1
|
Wang Z, Zeng P, Zhou B. Identification and characterization of a heme exporter from the MRP family in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Biol 2022; 20:126. [PMID: 35655259 PMCID: PMC9161523 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heme group constitutes a major functional form of iron, which plays vital roles in various biological processes including oxygen transport and mitochondrial respiration. Heme is an essential nutrient, but its pro-oxidant nature may have toxic cellular effects if present at high levels, and its synthesis is therefore tightly regulated. Deficiency and excess of heme both lead to pathological processes; however, our current understanding of metazoan heme transport is largely limited to work in mammals and the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, while functional analyses of heme transport in the genetically amenable Drosophila melanogaster and other arthropods have not been explored. RESULTS We implemented a functional screening in Schneider 2 (S2) cells to identify putative heme transporters of D. melanogaster. A few multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) members were found to be induced by hemin and/or involved in heme export. Between the two plasma membrane-resident heme exporters CG4562 and CG7627, the former is responsible for heme transit across the intestinal epithelium. CG4562 knockdown resulted in heme accumulation in the intestine and lethality that could be alleviated by heme synthesis inhibition, human MRP5 (hMRP5) expression, heme oxygenase (HO) expression, or zinc supplement. CG4562 is mainly expressed in the gastric caeca and the anterior part of the midgut, suggesting this is the major site of heme absorption. It thus appears that CG4562 is the functional counterpart of mammalian MRP5. Mutation analyses in the transmembrane and nucleotide binding domains of CG4562 characterized some potential binding sites and conservative ATP binding pockets for the heme transport process. Furthermore, some homologs in Aedes aegypti, including that of CG4562, have also been characterized as heme exporters. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest a conserved heme homeostasis mechanism within insects, and between insects and mammals. We propose the fly model may be a good complement to the existing platforms of heme studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Denecke S, Bảo Lương HN, Koidou V, Kalogeridi M, Socratous R, Howe S, Vogelsang K, Nauen R, Batterham P, Geibel S, Vontas J. Characterization of a novel pesticide transporter and P-glycoprotein orthologues in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220625. [PMID: 35582794 PMCID: PMC9114944 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides remain one of the most effective ways of controlling agricultural and public health insects, but much is still unknown regarding how these compounds reach their targets. Specifically, the role of ABC transporters in pesticide absorption and excretion is poorly understood, especially compared to the detailed knowledge about mammalian systems. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of pesticide transporters in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. An RNAi screen was performed, which knocked down individual ABCs in specific epithelial tissues and examined the subsequent changes in sensitivity to the pesticides spinosad and fipronil. This implicated a novel ABC drug transporter, CG4562, in spinosad transport, but also highlighted the P-glycoprotein orthologue Mdr65 as the most impactful ABC in terms of chemoprotection. Further characterization of the P-glycoprotein family was performed via transgenic overexpression and immunolocalization, finding that Mdr49 and Mdr50 play enigmatic roles in pesticide toxicology perhaps determined by their different subcellular localizations within the midgut. Lastly, transgenic Drosophila lines expressing P-glycoprotein from the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae were used to establish a system for in vivo characterization of this transporter in non-model insects. This study provides the basis for establishing Drosophila as a model for toxicology research on drug transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Hằng Ngọc Bảo Lương
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Kalogeridi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rafaella Socratous
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Steven Howe
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kathrin Vogelsang
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sven Geibel
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece,Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verschuere S, Van Gils M, Nollet L, Vanakker OM. From membrane to mineralization: the curious case of the ABCC6 transporter. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4109-4133. [PMID: 33131056 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6 gene/protein (ABCC6) is an ATP-dependent transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver and the kidney. ABCC6 first came to attention in human medicine when it was discovered in 2000 that mutations in its encoding gene, ABCC6, caused the autosomal recessive multisystemic mineralization disease pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Since then, the physiological and pathological roles of ABCC6 have been the subject of intense research. In the last 20 years, significant findings have clarified ABCC6 structure as well as its physiological role in mineralization homeostasis in humans and animal models. Yet, several facets of ABCC6 biology remain currently incompletely understood, ranging from the precise nature of its substrate(s) to the increasingly complex molecular genetics. Nonetheless, advances in our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms causing mineralization lead to several treatment options being suggested or already tested in pilot clinical trials for ABCC6 deficiency. This review highlights current knowledge of ABCC6 and the challenges ahead, particularly the attempts to translate basic science into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shana Verschuere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.,Ectopic Mineralization Research Group Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Gils
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.,Ectopic Mineralization Research Group Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Nollet
