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Yang F, Lee G, Fan Y. Navigating tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic perspectives and myeloid cell regulation mechanism. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09913-z. [PMID: 38580870 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Sustained angiogenesis stands as a hallmark of cancer. The intricate vascular tumor microenvironment fuels cancer progression and metastasis, fosters therapy resistance, and facilitates immune evasion. Therapeutic strategies targeting tumor vasculature have emerged as transformative for cancer treatment, encompassing anti-angiogenesis, vessel normalization, and endothelial reprogramming. Growing evidence suggests the dynamic regulation of tumor angiogenesis by infiltrating myeloid cells, such as macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and neutrophils. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is pivotal in paving the way for successful vasculature-targeted cancer treatments. Therapeutic interventions aimed to disrupt myeloid cell-mediated tumor angiogenesis may reshape tumor microenvironment and overcome tumor resistance to radio/chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Gloria Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Korol N, Holovko-Kamoshenkova OM, Slivka M, Pallah O, Onysko MY, Kryvovyaz A, Boyko NV, Yaremko OV, Mariychuk R. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Series of Bis-1,2,4-Triazoles as Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2023; 16:93-102. [PMID: 37560149 PMCID: PMC10408706 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s415961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterocyclic compounds have diverse biological activities and potential in drug development. This study aims to synthesize novel compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores and evaluate their biological properties, particularly their inhibitory activity against thymidine phosphorylase (TP), an enzyme involved in various physiological processes. METHODS The compounds were synthesized by reacting 5,5'-butane-bis-1,2,4-triazole derivatives with prenyl bromide. Characterization involved various techniques, including spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial potential was evaluated against bacteria and fungi, with comparative antibiotics as references. Inhibitory activity against TP was assessed, and molecular docking studies were conducted. RESULTS Six compounds were successfully synthesized and their structures confirmed. The synthesized triazole derivatives exhibited high biological activity, with compounds 2 and 6 showing the most promising TP inhibition. Molecular docking studies revealed interactions between compound 2 and TP, involving nine amino acids. DISCUSSION The synthesis of novel compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores contributes significantly to bis-triazole research. These compounds have potential as anti-tumor agents due to their inhibitory activity against TP, a crucial enzyme in tumor growth and metastasis. Comparative evaluation against antibiotics highlights their potency. Docking results provide insights into their interactions with TP, supporting their potential as potent TP inhibitors. Further research should focus on evaluating their efficacy in biological models, understanding their mechanisms of action, and optimizing their activities. CONCLUSION The synthesized compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores exhibit significant biological activity, including strong TP inhibition and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. These findings emphasize their potential as anti-tumor agents and the need for further exploration and optimization. Future research should focus on evaluating their efficacy in biological models, understanding their mechanisms of action, and developing more potent bis-triazole derivatives for drug discovery efforts. The combined results from assays and docking studies support the therapeutic potential of these compounds as anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Korol
- Organic Chemistry Department, Educational and Research Institute of Chemistry and Ecology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Oksana M Holovko-Kamoshenkova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Educational and Research Institute of Chemistry and Ecology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Mikhailo Slivka
- Organic Chemistry Department, Educational and Research Institute of Chemistry and Ecology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandra Pallah
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Yu Onysko
- Organic Chemistry Department, Educational and Research Institute of Chemistry and Ecology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Kryvovyaz
- Organic Chemistry Department, Educational and Research Institute of Chemistry and Ecology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Nadiya V Boyko
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Olha V Yaremko
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Lviv National Stepan Gzhytsky University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Mariychuk
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Science, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
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3
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Bioinformatics analysis identified RGS4 as a potential tumor promoter in glioma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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GEINDREAU M, BRUCHARD M, VEGRAN F. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Angiogenesis in a Tumor Context. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102446. [PMID: 35626056 PMCID: PMC9139472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor growth in solid cancers requires adequate nutrient and oxygen supply, provided by blood vessels created by angiogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that this mechanism plays a crucial role in cancer development and appears to be a well-defined hallmark of cancer. This process is carefully regulated, notably by cytokines with pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic features. In this review, we will discuss the role of cytokines in the modulation of angiogenesis. In addition, we will summarize the therapeutic approaches based on cytokine modulation and their clinical approval. Abstract During carcinogenesis, tumors set various mechanisms to help support their development. Angiogenesis is a crucial process for cancer development as it drives the creation of blood vessels within the tumor. These newly formed blood vessels insure the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tumor, helping its growth. The main factors that regulate angiogenesis are the five members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and has been the target of new therapies this past few years. However, angiogenesis is a complex phenomenon with many redundancy pathways that ensure its maintenance. In this review, we will first describe the consecutive steps forming angiogenesis, as well as its classical regulators. We will then discuss how the cytokines and chemokines present in the tumor microenvironment can induce or block angiogenesis. Finally, we will focus on the therapeutic arsenal targeting angiogenesis in cancer and the challenges they have to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannon GEINDREAU
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- CRI INSERM UMR1231 ‘Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer’ Team CAdiR, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie BRUCHARD
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- CRI INSERM UMR1231 ‘Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer’ Team CAdiR, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, UNICANCER, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC Labex, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique VEGRAN
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- CRI INSERM UMR1231 ‘Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer’ Team CAdiR, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, UNICANCER, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC Labex, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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Warfield BM, Reigan P. Multifunctional role of thymidine phosphorylase in cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:482-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Warfield BM, Matheson CJ, McArthur DG, Backos DS, Reigan P. Evaluation of Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitors in Glioblastoma and Their Capacity for Temozolomide Potentiation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3477-3486. [PMID: 34472849 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown high levels of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) expression in glioblastoma (GBM), with trace or undetectable TP levels in normal developed brain tissue. TP catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of thymidine to thymine and 2-deoxyribose-1-phosphate, maintaining nucleoside homeostasis for efficient DNA replication and cell division. The TP-mediated catabolism of thymidine is responsible for multiple protumor processes and can support angiogenesis, glycation of proteins, and alternative metabolism. In this study, we examined the effect of TP inhibition in GBM using the known nanomolar TP inhibitors 5-chloro-6-[1-(2'-iminopyrrolidin-1'-yl)methyl]uracil (TPI) and the analogous 6-[(2'-aminoimidazol-1'-yl)methyl]uracils. Although these TP inhibitors did not demonstrate any appreciable cytotoxicity in GBM cell lines as single agents, they did enhance the cytotoxicity of temozolomide (TMZ). This pontetiated action of TMZ by TP inhibition may be due to limiting the availability of thymine for DNA repair and replication. These studies support that TP inhibitors could be used as chemosensitizing agents in GBM to improve the efficacy of TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becka M. Warfield
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Debbie G. McArthur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Donald S. Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Abstract
