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Symmonds J, Gaufin T, Xu C, Raehtz KD, Ribeiro RM, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. Making a Monkey out of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis: Immune Cell Depletion Experiments as a Tool to Understand the Immune Correlates of Protection and Pathogenicity in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:972. [PMID: 38932264 PMCID: PMC11209256 DOI: 10.3390/v16060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis is critical for designing successful HIV vaccines and cure strategies. However, achieving this goal is complicated by the virus's direct interactions with immune cells, the induction of persistent reservoirs in the immune system cells, and multiple strategies developed by the virus for immune evasion. Meanwhile, HIV and SIV infections induce a pandysfunction of the immune cell populations, making it difficult to untangle the various concurrent mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis. Over the years, one of the most successful approaches for dissecting the immune correlates of protection in HIV/SIV infection has been the in vivo depletion of various immune cell populations and assessment of the impact of these depletions on the outcome of infection in non-human primate models. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the strategies and results of manipulating SIV pathogenesis through in vivo depletions of key immune cells populations. Although each of these methods has its limitations, they have all contributed to our understanding of key pathogenic pathways in HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Symmonds
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thaidra Gaufin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kevin D. Raehtz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Levy Y. DNA and protein HIV vaccines: how should we mix it? Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e274-e275. [PMID: 38692821 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(24)00092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Levy
- Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, AP-HP, Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France.
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3
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Kaur A, Vaccari M. Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:368. [PMID: 38543734 PMCID: PMC10974975 DOI: 10.3390/v16030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of people affected and new cases emerging each year. While various treatment and prevention methods exist, including antiretroviral therapy and non-vaccine approaches, developing an effective vaccine remains the most crucial and cost-effective solution to combating the HIV epidemic. Despite significant advancements in HIV research, the HIV vaccine field has faced numerous challenges, and only one clinical trial has demonstrated a modest level of efficacy. This review delves into the history of HIV vaccines and the current efforts in HIV prevention, emphasizing pre-clinical vaccine development using the non-human primate model (NHP) of HIV infection. NHP models offer valuable insights into potential preventive strategies for combating HIV, and they play a vital role in informing and guiding the development of novel vaccine candidates before they can proceed to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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4
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Nkolola JP, Barouch DH. Prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine trials: past, present, and future. Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e117-e124. [PMID: 38141639 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(23)00264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
An effective HIV-1 vaccine is a global health priority but has remained elusive for more than 40 years. Key scientific hurdles that have hampered vaccine development are the unprecedented genetic variability of the virus, the rapid establishment of persistent viral latency, and the challenges associated with induction of broadly neutralising antibodies. Clinical trials have been instrumental in evaluating scientific concepts and testing vaccine strategies. This Review discusses lessons learned from clinical trials of HIV-1 vaccines, current technologies that are being explored, and future considerations in the development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Tang C, Verwilligen A, Sadoff J, Brandenburg B, Sneekes-Vriese E, van den Kerkhof T, Dillen L, Rutten L, Juraszek J, Callewaert K, Janssen S, Huizingh J, Euler Z, Schilperoord T, Verhemeldonck M, Langedijk JPM, Hendriks J, Stieh DJ. Absolute quantitation of binding antibodies from clinical samples. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38184641 PMCID: PMC10771429 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The quantitation of antibody responses is a critical requirement for the successful development of vaccines and therapeutics that often relies on the use of standardized reference materials to determine relative quantities within biological samples. The validity of comparing responses across assays using arbitrarily defined reference values is therefore limited. We developed a generalizable method known as MASCALE (Mass Spectrometry Enabled Conversion to Absolute Levels of ELISA Antibodies) for absolute quantitation of antibodies by calibrating ELISA reference sera using mass spectrometry. Levels of proteotypic peptides served as a proxy for human IgG, allowing the conversion of responses from arbitrary values to absolute amounts. Applications include comparison of binding assays at two separate laboratories and evaluation of cross-clade magnitude-breadth responses induced by an investigational HIV-1 vaccine regimen. MASCALE addresses current challenges in the interpretation of immune responses in clinical trials and expands current options available to make suitable comparisons across different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Tang
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucy Rutten
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sarah Janssen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zelda Euler
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Stieh
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Vaccine Company, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Maecker HT. Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Monitoring of T Cell Responses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2807:325-342. [PMID: 38743238 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3862-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry is a common tool for assessing responses of T, B, and other cells to pathogens or vaccines. Such responses are likely to be important for predicting the efficacy of an HIV vaccine, despite the elusive findings in HIV vaccine trials to date. Fortunately, flow cytometry has evolved to be capable of readily measuring 30-40 parameters, providing the ability to dissect detailed phenotypes and functions that may be correlated with disease protection. Nevertheless, technical hurdles remain, and standardization of assays is still largely lacking. Here an optimized protocol for antigen-specific T cell monitoring is presented, with specific variations for particular markers. It covers the analysis of multiple cytokines, cell surface proteins, and other functional markers such as CD107, CD154, CD137, etc. References are given to published panels of 8-28 colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Van Ryk D, Vimonpatranon S, Hiatt J, Ganesan S, Chen N, McMurry J, Garba S, Min S, Goes LR, Girard A, Yolitz J, Licavoli I, Wei D, Huang D, Soares MA, Martinelli E, Cicala C, Arthos J. The V2 domain of HIV gp120 mimics an interaction between CD4 and integrin ⍺4β7. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011860. [PMID: 38064524 PMCID: PMC10732398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD4 receptor, by stabilizing TCR-MHC II interactions, plays a central role in adaptive immunity. It also serves as the HIV docking receptor. The HIV gp120 envelope protein binds directly to CD4. This interaction is a prerequisite for viral entry. gp120 also binds to ⍺4β7, an integrin that is expressed on a subset of memory CD4+ T cells. HIV tropisms for CD4+ T cells and gut tissues are central features of HIV pathogenesis. We report that CD4 binds directly to ⍺4β7 in a dynamic way, consistent with a cis regulatory interaction. The molecular details of this interaction are related to the way in which gp120 interacts with both receptors. Like MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1, two recognized ligands of ⍺4β7, the binding interface on CD4 includes 2 sites (1° and accessory), distributed across its two N-terminal IgSF domains (D1 and D2). The 1° site includes a sequence in the G β-strand of CD4 D2, KIDIV, that binds directly to ⍺4β7. This pentapeptide sequence occurs infrequently in eukaryotic proteins. However, a closely related and conserved sequence, KLDIV, appears in the V2 domain of gp120. KLDIV mediates gp120-⍺4β7 binding. The accessory ⍺4β7 binding site on CD4 includes Phe43. The Phe43 aromatic ring protrudes outward from one edge of a loop connecting the C'C" strands of CD4 D1. Phe43 is a principal contact for HIV gp120. It interacts with conserved residues in the recessed CD4 binding pocket. Substitution of Phe43 abrogates CD4 binding to both gp120 and ⍺4β7. As such, the interactions of gp120 with both CD4 and ⍺4β7 reflect elements of their interactions with each other. These findings indicate that gp120 specificities for CD4 and ⍺4β7 are interrelated and suggest that selective pressures which produced a CD4 tropic virus that replicates in gut tissues are linked to a dynamic interaction between these two receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sinmanus Vimonpatranon
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences–United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joe Hiatt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Chen
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jordan McMurry
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saadiq Garba
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susie Min
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Livia R. Goes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Girard
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isabella Licavoli
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danlan Wei
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dawei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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8
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Perdiguero B, Hauser A, Gómez CE, Peterhoff D, Sideris E, Sorzano CÓS, Wilmschen S, Schaber M, Stengel L, Asbach B, Ding S, Von Laer D, Levy Y, Pantaleo G, Kimpel J, Esteban M, Wagner R. Potency and durability of T and B cell immune responses after homologous and heterologous vector delivery of a trimer-stabilized, membrane-displayed HIV-1 clade ConC Env protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270908. [PMID: 38045703 PMCID: PMC10690772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of an HIV-1 vaccine able to induce long-lasting protective immunity remains a main challenge. Here, we aimed to modify next-generation soluble, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native, glycan-engineered clade C gp140 envelope (Env) trimers (sC23v4 KIKO and ConCv5 KIKO) for optimal display on the cell surface following homologous or heterologous vector delivery. Methods A combination of the following modifications scored best regarding the preservation of closed, native-like Env trimer conformation and antigenicity when using a panel of selected broadly neutralizing (bnAb) and non-neutralizing (nnAb) monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry: i) replacing the natural cleavage site with a native flexible linker and introducing a single amino acid substitution to prevent CD4 binding (*), ii) fusing a heterologous VSV-G-derived transmembrane moiety to the gp140 C-terminus, and iii) deleting six residues proximal to the membrane. Results When delivering membrane-tethered sC23v4 KIKO* and ConCv5 KIKO* via DNA, VSV-GP, and NYVAC vectors, the two native-like Env trimers provide differential antigenicity profiles. Whereas such patterns were largely consistent among the different vectors for either Env trimer, the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* trimer adopted a more closed and native-like structure than sC23v4 KIKO*. In immunized mice, VSV-GP and NYVAC vectors expressing the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* administered in prime/boost combination were the most effective regimens for the priming of Env-specific CD4 T cells among all tested combinations. The subsequent booster administration of trimeric ConCv5 KIKO* Env protein preserved the T cell activation levels between groups. The evaluation of the HIV-1-specific humoral responses induced in the different immunization groups after protein boosts showed that the various prime/boost protocols elicited broad and potent antibody responses, preferentially of a Th1-associated IgG2a subclass, and that the obtained antibody levels remained high at the memory phase. Discussion In summary, we provide a feasible strategy to display multiple copies of native-like Env trimers on the cell surface, which translates into efficient priming of sustained CD4+ T cell responses after vector delivery as well as broad, potent, and sustained antibody responses following booster immunizations with the homologous, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native ConCv5 KIKO* gp140 Env trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elefthéria Sideris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit and Computational Genomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Wilmschen
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Schaber