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.,Ectopic Mineralization Research Group Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.,Ectopic Mineralization Research Group Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Sun W, Seong KM, Mittapalli O, Ojo J, Coates B, Paige KN, Clark JM, Pittendrigh BR. Dietary antioxidant vitamin C influences the evolutionary path of insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 168:104631. [PMID: 32711765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects encounter a variety of toxic environmental substances ranging from ingested plant defensive compounds to human-introduced insecticidal agents. Dietary antioxidants are known to reduce the negative physiological impacts of toxins in mammalian systems through amelioration of reactive oxygen-related cellular damage. The analogous impacts to insects caused by multigenerational exposure to pesticides and the effects on adaptive responses within insect populations, however, are currently unknown. To address these research gaps, we used Drosophila as a model system to explore adaptive phenotypic responses to acute dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure in the presence of the dietary antioxidant vitamin C and to examine the structural genomic consequences of this exposure. DDT resistance increased significantly among four replicates exposed to a low concentration of DDT for 10 generations. In contrast, dietary intake of vitamin C significantly reduced DDT resistance after mutigenerational exposure to the same concentration of DDT. As to the genomic consequences, no significant differences were predicted in overall nucleotide substitution rates across the genome between any of the treatments. Despite this, replicates exposed to a low concentration of DDT without vitamin C showed the highest number of synonymous and non-synonymous variants (3196 in total), followed by the DDT plus vitamin C (1174 in total), and vitamin C alone (728 in total) treatments. This study demonstrates the potential role of diet (specifically, antioxidant intake) on adaptive genome responses, and thus on the evolution of pesticide resistance within insect populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - James Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Brad Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ken N Paige
- Department of Evolution, Ecology & Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Phylogenetic analysis of the ATP-binding cassette proteins suggests a new ABC protein subfamily J in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:463. [PMID: 32631258 PMCID: PMC7339416 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed an in-depth analysis of the ABC gene family in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), which is an important vector species of arthropod-borne viral infections such as chikungunya, dengue, and Zika. Despite its importance, previous studies of the Arthropod ABC family have not focused on this species. Reports of insecticide resistance among pests and vectors indicate that some of these ATP-dependent efflux pumps are involved in compound traffic and multidrug resistance phenotypes. RESULTS We identified 53 classic complete ABC proteins annotated in the A. aegypti genome. A phylogenetic analysis of Aedes aegypti ABC proteins was carried out to assign the novel proteins to the ABC subfamilies. We also determined 9 full-length sequences of DNA repair (MutS, RAD50) and structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins that contain the ABC signature. CONCLUSIONS After inclusion of the putative ABC proteins into the evolutionary tree of the gene family, we classified A. aegypti ABC proteins into the established subfamilies (A to H), but the phylogenetic positioning of MutS, RAD50 and SMC proteins among ABC subfamilies-as well as the highly supported grouping of RAD50 and SMC-prompted us to name a new J subfamily of A. aegypti ABC proteins.
Collapse
|
6
|
Karasik A, Váradi A, Szeri F. In vitro transport of methotrexate by Drosophila Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205657. [PMID: 30312334 PMCID: PMC6185855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, immune suppressant and antimalarial drug. It is a substrate of several human ABC proteins that confer multidrug resistance to cancer cells and determine compartmentalization of a wide range of physiological metabolites and endo or xenobiotics, by their primary active transport across biological membranes. The substrate specificity and tissue distribution of these promiscuous human ABC transporters show a high degree of redundancy, providing robustness to these key physiological and pharmacological processes, such as the elimination of toxins, e.g. methotrexate from the body. A similar network of proteins capable of transporting methotrexate has been recently suggested to exist in Drosophila melanogaster. One of the key players of this putative network is Drosophila Multidrug-resistance Associated Protein (DMRP). DMRP has been shown to be a highly active and promiscuous ABC transporter, capable of transporting various organic anions. Here we provide the first direct evidence that DMRP, expressed alone in a heterologous system lacking other, potentially functionally overlapping D. melanogaster organic anion transporters, is indeed able to transport methotrexate. Our in vitro results support the hypothesized but debated role of DMRP in in vivo methotrexate excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Karasik
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences—Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Váradi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences—Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Flóra Szeri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences—Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim JH, Moreau JA, Zina JM, Mazgaeen L, Yoon KS, Pittendrigh BR, Clark JM. Identification and interaction of multiple genes resulting in DDT resistance in the 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster by RNAi approaches. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 151:90-99. [PMID: 30704719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been re-recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria mosquito control. Previous DDT use has resulted in resistance, and with continued use resistance will likely increase in terms of level and extent. Drosophila melanogaster is a model dipteran with a well annotated genome allowing both forward and reverse genetic manipulation, numerous studies done on insecticide resistance mechanisms, and is related to malaria mosquitoes allowing for extrapolation. The 91-R strain of D. melanogaster is highly resistant to DDT (>1500-fold) and recently, reduced penetration, increased detoxification, and direct excretion have been identified as resistance mechanisms. Their interactions, however, remain unclear. Use of Gal4/UAS-RNAi transgenic lines of D. melanogaster allowed for the targeted knockdown of genes putatively involved in DDT resistance and has identified the role of several cuticular proteins (Cyp4g1 and Lcp1), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cyp6g1 and Cyp12d1), and ATP binding cassette transporters (Mdr50, Mdr65, and Mrp1) involved in decreased sensitivity to DDT. These above findings have been further validated in 91-R flies using a nanoparticle-enhanced RNAi strategy, directly implication these genes in DDT resistance in 91-R flies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Joseph A Moreau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jake M Zina
