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Roy S, Lam MY, Panerai RB, Robinson TG, Minhas JS. Blood pressure variability at rest and during pressor challenges in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Blood Press Monit 2024:00126097-990000000-00111. [PMID: 38841869 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have elevated blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) and reduced baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) at rest for several days after initial stroke symptoms. We aimed to assess BPV and BRS in AIS patients during pressor challenge maneuvers in the acute and subacute phases of stroke. Pressor challenge maneuvers simulate day-to-day activities and can predict the quality of life. METHODS Continuous beat-to-beat BP and ECG in 15 AIS patients (mean age 69 ± 7.5 years) and 15 healthy controls (57 ± 16 years) were recorded at rest and during a 5-min rapid head positioning (RHP) paradigm. Patients were assessed within 24 h (acute phase) and 7 days (subacute phase) of stroke onset. Low frequency (LF) SBP power (measure of BPV), LF-α, and combined α-index (measure of BRS) were calculated from the recordings. RESULTS In the acute phase, at rest, LF-SBP power was higher (P = 0.024) and α-index was lower (P = 0.006) in AIS patients than in healthy controls. There was no change in LF-SBP during RHP in the patients but in healthy controls, it increased significantly (P = 0.018). In the subacute phase, at rest, the alpha-index increased (P = 0.037) and LF-SBP decreased (P = 0.029) significantly in the AIS patients, however, there was still no rise in the LF-SBP power during RHP (P = 0.240). CONCLUSION AIS patients have a high resting BPV. High resting BPV may be responsible for blunted BPV responses during pressor challenge maneuvers such as RHP, suggesting ongoing autonomic dysfunction and compromised quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankanika Roy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester
| | - Man Y Lam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jatinder S Minhas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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2
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Wang H, Xu L, Dong L, Li Y, Liu H, Xiao G. Effect of heart rate on poor outcome in stroke patients treated with intra-arterial thrombectomy. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 38773425 PMCID: PMC11106893 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between heart rate and the prognosis of patients with large vessel occlusion strokes treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the association of mean heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) with the clinical outcomes after MT therapy. METHODS Acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing MT therapy were prospectively recruited from March 2020 to November 2022. Their heart rate was collected every hour for the initial 72 h after MT procedure, and the variability of heart rate was measured by standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV). All-cause mortality and worsening of functional outcome (change in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score) at 3-month were captured. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between heart rate indicators and all-cause mortality. Ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between heart rate indicators and worsening of functional outcome. RESULTS Among 191 MT-treated patients, 51(26.7%) patients died at 3-month after stroke. Increased mean heart rate per 10-bpm, heart rate SD and CV per 5-unit were all associated with the increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] with 95% CI: 1.29 [1.09-1.51], 1.19 [1.07-1.32], 1.14 [1.03-1.27]; respectively). Patients in the highest tertile of heart rate SD had an increased risk of mortality (4.62, 1.70-12.52). After using mRS as a continuous variable, we found increased mean heart rate per 10-bpm, heart rate SD and CV per 5-unit were associated with the worsening of functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] with 95% CI: 1.35 [1.11-1.64], 1.27 [1.05-1.53], 1.19 [1.02-1.40]; respectively). A linear relationship was observed between mean heart rate or heart rate SD and mortality; while all of the heart rate measures in this study showed a linear relationship with the worsening of functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS Higher mean heart rate and HRV were associated with the increased risk of 3-month all-cause mortality and worse functional outcome after MT therapy for AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaishun Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Longdong Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- fifth People's Hospital of Changshu, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Li Dong
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Guodong Xiao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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Sammito S, Thielmann B, Klussmann A, Deußen A, Braumann KM, Böckelmann I. Guideline for the application of heart rate and heart rate variability in occupational medicine and occupational health science. J Occup Med Toxicol 2024; 19:15. [PMID: 38741189 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-024-00414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This updated guideline replaces the "Guideline for the application of heart rate and heart rate variability in occupational medicine and occupational health science" first published in 2014. Based on the older version of the guideline, the authors have reviewed and evaluated the findings on the use of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) that have been published in the meantime and incorporated them into a new version of this guideline.This guideline was developed for application in clinical practice and research purposes in the fields of occupational medicine and occupational science to complement evaluation procedures with respect to exposure and risk assessment at the workplace by the use of objective physiological workload indicators. In addition, HRV is also suitable for assessing the state of health and for monitoring the progress of illnesses and preventive medical measures. It gives an overview of factors influencing the regulation of the HR and HRV at rest and during work. It further illustrates methods for measuring and analyzing these parameters under standardized laboratory and real workload conditions, areas of application as well as the quality control procedures to be followed during the recording and evaluation of HR and HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sammito
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Experimental Aerospace Medicine Research, Flughafenstraße 1, Cologne, 51147, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Thielmann
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andre Klussmann
- Competence Centre Health (CCG), Department Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences (HAW) Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Deußen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Irina Böckelmann
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ben Pazi H, Jahashan S, Har Nof S, Zibman S, Yanai-Kohelet O, Prigan L, Intrator N, Bornstein NM, Ribo M. Pre-hospital stroke monitoring past, present, and future: a perspective. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1341170. [PMID: 38585364 PMCID: PMC10995241 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1341170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrated brain-machine interface signifies a transformative advancement in neurological monitoring and intervention modalities for events such as stroke, the leading cause of disability. Historically, stroke management relied on clinical evaluation and imaging. While today's stroke landscape integrates artificial intelligence for proactive clinical decision-making, mainly in imaging and stroke detection, it depends on clinical observation for early detection. Cardiovascular monitoring and detection systems, which have become standard throughout healthcare and wellness settings, provide a model for future cerebrovascular monitoring and detection. This commentary reviews the progression of continuous stroke monitoring, spotlighting contemporary innovations and prospective avenues, and emphasizes the influential roles of cutting-edge technologies in shaping stroke care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sagi Har Nof
- Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Natan M. Bornstein
- Stroke Unit, Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tel Aviv Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc Ribo
- Stroke Unit, Neurology, Barcelona, Spain
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Kang K, Shi K, Liu J, Li N, Wu J, Zhao X. Autonomic dysfunction and treatment strategies in intracerebral hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14544. [PMID: 38372446 PMCID: PMC10875714 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Autonomic dysfunction with central autonomic network (CAN) damage occurs frequently after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and contributes to a series of adverse outcomes. This review aims to provide insight and convenience for future clinical practice and research on autonomic dysfunction in ICH patients. DISCUSSION We summarize the autonomic dysfunction in ICH from the aspects of potential mechanisms, clinical significance, assessment, and treatment strategies. The CAN structures mainly include insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, nucleus of the solitary tract, ventrolateral medulla, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, nucleus ambiguus, parabrachial nucleus, and periaqueductal gray. Autonomic dysfunction after ICH is closely associated with neurological functional outcomes, cardiac complications, blood pressure fluctuation, immunosuppression and infection, thermoregulatory dysfunction, hyperglycemia, digestive dysfunction, and urogenital disturbances. Heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, skin sympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic skin response, and plasma catecholamine concentration can be used to assess the autonomic functional activities after ICH. Risk stratification of patients according to autonomic functional activities, and development of intervention approaches based on the restoration of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance, would potentially improve clinical outcomes in ICH patients. CONCLUSION The review systematically summarizes the evidence of autonomic dysfunction and its association with clinical outcomes in ICH patients, proposing that targeting autonomic dysfunction could be potentially investigated to improve the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijiang Kang
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Kaibin Shi
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Jiexin Liu
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Komber A, Chu SH, Zhao X, Komber H, Halbesma N, Mead G. Non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of post-stroke fatigue: A systematic review. Int J Stroke 2023:17474930231221480. [PMID: 38062564 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231221480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) affects 50% of stroke survivors. Current guidance on management of this condition is limited. AIMS This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and analyze all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of PSF. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Six electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2023 for English-language RCTs investigating the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions versus passive controls in patients with PSF. The primary outcome was fatigue severity at the end of the intervention. The Cochrane risk-of-bias (ROB)2 tool was used to assess evidence quality. A total of 7990 records were retrieved, 333 studies were scrutinized, and 13 completed RCTs (484 participants) were included. Interventions included psychological therapies, physical therapies, and brain stimulation. Nine studies provided sufficient data for meta-analysis, of which seven also had follow-up data. Fatigue severity was lower in the intervention groups at the end of the intervention compared with control (participants = 310, standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.57, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (-0.87 to -0.28)) and at follow-up (participants = 112, SMD = -0.36, 95% CIs (-0.83 to 0.10)). Certainty in the effect estimate was downgraded to low for a serious ROB and imprecision. Subgroup analysis revealed significant benefits with physical therapy and brain stimulation but not psychological therapies, though sample sizes were low. CONCLUSION Non-pharmacological interventions improved fatigue but the quality of evidence was low. Further RCTs are needed for PSF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Komber
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuk Han Chu
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Hend Komber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Gillian Mead
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Hu JR, Abdullah A, Nanna MG, Soufer R. The Brain-Heart Axis: Neuroinflammatory Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1745-1758. [PMID: 37994952 PMCID: PMC10908342 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of neuroimmune modulation and inflammation in cardiovascular disease has been historically underappreciated. Physiological connections between the heart and brain, termed the heart-brain axis (HBA), are bidirectional, occur through a complex network of autonomic nerves/hormones and cytokines, and play important roles in common disorders. RECENT FINDINGS At the molecular level, advances in the past two decades reveal complex crosstalk mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the renin-angiotensin aldosterone and hypothalamus-pituitary axes, microRNA, and cytokines. Afferent pathways amplify proinflammatory signals via the hypothalamus and brainstem to the periphery, promoting neurogenic inflammation. At the organ level, while stress-mediated cardiomyopathy is the prototypical disorder of the HBA, cardiac dysfunction can result from a myriad of neurologic insults including stroke and spinal injury. Atrial fibrillation is not necessarily a causative factor for cardioembolic stroke, but a manifestation of an abnormal atrial substrate, which can lead to the development of stroke independent of AF. Central and peripheral neurogenic proinflammatory factors have major roles in the HBA, manifesting as complex bi-directional relationships in common conditions such as stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Ruey Hu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdullah
