1
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Liu Y, Xie B, Chen Q. RAS signaling and immune cells: a sinister crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:595. [PMID: 37670322 PMCID: PMC10481548 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat sarcoma virus (RAS) gene is the most commonly mutated oncogene in cancer, with about 19% of cancer patients carrying RAS mutations. Studies on the interaction between RAS mutation and tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) have been flourishing in recent years. More and more evidence has proved that RAS signals regulate immune cells' recruitment, activation, and differentiation while assisting tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. This review concluded the direct and indirect treatment strategies for RAS mutations. In addition, we updated the underlying mechanisms by which RAS signaling modulated immune infiltration and immune escape. Finally, we discussed advances in RAS-targeted immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies, with a particular focus on combination strategies with personalized therapy and great potential to achieve lasting clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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2
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Cortellino S, Longo VD. Metabolites and Immune Response in Tumor Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3898. [PMID: 37568713 PMCID: PMC10417674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeled cancer cell metabolism affects the tumor microenvironment and promotes an immunosuppressive state by changing the levels of macro- and micronutrients and by releasing hormones and cytokines that recruit immunosuppressive immune cells. Novel dietary interventions such as amino acid restriction and periodic fasting mimicking diets can prevent or dampen the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment by acting systemically on the release of hormones and growth factors, inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and remodeling the tumor vasculature and extracellular matrix. Here, we discuss the latest research on the effects of these therapeutic interventions on immunometabolism and tumor immune response and future scenarios pertaining to how dietary interventions could contribute to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Valter D. Longo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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3
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MaruYama T, Miyazaki H, Lim YJ, Gu J, Ishikawa M, Yoshida T, Chen W, Owada Y, Shibata H. Pyrolyzed deketene curcumin controls regulatory T cell generation and gastric cancer metabolism cooperate with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1049713. [PMID: 36814928 PMCID: PMC9939626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1049713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrolyzed deketene curcumin GO-Y022 prevents carcinogenesis in a gastric cancer mouse model. However, it is still less clear if GO-Y022 affects tumor-induced immune suppression. In this study, we found that GO-Y022 inhibited Treg generation in the presence of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β). However, GO-Y022 showed less impact on Foxp3+ Tregs in the gastric tumor microenvironment. Gastric tumor cells produce a large amount of L-lactate in the presence of GO-Y022 and diminish the inhibitory role of GO-Y022 against Treg generation in response to TGF-β. Therefore, naïve CD4+ T cells co-cultured with GO-Y022 treated gastric tumor cells increased Treg generation. GO-Y022-induced tumor cell death was further enhanced by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), a glycolysis inhibitor. Combination treatment of GO-Y022 and 2DG results in reduced L-lactate production and Treg generation in gastric tumor cells. Overall, GO-Y022-treatment with restricted glucose metabolism inhibits gastric tumor cell survival and promotes anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi MaruYama
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yun-Ji Lim
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taichi Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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4
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Wang J, Liu T, Huang T, Shang M, Wang X. The mechanisms on evasion of anti-tumor immune responses in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943806. [PMID: 36439472 PMCID: PMC9686275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the tumor have been at each other's throats for so long that the neoplasm has learned to avoid detection and avoid being attacked, which is called immune evasion. Malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer (GC), share the ability to evade the body's immune system as a defining feature. Immune evasion includes alterations to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), antigen presentation mechanisms (APMs), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). While TAA and APM are simpler in nature, they both involve mutations or epigenetic regulation of genes. The TME is comprised of numerous cell types, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix, any one of which might be altered to have an effect on the surrounding ecosystem. The NF-kB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hippo and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways are all associated with gastric cancer tumor immune evasion. In this review, we will delineate the functions of these pathways in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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5
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Combined Effects of Doxorubicin, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, and Cold-Plasma-Treated Hanks Solution on the Production of Transforming Growth Factor β in Human Mononuclear Leukocytes. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Bozzini S, Del Fante C, Morosini M, Berezhinskiy HO, Auner S, Cattaneo E, Della Zoppa M, Pandolfi L, Cacciatore R, Perotti C, Hoetzenecker K, Jaksch P, Benazzo A, Meloni F. Mechanisms of Action of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in the Control of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS): Involvement of Circulating miRNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071117. [PMID: 35406680 PMCID: PMC8997705 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests an improvement or stabilization of lung function in a fraction of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) treated by extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP); however, few studies have explored the epigenetic and molecular regulation of this therapy. The aim of present study was to evaluate whether a specific set of miRNAs were significantly regulated by ECP. Total RNA was isolated from serum of patients with established BOS grade 1–2 prior to the start and after 6 months of ECP treatment. We observed a significant downregulation of circulating hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-31-5p in BOS patients at the start of ECP when compared to healthy subjects. In responders, increased miR-155-5p and decreased miR-23b-3p expression levels at 6 months were found. SMAD4 mRNA was found to be a common target of these two miRNAs in prediction pathways analysis, and a significant downregulation was found at 6 months in PBMCs of a subgroup of ECP-treated patients. According to previous evidence, the upregulation of miR-155 might be correlated with a pro-tolerogenic modulation of the immune system. Our analysis also suggests that SMAD4 might be a possible target for miR-155-5p. Further longitudinal studies are needed to address the possible role of miR-155 and its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bozzini
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-501-001
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Monica Morosini
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Hatice Oya Berezhinskiy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Sophia Auner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Matteo Della Zoppa
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Rosalia Cacciatore
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Meloni
- UOS Transplant Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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7
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Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111879. [PMID: 34834295 PMCID: PMC8619417 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death. This review discusses the impact of NSCLC therapy strategies based on a meta-analysis of clinical studies. In addition, possible therapeutic strategies for repression when standard methods fail, such as the administration of low-toxicity natural anticancer agents targeting these phenomena (curcumin and flavonoids), are also discussed. These strategies are presented in the context of key mechanisms of tumour biology with a strong influence on CTC spread and metastasis (mechanisms related to tumour-associated and -infiltrating cells, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and migration of cancer cells).
