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Tanino T, Ueda Y, Nagai N, Ishihara Y, Saijo M, Funakami Y. In vivo upstream factors of mouse hepatotoxic mechanism with sustained hepatic glutathione depletion: Acetaminophen metabolite-erythrocyte adducts and splenic macrophage-generated reactive oxygen species. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111091. [PMID: 38825056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage recently indicated the significance of phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis in the liver. Here, we focused on phagocytosis by iron-containing erythrocyte-devouring splenic macrophages and explored upstream factors of known APAP hepatotoxic mechanisms in vivo. Splenectomy did not alter hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 activity or hepatic glutathione (GSH) content. APAP injection into splenectomized mice almost completely suppressed increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and centrilobular hepatic necrosis showing the spleen to be a critical tissue in APAP-induced liver damage. Hepatic GSH was recovered to approximately 50 % content at 8 h. In non-splenectomized mice, liver damage was dramatically suppressed by a sensitive redox probe (DCFH-DA), macrophage-depleting clodronate (CL), and a NOX2 inhibitor. APAP treatment resulted in markedly stronger fluorescence intensity from DCFH-DA due to excessive ROS around splenic macrophages, which was lost upon co-treatment with a CYP inhibitor and CL. Deformed erythrocytes disappeared in mice co-treated with DCFH-DA, CL, the NOX2 inhibitor, and the CYP inhibitor. Simultaneously, these four compounds significantly improved APAP-depleted GSH levels. The CYP inhibitor also prevented the formation of APAP-cell adducts in the blood and spleen. In the spleen, CL co-treatment markedly reduced the number of adducts. Splenic ferrous iron levels were significantly elevated by APAP. Therefore, we demonstrated that splenic macrophages devoured APAP metabolite-erythrocyte adducts and subsequently splenic macrophage-related ROS caused sustained hepatic GSH depletion and excessive erythrocyte deformation around 7 h. Our data indicate in vivo upstream factors of known APAP hepatotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Tanino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Yukari Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuka Ishihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Minori Saijo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Funakami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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Garcia-Loza I, Perna-Barrull D, Aguilera E, Almenara-Fuentes L, Gomez-Muñoz L, Greco D, Vila M, Salvado M, Mancera-Arteu M, Olszowy MW, Petriz J, Dalmases M, Rodriguez-Vidal S, Barneda-Zahonero B, Vives-Pi M. Targeting macrophages with phosphatidylserine-rich liposomes as a potential antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103196. [PMID: 38458075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a breakdown in immunological tolerance, with pivotal involvement of antigen-presenting cells. In this context, antigen-specific immunotherapies have been developed to arrest autoimmunity, such as phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposomes. However, the role of certain antigen-presenting cells in immunotherapy, particularly human macrophages (Mφ) in T1D remains elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Mφ in antigen-specific immune tolerance and T1D. To that end, we evaluated Mφ ability to capture apoptotic-body mimicking PS-liposomes in mice and conducted a phenotypic and functional characterisation of four human monocyte-derived Mφ (MoMφ) subpopulations (M0, M1, M2a and M2c) after PS-liposomes uptake. Our findings in mice identified Mφ as the most phagocytic cell subset in the spleen and liver. In humans, while phagocytosis rates were comparable between T1D and control individuals, PS-liposome capture dynamics differed among Mφ subtypes, favouring inflammatory (M1) and deactivated (M2c) Mφ. Notably, high nanoparticle concentrations did not affect macrophage viability. PS-liposome uptake by Mφ induced alterations in membrane molecule expression related to immunoregulation, reduced secretion of IL-6 and IL-12, and diminished autologous T-cell proliferation in the context of autoantigen stimulation. These results underscore the tolerogenic effects of PS-liposomes and emphasize their potential to target human Mφ, providing valuable insights into the mechanism of action of this preclinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Garcia-Loza
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Aguilera
- Endocrinology Dept, Germans Trias I Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Petriz
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Endocrinology Dept, Germans Trias I Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain; Ahead Therapeutics SL, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Gill RF, Mathieu PA, Lash LH, Rosenspire AJ. Naturally occurring autoimmune disease in (NZB X NZW) F1 mice is correlated with suppression of MZ B cell development due to aberrant B Cell Receptor (BCR) signaling, which is exacerbated by exposure to inorganic mercury. Toxicol Sci 2023; 197:kfad120. [PMID: 37952249 PMCID: PMC10823778 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are multifactorial and include environmental as well as genetic drivers. Although much progress has been made in understanding the nature of genetic underpinnings of autoimmune disease, by comparison much less is understood regarding how environmental factors interact with genetics in the development of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. In this report, we utilize the (NZB X NZW) F1 mouse model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Mercury is a xenobiotic that is environmentally ubiquitous and is epidemiologically linked with the development of autoimmunity. Among other attributes of human SLE, (NZB X NZW) F1 mice spontaneously develop autoimmune-mediated kidney disease. It has been previously shown that if (NZB X NZW) F1 mice are exposed to inorganic mercury (Hg2+), the development of autoimmunity, including autoimmune kidney pathology, is accelerated. We now show that in these mice the development of kidney disease is correlated with a decreased percentage of marginal zone (MZ) B cells in the spleen. In Hg2+-intoxicated mice, kidney disease is significantly augmented, and matched by a greater decrease in MZ B cell splenic percentages than found in control mice. In Hg2+- intoxicated mice, the decrease in MZ B cells appears to be linked to aberrant B Cell Receptor (BCR) signal strength in transitory 2 (T2) B cells, developmental precursors of MZ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall F Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Patricia A Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Allen J Rosenspire
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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4
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Gomi M, Nakayama Y, Sakurai Y, Oyama R, Iwasaki K, Doi M, Liu Y, Hori M, Watanabe H, Hashimoto K, Tanaka H, Tange K, Nakai Y, Akita H. Tolerogenic Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivering Self-Antigen mRNA for the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1270. [PMID: 37765078 PMCID: PMC10537621 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a disease caused by autoantigen-responsive immune cells that disrupt the myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). Although immunosuppressive drugs are used to suppress symptoms, no definitive therapy exists. As in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, a partial sequence of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) was identified as a causative autoantigen. This suggests that the induction of immune tolerance that is specific to MOG35-55 would be a fundamental treatment for EAE. We previously reported that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing an anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS), in their lipid composition, can be used to deliver mRNA and that this leads to proteins of interest to be expressed in the spleen. In addition to the targeting capability of PS, PS molecules avoid activating the immune system. Physiologically, the recognition of PS on apoptotic cells suppresses immune activation against these cells by releasing cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β that negatively regulate immunity. In this study, we tested whether mRNA delivery of autoantigens to the spleen by PS-LNPs causes the expression of MOG35-55 antigens with minimal immune stimulation and whether this could be used to treat an EAE model by inducing immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Gomi
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakayama
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yu Sakurai
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Oyama
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koki Iwasaki
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Mizuki Doi
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hori
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Himeka Watanabe
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- Life Science Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3, Chidoricho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0865, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakai
- Life Science Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3, Chidoricho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0865, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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5