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Michael G Nanna
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Robert Soufer
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, -111B, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Doehner W, Böhm M, Boriani G, Christersson C, Coats AJS, Haeusler KG, Jones ID, Lip GYH, Metra M, Ntaios G, Savarese G, Shantsila E, Vilahur G, Rosano G. Interaction of heart failure and stroke: A clinical consensus statement of the ESC Council on Stroke, the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:2107-2129. [PMID: 37905380 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major disease in our society that often presents with multiple comorbidities with mutual interaction and aggravation. The comorbidity of HF and stroke is a high risk condition that requires particular attention to ensure early detection of complications, efficient diagnostic workup, close monitoring, and consequent treatment of the patient. The bi-directional interaction between the heart and the brain is inherent in the pathophysiology of HF where HF may be causal for acute cerebral injury, and - in turn - acute cerebral injury may induce or aggravate HF via imbalanced neural and neurovegetative control of cardiovascular regulation. The present document represents the consensus view of the ESC Council on Stroke, the Heart Failure Association and the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis to summarize current insights on pathophysiological interactions of the heart and the brain in the comorbidity of HF and stroke. Principal aspects of diagnostic workup, pathophysiological mechanisms, complications, clinical management in acute conditions and in long-term care of patients with the comorbidity are presented and state-of-the-art clinical management and current evidence from clinical trials is discussed. Beside the physicians perspective, also the patients values and preferences are taken into account. Interdisciplinary cooperation of cardiologists, stroke specialists, other specialists and primary care physicians is pivotal to ensure optimal treatment in acute events and in continued long-term treatment of these patients. Key consensus statements are presented in a concise overview on mechanistic insights, diagnostic workup, prevention and treatment to inform clinical acute and continued care of patients with the comorbidity of HF and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Doehner
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology (Campus Virchow) and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University (Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin), Homburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Karl Georg Haeusler
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (UKW), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ian D Jones
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, School of Nursing and Allied Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Heart and Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- Department of Primary Care, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- St George's University Hospital, London, UK, San Raffaele Cassino, Rome, Italy
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Marino L, Badenes R, Bilotta F. Heart Rate Variability for Outcome Prediction in Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4355. [PMID: 37445389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review presents clinical evidence on the association of heart rate variability with outcome prediction in intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages. The literature search led to the retrieval of 19 significant studies. Outcome prediction included functional outcome, cardiovascular complications, secondary brain injury, and mortality. Various aspects of heart rate recording and analysis, based on linear time and frequency domains and a non-linear entropy approach, are reviewed. Heart rate variability was consistently associated with poor functional outcome and mortality, while controversial results were found regarding the association between heart rate variability and secondary brain injury and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical-Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clínic Universitari de Vacia, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Theurl F, Schreinlechner M, Sappler N, Toifl M, Dolejsi T, Hofer F, Massmann C, Steinbring C, Komarek S, Mölgg K, Dejakum B, Böhme C, Kirchmair R, Reinstadler S, Bauer A. Smartwatch-derived heart rate variability: a head-to-head comparison with the gold standard in cardiovascular disease. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 4:155-164. [PMID: 37265873 PMCID: PMC10232241 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aims We aimed to investigate the concordance between heart rate variability (HRV) derived from the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal of a commercially available smartwatch compared with the gold-standard high-resolution electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived HRV in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and results We prospectively enrolled 104 survivors of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, 129 patients after an ischaemic stroke, and 30 controls. All subjects underwent simultaneous recording of a smartwatch (Garmin vivoactive 4; Garmin Ltd, Olathe, KS, USA)-derived PPG signal and a high-resolution (1000 Hz) ECG for 30 min under standardized conditions. HRV measures in time and frequency domain, non-linear measures, as well as deceleration capacity (DC) were calculated according to previously published technologies from both signals. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) between smartwatch-derived and ECG-based HRV markers was used as a measure of diagnostic accuracy. A very high concordance within the whole study cohort was observed for the mean heart rate (ρc = 0.9998), standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals in all 5min segments (SDANN; ρc = 0.9617), and very low frequency power (VLF power; ρc = 0.9613). In contrast, detrended fluctuation analysis (DF-α1; ρc = 0.5919) and the square mean root of the sum of squares of adjacent NN-interval differences (rMSSD; ρc = 0.6617) showed only moderate concordance. Conclusion Smartwatch-derived HRV provides a practical alternative with excellent accuracy compared with ECG-based HRV for global markers and those characterizing lower frequency components. However, caution is warranted with HRV markers that predominantly assess short-term variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michael Schreinlechner
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Nikolay Sappler
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michael Toifl
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Theresa Dolejsi
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Celine Massmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Silvia Komarek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke (VASCage), Anichstr. 5a, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Kurt Mölgg
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke (VASCage), Anichstr. 5a, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Benjamin Dejakum
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke (VASCage), Anichstr. 5a, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Böhme
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Sebastian Reinstadler
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Axel Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Nelde A, Klammer MG, Nolte CH, Stengl H, Krämer M, von Rennenberg R, Meisel A, Scheibe F, Endres M, Scheitz JF, Meisel C. Data lake-driven analytics identify nocturnal non-dipping of heart rate as predictor of unfavorable stroke outcome at discharge. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11718-x. [PMID: 37079032 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) changes have been proposed as outcome predictors after stroke. We used data lake-enabled continuous electrocardiograms to assess post-stroke HR and HRV, and to determine the utility of HR and HRV to improve machine learning-based predictions of stroke outcome. METHODS In this observational cohort study, we included stroke patients admitted to two stroke units in Berlin, Germany, between October 2020 and December 2021 with final diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke or acute intracranial hemorrhage and collected continuous ECG data through data warehousing. We created circadian profiles of several continuously recorded ECG parameters including HR and HRV parameters. The pre-defined primary outcome was short-term unfavorable functional outcome after stroke indicated through modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of > 2. RESULTS We included 625 stroke patients, 287 stroke patients remained after matching for age and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; mean age 74.5 years, 45.6% female, 88.9% ischemic, median NIHSS 5). Both higher HR and nocturnal non-dipping of HR were associated with unfavorable functional outcome (p < 0.01). The examined HRV parameters were not associated with the outcome of interest. Nocturnal non-dipping of HR ranked highly in feature importance of various machine learning models. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a lack of circadian HR modulation, specifically nocturnal non-dipping, is associated with short-term unfavorable functional outcome after stroke, and that including HR into machine learning-based prediction models may lead to improved stroke outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nelde
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus G Klammer
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Stengl
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Regina von Rennenberg
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Scheibe
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Scheitz
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Mankoo A, Roy S, Davies A, Panerai RB, Robinson TG, Brassard P, Beishon LC, Minhas JS. The role of the autonomic nervous system in cerebral blood flow regulation in stroke: A review. Auton Neurosci 2023; 246:103082. [PMID: 36870192 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a pathophysiological condition which results in alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF). The mechanism by which the brain maintains adequate CBF in presence of fluctuating cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is known as cerebral autoregulation (CA). Disturbances in CA may be influenced by a number of physiological pathways including the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The cerebrovascular system is innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers. The role of the ANS in regulating CBF is widely disputed owing to several factors including the complexity of the ANS and cerebrovascular interactions, limitations to measurements, variation in methods to assess the ANS in relation to CBF as well as experimental approaches that can or cannot provide insight into the sympathetic control of CBF. CA is known to be impaired in stroke however the number of studies investigating the mechanisms by which this occurs are limited. This literature review will focus on highlighting the assessment of the ANS and CBF via indices derived from the analyses of heart rate variability (HRV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and providing a summary of both clinical and animal model studies investigating the role of the ANS in influencing CA in stroke. Understanding the mechanisms by which the ANS influences CBF in stroke patients may provide the foundation for novel therapeutic approaches to improve functional outcomes in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mankoo
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sankanika Roy
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Aaron Davies
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Research center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy C Beishon
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinder S Minhas
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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13