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lalita Mazgaeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Kyong Sup Yoon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Barry R Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Marshall Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karasik A, Ledwitch KV, Arányi T, Váradi A, Roberts A, Szeri F. Boosted coupling of ATP hydrolysis to substrate transport upon cooperative estradiol-17-β-D-glucuronide binding in a Drosophila ATP binding cassette type-C transporter. FASEB J 2018; 32:669-680. [PMID: 28939593 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700606r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette type-C (ABCC) transporters move molecules across cell membranes upon hydrolysis of ATP; however, their coupling of ATP hydrolysis to substrate transport remains elusive. Drosophila multidrug resistance-associated protein (DMRP) is the functional ortholog of human long ABCC transporters, with similar substrate and inhibitor specificity, but higher activity. Exploiting its high activity, we kinetically dissected the catalytic mechanism of DMRP by using E2-d-glucuronide (E2G), the physiologic substrate of human ABCC. We examined the DMRP-mediated interdependence of ATP and E2G in biochemical assays. We observed E2G-dependent ATPase activity to be biphasic at subsaturating ATP concentrations, which implies at least 2 E2G binding sites on DMRP. Furthermore, transport measurements indicated strong nonreciprocal cooperativity between ATP and E2G. In addition to confirming these findings, our kinetic modeling with the Complex Pathway Simulator indicated a 10-fold decrease in the E2G-mediated activation of ATP hydrolysis upon saturation of the second E2G binding site. Surprisingly, the binding of the second E2G allowed for substrate transport with a constant rate, which tightly coupled ATP hydrolysis to transport. In summary, we show that the second E2G binding-similar to human ABCC2-allosterically stimulates transport activity of DMRP. Our data suggest that this is achieved by a significant increase in the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to transport.-Karasik, A., Ledwitch, K. V., Arányi, T., Váradi, A., Roberts, A., Szeri, F. Boosted coupling of ATP hydrolysis to substrate transport upon cooperative estradiol-17-β-D-glucuronide binding in a Drosophila ATP binding cassette type-C transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Karasik
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Arányi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Váradi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arthur Roberts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Flóra Szeri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tian L, Song T, He R, Zeng Y, Xie W, Wu Q, Wang S, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Genome-wide analysis of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:330. [PMID: 28446145 PMCID: PMC5405539 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ABC transporter superfamily is one of the largest and ubiquitous groups of proteins. Because of their role in detoxification, insect ABC transporters have gained more attention in recent years. In this study, we annotated ABC transporters from a newly sequenced sweetpotato whitefly genome. Bemisia tabaci Q biotype is an emerging global invasive species that has caused extensive damages to field crops as well as ornamental plants. Results A total of 55 ABC transporters containing all eight described subfamilies (A to H) were identified in the B. tabaci Q genome, including 8 ABCAs, 3 ABCBs, 6 ABCCs, 2 ABCDs, 1 ABCE, 3 ABCFs, 23 ABCGs and 9 ABCHs. In comparison to other species, subfamilies G and H in both phloem- and blood-sucking arthropods are expanded. The temporal expression profiles of these 55 ABC transporters throughout B. tabaci developmental stages and their responses to imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, were investigated using RNA-seq analysis. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of 24 ABC transporters (44% of the total) representing all eight subfamilies was confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, mRNA expression levels estimated by RT-qPCR and RNA-seq analyses were significantly correlated (r = 0.684, p < 0.01). Conclusions It is the first genome-wide analysis of the entire repertoire of ABC transporters in B. tabaci. The identification of these ABC transporters, their temporal expression profiles during B. tabaci development, and their response to a neonicotinoid insecticide lay the foundation for functional genomic understanding of their contribution to the invasiveness of B. tabaci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3706-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Tian
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianxue Song
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rongjun He
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gökirmak T, Campanale JP, Reitzel AM, Shipp LE, Moy GW, Hamdoun A. Functional diversification of sea urchin ABCC1 (MRP1) by alternative splicing. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C911-20. [PMID: 27053522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00029.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family encodes a diverse repertoire of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters with multiple roles in development, disease, and homeostasis. Understanding MRP evolution is central to unraveling their roles in these diverse processes. Sea urchins occupy an important phylogenetic position for understanding the evolution of vertebrate proteins and have been an important invertebrate model system for study of ABC transporters. We used phylogenetic analyses to examine the evolution of MRP transporters and functional approaches to identify functional forms of sea urchin MRP1 (also known as SpABCC1). SpABCC1, the only MRP homolog in sea urchins, is co-orthologous to human MRP1, MRP3, and MRP6 (ABCC1, ABCC3, and ABCC6) transporters. However, efflux assays revealed that alternative splicing of exon 22, a region critical for substrate interactions, could diversify functions of sea urchin MRP1. Phylogenetic comparisons also indicate that while MRP1, MRP3, and MRP6 transporters potentially arose from a single transporter in basal deuterostomes, alternative splicing appears to have been the major mode of functional diversification in invertebrates, while duplication may have served a more important role in vertebrates. These results provide a deeper understanding of the evolutionary origins of MRP transporters and the potential mechanisms used to diversify their functions in different groups of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Gökirmak
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Joseph P Campanale
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Lauren E Shipp
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Gary W Moy
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Qadi S, Schiøtt M, Hansen SH, Nielsen PA, Badolo L. An invertebrate model for CNS drug discovery: Transcriptomic and functional analysis of a mammalian P-glycoprotein ortholog. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2439-51. [PMID: 26363463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Al-Qadi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark; Faculty of Nursing, Pharmacy and Health professions, Birzeit University, PO Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine. Telephone: +972-2-298-2000, Fax: +972-2-281-0656..