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Stengel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médicine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Créteil, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Seaton KE, De Rosa S, Heptinstall J, Carpp LN, Randhawa AK, McKinnon LR, McLaren P, Viegas E, Gray GE, Churchyard G, Buchbinder SP, Edupuganti S, Bekker LG, Keefer MC, Hosseinipour MC, Goepfert PA, Cohen KW, Williamson BD, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD, Thakar J, Kobie JJ. Baseline host determinants of robust human HIV-1 vaccine-induced immune responses: A meta-analysis of 26 vaccine regimens. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104271. [PMID: 36179551 PMCID: PMC9520208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of baseline host determinants that associate with robust HIV-1 vaccine-induced immune responses could aid HIV-1 vaccine development. We aimed to assess both the collective and relative performance of baseline characteristics in classifying individual participants in nine different Phase 1-2 HIV-1 vaccine clinical trials (26 vaccine regimens, conducted in Africa and in the Americas) as High HIV-1 vaccine responders. METHODS This was a meta-analysis of individual participant data, with studies chosen based on participant-level (vs. study-level summary) data availability within the HIV-1 Vaccine Trials Network. We assessed the performance of 25 baseline characteristics (demographics, safety haematological measurements, vital signs, assay background measurements) and estimated the relative importance of each characteristic in classifying 831 participants as High (defined as within the top 25th percentile among positive responders or above the assay upper limit of quantification) versus Non-High responders. Immune response outcomes included HIV-1-specific serum IgG binding antibodies and Env-specific CD4+ T-cell responses assessed two weeks post-last dose, all measured at central HVTN laboratories. Three variable importance approaches based on SuperLearner ensemble machine learning were considered. FINDINGS Overall, 30.1%, 50.5%, 36.2%, and 13.9% of participants were categorized as High responders for gp120 IgG, gp140 IgG, gp41 IgG, and Env-specific CD4+ T-cell vaccine-induced responses, respectively. When including all baseline characteristics, moderate performance was achieved for the classification of High responder status for the binding antibody responses, with cross-validated areas under the ROC curve (CV-AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.76) for gp120 IgG, 0.73 (0.69, 0.76) for gp140 IgG, and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.72) for gp41 IgG. In contrast, the collection of all baseline characteristics yielded little improvement over chance for predicting High Env-specific CD4+ T-cell responses [CV-AUC: 0.53 (0.48, 0.58)]. While estimated variable importance patterns differed across the three approaches, female sex assigned at birth, lower height, and higher total white blood cell count emerged as significant predictors of High responder status across multiple immune response outcomes using Approach 1. Of these three baseline variables, total white blood cell count ranked highly across all three approaches for predicting vaccine-induced gp41 and gp140 High responder status. INTERPRETATION The identified features should be studied further in pursuit of intervention strategies to improve vaccine responses and may be adjusted for in analyses of immune response data to enhance statistical power. FUNDING National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UM1AI068635 to YH, UM1AI068614 to GDT, UM1AI068618 to MJM, and UM1 AI069511 to MCK), the Duke CFAR P30 AI064518 to GDT, and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE027245 to JJK). This work was also supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any of the funding sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephen De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jack Heptinstall
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - April Kaur Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul McLaren
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN, Canada
| | - Edna Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan P Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Mina C Hosseinipour
- University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi; Department of Medicine, Institution for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian D Williamson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - James J Kobie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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10
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Perdiguero B, Asbach B, Gómez CE, Köstler J, Barnett SW, Koutsoukos M, Weiss DE, Cristillo AD, Foulds KE, Roederer M, Montefiori DC, Yates NL, Ferrari G, Shen X, Sawant S, Tomaras GD, Sato A, Fulp WJ, Gottardo R, Ding S, Heeney JL, Pantaleo G, Esteban M, Wagner R. Early and Long-Term HIV-1 Immunogenicity Induced in Macaques by the Combined Administration of DNA, NYVAC and Env Protein-Based Vaccine Candidates: The AUP512 Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939627. [PMID: 35935978 PMCID: PMC9354927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To control HIV infection there is a need for vaccines to induce broad, potent and long-term B and T cell immune responses. With the objective to accelerate and maintain the induction of substantial levels of HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies and, at the same time, to enhance balanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, we evaluated the effect of concurrent administration of MF59-adjuvanted Env protein together with DNA or NYVAC vectors at priming to establish if early administration of Env leads to early induction of antibody responses. The primary goal was to assess the immunogenicity endpoint at week 26. Secondary endpoints were (i) to determine the quality of responses with regard to RV144 correlates of protection and (ii) to explore a potential impact of two late boosts. In this study, five different prime/boost vaccination regimens were tested in rhesus macaques. Animals received priming immunizations with either NYVAC or DNA alone or in combination with Env protein, followed by NYVAC + protein or DNA + protein boosts. All regimens induced broad, polyfunctional and well-balanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, with DNA-primed regimens eliciting higher response rates and magnitudes than NYVAC-primed regimens. Very high plasma binding IgG titers including V1/V2 specific antibodies, modest antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and moderate neutralization activity were observed. Of note, early administration of the MF59-adjuvanted Env protein in parallel with DNA priming leads to more rapid elicitation of humoral responses, without negatively affecting the cellular responses, while responses were rapidly boosted after repeated immunizations, indicating the induction of a robust memory response. In conclusion, our findings support the use of the Env protein component during priming in the context of an heterologous immunization regimen with a DNA and/or NYVAC vector as an optimized immunization protocol against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen E. Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Marguerite Koutsoukos
- Department of Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Deborah E. Weiss
- Department of Immunobiology, Advanced BioScience Laboratories (ABL) Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Anthony D. Cristillo
- Department of Immunobiology, Advanced BioScience Laboratories (ABL) Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nicole L. Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alicia Sato
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William J. Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Translational Data Science, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation EuroVacc Programme Coordinator, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L. Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mariano Esteban, ; Ralf Wagner,
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mariano Esteban, ; Ralf Wagner,
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11
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Noailly B, Yaugel-Novoa M, Werquin J, Jospin F, Drocourt D, Bourlet T, Rochereau N, Paul S. Antiviral Activities of HIV-1-Specific Human Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Are Isotype-Dependent. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060903. [PMID: 35746511 PMCID: PMC9227833 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer promising opportunities for preventing HIV-1 infection. The protection mechanisms of bNAbs involve the Fc domain, as well as their Fab counterpart. Here, different bNAb isotypes including IgG1, IgA1, IgA2, and IgA122 (IgA2 with the hinge of IgA1) were generated and then produced in CHO cells. Their ability to neutralize pseudovirus and primary HIV-1 isolates were measured, as well as their potential ADCC-like activity using a newly developed assay. In our work, gp41-specific IgA seems to be more efficient than IgG1 in inducing ADCC-like activity, but not in its virus neutralization effect. We show that either gp120-specific IgA or IgG1 isotypes are both efficient in neutralizing different viral strains. In contrast, gp120-specific IgG1 was a better ADCC-like inducer than IgA isotypes. These results provide new insights into the neutralization and ADCC-like activity of different bNAbs that might be taken into consideration when searching for new treatments or antibody-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Noailly
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Justine Werquin
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | | | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mandal S, Sunagawa SW, Prathipati PK, Belshan M, Shibata A, Destache CJ. Targeted Immuno-Antiretroviral to Promote Dual Protection against HIV: A Proof-of-Concept Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111942. [PMID: 35683795 PMCID: PMC9183115 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The C-C motif chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5) expression on the T-cell surface is the prime barrier to HIV/AIDS eradication, as it promotes both active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and latency; however, antiretrovirals (ARVs) suppress plasma viral loads to non-detectable levels. Keeping this in mind, we strategically designed a targeted ARVs-loaded nanoformulation that targets CCR5 expressing T-cells (e.g., CD4+ cells). Conceptually, CCR5-blocking and targeted ARV delivery would be a dual protection strategy to prevent HIV infection. For targeting CCR5+ T-cells, the nanoformulation was surface conjugated with anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (CCR5 mAb) and loaded with dolutegravir+tenofovir alafenamide (D+T) ARVs to block HIV replication. The result demonstrated that the targeted-ARV nanoparticle’s multimeric CCR5 binding property improved its antigen-binding affinity, prolonged receptor binding, and ARV intracellular retention. Further, nanoformulation demonstrated high binding affinity to CCR5 expressing CD4+ cells, monocytes, and other CCR5+ T-cells. Finally, the short-term pre-exposure prophylaxis study demonstrated that prolonged CCR5 blockage and ARV presence further induced a “protective immune phenotype” with a boosted T-helper (Th), temporary memory (TM), and effector (E) sub-population. The proof-of-concept study that the targeted-ARV nanoformulation dual-action mechanism could provide a multifactorial solution toward achieving HIV “functional cure”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Mandal
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-5922
| | - Shawnalyn W. Sunagawa
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Pavan Kumar Prathipati
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Michael Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Annemarie Shibata
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Christopher J. Destache
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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13
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Clarkson KA, Porter CK, Talaat KR, Kapulu MC, Chen WH, Frenck RW, Bourgeois AL, Kaminski RW, Martin LB. Shigella-Controlled Human Infection Models: Current and Future Perspectives. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35616717 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shigella-controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are an invaluable tool utilized by the vaccine community to combat one of the leading global causes of infectious diarrhea, which affects infants, children and adults regardless of socioeconomic status. The impact of shigellosis disproportionately affects children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) resulting in cognitive and physical stunting, perpetuating a cycle that must be halted. Shigella-CHIMs not only facilitate the early evaluation of enteric countermeasures and up-selection of the most promising products but also provide insight into mechanisms of infection and immunity that are not possible utilizing animal models or in vitro systems. The greater understanding of shigellosis obtained in CHIMs builds and empowers the development of new generation solutions to global health issues which are unattainable in the conventional laboratory and clinical settings. Therefore, refining, mining and expansion of safe and reproducible infection models hold the potential to create effective means to end diarrheal disease and associated co-morbidities associated with Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Clarkson
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Chad K Porter
- Enteric Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway Street Hampton House, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Melissa C Kapulu
- Department of Biosciences, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi County Hospital, Off Bofa Road, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert W Frenck
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - A Louis Bourgeois
- PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - Robert W Kaminski
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Laura B Martin
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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14
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Klasse PJ, Moore JP. Reappraising the Value of HIV-1 Vaccine Correlates of Protection Analyses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0003422. [PMID: 35384694 PMCID: PMC9044961 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00034-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the much-debated exception of the modestly reduced acquisition reported for the RV144 efficacy trial, HIV-1 vaccines have not protected humans against infection, and a vaccine of similar design to that tested in RV144 was not protective in a later trial, HVTN 702. Similar vaccine regimens have also not consistently protected nonhuman primates (NHPs) against viral acquisition. Conversely, experimental vaccines of different designs have protected macaques from viral challenges but then failed to protect humans, while many other HIV-1 vaccine candidates have not protected NHPs. While efficacy varies more in NHPs than humans, vaccines have failed to protect in the most stringent NHP model. Intense investigations have aimed to identify correlates of protection (CoPs), even in the absence of net protection. Unvaccinated animals and humans vary vastly in their susceptibility to infection and in their innate and adaptive responses to the vaccines; hence, merely statistical associations with factors that do not protect are easily found. Systems biological analyses, including artificial intelligence, have identified numerous candidate CoPs but with no clear consistency within or between species. Proposed CoPs sometimes have only tenuous mechanistic connections to immune protection. In contrast, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are a central mechanistic CoP for vaccines that succeed against other viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. No HIV-1 vaccine candidate has yet elicited potent and broadly active NAbs in NHPs or humans, but narrow-specificity NAbs against the HIV-1 isolate corresponding to the immunogen do protect against infection by the autologous virus. Here, we analyze why so many HIV-1 vaccines have failed, summarize the outcomes of vaccination in NHPs and humans, and discuss the value and pitfalls of hunting for CoPs other than NAbs. We contrast the failure to find a consistent CoP for HIV-1 vaccines with the identification of NAbs as the principal CoP for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Han S, Fong Y, Huang Y. Testing a global null hypothesis using ensemble machine learning methods. Stat Med 2022; 41:2417-2426. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.9362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Han