Apocynin is a naturally occurring acetophenone, found in the roots of Apocynum cannabinum and Picrorhiza kurroa. Various chemical and pharmaceutical modifications have been carried out to enhance the absorption and duration of action of apocynin, like, formulation of chitosan-based apocynin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, chitosan-oligosaccharide based nanoparticles, and biodegradable polyanhydride nanoparticles. Apocynin has been subjected to a wide range of experimental screening and has proved to be useful for amelioration of a variety of disorders, like diabetic complications, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, lung cancer, hepatocellular cancer, pancreatic cancer, and pheochromocytoma. Apocynin has been primarily reported as an NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor and prevents translocation of its p47phox subunit to the plasma membrane, observed in neurodegeneration and hypertension. However, recent studies highlight its off-target effects that it is able to function as a scavenger of non-radical oxidant species, which is relevant for its activity against NOX 4 mediated production of hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, apocynin has shown inhibition of eNOS-dependent superoxide production in diabetic cardiomyopathy, reduction of NLRP3 activation and TGFβ/Smad signaling in diabetic nephropathy, diminished VEGF expression and decreased retinal NF-κB activation in diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of P38/MAPK/Caspase3 pathway in pheochromocytoma, inhibition of AKT-GSK3β and ERK1/2 pathways in pancreatic cancer, and decreased FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling in hepatocellular cancer. This review aims to discuss the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of the pharmacological actions of apocynin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya R Savla
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Tarar A, Alyami EM, Peng CA. Mesenchymal stem cells anchored with thymidine phosphorylase for doxifluridine-mediated cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1394-1403. [PMID: 35424143 PMCID: PMC8693507 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10263f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tumors express thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) with various levels, however due to tumor heterogeneity, the amount of TYMP is usually not enough to convert prodrug doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) to toxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Since human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have unique features of tumor-tropism and low immunogenicity, the purpose of this study is to use mesenchymal stem cells as carriers to deliver TYMP to cancer cells and then trigger their death by administrating doxifluridine. First, the TYMP gene sequence and core streptavidin (core SA) were constructed into pET-30a(+) plasmid. After bacterial transformation and colony screening, TYMP-SA fusion protein was expressed by IPTG induction and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blot with a clear band at 75 kDa. The characterized TYMP-SA was further anchored on the cell membrane of biotinylated hMSCs via biotin-streptavidin binding. hMSCs anchored with TYMP-SA were then co-cultured with adenocarcinoma A549 cells (with different ratios) and treated with 100 μM prodrug doxifluridine over the course of four days. Our results showed that a 2 : 1 ratio led to the eradication of A549 cells at the end of the experiment with less than 5% confluency, in comparison with the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 ratios which still had about 13% and 20% confluency respectively. In conclusion, harnessing hMSCs as cell carriers for the delivery of TYMP enzyme to cancer cells could lead to significant cell death post-treatment of the prodrug doxifluridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Tarar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho Engineering Physics Building 421, 875 Perimeter Drive Moscow ID 83844-0904 USA +1-208-885-7461
| | - Esmael M Alyami
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho Engineering Physics Building 421, 875 Perimeter Drive Moscow ID 83844-0904 USA +1-208-885-7461
| | - Ching-An Peng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho Engineering Physics Building 421, 875 Perimeter Drive Moscow ID 83844-0904 USA +1-208-885-7461
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9
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Golovina TG, Konstantinova AF, Timofeev VI. Features of Optical Activity in Inorganic and Organic Materials. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774520050077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Li S, Yang H, Li K, Fan G, Deng L, Xu C. Thymidine phosphorylase promotes angiogenesis and tumour growth in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:743-752. [PMID: 32476180 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer, and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a regulator of angiogenesis. To investigate the biological activities of TP in ICC, we established human cholangiocarcinoma RBE cell lines overexpressing TP or silencing TP. Overexpression of TP enhanced viability, suppressed apoptosis and increased tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, while downregulation of TP reversed these effects. Moreover, an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of ICC was built to further explore TP's function in ICC in vivo. Histological analysis using H&E, TUNEL and Ki67 staining showed that TP promoted tumour growth and inhibited cell apoptosis. Immunostaining for CD31 revealed an elevation in microvessel density in the presence of TP. Besides, upregulation of TP increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha. In contrast, TP knockdown inhibited tumour growth, suppressed microvessel formation and decreased the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins. Therefore, we suggest that TP promotes angiogenesis and tumour growth in ICC, which can be a potent therapeutic target for ICC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiling Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Shahzad SA, Sarfraz A, Yar M, Khan ZA, Naqvi SAR, Naz S, Khan NA, Farooq U, Batool R, Ali M. Synthesis, evaluation of thymidine phosphorylase and angiogenic inhibitory potential of ciprofloxacin analogues: Repositioning of ciprofloxacin from antibiotic to future anticancer drugs. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103876. [PMID: 32388426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in various human tumors compared to normal healthy tissue is associated with progression of cancer and proliferation. The 2-deoxy-d-ribose is the final product of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) catalyzed reaction. Both TP and 2-deoxy-d-ribose are known to promote unwanted angiogenesis in cancerous cells. Discovery of potent inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) can offer appropriate approach in cancer treatment. A series of ciprofloxacin 2, 3a-3c, 4a-4d, 5a-5b, 6 and 7 has been synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques. Afterwards, inhibitory potential of synthesized ciprofloxacin 2, 3a-3c, 4a-4d, 5a-5b, 6 and 7 against thymidine phosphorylase enzyme was assessed. Out of these twelve analogs of ciprofloxacin nine analogues 3a-3c, 4a-4c, 5a-5b and 6 showed good inhibitory activity against thymidine phosphorylase. Inhibitory activity as presented by their IC50 values was found in the range of 39.71 ± 1.13 to 161.89 ± 0.95 μM. The 7-deazaxanthine was used as a standard inhibitor with IC50 = 37.82 ± 0.93 μM. Furthermore, the chick chorionic allantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to investigate anti-angiogenic activity of the most active ciprofloxacin-based inhibitor 3b. To enlighten the important binding interactions of ciprofloxacin derivatives with target enzyme, the structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies of chosen ciprofloxacin analogues was discussed. Docking studies revealed key π-π stacking, π-cation and hydrogen bonding interactions of ciprofloxacin analogues with active site residues of thymidine phosphorylase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Sarfraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Naz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Nazeer Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Razia Batool
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman
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12
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Shahzad SA, Yar M, Khan ZA, Shahzadi L, Naqvi SAR, Mahmood A, Ullah S, Shaikh AJ, Sherazi TA, Bale AT, Kukułowicz J, Bajda M. Identification of 1,2,4-triazoles as new thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors: Future anti-tumor drugs. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:209-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Almandil NB, Taha M, Farooq RK, Alhibshi A, Ibrahim M, Anouar EH, Gollapalli M, Rahim F, Nawaz M, Shah SAA, Ahmed QU, Zakaria ZA. Synthesis of Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor Based on Quinoxaline Derivatives and Their Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061002. [PMID: 30871147 PMCID: PMC6471342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized quinoxaline analogs (1⁻25), characterized by ¹H-NMR and HREI-MS and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibition. Among the series, nineteen analogs showed better inhibition when compared with the standard inhibitor 7-Deazaxanthine (IC50 = 38.68 ± 4.42 µM). The most potent compound among the series is analog 25 with IC50 value 3.20 ± 0.10 µM. Sixteen analogs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 and 24 showed outstanding inhibition which is many folds better than the standard 7-Deazaxanthine. Two analogs 8 and 9 showed moderate inhibition. A structure-activity relationship has been established mainly based upon the substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. The binding interactions of the active compounds were confirmed through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharij 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Gollapalli