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Rui Y, Eppler HB, Yanes AA, Jewell CM. Tissue-Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies to Promote Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202238. [PMID: 36417578 PMCID: PMC9992113 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During autoimmunity or organ transplant rejection, the immune system attacks host or transplanted tissue, causing debilitating inflammation for millions of patients. There is no cure for most of these diseases. Further, available therapies modulate inflammation through nonspecific pathways, reducing symptoms but also compromising patients' ability to mount healthy immune responses. Recent preclinical advances to regulate immune dysfunction with vaccine-like antigen specificity reveal exciting opportunities to address the root cause of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Several of these therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials, underscoring the promise of antigen-specific tolerance. Achieving antigen-specific tolerance requires precision and often combinatorial delivery of antigen, cytokines, small molecule drugs, and other immunomodulators. This can be facilitated by biomaterial technologies, which can be engineered to orient and display immunological cues, protect against degradation, and selectively deliver signals to specific tissues or cell populations. In this review, some key immune cell populations involved in autoimmunity and healthy immune tolerance are described. Opportunities for drug delivery to immunological organs are discussed, where specialized tissue-resident immune cells can be programmed to respond in unique ways toward antigens. Finally, cell- and biomaterial-based therapies to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance that are currently undergoing clinical trials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Haleigh B. Eppler
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biological Sciences Training Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexis A. Yanes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biological Sciences Training Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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6
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Regulation of spermatogenic cell apoptosis by the pro-apoptotic proteins in the testicular tissues of mammalian and avian species. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 247:107158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Zhang M, Johnson-Stephenson TK, Wang W, Wang Y, Li J, Li L, Zen K, Chen X, Zhu D. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-educated macrophages alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus by promoting efferocytosis and recruitment of IL-17+ regulatory T cell. STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2022; 13:484. [PMID: 36153633 PMCID: PMC9509559 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Anti-inflammatory polarized macrophages are reported to alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our previous studies have demonstrated that exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells promote the anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. However, the possible therapeutic effect of exosomes from stem cells on SLE remains unexplored.
Methods Exosomes were isolated from the conditioned medium of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells using ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography and were identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunoblotting of exosomal-specific markers. Macrophages were collected from the MRL/lpr mouse kidney. The phenotype of macrophages was identified by immunoblotting for intracellular markers-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 (Arg-1), and flow cytometry for macrophage markers F4/80, CD86, CD206, B7H4, and CD138. Pristane-induced murine lupus nephritis models were employed for in vivo study. Results When macrophages from the kidney of the MRL/lpr mice were treated with exosomes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), the upregulation of CD206, B7H4, CD138, Arg-1, CCL20, and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed, which suggested that the macrophages were polarized to a specific anti-inflammatory phenotype. These anti-inflammatory macrophages produced low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but had a high efferocytosis activity and promoted regulatory T (Treg) cell recruitment. Moreover, exosome injection stimulated the anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages and increased the production of IL-17+ Treg cells in a pristane-induced murine lupus nephritis model. We observed that exosomes from BMMSCs depleted of microRNA-16 (miR-16) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) failed to downregulate PDCD4 and PTEN in macrophages, respectively, and attenuated exosome-induced anti-inflammatory polarization. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that exosomes from BMMSCs promote the anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. These macrophages alleviate SLE nephritis in lupus mice by consuming apoptotic debris and inducing the recruitment of Treg cells. We identify that exosomal delivery of miR-16 and miR-21 is a significant contributor to the polarization of macrophages. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03174-7.
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8
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Tada R, Nagao K, Tanaka R, Yamada S, Watanabe A, Negishi Y. Involvement of splenic marginal zone macrophages in the recognition of systemically administered phosphatidylserine-coated liposomes in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109209. [PMID: 36084540 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases present a significant clinical problem, highlighting the need for the development of novel or improved therapeutic methods. One of the factors that causes autoimmune diseases is a defect in the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Thus, improved apoptotic cell processing has been considered as a strategy to treat autoimmune diseases. However, therapeutic strategies focusing on apoptotic cell clearance have not been approved till date. We have reported that liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine (PS liposomes) exhibit anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects in macrophages. A PS liposome display PS on its surface, which plays a crucial role in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by marginal zone macrophages (MZMs), a key player in the clearance of apoptotic cells, by recognizing PS exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that PS liposomes could be used as "antigen delivery vesicles" to act as a substitute for apoptotic cells in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we showed that systemically administered PS liposomes accumulated in the marginal zone of the spleen due to recognition of surface-displayed PS by MZMs because it was observed that liposomes without PS did not accumulate in the marginal zone. In conclusion, PS liposomes may be useful vehicles to function as active agents and/or antigens against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Nagao
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riki Tanaka
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumire Yamada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Watanabe
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Charoensappakit A, Sae-Khow K, Leelahavanichkul A. Gut Barrier Damage and Gut Translocation of Pathogen Molecules in Lupus, an Impact of Innate Immunity (Macrophages and Neutrophils) in Autoimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158223. [PMID: 35897790 PMCID: PMC9367802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is a single cell layer that separates gut micro-organisms from the host, and gut permeability defects result in the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood. Despite the silent clinical manifestation, gut translocation of microbial molecules can induce systemic inflammation that might be an endogenous exacerbating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus. In contrast, circulatory immune-complex deposition and the effect of medications on the gut, an organ with an extremely large surface area, of patients with active lupus might cause gut translocation of microbial molecules, which worsens lupus severity. Likewise, the imbalance of gut microbiota may initiate lupus and/or interfere with gut integrity which results in microbial translocation and lupus exacerbation. Moreover, immune hyper-responsiveness of innate immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) is demonstrated in a lupus model from the loss of inhibitory Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb), which induces prominent responses through the cross-link between activating-FcgRs and innate immune receptors. The immune hyper-responsiveness can cause cell death, especially apoptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), which possibly exacerbates lupus, partly through the enhanced exposure of the self-antigens. Leaky gut monitoring and treatments (such as probiotics) might be beneficial in lupus. Here, we discuss the current information on leaky gut in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awirut Charoensappakit
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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10
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Xu J, Cao W, Wang P, Liu H. Tumor-Derived Membrane Vesicles: A Promising Tool for Personalized Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070876. [PMID: 35890175 PMCID: PMC9318328 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived membrane vesicles (TDMVs) are non-invasive, chemotactic, easily obtained characteristics and contain various tumor-borne substances, such as nucleic acid and proteins. The unique properties of tumor cells and membranes make them widely used in drug loading, membrane fusion and vaccines. In particular, personalized vectors prepared using the editable properties of cells can help in the design of personalized vaccines. This review focuses on recent research on TDMV technology and its application in personalized immunotherapy. We elucidate the strengths and challenges of TDMVs to promote their application from theory to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.X.); (P.W.)
