1
|
Zhang X, Yuan L, Tan Z, Wu H, Chen F, Huang J, Wang P, Hambly BD, Bao S, Tao K. CD64 plays a key role in diabetic wound healing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1322256. [PMID: 38524127 PMCID: PMC10957625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1322256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wound healing poses a clinical challenge in diabetes mellitus (DM) due to compromised host immunity. CD64, an IgG-binding Fcgr1 receptor, acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator. While its presence has been identified in various inflammatory diseases, its specific role in wound healing, especially in DM, remains unclear. Objectives We aimed to investigate the involvement of CD64 in diabetic wound healing using a DM animal model with CD64 KO mice. Methods First, we compared CD64 expression in chronic skin ulcers from human DM and non-DM skin. Then, we monitored wound healing in a DM mouse model over 10 days, with or without CD64 KO, using macroscopic and microscopic observations, as well as immunohistochemistry. Results CD64 expression was significantly upregulated (1.25-fold) in chronic ulcerative skin from DM patients compared to non-DM individuals. Clinical observations were consistent with animal model findings, showing a significant delay in wound healing, particularly by day 7, in CD64 KO mice compared to WT mice. Additionally, infiltrating CD163+ M2 macrophages in the wounds of DM mice decreased significantly compared to non-DM mice over time. Delayed wound healing in DM CD64 KO mice correlated with the presence of inflammatory mediators. Conclusion CD64 seems to play a crucial role in wound healing, especially in DM conditions, where it is associated with CD163+ M2 macrophage infiltration. These data suggest that CD64 relies on host immunity during the wound healing process. Such data may provide useful information for both basic scientists and clinicians to deal with diabetic chronic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhong Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feier Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brett D. Hambly
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Tao
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kløve-Mogensen K, Terp SK, Steffensen R. Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and two digital PCR platforms to detect copy number variation in FCGR3B. J Immunol Methods 2024; 526:113628. [PMID: 38331313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The importance of structural genetic variants, such as copy number variations (CNVs), in modulating human disease is being increasingly recognized. Several clinical conditions require investigation of human neutrophil antigen (HNA-1), which is encoded by the Fc gamma receptor IIIb gene (FCGR3B), including suspicion of neutropenia, infections, and proactive testing of blood component donors to reduce the potential risk in transfusion. In this study, we compared real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with two digital PCR (dPCR) platforms, namely droplet digital PCR and an array-based platform, to determine copy numbers (CNs) in FCGR3B. We initially tested 400 anonymous blood donors with qPCR using a commercially available TaqMan probe assay (Applied Biosystems) on a Quant Studio 12 Flex. CNs was determined for all 400 tested individuals with CNs ranging from zero to four. Zero copies were detected in 0.2% (1/400), one copy was detected in 3.8% (15/400), two copies were detected in 87.8% (351/400), three copies were detected in 8.0% (32/400), and four copies were detected in 0.2% (1/400) of tested individuals. From this cohort, we selected 32 donors with CNs from zero to four for analyses with Digital Real-Time PCR (dPCR) using Lab on an array (LOAA) on an On-Point analyzer from Optolane Technologies Inc. and the Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) platform from Bio-Rad Laboratories. We compared the obtained CNs of FCGR3B on the three platforms and found full concordance between the CNs obtained. We therefore conclude that all three platforms can be used for quantification of CNs for FCGR3B, and although dPCR has some advantages over qPCR, it was not necessary for reliably estimating CNs of the FCGR3B gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Kløve-Mogensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Simone Karlsson Terp
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HJ, Aktas O, Patterson KR, Korff S, Kunchok A, Bennett JL, Weinshenker BG, Paul F, Hartung H, Cimbora D, Smith MA, Mittereder N, Rees WA, She D, Cree BAC. Inebilizumab reduces neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder risk independent of FCGR3A polymorphism. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2413-2420. [PMID: 37804003 PMCID: PMC10723240 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inebilizumab, a humanized, glycoengineered, IgG1 monoclonal antibody that depletes CD19+ B-cells, is approved to treat aquaporin 4 (AQP4) IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Inebilizumab is afucosylated and engineered for enhanced affinity to Fc receptor III-A (FCGR3A) receptors on natural killer cells to maximize antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Previously, the F allele polymorphism at amino acid 158 of the FCGR3A gene (F158) was shown to decrease IgG-binding affinity and reduce rituximab (anti-CD20) efficacy for NMOSD attack prevention. In contrast, our current findings from inebilizumab-treated NMOSD patients indicate similar clinical outcomes between those with F158 and V158 allele genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin Kim
- Department of NeurologyResearch Institute and Hospital of National Cancer CenterGoyangSouth Korea
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | | | | | - Amy Kunchok
- Department of NeurologyMellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland ClinicOhioClevelandUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience and ImmunologyUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical CampusColoradoAuroraUSA
| | | | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitat Berlin and Humboldt‐Universitat zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Hans‐Peter Hartung
- Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Department of NeurologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyPalacky University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Dewei She
- Horizon TherapeuticsIllinoisDeerfieldUSA
| | - Bruce A. C. Cree
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hui GK, Gao X, Gor J, Lu J, Sun PD, Perkins SJ. The solution structure of the unbound IgG Fc receptor CD64 resembles its crystal structure: Implications for function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288351. [PMID: 37733670 PMCID: PMC10513344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
FcγRI (CD64) is the only high-affinity Fcγ receptor found on monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and dendritic cells. It binds immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody-antigen complexes at its Fc region to trigger key immune responses. CD64 contains three immunoglobulin-fold extracellular domains (D1, D2 and D3) and a membrane-spanning region. Despite the importance of CD64, no solution structure for this is known to date. To investigate this, we used analytical ultracentrifugation, small-angle X-ray scattering, and atomistic modelling. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that CD64 was monomeric with a sedimentation coefficient s020,w of 2.53 S, together with some dimer. Small-angle X-ray scattering showed that its radius of gyration RG was 3.3-3.4 nm and increased at higher concentrations to indicate low dimerization. Monte Carlo modelling implemented in the SASSIE-web package generated 279,162 physically-realistic trial CD64 structures. From these, the scattering best-fit models at the lowest measured concentrations that minimised dimers revealed that the D1, D2 and D3 domains were structurally similar to those seen in three CD64 crystal structures, but showed previously unreported flexibility between D1, D2 and D3. Despite the limitations of the scattering data, the superimposition of the CD64 solution structures onto crystal structures of the IgG Fc-CD64 complex showed that the CD64 domains do not sterically clash with the IgG Fc region, i.e. the solution structure of CD64 was sufficiently compact to allow IgG to bind to its high-affinity Fcγ receptor. This improved understanding may result in novel approaches to inhibit CD64 function, and opens the way for the solution study of the full-length CD64-IgG complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gar Kay Hui
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Gor
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Sun
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ran Y, Wu K, Hu C, Liang R, Zhang L, Xiao J, Peng Y, Sun W. Downregulated APOD and FCGR2A correlates with immune infiltration and lipid-induced symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14211. [PMID: 37648784 PMCID: PMC10469184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat intake is among the most significant triggers for symptom development in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nevertheless, long-term restriction in fatty foods ingestion may lead to nutritional inadequacies. This study aimed to identify the crucial genes involved in lipid-induced gastrointestinal symptoms, contributing to helping IBS patients regulate fat. The clinical characteristics of the subjects were collected by questionnaire investigation and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and signaling pathways were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. ImmuInfiltration and CIBERSORT packages evaluated small intestine immune cell infiltration. Random forest and SVM-RFE algorithms were used to select hub genes. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to access the diagnostic significance of each hub gene. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify hub genes' molecular processes in IBS development after lipid infusion. IBS patients' risk, severity, and quality of life increased with fat intake. In total, 116 robust DEGs were identified in IBS patients after lipid infusion using the GSE166869 dataset and were mainly clustered in the immune and inflammatory pathways. IBS patients had greater Neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and M1 Macrophages than healthy controls. Furthermore, infiltration levels of Neutrophils and resting memory CD4+ T cells were inversely related to the expression of hub genes (IGKV1D-43, IGKV1-12, APOD, FCGR2A and IGKV2-29). After lipid infusion, GSEA results of each hub gene indicated the relevance of proinflammatory pathways in IBS pathogenesis. After verification, only APOD and FCGR2A were stably downregulated in small intestinal mucosa and plasma of IBS patients. The area under the curve of APOD combined with FCGR2A expression was 0.9. APOD and FCGR2A may be promising biomarkers for IBS diagnosis and lipid-sensitive IBS patients. Their potential roles in the immune microenvironment of the small intestinal mucosa may provide a vital clue to IBS precision therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Kangqi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Chenglin Hu