- College of Computer Science & Information Technology (CCSIT) Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan Pahang DM, Malaysia.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Halal Institute Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhang Q, Qin Y, Zhao J, Tang Y, Hu X, Zhong W, Li M, Zong S, Li M, Tao H, Zhang Z, Chen S, Liu H, Yang L, Zhou H, Liu Y, Sun T, Yang C. Thymidine phosphorylase promotes malignant progression in hepatocellular carcinoma through pentose Warburg effect. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:43. [PMID: 30674871 PMCID: PMC6426839 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is dependent on metabolic reprogramming. Metastasis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are typical characteristics of tumor progression. The relationship among metastasis, VM, and metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. In this study, we identified the novel role of Twist1, a VM regulator, in the transcriptional regulation of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) expression. TP promoted the extracellular metabolism of thymidine into ATP and amino acids through the pentose Warburg effect by coupling the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis. Moreover, Twist1 relied on TP-induced metabolic reprogramming to promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and VM formation mediated by VE–Cad, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 in vitro and in vivo. The TP inhibitor tipiracil reduced the effect of TP on promoting HCC VM formation and metastasis. Hence, TP, when transcriptionally activated by Twist1, promotes HCC VM formation and metastasis through the pentose Warburg effect and contributes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mimi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Sidorov-Biryukov DD, Podshivalov DD, Timofeev VI, Zhukhlistova NE, Kuranova IP. Molecular Dynamics Study of Thymidine Phosphorylase from E. coli in the Apo Form and in Complexes with Substrates. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774518060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Sawdon AJ, Zhang J, Wang X, Peng CA. Enhanced Anticancer Activity of 5'-DFUR-PCL-MPEG Polymeric Prodrug Micelles Encapsulating Chemotherapeutic Drugs. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121041. [PMID: 30551585 PMCID: PMC6315712 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The compound 5’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5’-DFUR) is a prodrug of the anti-tumor drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is an enzyme that can convert 5’-DFUR to its active form 5-FU and the expression of TP is upregulated in various cancer cells. In this study, 5’-DFUR associated with amphiphilic copolymer poly(ε-caprolactone)-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (5’-DFUR-PCL-MPEG) was synthesized, characterized, and self-assembled into functional polymeric micelles. To demonstrate that the prodrug 5’-DFUR could convert into cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by endogenous TP, HT-29 colorectal cancer cells were treated with 5’-DFUR-PCL-MPEG polymeric micelles for various time periods. Chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) were also encapsulated separately into 5’-DFUR-PCL-MPEG polymeric micelles to create a dual drug-loaded system. HT-29 cells were treated with DOX or SN-38 encapsulated 5’-DFUR-PCL-MPEG polymeric micelles to examine the efficacy of dual drug-loaded micelles. As a result, HT-29 cells treated with 5’-DFUR-PCL-MPEG polymeric micelles showed up to 40% cell death rate after a 72-h treatment. In contrast, HT-29 cells challenged with DOX or SN-38 encapsulated 5’-DFUR-incorporated polymeric micelles showed 36% and 31% in cell viability after a 72-h treatment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Sawdon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Xutu Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Ching-An Peng
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
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17
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Bajaj S, Roy PP, Singh J. Synthesis, thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory and computational study of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:151-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Uddin I, Taha M, Rahim F, Wadood A. Synthesis and molecular docking study of piperazine derivatives as potent inhibitor of thymidine phosphorylase. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:324-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Iftikhar F, Yaqoob F, Tabassum N, Jan MS, Sadiq A, Tahir S, Batool T, Niaz B, Ansari FL, Choudhary MI, Rashid U. Design, synthesis, in-vitro thymidine phosphorylase inhibition, in-vivo antiangiogenic and in-silico studies of C-6 substituted dihydropyrimidines. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:99-111. [PMID: 29894893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is an angiogenic enzyme. It plays an important role in angiogenesis, tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. In current research work, we study the effect of structural modification of dihydropyrimidine-2-ones (DHPM-2-ones) on TP inhibition. A series of eighteen new derivatives of 3,4-dihydropyrimidone-2-one were designed and synthesized through the structural modification at C-6 position. All these new derivatives were then assessed for in-vitro inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) from E. coli. Oxadiazole derivatives 4a-e exhibited excellent TP-inhibition at low micromolar concentration levels better than standard drug 7-deazaxanthine (7-DX). Among all these compounds, 4b was found to be the most potent with IC50 = 1.09 ± 0.004 μM. Anti-angiogenesis potential of representative compounds were also studied in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Here again, compound 4b was found to be the potent anti-angiogenesis compound in a CAM assay. Docking studies were also performed with Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) to further analyse the mode of inhibition of these compounds. Binding mode analysis of the most active inhibitors showed that these are well accommodated into the binding site of enzyme though stable hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Nida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacology, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 463000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), Pakistan
| | - Saba Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Batool
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Basit Niaz
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan.
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20
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Javid MT, Rahim F, Taha M, Nawaz M, Wadood A, Ali M, Mosaddik A, Shah SAA, Farooq RK. Synthesis, SAR elucidations and molecular docking study of newly designed isatin based oxadiazole analogs as potent inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:323-333. [PMID: 29803079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvage pathway that is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and gliostatin. It is enormously up regulated in a variety of solid tumors. Furthermore, surpassing of TP level protects tumor cells from apoptosis and helps cell survival. Thus TP is identified as a prime target for developing novel anticancer therapies. A new class of exceptionally potent isatin based oxadiazole (1-30) has been synthesized and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential. All analogs showed potent thymidine phosphorylase inhibition when compared with standard 7-Deazaxanthine, 7DX (IC50 = 38.68 ± 1.12 µM). Molecular docking study was performed in order to determine the binding interaction of these newly synthesized compounds, which revealed that these synthesized compounds established stronger hydrogen bonding network with active site of residues as compare to the standard compound 7DX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Javid
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohsan Nawaz
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Tecknologi MARA Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Tabata S, Yamamoto M, Goto H, Hirayama A, Ohishi M, Kuramoto T, Mitsuhashi A, Ikeda R, Haraguchi M, Kawahara K, Shinsato Y, Minami K, Saijo A, Toyoda Y, Hanibuchi M, Nishioka Y, Sone S, Esumi H, Tomita M, Soga T, Furukawa T, Akiyama SI. Thymidine catabolism promotes NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling in KB and yumoto cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6760. [PMID: 29713062 PMCID: PMC5928239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the thymidine catabolic pathway. TP is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor and contributes to tumour angiogenesis. TP induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhances the expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes, such as interleukin (IL)-8. However, the mechanism underlying ROS induction by TP remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that TP promotes NADPH oxidase-derived ROS signalling in cancer cells. NADPH oxidase inhibition using apocynin or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) abrogated the induction of IL-8 and ROS in TP-expressing cancer cells. Meanwhile, thymidine catabolism induced by TP increased the levels of NADPH and intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Both siRNA knockdown of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme in PPP, and a G6PD inhibitor, dihydroepiandrosterone, reduced TP-induced ROS production. siRNA downregulation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate (DR5P) aldolase, which is needed for DR5P to enter glycolysis, also suppressed the induction of NADPH and IL-8 in TP-expressing cells. These results suggested that TP-mediated thymidine catabolism increases the intracellular NADPH level via the PPP, which enhances the production of ROS by NADPH oxidase and activates its downstream signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Maki Ohishi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuramoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Misako Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Atsuro Saijo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuko Toyoda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saburo Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Esumi