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China;
| | - Penglai Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.X.); (P.W.)
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Newman-Rivera AM, Kurzhagen JT, Rabb H. TCRαβ+ CD4-/CD8- "double negative" T cells in health and disease-implications for the kidney. Kidney Int 2022; 102:25-37. [PMID: 35413379 PMCID: PMC9233047 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Double negative (DN) T cells, one of the least studied T lymphocyte subgroups, express T cell receptor αβ but lack CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. DN T cells are found in multiple organs including kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, genital tract, and central nervous system. DN T cells suppress inflammatory responses in different disease models including experimental acute kidney injury, and significant evidence supports an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, little is known about these cells in other kidney diseases. Therefore, it is important to better understand different functions of DN T cells and their signaling pathways as promising therapeutic targets, particularly with the increasing application of T cell-directed therapy in humans. In this review, we aim to summarize studies performed on DN T cells in normal and diseased organs in the setting of different disease models with a focus on kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamid Rabb
- Nephrology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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12
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Gough MJ, Crittenden MR. The paradox of radiation and T cells in tumors. Neoplasia 2022; 31:100808. [PMID: 35691060 PMCID: PMC9194456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we consider what appears to be a paradox in immunotherapies based around radiation therapy. The paradox is based on three main points. 1. That T cells are needed for radiation's efficacy; 2. That tumor-specific T cells are enriched in the field of treatment; and 3. That radiation kills T cells in the treatment field. We discuss evidence of the effect of radiation on T cells in the field given their ongoing movement in and out of tissues and the tumor, and how the movement of T cells impacts the treated primary tumor and untreated distant metastases. Given this evidence, we revisit the paradox to understand how the extraordinary efficacy of radiation and immunity in preclinical models is dependent on this radiation sensitive cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR 97213, USA.
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR 97213, USA; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
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13
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Dual inhibition of innate immunity and apoptosis by human cytomegalovirus protein UL37x1 enables efficient virus replication. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1041-1053. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Makhijani P, McGaha TL. Myeloid Responses to Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818538. [PMID: 35320943 PMCID: PMC8934876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are mediators of cell-cell communication playing a key role in both steady-state and disease conditions. Extracellular vesicles carry diverse donor-derived cargos, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids that induce a complex network of signals in recipient cells. Due to their ability to capture particulate matter and/or capacity to polarize and orchestrate tissue responses, myeloid immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages, etc.) rapidly respond to extracellular vesicles, driving local and systemic effects. In cancer, myeloid-extracellular vesicle communication contributes to chronic inflammation, self-tolerance, and therapeutic resistance while in autoimmune disease, extracellular vesicles support inflammation and tissue destruction. Here, we review cellular mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles modulate myeloid immunity in cancer and autoimmune disease, highlighting some contradictory results and outstanding questions. We will also summarize how understanding of extracellular vesicle biology is being utilized for novel therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Makhijani
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L. McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tracy L. McGaha,
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15
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Jamison BL, DiLisio JE, Beard KS, Neef T, Bradley B, Goodman J, Gill RG, Miller SD, Baker RL, Haskins K. Tolerogenic Delivery of a Hybrid Insulin Peptide Markedly Prolongs Islet Graft Survival in the NOD Mouse. Diabetes 2022; 71:483-496. [PMID: 35007324 PMCID: PMC8893950 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The induction of antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance and replacement of islet β-cells are major ongoing goals for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our group previously showed that a hybrid insulin peptide (2.5HIP) is a critical autoantigen for diabetogenic CD4+ T cells in the NOD mouse model. In this study, we investigated whether induction of Ag-specific tolerance using 2.5HIP-coupled tolerogenic nanoparticles (NPs) could protect diabetic NOD mice from disease recurrence upon syngeneic islet transplantation. Islet graft survival was significantly prolonged in mice treated with 2.5HIP NPs, but not NPs containing the insulin B chain peptide 9-23. Protection in 2.5HIP NP-treated mice was attributed both to the simultaneous induction of anergy in 2.5HIP-specific effector T cells and the expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells specific for the same Ag. Notably, our results indicate that effector function of graft-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific for other β-cell epitopes was significantly impaired, suggesting a novel mechanism of therapeutically induced linked suppression. This work establishes that tolerance induction with an HIP can delay recurrent autoimmunity in NOD mice, which could inform the development of an Ag-specific therapy for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton L. Jamison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - James E. DiLisio
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Tobias Neef
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Brenda Bradley
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jessica Goodman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ronald G. Gill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rocky L. Baker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Corresponding author: Kathryn Haskins,
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16
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Bellomo A, Gentek R, Golub R, Bajénoff M. Macrophage-fibroblast circuits in the spleen. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:104-125. [PMID: 34028841 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are an integral part of all organs in the body, where they contribute to immune surveillance, protection, and tissue-specific homeostatic functions. This is facilitated by so-called niches composed of macrophages and their surrounding stroma. These niches structurally anchor macrophages and provide them with survival factors and tissue-specific signals that imprint their functional identity. In turn, macrophages ensure appropriate functioning of the niches they reside in. Macrophages thus form reciprocal, mutually beneficial circuits with their cellular niches. In this review, we explore how this concept applies to the spleen, a large secondary lymphoid organ whose primary functions are to filter the blood and regulate immunity. We first outline the splenic micro-anatomy, the different populations of splenic fibroblasts and macrophages and their respective contribution to protection of and key physiological processes occurring in the spleen. We then discuss firmly established and potential cellular circuits formed by splenic macrophages and fibroblasts, with an emphasis on the molecular cues underlying their crosstalk and their relevance to splenic functionality. Lastly, we conclude by considering how these macrophage-fibroblast circuits might be impaired by aging, and how understanding these changes might help identify novel therapeutic avenues with the potential of restoring splenic functions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bellomo
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Golub
- Inserm U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Lymphopoiesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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17
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Watkins EA, Antane JT, Roberts JL, Lorentz KM, Zuerndorfer S, Dunaif AC, Bailey LJ, Tremain AC, Nguyen M, De Loera RC, Wallace RP, Weathered RK, Kontos S, Hubbell JA. Persistent antigen exposure via the eryptotic pathway drives terminal T cell dysfunction. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/56/eabe1801. [PMID: 33637595 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although most current treatments for autoimmunity involve broad immunosuppression, recent efforts have aimed to suppress T cells in an antigen-specific manner to minimize risk of infection. One such effort is through targeting antigen to the apoptotic pathway to increase presentation of the antigen of interest in a tolerogenic context. Erythrocytes present a rational candidate to target because of their high rate of eryptosis, which facilitates continual uptake by antigen-presenting cells in the spleen. Here, we develop an approach that binds antigens to erythrocytes to induce sustained T cell dysfunction. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses revealed signatures of self-tolerance and exhaustion, including up-regulation of PD-1, CTLA4, Lag3, and TOX. Antigen-specific T cells were incapable of responding to an adjuvanted antigenic challenge even months after antigen clearance. With this strategy, we prevented pathology in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. CD8+ T cell education occurred in the spleen and was dependent on cross-presenting Batf3+ dendritic cells. These results demonstrate that antigens associated with eryptotic erythrocytes induce lasting T cell dysfunction that could be protective in deactivating pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A Watkins