| | - Morten Schiøtt
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Aadal Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Lassina Badolo
- Division of Discovery Chemistry, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Survey of the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Gene Superfamily in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137394. [PMID: 26418738 PMCID: PMC4587908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837), are fish ectoparasites causing significant economic damage in the mariculture of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758. The control of L. salmonis at fish farms relies to a large extent on treatment with anti-parasitic drugs. A problem related to chemical control is the potential for development of resistance, which in L. salmonis is documented for a number of drug classes including organophosphates, pyrethroids and avermectins. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) gene superfamily is found in all biota and includes a range of drug efflux transporters that can confer drug resistance to cancers and pathogens. Furthermore, some ABC transporters are recognised to be involved in conferral of insecticide resistance. While a number of studies have investigated ABC transporters in L. salmonis, no systematic analysis of the ABC gene family exists for this species. This study presents a genome-wide survey of ABC genes in L. salmonis for which, ABC superfamily members were identified through homology searching of the L. salmonis genome. In addition, ABC proteins were identified in a reference transcriptome of the parasite generated by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of a multi-stage RNA library. Searches of both genome and transcriptome allowed the identification of a total of 33 genes / transcripts coding for ABC proteins, of which 3 were represented only in the genome and 4 only in the transcriptome. Eighteen sequences were assigned to ABC subfamilies known to contain drug transporters, i.e. subfamilies B (4 sequences), C (11) and G (2). The results suggest that the ABC gene family of L. salmonis possesses fewer members than recorded for other arthropods. The present survey of the L. salmonis ABC gene superfamily will provide the basis for further research into potential roles of ABC transporters in the toxicity of salmon delousing agents and as potential mechanisms of drug resistance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gellatly KJ, Yoon KS, Doherty JJ, Sun W, Pittendrigh BR, Clark JM. RNAi validation of resistance genes and their interactions in the highly DDT-resistant 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 121:107-115. [PMID: 26047118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been re-recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria mosquito control. Previous DDT use has resulted in resistance, and with continued use resistance will increase in terms of level and extent. Drosophila melanogaster is a model dipteran that has many available genetic tools, numerous studies done on insecticide resistance mechanisms, and is related to malaria mosquitoes allowing for extrapolation. The 91-R strain of D. melanogaster is highly resistant to DDT (>1500-fold), however, there is no mechanistic scheme that accounts for this level of resistance. Recently, reduced penetration, increased detoxification, and direct excretion have been identified as resistance mechanisms in the 91-R strain. Their interactions, however, remain unclear. Use of UAS-RNAi transgenic lines of D. melanogaster allowed for the targeted knockdown of genes putatively involved in DDT resistance and has validated the role of several cuticular proteins (Cyp4g1 and Lcp1), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cyp6g1 and Cyp12d1), and ATP binding cassette transporters (Mdr50, Mdr65, and Mrp1) involved in DDT resistance. Further, increased sensitivity to DDT in the 91-R strain after intra-abdominal dsRNA injection for Mdr50, Mdr65, and Mrp1 was determined by a DDT contact bioassay, directly implicating these genes in DDT efflux and resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gellatly
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Kyong Sup Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Jeffery J Doherty
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology & Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Barry R Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology & Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - J Marshall Clark
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang H, Lu-Bo Y, Haddad GG. A Drosophila ABC transporter regulates lifespan. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004844. [PMID: 25474322 PMCID: PMC4256198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MRP4 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 4) is a member of the MRP/ABCC subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that are essential for many cellular processes requiring the transport of substrates across cell membranes. Although MRP4 has been implicated as a detoxification protein by transport of structurally diverse endogenous and xenobiotic compounds, including antivirus and anticancer drugs, that usually induce oxidative stress in cells, its in vivo biological function remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the biological functions of a Drosophila homolog of human MRP4, dMRP4. We show that dMRP4 expression is elevated in response to oxidative stress (paraquat, hydrogen peroxide and hyperoxia) in Drosophila. Flies lacking dMRP4 have a shortened lifespan under both oxidative and normal conditions. Overexpression of dMRP4, on the other hand, is sufficient to increase oxidative stress resistance and extend lifespan. By genetic manipulations, we demonstrate that dMRP4 is required for JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase) activation during paraquat challenge and for basal transcription of some JNK target genes under normal condition. We show that impaired JNK signaling is an important cause for major defects associated with dMRP4 mutations, suggesting that dMRP4 regulates lifespan by modulating the expression of a set of genes related to both oxidative resistance and aging, at least in part, through JNK signaling. The drug transporters are often known for their ability to transport different physiological-related compounds across cell membranes. Although the abnormal up-regulation of some these transporters is believed to be the common cause of the clinic problem called drug resistance, the biological functions of these transporters remain largely unknown. Here we show that a Drosophila homolog of the mammalian drug transporter plays a role in lifespan regulation. Mutations of this gene increase the sensitivity to oxidative stress and reduce lifespan, while overexpression of this gene increases resistance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan. By molecular and genetic analyses, we have linked functions of this gene to a key signaling transduction pathway that has been known to be important in lifespan regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Lu-Bo