- Clinical Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Akiyama
- Clinical Research Center, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
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22
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Furukawa T, Tabata S, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Shinsato Y, Minami K, Shimokawa M, Akiyama SI. Thymidine phosphorylase in cancer aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Pharmacol Res 2018; 132:15-20. [PMID: 29604437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a rate-limiting enzyme in thymidine catabolism. TP has several important roles in biological and pharmacological mechanisms; importantly TP acts as an angiogenic factor and one of metabolic enzymes of fluoro-pyrimidine anticancer agents and modifies inflammation. Improving our understanding of the characteristics and functions of TP has led to the development of novel TP-based anticancer therapies. We recently reported that TP-dependent thymidine catabolism contributes to tumour survival in low nutrient conditions and the pathway from thymidine to the glycolysis cascade is affected in the context of physiological and metabolic conditions. In this review, we describe recent advancement in our understanding of TP, with a focus on cancer cell biology and the pharmacology of pyrimidine analogue anticancer agents. This review provides comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of TP function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Michiko Shimokawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Akiyama
- Clinical Research Center, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame Minami-ku, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
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23
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Tabata S, Yamamoto M, Goto H, Hirayama A, Ohishi M, Kuramoto T, Mitsuhashi A, Ikeda R, Haraguchi M, Kawahara K, Shinsato Y, Minami K, Saijo A, Hanibuchi M, Nishioka Y, Sone S, Esumi H, Tomita M, Soga T, Furukawa T, Akiyama SI. Thymidine Catabolism as a Metabolic Strategy for Cancer Survival. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1313-1321. [PMID: 28514652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), a rate-limiting enzyme in thymidine catabolism, plays a pivotal role in tumor progression; however, the mechanisms underlying this role are not fully understood. Here, we found that TP-mediated thymidine catabolism could supply the carbon source in the glycolytic pathway and thus contribute to cell survival under conditions of nutrient deprivation. In TP-expressing cells, thymidine was converted to metabolites, including glucose 6-phosphate, lactate, 5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, and serine, via the glycolytic pathway both in vitro and in vivo. These thymidine-derived metabolites were required for the survival of cells under low-glucose conditions. Furthermore, activation of thymidine catabolism was observed in human gastric cancer. These findings demonstrate that thymidine can serve as a glycolytic pathway substrate in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Maki Ohishi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuramoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Misako Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Atsuro Saijo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saburo Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Esumi
- Clinical Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Akiyama
- Clinical Research Center, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame Minami-ku, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan.
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Ricciuti B, Foglietta J, Bianconi V, Sahebkar A, Pirro M. Enzymes involved in tumor-driven angiogenesis: A valuable target for anticancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 56:87-99. [PMID: 29128510 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and is required for tissue invasion and metastasis. Starting with Folkman's initial observations in 1971, basic research continued to shed new molecular insight into this multifaceted process, leading to the development of several anti-angiogenic drugs. To date, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab and ramucirumab, and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib, sunitinib, regorafenib and axitinib) have had a profound impact on the way we treat patients with advanced cancer, providing in some cases unprecedented clinical benefit. The molecular mechanisms underlying tumor-driven angiogenesis have been explored extensively and have unveiled a number of potential clinically relevant targets, including several novel enzymes. In this review, we summarized the current strategies to target tumor-driven angiogenesis through the inhibition of relevant and selected classes of enzymes involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Ricciuti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jennifer Foglietta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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25
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Qing S, Tulake W, Ru M, Li X, Yuemaier R, Lidifu D, Rouzibilali A, Hasimu A, Yang Y, Rouziahong R, Upur H, Abudula A. Proteomic identification of potential biomarkers for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus infection. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697547. [PMID: 28443473 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the main etiological factor in cervical carcinogenesis. However, human papillomavirus screening is not sufficient for early diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers common to cervical carcinoma and human papillomavirus infection by proteomics for human papillomavirus-based early diagnosis and prognosis. To this end, we collected 76 cases of fresh cervical tissues and 116 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue slices, diagnosed as cervical squamous cell carcinoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II-III, or normal cervix from ethnic Uighur and Han women. Human papillomavirus infection by eight oncogenic human papillomavirus types was detected in tissue DNA samples using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein profile of cervical specimens from human papillomavirus 16-positive squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus-negative normal controls was analyzed by proteomics and bioinformatics. The expression of candidate proteins was further determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We identified 67 proteins that were differentially expressed in human papillomavirus 16-positive squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal cervix. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the upregulation of ASAH1, PCBP2, DDX5, MCM5, TAGLN2, hnRNPA1, ENO1, TYPH, CYC, and MCM4 in squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal cervix ( p < 0.05). In addition, the transcription of PCBP2, MCM5, hnRNPA1, TYPH, and CYC was also significantly increased in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II-III compared to normal cervix. Immunohistochemistry staining further confirmed the overexpression of PCBP2, hnRNPA1, ASAH1, and DDX5 in squamous cell carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II-III compared to normal controls ( p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the expression of ASAH1, PCBP2, DDX5, and hnRNPA1, and possibly MCM4, MCM5, CYC, ENO1, and TYPH, is upregulated during cervical carcinogenesis and potentially associated with human papillomavirus infection. Further validation studies of the profile will contribute to establishing auxiliary diagnostic markers for human papillomavirus-based cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qing
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wuniqiemu Tulake
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Ru
- 3 Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- 4 Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Reziwanguli Yuemaier
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Dilare Lidifu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Aierken Rouzibilali
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Axiangu Hasimu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Reziya Rouziahong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Halmurat Upur
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Abulizi Abudula
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
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26
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Javaid S, Ishtiaq M, Shaikh M, Hameed A, Choudhary MI. Thymidine esters as substrate analogue inhibitors of angiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase in vitro. Bioorg Chem 2016; 70:44-56. [PMID: 27955923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) catalyzes the cleavage of thymidine into thymine and 2-deoxy-α-d-ribose-1-phosphate. Elevated activity of TP prevents apoptosis, and induces angiogenesis which ultimately leads to tumor growth and metastasis. Critical role of TP in cancer progression makes it a valid target in anti-cancer research. Discovery of small molecules as TP inhibitors is vigorously pursued in cancer therapy. In the present study, we functionalized thymidine as benzoyl ester to synthesize compounds 3-16. In vitro evaluation of thymidine esters for their thymidine phosphorylase inhibition activity was subsequently carried out. Compounds 4, 10, 14, and 15 showed good activities with lower IC50 values than the standard, 7-deazaxanthine (IC50=41.0±1.63μM). Among them, compound 14 showed five folds higher activity (IC50=7.5±0.8μM), while 4 (IC50=18.5±1.0μM) and 10 (IC50=18.8±1.2μM) showed two folds higher activity than the standard. Compound 15 showed slightly better activity (IC50=33.3±1.5μM) to the standard. Potent compounds were further subjected to kinetic and molecular docking studies to identify their mode of inhibition, and to study their interactions with the protein at atomic level, respectively. All active compounds were non-cytotoxic to mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line. These results identify thymidine esters as substrate analogue (substrate-like) inhibitors of angiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Javaid