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8
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Ziogas DC, Mandellos D, Theocharopoulos C, Lialios PP, Bouros S, Ascierto PA, Gogas H. Neuromuscular Complications of Targeted Anticancer Agents: Can Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induce Myasthenia Gravis? Getting Answers From a Case Report up to a Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:727010. [PMID: 34722270 PMCID: PMC8554100 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.727010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have received hematological or oncological indications over the past 20 years, following the approval of imatinib, and many others are currently being tested in clinical and preclinical level. Beyond their common toxicities, no certain agent from this large class of molecularly targeted therapies was strongly associated with “off-target” impairment of neuromuscular transmission, and although myasthenia gravis (MG) is a well-characterized autoimmune disorder, only few sporadic events proven by serologically detected causative autoantibodies and/or by positive electrophysiological tests are reported in the literature. Herein, we present the first case of anti-MUSK (+) MG in a woman with metastatic BRAF-mutant melanoma after long-term treatment with dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor). Triggered by this report, a systematic literature review was conducted, summarizing all other cancer cases that developed MG, after exposure to any type of targeted agent and regardless of the underlying malignancy. All available data on the clinical diagnosis, the potential of administered TKIs to induce a seropositive myasthenic syndrome, the immune and non-immune-mediated pathogenesis of postsynaptic damage, and the challenging management of this neuromuscular toxicity were collected and discussed. In the presented case, MG was confirmed by both autoantibodies and nerve-conduction tests, while its reactivation after TKIs rechallenge supports a more than coincidental association. The following review identified 12 cancer cases with TKI-related MG in six case reports and one case series. In most of them, the myasthenia diagnosis was challenging, since the clinical symptomatology of fatigable weakness was not corroborating with consistent laboratory and electrophysiological findings. In fact, anti-AchR titers were positive in five and anti-MuSK only in the abovementioned individual. The symptomatology corresponded to TKI discontinuation and standard treatment with pyridostigmine and prednisolone; intravenous immunoglobulin was added only in three, and two required mechanical ventilation. In an era where TKIs will be prescribed more frequently for various malignancies, even in combinations with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, this report synthesizes their risk for neuromuscular complications and increases the clinicians’ awareness in order to extend the on-treatment and overall survival of TKI-treated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ziogas
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Charalampos Theocharopoulos
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis-Petros Lialios
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Bouros
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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9
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Paul S, Sa G. Curcumin as an Adjuvant to Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675923. [PMID: 34485117 PMCID: PMC8415504 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The components of the immune system play a very sincere and crucial role in combating tumors. However, despite their firm efforts of elimination, tumor cells cleverly escape the surveillance process by adopting several immune evasion mechanisms. The conversion of immunogenicity of tumor microenvironment into tolerogenic is considered as a prime reason for tumor immune escape. Therapeutically, different immunotherapies have been adopted to block such immune escaping routes along with better clinical outcomes. Still, the therapies are haunted by several drawbacks. Over time, curcumin has been considered as a potential anti-cancer molecule. Its potentialities have been recorded against the standard hallmarks of cancer such as continuous proliferation, escaping apoptosis, continuous angiogenesis, insensitivity to growth inhibitors, tissue invasion, and metastasis. Hence, the diversity of curcumin functioning has already been established and exploration of its application with immunotherapies might open up a new avenue for scientists and clinicians. In this review, we briefly discuss the tumor’s way of immune escaping, followed by various modern immunotherapies that have been used to encounter the escaping paths and their minute flaws. Finally, the conclusion has been drawn with the application of curcumin as a potential immune-adjuvant, which fearlessly could be used with immunotherapies for best outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpita Paul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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10
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Kajal K, Bose S, Panda AK, Chakraborty D, Chakraborty S, Pati S, Sarkar T, Dhar S, Roy D, Saha S, Sa G. Transcriptional regulation of VEGFA expression in T-regulatory cells from breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1877-1891. [PMID: 33394094 PMCID: PMC10991595 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of new blood vessel formation (neo-angiogenesis) is one of the primary requirements for the establishment of tumor. As the tumor grows beyond a certain size, a hypoxic-condition arises in the inner core of tumor, triggering the release of chemokines, which attract T-regulatory (Treg) cells in the tumor-site. The presence of FOXP3, a lineage-specific transcription factor, expressing Treg cells in various types of tumor implements immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting strategies. One such strategy is the invitation of endothelial cells for neo-vascularization in the tumor site. Here we report that as the disease progresses, Treg cells from breast cancer patients are capable of secreting high-amount of VEGFA. The VEGFA promoter lacks Treg-specific transcription factor FOXP3 binding site. FOXP3 in association with locus-specific transcription factor STAT3 binds to VEGFA promoter to induce its transcription in Treg cells obtained from breast cancer patients. Treg cell-secreted VEGFA induces neo-angiogenesis from endothelial cells under in-vitro conditions. Targeting Tregs in mice with breast tumor reduces tumor growth as well as the level of neo-angiogenesis in the tumor tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Prognosis
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Kajal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Sayantan Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Abir K Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Dwaipayan Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Subhadip Pati
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Tania Sarkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Subhanki Dhar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Dia Roy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Shilpi Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India.