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Tian Y, Pan Y, Wang M, Meng X, Zhao X, Liu L, Wang Y, Wang Y. The combination of heart rate variability and ABCD 2 score portends adverse outcomes after minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. J Neurol Sci 2023; 445:120522. [PMID: 36634579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The residual recurrent risk of stroke, which cannot be entirely explained by the traditional ABCD2 score, still existed. Heart rate variability (HRV), a method for reflecting the function of automatic nervous system (ANS), was a novel predictor of secondary stroke events. We aimed to investigate the relationships of combined HRV and ABCD2 score with adverse outcomes after acute minor stroke (MS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and further investigate the independent associations between HRV and adverse outcomes after MS/TIA stratified by ABCD2 score. METHODS Data were obtained from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III) study. We assessed the activity of ANS using standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), a time domain index of HRV. Trained investigators collected clinical characteristics and estimated ABCD2 score for each participant. All enrolled patients were categorized into different risk groups based on SDNN level and ABCD2 score. The clinial outcomes included recurrent stroke, recurrent ischemic stroke, and disability within 1-year follow-up. We evaluated whether combined SDNN and ABCD2 score were associated with recurrent events using multivariable Cox regression models, and those with disability using multivariable logistic regression models. The independent associations between SDNN and diverse outcomes stratified by ABCD2 score were explored using multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 5,743 participants [3,316 (70.02) males, 62.0 (54.0-69.0) years] were included. Patients with low SDNN and ABCD2 ≥ 4 were associated with higher risk of recurrent stroke within 1 year (10.8% versus 4.9%; [HR] 1.31, 95% [CI] 0.92-1.88, P = 0.14) compared to patients with high SDNN with ABCD2 < 4. Lower SDNN was associated with higher recurrent stroke in patients with ABCD2 0-3 score ([HR] 0.73, 95% [CI] 0.57-0.947, P = 0.01) and ABCD2 4-5 score ([HR] 0.85, 95% [CI] 0.74-0.97, P = 0.02), but not in patients with ABCD2 6-7 score. CONCLUSION The combination of HRV and ABCD2 score might efficiently stratify the risk of 1-year recurrent stroke after MS/TIA. Moreover, lower SDNN was independently related to recurrent stroke in patients with MS/TIA, especially for those with low-to-moderate traditional vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
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14
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Cai Z, Cheng H, Xing Y, Chen F, Zhang Y, Cui C. Autonomic nervous activity analysis based on visibility graph complex networks and skin sympathetic nerve activity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1001415. [PMID: 36160855 PMCID: PMC9500413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autonomic nerve system (ANS) plays an important role in regulating cardiovascular function and cerebrovascular function. Traditional heart rate variation (HRV) and emerging skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) analyses from ultra-short-time (UST) data cannot fully reveal neural activity, thereby quantitatively reflect ANS intensity. Methods: Electrocardiogram and SKNA from sixteen patients (seven cerebral hemorrhage (CH) patients and nine control group (CO) patients) were recorded using a portable device. Ten derived HRV (mean, standard deviation and root mean square difference of sinus RR intervals (NNmean, SDNN and RMSSD), ultra-low frequency (<0.003 Hz, uLF), very low frequency ([0.003 Hz, 0.04 Hz), vLF), low frequency ([0.04 Hz, 0.15 Hz), LF) and high frequency power ([0.15 Hz, 0.4 Hz), HF), ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF), the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1), and approximate entropy (ApEn)) and ten visibility graph (VG) features (diameter (Dia), average node degree (aND), average shortest-path length (aSPL), clustering coefficient (CC), average closeness centrality (aCC), transitivity (Trans), average degree centrality (aDC), link density (LD), sMetric (sM) and graph energy (GE) of the constructed complex network) were compared on 5-min and UST segments to verify their validity and robustness in discriminating CH and CO under different data lengths. Besides, their potential for quantifying ANS-Load were also investigated. Results: The validation results of HRV and VG features in discriminating CH from CO showed that VG features were more clearly distinguishable between the two groups than HRV features. For effectiveness evaluation of analyzing ANS on UST segment, the NNmean, SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF and LF/HF in HRV features and the CC, Trans, Dia and GE of VG features remained stable in both activated and inactivated segments across all data lengths. The capability of HRV and VG features in quantifying ANS-Load were evaluated and compared under different ANS-Load, the results showed that most HRV features (SDNN, LFHF, RMSSD, vLF, LF and HF) and almost all VG features were correlated to sympathetic nerve activity intensity. Conclusions: The proposed autonomic nervous activity analysis method based on VG and SKNA offers a new insight into ANS assessment in UST segments and ANS-Load quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Cai
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Cai, ; Chang Cui,
| | - Hongyi Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yantao Xing
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Cai, ; Chang Cui,
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15
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Mohammadian M, Golchoobian R. Potential autonomic nervous system dysfunction in COVID-19 patients detected by heart rate variability is a sign of SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic features. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8131-8137. [PMID: 35810238 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence strongly support that the newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to the development of COVID-19-associated central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral protein in the brainstem, which includes cardiovascular control centers, has been documented previously. Given the changes in autonomic nervous system function evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) metrics, which are observed even prior to clinical signs, the potential effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) center is likely. The integral parts of the brain renin-angiotensin system, as ACE2 enzyme, are highly expressed in the brainstem, which may also be involved in baroreflex sensitivity, playing an important role in HRV. SARS-CoV-2 may bind to ACE2 in order to enter the host brainstem cell and change baroreflex sensitivity due to the altered ratio of the concentration of angiotensin II (Ag II) to angiotensin (1-7). In this article, we discussed the information on the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 viral particle by disrupting the homeostasis of the brain renin-angiotensin system even without brainstem neuropathological changes, may affect the function of the ANS center in the brainstem. SARS-CoV-2 could influence ANS function before affecting the immune system. It is possible that the altered HRV parameters imply the potential neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this potential feature should be taken into account in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryame Mohammadian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ravieh Golchoobian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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16
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Zhu L, Huang L, Le A, Wang TJ, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang C. Interactions between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Immune System after Stroke. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3665-3704. [PMID: 35766834 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response occurs in the perilesion areas and the periphery. Although stroke-induced immunosuppression may alleviate brain injury, it hinders brain repair as the immune-inflammatory response plays a bidirectional role after acute stroke. Furthermore, suppression of the systemic immune-inflammatory response increases the risk of life-threatening systemic bacterial infections after acute stroke. Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanisms that underlie the stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation is critical for regulating the local and systemic immune-inflammatory responses and may influence the prognosis of acute stroke. We review the changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their influence on the immune-inflammatory response after stroke. Importantly, this article summarizes the mechanisms on how ANS regulates the immune-inflammatory response through neurotransmitters and their receptors in immunocytes and immune organs after stroke. To facilitate translational research, we also discuss the promising therapeutic approaches modulating the activation of the ANS or the immune-inflammatory response to promote neurologic recovery after stroke. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3665-3704, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom J Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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17
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Ghesquière L, Ternynck C, Sharma D, Hamoud Y, Vanspranghels R, Storme L, Houfflin-Debarge V, De Jonckheere J, Garabedian C. Heart rate markers for prediction of fetal acidosis in an experimental study on fetal sheep. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10615. [PMID: 35739219 PMCID: PMC9226053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the difficulties in interpreting fetal heart rate (FHR), several tools based on the autonomic nervous system and heart rate variability (HRV) have been developed. The objective of this study was to use FHR and HRV parameters for the prediction of fetal hypoxia. It was an experimental study in the instrumented fetal sheep. Repeated umbilical cord occlusions were performed to achieve severe acidosis. Hemodynamic parameters, ECG, and blood gases were analyzed. The variables used were heart rate baseline, HRV analysis (RMSSD, SDNN, LF, HF, HFnu, Fetal Stress Index (FSI), …), and morphological analysis of decelerations. The gold standard used to classify hypoxia was the fetal arterial pH (pH < 7.10). Different multivariable statistical methods (logistic regression and decision trees) were applied for the detection of acidosis. 21 lambs were instrumented. A total of 130 pairs of FHR/fetal pH analysis were obtained of which 29 in the acidosis group and 101 in the non-acidosis group. After logistic regression model with bootstrap resampling and stepwise backward selection, only one variable was selected, FSI. The AUC of FSI alone in this model was 0.81 with a sensitivity of 0.66, specificity of 0.88, PPV of 0.61, and NPV of 0.90 considering a threshold of 68. Decision trees with CHAID and CART algorithms showed a sensitivity of 0.48 and 0.59, respectively, and a specificity of 0.94 for both. All employed methods identified HRV variables as the most predictive of acidosis. The primary variables selected automatically were those from the HRV. Supporting the use of FHRV measures for the screening of fetal acidosis during labour is interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ghesquière
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France. .,Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France. .,Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59037, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - C Ternynck
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Biostatistics, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - D Sharma
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Y Hamoud
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - R Vanspranghels
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - L Storme
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neonatology, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - V Houfflin-Debarge
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - J De Jonckheere
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, CIC-IT 1403, 59000, Lille, France
| | - C Garabedian
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
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18
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Cardiovascular medication seems to promote recovery of autonomic dysfunction after stroke. J Neurol 2022; 269:5454-5465. [PMID: 35690694 PMCID: PMC9467950 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Stroke may compromise cardiovascular–autonomic modulation (CAM). The longitudinal post-stroke CAM alterations remain unclear as previous studies excluded patients with cardiovascular medication. This study evaluated whether CAM dysfunction improves after several months in patients under typical clinical conditions, i.e., without excluding patients with cardiovascular medication. Methods In 82 ischemic stroke patients [33 women, 64.9 ± 8.9 years, NIHSS-scores 2 (interquartile range 1–5)], we evaluated the applications of cardiovascular medication before stroke, during autonomic tests performed within 1 week, 3 and 6 months after stroke onset. We determined resting RR intervals (RRI), systolic, diastolic blood pressures (BPsys), respiration, parameters reflecting total CAM [RRI-standard deviation (RRI-SD), RRI-total powers], sympathetic [RRI-low-frequency powers (RRI-LF), BPsys-LF powers] and parasympathetic CAM [RMSSD, RRI-high-frequency powers (RRI-HF powers)], and baroreflex sensitivity. ANOVA or Friedman tests with post hoc analyses compared patient data with data of 30 healthy controls, significance was assumed for P < 0.05. Results More patients had antihypertensive medication after than before stroke. First-week CAM testing showed lower RRIs, RMSSD, RRI-SDs, RRI-total powers, RRI-HF powers, and baroreflex sensitivity, but higher BPsys-LF powers in patients than controls. After 3 and 6 months, patients had significantly higher RRIs, RRI-SDs, RRI-total powers, RMSSDs, RRI-HF powers, and baroreflex sensitivity, but lower BPsys-LF powers than in the 1st week; RMSSDs and RRI-HF powers no longer differed between patients and controls. However, 6-month values of RRIs, RRI-SDs, and baroreflex sensitivity were again lower in patients than controls. Conclusions Even mild strokes compromised cardiovagal modulation and baroreflex sensitivity. After 3 months, CAM had almost completely recovered. Recovery might be related to the mild stroke severity. Presumably, CAM recovery was also promoted by the increased application of cardiovascular medication. Yet, slight CAM dysfunction after 6 months suggests continuing autonomic vulnerability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11204-w.