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jeong CB, Kim BM, Lee JS, Rhee JS. Genome-wide identification of whole ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:651. [PMID: 25096237 PMCID: PMC4247197 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest transporter gene families and is observed in all animal taxa. Although a large set of transcriptomic data was recently assembled for several species of crustaceans, identification and annotation of the large ABC transporter gene family have been very challenging. Results In the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus, 46 putative ABC transporters were identified using in silico analysis, and their full-length cDNA sequences were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 46 T. japonicus ABC transporters are classified into eight subfamilies (A-H) that include all the members of all ABC subfamilies, consisting of five ABCA, five ABCB, 17 ABCC, three ABCD, one ABCE, three ABCF, seven ABCG, and five ABCH subfamilies. Of them, unique isotypic expansion of two clades of ABCC1 proteins was observed. Real-time RT-PCR-based heatmap analysis revealed that most T. japonicus ABC genes showed temporal transcriptional expression during copepod development. The overall transcriptional profile demonstrated that half of all T. japonicus ABC genes were strongly associated with at least one developmental stage. Of them, transcripts TJ-ABCH_88708 and TJ-ABCE1 were highly expressed during all developmental stages. Conclusions The whole set of T. japonicus ABC genes and their phylogenetic relationships will provide a better understanding of the comparative evolution of essential gene family resources in arthropods, including the crustacean copepods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-651) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. The ABC gene family in arthropods: comparative genomics and role in insecticide transport and resistance. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 45:89-110. [PMID: 24291285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
About a 100 years ago, the Drosophila white mutant marked the birth of Drosophila genetics. The white gene turned out to encode the first well studied ABC transporter in arthropods. The ABC gene family is now recognized as one of the largest transporter families in all kingdoms of life. The majority of ABC proteins function as primary-active transporters that bind and hydrolyze ATP while transporting a large diversity of substrates across lipid membranes. Although extremely well studied in vertebrates for their role in drug resistance, less is known about the role of this family in the transport of endogenous and exogenous substances in arthropods. The ABC families of five insect species, a crustacean and a chelicerate have been annotated in some detail. We conducted a thorough phylogenetic analysis of the seven arthropod and human ABC protein subfamilies, to infer orthologous relationships that might suggest conserved function. Most orthologous relationships were found in the ABCB half transporter, ABCD, ABCE and ABCF subfamilies, but specific expansions within species and lineages are frequently observed and discussed. We next surveyed the role of ABC transporters in the transport of xenobiotics/plant allelochemicals and their involvement in insecticide resistance. The involvement of ABC transporters in xenobiotic resistance in arthropods is historically not well documented, but an increasing number of studies using unbiased differential gene expression analysis now points to their importance. We give an overview of methods that can be used to link ABC transporters to resistance. ABC proteins have also recently been implicated in the mode of action and resistance to Bt toxins in Lepidoptera. Given the enormous interest in Bt toxicology in transgenic crops, such findings will provide an impetus to further reveal the role of ABC transporters in arthropods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dermauw W, Osborne EJ, Clark RM, Grbić M, Tirry L, Van Leeuwen T. A burst of ABC genes in the genome of the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:317. [PMID: 23663308 PMCID: PMC3724490 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ABC (ATP-binding cassette) gene superfamily is widespread across all living species. The majority of ABC genes encode ABC transporters, which are membrane-spanning proteins capable of transferring substrates across biological membranes by hydrolyzing ATP. Although ABC transporters have often been associated with resistance to drugs and toxic compounds, within the Arthropoda ABC gene families have only been characterized in detail in several insects and a crustacean. In this study, we report a genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the ABC gene superfamily in the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, a chelicerate ~ 450 million years diverged from other Arthropod lineages. T. urticae is a major agricultural pest, and is among of the most polyphagous arthropod herbivores known. The species resists a staggering array of toxic plant secondary metabolites, and has developed resistance to all major classes of pesticides in use for its control. Results We identified 103 ABC genes in the T. urticae genome, the highest number discovered in a metazoan species to date. Within the T. urticae ABC gene set, all members of the eight currently described subfamilies (A to H) were detected. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the high number of ABC genes in T. urticae is due primarily to lineage-specific expansions of ABC genes within the ABCC, ABCG and ABCH subfamilies. In particular, the ABCC subfamily harbors the highest number of T. urticae ABC genes (39). In a comparative genomic analysis, we found clear orthologous relationships between a subset of T. urticae ABC proteins and ABC proteins in both vertebrates and invertebrates known to be involved in fundamental cellular processes. These included members of the ABCB-half transporters, and the ABCD, ABCE and ABCF families. Furthermore, one-to-one orthologues could be distinguished between T. urticae proteins and human ABCC10, ABCG5 and ABCG8, the Drosophila melanogaster sulfonylurea receptor and ecdysone-regulated transporter E23. Finally, expression profiling revealed that ABC genes in the ABCC, ABCG ABCH subfamilies were differentially expressed in multi-pesticide resistant mite strains and/or in mites transferred to challenging (toxic) host plants. Conclusions In this study we present the first comprehensive analysis of ABC genes in a polyphagous arthropod herbivore. We demonstrate that the broad plant host range and high levels of pesticide resistance in T. urticae are associated with lineage-specific expansions of ABC genes, many of which respond transcriptionally to xenobiotic exposure. This ABC catalogue will serve as a basis for future biochemical and toxicological studies. Obtaining functional evidence that these ABC subfamilies contribute to xenobiotic tolerance should be the priority of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Broehan G, Kroeger T, Lorenzen M, Merzendorfer H. Functional analysis of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene family of Tribolium castaneum. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:6. [PMID: 23324493 PMCID: PMC3560195 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to a large superfamily of proteins that have important physiological functions in all living organisms. Most are integral membrane proteins that transport a broad spectrum of substrates across lipid membranes. In insects, ABC transporters are of special interest because of their role in insecticide resistance. Results We have identified 73 ABC transporter genes in the genome of T. castaneum, which group into eight subfamilies (ABCA-H). This coleopteran ABC family is significantly larger than those reported for insects in other taxonomic groups. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this increase is due to gene expansion within a single clade of subfamily ABCC. We performed an RNA interference (RNAi) screen to study the function of ABC transporters during development. In ten cases, injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into larvae caused developmental phenotypes, which included growth arrest and localized melanization, eye pigmentation defects, abnormal cuticle formation, egg-laying and egg-hatching defects, and mortality due to abortive molting and desiccation. Some of the ABC transporters we studied in closer detail to examine their role in lipid, ecdysteroid and eye pigment transport. Conclusions The results from our study provide new insights into the physiological function of ABC transporters in T. castaneum, and may help to establish new target sites for insect control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Broehan