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11
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MaruYama T, Kobayashi S, Nakatsukasa H, Moritoki Y, Taguchi D, Sunagawa Y, Morimoto T, Asao A, Jin W, Owada Y, Ishii N, Iwabuchi Y, Yoshimura A, Chen W, Shibata H. The Curcumin Analog GO-Y030 Controls the Generation and Stability of Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687669. [PMID: 34248973 PMCID: PMC8261301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in preventing antitumor immune responses in cancer tissues. Cancer tissues produce large amounts of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which promotes the generation of Foxp3+ Tregs from naïve CD4+ T cells in the local tumor microenvironment. TGF-β activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p300 and SMAD signaling, which increases the number of acetylated histones at the Foxp3 locus and induces Foxp3 gene expression. TGF-β also helps stabilize Foxp3 expression. The curcumin analog and antitumor agent, GO-Y030, prevented the TGF-β-induced generation of Tregs by preventing p300 from accelerating NF-κB-induced Foxp3 expression. Moreover, the addition of GO-Y030 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of acetylated histones at the Foxp3 promoter and at the conserved noncoding sequence 1 regions that are generated in response to TGF-β. In vivo tumor models demonstrated that GO-Y030-treatment prevented tumor growth and reduced the Foxp3+ Tregs population in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Therefore, GO-Y030 exerts a potent anticancer effect by controlling Treg generation and stability.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Curcumin/analogs & derivatives
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi MaruYama
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MS, United States
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Moritoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Daiki Taguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Asao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MS, United States
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutics, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MS, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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12
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Jin J, Li Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Fu S, Wu J. Coordinated regulation of immune contexture: crosstalk between STAT3 and immune cells during breast cancer progression. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:50. [PMID: 33957948 PMCID: PMC8101191 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed the tumor microenvironment (TME) immune cells to functionally affect the development and progression of breast cancer. However, insufficient evidence of TME immune modulators limit the clinical application of immunotherapy for advanced and metastatic breast cancers. Intercellular STAT3 activation of immune cells plays a central role in breast cancer TME immunosuppression and distant metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting STAT3 and/or in combination with radiotherapy may enhance anti-cancer immune responses and rescue the systemic immunologic microenvironment in breast cancer. Indeed, apart from its oncogenic role in tumor cells, the functions of STAT3 in TME of breast cancer involve multiple types of immunosuppression and is associated with tumor cell metastasis. In this review, we summarize the available information on the functions of STAT3-related immune cells in TME of breast cancer, as well as the specific upstream and downstream targets. Additionally, we provide insights about the potential immunosuppression mechanisms of each type of evaluated immune cells. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - JingBo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Lin L, Chen S, Wang H, Gao B, Kallakury B, Bhuvaneshwar K, Cahn K, Gusev Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Marshall JL, Zhi X, He AR. SPTBN1 inhibits inflammatory responses and hepatocarcinogenesis via the stabilization of SOCS1 and downregulation of p65 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:4232-4250. [PMID: 33754058 PMCID: PMC7977457 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), an adapter protein for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, is recognized as a tumor suppressor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this tumor suppression remain obscure. Methods: The effects on expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon the inhibition or impairment of SPTBN1 in HCC cell lines and liver tissues of Sptbn1+/- and wild-type (WT) mice were assessed by analyses of quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting and gene array databases from HCC patients. We investigated the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory responses by immunoprecipitation-Western blotting, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative real time PCR (ChIP-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in liver, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from WT and Sptbn1+/- mice were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Further, the hepatocacinogenesis and its correlation with inflammatory microenvironment by loss of SPTBN1/SOCS1 and induction of p65 were analyzed by treating WT and Sptbn1+/- mice with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). Results: Loss of SPTBN1 in HCC cells upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, and IL-6, and enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activation. Mechanistic analyses revealed that knockdown of SPTBN1 by siRNA downregulated the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), an E3 ligase of p65, and subsequently upregulated p65 accumulation in the nucleus of HCC cells. Restoration of SOCS1 abrogated this SPTBN1 loss-associated elevation of p65 in HCC cells. In human HCC tissues, SPTBN1 gene expression was inversely correlated with gene expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, a decrease in the levels of SPTBN1 gene, as well as an increase in the gene expression of IL-1β or IL-6 predicted shorter relapse free survival in HCC patients, and that HCC patients with low expression of SPTBN1 or SOCS1 protein is associated with poor survival. Heterozygous loss of SPTBN1 (Sptbn1+/-) in mice markedly upregulated hepatic expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6, and elevated the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+Treg) cells in the liver, promoting hepatocarcinogenesis of mouse fed by DDC. Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence that loss of SPTBN1 in HCC cells increases p65 protein stability via the inhibition of SOCS1 and enhances NF-κB activation, stimulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, which are critical molecular mechanisms for the loss of SPTBN1-induced liver cancer formation. Reduced SPTBN1 and SOCS1 predict poor outcome in HCC patients.