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington USA
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington USA
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16
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Lassaunière R, Tiemessen CT. FcγR Genetic Variation and HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy: Context And Considerations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:788203. [PMID: 34975881 PMCID: PMC8714752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors for the crystallisable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), link the humoral and cellular arms of the immune response, providing a diverse armamentarium of antimicrobial effector functions. Findings from HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials highlight the need for further study of Fc-FcR interactions in understanding what may constitute vaccine-induced protective immunity. These include host genetic correlates identified within the low affinity Fcγ-receptor locus in three HIV-1 efficacy trials – VAX004, RV144, and HVTN 505. This perspective summarizes our present knowledge of FcγR genetics in the context of findings from HIV-1 efficacy trials, and draws on genetic variation described in other contexts, such as mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission and HIV-1 disease progression, to explore the potential contribution of FcγR variability in modulating different HIV-1 vaccine efficacy outcomes. Appreciating the complexity and the importance of the collective contribution of variation within the FCGR gene locus is important for understanding the role of FcγRs in protection against HIV-1 acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Lassaunière
- Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Caroline T. Tiemessen, ; Ria Lassaunière,
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV and STI’s, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Caroline T. Tiemessen, ; Ria Lassaunière,
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17
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Nawab DH. Vaccinal antibodies: Fc antibody engineering to improve the antiviral antibody response and induce vaccine-like effects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5532-5545. [PMID: 34844516 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1985891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the urgent clinical need for efficient virus therapies and vaccines. Although the functional importance of antibodies is indisputable in viral infections, there are still significant unmet needs that require vast improvements in antibody-based therapeutics. The IgG Fc domain can be engineered to produce antibodies with tailored and potent responses that will meet these clinical demands. Engaging Fc receptors (FcRs) to perform effector functions as cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, complement activation, intracellular neutralization and controlling antibody persistence. Furthermore, it produces vaccine-like effects by activating signals to stimulate T-cell responses, have proven to be required for protection, as neutralization alone does not off the full protection capacity of antibodies. This review highlights antiviral Fc functions and FcRs' contributions in linking innate and adaptive immunity against viral threats. Moreover, it provides the latest Fc engineering strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of human antiviral antibodies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha H Nawab
- Pharmacy Department, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Mielke D, Bandawe G, Zheng J, Jones J, Abrahams MR, Bekker V, Ochsenbauer C, Garrett N, Abdool Karim S, Moore PL, Morris L, Montefiori D, Anthony C, Ferrari G, Williamson C. ADCC-mediating non-neutralizing antibodies can exert immune pressure in early HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010046. [PMID: 34788337 PMCID: PMC8598021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses being implicated in protection from HIV-1 infection, there is limited evidence that they control virus replication. The high mutability of HIV-1 enables the virus to rapidly adapt, and thus evidence of viral escape is a very sensitive approach to demonstrate the importance of this response. To enable us to deconvolute ADCC escape from neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape, we identified individuals soon after infection with detectable ADCC responses, but no nAb responses. We evaluated the kinetics of ADCC and nAb responses, and viral escape, in five recently HIV-1-infected individuals. In one individual we detected viruses that escaped from ADCC responses but were sensitive to nAbs. In the remaining four participants, we did not find evidence of viral evolution exclusively associated with ADCC-mediating non-neutralizing Abs (nnAbs). However, in all individuals escape from nAbs was rapid, occurred at very low titers, and in three of five cases we found evidence of viral escape before detectable nAb responses. These data show that ADCC-mediating nnAbs can drive immune escape in early infection, but that nAbs were far more effective. This suggests that if ADCC responses have a protective role, their impact is limited after systemic virus dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Mielke
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gama Bandawe
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | - Jie Zheng
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Jones
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie Bekker
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Penny L. Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Witswaterstrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Witswaterstrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Colin Anthony
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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19
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Salinas E, Boisvert M, Upadhyay AA, Bédard N, Nelson SA, Bruneau J, Derdeyn CA, Marcotrigiano J, Evans MJ, Bosinger SE, Shoukry NH, Grakoui A. Early T follicular helper cell activity accelerates hepatitis C virus-specific B cell expansion. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140590. [PMID: 33463551 DOI: 10.1172/jci140590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early appearance of neutralizing antibodies during acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with spontaneous viral clearance. However, the longitudinal changes in antigen-specific memory B cell (MBCs) associated with divergent HCV infection outcomes remain undefined. We characterized longitudinal changes in E2 glycoprotein-specific MBCs from subjects who either spontaneously resolved acute HCV infection or progressed to chronic infection, using single-cell RNA-seq and functional assays. HCV-specific antibodies in plasma from chronically infected subjects recognized multiple E2 genotypes, while those from spontaneous resolvers exhibited variable cross-reactivity to heterotypic E2. E2-specific MBCs from spontaneous resolvers peaked early after infection (4-6 months), following expansion of activated circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) expressing interleukin 21. In contrast, E2-specific MBCs from chronically infected subjects, enriched in VH1-69, expanded during persistent infection (> 1 year), in the absence of significantly activated cTfh expansion. Early E2-specific MBCs from spontaneous resolvers produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with fewer somatic hypermutations and lower E2 binding but similar neutralization as mAbs from late E2-specific MBCs of chronically infected subjects. These findings indicate that early cTfh activity accelerates expansion of E2-specific MBCs during acute infection, which might contribute to spontaneous clearance of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Salinas
- Division of Infectious diseases, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maude Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathalie Bédard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sydney A Nelson
- Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine Familiale et de Médecine D'Urgence, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Structural Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Evans
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Division of Infectious diseases, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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20
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Seaton KE, Spreng RL, Abraha M, Reichartz M, Rojas M, Feely F, Huntwork RHC, Dutta S, Mudrak SV, Alam SM, Gregory S, Jongert E, Coccia M, Ulloa-Montoya F, Wille-Reece U, Tomaras GD, Dennison SM. Subclass and avidity of circumsporozoite protein specific antibodies associate with protection status against malaria infection. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:110. [PMID: 34462438 PMCID: PMC8405700 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RTS,S/AS01 is an advanced pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate with demonstrated vaccine efficacy up to 86.7% in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies; however, reproducible immune correlates of protection (CoP) are elusive. To identify candidates of humoral correlates of vaccine mediated protection, we measured antibody magnitude, subclass, and avidity for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) by multiplex assays in two CHMI studies with varying RTS,S/AS01B vaccine dose and timing regimens. Central repeat (NANP6) IgG1 magnitude correlated best with protection status in univariate analyses and was the most predictive for protection in a multivariate model. NANP6 IgG3 magnitude, CSP IgG1 magnitude, and total serum antibody dissociation phase area-under-the-curve for NANP6, CSP, NPNA3, and N-interface binding were also associated with protection status in the regimen adjusted univariate analysis. Identification of multiple immune response features that associate with protection status, such as antibody subclasses, fine specificity and avidity reported here may accelerate development of highly efficacious vaccines against P. falciparum.
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Grants
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- OPP1151372, OPP12109388 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR)
- PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative
- GlaxoSmithKline (GlaxoSmithKline plc.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Rachel L Spreng
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Milite Abraha
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Reichartz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Frederick Feely
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard H C Huntwork
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sarah V Mudrak
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pathology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott Gregory
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ulrike Wille-Reece
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- GSK, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - S Moses Dennison
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
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21
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Abstract
The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines and their deployment in less than a year is a scientific and medical triumph that has raised a key question. Why do we have several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines but do not have a single HIV-1 vaccine? It took roughly 1 year for a COVID-19 vaccine to become available, yet, four decades after the first patient with HIV was described, we do not yet have a vaccine for HIV. Here, Barton Haynes examines the biological reasons why vaccine development for HIV is so exceptionally challenging.
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22
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Shigella-Specific Immune Profiles Induced after Parenteral Immunization or Oral Challenge with Either Shigella flexneri 2a or Shigella sonnei. mSphere 2021; 6:e0012221. [PMID: 34259559 PMCID: PMC8386581 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00122-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella spp. are a leading cause of diarrhea-associated global morbidity and mortality. Development and widespread implementation of an efficacious vaccine remain the best option to reduce Shigella-specific morbidity. Unfortunately, the lack of a well-defined correlate of protection for shigellosis continues to hinder vaccine development efforts. Shigella controlled human infection models (CHIM) are often used in the early stages of vaccine development to provide preliminary estimates of vaccine efficacy; however, CHIMs also provide the opportunity to conduct in-depth immune response characterizations pre- and postvaccination or pre- and postinfection. In the current study, principal-component analyses were used to examine immune response data from two recent Shigella CHIMs in order to characterize immune response profiles associated with parenteral immunization, oral challenge with Shigella flexneri 2a, or oral challenge with Shigella sonnei. Although parenteral immunization induced an immune profile characterized by robust systemic antibody responses, it also included mucosal responses. Interestingly, oral challenge with S. flexneri 2a induced a distinctively different profile compared to S. sonnei, characterized by a relatively balanced systemic and mucosal response. In contrast, S. sonnei induced robust increases in mucosal antibodies with no differences in systemic responses across shigellosis outcomes postchallenge. Furthermore, S. flexneri 2a challenge induced significantly higher levels of intestinal inflammation compared to S. sonnei, suggesting that both serotypes may also differ in how they trigger induction and activation of innate immunity. These findings could have important implications for Shigella vaccine development as protective immune mechanisms may differ across Shigella serotypes. IMPORTANCE Although immune correlates of protection have yet to be defined for shigellosis, prior studies have demonstrated that Shigella infection provides protection against reinfection in a serotype-specific manner. Therefore, it is likely that subjects with moderate to severe disease post-oral challenge would be protected from a homologous rechallenge, and investigating immune responses in these subjects may help identify immune markers associated with the development of protective immunity. This is the first study to describe distinct innate and adaptive immune profiles post-oral challenge with two different Shigella serotypes. Analyses conducted here provide essential insights into the potential of different immune mechanisms required to elicit protective immunity, depending on the Shigella serotype. Such differences could have significant impacts on vaccine design and development within the Shigella field and should be further investigated across multiple Shigella serotypes.