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer T Antane
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jaeda L Roberts
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | - Anya C Dunaif
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Tremain
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mindy Nguyen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Roberto C De Loera
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rachel P Wallace
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rachel K Weathered
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. .,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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18
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Lamorte S, Shinde R, McGaha TL. Nuclear receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and macrophage function. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 78:100942. [PMID: 33451803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of innate immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Evidence indicates that NRs significantly impact steady-state immune regulation, uptake and processing of apoptotic cells, tolerance induction, and control of inflammatory immunity. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the NR activity for balancing inflammation and tolerance, the signaling cascade inducing the NR activation and functional responses, and different mechanisms of the NR-driven immune effects in the context of autoimmune diseases. We further describe the ligand-activated transcription factor the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that exhibits analogous functionality. Moreover, we will discuss the putative role of NRs and AhR in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis providing a rationale for therapeutic targeting as a unique opportunities in the clinical management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lamorte
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rahul Shinde
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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19
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Garimella MG, He C, Chen G, Li QZ, Huang X, Karlsson MCI. The B cell response to both protein and nucleic acid antigens displayed on apoptotic cells are dependent on endosomal pattern recognition receptors. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102582. [PMID: 33296829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), B cell tolerance is lost and there is a production of autoantibodies that drive pathology. The specificities of these antibodies are towards a wide range of autoantigens including proteins such as serum factors including cytokines as well as towards nucleic acids and modified glycolipids. It is known that endosomal pattern recognition receptors are involved in specific responses but if they drive specificity towards a specific group of autoantigens is not known. Here, we used syngeneic apoptotic cells alone to break B cell tolerance and investigated the antibody response in Unc93b1 mutant mice that lack signalling from the TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 receptors. We found that specific B cell responses known from patients with SLE including antibodies towards Ro-52/60, La, cardiolipin as well as DNA were all significantly lower in the knockout mice. Thus, we found that endosomal TLR receptors were involved in break of tolerance and drive B cell responses for protein, nucleic acid and modified lipid antigens. This pinpoints these receptors as key drivers for the full range of antibody driven pathology in SLE and suggests that targeting of endosomal TLR driven responses will quench all B cell driven autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa G Garimella
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Biomedicum, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Chenfei He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Biomedicum, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Guangchun Chen
- Microarray Core, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Biomedicum, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden.
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20
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Rohrbeck L, Adori M, Wang S, He C, Tibbitt CA, Chernyshev M, Sirel M, Ribacke U, Murrell B, Bohlooly-Y M, Karlsson MC, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Coquet JM. GPR43 regulates marginal zone B-cell responses to foreign and endogenous antigens. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:234-243. [PMID: 32888232 PMCID: PMC7891568 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells are innate‐like B cells that produce polyreactive antibodies with an affinity for microbial molecular patterns and carbohydrate ligands. MZ B cells have been shown to be important in mediating immunity to various bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae and are also implicated in inflammatory syndromes including lupus erythematosus. The intestinal microbiota is responsible for producing short‐chain fatty acids, which can regulate immune cell function by several mechanisms including ligation of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPR)43. Herein, we show that MZ B cells express Gpr43 messenger RNA and that the absence of this receptor impacts on MZ B‐cell surface marker expression and antibody production. In T‐cell‐independent responses to the hapten 4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenylacetic acid (NP), mice deficient in GPR43 displayed higher serum titers of NP‐specific antibodies. Moreover, in response to a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, GPR43‐deficient mice developed robust serum antibody responses and had markedly increased numbers of splenic antibody‐secreting cells, compared with control mice. Finally, serum immunoglobulin M autoantibodies to double‐stranded DNA and phosphatidylcholine were increased in resting 10–15‐week‐old mice lacking GPR43. Taken together, mice lacking GPR43 have heightened antibody responses to T‐cell‐independent antigens, which may be a result of impaired regulation of MZ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Rohrbeck
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Adori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chenfei He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Chernyshev
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Madle Sirel
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ribacke
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Murrell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ci Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Marinkovic D, Marinkovic T. Putative role of marginal zone B cells in pathophysiological processes. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12920. [PMID: 32594535 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of inner integrity of an organism is founded on the proper performance of two immunity branches, innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, it became apparent that subset of splenic B cells named marginal zone B cells (MZB cells) exhibits unique developmental and functional features that bridge these two immunity branches. Strategically positioned at the site where blood and lymph are filtered, MZB cells represent a population of sentinels that rapidly proliferate and differentiate into IgM plasmablast cells when encountered with blood-borne, thymus-independent (TI) Ags. Moreover, MZB cells have intrinsic capability to induce potent CD4+ helper T cell response and cytokine production upon stimulation with soluble antigens. Due to their ability to overcome a time gap prior the establishment of the full adaptive response towards pathogens, MZB cells connect and direct innate and adaptive immunity. An additional interesting characteristic of MZB cells is capacity to function as regulatory cells in autoimmune processes. MZB cells may also contribute to the control of autoimmunity via the induction of tolerance by apoptotic cells. Importantly, in the clear association with inflammation and autoimmunity, MZB cells may transform into MALT lymphoma, representing a concurrence point for the infection, immunity and malignancy. This paper presents an insight into the complex biology of marginal zone B cells and their role in intertwining and directing innate and adaptive immune processes at the physiological and pathological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Marinkovic