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14
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Sarkar T, Dhar S, Sa G. Tumor-infiltrating T-regulatory cells adapt to altered metabolism to promote tumor-immune escape. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:132-141. [PMID: 35492399 PMCID: PMC9040151 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor mass and its microenvironment alter host immune system in various ways to promote tumor growth. One of the modifications is evasion of immune surveillance by augmenting the number of Tregs in tumor vicinity. Elevated levels of Tregs are seen in peripheral circulation and tumor tissue of cancer patients. Cancer cells release several chemokines to attract Tregs in tumor-site. Infiltration of Tregs has clinical significance because being immunosuppressive infiltrating Tregs suppress other immune cells making the tumor microenvironment favorable for tumor growth. On the other hand, infiltrating Tregs show metabolic alteration in tumor microenvironment which allows their selective survival over the others. Persistence of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment and subsequent immunosuppression makes Tregs a potential therapeutic obstacle and the reason behind the failure of immunotherapy. In this review, we emphasize the recent development in the metabolic adaptation of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and the therapeutic approaches to boost immunity against cancer.
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15
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Hancock BA, Chen YH, Solzak JP, Ahmad MN, Wedge DC, Brinza D, Scafe C, Veitch J, Gottimukkala R, Short W, Atale RV, Ivan M, Badve SS, Schneider BP, Lu X, Miller KD, Radovich M. Profiling molecular regulators of recurrence in chemorefractory triple-negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:87. [PMID: 31383035 PMCID: PMC6683504 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately two thirds of patients with localized triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) harbor residual disease (RD) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and have a high risk-of-recurrence. Targeted therapeutic development for TNBC is of primary significance as no targeted therapies are clinically indicated for this aggressive subset. In view of this, we conducted a comprehensive molecular analysis and correlated molecular features of chemorefractory RD tumors with recurrence for the purpose of guiding downstream therapeutic development. Methods We assembled DNA and RNA sequencing data from RD tumors as well as pre-operative biopsies, lymphocytic infiltrate, and survival data as part of a molecular correlative to a phase II post-neoadjuvant clinical trial. Matched somatic mutation, gene expression, and lymphocytic infiltrate were assessed before and after chemotherapy to understand how tumors evolve during chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted categorizing cancers with TP53 mutations by the degree of loss as well as by the copy number of a locus of 18q corresponding to the SMAD2, SMAD4, and SMAD7 genes. Results Analysis of matched somatic genomes pre-/post-NAC revealed chaotic acquisition of copy gains and losses including amplification of prominent oncogenes. In contrast, significant gains in deleterious point mutations and insertion/deletions were not observed. No trends between clonal evolution and recurrence were identified. Gene expression data from paired biopsies revealed enrichment of actionable regulators of stem cell-like behavior and depletion of immune signaling, which was corroborated by total lymphocytic infiltrate, but was not associated with recurrence. Novel characterization of TP53 mutation revealed prognostically relevant subgroups, which were linked to MYC-driven transcriptional amplification. Finally, somatic gains in 18q were associated with poor prognosis, likely driven by putative upregulation of TGFß signaling through the signal transducer SMAD2. Conclusions We conclude TNBCs are dynamic during chemotherapy, demonstrating complex plasticity in subclonal diversity, stem-like qualities, and immune depletion, but somatic alterations of TP53/MYC and TGFß signaling in RD samples are prominent drivers of recurrence, representing high-yield targets for additional interrogation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1171-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Hancock
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Solzak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mufti N Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Dumitru Brinza
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Charles Scafe
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - James Veitch
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Walt Short
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Rutuja V Atale
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mircea Ivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sunil S Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bryan P Schneider
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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16
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Shafabakhsh R, Pourhanifeh MH, Mirzaei HR, Sahebkar A, Asemi Z, Mirzaei H. Targeting regulatory T cells by curcumin: A potential for cancer immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104353. [PMID: 31306775 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune system has critical roles in fighting against several diseases like cancer. Cancer cells evolve several ways to escape from the immune system to remain alive and trigger new phases of cancer progression. Regulatory T cells are one of the key components in tumor immune tolerance and contribute to the evasion of cancer cells from the immune system. Targeting regulatory T cells could provide new horizons in designing and development of effective therapeutic platforms for the treatment of various malignancies. Curcumin is the bioactive pigment of turmeric and a well-known phytochemical with a wide range of pharmacological activities. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that curcumin affects manifold molecular pathways that are implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. In this regard, some studies have indicated that this phytochemical could target regulatory T cells and convert them into T helper 1 cells, which possess anti-tumor effects. On the contrary, curcumin is able to increase the number of regulatory T cells in other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we describe the anti-cancer roles of curcumin via targeting regulatory T cells. Moreover, we summarize the effects of curcumin on regulatory T cell population in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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17