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Animal Physiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49069, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gökirmak T, Campanale JP, Shipp LE, Moy GW, Tao H, Hamdoun A. Localization and substrate selectivity of sea urchin multidrug (MDR) efflux transporters. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43876-83. [PMID: 23124201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.424879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we cloned, expressed and functionally characterized Stronglycentrotus purpuratus (Sp) ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This screen identified three multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters with functional homology to the major types of MDR transporters found in humans. When overexpressed in embryos, the apical transporters Sp-ABCB1a, ABCB4a, and ABCG2a can account for as much as 87% of the observed efflux activity, providing a robust assay for their substrate selectivity. Using this assay, we found that sea urchin MDR transporters export canonical MDR susbtrates such as calcein-AM, bodipy-verapamil, bodipy-vinblastine, and mitoxantrone. In addition, we characterized the impact of nonconservative substitutions in the primary sequences of drug binding domains of sea urchin versus murine ABCB1 by mutation of Sp-ABCB1a and treatment of embryos with stereoisomeric cyclic peptide inhibitors (QZ59 compounds). The results indicated that two substitutions in transmembrane helix 6 reverse stereoselectivity of Sp-ABCB1a for QZ59 enantiomers compared with mouse ABCB1a. This suggests that subtle changes in the primary sequence of transporter drug binding domains could fine-tune substrate specificity through evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Gökirmak
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chahine S, Campos A, O'Donnell MJ. Genetic knockdown of a single organic anion transporter alters the expression of functionally related genes in Malpighian tubules of
Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2601-10. [PMID: 22786636 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Insects excrete a wide variety of toxins via the Malpighian (renal) tubules. Previous studies have implicated three transporters in the secretion of the organic anion (OA) methotrexate (MTX) by the Drosophila Malpighian tubule: Drosophila multidrug resistance-associated protein (dMRP, CG6214), a multidrug efflux transporter (MET, CG30344), and an organic anion transporting polypeptide 58Dc (OATP58Dc, CG3380). RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown and P-element insertion mutation of single OA transporter genes were used to evaluate the importance of these three putative transporters in the secretion of MTX by the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster. A major finding is that genetic knockdown of a single OA transporter gene leads to reductions in the expression of at least one other OA transporter gene and in secretion of MTX by Malpighian tubules isolated from flies reared on a standard diet. The pattern of changes indicates that decreases in MTX secretion do not correspond to decreases in dMRP expression in all of the RNAi lines. Genetic knockdown of a single OA transporter gene also alters the extent of upregulation of multiple OA transporter genes in the tubules in response to dietary MTX. Knockdown of dMRP is associated with a decrease in MET expression but an increase in OATP expression when flies are reared on MTX-enriched diet. Our results indicate that dMRP and MET are not the dominant MTX transporters in the tubules when flies are reared on MTX-enriched diets. At least one additional transporter, and possibly OATP, are required for MTX secretion. The implications of our results for studies using genetic knockdown techniques to identify OA transporters in whole tissues such as Malpighian tubules are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chahine
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Ana Campos
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Michael J. O'Donnell
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genome-wide analysis of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene family in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7281-91. [PMID: 22311044 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily is a larger protein family with diverse physiological functions in all kingdoms of life. We identified 53 ABC transporters in the silkworm genome, and classified them into eight subfamilies (A-H). Comparative genome analysis revealed that the silkworm has an expanded ABCC subfamily with more members than Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, or Homo sapiens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ABCE and ABCF genes were highly conserved in the silkworm, indicating possible involvement in fundamental biological processes. Five multidrug resistance-related genes in the ABCB subfamily and two multidrug resistance-associated-related genes in the ABCC subfamily indicated involvement in biochemical defense. Genetic variation analysis revealed four ABC genes that might be evolving under positive selection. Moreover, the silkworm ABCC4 gene might be important for silkworm domestication. Microarray analysis showed that the silkworm ABC genes had distinct expression patterns in different tissues on day 3 of the fifth instar. These results might provide new insights for further functional studies on the ABC genes in the silkworm genome.
Collapse
|
22
|
Labbé R, Caveney S, Donly C. Genetic analysis of the xenobiotic resistance-associated ABC gene subfamilies of the Lepidoptera. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 20:243-256. [PMID: 21199020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of subfamilies B, C and G confer resistance to xenobiotics including insecticides. We identified genes of these subfamilies expressed by the lepidopterans Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori. The B. mori genome includes eight, six and 13 ABC-B, -C and -G genes, respectively, which encode P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein, MRP, and breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP, homologues. Among the ABC-C and -G subfamilies, gene duplication contributes to protein diversity. We have identified three ABC-B and two ABC-C T. ni genes. Analyses of the T. ni MRP (TrnMRP) revealed unique features, including the potential for TrnMRP4 hyperglycosylation and the alternative splicing of TrnMRP1. Taken together, these attributes of moth multidrug resistance-associated ABCs may confer distinct functional capacities to xenobiotic efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Labbé