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Li H, Adamopoulos IE, Moulton VR, Stillman IE, Herbert Z, Moon JJ, Sharabi A, Krishfield S, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. Systemic lupus erythematosus favors the generation of IL-17 producing double negative T cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2859. [PMID: 32503973 PMCID: PMC7275084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature double negative (DN) T cells are a population of αβ T cells that lack CD4 and CD8 coreceptors and contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The splenic marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) are important for establishing immune tolerance, and loss of their number or function contributes to the progression of SLE. Here we show that loss of MZMs impairs the tolerogenic clearance of apoptotic cells and alters the serum cytokine profile, which in turn provokes the generation of DN T cells from self-reactive CD8+ T cells. Increased Ki67 expression, narrowed TCR V-beta repertoire usage and diluted T-cell receptor excision circles confirm that DN T cells from lupus-prone mice and patients with SLE undergo clonal proliferation and expansion in a self-antigen dependent manner, which supports the shared mechanisms for their generation. Collectively, our results provide a link between the loss of MZMs and the expansion of DN T cells, and indicate possible strategies to prevent the development of SLE. Splenic marginal zone macrophages can establish immune tolerance and limit the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here the authors show that these cells do this by clearing apoptotic cells, and defects in these cells result in the generation of self-reactive double negative T cells that are known to contribute to SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Vaishali R Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zach Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 21-27 Burlington Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Krishfield
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Bose RJC, Tharmalingam N, Garcia Marques FJ, Sukumar UK, Natarajan A, Zeng Y, Robinson E, Bermudez A, Chang E, Habte F, Pitteri SJ, McCarthy JR, Gambhir SS, Massoud TF, Mylonakis E, Paulmurugan R. Reconstructed Apoptotic Bodies as Targeted "Nano Decoys" to Treat Intracellular Bacterial Infections within Macrophages and Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5818-5835. [PMID: 32347709 PMCID: PMC9116903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a highly pathogenic facultative anaerobe that in some instances resides as an intracellular bacterium within macrophages and cancer cells. This pathogen can establish secondary infection foci, resulting in recurrent systemic infections that are difficult to treat using systemic antibiotics. Here, we use reconstructed apoptotic bodies (ReApoBds) derived from cancer cells as "nano decoys" to deliver vancomycin intracellularly to kill S. aureus by targeting inherent "eat me" signaling of ApoBds. We prepared ReApoBds from different cancer cells (SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, U87-MG, and LN229) and used them for vancomycin delivery. Physicochemical characterization showed ReApoBds size ranges from 80 to 150 nm and vancomycin encapsulation efficiency of 60 ± 2.56%. We demonstrate that the loaded vancomycin was able to kill intracellular S. aureus efficiently in an in vitro model of S. aureus infected RAW-264.7 macrophage cells, and U87-MG (p53-wt) and LN229 (p53-mt) cancer cells, compared to free-vancomycin treatment (P < 0.001). The vancomycin loaded ReApoBds treatment in S. aureus infected macrophages showed a two-log-order higher CFU reduction than the free-vancomycin treatment group. In vivo studies revealed that ReApoBds can specifically target macrophages and cancer cells. Vancomycin loaded ReApoBds have the potential to kill intracellular S. aureus infection in vivo in macrophages and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran J C Bose
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Nagendran Tharmalingam
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
| | - Fernando J Garcia Marques
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Uday Kumar Sukumar
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Elise Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Frezghi Habte
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker Street, Utica, New York 13501, United States
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
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24
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Marginal zone SIGN-R1 + macrophages are essential for the maturation of germinal center B cells in the spleen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12295-12305. [PMID: 32424104 PMCID: PMC7275705 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921673117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are critical for the generation of memory B cells and high-affinity antibody-producing cells. This process is important for protection from acute infections and for establishment of long-lasting immunity in response to vaccination. The microanatomic organization of distinct niches within lymphoid tissues is fundamental for GC responses, as it provides the basis for coordinated interactions between rare antigen-specific cells and antigen-presenting cells. Here we reveal a role for a specialized resident macrophage subset in maintaining positional regulation of a key antigen-presenting cell type within functional niches in the spleen. Our study demonstrates the importance of this regulation to humoral immunity. The mechanisms that regulate germinal center (GC) B cell responses in the spleen are not fully understood. Here we use a combination of pharmacologic and genetic approaches to delete SIGN-R1+ marginal zone (MZ) macrophages and reveal their specific contribution to the regulation of humoral immunity in the spleen. We find that while SIGN-R1+ macrophages were not essential for initial activation of B cells, they were required for maturation of the response and development of GC B cells. These defects could be corrected when follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were induced before macrophage ablation or when Tfh responses were enhanced. Moreover, we show that in the absence of SIGN-R1+ macrophages, DCIR2+ dendritic cells (DCs), which play a key role in priming Tfh responses, were unable to cluster to the interfollicular regions of the spleen and were instead displaced to the MZ. Restoring SIGN-R1+ macrophages to the spleen corrected positioning of DCIR2+ DCs and rescued the GC B cell response. Our study reveals a previously unappreciated role for SIGN-R1+ macrophages in regulation of the GC reaction and highlights the functional specification of macrophage subsets in the MZ compartment.
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25
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Stranavova L, Hruba P, Slatinska J, Sawitzki B, Reinke P, Volk HD, Viklicky O. Dialysis therapy is associated with peripheral marginal zone B-cell augmentation. Transpl Immunol 2020; 60:101289. [PMID: 32229239 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) dialysis patients who stay long term in uremic environment often exhibit several, poorly defined, immune impairments. In this study, we assessed peripheral virus-specific effector/memory cells and subpopulations of T, B and DC cells using ELISPOT and FACS methods in 74 low-risk kidney transplant candidates without anti-HLA antibodies, prior to transplantation in pre-emptive (never experienced dialysis) and dialysis cohorts. There was difference in circulating marginal zone B cells (MZB) (IgDhighCD27high) between dialysis patients and those receiving kidney grafts pre-emptively (P = .002). Patients treated on dialysis >12 months had also 4.2-fold greater risk of increased absolute numbers of MZB (95%CI:1.6-11.2; P = .004). There were no other differences in B-, T- and DC-cell subsets. Numbers of effector/memory T cells reactive to major opportunistic virus-specific antigens (CMV, BKV and EBV) were not affected by dialysis. Non-sensitised dialysis-treated patients displayed significantly more circulating MZB compared to those CKD5 patients that had never undergone dialysis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Stranavova
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hruba
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janka Slatinska
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- BIH Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- BIH Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Zhang Q, Xiang L, Zaman MH, Dong W, He G, Deng GM. Predominant Role of Immunoglobulin G in the Pathogenesis of Splenomegaly in Murine Lupus. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3020. [PMID: 32082297 PMCID: PMC7005523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by high levels of autoantibodies and multiorgan tissue damage. The pathogenesis of splenomegaly in SLE remains unknown. In this study, the role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) generation and deposition in the inflammation of the spleen and associated dysfunction in SLE was investigated. In the lupus mice, we observed the development of spontaneous splenomegaly, and we found that lupus serum IgG is an important pathological factor involved in the initiation of inflammation and further germinal center (GC) and plasma cell formation. We discovered that macrophages of the splenic marginal zone are dispensable for the GC response induced by lupus IgG, but red pulp macrophages are important for GC responses. Furthermore, we found that pathogenic lupus IgG promotes inflammation and GC formation through the macrophage-mediated secretion of TNF-α. Syk inhibitor treatment suppressed the changes in the histopathology of the spleen induced by lupus IgG. This study will contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of splenomegaly in lupus and promote the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Haidar Zaman
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guodan He