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Ishtiaq
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muniza Shaikh
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Malaisse J, Pendaries V, Hontoir F, De Glas V, Van Vlaender D, Simon M, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y, Flamion B. Hyaluronan Does Not Regulate Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:6347-58. [PMID: 26627828 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is synthesized by three HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) and secreted in the extracellular matrix. In human skin, large amounts of HA are found in the dermis. HA is also synthesized by keratinocytes in the epidermis, although its epidermal functions are not clearly identified yet. To investigate HA functions, we studied the effects of HA depletion on human keratinocyte physiology within in vitro reconstructed human epidermis. Inhibition of HA synthesis with 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) did not modify the expression profile of the epidermal differentiation markers involucrin, keratin 10, and filaggrin during tissue reconstruction. In contrast, when keratinocytes were incubated with 4MU, cell proliferation was decreased. In an attempt to rescue the proliferation function, HA samples of various mean molecular masses were added to keratinocyte cultures treated with 4MU. These samples were unable to rescue the initial proliferation rate. Furthermore, treatments with HA-specific hyaluronidase, although removing almost all HA from keratinocyte cultures, did not alter the differentiation or proliferation processes. The differences between 4MU and hyaluronidase effects did not result from differences in intracellular HA, sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentration, apoptosis, or levels of HA receptors, all of which remained unchanged. Similarly, knockdown of UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH) using lentiviral shRNA effectively decreased HA production but did not affect proliferation rate. Overall, these data suggest that HA levels in the human epidermis are not directly correlated with keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and that incubation of cells with 4MU cannot equate with HA removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Malaisse
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie Pendaries
- the UMR5165/U1056, CNRS-INSERM, University of Toulouse, UDEAR, 31013 Toulouse CEDEX 6, France, and
| | - Fanny Hontoir
- the URVI, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie De Glas
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Simon
- the UMR5165/U1056, CNRS-INSERM, University of Toulouse, UDEAR, 31013 Toulouse CEDEX 6, France, and
| | | | - Yves Poumay
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Bruno Flamion
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium,
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28
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Rampazzo C, Tozzi MG, Dumontet C, Jordheim LP. The druggability of intracellular nucleotide-degrading enzymes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:883-93. [PMID: 26614508 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide metabolism is the target of a large number of anticancer drugs including antimetabolites and specific enzyme inhibitors. We review scientific findings that over the last 10-15 years have allowed the identification of several intracellular nucleotide-degrading enzymes as cancer drug targets, and discuss further potential therapeutic applications for Rcl, SAMHD1, MTH1 and cN-II. We believe that enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism represent potent alternatives to conventional cancer chemotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France. .,Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France. .,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France. .,Equipe Anticorps-Anticancer, INSERM U1052 - CNRS UMR 5286, Faculté Rockefeller, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
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29
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Peters GJ. Therapeutic potential of TAS-102 in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2015; 7:340-56. [PMID: 26557901 PMCID: PMC4622302 DOI: 10.1177/1758834015603313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoropyrimidines form the mainstay in treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. For decades 5-fluorouracil (5FU), was the major fluoropyrimidine. Currently it is usually given in a combination with leucovorin and oxaliplatin, i.e. FOLFOX, or irinotecan, i.e. FOLFIRI, or all three, i.e. FOLFIRINOX, but gradually it has been replaced by oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug formulations, such as tegafur-uracil and S-1 (both contain ftorafur), and capecitabine (Xeloda®). Novel drugs such as the antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody, bevacizumab, and the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, cetuximab, are often combined with one of these treatment options. However, when resistance emerged, no alternatives were available. TAS-102, a combination of trifluorothymidine and the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor TPI in a 1:0.5 ratio, is a novel oral formulation, which is active in 5FU-resistant models, both in vitro and in xenograft models. In addition to inhibition of thymidylate synthase, the major mechanism of action of classical fluoropyrimidines, TAS-102's major mechanism of action is incorporation into DNA, thereby causing DNA damage. TAS-102 also follows an alternative activation pathway via thymidine kinase, and is not a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. All together this explains the efficacy in 5FU-resistant models. In early clinical studies, the twice-daily schedule (5 days on, 2 days rest) for 2 weeks every 4 weeks, led to a significant disease control rate in various malignancies. This schedule showed consistent activity in two randomized trials on fluoropyrimidine refractory colorectal cancer patients, reflected by an increase of 2-3 months in overall survival in the TAS-102 group compared with placebo. Considering the impressive preclinical potential of various combinations TAS-102 has the promise to become an alternative for 5FU-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Tabata S, Ikeda R, Yamamoto M, Shimaoka S, Mukaida N, Takeda Y, Yamada K, Soga T, Furukawa T, Akiyama SI. Thymidine phosphorylase activates NFκB and stimulates the expression of angiogenic and metastatic factors in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10473-85. [PMID: 25350954 PMCID: PMC4279387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) promotes angiogenesis and metastasis, and confers resistance to anticancer agents in some cancer cell types. We previously reported that TP stimulates the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in human KB cancer cells by an unknown mechanism. A mutation in the nuclear factor (NF)κB binding site of the IL-8 promoter suppressed promoter activity in KB/TP cells that overexpress TP. Specifically inhibiting NFκB by using BY11-7082 also suppressed TP-induced IL-8 promoter activity and IL-8 expression. Moreover, TP overexpression led to the activation of NFκB and an upregulation in the expression of its target genes, and increased phosphorylated IKKα/β protein levels, while promoting IκBα degradation as well as p65 phosphorylation and nuclear localization. The activation of NFκB in KB/TP cells was suppressed by the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and EUK-8. In addition, in gastric cancer tissue samples, the expression of the NFκB-regulated genes, including IL-8, IL-6, and fibronectin-1 was positively correlated with TP expression. These findings indicate that reactive oxygen species mediated NFκB activation by TP increases the expression of genes that promote angiogenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shunji Shimaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanpuh Hospital, Kagoshima 892-0854, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Akiyama
- Clinical Research Center, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Notame Minami-ku, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
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31
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Harada S, Yanagisawa M, Kaneko S, Yorozu K, Yamamoto K, Moriya Y, Harada N. Superior antitumor activity of trastuzumab combined with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive human gastric cancer xenograft model. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:987-994. [PMID: 26623038 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer, it has been reported that the combination of trastuzumab with capecitabine plus cisplatin, or with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus cisplatin, significantly increased overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (ToGA trial). In addition, adjuvant therapy with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) improved the survival of patients who received curative D2 gastrectomy (CLASSIC trial). However, the efficacy of the combination of trastuzumab with XELOX for patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study, was to investigate the efficacy of the combination of trastuzumab with XELOX in a HER2-positive human gastric cancer xenograft model. Combination treatment with these three agents (trastuzumab 20 mg/kg, capecitabine 359 mg/kg and oxaliplatin 10 mg/kg), was found to exhibit a significantly stronger antitumor activity in NCI-N87 xenografts compared with either trastuzumab or XELOX alone. In this model, treatment with trastuzumab alone or trastuzumab plus oxaliplatin enhanced the expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), a key enzyme in the generation of 5-FU from capecitabine in tumor tissues. In in vitro experiments, trastuzumab induced TP mRNA expression in NCI-N87 cells. In addition, NCI-N87 cells co-cultured with the natural killer (NK) cell line CD16(158V)/NK-92 exhibited increased expression of TP mRNA. When NCI-N87 cells were cultured with CD16(158V)/NK-92 cells in the presence of trastuzumab, the mRNA expression of cytokines reported to have the ability to induce TP was upregulated in tumor cells. Furthermore, a medium conditioned by CD16(158V)/NK-92 cells also upregulated the expression of TP mRNA in NCI-N87 cells. These results suggest that trastuzumab promotes TP expression, either by acting directly on NCI-N87 cells, or indirectly via a mechanism that includes trastuzumab-mediated interactions between NK and NCI-N87 cells. Therefore, the combination of trastuzumab with XELOX may be a potent therapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Harada