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Labbé R, Caveney S, Donly C. Expression of multidrug resistance proteins is localized principally to the Malpighian tubules in larvae of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:937-44. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) serve a number of important roles in development, physiological homeostasis and metabolic resistance. In insects, they may also contribute to resistance against xenobiotics including insecticides and plant secondary metabolites. To investigate their contribution to xenobiotic resistance, we have examined the tissue distribution of gene and protein expression of the multidrug resistance proteins TrnMRP1 and TrnMRP4 of the lepidopteran insect, Trichoplusia ni. Using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, we have identified high expression levels of both transporters in the Malpighian tubules relative to levels in other major tissues of the body, where they probably contribute to excretion of metabolic wastes or ingested xenobiotics. We have specifically located TrnMRP protein expression in a subpopulation of Malpighian tubule secondary cells. Expression of TrnMRP1 was also detected both at a high level in specific cortical neurons of larval ganglia and at a lower level throughout the cortex, where it may act in signaling or protective functions, respectively. In contrast, expression of TrnMRP4 was low to absent in larval ganglia, with the exception of single cells in the central connective. We discuss the potential implications of this TrnMRP activity on insect development and metabolic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roselyne Labbé
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stanley Caveney
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cam Donly
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Parry S, Linton SM, Francis PS, O'Donnell MJ, Toop T. Accumulation and excretion of morphine by Calliphora stygia, an Australian blow fly species of forensic importance. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:62-73. [PMID: 20888829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the ability of the forensically important blow fly, Calliphora stygia to actively excrete morphine, thereby maintaining a low morphine level within its body when fed on a diet containing morphine at low (7pmolg(-1)) and high (17.5pmolg(-1)) concentrations. Morphine was accumulated within the bodies of maggots (≈70% within the tissues) at concentrations which were lower than that of the meat (3-24%). The morphine content of the initial developing stages (second and third instar maggots) maintained on the high morphine diet was higher than those on the low morphine diet. Morphine was cleared from the body with negatively exponential kinetics (High morphine group: Morphine (pmolg(-1) wet weight)=8425e(-0.014t). Low morphine group: Morphine (pmolg(-1) wet weight)=2180e(-0.010t)). Clearance constants for morphine by animals in both groups were similar and thus both groups had a similar ability to excrete morphine. The Malpighian tubules of maggots were able to actively secrete morphine using a transport mechanism that transports small type II organic cations, such as morphine and quinine. The rate of morphine secretion by the Malpighian tubules could explain the clearance of the drug by the maggots. As the morphine was transported across the Malpighian tubules cells, a significant proportion was metabolised into a compound that is yet to be fully characterised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Parry
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beyenbach KW, Skaer H, Dow JAT. The developmental, molecular, and transport biology of Malpighian tubules. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 55:351-74. [PMID: 19961332 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biology is reaching new depths in our understanding of the development and physiology of Malpighian tubules. In Diptera, Malpighian tubules derive from ectodermal cells that evaginate from the primitive hindgut and subsequently undergo a sequence of orderly events that culminates in an active excretory organ by the time the larva takes its first meal. Thereafter, the tubules enlarge by cell growth. Just as modern experimental strategies have illuminated the development of tubules, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies have uncovered new tubule functions that serve immune defenses and the breakdown and renal clearance of toxic substances. Moreover, genes associated with specific diseases in humans are also found in flies, some of which, astonishingly, express similar pathophenotypes. However, classical experimental approaches continue to show their worth by distinguishing between -omic possibilities and physiological reality while providing further detail about the rapid regulation of the transport pathway through septate junctions and the reversible assembly of proton pumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Beyenbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster uncovers a novel set of genes required for embryonic epithelial repair. Genetics 2009; 184:129-40. [PMID: 19884309 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.110288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing response is an essential mechanism to maintain the integrity of epithelia and protect all organisms from the surrounding milieu. In the "purse-string" mechanism of wound closure, an injured epithelial sheet cinches its hole closed via an intercellular contractile actomyosin cable. This process is conserved across species and utilized by both embryonic as well as adult tissues, but remains poorly understood at the cellular level. In an effort to identify new players involved in purse-string wound closure we developed a wounding strategy suitable for screening large numbers of Drosophila embryos. Using this methodology, we observe wound healing defects in Jun-related antigen (encoding DJUN) and scab (encoding Drosophila alphaPS3 integrin) mutants and performed a forward genetics screen on the basis of insertional mutagenesis by transposons that led to the identification of 30 lethal insertional mutants with defects in embryonic epithelia repair. One of the mutants identified is an insertion in the karst locus, which encodes Drosophila beta(Heavy)-spectrin. We show beta(Heavy)-spectrin (beta(H)) localization to the wound edges where it presumably exerts an essential function to bring the wound to normal closure.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chahine S, O'Donnell MJ. Physiological and molecular characterization of methotrexate transport by Malpighian tubules of adult Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 55:927-935. [PMID: 19545574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A radioisotope tracer technique and quantitative PCR were used to study the mechanisms and regulation of transepithelial transport of the type II organic anion methotrexate (MTX) by the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster. Transport of MTX was saturable and Na(+)-independent; the kinetic parameters J(max) and K(t) were 437fmolmin(-1) and 23.5microM, respectively. The transport of MTX was competitively inhibited by phenol red and probenecid; non-competitively inhibited by salicylate, verapamil and MK-571; and uncompetitively inhibited by Texas Red. Dietary exposure to 0.1mM MTX led to dramatic increases in gene expression for several members of the ABC family of transporters in both the Malpighian tubules and the gut. Our results suggest that multiple transporters are upregulated in response to dietary exposure to MTX. Increased levels of the protein products which may result from expression of these genes may enhance elimination of toxic compounds such as MTX or its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chahine