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23
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Duerr R, Crosse KM, Valero-Jimenez AM, Dittmann M. SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1389. [PMID: 34198973 PMCID: PMC8307803 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and HIV are zoonotic viruses that rapidly reached pandemic scale, causing global losses and fear. The COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics ignited massive efforts worldwide to develop antiviral strategies and characterize viral architectures, biological and immunological properties, and clinical outcomes. Although both viruses have a comparable appearance as enveloped viruses with positive-stranded RNA and envelope spikes mediating cellular entry, the entry process, downstream biological and immunological pathways, clinical outcomes, and disease courses are strikingly different. This review provides a systemic comparison of both viruses' structural and functional characteristics, delineating their distinct strategies for efficient spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (K.M.C.); (A.M.V.-J.); (M.D.)
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24
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Velarde de la Cruz E, Wang L, Bose D, Gangadhara S, Wilson RL, Amara RR, Kozlowski PA, Aldovini A. Oral Vaccination Approaches for Anti-SHIV Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702705. [PMID: 34234789 PMCID: PMC8256843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We modified a Sabin Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) vector to permit secretion of the antigens of interest with the goal of improving anti-HIV Env humoral responses in a SHIV mucosal immunization composed of DNA and recombinant OPVs. We evaluated stimulation of systemic and mucosal cell-mediated and humoral immunity in Rhesus macaques by two regimens, both involving a prime with a SHIVBG505 DNA construct producing non-infectious particles formulated in lipid nanoparticles, administered in the oral cavity, and two different viral vector boostings, administered in the oral cavity and intestinally. Group 1 was boosted with rMVA-SHIVBG505, expressing SIV Gag/Pol and HIVBG505 Env. Group 2 was boosted with a SHIVBG505-OPV vaccine including a non-secreting SIVmac239CA-p6-OPV, expressing Gag CA, NC and p6 proteins, and a HIVBG505C1-V2-OPV, secreting the C1-V2 fragment of HIV EnvBG505, recognized by the broadly neutralizing antibody PG16. A time course analysis of anti-SHIV Gag and Env CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in PBMC and in lymph node, rectal, and vaginal MNC was carried out. Both regimens stimulated significant cell-mediated responses in all compartments, with SHIVBG505-OPV immunization stimulating more significant levels of responses than rMVA- SHIVBG505. Boolean analysis of these responses revealed predominantly monofunctional responses with multifunctional responses also present in all tissues. Stimulation of antibody responses was disappointing in both groups with negative anti-SHIV IgG in plasma, and IgA in salivary, rectal and vaginal secretions being restricted to a few animals. After repeated rectal challenge with SHIVBG505, two Group 1 animals remained uninfected at challenge termination. No significant differences were observed in post-infection viral loads between groups. After the acute phase decline, CD4+ T cell percentages returned to normal levels in vaccinated as well as control animals. However, when compared to controls, vaccinate groups had more significant preservation of PBMC and rectal MNC Th17/Treg ratios, considered the strongest surrogate marker of progression to AIDS. We conclude that the vaccine platforms used in this study are insufficient to stimulate significant humoral immunity at the tested doses and schedule but sufficient to stimulate significant mucosal and systemic cell-mediated immunity, impacting the preservation of key Th17 CD4+ T cells in blood and rectal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Velarde de la Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deepanwita Bose
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert L. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rama R. Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Membrane Env Liposomes Facilitate Immunization with Multivalent Full-Length HIV Spikes. J Virol 2021; 95:e0000521. [PMID: 33883221 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00005-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal of HIV vaccine design is to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Such bNAbs target HIV's trimeric, membrane-embedded envelope glycoprotein spikes (mEnv). Soluble Env (sEnv) trimers have been used as vaccines, but engineering sEnvs for stability, multivalency, and desired antigenicity is problematic and deletes key neutralizing epitopes on glycoprotein 41 (gp41) while creating neoepitopes that elicit unwanted antibodies. Meanwhile, multivalent mEnv vaccines are challenging to develop due to trimer instability and low mEnv copy number amid other extraneous proteins on virus-like particles. Here, we describe a multivalent mEnv vaccine platform that does not require protein engineering or extraneous proteins. mEnv trimers were fixed, purified, and combined with naked liposomes in mild detergent. On removal of detergent, mEnv spikes were observed embedded in liposome particles (mean diameter, 133 nm) in correct orientation. These particles were recognized by HIV bNAbs and not non-NAbs and are designated mEnv liposomes (MELs). Following a sequential immunization scheme in rabbits, MELs elicited antibodies that neutralized tier 2 HIV isolates. Analysis of serum antibody specificities, including those to epitopes involving a missing conserved N-glycosylation site at position 197 near the CD4 binding site on two of the immunogens, provides clues on how NAb responses can be improved with modified immunogens. In sum, MELs are a biochemically defined platform that enables rational immunization strategies to elicit HIV bNAbs using multimerized mEnv. IMPORTANCE A vaccine that induced broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV would likely end the AIDS pandemic. Such antibodies target membrane-embedded envelope glycoprotein spikes (mEnv) that HIV uses to enter cells. Due to HIV Env's low expression and instability, soluble stabilized Env trimers have been used as vaccine candidates, but these have an altered base that disrupts targets of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies that bind near the membrane and are not available for all HIV isolates. Here, we describe membrane Env liposomes (MELs) that display a multivalent array of stable mEnvs on liposome particles. MELs showed the expected antibody recognition properties, including targeting parts of mEnv missing on soluble Envs. Immunization with MELs elicited antibodies that neutralized diverse HIV isolates. The MEL platform facilitates vaccine development with potentially any HIV Env at high valency, and a similar approach may be useful for eliciting antibodies to membrane-embedded targets of therapeutic interest.
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26
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Ye X, Iwuchukwu OP, Avadhanula V, Aideyan LO, McBride TJ, Henke DM, Patel KD, Piedra FA, Angelo LS, Shah DP, Chemaly RF, Piedra PA. Humoral and Mucosal Antibody Response to RSV Structural Proteins in RSV-Infected Adult Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT) Recipients. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060991. [PMID: 34073490 PMCID: PMC8228396 DOI: 10.3390/v13060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. RSV antibodies play a role in preventing reinfection and in clearance of RSV, but data regarding the levels of viral protein-specific antibodies elicited and their contribution to patient recovery from RSV-induced disease are limited. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of RSV-infected adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients (n = 40). Serum and nasal-wash samples were obtained at enrollment (acute samples) and convalescence (convalescent samples). We measured (1) humoral IgG and mucosal IgA binding antibody levels to multiple RSV proteins (F, G, N, P, and M2-1) by Western blot (WB); (2) neutralizing antibody (Nt Ab) titers by microneutralization assay; and (3) palivizumab-like antibody (PLA) concentrations by an ELISA-based competitive binding assay developed in the lab. Finally, we tested for correlations between protein-specific antibody levels and duration of viral shedding (normal: cleared in <14 days and delayed: cleared ≥14 days), as well as RSV/A and RSV/B subtypes. Convalescent sera from HCT recipients had significantly higher levels of anti-RSV antibodies to all 5 RSV structural proteins assayed (G, F, N, P, M2-1), higher Nt Abs to both RSV subtypes, and higher serum PLAs than at enrollment. Significantly higher levels of mucosal antibodies to 3 RSV structural proteins (G, N, and M2-1) were observed in the convalescent nasal wash versus acute nasal wash. Normal viral clearance group had significantly higher levels of serum IgG antibodies to F, N, and P viral proteins, higher Nt Ab to both RSV subtypes, and higher PLA, as well as higher levels of mucosal IgA antibodies to G and M2-1 viral proteins, and higher Nt Ab to both RSV subtypes compared to delayed viral clearance group. Normal RSV clearance was associated with higher IgG serum antibody levels to F and P viral proteins, and PLAs in convalescent serum (p < 0.05). Finally, overall antibody levels in RSV/A- and/B-infected HCT recipients were not significantly different. In summary, specific humoral and mucosal RSV antibodies are associated with viral clearance in HCT recipients naturally infected with RSV. In contrast to the humoral response, the F surface glycoprotein was not a major target of mucosal immunity. Our findings have implications for antigen selection in the development of RSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyan Ye
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Obinna P. Iwuchukwu
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Vasanthi Avadhanula
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Letisha O. Aideyan
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Trevor J. McBride
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - David M. Henke
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Kirtida D. Patel
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Felipe-Andres Piedra
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Laura S. Angelo
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Dimpy P. Shah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Roy F. Chemaly
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Pedro A. Piedra
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.Y.); (O.P.I.); (V.A.); (L.O.A.); (T.J.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.D.P.); (F.-A.P.); (L.S.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Felber BK, Lu Z, Hu X, Valentin A, Rosati M, Remmel CAL, Weiner JA, Carpenter MC, Faircloth K, Stanfield-Oakley S, Williams WB, Shen X, Tomaras GD, LaBranche CC, Montefiori D, Trinh HV, Rao M, Alam MS, Vandergrift NA, Saunders KO, Wang Y, Rountree W, Das J, Alter G, Reed SG, Aye PP, Schiro F, Pahar B, Dufour JP, Veazey RS, Marx PA, Venzon DJ, Shaw GM, Ferrari G, Ackerman ME, Haynes BF, Pavlakis GN. Co-immunization of DNA and Protein in the Same Anatomical Sites Induces Superior Protective Immune Responses against SHIV Challenge. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107624. [PMID: 32402293 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compare immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an HIV vaccine comprised of env and gag DNA and Env (Envelope) proteins by co-administration of the vaccine components in the same muscles or by separate administration of DNA + protein in contralateral sites in female rhesus macaques. The 6-valent vaccine includes gp145 Env DNAs, representing six sequentially isolated Envs from the HIV-infected individual CH505, and matching GLA-SE-adjuvanted gp120 Env proteins. Interestingly, only macaques in the co-administration vaccine group are protected against SHIV CH505 acquisition after repeated low-dose intravaginal challenge and show 67% risk reduction per exposure. Macaques in the co-administration group develop higher Env-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Non-neutralizing Env antibodies, ADCC, and antibodies binding to FcγRIIIa are associated with decreased transmission risk. These data suggest that simultaneous recognition, processing, and presentation of DNA + Env protein in the same draining lymph nodes play a critical role in the development of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xintao Hu
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Katelyn Faircloth
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sherry Stanfield-Oakley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hung V Trinh
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Munir S Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Preston A Marx
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, and Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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28
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Adam L, Rosenbaum P, Bonduelle O, Combadière B. Strategies for Immunomonitoring after Vaccination and during Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:365. [PMID: 33918841 PMCID: PMC8070333 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomonitoring is the study of an individual's immune responses over the course of vaccination or infection. In the infectious context, exploring the innate and adaptive immune responses will help to investigate their contribution to viral control or toxicity. After vaccination, immunomonitoring of the correlate(s) and surrogate(s) of protection is a major asset for measuring vaccine immune efficacy. Conventional immunomonitoring methods include antibody-based technologies that are easy to use. However, promising sensitive high-throughput technologies allowed the emergence of holistic approaches. This raises the question of data integration methods and tools. These approaches allow us to increase our knowledge on immune mechanisms as well as the identification of key effectors of the immune response. However, the depiction of relevant findings requires a well-rounded consideration beforehand about the hypotheses, conception, organization and objectives of the immunomonitoring. Therefore, well-standardized and comprehensive studies fuel insight to design more efficient, rationale-based vaccines and therapeutics to fight against infectious diseases. Hence, we will illustrate this review with examples of the immunomonitoring approaches used during vaccination and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Behazine Combadière
- Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (L.A.); (P.R.); (O.B.)