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Min Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Fujiyama S, Nakahashi-Oda C, Abe F, Wang Y, Sato K, Shibuya A. Identification and isolation of splenic tissue-resident macrophage sub-populations by flow cytometry. Int Immunol 2019; 31:51-56. [PMID: 30256964 PMCID: PMC6364618 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages in the spleen, including red pulp and white pulp macrophages, marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) and marginal zone metallophilic macrophages (MMMs), are highly heterogeneous as a consequence of adaptation to tissue-specific environments. Each macrophage sub-population in the spleen is usually identified based on the localization, morphology and membrane antigen expression by immunohistochemistry. However, their phenotypical and functional characteristics remain incompletely understood due to the difficulty of identification and isolation by flow cytometry. We used a cocktail of three enzymes (Collagenase D, Dispase I and DNase I), rather than traditional mechanical grinding, for isolation of each sub-population, which resulted in significant improvement of isolation of these macrophage sub-populations, particularly MZMs and MMMs, as determined by CD11bhiF4/80medTim4hi and CD11bhiF4/80medTim4med, respectively. This method should be helpful for molecular and functional characterization of each splenic resident macrophage sub-population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujiyama
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chigusa Nakahashi-Oda
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumie Abe
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,PhD Program in Human Biology, Leading Graduate School, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Tissue macrophages rapidly recognize and engulf apoptotic cells. These events require the display of so-called eat-me signals on the apoptotic cell surface, the most fundamental of which is phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Externalization of this phospholipid is catalysed by scramblase enzymes, several of which are activated by caspase cleavage. PtdSer is detected both by macrophage receptors that bind to this phospholipid directly and by receptors that bind to a soluble bridging protein that is independently bound to PtdSer. Prominent among the latter receptors are the MER and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases. Eat-me signals also trigger macrophages to engulf virus-infected or metabolically traumatized, but still living, cells, and this 'murder by phagocytosis' may be a common phenomenon. Finally, the localized presentation of PtdSer and other eat-me signals on delimited cell surface domains may enable the phagocytic pruning of these 'locally dead' domains by macrophages, most notably by microglia of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Lemke
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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29
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Backer RA, Diener N, Clausen BE. Langerin +CD8 + Dendritic Cells in the Splenic Marginal Zone: Not So Marginal After All. Front Immunol 2019; 10:741. [PMID: 31031751 PMCID: PMC6474365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) fulfill an essential sentinel function within the immune system, acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. The DC family, both in mouse and man, shows high functional heterogeneity in order to orchestrate immune responses toward the immense variety of pathogens and other immunological threats. In this review, we focus on the Langerin+CD8+ DC subpopulation in the spleen. Langerin+CD8+ DC exhibit a high ability to take up apoptotic/dying cells, and therefore they are essential to prime and shape CD8+ T cell responses. Next to the induction of immunity toward blood-borne pathogens, i.e., viruses, these DC are important for the regulation of tolerance toward cell-associated self-antigens. The ontogeny and differentiation pathways of CD8+CD103+ DC should be further explored to better understand the immunological role of these cells as a prerequisite of their therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Backer
- Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Diener
- Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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30
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Asano K, Kikuchi K, Tanaka M. CD169 macrophages regulate immune responses toward particulate materials in the circulating fluid. J Biochem 2018; 164:77-85. [PMID: 29905851 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages comprise heterogeneous subsets that differ in localization, phenotype and ontogeny. They acquire tissue-specific phenotype in order to maintain normal tissue physiology. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the functions of CD169-positive macrophage subset residing in the lymphoid organs and intestinal tract. Strategically positioned at the interface between tissue and circulating fluid, CD169+ macrophages in the lymphoid organs capture blood- and lymph-borne particulate materials. Antigen information relayed by CD169+ macrophages to neighbouring immune cells is important for enhancement of antimicrobial and antitumour immunity as well as induction of tolerance. In the intestinal tract, CD169+ macrophages localize distantly from epithelial border. Following mucosal injury, they exacerbate inflammation by producing CCL8 that recruits inflammatory monocytes. As such, a better understanding of CD169+ macrophage phenotypes may enable the design of tissue-specific therapies for both immunological and non-immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kenta Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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31
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Yakoub AM, Schulz R, Seiffert M, Sadek M. Autoantigen-Harboring Apoptotic Cells Hijack the Coinhibitory Pathway of T Cell Activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10533. [PMID: 30002409 PMCID: PMC6043626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important physiological process in development and disease. Apoptotic cells (ACs) are a major source of self-antigens, but ACs usually evade immune responses. The mechanism by which ACs repress T cell adaptive immune responses is poorly understood. T cell activation is finely regulated by a balance of costimulatory signaling (mediated by the costimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells) and coinhibitory signaling (mediated by the coinhibitory ligands CD80 and PD-L1 and -2 on Antigen-Presenting Cells). Here, we found that ACs specifically upregulated the coinhibitory ligand CD80 on macrophages. Conversely, ACs did not exhibit a robust regulation of the other coinhibitory ligands on macrophages or the costimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells. We show that the robust positive regulation of CD80 by ACs requires phagocytosis of ACs by macrophages. We also demonstrate that CD80 modulation by dead cells is a specific effect of ACs, but not necrotic cells (which stimulate immune responses). These results indicate that ACs modulate the coinhibitory pathway of T cell activation via CD80, and suggest a role for CD80 in suppressing T cell responses by ACs. Understanding a mechanism of regulating adaptive immune responses to ACs, which harbor an abundance of self-antigens, may advance our understanding of mechanisms of regulating autoimmunity and facilitate future therapy development for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraam M Yakoub
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ralph Schulz
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Sadek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, USA
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32
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A-Gonzalez N, Castrillo A. Origin and specialization of splenic macrophages. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:151-158. [PMID: 29779612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage heterogeneity in the spleen has been long documented, with four subsets populating the different splenic compartments. The diverse environments on the splenic compartments determine their varied phenotype and functions. In the white pulp, highly phagocytic macrophages contribute to the generation of the immune response. The marginal zone contains two populations of macrophages, which also contribute to the immune response. Their strategic position in the bloodstream and their unique phenotype confer them a crucial role in the defense against blood borne pathogens, placing them at the crossroad between innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages in the red pulp are classically linked to homeostatic and metabolic functions in erythrocyte phagocytosis and iron recycling. We review here recent advances demonstrating the importance of macrophage ontogeny and organ development in determining the phenotype, transcriptional profile and, ultimately, the functions of the populations of splenic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia A-Gonzalez
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas y Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (IIBM CSIC-UAM), IIBM Madrid, Spain; Unidad De Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), IIBM- Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Grupo de Investigación en medio ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomedicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS, ULPGC), Spain
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33
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Shinde R, Hezaveh K, Halaby MJ, Kloetgen A, Chakravarthy A, da Silva Medina T, Deol R, Manion KP, Baglaenko Y, Eldh M, Lamorte S, Wallace D, Chodisetti SB, Ravishankar B, Liu H, Chaudhary K, Munn DH, Tsirigos A, Madaio M, Gabrielsson S, Touma Z, Wither J, De Carvalho DD, McGaha TL. Apoptotic cell-induced AhR activity is required for immunological tolerance and suppression of systemic lupus erythematosus in mice and humans. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:571-582. [PMID: 29760532 PMCID: PMC5976527 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor AhR modulates immunity at multiple levels. Here we report phagocytes exposed to apoptotic cells exhibited rapid activation of AhR, which drove production of interleukin 10. Activation of AhR was dependent on interactions between apoptotic-cell DNA and the pattern-recognition receptor TLR9 that was required for prevention of immune responses to DNA and histones in vivo. Moreover, disease progression in murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) correlated with strength of the AhR signal, and disease course could be altered by modulation of AhR activity. Deletion of AhR in the myeloid lineage caused systemic autoimmunity in mice and an increased AhR transcriptional signature correlated with disease in patients with SLE. Thus, AhR activity induced by apoptotic cell phagocytes maintains peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shinde