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Mieko Yanagisawa
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Saori Kaneko
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Keigo Yorozu
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kaname Yamamoto
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Moriya
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
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32
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Li P, Wang X, Li J, Meng ZY, Li SC, Li ZJ, Lu YY, Ren H, Lou YQ, Lu C, Dou GF, Zhang GL. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the novel antitumor 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative (GLB) and its metabolites using HPLC-UV and UPLC-QTOF-MS. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11906. [PMID: 26148672 PMCID: PMC4493701 DOI: 10.1038/srep11906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-based 3-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole (GLB) is a novel antitumor agent and belongs to glycosylated spiro-heterocyclic oxadiazole scaffold derivative. This research first reported a simple, specific, sensitive and stable high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) method for the quantitative determination of GLB in plasma. In this method, the chromatographic separation was achieved with a reversed phase C18 column. The calibration curve for GLB was linear at 300 nm. The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. The precision, accuracy and stability of the method were validated adequately. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in rats for detection of GLB after oral administration. Moreover, the structures of parent compound GLB and its two major metabolites M1 and M2 were identified in plasma using an ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight- mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) method. Our results indicated that the di-hydroxylation (M1) and hydroxylation (M2) of GLB are the major metabolites. In conclusion, the present study provided valuable information on an analytical method for the determination of GLB and its metabolites in rats, can be used to support further developing of this antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory of Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yun Meng
- Laboratory of Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Shu-Chun Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
| | - Zhong-Jun Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
| | - Ying-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
| | - Ya-Qing Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
| | - Chuang Lu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals-Takeda, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gui-Fang Dou
- Laboratory of Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China
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How do changes in the mtDNA and mitochondrial dysfunction influence cancer and cancer therapy? Challenges, opportunities and models. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 764:16-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang L, Schmidl SR, Stülke J. Mycoplasma pneumoniae thymidine phosphorylase. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 33:296-304. [PMID: 24940683 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.853783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn) is a human pathogen causing acute respiratory diseases and accounts for approximately 30% cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Co-infection with Mycoplasmas compromises the efficacy of anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analog-based drugs due to the presence of Mycoplasma thymidine phosphorylase (TP). In this study, a TP-deficient strain of Mpn was generated in order to study the effect of Mpn TP in the metabolism of nucleoside analogs. Deficiency in TP activity led to increased uptake and incorporation of radiolabeled deoxyuridine and uracil but thymidine uptake was not affected. The activities of enzymes in the salvage of thymidine and deoxyuridine, e.g., thymidine kinase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase were upregulated in the TP-deficient mutant, which may explain the increased uptake of deoxyuridine and uracil. Thirty FDA-approved anticancer and antiviral nucleoside and nucleobase analogs were used to screen their inhibitory activity toward the TP mutant and the wild type strain. Seven analogs were found to inhibit strongly the growth of both wild type and TP mutant. Differences in the inhibitory effect of several purine analogs between the two strains were observed. Further study is needed in order to understand the mechanism of inhibition caused by these analogs. Our results indicated that TP is not an essential gene for Mpn survival and TP deficiency affects other enzymes in Mpn nucleotide metabolism, and suggested that Mycoplasma nucleotide biosynthesis pathway enzymes are potential targets for future development of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Wang
- a Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
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Li W, Gigante A, Perez-Perez MJ, Yue H, Hirano M, McIntyre TM, Silverstein RL. Thymidine phosphorylase participates in platelet signaling and promotes thrombosis. Circ Res 2014; 115:997-1006. [PMID: 25287063 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelets contain abundant thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), which is highly expressed in diseases with high risk of thrombosis, such as atherosclerosis and type II diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that TYMP participates in platelet signaling and promotes thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced carotid artery injury thrombosis model, we found time to blood flow cessation was significantly prolonged in Tymp(-/-) and Tymp(+/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Bone marrow transplantation and platelet transfusion studies demonstrated that platelet TYMP was responsible for the antithrombotic phenomenon in the TYMP-deficient mice. Collagen-, collagen-related peptide-, adenosine diphosphate-, or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation were significantly attenuated in Tymp(+/-) and Tymp(-/-) platelets, and in wild type or human platelets pretreated with TYMP inhibitor KIN59. Tymp deficiency also significantly decreased agonist-induced P-selectin expression. TYMP contains an N-terminal SH3 domain-binding proline-rich motif and forms a complex with the tyrosine kinases Lyn, Fyn, and Yes in platelets. TYMP-associated Lyn was inactive in resting platelets, and TYMP trapped and diminished active Lyn after collagen stimulation. Tymp/Lyn double haploinsufficiency diminished the antithrombotic phenotype of Tymp(+/-) mice. TYMP deletion or inhibition of TYMP with KIN59 dramatically increased platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 tyrosine phosphorylation and diminished collagen-related peptide- or collagen-induced AKT phosphorylation. In vivo administration of KIN59 significantly inhibited FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis without affecting hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS TYMP participates in multiple platelet signaling pathways and regulates platelet activation and thrombosis. Targeting TYMP might be a novel antiplatelet and antithrombosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Alba Gigante
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Maria-Jesus Perez-Perez
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Hong Yue
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Michio Hirano
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Roy L Silverstein
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
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Mapping and Identification of the Urine Proteome of Prostate Cancer Patients by 2D PAGE/MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2014; 2014:594761. [PMID: 25215235 PMCID: PMC4158146 DOI: 10.1155/2014/594761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Proteome analysis of the urine has shown that urine contains disease-specific information for a variety of urogenital system disorders, including prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to determine the protein components of urine from PCa patients. Urine from 8 patients with clinically and histologically confirmed PCa was analyzed by conventional 2D PAGE. The MS identification of the most prominent 125 spots from the urine map revealed 45 distinct proteins. According to Gene Ontology, the identified proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes, majority of them are secreted (71%), and half of them are enzymes or transporters. Comparison with the normal urine proteome revealed 11 proteins distinctive for PCa. Using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, we have found 3 proteins (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin, tumor protein D52, and thymidine phosphorylase) associated with cellular growth and proliferation (p = 8.35 × 10−4 − 3.41 × 10−2). The top network of functional associations between 11 proteins was Cell Death and Survival, Cell-To-Cell Signaling and Interaction, and System Development and Function (p = 10−30). In summary, we have created an initial proteomic map of PCa patient's urine. The results from this study provide some leads to understand the molecular bases of prostate cancer.