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29
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Han Q, Bradley T, Williams WB, Cain DW, Montefiori DC, Saunders KO, Parks RJ, Edwards RW, Ferrari G, Mueller O, Shen X, Wiehe KJ, Reed S, Fox CB, Rountree W, Vandergrift NA, Wang Y, Sutherland LL, Santra S, Moody MA, Permar SR, Tomaras GD, Lewis MG, Van Rompay KKA, Haynes BF. Neonatal Rhesus Macaques Have Distinct Immune Cell Transcriptional Profiles following HIV Envelope Immunization. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1553-1569.e6. [PMID: 32023469 PMCID: PMC7243677 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1-infected infants develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) more rapidly than adults, suggesting differences in the neonatal versus adult responses to the HIV-1 envelope (Env). Here, trimeric forms of HIV-1 Env immunogens elicit increased gp120- and gp41-specific antibodies more rapidly in neonatal macaques than adult macaques. Transcriptome analyses of neonatal versus adult immune cells after Env vaccination reveal that neonatal macaques have higher levels of the apoptosis regulator BCL2 in T cells and lower levels of the immunosuppressive interleukin-10 (IL-10) receptor alpha (IL10RA) mRNA transcripts in T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes. In addition, immunized neonatal macaques exhibit increased frequencies of activated blood T follicular helper-like (Tfh) cells compared to adults. Thus, neonatal macaques have transcriptome signatures of decreased immunosuppression and apoptosis compared with adult macaques, providing an immune landscape conducive to early-life immunization prior to sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Han
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Todd Bradley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Regina W Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin J Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nathan A Vandergrift
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura L Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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30
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Hessell AJ, Li L, Malherbe DC, Barnette P, Pandey S, Sutton W, Spencer D, Wang XH, Gach JS, Hunegnaw R, Tuen M, Jiang X, Luo CC, LaBranche CC, Shao Y, Montefiori DC, Forthal DN, Duerr R, Robert-Guroff M, Haigwood NL, Gorny MK. Virus Control in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques Is Associated with Neutralizing and Capturing Antibodies against the SHIV Challenge Virus but Not with V1V2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-V2 Antibodies Alone. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1266-1283. [PMID: 33536254 PMCID: PMC7946713 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of vaccine-induced anti-V2 Abs was tested in three protection experiments in rhesus macaques. In an experiment using immunogens similar to those in the RV144 vaccine trial (Anti-envelope [Env]), nine rhesus macaques were coimmunized with gp16092TH023 DNA and SIV gag and gp120A244 and gp120MN proteins. In two V2-focused experiments (Anti-V2 and Anti-V2 Mucosal), nine macaques in each group were immunized with V1V292TH023 DNA, V1V2A244 and V1V2CasaeA2 proteins, and cyclic V2CaseA2 peptide. DNA and protein immunogens, formulated in Adjuplex, were given at 0, 4, 12, and 20 weeks, followed by intrarectal SHIVBaL.P4 challenges. Peak plasma viral loads (PVL) of 106-107 copies/ml developed in all nine sham controls. Overall, PVL was undetectable in one third of immunized macaques, and two animals tightly controlled the virus with the Anti-V2 Mucosal vaccine strategy. In the Anti-Env study, Abs that captured or neutralized SHIVBaL.P4 inversely correlated with PVL. Conversely, no correlation with PVL was found in the Anti-V2 experiments with nonneutralizing plasma Abs that only captured virus weakly. Titers of Abs against eight V1V2 scaffolds and cyclic V2 peptides were comparable between controllers and noncontrollers as were Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition activities against SHIV-infected target cells and phagocytosis of gp120-coated beads. The Anti-Env experiment supports the role of vaccine-elicited neutralizing and nonneutralizing Abs in control of PVL. However, the two V2-focused experiments did not support a role for nonneutralizing V2 Abs alone in controlling PVL, as neither Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition, nor phagocytosis correlated inversely with heterologous SHIVBaL.P4 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Liuzhe Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Delphine C Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Philip Barnette
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - William Sutton
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - David Spencer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010
| | - Johannes S Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael Tuen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xunqing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Christina C Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | | | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Miroslaw K Gorny
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016;
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31
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Innate immune signatures to a partially-efficacious HIV vaccine predict correlates of HIV-1 infection risk. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009363. [PMID: 33720973 PMCID: PMC7959397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pox-protein regimen tested in the RV144 trial is the only vaccine strategy demonstrated to prevent HIV-1 infection. Subsequent analyses identified antibody and cellular immune responses as correlates of risk (CoRs) for HIV infection. Early predictors of these CoRs could provide insight into vaccine-induced protection and guide efforts to enhance vaccine efficacy. Using specimens from a phase 1b trial of the RV144 regimen in HIV-1-uninfected South Africans (HVTN 097), we profiled innate responses to the first ALVAC-HIV immunization. PBMC transcriptional responses peaked 1 day post-vaccination. Type I and II interferon signaling pathways were activated, as were innate pathways critical for adaptive immune priming. We then identified two innate immune transcriptional signatures strongly associated with adaptive immune CoR after completion of the 4-dose regimen. Day 1 signatures were positively associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis activity at Month 6.5. Conversely, a signature present on Days 3 and 7 was inversely associated with Env-specific CD4+ T cell responses at Months 6.5 and 12; rapid resolution of this signature was associated with higher Env-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. These are the first-reported early immune biomarkers of vaccine-induced responses associated with HIV-1 acquisition risk in humans and suggest hypotheses to improve HIV-1 vaccine regimens. The innate immune response is the body’s initial defense against pathogens and is linked to and shapes the subsequent adaptive immune response, which can confer long-lasting protection. For a vaccine with partial efficacy, such as the RV144 HIV vaccine regimen, identifying early innate responses that are linked with adaptive responses—particularly those for which evidence has accumulated that they might be important for protection—could help a more efficacious version be developed. In the HVTN 097 study, the RV144 prime-boost (ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E) vaccine regimen was given to South African participants. We characterized the innate response to the first dose of ALVAC-HIV in these participants and identified gene expression signatures present within the first few days that were associated with antibody and T-cell responses to the full vaccine regimen measured up to 1 year later. As these antibody and T-cell responses have previously been implicated in protection, our findings suggest ways of refining the RV144 regimen and also have broader applications to vaccine development.