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Jo Halaby
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ankur Chakravarthy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reema Deol
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kieran P Manion
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Eldh
- Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Lamorte
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Drew Wallace
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Immunology, Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kapil Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahi Touma
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan Wither
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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34
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Soni C, Schell SL, Fasnacht MJ, Chodisetti SB, Rahman ZS. Crucial role of Mer tyrosine kinase in the maintenance of SIGN-R1 + marginal zone macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:298-315. [PMID: 29345385 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mer Tyrosine Kinase receptor (Mer) is involved in anti-inflammatory efferocytosis. Here we report elevated spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) responses in Mer-deficient mice (Mer-/- ) that are associated with the loss of SIGN-R1+ marginal zone macrophages (MZMs). The dissipation of MZMs in Mer-/- mice occurs independently of reduced cellularity or delocalization of marginal zone B cells, sinusoidal cells or of CD169+ metallophillic macrophages. We find that MZM dissipation in Mer-/- mice contributes to apoptotic cell (AC) accumulation in Spt-GCs and dysregulation of the GC checkpoint, allowing an expansion of DNA-reactive B cells in GCs. We further observe that bone marrow derived macrophages from Mer-/- mice produce more TNFα, and are susceptible to cell death upon exposure to ACs compared to WT macrophages. Anti-TNFα Ab treatment of Mer-/- mice is, however, unable to reverse MZM loss, but results in reduced Spt-GC responses, indicating that TNFα promotes Spt-GC responses in Mer-/- mice. Contrary to an anti-TNFα Ab treatment, treatment of Mer-/- mice with a synthetic agonist for the transcription factor LXRα rescues a significant number of MZMs in vivo. Our data suggest that Mer-LXRα signaling plays an important role in the differentiation and maintenance of MZMs, which in turn regulate Spt-GC responses and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Ziaur Sm Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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35
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Sóñora C, Arbildi P, Miraballes-Martínez I, Hernández A. Development of novel fluorescent particles applicable for phagocytosis assays with human macrophages. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:70-83. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1397018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sóñora
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica - Facultad de Ciencias y Departamento de Biociencias - Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Escuela Universitaria de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paula Arbildi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica - Facultad de Ciencias y Departamento de Biociencias - Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Iris Miraballes-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Hernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica - Facultad de Ciencias y Departamento de Biociencias - Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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36
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Zhang CX, Chen J, Cai L, Wu J, Wang JY, Cao LF, Zhou W, Chen TX. DNA induction of MDM2 promotes proliferation of human renal mesangial cells and alters peripheral B cells subsets in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:166-175. [PMID: 29324237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimed to investigate the role of MDM2 in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) in pediatric SLE (pSLE). We confirmed that MDM2 expression was increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as renal specimen of SLE compared with that of controls by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Percentage of apoptotic and necrotic CD4+T, CD8+T and B cells were detected by flow cytometry respectively and levels of plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) were quantified in SLE and healthy controls (HC). We also proved that elevated apoptotic and necrotic CD4+T cells were the main cause for increased plasma levels of cfDNA in pSLE. Additionally, upon DNA transfection MDM2 increased while P53 and P21 decreased in human renal mesangial cells (HRMC), with concomitant increase in proliferation rate and proportion of cells in S phase, as demonstrated by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis. However, MDM2 inhibition reversed the trend. Furthermore, percentage of switched memory B cells decreased and proportion of double negative B cells increased upon blockage of MDM2 in PBMC. In summary, our study provided the first evidence that DNA induction of MDM2 promotes proliferation of HRMC and alters peripheral B cells subsets in pSLE. Thus our study has not only elucidated the pathogenesis of MDM2 in pediatric LN but also provided a novel target for drug development. In conclusion, our data suggested that apoptosis, cfDNA and MDM2 could form a pathological axis in SLE, especially in pSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xing Zhang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lan-Fang Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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37
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Hirayama D, Iida T, Nakase H. The Phagocytic Function of Macrophage-Enforcing Innate Immunity and Tissue Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E92. [PMID: 29286292 PMCID: PMC5796042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system that phagocytose bacteria and secrete both pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators. In addition, macrophages play an important role in eliminating diseased and damaged cells through their programmed cell death. Generally, macrophages ingest and degrade dead cells, debris, tumor cells, and foreign materials. They promote homeostasis by responding to internal and external changes within the body, not only as phagocytes, but also through trophic, regulatory, and repair functions. Recent studies demonstrated that macrophages differentiate from hematopoietic stem cell-derived monocytes and embryonic yolk sac macrophages. The latter mainly give rise to tissue macrophages. Macrophages exist in all vertebrate tissues and have dual functions in host protection and tissue injury, which are maintained at a fine balance. Tissue macrophages have heterogeneous phenotypes in different tissue environments. In this review, we focused on the phagocytic function of macrophage-enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis for a better understanding of the role of tissue macrophages in several pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-jo Nishi 16-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-jo Nishi 16-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-jo Nishi 16-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
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Xu X, Bian L, Shen M, Li X, Zhu J, Chen S, Xiao L, Zhang Q, Chen H, Xu K, Yang T. Multipeptide-coupled nanoparticles induce tolerance in 'humanised' HLA-transgenic mice and inhibit diabetogenic CD8 + T cell responses in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2418-2431. [PMID: 28887632 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance may provide an attractive immunotherapy in the NOD mouse model but the conditions that lead to the successful translation to human type 1 diabetes are limited. In this study, we covalently linked 500 nm carboxylated polystyrene beads (PSB) with a mixture of immunodominant HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes (peptides-PSB) that may have high clinical relevance in humans as they promote immune tolerance; we then investigated the effect of the nanoparticle-peptide complexes on T cell tolerance. METHODS PSB-coupled mixtures of HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes were administered to HHD II mice via intravenous injection. The effects on delaying the course of the disease were verified in NOD.β2m null HHD mice. The diabetogenic HLA-A*02:01-restricted cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses to treatment with peptides-PSB were validated in individuals with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS We showed that peptides-PSB could induce antigen-specific tolerance in HHD II mice. The protective immunological mechanisms were mediated through the function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, suppressive T cell activation and T cell anergy. Furthermore, the peptides-PSB induced an activation and accumulation of regulatory T cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells through a rapid production of CD169+ macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22). Peptides-PSB also prevented diabetes in 'humanised' NOD.