- Department of Standardization Training Management, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Renzheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Yongmei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spiegel F, Trollmann MFW, Kara S, Pöhnl M, Brandner AF, Nimmerjahn F, Lux A, Böckmann RA. Role of lipid nanodomains for inhibitory FcγRIIb function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540011. [PMID: 37214871 PMCID: PMC10197649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory Fcγ receptor FcγRIIb is involved in immune regulation and is known to localize to specific regions of the plasma membrane called lipid rafts. Previous studies suggested a link between the altered lateral receptor localization within the plasma membrane and the functional impairment of the FcγRIIb-I232T variant that is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we conducted microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and IgG binding assays to investigate the lipid nano-environment of FcγRIIb monomers and of the FcγRIIb-I232T mutant within a plasma membrane model, the orientation of the FcγRIIb ectodomain, and its accessibility to IgG ligands. In contrast to previously proposed models, our simulations indicated that FcγRIIb does not favor a cholesterol- or a sphingolipid-enriched lipid environment. Interestingly, cholesterol was depleted for all studied FcγRIIb variants within a 2-3 nm environment of the receptor, counteracting the usage of raft terminology for models on receptor functionality. Instead, the receptor interacts with lipids that have poly-unsaturated fatty acyl chains and with (poly-) anionic lipids within the cytosolic membrane leaflet. We also found that FcγRIIb monomers adopt a conformation that is not suitable for binding to its IgG ligand, consistent with a lack of detectable binding of monomeric IgG in experiments on primary immune cells. However, our results propose that multivalent IgG complexes might stabilize FcγRIIb in a binding-competent conformation. We suggest differences in receptor complex formation within the membrane as a plausible cause of the altered membrane localization or clustering and the altered suppressive function of the FcγRIIb-I232T variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Spiegel
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Marius F W Trollmann
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Erlangen National High-Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU)
| | - Sibel Kara
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Matthias Pöhnl
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Astrid F Brandner
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Current address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Rainer A Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Erlangen National High-Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kløve-Mogensen K, Steffensen R, Masmas TN, Glenthøj A, Jensen CF, Haunstrup TM, Ratcliffe P, Höglund P, Hasle H, Nielsen KR. Genetic variations in low-to-medium-affinity Fcγ receptors and autoimmune neutropenia in early childhood in a Danish cohort. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:65-74. [PMID: 36754570 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) in early childhood is caused by autoantibodies directed against antigens on the neutrophil membrane and is a frequent cause of neutropenia in children. Association of AIN with Fcγ receptor (FCGR) 3B variants is well described. In this study, we investigate genetic variations in the FCGR locus and copy number variation of FCGR3B. A total of 130 antibody-positive AIN patients, 64 with specific anti-HNA-1a antibodies and 66 with broad-reacting anti-FcγRIIIb antibodies, were genotyped with a multiplex ligation probe assay and compared with healthy controls. Positive findings were confirmed with real-time q-PCR. We determined copy numbers of the FCGR2 and FCGR3 genes and the following SNPs: FCGR2A Q62W (rs201218628), FCGR2A H166R (rs1801274), FCGR2B I232T (rs1050501), FCGR3A V176F (rs396991), haplotypes for FCGR2B/C promoters (rs3219018/rs780467580), FCGR2C STOP/ORF and HNA-1 genotypes in FCGR3B (rs447536, rs448740, rs52820103, rs428888 and rs2290834). Generally, associations were antibody specific, with all associations being representative of the anti-HNA-1a-positive group, while the only association found in the anti-FcγRIIIb group was with the HNA-1 genotype. An increased risk of AIN was observed for patients with one copy of FCGR3B; the HNA genotypes HNA-1a, HNA-1aa or HNA-1aac; the FCGR2A 166H and FCGR2B 232I variations; and no copies of FCGR2B 2B.4. A decreased risk was observed for HNA genotype HNA-1bb; FCGR2A 166R; FCGR2B 232T; and one copy of FCGR2B promoter 2B.4. We conclude that in our Danish cohort, there was a strong association between variation in the FCGR locus and AIN. The findings of different genetic associations between autoantibody groups could indicate the presence of two different disease entities and disease heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Kløve-Mogensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tania Nicole Masmas
- Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunodeficiency, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Glenthøj
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Friis Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thure Mors Haunstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paul Ratcliffe
- Department of medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kanai M, Elzur R, Zhou W, Daly MJ, Finucane HK. Meta-analysis fine-mapping is often miscalibrated at single-variant resolution. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100210. [PMID: 36643910 PMCID: PMC9839193 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analysis is pervasively used to combine multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Fine-mapping of meta-analysis studies is typically performed as in a single-cohort study. Here, we first demonstrate that heterogeneity (e.g., of sample size, phenotyping, imputation) hurts calibration of meta-analysis fine-mapping. We propose a summary statistics-based quality-control (QC) method, suspicious loci analysis of meta-analysis summary statistics (SLALOM), that identifies suspicious loci for meta-analysis fine-mapping by detecting outliers in association statistics. We validate SLALOM in simulations and the GWAS Catalog. Applying SLALOM to 14 meta-analyses from the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI), we find that 67% of loci show suspicious patterns that call into question fine-mapping accuracy. These predicted suspicious loci are significantly depleted for having nonsynonymous variants as lead variant (2.7×; Fisher's exact p = 7.3 × 10-4). We find limited evidence of fine-mapping improvement in the GBMI meta-analyses compared with individual biobanks. We urge extreme caution when interpreting fine-mapping results from meta-analysis of heterogeneous cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kanai
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Roy Elzur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilary K. Finucane
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhong X, Schenk J, Sakorafas P, Chamberland J, Tam A, Thomas LM, Yan G, D' Antona AM, Lin L, Nocula-Lugowska M, Zhang Y, Sousa E, Cohen J, Gu L, Abel M, Donahue J, Lim S, Meade C, Zhou J, Riegel L, Birch A, Fennell BJ, Franklin E, Gomes JM, Tzvetkova B, Scarcelli JJ. Impacts of fast production of afucosylated antibodies and Fc mutants in ExpiCHO-S™ for enhancing FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:79-91. [PMID: 36341973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study has employed mammalian transient expression systems to generate afucosylated antibodies and antibody Fc mutants for rapid candidate screening in discovery and early development. While chemical treatment with the fucose analogue 2-fluoro-peracetyl-fucose during transient expression only partially produced antibodies with afucosylated N-glycans, the genetic inactivation of the FUT8 gene in ExpiCHO-S™ by CRISPR/Cas9 enabled the transient production of fully afucosylated antibodies. Human IgG1 and murine IgG2a generated by the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line possessed a 8-to-11-fold enhanced FcγRIIIa binding activity in comparison with those produced by ExpiCHO-S™. The Fc mutant S239D/S298A/I332E produced by ExpiCHO-S™ had an approximate 2-fold higher FcγRIIIa affinity than that of the afucosylated wildtype molecule, although it displayed significantly lower thermal-stability. When the Fc mutant was produced in the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line, the resulting afucosylated Fc mutant antibody had an additional approximate 6-fold increase in FcγRIIIa binding affinity. This synergistic effect between afucosylation and the Fc mutations was further verified by a natural killer (NK) cell activation assay. Together, these results have not only established an efficient large-scale transient CHO system for rapid production of afucosylated antibodies, but also confirmed a cooperative impact between afucosylation and Fc mutations on FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schenk
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John Chamberland
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Amy Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - L Michael Thomas
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Yan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M D' Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ling Gu
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Molica Abel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Donahue
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Lim
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Logan Riegel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex Birch
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Fennell
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Franklin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose M Gomes
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
FCGR3A gene duplication, FcγRIIb-232TT and FcγRIIIb-HNA1a associate with an increased risk of vertical acquisition of HIV-1. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273933. [PMID: 36084039 PMCID: PMC9462732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) studies suggest that allelic variations of Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) play a role in infant HIV-1 acquisition, but findings are inconsistent. To address the limitations of previous studies, the present study investigates the association between perinatal HIV-1 transmission and FcγR variability in three cohorts of South African infants born to women living with HIV-1. Methods This nested case-control study combines FCGR genotypic data from three perinatal cohorts at two hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Children with perinatally-acquired HIV-1 (cases, n = 395) were compared to HIV-1-exposed uninfected children (controls, n = 312). All study participants were black South Africans and received nevirapine for prevention of MTCT. Functional variants were genotyped using a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay, and their representation compared between groups using logistic regression analyses. Results FCGR3A gene duplication associated with HIV-1 acquisition (OR = 10.27; 95% CI 2.00–52.65; P = 0.005) as did the FcγRIIb-232TT genotype even after adjusting for FCGR3A copy number and FCGR3B genotype (AOR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.07–2.76; P = 0.024). The association between FcγRIIb-232TT genotype and HIV-1 acquisition was further strengthened (AOR = 2.28; 95%CI 1.11–4.69; P = 0.024) if adjusted separately for FCGR2C c.134-96C>T. Homozygous FcγRIIIb-HNA1a did not significantly associate with HIV-1 acquisition in a univariate model (OR = 1.42; 95%CI 0.94–2.16; P = 0.098) but attained significance after adjustment for FCGR3A copy number and FCGR2B genotype (AOR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.01–2.38; P = 0.044). Both FcγRIIb-232TT (AOR = 1.83; 95%CI 1.13–2.97; P = 0.014) and homozygous FcγRIIIb-HNA1a (AOR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.07–2.57; P = 0.025) retained significance when birthweight and breastfeeding were added to the model. The common FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms did not associate with HIV-1 acquisition. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that the FcγRIIb-232TT genotype exerts a controlling influence on infant susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We also show a role for less studied variants–FCGR3A duplication and homozygous HNA1a. These findings provide additional insight into a role for FcγRs in HIV-1 infection in children.