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Cheng H, Fan K, Luo G, Fan Z, Yang C, Huang Q, Jin K, Xu J, Yu X, Liu C. Kras G12D mutation contributes to regulatory T cell conversion through activation of the MEK/ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 446:103-111. [PMID: 30664964 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations have been attributed to the abnormal immune microenvironment in cancer. However, the relationship between the KrasG12D mutation and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this study, we found that KrasG12D mutation status as determined by ddPCR correlated with high levels of Treg infiltration in resectable pancreatic cancer tissues. Compared to wild-type tumour cells, tumours cells with the KrasG12D mutation were associated with higher levels of Tregs, and knockout of the KrasG12D mutation reversed this effect. In addition, overexpression of the KrasG12D mutation in wild-type Kras tumour cells resulted in conversion of CD4+CD25- T cells into Tregs. We also found that in tumour cells, the KrasG12D mutation activated the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby up-regulating the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which induced Treg conversion. In summary, KrasG12D mutation plays a critical role in Treg conversion and contributes to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. These results provide new insights into the relationship between gene mutation and immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Manandhar S, Lee YM. Emerging role of RUNX3 in the regulation of tumor microenvironment. BMB Rep 2018; 51:174-181. [PMID: 29429451 PMCID: PMC5933212 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.4.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genes have been therapeutically targeted to relieve cancer, but cancer relapse is still a growing issue. The concept that the surrounding tumor environment is critical for the progression of cancer may foster an answer to the issue of cancer malignancy. Runt domain transcription factors (RUNX1, 2, and 3) are evolutionarily conserved and have been intensively studied for their roles in normal development and pathological conditions. During tumor growth, a hypoxic microenvironment and infiltration of the tumor by immune cells are common phenomena. In this review, we briefly introduce the consequences of hypoxia and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment with a focus on RUNX3 as a critical regulator. Furthermore, based on our current knowledge of the functional role of RUNX3 in hypoxia and immune cell maintenance, a probable therapeutic intervention is suggested for the effective management of tumor growth and malignancy. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(4): 174-181].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarala Manandhar
- Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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19
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Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee P, Panda AK, Kajal K, Bose S, Sa G. Providence of the CD25 + KIR + CD127 - FOXP3 - CD8 + T-cell subset determines the dynamics of tumor immune surveillance. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:1035-1048. [PMID: 29768737 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells are emerging as crucial components of immune system. Previous studies have reported the presence of FOXP3+ CD8+ Treg cells, similar to CD4+ Tregs, in cancer patients which produce high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines, IL10 and TGFβ. At an early stage of tumor development, we have identified a subset of FOXP3- CD8+ CD25+ KIR+ CD127- Treg-like cells, which are IFNγ+ . However, this early-induced CD8+ CD25+ CD127- T-cell subset is certainly distinct from the IFNγ+ CD8+ T-effector cells. These CD8+ CD25+ CD127- T cells express other FOXP3- CD8+ Treg cell signature markers, and can selectively suppress autoreactive HLA-E+ TFH cells as well as tumor-induced CD4+ Treg cells. In contrast to FOXP3+ CD8+ Tregs, this subset does not inhibit effector T-cell proliferation or their functions as they are HLA-E- . Adoptive transfer of this early-CD8+ Treg-like subset restrained tumor growth and inhibited CD4+ Treg generation that impedes the immune surveillance and impairs cancer immunotherapy. At the late stage of tumor development, when CD4+ Treg cells dominate the tumor-microenvironment, CD4+ Tregs mediate the clonal deletion of these tumor-suppressive FOXP3- IFNγ+ CD8+ CD25+ CD127- T cells and ensure tumor immune evasion. Our findings suggest that at an early stage of the tumor, this tumor-induced IFNγ-producing FOXP3- CD8+ CD25+ CD127- T-cell subset can potentiate immune surveillance by targeting HLA-E-restricted CD4+ Treg cells while leaving the effector T-cell population unaffected. Hence, manipulating their profile can open up a new avenue in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Pushpak Bhattacharjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Abir K Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Kirti Kajal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Sayantan Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
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20
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Chen L, Lu Y, Zhao L, Hu L, Qiu Q, Zhang Z, Li M, Hong G, Wu B, Zhao G, Lu Z. Curcumin attenuates sepsis-induced acute organ dysfunction by preventing inflammation and enhancing the suppressive function of Tregs. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:1-7. [PMID: 29778842 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by the extensive release of cytokines and other mediators. It results in a dysregulated immune response and can lead to organ damage and death. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties and immunoregulation functions in various disorders such as sepsis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, lung fibrosis, gallstone formation, and diabetes. This paper investigates the effects of curcumin on immune status and inflammatory response in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Inflammatory tissue injury was evaluated by histological observation. Magnetic microbeads were used to isolate splenic CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Tregs), and phenotypes were then analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of Foxp3 were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR and cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that the administration of curcumin significantly alleviated inflammatory injury of the lung and kidney in septic mice. The suppressive function of Treg cells was enhanced and the plasma levels of IL-10 increased after treatment with curcumin. Furthermore, the secretion of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 was notably inhibited in septic mice treated with curcumin and administration with curcumin could improve survival after CLP. These data suggest that curcumin could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Linjun Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Central Blood Station of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qiaomeng Qiu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhuoling Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mengfang Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guangliang Hong
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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21
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Celik H, Aydin T, Solak K, Khalid S, Farooqi AA. Curcumin on the "flying carpets" to modulate different signal transduction cascades in cancers: Next-generation approach to bridge translational gaps. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4293-4303. [PMID: 29384224 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a bioactive and pharmacologically efficient component isolated from Curcuma longa has attracted considerable attention because of its ability to modulate diverse cellular and physiological pathways. WNT, TGF/SMAD, NOTCH, and SHH are fundamentally different signaling cascades, but their choreographed activation is strongly associated with cancer development and progression. In this review we have attempted to set spotlight on regulation of different cell signaling pathways by curcumin in different cancers. We partition this multi-component review into in-depth biological understanding of various signal transduction cascades and how curcumin targets intracellular signal transducers of deregulated pathways to inhibit cancer development and progression. Rapidly broadening landscape of both established and candidate oncogenic driver mutations identified in different cancers is a major stumbling block in the standardization of drugs having significant clinical outcome. Intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity had leveraged the complexity of therapeutic challenges to another level. Multi-pronged approach and molecularly guided treatments will be helpful in improving the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Tuba Aydin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Kubra Solak