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32
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Li H, Omange RW, Liang B, Toledo N, Hai Y, Liu LR, Schalk D, Crecente-Campo J, Dacoba TG, Lambe AB, Lim SY, Li L, Kashem MA, Wan Y, Correia-Pinto JF, Seaman MS, Liu XQ, Balshaw RF, Li Q, Schultz-Darken N, Alonso MJ, Plummer FA, Whitney JB, Luo M. Vaccine targeting SIVmac251 protease cleavage sites protects macaques against vaginal infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6429-6442. [PMID: 32853182 DOI: 10.1172/jci138728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After over 3 decades of research, an effective anti-HIV vaccine remains elusive. The recently halted HVTN702 clinical trial not only further stresses the challenge to develop an effective HIV vaccine but also emphasizes that unconventional and novel vaccine strategies are urgently needed. Here, we report that a vaccine focusing the immune response on the sequences surrounding the 12 viral protease cleavage sites (PCSs) provided greater than 80% protection to Mauritian cynomolgus macaques against repeated intravaginal SIVmac251 challenges. The PCS-specific T cell responses correlated with vaccine efficacy. The PCS vaccine did not induce immune activation or inflammation known to be associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection. Machine learning analyses revealed that the immune microenvironment generated by the PCS vaccine was predictive of vaccine efficacy. Our study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that a vaccine which targets only viral maturation, but lacks full-length Env and Gag immunogens, can prevent intravaginal infection in a stringent macaque/SIV challenge model. Targeting HIV maturation thus offers a potentially novel approach to developing an effective HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert W Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Binhua Liang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikki Toledo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lewis R Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dane Schalk
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jose Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tamara G Dacoba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - So-Yon Lim
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jorge F Correia-Pinto
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiao Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert F Balshaw
- Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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33
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Olvera A, Cedeño S, Llano A, Mothe B, Sanchez J, Arsequell G, Brander C. Does Antigen Glycosylation Impact the HIV-Specific T Cell Immunity? Front Immunol 2021; 11:573928. [PMID: 33552045 PMCID: PMC7862545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is largely unknown how post-translational protein modifications, including glycosylation, impacts recognition of self and non-self T cell epitopes presented by HLA molecules. Data in the literature indicate that O- and N-linked glycosylation can survive epitope processing and influence antigen presentation and T cell recognition. In this perspective, we hypothesize that glycosylation of viral proteins and processed epitopes contribute to the T cell response to HIV. Although there is some evidence for T cell responses to glycosylated epitopes (glyco-epitopes) during viral infections in the literature, this aspect has been largely neglected for HIV. To explore the role of glyco-epitope specific T cell responses in HIV infection we conducted in silico and ex vivo immune studies in individuals with chronic HIV infection. We found that in silico viral protein segments with potentially glycosylable epitopes were less frequently targeted by T cells. Ex vivo synthetically added glycosylation moieties generally masked T cell recognition of HIV derived peptides. Nonetheless, in some cases, addition of simple glycosylation moieties produced neo-epitopes that were recognized by T cells from HIV infected individuals. Herein, we discuss the potential importance of these observations and compare limitations of the employed technology with new methodologies that may have the potential to provide a more accurate assessment of glyco-epitope specific T cell immunity. Overall, this perspective is aimed to support future research on T cells recognizing glycosylated epitopes in order to expand our understanding on how glycosylation of viral proteins could alter host T cell immunity against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Olvera
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | | | - Anuska Llano
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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34
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A Zigzag but Upward Way to Develop an HIV-1 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030511. [PMID: 32911701 PMCID: PMC7564621 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of its epidemic, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is still rampant worldwide. An effective vaccine is considered to be the ultimate strategy to control and prevent the spread of HIV-1. To date, hundreds of clinical trials for HIV-1 vaccines have been tested. However, there is no HIV-1 vaccine available yet, mostly because the immune correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection are not fully understood. Currently, a variety of recombinant viruses-vectored HIV-1 vaccine candidates are extensively studied as promising strategies to elicit the appropriate immune response to control HIV-1 infection. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the immunological parameters to predict the protective efficacy of HIV-1 vaccines, and highlight the latest advances on HIV-1 vaccines based on viral vectors.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar J. Lopez Angel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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36
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Cheng C, Duan H, Xu K, Chuang GY, Corrigan AR, Geng H, O'Dell S, Ou L, Chambers M, Changela A, Chen X, Foulds KE, Sarfo EK, Jafari AJ, Hill KR, Kong R, Liu K, Todd JP, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Wang S, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhou T, Arnold FJ, Doria-Rose NA, Koup RA, McDermott AB, Scorpio DG, Worobey M, Shapiro L, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Immune Monitoring Reveals Fusion Peptide Priming to Imprint Cross-Clade HIV-Neutralizing Responses with a Characteristic Early B Cell Signature. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107981. [PMID: 32755575 PMCID: PMC11075050 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV fusion peptide (FP) is a promising vaccine target. FP-directed monoclonal antibodies from vaccinated macaques have been identified that neutralize up to ∼60% of HIV strains; these vaccinations, however, have involved ∼1 year with an extended neutralization-eclipse phase without measurable serum neutralization. Here, in 32 macaques, we test seven vaccination regimens, each comprising multiple immunizations of FP-carrier conjugates and HIV envelope (Env) trimers. Comparisons of vaccine regimens reveal FP-carrier conjugates to imprint cross-clade neutralizing responses and a cocktail of FP conjugate and Env trimer to elicit the earliest broad responses. We identify a signature, appearing as early as week 6 and involving the frequency of B cells recognizing both FP and Env trimer, predictive of vaccine-elicited breadth ∼1 year later. Immune monitoring of B cells in response to vaccination can thus enable vaccine insights even in the absence of serum neutralization, here identifying FP imprinting, cocktail approach, and early signature as means to improve FP-directed vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angela R Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Chambers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward K Sarfo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander J Jafari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kurt R Hill
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John P Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21710, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yiran Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Winston Wu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank J Arnold
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana G Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Lévy Y, Lacabaratz C, Ellefsen-Lavoie K, Stöhr W, Lelièvre JD, Bart PA, Launay O, Weber J, Salzberger B, Wiedemann A, Surenaud M, Koelle DM, Wolf H, Wagner R, Rieux V, Montefiori DC, Yates NL, Tomaras GD, Gottardo R, Mayer B, Ding S, Thiébaut R, McCormack S, Chêne G, Pantaleo G. Optimal priming of poxvirus vector (NYVAC)-based HIV vaccine regimens for T cell responses requires three DNA injections. Results of the randomized multicentre EV03/ANRS VAC20 Phase I/II Trial. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008522. [PMID: 32589686 PMCID: PMC7319597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vectors have been widely used as a priming of poxvirus vaccine in prime/boost regimens. Whether the number of DNA impacts qualitatively or quantitatively the immune response is not fully explored. With the aim to reinforce T-cell responses by optimizing the prime-boost regimen, the multicentric EV03/ANRS VAC20 phase I/II trial, randomized 147 HIV-negative volunteers to either 3xDNA plus 1xNYVAC (weeks 0, 4, 8 plus 24; n = 74) or to 2xDNA plus 2xNYVAC (weeks 0, 4 plus 20, 24; n = 73) groups. T-cell responses (IFN-γ ELISPOT) to at least one peptide pool were higher in the 3xDNA than the 2xDNA groups (91% and 80% of vaccinees) (P = 0.049). In the 3xDNA arm, 26 (37%) recipients developed a broader T-cell response (Env plus at least to one of the Gag, Pol, Nef pools) than in the 2xDNA (15; 22%) arms (primary endpoint; P = 0.047) with a higher magnitude against Env (at week 26) (P<0.001). In both groups, vaccine regimens induced HIV-specific polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells and the production of Th1, Th2 and Th17/IL-21 cytokines. Antibody responses were also elicited in up to 81% of vaccines. A higher percentage of IgG responders was noted in the 2xDNA arm compared to the 3xDNA arm, while the 3xDNA group tended to elicit a higher magnitude of IgG3 response against specific Env antigens. We show here that the modulation of the prime strategy, without modifying the route or the dose of administration, or the combination of vectors, may influence the quality of the responses. Development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine would undoubtedly be the best solution for the ultimate control of the worldwide AIDS pandemic. To date, only one large phase III trial (RV144 Thai study) showed a partial and modest protection against HIV infection. This result raised hope in the field and encouraged the development of vaccines or strategies in order to improve vaccine efficacy. Several vaccine strategies designed to elicit broad HIV-specific T cells and/or neutralizing antibodies to prevent HIV-1 transmission are under evaluation. Among diverse candidate vaccines, the safety and immunogenicity of multi-gene DNA-based and Pox-virus derived vaccines have been evaluated in several clinical studies. The present study was designed to optimize the combination of these two vaccines with the aim of determining the optimal number of DNA primes for a poxvirus-based HIV vaccine regimen. We show here that the prime boost combination is highly immunogenic and that the number of DNA primes induces differentially T cell and antibody responses. A better priming of poxvirus-based vaccine regimens for T cells is obtained with 3 DNA injections. Our results contribute and extend data of several preclinical studies pointing out the potential interest of DNA as a prime capable not only of improving immune responses but also of imprinting the long-term responses to boost vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, équipe 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d’Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, équipe 16, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, équipe 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d’Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
| | | | - Odile Launay
- Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes; Inserm, CIC 1417, F-CRIN I-REIVAC; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernd Salzberger
- University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, équipe 16, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, équipe 16, Créteil, France
| | - David M. Koelle
- Department of Medicine & Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hans Wolf
- University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Véronique Rieux
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, équipe 16, Créteil, France
- ANRS, Paris, France
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Yates
- Department of Surgery, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryan Mayer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University Bordeaux, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France
- INRIA SISTM, Talence, France
| | | | - Geneviève Chêne
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University Bordeaux, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Systems serology for decoding infection and vaccine-induced antibody responses to HIV-1. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2020; 14:253-264. [PMID: 31033729 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Experimental and analytical advances have enabled systematic, high-resolution studies of humoral immune responses, and are beginning to define mechanisms of immunity to HIV. RECENT FINDINGS High-throughput, information-rich experimental and analytical methods, whether genomic, proteomic, or transcriptomic, have firmly established their value across a diversity of fields. Consideration of these tools as trawlers in 'fishing expeditions' has faded as 'data-driven discovery' has come to be valued as an irreplaceable means to develop fundamental understanding of biological systems. Collectively, studies of HIV-1 infection and vaccination including functional, biophysical, and biochemical humoral profiling approaches have provided insights into the phenotypic characteristics of individual and pools of antibodies. Relating these measures to clinical status, protection/efficacy outcomes, and cellular profiling data using machine learning has offered the possibility of identifying unanticipated mechanisms of action and gaining insights into fundamental immunological processes that might otherwise be difficult to decipher. SUMMARY Recent evidence establishes that systematic data collection and application of machine learning approaches can identify humoral immune correlates that are generalizable across distinct HIV-1 immunogens and vaccine regimens and translatable between model organisms and the clinic. These outcomes provide a strong rationale supporting the utility and further expansion of these approaches both in support of vaccine development and more broadly in defining mechanisms of immunity.