Collapse
|
11
|
Van Coillie J, Schulz MA, Bentlage AEH, de Haan N, Ye Z, Geerdes DM, van Esch WJE, Hafkenscheid L, Miller RL, Narimatsu Y, Vakhrushev SY, Yang Z, Vidarsson G, Clausen H. Role of N-Glycosylation in FcγRIIIa interaction with IgG. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987151. [PMID: 36189205 PMCID: PMC9524020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins G (IgG) and their Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) play important roles in our immune system. The conserved N-glycan in the Fc region of IgG1 impacts interaction of IgG with FcγRs and the resulting effector functions, which has led to the design of antibody therapeutics with greatly improved antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities. Studies have suggested that also N-glycosylation of the FcγRIII affects receptor interactions with IgG, but detailed studies of the interaction of IgG1 and FcγRIIIa with distinct N-glycans have been hindered by the natural heterogeneity in N-glycosylation. In this study, we employed comprehensive genetic engineering of the N-glycosylation capacities in mammalian cell lines to express IgG1 and FcγRIIIa with different N-glycan structures to more generally explore the role of N-glycosylation in IgG1:FcγRIIIa binding interactions. We included FcγRIIIa variants of both the 158F and 158V allotypes and investigated the key N-glycan features that affected binding affinity. Our study confirms that afucosylated IgG1 has the highest binding affinity to oligomannose FcγRIIIa, a glycan structure commonly found on Asn162 on FcγRIIIa expressed by NK cells but not monocytes or recombinantly expressed FcγRIIIa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Coillie
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Morten A. Schulz
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L. Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mata-Molanes JJ, Rebollo-Liceaga J, Martínez-Navarro EM, Manzano RG, Brugarolas A, Juan M, Sureda M. Relevance of Fc Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms in Cancer Therapy With Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:926289. [PMID: 35814459 PMCID: PMC9263556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), are an important breakthrough for the treatment of cancer and have dramatically changed clinical outcomes in a wide variety of tumours. However, clinical response varies among patients receiving mAb-based treatment, so it is necessary to search for predictive biomarkers of response to identify the patients who will derive the greatest therapeutic benefit. The interaction of mAbs with Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) expressed by innate immune cells is essential for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and this binding is often critical for their in vivo efficacy. FcγRIIa (H131R) and FcγRIIIa (V158F) polymorphisms have been reported to correlate with response to therapeutic mAbs. These polymorphisms play a major role in the affinity of mAb receptors and, therefore, can exert a profound impact on antitumor response in these therapies. Furthermore, recent reports have revealed potential mechanisms of ICIs to modulate myeloid subset composition within the tumour microenvironment through FcγR-binding, optimizing their anti-tumour activity. The purpose of this review is to highlight the clinical contribution of FcγR polymorphisms to predict response to mAbs in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Mata-Molanes
- Oncology Platform, Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan J. Mata-Molanes,
| | | | | | | | | | - Manel Juan
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sureda
- Oncology Platform, Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ban QY, Liu M, Ding N, Chen Y, Lin Q, Zha JM, He WQ. Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of IBD: Current Progress and Future Directions. Front Nutr 2022; 9:794169. [PMID: 35734374 PMCID: PMC9207447 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.794169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients are usually diagnosed in adolescence and early adulthood and need lifelong treatment. In recent years, it has been found that diet plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Diet can change intestinal barrier function, affect the structure and function of intestinal flora, and promote immune disorder, thus promoting inflammation. Many patients believe that diet plays a role in the onset and treatment of the disease and changes their diet spontaneously. This review provides some insights into how nutraceuticals regulate intestinal immune homeostasis and improve intestinal barrier function. We reviewed the research results of dietary fiber, polyphenols, bioactive peptides, and other nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of IBD and sought better alternative or supplementary treatment methods for IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Yao Ban
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center of Soochow Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center of Soochow Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center of Soochow Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Juan-Min Zha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center of Soochow Medical School, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Juan-Min Zha
| | - Wei-Qi He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center of Soochow Medical School, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Wei-Qi He
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
López-Martínez R, Albaiceta GM, Amado-Rodríguez L, Cuesta-Llavona E, Gómez J, García-Clemente M, Vázquez-Coto D, Alvarez V, Coto E. The FCGR2Ars1801274 polymorphism was associated with the risk of death among COVID-19 patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 236:108954. [PMID: 35149195 PMCID: PMC8824710 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of Fcγ receptors have been associated with variable responses to infections. We determined the association of functional polymorphisms rs1801274 in the FCGR2A and rs396991 in the FCGR3A with COVID-19 severity. This study involved 453 patients with severe COVID-19, in which the FCGR2A rs1801274 G-allele (131-Arg) was significantly associated with death (p = 0.02, OR = 1.47). This effect was independent of age and increased IL6 and D-Dimer levels. This study suggests that the FCGR2A gene might be associated with the risk of death among COVID-19 patients. Our study has several limitations, mainly the limited number of patients and the inclusion of a single population. It is thus necessary to confirm this result in larger cohorts from different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta García-Clemente
- Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Victoria Alvarez
- Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Huang Z, Du K, Liu X, Li C, Wang D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li J. Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis Confirmed that FCGR3A is a Candidate Biomarker Associated With Tumor Immunity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900699. [PMID: 35668930 PMCID: PMC9163829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fc gamma receptor 3A (FCGR3A) encodes a receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G, which plays a significant role in the immune response. However, the role of FCGR3A in cancers remains unclear. This study aimed to visualize the prognostic landscape of FCGR3A in pan-cancer and investigate the relationship between FCGR3A expression and tumor microenvironment. Method: Based on the TCGA database, GTEx database, and GDSC database, we analyzed the expression of FCGR3A in pan-cancers and adjacent normal tissues and its relationship with prognosis, immune cells infiltration, immune-related genes, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, DNA methylation, and drugs sensitivity. The gene alteration frequency of FCGR3A was acquired on the cBioportal website. Moreover, we constructed PPI networks, performed GO and KEGG analysis to illustrate the function, and signaling pathways of FCGR3A-related genes, and conducted gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of FCGR3A to further explore its potential biological functions. Result: The differential analysis results of the publicly available databases showed that FCGR3A was generally highly expressed in pan-cancer. Survival analysis revealed that FCGR3A predominated as a risk prognostic factor in most cancers. Additionally, the expression of FCGR3A was confirmed to be associated with several immune cells infiltration, multiple immune checkpoint genes, and DNA mismatch repair genes expression in generalized carcinoma. We also identified a negative correlation between FCGR3A and DNA methylation levels. Through GO/KEGG and GESA, we found that FCGR3A was involved in many pathologic and physiological processes, and was most closely related to tumor immune-related pathways. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that higher FCGR3A expression predicts a low IC50 value for the vast majority of drugs. Conclusions: FCGR3A may be an immune-oncogenic molecule that correlates with tumor immune infiltration levels and affects drug sensitivity, thus it can be served as a promising biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis, therapeutic design, and follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiqiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiqiang Li, , orcid.org/0000-0002-585-5911
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
There Is Strength in Numbers: Quantitation of Fc Gamma Receptors on Murine Tissue-Resident Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212172. [PMID: 34830050 PMCID: PMC8620503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the effector functions of antibodies rely on the binding of antibodies/immune complexes to cellular Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Since the majority of innate immune effector cells express both activating and inhibitory Fc receptors, the outcome of the binding of immune complexes to cells of a given population is influenced by the relative affinities of the respective IgG subclasses to these receptors, as well as by the numbers of activating and inhibitory FcγRs on the cell surface. A group of immune cells that has come into focus more recently is the various subsets of tissue-resident macrophages. The central functions of FcγRs on tissue macrophages include the clearance of opsonized pathogens, the removal of small immune complexes from the circulation and the depletion of antibody-opsonized cells in the therapy of autoimmunity and cancer. Despite these essential functions of FcγRs on tissue-resident macrophages, an in-depth quantification of FcγRs is lacking. Thus, the aim of our current study was to quantify the various Fcγ receptors on macrophages in murine liver, lung, kidney, brain, skin and spleen. Our study identified a pronounced heterogeneity between FcγR expression patterns of the different tissue macrophages, which may reflect their specialized functions within their unique niches in different organ environments.