- Institute of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sumbul Khalid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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22
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Xue M, Liang H, Tang Q, Xue C, He X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Liang Z, Bian K, Zhang L, Li Z. The Protective and Immunomodulatory Effects of Fucoidan Against 7,12-Dimethyl benz[a]anthracene-Induced Experimental Mammary Carcinogenesis Through the PD1/PDL1 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1234-1244. [PMID: 29043842 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1362446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that is extracted from brown algae seaweed. This study was designed to evaluate the protective and immunomodulatory effects of dietary fucoidan on 7,12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced experimental mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups: the control group (control group), the cancer model group (model group), and the F1 and F2 groups, which were fed fucoidan at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg·body weight, respectively. We found that fucoidan treatment decreased the tumor incidence and mean tumor weight and prolonged the tumor latency. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the number of blood natural killer cells was higher after fucoidan treatment and that the proportions of CD4 and CD8 T cells were also increased. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, and interferon (IFN)-γ were higher in the rats treated with fucoidan compared to those of model rats. Moreover, the percentage of CD3+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the blood and the levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β in the serum were lower in the rats treated with fucoidan. Furthermore, fucoidan treatment decreased the expression of Foxp3 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) in tumor tissues. The levels of p-phosphatidyl inositol kinase 3 and p-AKT in tumor tissues were also lower than those of model rats. These results suggest that a fucoidan-supplemented diet can inhibit DMBA-induced tumors in rats. This study provides experimental evidence toward elucidating the immune enhancement induced by fucoidan through the programmed cell death 1/PDL1 signaling pathway. The immunomodulatory effect is one of the possible mechanisms of the protective effect of fucoidan against mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Xue
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Hui Liang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- b College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Chuanxing Xue
- c Qingdao Haixi City Development Ltd , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Xinjia He
- d Oncology Department , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | | | - Kang Bian
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
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23
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Chakraborty S, Panda AK, Bose S, Roy D, Kajal K, Guha D, Sa G. Transcriptional regulation of FOXP3 requires integrated activation of both promoter and CNS regions in tumor-induced CD8 + Treg cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1628. [PMID: 28487507 PMCID: PMC5431671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-regulatory cells are an upsurge in the tumor microenvironment and induce immune-evasion. CD4+ Treg cells are well characterized whereas the role of CD8+ Tregs in cancer has recently started to crease attention. Here, we report an augmentation CD8+FOXP3+ Tregs in breast tumor microenvironment. FOXP3, the lineage-specific transcription factor, is a dominant regulator of Treg cell development and function. FOXP3 is induced preferentially by divergent signaling in CD4+ Treg cells. But how FOXP3 is induced and maintained in tumor-CD8+ Tregs is the Cinderella of the investigation. We observed that RUNX3, a CD8+ lineage-specific transcription factor, binds at the FOXP3-promoter to induce its transcription. In addition to promoter activation, involvement of cis-elements CNS1 and CNS2 in the transcriptional regulation of FOXP3 was also evident in these cells. SMAD3 binds to CNS1 region and acts as transcription inducer, whereas GATA3 plays a temporal role in the FOXP3 transcription by differential chromatin modification in CNS regions. In CNS1 region, GATA3 acts as a repressor for FOXP3 in naïve CD8+ T cells. Whereas in CD8+ Tregs, GATA3 binds directly at CNS2 region and persuaded the maintenance of FOXP3. Therefore, the intervention of these concerted transcriptional machinery may have a therapeutic potential in immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Abir K Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sayantan Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Dia Roy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Kirti Kajal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Deblina Guha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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24
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Panda AK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar I, Khan T, Sa G. New insights into therapeutic activity and anticancer properties of curcumin. J Exp Pharmacol 2017; 9:31-45. [PMID: 28435333 PMCID: PMC5386596 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s70568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds obtained from plants are capable of garnering considerable attention from the scientific community, primarily due to their ability to check and prevent the onset and progress of cancer. These natural compounds are primarily used due to their nontoxic nature and the fewer side effects they cause compared to chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, such natural products perform even better when given as an adjuvant along with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby enhancing the potential of chemotherapeutics and simultaneously reducing their undesired side effects. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol compound found in the plant Curcuma longa, is used as an Indian spice. It regulates not only the various pathways of the immune system, cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and antioxidant response but also numerous intracellular targets, including pathways and protein molecules controlling tumor progression. Many recent studies conducted by major research groups around the globe suggest the use of curcumin as a chemopreventive adjuvant molecule to maximize and minimize the desired effects and side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, low bioavailability of a curcumin molecule is the primary challenge encountered in adjuvant therapy. This review explores different therapeutic interactions of curcumin along with its targeted pathways and molecules that are involved in the regulation of onset and progression of different types of cancers, cancer treatment, and the strategies to overcome bioavailability issues and new targets of curcumin in the ever-growing field of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Kumar Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Irene Sarkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tila Khan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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25