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Tertil M, Skrzypek K, Florczyk U, Weglarczyk K, Was H, Collet G, Guichard A, Gil T, Kuzdzal J, Jozkowicz A, Kieda C, Pichon C, Dulak J. Regulation and novel action of thymidine phosphorylase in non-small cell lung cancer: crosstalk with Nrf2 and HO-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97070. [PMID: 24819505 PMCID: PMC4018251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proangiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a promising target for anticancer therapy, yet its action in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is not fully understood. To elucidate its role in NSCLC tumor growth, NCI-H292 lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells and endothelial cells were engineered to overexpress TP by viral vector transduction. NSCLC cells with altered expression of transcription factor Nrf2 or its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were used to study the regulation of TP and the findings from pre-clinical models were related to gene expression data from clinical NSCLC specimens. Overexpression of Nrf2 or HO-1 resulted in upregulation of TP in NCI-H292 cells, an effect mimicked by treatment with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and partially reversed by HO-1 knockdown. Overexpression of TP attenuated cell proliferation and migration in vitro, but simultaneously enhanced angiogenic potential of cancer cells supplemented with thymidine. The latter was also observed for SK-MES-1 squamous cell carcinoma and NCI-H460 large cell carcinoma cells. TP-overexpressing NCI-H292 tumors in vivo exhibited better oxygenation and higher expression of IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6. TP overexpression in endothelial cells augmented their angiogenic properties which was associated with enhanced generation of HO-1 and VEGF. Correlation of TP with the expression of HO-1 and inflammatory cytokines was confirmed in clinical samples of NSCLC. Altogether, the increased expression of IL-1β and IL-6 together with proangiogenic effects of TP-expressing NSCLC on endothelium can contribute to tumor growth, implying TP as a target for antiangiogenesis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tertil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Skrzypek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Urszula Florczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Halina Was
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Guillaume Collet
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Alan Guichard
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Tomasz Gil
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kuzdzal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Boschetti E, D’Alessandro R, Bianco F, Carelli V, Cenacchi G, Pinna AD, Gaudio MD, Rinaldi R, Stanghellini V, Pironi L, Rhoden K, Tugnoli V, Casali C, De Giorgio R. Liver as a source for thymidine phosphorylase replacement in mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96692. [PMID: 24802030 PMCID: PMC4011889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease associated with mutations in the nuclear TYMP gene. As a result, the thymidine phosphorylase (TP) enzyme activity is markedly reduced leading to toxic accumulation of thymidine and therefore altered mitochondrial DNA. MNGIE is characterized by severe gastrointestinal dysmotility, neurological impairment, reduced life expectancy and poor quality of life. There are limited therapeutic options for MNGIE. In the attempt to restore TP activity, allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as cellular source of TP. The results of this approach on ∼20 MNGIE patients showed gastrointestinal and neurological improvement, although the 5-year mortality rate is about 70%. In this study we tested whether the liver may serve as an alternative source of TP. We investigated 11 patients (7M; 35–55 years) who underwent hepatic resection for focal disorders. Margins of normal liver tissue were processed to identify, quantify and localize the TP protein by Western Blot, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry, and to evaluate TYMP mRNA expression by qPCR. Western Blot identified TP in liver with a TP/GAPDH ratio of 0.9±0.5. ELISA estimated TP content as 0.5±0.07 ng/μg of total protein. TP was identified in both nuclei and cytoplasm of hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells. Finally, TYMP mRNA was expressed in the liver. Overall, our study demonstrates that the liver is an important source of TP. Orthotopic liver transplantation may be considered as a therapeutic alternative for MNGIE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boschetti
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio D. Pinna
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Gaudio
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Rinaldi
- Neurology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Loris Pironi
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kerry Rhoden
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Tugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Toyoda Y, Tabata S, Kishi J, Kuramoto T, Mitsuhashi A, Saijo A, Kawano H, Goto H, Aono Y, Hanibuchi M, Horikawa H, Nakajima T, Furukawa T, Sone S, Akiyama SI, Nishioka Y. Thymidine phosphorylase regulates the expression of CXCL10 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:560-8. [PMID: 24574215 DOI: 10.1002/art.38263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and other cytokines that have been reported to be major inflammation mediators in RA. We previously demonstrated that TP plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the role of TP in the pathogenesis of RA is similar to its role in tumors. METHODS In FLS obtained from 2 patients with RA, the expression of TP, interferon-γ (IFNγ)-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10), and other cytokines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Microarray analysis was performed using FLS transfected with TYMP complementary DNA and treated with a TP inhibitor. RESULTS The expression of TP in FLS was up-regulated by TNFα, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-17, IFNγ, and lipopolysaccharide. Microarray analysis of FLS overexpressing TP identified CXCL10 as a thymidine phosphorylase-related gene. The expression of CXCL10 was induced by TNFα, and this induction was suppressed by TYMP small interfering RNA and TP inhibitor. Furthermore, the combination of TNFα and IFNγ synergistically augmented the expression of TP and CXCL10. TP-induced CXCL10 expression was suppressed by the antioxidant EUK-8. In the synovial tissue of patients with RA, TP levels were significantly correlated with CXCL10 expression. CONCLUSION The combination of TNFα and IFNγ strongly induced the expression of thymidine phosphorylase in RA FLS. The induction of thymidine phosphorylase enhanced the expression of CXCL10, which may contribute to the Th1 phenotype and bone destruction observed in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Toyoda
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Deves C, Rostirolla DC, Martinelli LKB, Bizarro CV, Santos DS, Basso LA. The kinetic mechanism of Human Thymidine Phosphorylase - a molecular target for cancer drug development. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:592-604. [PMID: 24407036 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human Thymidine Phosphorylase (HTP), also known as the platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) or gliostatin, catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of thymidine (dThd) to thymine and 2-deoxy-α-d-ribose-1-phosphate (2dR1P). HTP is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway involved in dThd homeostasis in cells. HTP is a target for anticancer drug development as its enzymatic activity promotes angiogenesis. Here, we describe cloning, expression, and purification to homogeneity of recombinant TYMP-encoded HTP. Peptide fingerprinting and the molecular mass value of the homogenous protein confirmed its identity as HTP assessed by mass spectrometry. Size exclusion chromatography showed that HTP is a dimer in solution. Kinetic studies revealed that HTP displayed substrate inhibition for dThd. Initial velocity and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies suggest that HTP catalysis follows a rapid-equilibrium random bi-bi kinetic mechanism. ITC measurements also showed that dThd and Pi binding are favorable processes. The pH-rate profiles indicated that maximal enzyme activity was achieved at low pH values. Functional groups with apparent pK values of 5.2 and 9.0 are involved in dThd binding and groups with pK values of 6.1 and 7.8 are involved in phosphate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Deves