Collapse
|
17
|
Onyishi CU, May RC. Human immune polymorphisms associated with the risk of cryptococcal disease. Immunology 2021; 165:143-157. [PMID: 34716931 PMCID: PMC9426616 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause lethal cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS. In addition, cryptococcal infections occasionally arise in immunocompetent individuals or those with previously undiagnosed immunodeficiencies. The course of cryptococcosis is highly variable in both patient groups, and there is rapidly growing evidence that genetic polymorphisms may have a significant impact on the trajectory of disease. Here, we review what is currently known about the nature of these polymorphisms and their impact on host response to C. neoformans infection. Thus far, polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptors, mannose‐binding lectin, Dectin‐2, Toll‐like receptors and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor have been associated with susceptibility to cryptococcal disease. Notably, however, in some cases the impact of these polymorphisms depends on the genetic background of the population; for example, the FCGR3A 158 F/V polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of cryptococcal disease in both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative white populations, but not in Han Chinese patients. In most cases, the precise mechanism by which the identified polymorphisms influence disease progression remains unclear, although impaired fungal recognition and phagocytosis by innate immune cells appears to play a major role. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for future research to include more diverse populations in their genetic association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinaemerem U Onyishi
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robin C May
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Strefford JC, Nowicka M, Hargreaves CE, Burton C, Davies A, Ganderton R, Hiddemann W, Iriyama C, Klapper W, Latham KV, Martelli M, Mir F, Parker H, Potter KN, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Sehn LH, Trněný M, Vitolo U, Bolen CR, Klein C, Knapp A, Oestergaard MZ, Cragg MS. Single-nucleotide Fcγ receptor polymorphisms do not impact obinutuzumab/rituximab outcome in patients with lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2935-2944. [PMID: 34323957 PMCID: PMC8361457 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to influence Fcγ receptor (FcγR) affinity and activity, but their effect on treatment response is unclear. We assessed their importance in the efficacy of obinutuzumab or rituximab combined with chemotherapy in untreated advanced follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the GALLIUM (www.clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01332968) and GOYA (#NCT01287741) trials, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from patients enrolled in GALLIUM (n = 1202) and GOYA (n = 1418). Key germline SNPs, FCGR2A R131H (rs1801274), FCGR3A F158V (rs396991), and FCGR2B I232T (rs1050501), were genotyped and assessed for their impact on investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). In both cohorts there was no prognostic effect of FCGR2A or FCGR3A. In FL, FCGR2B was associated with favorable PFS in univariate and multivariate analyses comparing I232T with I232I, with a more modest association for rituximab-treated (univariate: hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-1.14; P = .21) vs obinutuzumab-treated patients (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.91; P = .02). Comparing T232T with I232I, an association was found for obinutuzumab (univariate: HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.02-7.5; P = .0459). Neither observation retained significance after multiple-test adjustment. FCGR2B was associated with poorer PFS in multivariate analyses comparing T232T with I232I in rituximab- but not obinutuzumab-treated patients with DLBCL (HR, 4.40; 95% CI, 1.71-11.32; P = .002; multiple-test-adjusted P = .03); however, this genotype was rare (n = 13). This study shows that FcγR genotype is not associated with response to rituximab/obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy in treatment-naive patients with advanced FL or DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Strefford
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chantal E Hargreaves
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Burton
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davies
- Southampton Cancer Research United Kingdom (CRUK)/National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Ganderton
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chisako Iriyama
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kate V Latham
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Martelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Section of Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Farheen Mir
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Parker
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen N Potter
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Laurie H Sehn
- BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marek Trněný
- 1st Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Umberto Vitolo
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland; and
| | | | | | - Mark S Cragg
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moraru M, Perez-Portilla A, Al-Akioui Sanz K, Blazquez-Moreno A, Arnaiz-Villena A, Reyburn HT, Vilches C. FCGR Genetic Variation in Two Populations From Ecuador Highlands-Extensive Copy-Number Variation, Distinctive Distribution of Functional Polymorphisms, and a Novel, Locally Common, Chimeric FCGR3B/A (CD16B/A) Gene. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615645. [PMID: 34108956 PMCID: PMC8183472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR), cell-surface glycoproteins that bind antigen-IgG complexes, control both humoral and cellular immune responses. The FCGR locus on chromosome 1q23.3 comprises five homologous genes encoding low-affinity FcγRII and FcγRIII, and displays functionally relevant polymorphism that impacts on human health. Recurrent events of non-allelic homologous recombination across the FCGR locus result in copy-number variation of ~82.5 kbp-long fragments known as copy-number regions (CNR). Here, we characterize a recently described deletion that we name CNR5, which results in loss of FCGR3A, FCGR3B, and FCGR2C, and generation of a recombinant FCGR3B/A gene. We show that the CNR5 recombination spot lies at the beginning of the third FCGR3 intron. Although the FCGR3B/A-encoded hybrid protein CD16B/A reaches the plasma membrane in transfected cells, its possible natural expression, predictably restricted to neutrophils, could not be demonstrated in resting or interferon γ-stimulated cells. As the CNR5-deletion was originally described in an Ecuadorian family from Llano Grande (an indigenous community in North-Eastern Quito), we characterized the FCGR genetic variation in two populations from the highlands of Ecuador. Our results reveal that CNR5-deletion is relatively frequent in Llano Grande (5 carriers out of 36 donors). Furthermore, we found a high frequency of two strong-phagocytosis variants: the FCGR3B-NA1 haplotype and the CNR1 duplication, which translates into an increased FCGR3B and FCGR2C copy-number. CNR1 duplication was particularly increased in Llano Grande, 77.8% of the studied sample carrying at least one such duplication. In contrast, an extended haplotype CD16A-176V – CD32C-ORF+2B.2 – CD32B-2B.4 including strong activating and inhibitory FcγR variants was absent in Llano Grande and found at a low frequency (8.6%) in Ecuador highlands. This particular distribution of FCGR polymorphism, possibly a result of selective pressures, further confirms the importance of a comprehensive, joint analysis of all genetic variations in the locus and warrants additional studies on their putative clinical impact. In conclusion, our study confirms important ethnic variation at the FCGR locus; it shows a distinctive FCGR polymorphism distribution in Ecuador highlands; provides a molecular characterization of a novel CNR5-deletion associated with CD16A and CD16B deficiency; and confirms its presence in that population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moraru
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Adriana Perez-Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karima Al-Akioui Sanz
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blazquez-Moreno
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guilger-Casagrande M, de Barros CT, Antunes VAN, de Araujo DR, Lima R. Perspectives and Challenges in the Fight Against COVID-19: The Role of Genetic Variability. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:598875. [PMID: 33791232 PMCID: PMC8005637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.598875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last year, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic brought a new consideration for the multidisciplinary sciences. The unknown mechanisms of infection used by SARS-CoV-2 and the absence of effective antiviral pharmacological therapy, diagnosis methods, and vaccines evoked scientific efforts on the COVID-19 outcome. In general, COVID-19 clinical features are a result of local and systemic inflammatory processes that are enhanced by some preexistent comorbidities, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases, and biological factors, like gender and age. However, the discrepancies in COVID-19 clinical signs observed among those patients lead to investigations about the critical factors that deeply influence disease severity and death. Herein, we present the viral infection mechanisms and its consequences after blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) axis in different tissues and the progression of inflammatory and immunological reactions, especially the influence of genetic features on those differential clinical responses. Furthermore, we discuss the role of genotype as an essential indicator of COVID-19 susceptibility, considering the expression profiles, polymorphisms, gene identification, and epigenetic modifications of viral entry factors and their recognition, as well as the infection effects on cell signaling molecule expression, which amplifies disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Guilger-Casagrande
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba-UNISO, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Cecilia T. de Barros
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba-UNISO, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vitória A. N. Antunes
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba-UNISO, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Daniele R. de Araujo
- Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Renata Lima
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba-UNISO, Sorocaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amiah MA, Ouattara A, Okou DT, N'Guetta SPA, Yavo W. Polymorphisms in Fc Gamma Receptors and Susceptibility to Malaria in an Endemic Population. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561142. [PMID: 33281811 PMCID: PMC7689034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated infections by Plasmodium falciparum result in a humoral response that could reduce disease symptoms and prevent the development of clinical malaria. The principal mechanism underlying this humoral response is that immunoglobulin G (IgG) binds directly to the parasites, thus causing their neutralization. However, the action of antibodies alone is not always sufficient to eliminate pathogens from an organism. One key element involved in the recognition of IgG that plays a crucial role in the destruction of the parasites responsible for spreading malaria is the family of Fc gamma receptors. These receptors are expressed on the surface of immune cells. Several polymorphisms have been detected in the genes encoding these receptors, associated with susceptibility or resistance to malaria in different populations. In this review, we describe identified polymorphisms within the family of Fc gamma receptors and the impact of these variations on the response of a host to infection as well as provide new perspectives for the design of an effective vaccine for malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ahou Amiah