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19
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Wang R, Köhrmann M, Kollmar R, Koehn J, Schwab S, Kallmünzer B, Hilz MJ. Posterior circulation ischemic stroke not involving the brainstem is associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2690-2700. [PMID: 35638371 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischemic stroke may induce cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Yet, most previous studies included patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke or brainstem stroke. It remains unclear whether posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS) without brainstem involvement also compromises cardiovascular autonomic modulation (CAM). Therefore, we aimed to assess CAM in PCIS patients with and without brainstem involvement. METHODS In four subgroups of 61 PCIS-patients (14 occipital lobe, 16 thalamic, 12 cerebellar, and 19 brainstem strokes) and 30 healthy controls, we recorded RR-intervals (RRI), systolic, diastolic blood pressures (BPsys, BPdia), and respiration at supine rest during the first week after stroke-onset. We calculated parameters reflecting total CAM [RRI-standard-deviation (RRI-SD), RRI-total-powers], predominantly sympathetic CAM [RRI-low-frequency-powers (RRI-LF-powers) and BPsys-LF-powers] and parasympathetic CAM [Root-Mean-Square-of-Successive-RRI-Differences (RMSSD), RRI-high-frequency-powers (RRI-HF-powers)], sympathetic-parasympathetic balance (RRI-LF/HF-ratios), and baroreflex-sensitivity (BRS). Values were compared between the four PCIS-groups and controls using one-way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis-tests, with post-hoc analyses. Significance was assumed for P<0.05. RESULTS In each PCIS-subgroup, values of RRI, RRI-SD, RMSSD, RRI-HF-powers, and BRS were significantly lower, while BPsys-LF-powers were higher than in the controls. Only in patients with occipital lobe stroke, RRI-LF/HF-ratios were significantly higher than in controls. Otherwise, autonomic parameters did not differ between the four PCIS-subgroups. CONCLUSIONS During the first week after stroke-onset, our PCIS patients with occipital lobe, thalamic, cerebellar, or brainstem strokes all had reduced cardiovagal modulation, compromised baroreflex, and increased peripheral sympathetic modulation. The RRI-LF/HF-ratios suggest that sympathetic predominance is slightly more prominent after occipital lobe stroke. PCIS may trigger cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction even without brainstem involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Köhrmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kollmar
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Koehn
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kallmünzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max J Hilz
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Prognostic Value of Serum Cardiac Troponin in Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106444. [PMID: 35339855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a specific biomarker of cardiac injury and elevation of cTn is related to increased mortality. However, prognostic value of cTn in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) still remains to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to explore the strength of association between elevated cTn and mortality after AIS onset. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 12, 2021 without language restriction. All studies reporting the association between cTn on admission and mortality in AIS patients have been included in this review. Meta-analysis was performed for overall and pre-specified subgroup risk ratios (RR) were obtained using a random effect model. Study quality was assessed for each included study. RESULTS There were 20 studies included in this meta-analysis with 9779 AIS patients met the inclusion criteria. There was significant association between elevated cTn and mortality in patients with AIS (RR 3.87; 95% CI 3.24-4.63). The association was consistent across the pre-specified subgroup analyses by type of troponin (cTnT or cTnI), assay of troponin (conventional or high-sensitivity), region (Asian or Non-Asian), definite exclusion of ACS/AMI patients or not (yes or not mentioned), adjusted AF, HF and impaired renal function or not (yes or no). CONCLUSIONS AIS patients with elevated cTn at baseline has an increased risk of mortality. Early and routine evaluation of cTn may contribute to timely detection of comorbid cardiac injury and prevent unfavorable outcomes in patients with AIS. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020160912.
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21
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Fan JL, Brassard P, Rickards CA, Nogueira RC, Nasr N, McBryde FD, Fisher JP, Tzeng YC. Integrative cerebral blood flow regulation in ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:387-403. [PMID: 34259070 PMCID: PMC8985438 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211032029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing cerebral perfusion is key to rescuing salvageable ischemic brain tissue. Despite being an important determinant of cerebral perfusion, there are no effective guidelines for blood pressure (BP) management in acute stroke. The control of cerebral blood flow (CBF) involves a myriad of complex pathways which are largely unaccounted for in stroke management. Due to its unique anatomy and physiology, the cerebrovascular circulation is often treated as a stand-alone system rather than an integral component of the cardiovascular system. In order to optimize the strategies for BP management in acute ischemic stroke, a critical reappraisal of the mechanisms involved in CBF control is needed. In this review, we highlight the important role of collateral circulation and re-examine the pathophysiology of CBF control, namely the determinants of cerebral perfusion pressure gradient and resistance, in the context of stroke. Finally, we summarize the state of our knowledge regarding cardiovascular and cerebrovascular interaction and explore some potential avenues for future research in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Lin Fan
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Canada
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo C Nogueira
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neurology Department, Hospital Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Nasr
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, NSERM UMR 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Fiona D McBryde
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James P Fisher
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Chieh Tzeng
- Wellington Medical Technology Group, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery & Anaesthesia, Centre for Translational Physiology, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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22
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Rossi A, Mikail N, Bengs S, Haider A, Treyer V, Buechel RR, Wegener S, Rauen K, Tawakol A, Bairey Merz CN, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Gebhard C. Heart-brain interactions in cardiac and brain diseases: why sex matters. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3971-3980. [PMID: 35194633 PMCID: PMC9794190 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and brain disorders, such as depression and cognitive dysfunction, are highly prevalent conditions and are among the leading causes limiting patient's quality of life. A growing body of evidence has shown an intimate crosstalk between the heart and the brain, resulting from a complex network of several physiological and neurohumoral circuits. From a pathophysiological perspective, both organs share common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking or dyslipidaemia, and are similarly affected by systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system. In addition, there is an increasing awareness that physiological interactions between the two organs play important roles in potentiating disease and that sex- and gender-related differences modify those interactions between the heart and the brain over the entire lifespan. The present review summarizes contemporary evidence of the effect of sex on heart-brain interactions and how these influence pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and treatment responses of specific heart and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nidaa Mikail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Ralf Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Molcan L. Telemetric data collection should be standard in modern experimental cardiovascular research. Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113620. [PMID: 34637804 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) health is often expressed by changes in heart rate and blood pressure, the physiological record of which may be affected by moving, anaesthesia, handling, time of day and many other factors in rodents. Telemetry measurement minimises these modulations and enables more accurate physiological recording of heart rate and blood pressure than non-invasive methods. Measurement of arterial blood pressure by telemetry requires implanting a catheter tip into the artery. Telemetry enables us to sample physiological parameters with a high frequency continuously for several months. By measuring the pressure in the artery using telemetry, we can visualize pressure changes over a heart cycle as the pressure wave. From the pressure wave, we can subtract systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressure. From the beat-to-beat interval (pressure wave) and the RR' interval (electrocardiogram), we can derive the heart rate. From beat-to-beat variability, we can evaluate the autonomic nervous system's activity and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and their impact on CV activity. On a long-term scale, circadian variability of CV parameters is evident. Circadian variability is the result of the circadian system's activity, which synchronises and organises many activities in the body, such as autonomic and reflex modulation of the CV system and its response to load over the day. In the presented review, we aimed to discuss telemetry devices, their types, implantation, set-up, limitations, short-term and long-term variability of heart rate and blood pressure in CV research. Data collection by telemetry should be, despite some limitations, standard in modern experimental CV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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24
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Lee Y, Walsh RJ, Fong MWM, Sykora M, Doering MM, Wong AWK. Heart rate variability as a biomarker of functional outcomes in persons with acquired brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:737-754. [PMID: 34626686 PMCID: PMC9006352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to quantify correlations between heart rate variability (HRV) and functional outcomes after acquired brain injury (ABI). We conducted a literature search from inception to January 2020 via electronic databases, using search terms with HRV, ABI, and functional outcomes. Meta-analyses included 16 studies with 906 persons with ABI. Results demonstrated significant associations: Low frequency (LF) (r = -0.28) and SDNN (r = -0.33) with neurological function; LF (r = -0.33), High frequency (HF) (r = -0.22), SDNN (r = -0.22), and RMSSD (r = -0.23) with emotional function; and LF (r = 0.34), HF (r = 0.41 to 0.43), SDNN (r = 0.43 to 0.51), and RMSSD (r = 0.46) with behavioral function. Results indicate that higher HRV is related to better neurological, emotional, and behavioral functions after ABI. In addition, persons with stroke showed lower HF (SMD = -0.50) and SDNN (SMD = -0.75) than healthy controls. The findings support the use of HRV as a biomarker to facilitate precise monitoring of post-ABI functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Lee
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Ryan J Walsh
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Mandy W M Fong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Marek Sykora
- Department of Neurology, St. John's Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michelle M Doering
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Alex W K Wong
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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25
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Souza HCD, Philbois SV, Veiga AC, Aguilar BA. Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Fitness: What We Know so Far. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:701-711. [PMID: 34803382 PMCID: PMC8598208 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s279322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuation analysis in intervals between heartbeats provides important indices related to autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). These indices are considered predictors of morbidity and mortality as they are frequently altered in patients with chronic degenerative diseases, especially in those with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Similarly, a reduction in HRV is common with aging. In all cases, cardiovascular fitness is often reduced to below the predicted values. In turn, increases in cardiovascular fitness through regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, represent an important therapeutic tool capable of promoting positive adjustments in cardiac autonomic modulation. These adjustments are characterized by reduced sympathetic modulatory influence and/or increased vagal modulatory influence on the heart, increasing the HRV. Therefore, several methodological tools have been used to assess the degree of impairment of autonomic modulation and the therapeutic effects of physical exercise. In contrast, establishment of strict protocols in experimental design is a main challenge in establishing HRV analysis as a robust parameter for evaluating cardiovascular homeostasis. Thus, this review aimed to contribute to the understanding of autonomic modulation of HRV and its relationship with cardiovascular fitness, highlighting the advances made thus far, the applicability of analysis tools, and the confounding factors observed frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Celso Dutra Souza
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarine Veiga
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Aguilar
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Raimundo RD, Zangirolami-Raimundo J, Leone C, de Carvalho TD, da Silva TD, Bezerra IMP, de Almeida AD, Valenti VE, de Abreu LC. The Use of Cardiac Autonomic Responses to Aerobic Exercise in Elderly Stroke Patients: Functional Rehabilitation as a Public Health Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111460. [PMID: 34769977 PMCID: PMC8583231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose: The development of public policies must be guided by full knowledge of the health–disease process of the population. Aerobic exercises are recommended for rehabilitation in stroke patients, and have been shown to improve heart rate variability (HRV). Our aim was to compare the cardiac autonomic modulation of elderly stroke patients with that of healthy elderly people during and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Methods: A total of 60 elderly people participated in the study (30 in the control group, mean age of 67 ± 4 years; 30 in the stroke group, mean age of 69 ± 3 years). HRV was analyzed in rest—10 min of rest in supine position; exercise—the 30 min of peak exercise; and recovery—30 min in supine position post-exercise. Results: Taking rest and exercises together, for SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, RRTri, and TINN, there was no difference between the stroke and control groups (p = 0.062; p = 0.601; p = 0.166; p = 0.224, and p = 0.059, respectively). The HF (ms2) was higher and the LF/HF ratio was lower for the stroke group than the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). The SD2 was lower for the stroke group than for the control group (p = 0.041). Conclusion: Stroke patients present reduced variability at rest, sympathetic predominance during exercise, and do not return to baseline after the 30 min of recovery, with similar responses found in the healthy elderly group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (R.D.R.); (C.L.)
- Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica, Centro Universitário FMABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000-Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre 09060-870, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Zangirolami-Raimundo
- Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica, Centro Universitário FMABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000-Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre 09060-870, Brazil;
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, Pacaembu-SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Claudio Leone
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (R.D.R.); (C.L.)
- Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica, Centro Universitário FMABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000-Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre 09060-870, Brazil;
| | - Tatiana Dias de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, Florencio Varela 1903, San Justo B1754, Argentina;
| | - Talita Dias da Silva
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500-1º Andar-Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Avenida Nossa Senhora da Penha, 2190-Bela Vista, Vitoria 29027-502, Brazil;
| | - Alvaro Dantas de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, Pacaembu-SP 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Vitor Engracia Valenti
- Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (CESNA), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marilia 17525-900, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Carlos de Abreu
- Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (CESNA), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marilia 17525-900, Brazil;
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Castletroy, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514-Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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27
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Han SC, Fu TC, Hsu CC, Huang SC, Lin HY, Wang JS. The validation of oxygen uptake efficiency slope in patients with stroke. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27384. [PMID: 34678866 PMCID: PMC8542132 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the real aerobic capacity is difficult due to impaired limbs function in stroke patients. Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) could represent the aerobic capacity in submaximal exercise test. Hence, we designed this observational study to investigate the application of the OUES for evaluating aerobic capacity in these patients.Thirty-seven stroke patients were classified into 2 groups according to their Brunnstrom stage of affected lower limbs. Patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. Minute ventilation and oxygen consumption were measured, and OUES was calculated, compared with healthy reference values, and correlated with the peak oxygen consumption. The predictive validity of submaximal OUES was derived.Study participants' OUES (median 566.2 [IQR, 470.0-711.6]) was 60% of healthy reference values and correlated positively with the peak oxygen consumption (r = 0.835) (P < .01). The predictive validity of oxygen uptake efficiency slope at 50% of maximal exercise duration (OUES50) and oxygen uptake efficiency slope at 75% of maximal exercise duration (OUES75) for oxygen uptake efficiency slope at 100% of maximal exercise duration (OUES100) was 0.877 and 0.973, respectively (P < .01). The OUES50, OUES75, and OUES100 groups were not significantly different; agreement of submaximal and maximal OUES values was strong.OUES is a valuable submaximal index for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in stroke patients. Moderate-to-high concurrent validity of this parameter with peak oxygen consumption and the high predictive validity of OUES50 and OUES75 for OUES100 suggest maximal exercise testing in stroke patients who cannot reach maximal exercise is unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Lin
- Department of Gerontological and Long-term Care Business, School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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28
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Burma JS, Lapointe AP, Soroush A, Oni IK, Smirl JD, Dunn JF. Insufficient sampling frequencies skew heart rate variability estimates: Implications for extracting heart rate metrics from neuroimaging and physiological data. J Biomed Inform 2021; 123:103934. [PMID: 34666185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While cardiac pulsations are widely present within physiological and neuroimaging data, it is unknown the extent this information can provide valid and reliable heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) estimates. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how a slight temporal shift due to an insufficient sampling frequency can impact the validity/accuracy of deriving cardiac metrics. METHODS Twenty-two participants were instrumented with valid/reliable industry-standard or open-source electrocardiograms. Five-minute lead II recordings were collected at 1000 Hz in an upright orthostatic position. Following artifact removal, the 1000 Hz recording for each participant was downsampled to frequencies ranging 2-500 Hz. The validity of each participant's downsampled recording was compared against their 1000 Hz recording ("reference-standard") using Bland-Altman plots with 95 % limits of agreement (LOA), coefficient of variation (CoV), intraclass correlation coefficients, and adjusted r-squared values. RESULTS Downsampled frequencies of ≥ 50 and ≥ 90 Hz produced highly robust measures with narrow log-transformed 95 % LOA (<±0.01) and low CoV values (≤3.5 %) for heart rate and HRV metrics, respectively. Below these thresholds, the log-transformed 95 % LOA became wider (LOA range: ±0.1-1.9) and more variable (CoV range: 1.5-111.6 %). CONCLUSION These results provide an important consideration for obtaining cardiac information from physiological data. Compared to the "reference-standard" ECG, a seemingly negligible temporal shift of the systolic contraction (R wave) greater than 11-milliseconds (90 Hz) away from its true value, lessened the validity of the HRV. Further research is warranted to determine the minimum sampling frequency required to obtain valid heart rate/HRV metrics from pulsatile waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Burma
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew P Lapointe
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ateyeh Soroush
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ibukunoluwa K Oni
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Smirl
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F Dunn
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Cui P, McCullough LD, Hao J. Brain to periphery in acute ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and clinical significance. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100932. [PMID: 34273406 PMCID: PMC9850260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The social and public health burdens of ischemic stroke have been increasing worldwide. In addition to focal brain damage, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) provokes systemic abnormalities across peripheral organs. AIS profoundly alters the autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and immune system, which further yield deleterious organ-specific consequences. Poststroke systemic pathological alterations in turn considerably contribute to the progression of ischemic brain injury, which accounts for the substantial impact of systemic complications on stroke outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive and updated pathophysiological model elucidating the systemic effects of AIS. To address their clinical significance and inform stroke management, we also outline the resulting systemic complications at particular stages of AIS and highlight the mechanisms. Future therapeutic strategies should attempt to integrate the treatment of primary brain lesions with interventions for secondary systemic complications, and should be tailored to patient individualized characteristics to optimize stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Miwa K, Koga M, Fukuda-Doi M, Yamamoto H, Tanaka K, Yoshimura S, Ihara M, Qureshi AI, Toyoda K. Effect of Heart Rate Variabilities on Outcome After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Post Hoc Analysis of ATACH-2. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020364. [PMID: 34387101 PMCID: PMC8475052 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background To explore how the clinical impact of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variabilities (HRV) during the initial 24 hours after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) contribute to worse clinical outcomes. Methods and Results In the ATACH‐2 (Antihypertensive Treatment in Intracerebral Hemorrhage 2) trial, the HR was recorded for every 15 minutes from baseline to 1 hour and hourly during the initial 24 hours post‐randomization. We calculated the following: mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, successive variation, and average real variability (ARV). Outcomes were hematoma expansion at 24 hours and unfavorable functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale score 4 to 6 at 90 days. Of the 1000 subjects in ATACH‐2, 994 with available HR data were included in the analyses. Overall, 262 experienced hematoma expansion, and 362 had unfavorable outcomes. Increased mean HR was linearly associated with unfavorable outcome (per 10 bpm increase adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.31, 95% CI, 1.14–1.50) but not with hematoma expansion, while HR‐ARV was associated with hematoma expansion (aOR, 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01–1.12) and unfavorable outcome (aOR, 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01–1.3). Every 10‐bpm increase in mean HR increased the probability of unfavorable outcome by 4.3%, while every 1 increase in HR‐ARV increased the probability of hematoma expansion by 1.1% and unfavorable outcome by 1.3%. Conclusions Increased mean HR and HR‐ARV within the initial 24 hours were independently associated with unfavorable outcome in acute ICH. Moreover, HR‐ARV was associated with hematoma expansion at 24 hours. This may have future therapeutic implications to accommodate HR and HRV in acute ICH. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT01176565.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Miwa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
| | - Mayumi Fukuda-Doi
- Center for Advancing Clinical and Translational Sciences National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
| | - Haruko Yamamoto
- Center for Advancing Clinical and Translational Sciences National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
| | - Kanata Tanaka
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshimura
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
| | - Adnan I Qureshi
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute and Department of Neurology University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
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31
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Burma JS, Lapointe AP, Soroush A, Oni IK, Smirl JD, Dunn JF. The validity and reliability of an open source biosensing board to quantify heart rate variability. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07148. [PMID: 34124405 PMCID: PMC8173091 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is a popular tool to quantify autonomic function. However, this typically requires an expensive 3-12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and BioAmp system. This investigation sought to determine the validity and reliability of an OpenBCI cyton biosensing board (open source) for accurately quantifying HRV. New method A cyton board with a 3-lead ECG was employed to acquire heart rate waveform data, which was processed to obtain HRV within both time- and frequency-domains. The concurrent validity was compared to a simultaneous recording from an industry-standard 3-lead ECG (ADInstruments) (n = 15). The reliability of the cyton board was compared between three days within a 7-day timespan (n = 10). Upright quiet-stance short-term HRV metrics were quantified in time- and frequency-domains. Results The two devices displayed excellent limits of agreements (all log mean differences ±0.4) and very high between-device variable associations (all r 2 > 0.98). Between the three time points in the same subjects, no differences were noted within time- (all p > 0.71) or frequency-domains (all p > 0.88) across testing points. Finally, all HRV metrics exhibited excellent levels of reliability through high Cronbach's Alpha (all ≥0.916) and intraclass correlation coefficients (all ≥0.930); and small standard error of the measurement (all ≤0.7) and typical error of the measurement (all ≤0.1) metrics. Comparison with existing methods The cyton board with 3-lead ECG was compared with an industry-standard ADInstruments ECG during HRV assessments. There were no significant differences between devices with respect to time- and frequency-domains. The cyton board displayed high-levels of between-day reliability and provided values harmonious to previous ECG literature highlighting the applicability for longitudinal studies. Conclusion With proper background knowledge regarding ECG principles and a small degree of set-up complexity, an open source cyton board can be created and employed to perform multimodal HRV assessments at a fraction of the cost (~4%) of an industry-standard ECG setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S. Burma
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Lapointe
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ateyeh Soroush
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ibukunoluwa K. Oni
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Smirl
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Burma JS, Graver S, Miutz LN, Macaulay A, Copeland PV, Smirl JD. The validity and reliability of ultra-short-term heart rate variability parameters and the influence of physiological covariates. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1848-1867. [PMID: 33856258 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00955.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-short-term (UST) heart rate variability (HRV) metrics have increasingly been proposed as surrogates for short-term HRV metrics. However, the concurrent validity, within-day reliability, and between-day reliability of UST HRV have yet to be comprehensively documented. Thirty-six adults (18 males, age: 26 ± 5 yr, BMI: 24 ± 3 kg/m2) were recruited. Measures of HRV were quantified in a quiet-stance upright orthostatic position via three-lead electrocardiogram (ADInstruments, FE232 BioAmp). All short-term data recordings were 300 s in length and five UST time points (i.e., 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, and 240 s) were extracted from the original 300-s recording. Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement, repeated measures ANOVA and two-tailed paired t tests demarcated differences between UST and short-term recordings. Linear regressions, coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficients, and other tests examined the validity and reliability in both time- and frequency domains. No group differences were noted between all short-term and UST measures, for either time- (all P > 0.202) or frequency-domain metrics (all P > 0.086). A longer recording duration was associated with augmented validity and reliability, which was less impacted by confounding influences from physiological variables (e.g., respiration rate, carbon dioxide end-tidals, and blood pressure). Conclusively, heart rate, time-domain, and relative frequency-domain HRV metrics were acceptable with recordings greater or equal to 60 s, 240 s, and 300 s, respectively. Future studies employing UST HRV metrics should thoroughly understand the methodological requirements to obtain accurate results. Moreover, a conservative approach should be utilized regarding the minimum acceptable recording duration, which ensures valid/reliable HRV estimates are obtained.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A one size fits all methodological approach to quantify HRV metrics appears to be inappropriate, where study design considerations need to be conducted upon a variable-by-variable basis. The present results found 60 s (heart rate), 240 s (time-domain parameters), and 300 s (relative frequency-domain parameters) were required to obtain accurate and reproducible metrics. The lower validity/reliability of the ultra-short-term metrics was attributable to measurement error and/or confounding from extraneous physiological influences (i.e., respiratory and hemodynamic variables).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Burma
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Concussion Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Graver
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lauren N Miutz