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Bolton JS, Chaudhury S, Dutta S, Gregory S, Locke E, Pierson T, Bergmann-Leitner ES. Comparison of ELISA with electro-chemiluminescence technology for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of serological responses to vaccination. Malar J 2020; 19:159. [PMID: 32303235 PMCID: PMC7165447 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Profiling immune responses induced by either infection or vaccination can provide insight into identification of correlates of protection. Furthermore, profiling of serological responses can be used to identify biomarkers indicative of exposure to pathogens. Conducting such immune surveillance requires readout methods that are high-throughput, robust, and require small sample volumes. While the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the classical readout method for assessing serological responses, the advent of multiplex assays has significantly increased the throughput and capacity for immunoprofiling. This report describes the development and assay performance (sensitivity, linearity of detection, requirement for multiple dilutions for each sample, intra- and inter-assay variability) of an electro-chemiluminescence (ECLIA)-based multiplex assay. Methods The current study describes the development of a multiplex ECLIA-based assay and characterizes the sensitivity, linear range, and inter- and intra-assay variability of the ECLIA platform and its agreement with the traditional ELISA. Special emphasis was placed on potential antigenic competition when testing closely related antigens in the multiplex format. Results Multiplexing of antigens in ECLIA provides significant practical benefits in terms of reducing sample volume requirements and experimental time. Beyond the practical advantages of multiplexing, the ECLIA provides superior assay performance when compared to the ELISA. Not only does ECLIA show good agreement with the ELISA assay, but the linear range of ECLIA is also sufficiently wide to permit single-dilution measurements of concentration without the need to do serial dilutions. The lack of antigenic competition allows the simultaneous testing of closely related antigens, such as plate antigens representing different alleles of the same protein, which can inform about cross-reactivities—or lack thereof—of serological responses. Conclusion The advantages of the newly developed tool for assessing the antigen profiles of serological responses may ultimately lead to the identification of biomarkers associated with various disease stages and or protection against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Bolton
- Immunology Core, Malaria Biologics Branch, WRAIR, 503 Robert Grant Ave, 3W58, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Silver Spring, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- Dept. Structural Vaccinology, Malaria Biologics Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Scott Gregory
- PATH/Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - Emily Locke
- PATH/Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - Tony Pierson
- Immunology Core, Malaria Biologics Branch, WRAIR, 503 Robert Grant Ave, 3W58, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Elke S Bergmann-Leitner
- Immunology Core, Malaria Biologics Branch, WRAIR, 503 Robert Grant Ave, 3W58, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
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Lim WW, Leung NHL, Sullivan SG, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Cowling BJ. Distinguishing Causation From Correlation in the Use of Correlates of Protection to Evaluate and Develop Influenza Vaccines. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:185-192. [PMID: 31598648 PMCID: PMC7217279 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing attention to the need to identify new immune markers for the evaluation of existing and new influenza vaccines. Immune markers that could predict individual protection against infection and disease, commonly called correlates of protection (CoPs), play an important role in vaccine development and licensing. Here, we discuss the epidemiologic considerations when evaluating immune markers as potential CoPs for influenza vaccines and emphasize the distinction between correlation and causation. While an immune marker that correlates well with protection from infection can be used as a predictor of vaccine efficacy, it should be distinguished from an immune marker that plays a mechanistic role in conferring protection against a clinical endpoint-the latter might be a more reliable predictor of vaccine efficacy and a more appropriate target for rational vaccine design. To clearly distinguish mechanistic and nonmechanistic CoPs, we suggest using the term "correlates of protection" for nonmechanistic CoPs, and ''mediators of protection'' for mechanistic CoPs. Furthermore, because the interactions among and relative importance of correlates or mediators of protection can vary according to age or prior vaccine experience, the effect sizes and thresholds for protective effects for CoPs could also vary in different segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wey Wen Lim
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen
- Statistics Department, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Jones LD, Moody MA, Thompson AB. Innovations in HIV-1 Vaccine Design. Clin Ther 2020; 42:499-514. [PMID: 32035643 PMCID: PMC7102617 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The field of HIV-1 vaccinology has evolved during the last 30 years from the first viral vector HIV gene insert constructs to vaccination regimens using a myriad of strategies. These strategies now include germline-targeting, lineage-based, and structure-guided immunogen design. This narrative review outlines the historical context of HIV vaccinology and subsequently highlights the scientific discoveries during the last 6 years that promise to propel the field forward. METHODS We conducted a search of 2 electronic databases, PubMed and EMBASE, for experimental studies that involved new HIV immunogen designs between 2013 and 2019. During the title and abstract reviews, publications were excluded if they were written in language other than English and/or were a letter to the editor, a commentary, or a conference-only presentation. We then used ClinicalTrials.gov to identify completed and ongoing clinical trials using these strategies. FINDINGS The HIV vaccinology field has undergone periods of significant growth during the last 3 decades. Findings elucidated in preclinical studies have revealed the importance of the interaction between the cellular and humoral immune system. As a result, several new rationally designed vaccine strategies have been developed and explored in the last 6 years, including native-like envelope trimers, nanoparticle, and mRNA vaccine design strategies among others. Several of these strategies have shown enough promise in animal models to progress toward first-in-human Phase I clinical trials. IMPLICATIONS Rapid developments in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies suggest that a tolerable and effective HIV vaccine may be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia D Jones
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amelia B Thompson
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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42
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Oli AN, Obialor WO, Ifeanyichukwu MO, Odimegwu DC, Okoyeh JN, Emechebe GO, Adejumo SA, Ibeanu GC. Immunoinformatics and Vaccine Development: An Overview. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:13-30. [PMID: 32161726 PMCID: PMC7049754 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s241064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of vaccines have resulted in a remarkable improvement in global health. It has saved several lives, reduced treatment costs and raised the quality of animal and human lives. Current traditional vaccines came empirically with either vague or completely no knowledge of how they modulate our immune system. Even at the face of potential vaccine design advance, immune-related concerns (as seen with specific vulnerable populations, cases of emerging/re-emerging infectious disease, pathogens with complex lifecycle and antigenic variability, need for personalized vaccinations, and concerns for vaccines' immunological safety -specifically vaccine likelihood to trigger non-antigen-specific responses that may cause autoimmunity and vaccine allergy) are being raised. And these concerns have driven immunologists toward research for a better approach to vaccine design that will consider these challenges. Currently, immunoinformatics has paved the way for a better understanding of some infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, immune system response and computational vaccinology. The importance of this immunoinformatics in the study of infectious diseases is diverse in terms of computational approaches used, but is united by common qualities related to host–pathogen relationship. Bioinformatics methods are also used to assign functions to uncharacterized genes which can be targeted as a candidate in vaccine design and can be a better approach toward the inclusion of women that are pregnant into vaccine trials and programs. The essence of this review is to give insight into the need to focus on novel computational, experimental and computation-driven experimental approaches for studying of host–pathogen interactions and thus making a case for its use in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Wilson Okechukwu Obialor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Martins Ositadimma Ifeanyichukwu
- Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science,Faculty of Health Science and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Damian Chukwu Odimegwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh
- Department of Biology and Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Arts and Sciences, Neumann University, Aston, PA 19014-1298, USA
| | - George Ogonna Emechebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Samson Adedeji Adejumo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Gordon C Ibeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Naiman NE, Slyker J, Richardson BA, John-Stewart G, Nduati R, Overbaugh JM. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity targeting CD4-inducible epitopes predicts mortality in HIV-infected infants. EBioMedicine 2020; 47:257-268. [PMID: 31501077 PMCID: PMC6796543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been associated with improved infant outcome in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. Epitopes of these ADCC-mediating antibodies remain unidentified. CD4-inducible (CD4i) epitopes on gp120 are common ADCC targets in natural infection and vaccination. We tested whether CD4i epitope-specific ADCC mediated by maternal antibodies or passively-acquired antibodies in infants is associated with reduced MTCT and improved infant survival. METHODS We used variants of CD4i cluster A-specific antibodies, A32 and C11, and a cluster C-specific antibody, 17b, with mutations abolishing Fc-Fc receptor interactions as inhibitors in a competition rapid and fluorometric ADCC assay using gp120-coated CEM-nkr target cells with plasma from 51 non-transmitting and 21 transmitting breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. FINDINGS Cluster A-specific ADCC was common. Individually, neither A32-like nor C11-like ADCC was statistically significantly associated with risk of MTCT or infected infant survival. In combination, total maternal cluster A-specific ADCC was statistically significantly associated with decreased infected infant survival in a log-rank test (p = 0·017). There was a non-significant association for infant passively-acquired total cluster A-specific ADCC and decreased infected infant survival (p = 0·14). Surprisingly, plasma ADCC was enhanced in the presence of the defective Fc 17b competitor. Defective Fc 17b competitor-mediated maternal ADCC enhancement was statistically significantly associated with reduced infected infant survival (p = 0·011). A non-significant association was observed for passively-acquired infant ADCC enhancement and decreased survival (p = 0·19). INTERPRETATIONS These data suggest that ADCC targeting CD4i epitopes is not associated with protection against breast milk HIV transmission but is associated with decreased survival of infected infants. FUND: This study was funded by NIH grant R01AI076105 and NIH fellowship F30AI136636.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Naiman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Slyker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9(th) Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Barbra A Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9(th) Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9(th) Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julie M Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America.