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Wang M, Zhang C, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo F, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Xu Y. Mechanism of immune evasion in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1561-1573. [PMID: 28352189 PMCID: PMC5359138 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women, with high morbidity and mortality. Its onset, development, metastasis, and prognosis vary among individuals due to the interactions between tumors and host immunity. Many diverse mechanisms have been associated with BC, with immune evasion being the most widely studied to date. Tumor cells can escape from the body’s immune response, which targets abnormal components and foreign bodies, using different approaches including modification of surface antigens and modulation of the surrounding environment. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and factors that impact the immunoediting process and analyze their functions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changwang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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26
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Doersch KM, Moses KA, Zimmer WE. Synergistic immunologic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1900-1910. [PMID: 27444149 PMCID: PMC5068457 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216660212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common disease and, while detection and treatment have advanced, it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in men. Research suggests significant involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer, indicating that immunologic therapies may benefit patients. Two immunologic factors, interleukin-2 and transforming growth factor-β, may be especially attractive therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. Specifically, an increase in interleukin-2 signaling and a decrease in transforming growth factor-β signaling might help improve immunologic recognition and targeting of tumor cells. The purpose of this review is to highlight the evidence that interleukin-2 and blockade of transforming growth factor-β could be used to target prostate cancer based on current understanding of immune function in the context of prostate cancer. Additionally, current treatments related to these two factors for prostate and other cancers will be used to strengthen the argument for this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doersch
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Kelvin A Moses
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Warren E Zimmer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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27
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Abstract
The critical contribution of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells (Treg) to immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment is well-established. Whereas the mechanisms that drive the generation and accumulation of Treg in tumors have been an active area of study, the information on their origin and population dynamics remains limited. In this review, we discuss the ontogeny of tumor-associated Treg in light of the recently identified lineage markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
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28
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Tai WM, Yong WP, Lim C, Low LS, Tham CK, Koh TS, Ng QS, Wang WW, Wang LZ, Hartano S, Thng CH, Huynh H, Lim KT, Toh HC, Goh BC, Choo SP. A phase Ib study of selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) in combination with sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ann Oncol 2016; 27:2210-2215. [PMID: 27681866 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with sorafenib, although associated with inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis in in vivo studies, leads to up-regulation of pERK. The addition of MEK inhibition could potentially abrogate this effect and potentiate anti-tumour activity. This phase I study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and biomarker correlates of selumetinib combined with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Patients with Child-Pugh (CP) score ≤7 were treated with 400 mg twice daily of sorafenib with escalating doses of selumetinib in a 3 + 3 study design. The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation period was 28 days. PK of selumetinib was determined. Angiogenic effect was evaluated with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). RESULTS Twenty-seven patients of Asian ethnicity were enrolled. The MTD was selumetinib 75 mg daily with sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. DLT included grade 3 transaminitis, diarrhoea and fatigue. Most common treatment-related adverse events at MTD (all grades) were diarrhoea (85%), rash (59%), hypertension (44%), fatigue (30%), anorexia (22%) and hand-foot syndrome (22%). Four patients (15%) had PR and 13 (48%) had SD. PR or SD was observed for ≥6 months in seven patients. The median overall survival was 14.4 months. Selumetinib exposures in combination with sorafenib were comparable to other monotherapy studies. A reduction in permeability-surface area product noted in DCE-MRI with treatment correlated with worse survival outcomes. CONCLUSION The MTD of selumetinib was 75 mg daily when combined with sorafenib 400 mg twice a day in CP ≤7 HCC. Acceptable adverse events and encouraging anti-tumour activity warrant further evaluation. DCE-MRI findings deserve prospective evaluation. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01029418.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - W P Yong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - C Lim
- Divisions of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences
| | - L S Low
- Divisions of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences
| | - C K Tham
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - T S Koh
- Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Q S Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - W W Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Z Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Hartano
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Radiological Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Singapore
| | - C H Thng
- Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - K T Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H C Toh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - B C Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - S P Choo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Crocetin exploits p53-induced death domain (PIDD) and FAS-associated death domain (FADD) proteins to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32979. [PMID: 27622714 PMCID: PMC5020693 DOI: 10.1038/srep32979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 preserves the genomic integrity by restricting anomaly at the gene level. The hotspots for mutation in half of all colon cancers reside in p53. Hence, in a p53-mutated cellular milieu targeting cancer cells may be achievable by targeting the paralogue(s) of p53. Here we have shown the effectiveness of crocetin, a dietary component, in inducing apoptosis of colon cancer cells with varying p53 status. In wild-type p53-expressing cancer cells, p53 in one hand transactivates BAX and in parallel up-regulates p53-induced death domain protein (PIDD) that in turn cleaves and activates BID through caspase-2. Both BAX and t-BID converge at mitochondria to alter the transmembrane potential thereby leading to caspase-9 and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, in functional p53-impaired cells, this phytochemical exploits p53-paralogue p73, which up-regulates FAS to cleave BID through FAS-FADD-caspase-8-pathway. These findings not only underline the phenomenon of functional switch-over from p53 to p73 in p53-impaired condition, but also validate p73 as a promising and potential target for cancer therapy in absence of functional p53.