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alannah Macaulay
- Concussion Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paige V Copeland
- Concussion Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Smirl
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Concussion Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Ernst G, Watne LO, Frihagen F, Wyller TB, Dominik A, Rostrup M. Low Heart Rate Variability Predicts Stroke and Other Complications in the First Six Postoperative Months After a Hip Fracture Operation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:640970. [PMID: 33829048 PMCID: PMC8019729 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.640970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One-year mortality after hip fractures is underestimated and is reported as 25%. An improved risk stratifying could contribute to a better follow up of these patients. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an easy point-of-care investigation and is been used in cardiology, endocrinology, and perioperative care. This observational study intended to explore relevant associations between HRV parameters and 6-months mortality and morbidity after a hip fracture. Methods: One hundred and sixty-five patients admitted to two hospitals were included, and short-time HRV measurements (5 min, and 10 min at the two hospitals, respectively) were obtained. Mortality data were gathered by means of the Norwegian central address register. Patients, close relatives of patients, and in some cases their general physicians or nursery home physicians were interviewed 6 months postoperatively regarding the incidence of pneumonia, cardiac events, or stroke. Results: One and hundred fifty-seven (95.2%) patients were followed up after 6 months post-surgery. Twenty-one (13%) died during this period. Twenty patients (13%) developed pneumonia, eight (5 %) stroke, and four (2%) myocardial infarction. No HRV parameter was associated with 6-month general mortality. However, patients who developed stroke had significantly lower High Frequency Power (HF, p < 0.001) and lower Very Low Frequency Power (VLF, p = 0.003) at inclusion compared to patients without complications. Patients who developed pneumonia had at the inclusion lower root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD, p = 0.044). Patients with a history of coronary heart disease (n = 41) showed a mortality of 7%. Mortality in this group was associated with standard deviation of beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN, p = 0.006), Total Power (TP, p = 0.009), HF (p = 0.026), and Low Frequency Power (LF, p = 0.012). Beta-blocker intake was associated with lower heart rate, but not with differences in HRV parameters. Conclusion: In this exploratory study, we present for the first-time significant associations between different preoperative HRV parameters and stroke, myocardial infarction, and pneumonia during a 6-month period after hip fracture. HRV might be a simple and effective tool to identify patients at risk that would warrant better follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Ernst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kongsberg Hospital, Kongsberg, Norway.,Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frede Frihagen
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeier Bruun Wyller
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Dominik
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) University of Applied Sciences, Kompetenzzentrum für Informationstechnologie (KITE), Giessen, Germany
| | - Morten Rostrup
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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You S, Wang Y, Lu Z, Chu D, Han Q, Xu J, Liu CF, Cao Y, Zhong C. Dynamic change of heart rate in the acute phase and clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage: a cohort study. J Intensive Care 2021; 9:28. [PMID: 33736711 PMCID: PMC7971394 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-021-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic change of heart rate in the acute phase and clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the associations of heart rate trajectories and variability with functional outcome and mortality in patients with acute ICH. METHODS This prospective study was conducted among 332 patients with acute ICH. Latent mixture modeling was used to identify heart rate trajectories during the first 72 h of hospitalization after ICH onset. Mean and coefficient of variation of heart rate measurements were calculated. The study outcomes included unfavorable functional outcome, ordinal shift of modified Rankin Scale score, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS We identified 3 distinct heart rate trajectory patterns (persistent-high, moderate-stable, and low-stable). During 3-month follow-up, 103 (31.0%) patients had unfavorable functional outcome and 46 (13.9%) patients died. In multivariable-adjusted model, compared with patients in low-stable trajectory, patients in persistent-high trajectory had the highest odds of poor functional outcome (odds ratio 15.06, 95% CI 3.67-61.78). Higher mean and coefficient of variation of heart rate were also associated with increased risk of unfavorable functional outcome (P trend < 0.05), and the corresponding odds ratios (95% CI) comparing two extreme tertiles were 4.69 (2.04-10.75) and 2.43 (1.09-5.39), respectively. Likewise, similar prognostic effects of heart rate dynamic changes on high modified Rankin Scale score and all-cause mortality were observed. CONCLUSIONS Persistently high heart rate and higher variability in the acute phase were associated with increased risk of unfavorable functional outcome in patients with acute ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiang You
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yupin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zian Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Chu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Xuan Cheng City, Xuancheng, China
| | - Qiao Han
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.,Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China. .,Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Jimenez-Ruiz A, Racosta JM, Kimpinski K, Hilz MJ, Sposato LA. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction after stroke. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1751-1758. [PMID: 33687612 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Strokes are the paradigmatic example of the sudden impairment of the cerebral regulation of cardiac autonomic regulation. Although several aspects of dysautonomic cardiovascular regulation post stroke remain unanswered, there has been a wealth of research in this area in the last decade. In this article, we present a state-of-the-art review on the anatomical and functional organization of cardiovascular autonomic regulation, and the pathophysiology, incidence, time course, diagnosis, clinical aspects, prognosis, and management of post-stroke cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M Racosta
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kurt Kimpinski
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Max J Hilz
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luciano A Sposato
- Heart & Brain Laboratory, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Stengl H, Ganeshan R, Hellwig S, Blaszczyk E, Fiebach JB, Nolte CH, Bauer A, Schulz-Menger J, Endres M, Scheitz JF. Cardiomyocyte Injury Following Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e24186. [PMID: 33544087 PMCID: PMC7895641 DOI: 10.2196/24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated cardiac troponin, which indicates cardiomyocyte injury, is common after acute ischemic stroke and is associated with poor functional outcome. Myocardial injury is part of a broad spectrum of cardiac complications that may occur after acute ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that in most patients, the underlying mechanism of stroke-associated myocardial injury may not be a concomitant acute coronary syndrome. Evidence from animal research and clinical and neuroimaging studies suggest that functional and structural alterations in the central autonomic network leading to stress-mediated neurocardiogenic injury may be a key underlying mechanism (ie, stroke-heart syndrome). However, the exact pathophysiological cascade remains unclear, and the diagnostic and therapeutic implications are unknown. Objective The aim of this CORONA-IS (Cardiomyocyte injury following Acute Ischemic Stroke) study is to quantify autonomic dysfunction and to decipher downstream cardiac mechanisms leading to myocardial injury after acute ischemic stroke. Methods In this prospective, observational, single-center cohort study, 300 patients with acute ischemic stroke, confirmed via cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and presenting within 48 hours of symptom onset, will be recruited during in-hospital stay. On the basis of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin levels and corresponding to the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction, 3 groups are defined (ie, no myocardial injury [no cardiac troponin elevation], chronic myocardial injury [stable elevation], and acute myocardial injury [dynamic rise/fall pattern]). Each group will include approximately 100 patients. Study patients will receive routine diagnostic care. In addition, they will receive 3 Tesla cardiovascular MRI and transthoracic echocardiography within 5 days of symptom onset to provide myocardial tissue characterization and assess cardiac function, 20-min high-resolution electrocardiogram for analysis of cardiac autonomic function, and extensive biobanking. A follow-up for cardiovascular events will be conducted 3 and 12 months after inclusion. Results After a 4-month pilot phase, recruitment began in April 2019. We estimate a recruitment period of approximately 3 years to include 300 patients with a complete cardiovascular MRI protocol. Conclusions Stroke-associated myocardial injury is a common and relevant complication. Our study has the potential to provide a better mechanistic understanding of heart and brain interactions in the setting of acute stroke. Thus, it is essential to develop algorithms for recognizing patients at risk and to refine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03892226; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03892226. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24186
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stengl
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramanan Ganeshan
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Hellwig
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Blaszczyk
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Joint Cooperation Between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, and HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen B Fiebach
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Bauer
- Working group on biosignal analysis, department of Cardiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Joint Cooperation Between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, and HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Excellence Cluster NeuroCure, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Scheitz
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Buitrago-Ricaurte N, Cintra F, Silva GS. Heart rate variability as an autonomic biomarker in ischemic stroke. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 78:724-732. [PMID: 33331466 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Autonomic dysfunction after ischemic stroke is frequently associated with cardiac complications and high mortality. The brain-heart axis is a good model for understanding autonomic interaction between the autonomic central network and the cardiovascular system. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a non-invasive approach for understanding cardiac autonomic regulation. In stroke patients, HRV parameters are altered in the acute and chronic stages of the disease, having a prognostic value. In this literature review we summarize the main concepts about the autonomic nervous system and HRV as autonomic biomarkers in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fátima Cintra
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Cardiology, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Sampaio Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Neurology, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Núñez I, Pontes RB, Romero F, Campos RR. Effects of physical exercise on baroreflex sensitivity and renal sympathetic nerve activity in chronic nicotine-treated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:786-794. [PMID: 33290163 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic nicotine exposure may increase cardiovascular risk by impairing the cardiac autonomic function. Besides, physical exercise (PE) has shown to improve cardiovascular health. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of PE on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV), and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in chronically nicotine-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to four independent groups: Control (treated with saline solution), Control+Ex (treated with saline and submitted to treadmill training), Nicotine (treated with Nicotine), and Nicotine+Ex (treated with nicotine and submitted to treadmill training). Nicotine (1 mg·kg-1) was administered daily for 28 consecutive days. PE consisted of running exercise (60%-70% of maximal aerobic capacity) for 45 min, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. At the end of the protocol, cardiac BRS, HRV, renal SNA (rSNA), and renal BRS were assessed. Nicotine treatment decreased absolute values of HRV indexes, increased low frequency/high frequency ratio of HRV, reduced the bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory baroreceptor reflex responses, and reduced the rSNA. PE effectively restored time-domain HRV indexes, the bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory reflex responses, and the rSNA in chronic nicotine-treated rats. PE was effective in preventing the deterioration of time-domain parameters of HRV, arterial baroreceptor dysfunction, and the rSNA after nicotine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rodríguez-Núñez
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto B Pontes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Romero
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco. Chile
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Yang L, Zhao Y, Qiao B, Wang Y, Zhang L, Cui T, Fu P. Heart Rate Variability and Prognosis in Hemodialysis Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Blood Purif 2020; 50:298-308. [PMID: 33291108 DOI: 10.1159/000511723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) means the variation in time of beat-to-beat interval. Lower HRV has been shown to be related with death and cardiovascular events in previous studies. In the last few years, the number of patients with ESRD has increased steadily. Maintenance hemodialysis is the most prevalent renal replacement therapy in patients with ESRD. This study aims to investigate if decreased HRV is an independent predictor of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. METHODS Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, Ovid, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched up to October 1, 2019, for full-text articles in English. Cohort studies reporting the association between HRV and prognosis in hemodialysis patients were selected. Data extraction was performed by 2 reviewers independently, with adjudication by a third reviewer. Extracted data included the study characteristics, HRV measurement and research outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled in a random-effects model for outcomes of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Heterogeneity assessment, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 7 studies were eligible. HRV metrics consist of SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, pNN50, HRVTI, ULF, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio, HRT, DC, and scaling exponents α1 and α2. Decreased HRV was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.11-2.39, p = 0.014) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.15, p = 0.045). Among the different HRV metrics, decreased SDANN (p < 0.001) and decreased LF/HF ratio (p = 0.001) were identified as predictors of all-cause death. Decreased SDNN, SDANN, and LF/HF ratio were identified as predictors of cardiovascular death (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, and p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Decreased HRV is associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in the hemodialysis population. Decreased SDANN and LF/HF were identified as predictors of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, while the utility of other HRV metrics requires further investigation. The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019141886).