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sturm A, Cunningham P, Dean M. The ABC transporter gene family of Daphnia pulex. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:170. [PMID: 19383151 PMCID: PMC2680897 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The large gene superfamily of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters encodes membrane proteins involved in trafficking processes across biological membranes and further essential cell biological functions. ABC transporters are evolutionary ancient and involved in the biochemical defence against toxicants. We report here a genome-wide survey of ABC proteins of Daphnia pulex, providing for the first time information on ABC proteins in crustacea, a primarily aquatic arthropod subphylum of high ecological and economical importance. Results We identified 64 ABC proteins in the Daphnia genome, which possesses members of all current ABC subfamilies A to H. To unravel phylogenetic relationships, ABC proteins of Daphnia were compared to those from yeast, worm, fruit fly and human. A high conservation of Daphnia of ABC transporters was observed for proteins involved in fundamental cellular processes, including the mitochondrial half transporters of the ABCB subfamily, which function in iron metabolism and transport of Fe/S protein precursors, and the members of subfamilies ABCD, ABCE and ABCF, which have roles in very long chain fatty acid transport, initiation of gene transcription and protein translation, respectively. A number of Daphnia proteins showed one-to-one orthologous relationships to Drosophila ABC proteins including the sulfonyl urea receptor (SUR), the ecdysone transporter ET23, and the eye pigment precursor transporter scarlet. As the fruit fly, Daphnia lacked homologues to the TAP protein, which plays a role in antigene processing, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which functions as a chloride channel. Daphnia showed two proteins homologous to MDR (multidrug resistance) P-glycoproteins (ABCB subfamily) and six proteins homologous to MRPs (multidrug resistance-associated proteins) (ABCC subfamily). However, lineage specific gene duplications in the ABCB and ABCC subfamilies complicated the inference of function. A particularly high number of gene duplications were observed in the ABCG and ABCH subfamilies, which have 23 and 15 members, respectively. Conclusion The in silico characterisation of ABC transporters in the Daphnia pulex genome revealed that the complement of ABC transporters is as complex in crustaceans as that other metazoans. Not surprisingly, among currently available genomes, Daphnia ABC transporters most closely resemble those of the fruit fly, another arthropod.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Sturm
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Szeri F, Iliás A, Pomozi V, Robinow S, Bakos E, Váradi A. The high turnover Drosophila multidrug resistance-associated protein shares the biochemical features of its human orthologues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1788:402-9. [PMID: 19059376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DMRP, an ABC transporter encoded by the dMRP/CG6214 gene, is the Drosophila melanogaster orthologue of the "long" human multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, MRP3/ABCC3, MRP6/ABCC6, and MRP7/ABCC10). In order to provide a detailed biochemical characterisation we expressed DMRP in Sf9 insect cell membranes. We demonstrated DMRP as a functional orthologue of its human counterparts capable of transporting several human MRP substrates like beta-estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide, leukotriene C4, calcein, fluo3 and carboxydichlorofluorescein. Unexpectedly, we found DMRP to exhibit an extremely high turnover rate for the substrate transport as compared to its human orthologues. Furthermore, DMRP showed remarkably high basal ATPase activity (68-75 nmol Pi/mg membrane protein/min), which could be further stimulated by probenecid and the glutathione conjugate of N-ethylmaleimide. Surprisingly, this high level basal ATPase activity was inhibited by the transported substrates. We discussed this phenomenon in the light of a potential endogenous substrate (or activator) present in the Sf9 membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Szeri
- Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 7, H-1518, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang H, Haddad GG. Drosophila dMRP4 regulates responsiveness to O2 deprivation and development under hypoxia. Physiol Genomics 2007; 29:260-6. [PMID: 17284667 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00166.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For most vertebrates, oxygen is a prerequisite for survival. Although we have previously shown that Drosophila melanogaster is hypoxia tolerant, how this species senses O(2) deprivation and how it survives oxygen-limiting conditions are as yet poorly understood. We began to address this question by testing for anoxic responsiveness in Drosophila adult flies following overexpression of existing EP lines. In this screen, we identified Drosophila CG14709 gene as a homolog of the human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) that is tightly regulated to oxygen. Ubiquitous expression of dMRP4 in adult flies resulted in increased sensitivity to anoxia as they had longer recovery time from anoxic stupor. When exposed to 4% oxygen chronically (throughout its lifespan), constitutive expression of dMRP4 in larvae caused larval lethality due to growth arrest. Mutations of dMRP4 led to a hypersensitive response to acute anoxia in adult flies but had less impact on larval survival under chronic hypoxia compared with dMRP4 overexpression. Selective expression of this gene in neurons, but not in glia or muscles, mirrored the same phenotype as the ubiquitous one. Thus, our data suggest novel roles for MRP in vivo: 1) dMRP4 regulates the sensitivity to acute or chronic O(2) deprivation, and 2) dMRP expression in neurons is sufficient to induce the sensitivity to O(2) in the whole organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and the Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0735, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Leader JP, O'Donnell MJ. Transepithelial transport of fluorescent p-glycoprotein and MRP2 substrates by insect Malpighian tubules: confocal microscopic analysis of secreted fluid droplets. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:4363-76. [PMID: 16339857 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYTransport of fluorescent substrates of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) by insect Malpighian tubules was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Isolated tubules of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus accumulated the MRP2 substrate Texas Red in the cells and lumen at concentrations up to 20 and 40 times,respectively, those in the bathing medium. Quantitative CLSM analysis of fluorochrome transport in some cricket tubules and all Drosophilatubules was not practical because of interfering effects of concretions in the cells and lumen. Samples of fluid secreted by tubules set up in Ramsay assays were therefore collected in hollow rectangle glass capillaries. Transepithelial dye flux was calculated as the product of fluid secretion rate(measured in the Ramsay assay) and dye concentration (measured by CLSM of the fluid samples). Dose–response curves for transport and the ratio of dye concentration in the secreted fluid to that in the bathing medium (S/M) were determined for Texas Red as well as for P-gp substrates (rhodamine 123,daunorubicin), the organic anion fluorescein and the organic cation quinacrine. Transepithelial transport of Texas Red was reduced by the MRP2 inhibitors MK571 and probenecid. Transport of daunorubicin was reduced by the P-gp inhibitors verapamil and quinacrine and also by the organic cation tetraethylammonium. The results indicate the presence of P-gp-like and MRP2-like transporters in the Malpighian tubules of both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Leader
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|