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Amed Ouattara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - David Tea Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo N'Guetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - William Yavo
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu R, Oldham RJ, Teal E, Beers SA, Cragg MS. Fc-Engineering for Modulated Effector Functions-Improving Antibodies for Cancer Treatment. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E64. [PMID: 33212886 PMCID: PMC7709126 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics possess the ability to engage innate immune effectors through interactions mediated by their fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain. By delivering Fc-Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) and Fc-C1q interactions, mAb are able to link exquisite specificity to powerful cellular and complement-mediated effector functions. Fc interactions can also facilitate enhanced target clustering to evoke potent receptor signaling. These observations have driven decades-long research to delineate the properties within the Fc that elicit these various activities, identifying key amino acid residues and elucidating the important role of glycosylation. They have also fostered a growing interest in Fc-engineering whereby this knowledge is exploited to modulate Fc effector function to suit specific mechanisms of action and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we document the insight that has been generated through the study of the Fc domain; revealing the underpinning structure-function relationships and how the Fc has been engineered to produce an increasing number of antibodies that are appearing in the clinic with augmented abilities to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rena Liu
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Robert J. Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Emma Teal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Stephen A. Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van der Horst HJ, Nijhof IS, Mutis T, Chamuleau MED. Fc-Engineered Antibodies with Enhanced Fc-Effector Function for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3041. [PMID: 33086644 PMCID: PMC7603375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has rapidly changed the field of cancer therapy. In 1997, the CD20-targeting mAb rituximab was the first mAb to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of cancer. Within two decades, dozens of mAbs entered the clinic for treatment of several hematological cancers and solid tumors, and numerous more are under clinical investigation. The success of mAbs as cancer therapeutics lies in their ability to induce various cytotoxic machineries against specific targets. These cytotoxic machineries include antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are all mediated via the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of mAbs. In this review article, we will outline the novel approaches of engineering these Fc domains of mAbs to enhance their Fc-effector function and thereby their anti-tumor potency, with specific focus to summarize their (pre-) clinical status for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilma J. van der Horst
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.S.N.); (T.M.); (M.E.D.C.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Browne T, Dearman RJ, Poles A. Human neutrophil antigens: Nature, clinical significance and detection. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:145-156. [PMID: 32970372 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Granulocytes are an essential part of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) are a family of epitopes that are located on glycoproteins that are mostly expressed on human granulocytes. Antibodies that recognize these epitopes have been associated with neutropenia, transfusion complications, haematopoietic stem cell transplant nonengraftment and renal transplant rejection. Currently, there are fourteen recognized HNA alleles across five antigen systems (HNA-1 through HNA-5), the molecular basis of which are located on the genes FCGR3B, CD177, SLC44A2, ITGAM and ITGAL, respectively. Elucidation of the associated genes has permitted the development of testing strategies for HNA typing and aided understanding of the associated epitopes. This review will outline the associated clinical conditions that require HNA investigation and how these are performed in specialized laboratories. Investigations provided are both reactive for patients with a variety of existing or suspected neutropenias and proactive in the testing of blood component donors in order to reduce the potential risk to patients who require transfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Browne
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony Poles
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Costa Neto A, Santos F, Ribeiro I, Oliveira V, Dezan M, Kashima S, Covas D, Pereira A, Fonseca G, Moreira F, Krieger J, Gualandro S, Rocha V, Mendrone A, Dinardo CL. FcγR2B B2.4 haplotype predicts increased risk of red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease patients. Transfusion 2020; 60:1573-1578. [PMID: 32681817 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is an important transfusion complication which is prevalent among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Autoimmune diseases are a known risk factor for RBC alloimmunization, suggesting that autoimmunity and post-transfusion alloantibody development occur through similar physiopathological pathways. Polymorphisms in the FcγR2B gene have already been associated with several autoimmune disorders and hypothetically could be associated with RBC alloimmunization. Our goal was to evaluate if important polymorphisms of FcγR2B have an impact on the risk of RBC alloimmunization among SCD patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was a case-control study in which alloimmunized and non-alloimmunized SCD patients were compared in terms of the genotype frequency of the FcγR2B polymorphisms -386G/C, -120 T/A, and 695C/T, genotyped through direct Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A total of 237 patients met the eligibility criteria, 120 cases (alloimmunized) and 117 controls (non-alloimmunized). RBC alloimmunization was associated with female sex (p < 0.001), lifetime number of RBC units transfused (p = 0.002) and 120 T/A FcγR2B genotype (p = 0.031). The FcγR2B promoter region haplotype 2B.4 (386C120A) was positively associated with RBC alloimunization (p = 0.045). The logistic regression (LR) model identified female sex (OR 10.03, CI 95% 5.16-19.49; p < 0.001) and FcγR2B 2B.4 haplotype (OR 4.55, CI95% 1.1118.65; p = 0.035) as independent predictors of RBC alloimmunization in SCD patients. CONCLUSION SCD patients with the FcγR2B 2B.4 haplotype had over a fourfold higher risk for RBC alloimmunization. This highlights the role played by FcγR2B on RBC alloimmunization and may be helpful in identifying the immune responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel Costa Neto
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Santos
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Ribeiro
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Oliveira
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Dezan
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas Covas
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Fonseca
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Moreira
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Gualandro
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Hematology, Churchill Hospital, NHS BT, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alfredo Mendrone
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla L Dinardo
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo/Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou P, Yin JX, Tao HL, Zhang HW. Pathogenesis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
27
|
Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, Anania JC, Mark Hogarth P. Harnessing the immune system via FcγR function in immune therapy: a pathway to next-gen mAbs. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:287-304. [PMID: 32157732 PMCID: PMC7228307 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human fragment crystallizable (Fc)γ receptor (R) interacts with antigen‐complexed immunoglobulin (Ig)G ligands to both activate and modulate a powerful network of inflammatory host‐protective effector functions that are key to the normal physiology of immune resistance to pathogens. More than 100 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are approved or in late stage clinical trials, many of which harness the potent FcγR‐mediated effector systems to varying degrees. This is most evident for antibodies targeting cancer cells inducing antibody‐dependent killing or phagocytosis but is also true to some degree for the mAbs that neutralize or remove small macromolecules such as cytokines or other Igs. The use of mAb therapeutics has also revealed a “scaffolding” role for FcγR which, in different contexts, may either underpin the therapeutic mAb action such as immune agonism or trigger catastrophic adverse effects. The still unmet therapeutic need in many cancers, inflammatory diseases or emerging infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) requires increased effort on the development of improved and novel mAbs. A more mature appreciation of the immunobiology of individual FcγR function and the complexity of the relationships between FcγRs and antibodies is fueling efforts to develop more potent “next‐gen” therapeutic antibodies. Such development strategies now include focused glycan or protein engineering of the Fc to increase affinity and/or tailor specificity for selective engagement of individual activating FcγRs or the inhibitory FcγRIIb or alternatively, for the ablation of FcγR interaction altogether. This review touches on recent aspects of FcγR and IgG immunobiology and its relationship with the present and future actions of therapeutic mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Chenoweth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, London, UK
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica C Anania
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Antibody-Mediated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection Downregulates the Production of Interferon-α and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages via Fc Gamma Receptor I and III. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020187. [PMID: 32046249 PMCID: PMC7077232 DOI: 10.3390/v12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) contributes to the pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-persistent infection. However, the mechanisms of PRRSV-ADE infection are still confusing. A clear understanding of the event upon virus infection by the ADE pathway has become crucial for developing efficient intervention of the PRRSV infection. In this study, an ADE assay showed that PRRSV-ADE infection in porcine alveolar macrophages (AMs) significantly decreased the production of interferon-α (IFN-α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and significantly increased the production of interleukine-10 (IL-10). A gene knockdown assay based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed that both Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) and FcγRIII in porcine AMs were involved in PRRSV-ADE infection. An activation assay showed that specific activation of FcγRI or FcγRIII in porcine AMs during PRRSV infection not only significantly decreased the production of IFN-α and TNF-α, but also significantly increased the production of IL-10 and significantly facilitated PRRSV replication. In conclusion, our studies suggested that ADE downregulated the production of IFN-α and TNF-α in porcine AMs maybe via FcγRI and FcγRIII, thereby leading to enhanced PRRSV infection.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kerntke C, Nimmerjahn F, Biburger M. There Is (Scientific) Strength in Numbers: A Comprehensive Quantitation of Fc Gamma Receptor Numbers on Human and Murine Peripheral Blood Leukocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32117269 PMCID: PMC7013094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential mediators of immunological defense mechanisms, are clinically used as therapeutic agents, but are also functionally involved in various immune-mediated disorders. Whereas IgG antibodies accomplish some of their biological tasks autonomously, many functions depend on their binding to activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγR). From a qualitative point of view expression patterns of FcγR on immunologically relevant cell types are well-characterized both for mice and humans. Surprisingly, however, there is only quite limited information available on actual quantities of FcγR expressed by the different leukocyte populations. In this study we provide a comprehensive data set assessing quantitatively how many individual human and mouse FcγRs are expressed on B cells, NK cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils and both classical, and non-classical monocytes under steady state conditions. Moreover, among human donors we found two groups with different expression levels of the inhibitory FcγRIIb on monocytes which appears to correlate with haplotypes of the activating FcγRIIIa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kerntke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pérez-Portilla A, Moraru M, Blázquez-Moreno A, Kolb P, Bravo García-Morato M, Ranganath T, Esteso G, Gianelli C, Rodríguez-Pena R, Lozano-Rodríguez R, Torres-Canizales JM, Blish CA, Vales-Gomez M, Hengel H, Vilches C, López-Granados E, Reyburn HT. Identification of the first cases of complete CD16A deficiency: Association with persistent EBV infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1288-1292. [PMID: 31953104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Moraru