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Baiyu Qiao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louis A Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianlei Cui
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sykora M, Szabo J, Siarnik P, Turcani P, Krebs S, Lang W, Czosnyka M, Smielewski P. Heart rate entropy is associated with mortality after intracereberal hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Larson M, Chantigian DP, Asirvatham-Jeyaraj N, Van de Winckel A, Keller-Ross ML. Slow-Paced Breathing and Autonomic Function in People Post-stroke. Front Physiol 2020; 11:573325. [PMID: 33192570 PMCID: PMC7662434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.573325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine if acute slow breathing at 6 breaths/min would improve baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV), and lower blood pressure (BP) in adults after stroke. Methods: Twelve individuals completed two randomized study visits where they performed a 15-min bout of breathing exercises at 6 breaths/min (slow) and at 12 breaths/min (control). Continuous BP and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout, and BRS, BRS response to elevations in blood pressure (BRSup), BRS response to depressions in blood pressure (BRSdown), and HRV were calculated and analyzed before (pre), during, and after (post) breathing exercises. Results: BRS increased from pre to post slow breathing by 10% (p = 0.012), whereas BRSup increased from pre to during slow breathing by 30% (p = 0.04). BRSdown increased from pre to post breathing for both breathing conditions (p < 0.05). HR (control: Δ - 4 ± 4; slow: Δ - 3 ± 4 beats/min, time, p < 0.01) and systolic BP (control: Δ - 0.5 ± 5; slow: Δ - 6.3 ± 8 mmHg, time, p < 0.01) decreased after both breathing conditions. Total power, low frequency power, and standard deviation of normal inter-beat intervals (SDNN) increased during the 6-breaths/min condition (condition × time, p < 0.001), whereas high frequency increased during both breathing conditions (time effect, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in people post-stroke, slow breathing may increase BRS, particularly BRSup, more than a typical breathing space; however, paced breathing at either a slow or typical breathing rate appears to be beneficial for acutely decreasing systolic BP and HR and increasing HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Larson
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel P. Chantigian
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ann Van de Winckel
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Manda L. Keller-Ross
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Block L, El‐Merhi A, Liljencrantz J, Naredi S, Staron M, Odenstedt Hergès H. Cerebral ischemia detection using artificial intelligence (CIDAI)-A study protocol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2020; 64:1335-1342. [PMID: 32533722 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of cerebral ischemia is difficult to predict in patients with altered consciousness using the methods available. We hypothesize that changes in Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), and Electroencephalography (EEG) correlated with clinical data and processed by artificial intelligence (AI) can indicate the development of imminent cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. This study aimed to develop a method that enables detection of imminent cerebral ischemia in unconscious patients, noninvasively and with the support of AI. METHODS This prospective observational study will include patients undergoing elective surgery for carotid endarterectomy and patients undergoing acute endovascular embolectomy for cerebral arterial embolism. HRV, NIRS, and EEG measurements and clinical information on patient status will be collected and processed using machine learning. The study will take place at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Inclusion will start in September 2020, and patients will be included until a robust model can be constructed. By analyzing changes in HRV, EEG, and NIRS measurements in conjunction with cerebral ischemia or cerebral reperfusion, it should be possible to train artificial neural networks to detect patterns of impending cerebral ischemia. The analysis will be performed using machine learning with long short-term memory artificial neural networks combined with convolutional layers to identify patterns consistent with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. DISCUSSION Early signs of cerebral ischemia could be detected more rapidly by identifying patterns in integrated, continuously collected physiological data processed by AI. Clinicians could then be alerted, and appropriate actions could be taken to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Block
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ali El‐Merhi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jaquette Liljencrantz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Silvana Naredi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Miroslaw Staron
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Helena Odenstedt Hergès
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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Bjerkne Wenneberg S, Löwhagen Hendén PM, Oras J, Naredi S, Block L, Ljungqvist J, Odenstedt Hergès H. Heart rate variability monitoring for the detection of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2020; 64:945-952. [PMID: 32236937 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major cause of impaired outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage (aSAH). In this observational cohort study we investigated whether changes in heart rate variability (HRV) that precede DCI could be detected. METHODS Sixty-four patients with aSAH were included. HRV data were collected for up to 10 days and analyzed offline. Correlation with clinical status and/or radiologic findings was investigated. A linear mixed model was used for the evaluation of HRV parameters over time in patients with and without DCI. Extended Glasgow outcome scale score was assessed after 1 year. RESULTS In 55 patients HRV data could be analyzed. Fifteen patients developed DCI. No changes in HRV parameters were observed 24 hours before onset of DCI. Mean of the HRV parameters in the first 48 hours did not correlate with the development of DCI. Low/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio increased more in patients developing DCI (β -0.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.01); P = .012). Lower STDRR (standard deviation of RR intervals), RMSSD (root mean square of the successive differences between adjacent RR intervals), and total power (P = .003, P = .007 and P = .004 respectively) in the first 48 hours were seen in patients who died within 1 year. CONCLUSION Impaired HRV correlated with 1-year mortality and LF/HF ratio increased more in patients developing DCI. Even though DCI could not be detected by the intermittent analysis of HRV used in this study, continuous HRV monitoring may have potential in the detection of DCI after aSAH using different methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bjerkne Wenneberg
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Region VästraGötaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Pia M. Löwhagen Hendén
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Region VästraGötaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jonatan Oras
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Region VästraGötaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Silvana Naredi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Region VästraGötaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Linda Block
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Region VästraGötaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Johan Ljungqvist
- Department of Neurosurgery Region VästraGötaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Helena Odenstedt Hergès
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Region VästraGötaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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Cerebral macro- and microcirculatory blood flow dynamics in successfully treated chronic hypertensive patients with and without white mater lesions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9213. [PMID: 32514031 PMCID: PMC7280202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of high blood pressure (HBP) -related brain pathology progression remain relatively unclear. We investigated whether lowering BP in chronic HBP patients normalizes cerebral perfusion dynamics at resistance vessel and capillary levels. Sixty-seven patients with HBP and 49 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent simultaneous recordings of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV), BP, and end-tidal CO2 concentration. Thirty-four controls and 28 patients underwent additional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings (oxygenated [O2Hb] and deoxygenated [HHb] hemoglobin). Degree of microcirculatory white matter lesions was graded by Fazekas scale. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) was assessed by transfer function analysis. BP was successfully lowered (patients = 89 ± 15 mm Hg, controls = 87 ± 17), but cerebrovascular resistance was higher in BP patients (p < 0.05). BP-CBFV phase was lower in very low frequency (VLF) (left/right: 48 ± 20°/44 ± 17; controls: 61 ± 20/60 ± 21; p < 0.001) and low frequency (LF) (34 ± 14/35 ± 14; controls: 48 ± 20/44 ± 17; p < 0.05) ranges. Gain was higher in VLF range (in %/ mm Hg 0.56 ± 0.44/0.59 ± 0.49; controls: 0.32 ± 0.29/0.34 ± 0.32; p ≤ 0.005). BP-CBFV phase and gain did not differ across Fazekas groups. Across all patients, the capillary phases and gains (CBFV-[O2Hb], CBFV-[HHb]) were comparable to controls. Successfully treated chronic HBP results in normal brain capillary hemodynamics while the resistance vessel state is disturbed (phase decrease, gain increase).