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Yenkoidiok-Douti L, Jewell CM. Integrating Biomaterials and Immunology to Improve Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:759-778. [PMID: 33313391 PMCID: PMC7725244 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of vaccines in preventing many infectious diseases, effective vaccines against pathogens with ongoing challenges - such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis - remain unavailable. The emergence of new pathogen variants, the continued prevalence of existing pathogens, and the resurgence of yet other infectious agents motivate the need for new, interdisciplinary approaches to direct immune responses. Many current and candidate vaccines, for example, are poorly immunogenic, provide only transient protection, or create risks of regaining pathogenicity in certain immune-compromised conditions. Recent advances in biomaterials research are creating new potential to overcome these challenges through improved formulation, delivery, and control of immune signaling. At the same time, many of these materials systems - such as polymers, lipids, and self-assembly technologies - may achieve this goal while maintaining favorable safety profiles. This review highlights ways in which biomaterials can advance existing vaccines to safer, more efficacious technologies, and support new vaccines for pathogens that do not yet have vaccines. Biomaterials that have not yet been applied to vaccines for infectious disease are also discussed, and their potential in this area is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampouguin Yenkoidiok-Douti
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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Bekker LG, Tatoud R, Dabis F, Feinberg M, Kaleebu P, Marovich M, Ndung'u T, Russell N, Johnson J, Luba M, Fauci AS, Morris L, Pantaleo G, Buchbinder S, Gray G, Vekemans J, Kim JH, Levy Y, Corey L, Shattock R, Makanga M, Williamson C, Dieffenbach C, Goodenow MM, Shao Y, Staprans S, Warren M, Johnston MI. The complex challenges of HIV vaccine development require renewed and expanded global commitment. Lancet 2020; 395:384-388. [PMID: 31806257 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | - Francois Dabis
- France Recherche Nord and Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites, Paris, France
| | - Mark Feinberg
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mary Marovich
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nina Russell
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Maureen Luba
- AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy and Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glenda Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France; INSERM U955, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Makanga
- European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Dieffenbach
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen M Goodenow
- The Office of AIDS Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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Ditse Z, Mkhize NN, Yin M, Keefer M, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Churchyard G, Mayer KH, Karuna S, Morgan C, Bekker LG, Mlisana K, Gray G, Moodie Z, Gilbert P, Moore PL, Williamson C, Morris L. Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection. mSphere 2020; 5:e00738-19. [PMID: 31996422 PMCID: PMC6992371 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00738-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 infections could elucidate whether prior vaccination primes relevant immune responses. Here, we measured HIV-specific antibody responses in 14 South African volunteers who acquired HIV infection after participating in phase 1/2 trials of envelope-containing immunogens. Serum samples were collected annually following HIV-1 infection from participants in trials HVTN 073 (subtype C, DNA/MVA, phase 1 trial, n = 1), HVTN 086 (subtype C, DNA/MVA/gp140 protein, phase 1 trial, n = 2), and HVTN 204 (multisubtype, DNA/adenovirus serotype 5 [Ad5], phase 2 trial, n = 7) and 4 placebo recipients. Binding and neutralizing antibody responses to Env proteins and peptides were determined pre- and post-HIV infection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the TZM-bl cell neutralization assay, respectively. HIV-infected South African individuals served as unvaccinated controls. Binding antibodies to gp41, V3, V2, the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), and the CD4 binding site were detected from the first year of HIV-1 subtype C infection, and the levels were similar in vaccinated and placebo recipients. Neutralizing antibody responses against tier 1A viruses were detected in all participants, with the highest titers being to a subtype C virus, MW965.26. No responses were observed just prior to infection, indicating that vaccine-primed HIV-specific antibodies had waned. Sporadic neutralization activity against tier 2 isolates was observed after 2 to 3 years of HIV infection, but these responses were similar in the vaccinated and placebo groups as well as the unvaccinated controls. Our data suggest that prior vaccination with these immunogens did not alter the antibody responses to HIV-1 infection, nor did it accelerate the development of HIV neutralization breadth.IMPORTANCE There is a wealth of information on HIV-specific vaccine-induced immune responses among HIV-uninfected participants; however, data on immune responses among participants who acquire HIV after vaccination are limited. Here we show that HIV-specific binding antibody responses in individuals with breakthrough HIV infections were not affected by prior vaccination with HIV envelope-containing immunogens. We also found that these vectored vaccines did not prime tier 2 virus-neutralizing antibody responses, which are thought to be required for prevention against HIV acquisition, or accelerate the development of neutralization breadth. Although this study is limited, such studies can provide insights into whether vaccine-elicited antibody responses are boosted by HIV infection to acquire broader neutralizing activity, which may help to identify antigens relevant to the design of more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanele Ditse
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla N Mkhize
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael Yin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Keefer
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cecilia Morgan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Koleka Mlisana
- University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Glenda Gray
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Penny L Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Van Der Meeren O, Jongert E, Seaton KE, Koutsoukos M, Aerssens A, Brackett C, Debois M, Janssens M, Leroux-Roels G, Mesia Vela D, Sawant S, Yates NL, Tomaras GD, Leroux-Roels I, Roman F. Persistence of vaccine-elicited immune response up to 14 years post-HIV gp120-NefTat/AS01 B vaccination. Vaccine 2020; 38:1678-1689. [PMID: 31932137 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines eliciting protective and persistent immune responses against multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clades are needed. This study evaluated the persistence of immune responses induced by an investigational, AS01-adjuvanted HIV-1 vaccine as long as 14 years after vaccination. METHODS This phase I, open-label, descriptive, mono-centric, extension study with a single group (NCT03368053) was conducted in adults who received ≥3 doses of the clade B gp120-NefTat/AS01B vaccine candidate 14 years earlier in a previous clinical trial (NCT00434512). Binding responses of serum antibodies targeting a panel of envelope glycoproteins, including gp120, gp140 and V1V2-scaffold antigens and representative of the antigenic diversity of HIV-1, were measured by binding antibody multiplex assay (BAMA). The gp120-specific CD4+/CD8+ T-cell responses were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining assay. RESULTS At Year 14, positive IgG binding antibody responses were detected in 15 out of the 16 antigens from the BAMA V1V2 breadth panel, with positive response rates ranging from 7.1% to 60.7%. The highest response rates were observed for clade B strain V1V2 antigens, with some level of binding antibodies against clade C strains. Anti-V1V2 IgG3 response magnitude breadth, which correlated with decreased risk of infection in a previous efficacy trial, was of limited amplitude. Response rates to the antigens from the gp120 and gp140 breadth panels ranged from 7.7% to 94.1% and from 15.4% to 96.2% at Year 14, respectively. Following stimulation with gp120 peptide pool, highly polyfunctional gp120-specific CD4+ T-cells persisted up to Year 14, with high frequencies of CD40L tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), CD40L interleukin-2 (IL-2), CD40L TNF-α IL-2 and CD40L interferon gamma (IFN-γ) TNF-α IL-2 CD4+ T-cells, but no CD8+ T-cells detected. CONCLUSIONS Persistent antibodies binding to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, including the V1V2-scaffold, and gp120-specific cellular immunity were observed in volunteers vaccinated 14 years earlier with the gp120-NefTat/AS01B vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly E Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | | | - Annelies Aerssens
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Brackett
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | | | | | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sheetal Sawant
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Nicole L Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Rectal Microbiome Composition Correlates with Humoral Immunity to HIV-1 in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques. mSphere 2019; 4:4/6/e00824-19. [PMID: 31826975 PMCID: PMC6908426 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00824-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable effort directed toward evaluating HIV-1 vaccine platforms to select the most promising candidates for enhancing mucosal HIV-1 antibody. The most successful thus far, the RV144 trial provided partial protection due to waning HIV-1 antibody titers. In order to develop an effective HIV vaccine, it may therefore be important to understand how biological factors, such as the microbiome, modulate host immune responses. Furthermore, as intestinal microbiota antigens may generate antibodies cross-reactive to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, understanding the relationship between gut microbiota composition and HIV-1 envelope antibody responses after vaccination is important. Here, we demonstrate for the first time in rhesus macaques that the rectal microbiome composition can influence HIV-1 vaccine immunogenicity, and we report temporal changes in the mucosal microbiome profile following HIV-1 vaccination. Our results could inform findings from the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) vaccine studies and contribute to an understanding of how the microbiome influences HIV-1 antibody responses. The microbiome is an integral and dynamic component of the host and is emerging as a critical determinant of immune responses; however, its influence on vaccine immunogenicity is largely not well understood. Here, we examined the pivotal relationship between the mucosal microbiome and vaccine-induced immune responses by assessing longitudinal changes in vaginal and rectal microbiome profiles after intradermal immunization with a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA vaccine in adult rhesus macaques that received two prior DNA primes. We report that both vaginal and rectal microbiomes were dominated by Firmicutes but were composed of distinct genera, denoting microbiome specialization across mucosal tissues. Following immunization, the vaginal microbiome was resilient, except for a transient decrease in Streptococcus. In contrast, the rectal microbiome was far more responsive to vaccination, exhibiting an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Within Bacteroidetes, multiple genera were significantly decreased, including Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Acetobacteroides, Falsiporphyromonas, and Anaerocella. Decreased abundance of Prevotella correlated with induction of gut-homing α4β7+ effector CD4 T cells. Prevotella abundance also negatively correlated with rectal HIV-1 specific IgG levels. While rectal Lactobacillus was unaltered following DNA vaccination, baseline Lactobacillus abundance showed strong associations with higher rectal HIV-1 gp140 IgA induced following a protein boost. Similarly, the abundance of Clostridium in cluster IV was associated with higher rectal HIV-1 gp140 IgG responses. Collectively, these data reveal that the temporal stability of bacterial communities following DNA immunization is site dependent and highlight the importance of host-microbiome interactions in shaping HIV-1 vaccine responses. Our findings have significant implications for microbial manipulation as a strategy to enhance HIV vaccine-induced mucosal immunity. IMPORTANCE There is considerable effort directed toward evaluating HIV-1 vaccine platforms to select the most promising candidates for enhancing mucosal HIV-1 antibody. The most successful thus far, the RV144 trial provided partial protection due to waning HIV-1 antibody titers. In order to develop an effective HIV vaccine, it may therefore be important to understand how biological factors, such as the microbiome, modulate host immune responses. Furthermore, as intestinal microbiota antigens may generate antibodies cross-reactive to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, understanding the relationship between gut microbiota composition and HIV-1 envelope antibody responses after vaccination is important. Here, we demonstrate for the first time in rhesus macaques that the rectal microbiome composition can influence HIV-1 vaccine immunogenicity, and we report temporal changes in the mucosal microbiome profile following HIV-1 vaccination. Our results could inform findings from the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) vaccine studies and contribute to an understanding of how the microbiome influences HIV-1 antibody responses.
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Plotkin SA. Updates on immunologic correlates of vaccine-induced protection. Vaccine 2019; 38:2250-2257. [PMID: 31767462 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Correlates of protection (CoPs) are increasingly important in the development and licensure of vaccines. Although the study of CoPs was initially directed at identifying a single immune function that could explain vaccine efficacy, it has become increasingly clear that there are often multiple functions responsible for efficacy. This review is meant to supplement prior articles on the subject, illustrating both simple and complex CoPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Plotkin
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Vaxconsult, 4650 Wismer Rd., Doylestown, PA 18902, United States.
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50
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Charles TP, Derdeyn CA. Striking a balance in an antibody network: A roadmap for HIV-1 vaccines. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4580-4582. [PMID: 31589166 PMCID: PMC6819087 DOI: 10.1172/jci132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With almost 2 million new HIV-1 infections in 2018, a highly effective vaccine is imperative. Vaccine-elicited HIV-1 antibodies contribute to protection through multiple nonneutralizing activities, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this issue of the JCI, Neidich and associates sought to determine how antibodies contributed to reducing the risk of HIV-1 acquisition in a phase IIb preventative vaccine efficacy trial, HVTN 505. Their studies revealed that antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and FcγRIIa binding were strongly associated with reduced HIV-1 risk; however, HIV-1 envelope-specific IgG3, IgA; and host FcγRIIa genotype also influenced risk. This study highlights the intricate interactions between antibodies and innate immune functions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Emory Vaccine Center
- Yerkes National Primate Center, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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