β2m null HHD mice and suppressed pathogenic CTL responses in people with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate for the first time the potential for using multipeptide-PSB complexes to induce T cell tolerance and halt the autoimmune process. These findings represent a promising platform for an antigen-specific tolerance strategy in type 1 diabetes and highlight a mechanism through which metallophilic macrophages mediate the early cell-cell interactions required for peptides-PSB-induced immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Bian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Tsai F, Homan PJ, Agrawal H, Misharin AV, Abdala-Valencia H, Haines GK, Dominguez S, Bloomfield CL, Saber R, Chang A, Mohan C, Hutcheson J, Davidson A, Budinger GRS, Bouillet P, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C, Winter DR, Cuda CM, Perlman H. Bim suppresses the development of SLE by limiting myeloid inflammatory responses. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3753-3773. [PMID: 29114065 PMCID: PMC5716039 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsai et al. demonstrate that loss of Bim (BCL2L11) in myeloid cells in mice (LysMCreBimfl/fl) is sufficient to induce systemic autoimmunity. Kidney macrophages in LysMCreBimfl/fl mice possess a proinflammatory transcriptional signature and signal through TRIF to cause end-stage glomerulonephritis. The Bcl-2 family is considered the guardian of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. We demonstrate that Bim acts as a molecular rheostat by controlling macrophage function not only in lymphoid organs but also in end organs, thereby preventing the break in tolerance. Mice lacking Bim in myeloid cells (LysMCreBimfl/fl) develop a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–like disease that mirrors aged Bim−/− mice, including loss of marginal zone macrophages, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, autoantibodies (including anti-DNA IgG), and a type I interferon signature. LysMCreBimfl/fl mice exhibit increased mortality attributed to glomerulonephritis (GN). Moreover, the toll-like receptor signaling adaptor protein TRIF (TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-β) is essential for GN, but not systemic autoimmunity in LysMCreBimfl/fl mice. Bim-deleted kidney macrophages exhibit a novel transcriptional lupus signature that is conserved within the gene expression profiles from whole kidney biopsies of patients with SLE. Collectively, these data suggest that the Bim may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuNien Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Philip J Homan
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - G Kenneth Haines
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Salina Dominguez
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina L Bloomfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Rana Saber
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Anne Davidson
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah R Winter
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Harris Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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40
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Tsai F, Perlman H, Cuda CM. The contribution of the programmed cell death machinery in innate immune cells to lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:74-85. [PMID: 27780774 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-factorial autoimmune disease initiated by genetic and environmental factors, which in combination trigger disease onset in susceptible individuals. Damage to the kidney as a consequence of lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most prevalent and severe outcomes, as LN affects up to 60% of SLE patients and accounts for much of SLE-associated morbidity and mortality. As remarkable strides have been made in unlocking new inflammatory mechanisms associated with signaling molecules of programmed cell death pathways, this review explores the available evidence implicating the action of these pathways specifically within dendritic cells and macrophages in the control of kidney disease. Although advancements into the underlying mechanisms responsible for inducing cell death inflammatory pathways have been made, there still exist areas of unmet need. By understanding the molecular mechanisms by which dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to LN pathogenesis, we can improve their viability as potential therapeutic targets to promote remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuNien Tsai
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 240 East Huron Street, Room M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Harris Perlman
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 240 East Huron Street, Room M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 240 East Huron Street, Room M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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41
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Marshak-Rothstein A. Autoimmunity--promoting and stabilizing innate immunity 'UNWUCHT'. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:7-10. [PMID: 26683141 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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42
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Duhlin A, Chen Y, Wermeling F, Sedimbi SK, Lindh E, Shinde R, Halaby MJ, Kaiser Y, Winqvist O, McGaha TL, Karlsson MCI. Selective Memory to Apoptotic Cell-Derived Self-Antigens with Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2618-26. [PMID: 27559051 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by pathogenic immune responses to self-antigens. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many self-antigens are found in apoptotic cells (ACs), and defects in removal of ACs from the body are linked to a risk for developing SLE. This includes pathological memory that gives rise to disease flares. In this study, we investigated how memory to AC-derived self-antigens develops and the contribution of self-memory to the development of lupus-related pathology. Multiple injections of ACs without adjuvant into wild-type mice induce a transient primary autoimmune response without apparent anti-nuclear Ab reactivity or kidney pathology. Interestingly, as the transient Ab response reached baseline, a single boost injection fully recalled the immune response to ACs, and this memory response was furthermore transferable into naive mice. Additionally, the memory response contains elements of pathogenicity, accompanied by selective memory to selective Ags. Thus, we provide evidence for a selective self-memory that underlies progression of the response to self-antigens with implications for SLE development therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Duhlin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunying Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Saikiran K Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Lindh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Shinde
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marie Jo Halaby
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ylva Kaiser
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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43
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Saas P, Daguindau E, Perruche S. Concise Review: Apoptotic Cell-Based Therapies-Rationale, Preclinical Results and Future Clinical Developments. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1464-73. [PMID: 27018198 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this review are to summarize the experimental data obtained using apoptotic cell-based therapies, and then to discuss future clinical developments. Indeed, apoptotic cells exhibit immunomodulatory properties that are reviewed here by focusing on more recent mechanisms. These immunomodulatory mechanisms are in particular linked to the clearance of apoptotic cells (called also efferocytosis) by phagocytes, such as macrophages, and the induction of regulatory T cells. Thus, apoptotic cell-based therapies have been used to prevent or treat experimental inflammatory diseases. Based on these studies, we have identified critical steps to design future clinical trials. This includes: the administration route, the number and schedule of administration, the appropriate apoptotic cell type to be used, as well as the apoptotic signal. We also have analyzed the clinical relevancy of apoptotic-cell-based therapies in experimental models. Additional experimental data are required concerning the treatment of inflammatory diseases (excepted for sepsis) before considering future clinical trials. In contrast, apoptotic cells have been shown to favor engraftment and to reduce acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in different relevant models of transplantation. This has led to the conduct of a phase 1/2a clinical trial to alleviate GvHD. The absence of toxic effects obtained in this trial may support the development of other clinical studies based on this new cell therapy. Stem Cells 2016;34:1464-1473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Saas
- INSERM, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, Besançon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, Besançon, France
| | - Etienne Daguindau
- INSERM, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, Besançon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, Besançon, France.,CHRU Besançon, Hématologie, Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- INSERM, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, Besançon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, Besançon, France
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