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blázquez-Moreno
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - María Bravo García-Morato
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Gianelli
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez-Pena
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Torres-Canizales
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mar Vales-Gomez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo López-Granados
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nagelkerke SQ, Schmidt DE, de Haas M, Kuijpers TW. Genetic Variation in Low-To-Medium-Affinity Fcγ Receptors: Functional Consequences, Disease Associations, and Opportunities for Personalized Medicine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2237. [PMID: 31632391 PMCID: PMC6786274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR) are the cellular receptors for Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Upon binding of complexed IgG, FcγRs can trigger various cellular immune effector functions, thereby linking the adaptive and innate immune systems. In humans, six classic FcγRs are known: one high-affinity receptor (FcγRI) and five low-to-medium-affinity FcγRs (FcγRIIA, -B and -C, FcγRIIIA and -B). In this review we describe the five genes encoding the low-to-medium -affinity FcγRs (FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B), including well-characterized functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes as well as copy number variants (CNVs), which occur in distinct copy number regions across the locus. The evolution of the locus is also discussed. Importantly, we recommend a consistent nomenclature of genetic variants in the FCGR2/3 locus. Next, we focus on the relevance of genetic variation in the FCGR2/3 locus in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory diseases, highlighting pathophysiological insights that are informed by genetic association studies. Finally, we illustrate how specific FcγR variants relate to variation in treatment responses and prognosis amongst autoimmune diseases, cancer and transplant immunology, suggesting novel opportunities for personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sietse Q Nagelkerke
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David E Schmidt
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,Jon J. van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Science, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
FcgRIII Deficiency and FcgRIIb Defeciency Promote Renal Injury in Diabetic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3514574. [PMID: 31534958 PMCID: PMC6724446 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3514574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is involved in the development of diabetes complications and IgG Fc gamma receptors (FcgRs) are key immune receptors responsible for the effective control of both humoral and innate immunity. We investigated the effects of members of the FcgR superfamily into both the streptozotocin plus high fat-induced type 2 diabetes and high fat diet (HFD) models. FcgRIII-/- diabetic mice and FcgRIIb-/- diabetic mice had elevated levels of serum creatinine compared with wildtype (WT) diabetic mice. Renal histology of diabetic FcgRIII knockout and FcgRIIb knockout mice showed mesangial expansion and GBM thickening; the mechanistic study indicated a higher expression of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and p-NFκB-p65 compared with wild type mouse. The HFD mouse with FcgRIII knockout or FcgRIIb knockout had increased biochemical and renal injury factors, but oxLDL deposition was higher than in FcgRIII-/- diabetic mice and FcgRIIb-/- diabetic mice. In vitro we further examined the mechanism by which the Fc gamma receptor promoted renal injury and transfected glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) with FcgRI siRNA attenuated the level of TGF-β1, TNF-α expression. In summary, FcgRI knockdown downregulated kidney inflammation and fibrosis and FcgRIIb knockout accelerated inflammation, fibrosis, and the anomalous deposition of oxLDL whereas FcgRIII deficiency failed to protect kidney from diabetic renal injury. These observations suggested that FcgRs might represent a novel target for the therapeutic intervention of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kloek AT, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Host genetic variability and pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:130. [PMID: 31519222 PMCID: PMC6743160 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, and empyema due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We provide a systemic overview of genetic variants associated with susceptibility, phenotype and outcome of community acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Methods We searched PubMed for studies on the influence of host genetics on susceptibility, phenotype, and outcome of CAP and IPD between Jan 1, 1983 and Jul 4, 2018. We listed methodological characteristics and when genetic data was available we calculated effect sizes. We used fixed or random effect models to calculate pooled effect sizes in the meta-analysis. Results We identified 1219 studies of which 60 studies involving 15,358 patients were included. Twenty-five studies (42%) focused on susceptibility, 8 (13%) on outcome, 1 (2%) on disease phenotype, and 26 (43%) on multiple categories. We identified five studies with a hypothesis free approach of which one resulted in one genome wide significant association in a gene coding for lincRNA with pneumococcal disease susceptibility. We performed 17 meta-analyses of which two susceptibility polymorphisms had a significant overall effect size: variant alleles of MBL2 (odds ratio [OR] 1·67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·04–2·69) and a variant in CD14 (OR 1·77, 95% CI 1·18–2·66) and none of the outcome polymorphisms. Conclusions Studies have identified several host genetics factors influencing risk of pneumococcal disease, but many result in non-reproducible findings due to methodological limitations. Uniform case definitions and pooling of data is necessary to obtain more robust findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0572-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Kloek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pyzik M, Sand KMK, Hubbard JJ, Andersen JT, Sandlie I, Blumberg RS. The Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn): A Misnomer? Front Immunol 2019; 10:1540. [PMID: 31354709 PMCID: PMC6636548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential components of an adaptive immune response. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in circulation and extracellular fluids. Although IgG alone can directly protect the body from infection through the activities of its antigen binding region, the majority of IgG immune functions are mediated via proteins and receptors expressed by specialized cell subsets that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of IgG. Fc gamma (γ) receptors (FcγR) belong to a broad family of proteins that presently include classical membrane-bound surface receptors as well as atypical intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic glycoproteins. Among the atypical FcγRs, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has increasingly gained notoriety given its intimate influence on IgG biology and its ability to also bind to albumin. FcRn functions as a recycling or transcytosis receptor that is responsible for maintaining IgG and albumin in the circulation, and bidirectionally transporting these two ligands across polarized cellular barriers. More recently, it has been appreciated that FcRn acts as an immune receptor by interacting with and facilitating antigen presentation of peptides derived from IgG immune complexes (IC). Here we review FcRn biology and focus on newer advances including how emerging FcRn-targeted therapies may affect the immune responses to IgG and IgG IC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pyzik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan J Hubbard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Geraghty DE, Thorball CW, Fellay J, Thomas R. Effect of Fc Receptor Genetic Diversity on HIV-1 Disease Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:970. [PMID: 31143176 PMCID: PMC6520634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptor (FcR) genes collectively have copy number and allelic polymorphisms that have been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This variation might also be involved in etiology of infectious diseases. The protective role of Fc-mediated antibody-function in HIV-1 immunity has led to the investigation of specific polymorphisms in FcR genes on acquisition, disease progression, and vaccine efficacy in natural history cohorts. The purpose of this review is not only to explore these known HIV-1 host genetic associations, but also to re-evaluate them in the context of genome-wide data. In the current era of effective anti-retroviral therapy, the potential impact of such variation on post-treatment cohorts cannot go unheeded and is discussed here in the light of current findings. Specific polymorphisms associating with HIV-1 pathogenesis have previously been genotyped by assays that captured only the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interest without relative information of neighboring variants. With recent technological advances, variation within these genes can now be characterized using next-generation sequencing, allowing precise annotation of the whole chromosomal region. We herein also discuss updates in the annotation of common FcR variants that have been previously associated with HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christian W Thorball
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
de Taeye SW, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. The Ligands for Human IgG and Their Effector Functions. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E30. [PMID: 31544836 PMCID: PMC6640714 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the humoral immune system is initiated when antibodies recognize an antigen and trigger effector functions through the interaction with Fc engaging molecules. The most abundant immunoglobulin isotype in serum is Immunoglobulin G (IgG), which is involved in many humoral immune responses, strongly interacting with effector molecules. The IgG subclass, allotype, and glycosylation pattern, among other factors, determine the interaction strength of the IgG-Fc domain with these Fc engaging molecules, and thereby the potential strength of their effector potential. The molecules responsible for the effector phase include the classical IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR), the neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn), the Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), the first component of the classical complement cascade (C1), and possibly, the Fc-receptor-like receptors (FcRL4/5). Here we provide an overview of the interactions of IgG with effector molecules and discuss how natural variation on the antibody and effector molecule side shapes the biological activities of antibodies. The increasing knowledge on the Fc-mediated effector functions of antibodies drives the development of better therapeutic antibodies for cancer immunotherapy or treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W de Taeye