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Abstract
Objective: Whether cerebrovascular regulation is different in patients with controlled high blood pressure (HBP) with and without small vessel disease (SVD). Methods: Sixty-seven healthy controls (mean age ± SD, 45 ± 16 years; 30 women, 37 men) and 40 patients (mean age, 64 ± 13 years; 14 women, 26 men) with HBP and different stages of SVD, underwent simultaneous recordings of the spontaneous fluctuations of BP, blood flow velocity (CBFV) in both middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2). Coherence and transfer function gain and phase between BP and CBFV were assessed in the frequency ranges of VLF (0.02–0.07 Hz), low frequency (0.07–0.15), and high frequency (>0.15). BP SD indicated BP variability (BPV). Results: In controls (BP, 86 ± 13 mmHg; ETCO2, 39 ± 4 mmHg; BPV, 15 ± 6 mmHg), gain, phase and coherence were not age-dependent in simple or a multiple regression models. BPV correlated significantly in both MCAs with gain in low frequency and high frequency, and with phase in VLF and high frequency. In patients (BP, 91 ± 16 mmHg, ETCO2, 39 ± 4 mmHg, BPV 18 ± 5 mmHg), only gain showed some differences between different SVD groups. Comparing all patients with 25 controls of similar age and sex, patients exhibited significantly (P < 0.05–P < 0.005): increased coherence and gain in VLF, decreased phase in VLF and low frequency, correlations between BPV with phase in low frequency (left) and with gain in VLF (left) and in high frequency (left and right). Conclusion: Phase seems an age independent autoregulatory index. In controlled HBP, CBF regulation is degraded at longlasting CBF changes; BPV effects lose their physiological bilateral distribution.
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The link between elevated long-term resting heart rate and SBP variability for all-cause mortality. J Hypertens 2020; 37:84-91. [PMID: 30005029 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting heart rate (RHR) and SBP are important risk markers for all-cause mortality. However, the link between increased RHR and SBP for all causes of death remained unclear. We investigated the link between an increased visit-to-visit variation of RHR and SBP for risk of all-cause mortality in the general population. METHODS We examined long-term visit-to-visit variation of RHR and blood pressure among 46 751 residents of Tangshan city, China (mean age: 52.58 ± 11.64 years; 78% men). Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusting for clinical characteristics assessed at the last examination (2010-2011). RESULTS A total of 1667 deaths were recorded over 4.97 ± 0.69 years follow-up. A rise in 1 SD of heart rate (4 bpm) was associated with an increased risk of death among the participants in third and fourth quartile of SBP-SD in the subgroups of general population [hazard ratio (95% CI) = 1.10 (1.03-1.67) and 1.16 (1.03-1.30), respectively], men [hazard ratio (95% CI) = 1.10 (1.02-1.17) and 1.16 (1.03-1.30), respectively], and participants under 65 years of age [hazard ratio (95% CI) = 1.16 (1.02-1.33) and 1.20 (1.03-1.39), respectively]. Similarly, 1-SD increase of SBP (7 mmHg) was associated with an increased risk of death among the participants in the highest quartiles of RHR-SD in the subgroups of the general population, men, and under 65 years of age. CONCLUSION An elevated long-term SBP variability combined with an increased RHR variability or vice versa may amplify the risk of all-cause mortality in general population, as well as in men and middle-age group.
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Swor DE, Thomas LF, Maas MB, Grimaldi D, Manno EM, Sorond FA, Batra A, Kim M, Prabhakaran S, Naidech AM, Liotta EM. Admission Heart Rate Variability is Associated with Fever Development in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2020; 30:244-250. [PMID: 30756320 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fever is associated with worse outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Autonomic dysfunction, commonly seen after brain injury, results in reduced heart rate variability (HRV). We sought to investigate whether HRV was associated with the development of fever in patients with ICH. METHODS We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH in a single-center observational study. We included patients who presented directly to our emergency department after symptom onset, had a 10-second electrocardiogram (EKG) performed within 24 h of admission, and were in sinus rhythm. Patient temperature was recorded every 1-4 h. We defined being febrile as having a temperature of ≥ 38 °C within the first 14 days, and fever burden as the number of febrile days. HRV was defined by the standard deviation of the R-R interval (SDNN) measured on the admission EKG. Univariate associations were determined by Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U, or Spearman's rho correlation tests. Variables associated with fever at p ≤ 0.2 were entered in a logistic regression model of being febrile within 14 days. RESULTS There were 248 patients (median age 63 [54-74] years, 125 [50.4%] female, median ICH Score 1 [0-2]) who met the inclusion criteria. Febrile patients had lower HRV (median SDNN: 1.72 [1.08-3.60] vs. 2.55 [1.58-5.72] msec, p = 0.001). Lower HRV was associated with more febrile days (R = - 0.22, p < 0.001). After adjustment, lower HRV was independently associated with greater odds of fever occurrence (OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.87-0.97] with each msec increase in SDNN, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS HRV measured on 10-second EKGs is a potential early marker of parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction and is associated with subsequent fever occurrence after ICH. Detecting early parasympathetic dysfunction may afford opportunities to improve ICH outcome by targeting therapies at fever prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne E Swor
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Leena F Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Matthew B Maas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Edward M Manno
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Ayush Batra
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | | | | | - Eric M Liotta
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
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Sun Y, Miller MM, Yaghi S, Silver B, Henninger N. Association of Baseline Cardiac Troponin With Acute Myocardial Infarction in Stroke Patients Presenting Within 4.5 Hours. Stroke 2020; 51:108-114. [PMID: 31795903 PMCID: PMC6928425 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- American Heart Association guidelines recommend obtaining baseline troponin in all patients with acute ischemic stroke. Yet, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of baseline troponin elevation and specifically its diagnostic yield for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients presenting within the time window for thrombolysis. Methods- We retrospectively analyzed 1072 consecutive patients admitted for acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, who presented within 4.5 hours of last known well (LKW). Patients who had baseline cardiac troponin I (bcTnI) obtained within 72 hours from LKW (n=525) were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine factors independently related to an elevated bcTnI (>0.04 ng/mL). We calculated the area under receiver operator curves, sensitivity, and specificity, to determine the diagnostic accuracy of (i) the bcTnI for AMI stratified by the time to assessment and (ii) the best time cutoff for obtaining bcTnI. Results- Among included subjects, the median time from LKW to the bcTnI was 3.8 hours and 113 (21.5%) subjects had an elevated bcTnI. Assessment of bcTnI within 4.5 hours from LKW was significantly more often associated with normal values as compared to assessment between 4.5 and 72 hours (61.7% versus 38.3%; P=0.001). Fifteen (2.9%) patients were diagnosed with AMI. After adjustment for pertinent confounders, time to bcTnI assessment was independently associated with AMI (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.07] P=0.001). When stratified by time, bcTnI assessed within 4.5 hours had a sensitivity of 25% and specificity of 83.7% for AMI, whereas bcTnI assessment between 4.5 and 72 hours was associated with a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 74.8%. Conclusions- Assessment of bcTnI after 4.5 hours from LKW was associated with greater diagnostic accuracy than testing within 4.5 hours. This information may inform routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - MaŁgorzata M. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, New York Langone Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Brian Silver
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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He L, Wang J, Zhang L, Wang F, Dong W, Yang H. Admission Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With Poststroke Depression in Patients With Acute Mild-Moderate Ischemic Stroke. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:696. [PMID: 32765326 PMCID: PMC7378320 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke has been shown to cause cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Depression is common complication after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether decreased heart rate variability (HRV) was related to poststroke depression (PSD) in patients with mild-moderate AIS. METHODS In this study, we assessed autonomic function of ischemic stroke patients within 72 h from symptom onset by fractal dimension (FD). 503 patients (mean age 65.93 ± 10.19) with mild-moderate AIS underwent FD test after admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed using 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline (within 7 days) and 3 months. Depression were defined if HDRS >6 points. According to the data of FD, we investigated association with early-onset PSD status and 3-month PSD. RESULTS 59.24% (293/503) of patients had early-onset PSD status at baseline, and 38.66% (184/476) of patients had PSD at 3 months. ROC curve analysis shown that the optimal cut point of FD for early-onset PSD status and 3-month PSD were FD ≤ 1.27 and FD ≤ 1.19, respectively. In fully adjusted models, higher NIHSS [adjusted odd ratios (OR), 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.27; P=0.005], younger age (adjusted OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; P=0.046), and FD ≤ 1.27 (adjusted OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.23-4.92; P<0.001) were associated with increased risk of early-onset PSD status. Higher NIHSS (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.43; P<0.001) and FD ≤ 1.19 (adjusted OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.79-4.03; P=0.000) were associated with increased risk of 3-month PSD. CONCLUSIONS PSD is common after mild-moderate AIS and is highly correlated with decreased HRV, FD could serve as an objective tool to help in prediction of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanying He
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu College, Nuclear Industry, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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50
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Verma AK, Aarotale PN, Dehkordi P, Lou JS, Tavakolian K. Relationship between Ischemic Stroke and Pulse Rate Variability as a Surrogate of Heart Rate Variability. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E162. [PMID: 31295816 PMCID: PMC6680838 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9070162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic reflex ascertains cardiovascular homeostasis during standing. Impaired autonomic reflex could lead to dizziness and falls while standing; this is prevalent in stroke survivors. Pulse rate variability (PRV) has been utilized in the literature in lieu of heart rate variability (HRV) for ambulatory and portable monitoring of autonomic reflex predominantly in young, healthy individuals. Here, we compared the PRV with gold standard HRV for monitoring autonomic reflex in ischemic stroke survivors. Continuous blood pressure and electrocardiography were acquired from ischemic stroke survivors (64 ± 1 years) and age-matched controls (65 ± 2 years) during a 10-minute sit-to-stand test. Beat-by-beat heart period (represented by RR and peak-to-peak (PP) intervals), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse arrival time (PAT), an indicator of arterial stiffness, were derived. Time and frequency domain HRV (from RR intervals) and PRV (from PP intervals) metrics were extracted. PAT was lower (248 ± 7 ms vs. 270 ± 8 ms, p < 0.05) suggesting higher arterial stiffness in stroke survivors compared to controls during standing. Further, compared to controls, the agreement between HRV and PRV was impaired in stroke survivors while standing. The study outcomes suggest that caution should be exercised when considering PRV as a surrogate of HRV for monitoring autonomic cardiovascular control while standing in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Verma
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Parshuram N Aarotale
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Parastoo Dehkordi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jau-Shin Lou
- Sanford Brain and Spine Center, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Kouhyar Tavakolian
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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