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30
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Wang Y, Yu J, Cui R, Lin J, Ding X. Curcumin in Treating Breast Cancer: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:723-731. [PMID: 27325106 DOI: 10.1177/2211068216655524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most common malignant tumors. It is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women in the United States. Curcumin, an active derivative from turmeric, has been reported to have anticancer and chemoprevention effects on breast cancer. Curcumin exerts its anticancer effect through a complicated molecular signaling network, involving proliferation, estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) pathways. Experimental evidence has shown that curcumin also regulates apoptosis and cell phase-related genes and microRNA in breast cancer cells. Herein, we review the recent research efforts in understanding the molecular targets and anticancer mechanisms of curcumin in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Cui
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Hurdles in selection process of nanodelivery systems for multidrug-resistant cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2073-106. [PMID: 27116692 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most of the nanomedicines for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer do not reach Phase III trials and many are terminated or withdrawn or are in an indeterminate state since long without any study results being presented. Extensive perusal of nanomedicine development research revealed that one of the critical aspects influencing clinical outcomes and which requires diligent scrutiny is selection process of nanodelivery system. METHODS Research papers and articles published on development of nanodelivery systems for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer were analyzed. Observations and conclusions noted by these researchers which might shed some light on poor clinical performance of nanocarriers were collated and summarized under observation section. Further research articles were studied to find possible solutions which may be applied to these particular problems for resolving them. The inferences of these findings were composed in Result section. RESULT Plausible solutions for the observed obstacles were noted as examples of novel formulations that can yield the following: better in vivo imaging, precise targeting and dosing of a specific site and specific cell type in a particular cancer, modulation of tumor surroundings, intonation of systemic effects and high reproducibility. CONCLUSION The angle of approach to the development of best nanosystem for a specific type of tumor needs to be spun around. Some of these changes can be brought about by individual scientists, some need to be established by collated efforts of scientists globally and some await advent of better technologies. Regardless of the stratagem, it can be said decisively that the schematics of development phase need rethinking.
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Zdanov S, Mandapathil M, Abu Eid R, Adamson-Fadeyi S, Wilson W, Qian J, Carnie A, Tarasova N, Mkrtichyan M, Berzofsky JA, Whiteside TL, Khleif SN. Mutant KRAS Conversion of Conventional T Cells into Regulatory T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:354-65. [PMID: 26880715 PMCID: PMC4884020 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the KRAS oncogene in human malignancies is associated with aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. Similar to other oncogenes, KRAS acts in a cell-intrinsic manner to affect tumor growth or survival. However, we describe here a different, cell-extrinsic mechanism through which mutant KRAS contributes to tumor development. Tumor cells carrying mutated KRAS induced highly suppressive T cells, and silencing KRAS reversed this effect. Overexpression of the mutant KRAS(G12V)gene in wild-type KRAS tumor cells led to regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction. We also demonstrate that mutant KRAS induces the secretion of IL10 and transforming growth factor-β1 (both required for Treg induction) by tumor cells through the activation of the MEK-ERK-AP1 pathway. Finally, we report that inhibition of KRAS reduces the infiltration of Tregs in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis even before tumor formation. This cell-extrinsic mechanism allows tumor cells harboring a mutant KRAS oncogene to escape immune recognition. Thus, an oncogene can promote tumor progression independent of its transforming activity by increasing the number and function of Tregs. This has a significant clinical potential, in which targeting KRAS and its downstream signaling pathways could be used as powerful immune modulators in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zdanov
- Cancer Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Magis Mandapathil
- Department of Pathology, IMPCL, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI), Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Rasha Abu Eid
- Cancer Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University (previously Georgia Regents University), Augusta, Georgia
| | - Saudat Adamson-Fadeyi
- Cancer Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Willie Wilson
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiahua Qian
- Cancer Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea Carnie
- Cancer Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nadya Tarasova
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mikayel Mkrtichyan
- Cancer Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University (previously Georgia Regents University), Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, IMPCL, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI), Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Samir N Khleif
- Cancer Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University (previously Georgia Regents University), Augusta, Georgia.
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Bose S, Panda AK, Mukherjee S, Sa G. Curcumin and tumor immune-editing: resurrecting the immune system. Cell Div 2015; 10:6. [PMID: 26464579 PMCID: PMC4603973 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-015-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has long been known to posses medicinal properties and recent scientific studies have shown its efficacy in treating cancer. Curcumin is now considered to be a promising anti-cancer agent and studies continue on its molecular mechanism of action. Curcumin has been shown to act in a multi-faceted manner by targeting the classical hallmarks of cancer like sustained proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, insensitivity to growth inhibitors, tissue invasion and metastasis etc. However, one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer is the avoidance of immune system by tumors. Growing tumors adopt several strategies to escape immune surveillance and successfully develop in the body. In this review we highlight the recent studies that show that curcumin also targets this process and helps restore the immune activity against cancer. Curcumin mediates several processes like restoration of CD4+/CD8+ T cell populations, reversal of type-2 cytokine bias, reduction of Treg cell population and suppression of T cell apoptosis; all these help to resurrect tumor immune surveillance that leads to tumor regression. Thus interaction of curcumin with the immune system is also an important feature of its multi-faceted modes of action against cancer. Finally, we also point out the drawbacks of and difficulties in curcumin administration and indicate the use of nano-formulations of curcumin for better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Abir Kumar Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
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