- Sanquin Research, Dept Immunopathology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Sanquin Research, Dept Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Dept Immunopathology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Dept Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ben Mkaddem S, Benhamou M, Monteiro RC. Understanding Fc Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Diseases: From Mechanisms to New Therapeutic Tools. Front Immunol 2019; 10:811. [PMID: 31057544 PMCID: PMC6481281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs) belong to the ITAM-associated receptor family. FcRs control the humoral and innate immunity which are essential for appropriate responses to infections and prevention of chronic inflammation or auto-immune diseases. Following their crosslinking by immune complexes, FcRs play various roles such as modulation of the immune response by released cytokines or of phagocytosis. Here, we review FcR involvement in pathologies leading notably to altered intracellular signaling with functionally relevant consequences to the host, and targeting of Fc receptors as therapeutic approaches. Special emphasis will be given to some FcRs, such as the FcαRI, the FcγRIIA and the FcγRIIIA, which behave like the ancient god Janus depending on the ITAM motif to inhibit or activate immune responses depending on their targeting by monomeric/dimeric immunoglobulins or by immune complexes. This ITAM duality has been recently defined as inhibitory or activating ITAM (ITAMi or ITAMa) which are controlled by Src family kinases. Involvement of various ITAM-bearing FcRs observed during infectious or autoimmune diseases is associated with allelic variants, changes in ligand binding ability responsible for host defense perturbation. During auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or immune thrombocytopenia, the autoantibodies and immune complexes lead to inflammation through FcR aggregation. We will discuss the role of FcRs in autoimmune diseases, and focus on novel approaches to target FcRs for resolution of antibody-mediated autoimmunity. We will finally also discuss the down-regulation of FcR functionality as a therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Marc Benhamou
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France.,Service d'Immunologie, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Receptors recognizing the Fc-part of immunoglobulins (FcR) are important in the engagement of phagocytes with opsonized micro-organisms, but they also play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Different FcRs are specifically recognizing and binding the different classes of immunoglobulins, transmitting different signals into the cell. The function of IgG (FcγR's) and IgA (FcαR) recognizing receptors is controlled by cellular signals evoked by activation of heterologous receptors in a process generally referred to as inside-out control. This concept is clearly described for the regulation of integrin receptors. Inside-out control can be achieved at different levels by modulation of: (i) receptor affinity, (ii) receptor avidity/valency, (iii) interaction with signaling chains, (iv) interaction with other receptors and (v) localization in functionally different membrane domains. The inside-out control of FcRs is an interesting target for novel therapy by therapeutical antibodies as it can potentiate or decrease the functionality of the response to the antibodies depending on the mechanisms of the diseases they are applied for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hussain K, Hargreaves CE, Rowley TF, Sopp JM, Latham KV, Bhatta P, Sherington J, Cutler RM, Humphreys DP, Glennie MJ, Strefford JC, Cragg MS. Impact of Human FcγR Gene Polymorphisms on IgG-Triggered Cytokine Release: Critical Importance of Cell Assay Format. Front Immunol 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 30899264 PMCID: PMC6417454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer. The interaction of mAb with Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) is often critical for efficacy. The genes encoding the low-affinity FcγR have single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variation that can impact IgG Fc:FcγR interactions. Leukocyte-based in vitro assays remain one of the industry standards for determining mAb efficacy and predicting adverse responses in patients. Here we addressed the impact of FcγR genetics on immune cell responses in these assays and investigated the importance of assay format. FcγR genotyping of 271 healthy donors was performed using a Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification assay. Freeze-thawed/pre-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood samples from donors were stimulated with reagents spanning different mAb functional classes to evaluate the association of FcγR genotypes with T-cell proliferation and cytokine release. Using freeze-thawed/pre-cultured PBMCs, agonistic T-cell-targeting mAb induced T-cell proliferation and the highest levels of cytokine release, with lower but measurable responses from mAb which directly require FcγR-mediated cellular effects for function. Effects were consistent for individual donors over time, however, no significant associations with FcγR genotypes were observed using this assay format. In contrast, significantly elevated IFN-γ release was associated with the FCGR2A-131H/H genotype compared to FCGR2A-131R/R in whole blood stimulated with Campath (p ≤ 0.01) and IgG1 Fc hexamer (p ≤ 0.05). Donors homozygous for both the high affinity FCGR2A-131H and FCGR3A-158V alleles mounted stronger IFN-γ responses to Campath (p ≤ 0.05) and IgG1 Fc Hexamer (p ≤ 0.05) compared to donors homozygous for the low affinity alleles. Analysis revealed significant reductions in the proportion of CD14hi monocytes, CD56dim NK cells (p ≤ 0.05) and FcγRIIIa expression (p ≤ 0.05), in donor-matched freeze-thawed PBMC compared to whole blood samples, likely explaining the difference in association between FcγR genotype and mAb-mediated cytokine release in the different assay formats. These findings highlight the significant impact of FCGR2A and FCGR3A SNPs on mAb function and the importance of using fresh whole blood assays when evaluating their association with mAb-mediated cytokine release in vitro. This knowledge can better inform on the utility of in vitro assays for the prediction of mAb therapy outcome in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khiyam Hussain
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal E. Hargreaves
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genomics Group, Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joshua M. Sopp
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kate V. Latham
- Cancer Genomics Group, Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin J. Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C. Strefford
- Cancer Genomics Group, Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
M'Koma AE. The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019; 1:75-105. [PMID: 37577036 PMCID: PMC10416806 DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system where inflammatory bowel disease occurs is central to the immune system where the innate and the adaptive/acquired immune systems are balanced in interactions with gut microbes under homeostasis conditions. This article overviews the high-throughput research screening on multifactorial interplay between genetic risk factors, the intestinal microbiota, urbanization, modernization, Westernization, the environmental influences and immune responses in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Inflammatory bowel disease is an expensive multifactorial debilitating disease that affects thousands new people annually worldwide with no known etiology or cure. The conservative therapeutics focus on the established pathology where the immune dysfunction and gut injury have already happened but do not preclude or delay the progression. Inflammatory bowel disease is evolving globally and has become a global emergence disease. It is largely known to be a disease in industrial-urbanized societies attributed to modernization and Westernized lifestyle associated with environmental factors to genetically susceptible individuals with determined failure to process certain commensal antigens. In the developing nations, increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with rapid urbanization, modernization and Westernization of the population. In summary, there are identified multiple associations to host exposures potentiating the landscape risk hazards of inflammatory bowel disease trigger, that include: Western life-style and diet, host genetics, altered innate and/or acquired/adaptive host immune responses, early-life microbiota exposure, change in microbiome symbiotic relationship (dysbiosis/dysbacteriosis), pollution, changing hygiene status, socioeconomic status and several other environmental factors have long-standing effects/influence tolerance. The ongoing multipronged robotic studies on gut microbiota composition disparate patterns between the rural vs. urban locations may help elucidate and better understand the contribution of microbiome disciplines/ecology and evolutionary biology in potentially protecting against the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amosy E M'Koma
- Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), Arlington Heights, IL 60005, USA
- The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Batista NV, Barbagallo M, Oliveira VLS, Castro-Gomes T, Oliveira RDR, Louzada-Junior P, Pinheiro GRC, Mantovani A, Teixeira MM, Garlanda C, Amaral FA. The Long Pentraxin 3 Contributes to Joint Inflammation in Gout by Facilitating the Phagocytosis of Monosodium Urate Crystals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1807-1814. [PMID: 30718300 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a pivotal component of the innate immune system, in gout. Levels of PTX3 and IL-1β in human samples were evaluated by ELISA. Development of murine gout was evaluated through the levels of cytokines (PTX3, CXCL1, and IL-1β) and neutrophil recruitment into the joint cavity. Phagocytosis of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and caspase-1 activation were determined by flow cytometer. Acute gout patients showed elevated concentration of PTX3 in plasma and synovial fluid as compared with healthy and osteoarthritic subjects. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between intra-articular PTX3 and IL-1β levels. PTX3 was induced in the periarticular tissue of mice postinjection of MSU crystals. Importantly, Ptx3-deficient mice showed reduced inflammation in response to MSU crystal injection compared with wild-type mice, including reduction of neutrophil recruitment into the joint cavity and IL-1β and CXCL1 production. Interestingly, addition of PTX3 in vitro enhanced MSU crystal phagocytosis by monocytes and resulted in higher production of IL-1β by macrophages. This contribution of PTX3 to the phagocytosis of MSU crystals and consequent production of IL-1β occurred through a mechanism mainly dependent on FcγRIII. Thus, our results suggest that PTX3 acts as a humoral pattern recognition molecule in gout facilitating MSU crystal phagocytosis and contributing to the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália V Batista
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian L S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rene D R Oliveira
- Division of Rheumatology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 1409-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Division of Rheumatology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 1409-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo R C Pinheiro
- Discipline of Rheumatology, University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; and.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano 20089, Italy; .,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; and
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Polymorphism of FCGR3A gene in chronic beryllium disease. Genes Immun 2018; 20:493-499. [PMID: 30245507 PMCID: PMC6431584 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previously we showed that alveolar macrophages(AMs) from patients with chronic beryllium disease(CBD) and beryllium sensitization(BeS) demonstrated significantly greater cell surface CD16(encoded by the FCGR3A gene) than controls. We hypothesized that these differences were related to polymorphisms in the FCGR3A gene. This study was to determine the association between FCGR3A polymorphisms in CBD, BeS versus controls as well as clinical data, providing potential information about disease pathogenesis, risk and activity. 189 CBD/154 BeS /150 controls (92 Be-exposed-non-diseased and 58 healthy controls) were included in this study. Sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction(PCR-SSP) was used to determine FCGR3A 158V/F polymorphisms. We found significantly higher frequencies of the 158V allele (OR:1.60 (CI: 1.17-2.19),p=0.004) and 158VV homozygotes (OR:2.97 (CI:1.48-5.97) p=0.007) in CBD versus controls. No differences were found in the frequencies of FCGR3A alleles or genotypes between BeS versus controls and CBD versus BeS. Average changes in exercise testing maximum workload(Wlm),maximum oxygen consumption(VO2m) and diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide(DLCO) demonstrated greater decline over time in those CBD cases with the 158VV gene, modelled between 10 and 40 years from first beryllium exposure. The FCGR3A V158F polymorphism is associated with CBD compared to BeS and controls and may impact lung function in CBD.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dalziel M, Beers SA, Cragg MS, Crispin M. Through the barricades: overcoming the barriers to effective antibody-based cancer therapeutics. Glycobiology 2018; 28:697-712. [PMID: 29800150 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the turn of the century, cancer therapy has undergone a transformation in terms of new treatment modalities and renewed optimism in achieving long-lived tumor control and even cure. This is, in large part, thanks to the widespread incorporation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into standard treatment regimens. These new therapies have, across many settings, significantly contributed to improved clinical responses, patient quality of life and survival. Moreover, the flexibility of the antibody platform has led to the development of a wide range of innovative and combinatorial therapies that continue to augment the clinician's armory. Despite these successes, there is a growing awareness that in many cases mAb therapy remains suboptimal, primarily due to inherent limitations imposed by the immune system's own homeostatic controls and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we discuss the principal barriers that act to constrain the tumor-killing activity of antibody-based therapeutics, particularly those involving antibody glycans, using illustrative examples from both pre-clinical and market approved mAbs. We also discuss strategies that have been, or are in development to overcome these obstacles. Finally, we outline how the growing understanding of the biological terrain in which mAbs function is shaping innovation and regulation in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dalziel
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Khalili H, Chan SSM, Lochhead P, Ananthakrishnan AN, Hart AR, Chan AT. The role of diet in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:525-535. [PMID: 29789682 PMCID: PMC6397648 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, collectively known as IBD, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the aetiopathogenesis of IBD is largely unknown, it is widely thought that diet has a crucial role in the development and progression of IBD. Indeed, epidemiological and genetic association studies have identified a number of promising dietary and genetic risk factors for IBD. These preliminary studies have led to major interest in investigating the complex interaction between diet, host genetics, the gut microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this Review, we discuss the recent epidemiological, gene-environment interaction, microbiome and animal studies that have explored the relationship between diet and the risk of IBD. In addition, we highlight the limitations of these prior studies, in part by explaining their contradictory findings, and review future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Simon S. M. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lochhead
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Andrew R. Hart
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge MA, USA.,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Improving knowledge on the activation of bone marrow fibroblasts in MGUS and MM disease through the automatic extraction of genes via a nonnegative matrix factorization approach on gene expression profiles. J Transl Med 2018; 16:217. [PMID: 30075788 PMCID: PMC6076394 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of terminally differentiated plasma that is part of a spectrum of blood diseases. The role of the micro-environment is crucial for MM clonal evolution. Methods This paper describes the analysis carried out on a limited number of genes automatically extracted by a nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) based approach from gene expression profiles of bone marrow fibroblasts of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and MM. Results Automatic exploration through NMF, combined with a motivated post-processing procedure and a pathways analysis of extracted genes, allowed to infer that a functional switch is required to lead fibroblasts to acquire pro-tumorigenic activity in the progression of the disease from MGUS to MM. Conclusion The extracted biologically relevant genes may be representative of the considered clinical conditions and may contribute to a deeper understanding of tumor behavior. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1589-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kaifu T, Nakamura A. Polymorphisms of immunoglobulin receptors and the effects on clinical outcome in cancer immunotherapy and other immune diseases: a general review. Int Immunol 2018; 29:319-325. [PMID: 28910969 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors for the Fc domain of immunoglobulins [Fc receptors (FcRs)] are essential for the maintenance of antibody-mediated immune responses. FcRs consist of activating- and inhibitory-type receptors that regulate adequate thresholds for various immune cells. In particular, polymorphisms and/or gene copy-number variations of FcRs for IgG (FcγRs) are closely associated with the development of inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases. Recent evidence has implicated polymorphisms of FcRs in the efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated therapy. This review provides an overview of genetic variations in human FcγRs and the clinical contribution of FcγR polymorphisms in mAb treatments for cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kaifu
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roghanian A, Stopforth RJ, Dahal LN, Cragg MS. New revelations from an old receptor: Immunoregulatory functions of the inhibitory Fc gamma receptor, FcγRIIB (CD32B). J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1077-1088. [PMID: 29406570 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mir0917-354r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc gamma receptor IIB (FcγRIIB/CD32B) was generated million years ago during evolution. It is the sole inhibitory receptor for IgG, and has long been associated with the regulation of humoral immunity and innate immune homeostasis. However, new and surprising functions of FcγRIIB are emerging. In particular, FcγRIIB has been shown to perform unexpected activatory roles in both immune-signaling and monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy. Furthermore, although ITIM signaling is an integral part of FcγRIIB regulatory activity, it is now clear that inhibition/activation of immune responses can occur independently of the ITIM. In light of these new findings, we present an overview of the established and noncanonical functions of FcγRIIB and discuss how this knowledge might be exploited therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard J Stopforth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang C, Wu Y, Wang L, Hong B, Jin Y, Hu D, Chen G, Kong Y, Huang A, Hua G, Ying T. Engineered Soluble Monomeric IgG1 Fc with Significantly Decreased Non-Specific Binding. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1545. [PMID: 29181008 PMCID: PMC5693891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the long serum half-life provided by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) recycling, the IgG1 Fc has been pursued as the fusion partner to develop therapeutic Fc-fusion proteins, or as the antibody-derived scaffold that could be engineered with antigen-binding capabilities. In previous studies, we engineered the monomeric Fc by mutating critical residues located on the IgG1 Fc dimerization interface. Comparing with the wild-type dimeric Fc, monomeric Fc might possess substantial advantages conferred by its smaller size, but also suffers the disadvantage of non-specific binding to some unrelated antigens, raising considerable concerns over its potential clinical development. Here, we describe a phage display-based strategy to examine the effects of multiple mutations of IgG1 monomeric Fc and, simultaneously, to identify new Fc monomers with desired properties. Consequently, we identified a novel monomeric Fc that displayed significantly decreased non-specificity. In addition, it exhibited higher thermal stability and comparable pH-dependent FcRn binding to the previous reported monomeric Fc. These results provide baseline to understand the mechanism underlying the generation of soluble IgG1 Fc monomers and warrant the further clinical development of monomeric Fc-based fusion proteins as well as antigen binders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Marshall MJE, Stopforth RJ, Cragg MS. Therapeutic Antibodies: What Have We Learnt from Targeting CD20 and Where Are We Going? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1245. [PMID: 29046676 PMCID: PMC5632755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the fastest growing classes of drugs in recent years and are approved for the treatment of a wide range of indications, from cancer to autoimmune disease. Perhaps the best studied target is the pan B-cell marker CD20. Indeed, the first mAb to receive approval by the Food and Drug Administration for use in cancer treatment was the CD20-targeting mAb rituximab (Rituxan®). Since its approval for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1997, rituximab has been licensed for use in the treatment of numerous other B-cell malignancies, as well as autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis. Despite having a significant impact on the treatment of these patients, the exact mechanisms of action of rituximab remain incompletely understood. Nevertheless, numerous second- and third-generation anti-CD20 mAbs have since been developed using various strategies to enhance specific effector functions thought to be key for efficacy. A plethora of knowledge has been gained during the development and testing of these mAbs, and this knowledge can now be applied to the design of novel mAbs directed to targets beyond CD20. As we enter the "post-rituximab" era, this review will focus on the lessons learned thus far through investigation of anti-CD20 mAb. Also discussed are current and future developments relating to enhanced effector function, such as the ability to form multimers on the target cell surface. These strategies have potential applications not only in oncology but also in the improved treatment of autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases. Finally, potential approaches to overcoming mechanisms of resistance to anti-CD20 therapy are discussed, chiefly involving the combination of anti-CD20 mAbs with various other agents to resensitize patients to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. E. Marshall
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Stopforth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|