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 6681/92-A Av. Ipiranga, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Timofeev VI, Abramchik YA, Fateev IV, Zhukhlistova NE, Murav’eva TI, Kuranova IP, Esipov RS. Three-dimensional structure of thymidine phosphorylase from E. coli in complex with 3′-azido-2′-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyuridine. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774513060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guillem V, Hernández-Boluda JC, Gallardo D, Buño I, Bosch A, Martínez-Laperche C, de la Cámara R, Brunet S, Martin C, Nieto JB, Martínez C, Pérez A, Montoro J, Garcia-Noblejas A, Solano C. A polymorphism in the TYMP gene is associated with the outcome of HLA-identical sibling allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:883-9. [PMID: 23813863 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), an enzyme involved in nucleotide synthesis, has been implicated in critical biological processes such as DNA replication, protection against mutations, and tissue repair. In this work, we retrospectively evaluated the influence of a polymorphism in the TYMP gene (rs112723255; G/A) upon the outcome of 448 patients subjected to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) from an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor. The TYMP genotype of patients correlated with overall survival-carriers of the minor allele (A) being at an increased risk of dying after transplantation (hazard ratio, HR = 1.9; P = 0.004). This effect was mostly due to differences in transplant toxicity-related mortality (HR = 2.5; P = 0.029). In addition, the TYMP genotype of donors was associated with the risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-carriers of the minor allele being at an increased risk of developing this complication ([HR] = 1.7; P = 0.039). The impact of such polymorphism on the risk of chronic GVHD is limited to patients transplanted in early stage disease (HR = 2.2; P = 0.019). The combination of a donor harboring the minor allele with a patient homozygous for the major allele was associated with the highest risk of chronic GVHD (HR = 2.8; P = 0.008). These findings provide the first evidence of the significant impact of the TYMP genotype upon the clinical outcome of patients treated with HLA-identical sibling allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Guillem
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Comparative investigations on thermostable pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases from Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius and Thermus thermophilus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Molecular resistance fingerprint of pemetrexed and platinum in a long-term survivor of mesothelioma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40521. [PMID: 22905093 PMCID: PMC3414492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pemetrexed, a multi-folate inhibitor combined with a platinum compound is the first-line treatment of malignant mesothelioma, but median survival is still one year. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to pemetrexed is common, but its biological basis is obscure. Here we report for the first time a genome-wide profile of acquired resistance in the tumour from an exceptional case with advanced pleural mesothelioma and almost six years survival after 39 cycles of second-line pemetrexed/carboplatin treatment. Methodology and Principal Findings Genome-wide analysis with Illumina BeadChip Kit of 25,000 genes was performed on mRNA from pre-treatment and post-resistance biopsies from this individual as well on case and control samples from our previously published study (in total 17 samples). Cell specific expression of proteins encoded by selected genes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Serial serum levels of CA125, CYFRA21-1 and SMRP levels were examined. TS protein, the main target of pemetrexed was overexpressed. Proteins and genes related to DNA damage response, elongation and telomere extension and repair related directly and indirectly to platinum resistance were overexpressed, as the CHK1 protein and the genes CHEK2, LIG3, POLD1, POLA2, FANCD2, PRPF19, RECQ5 respectively, the last two not previously described in mesothelioma. We observed a down-regulation of leukocyte transendothelial migration and cell adhesion molecules pathways. Silencing of NT5C in two mesothelioma cell lines did not sensitize the cells to Pemetrexed. Proposed resistance markers are TS, KRT7/ CK7, TYMP/ thymidine phosphorylase and down-regulated SPARCL1 and CDKN1B. Moreover, comparison of the primary expression of the sensitive versus a primary resistant case showed multi-fold overexpressed DNA repair, cell cycle, cytokinesis, and spindle formation in the latter. Serum CA125 and SMRP reflected the clinical and radiological course and tumour burden. Conclusions Genome-wide microarray of mesothelioma pre- and post-resistance biopsies indicated a novel resistance signature to pemetrexed/carboplatin that deserve validation in a larger cohort.
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Phase II, Multicenter, Uncontrolled Trial of Single-agent Capecitabine in Patients With Non-clear Cell Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2012; 35:251-4. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e31820dbc17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang L, Huang X, Chen Y, Jin X, Li Q, Yi TN. Prognostic value of TP/PD-ECGF and thrombocytosis in gastric carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012; 38:568-73. [PMID: 22595739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (TP/PD-ECGF) is upregulated in several cancers and plays an important role in angiogenesis and invasion of solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the expression of TP/PD-ECGF in gastric carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features and thrombocytosis, and also determined their prognostic significance. METHODS Ninety-eight tissue specimens were resected from patients with gastric carcinoma. The immunohistochemical staining was used for expression of TP/PD-ECGF, platelet counts (PLT) of all patients before surgery were recorded. Patients were divided into high and low TP/PD-ECGF expression groups. Correlations among TP/PD-ECGF expression, PLT and the clinicopathological features of the patients and their prognostic values were studied statistically. RESULTS Sixty-one cases of high TP/PD-ECGF expression (62%) and 37 cases of low TP/PD-ECGF expression (38%) were detected. There were 21 patients with thrombocytosis (21%). The results show that high TP/PD-ECGF expression was correlated positively with thrombocytosis (P = 0.046, r = 0.20). The 5-year overall survival rate was 46.0% in patients with low TP/PD-ECGF expression, whereas it was only 14.8% in patients with high TP/PD-ECGF expression (P = 0.000). The 5-year survival rate for patients with and without thrombocytosis were 9.5% and 31.2%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between them (P = 0.0001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high TP/PD-ECGF expression and thrombocytosis would play a role as independent prognostic factors in patients with gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS High TP/PD-ECGF expression and thrombocytosis can be regarded as valuable tools for predicting overall survival in patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangfan University, No. 39, Jingzhou Street, Xiangyang 441021, China.
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Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Ramos Y, Gil J, Perera Y, Castellanos-Serra L, García Y, Betancourt L, Besada V, González LJ, Fernández-de-Cossio J, Sanchez A, Serrano JM, Farina H, Alonso DF, Acevedo BE, Padrón G, Musacchio A, Perea SE. Proteomic profile regulated by the anticancer peptide CIGB-300 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5473-83. [PMID: 20804217 DOI: 10.1021/pr100728v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CIGB-300 is a proapoptotic peptide-based drug that abrogates the CK2-mediated phosphorylation. This peptide has antineoplastic effect on lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. To understand the mechanisms involved on such anticancer activity, the NCI-H125 cell line proteomic profile after short-term incubation (45 min) with CIGB-300 was investigated. As determined by 2-DE or 2D-LC-MS/MS, 137 proteins changed their abundances more than 2-fold in response to the CIGB-300 treatment. The expression levels of proteins related to ribosome biogenesis, metastasis, cell survival and proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance were significantly modulated by the presence of CIGB-300. The protein translation process was the most affected (23% of the identified proteins). From the proteome analysis of the NCI-H125 cell line, novel potentialities for CIGB-300 as anticancer agent were evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
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Grunda JM, Fiveash J, Palmer CA, Cantor A, Fathallah-Shaykh HM, Nabors LB, Johnson MR. Rationally designed pharmacogenomic treatment using concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy for glioblastoma; gene expression profiles associated with outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2890-8. [PMID: 20460474 PMCID: PMC2871063 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous preclinical studies suggested that concurrent capecitabine and radiation could be an effective new treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM). In the current study, we investigate toxicity and response to this regimen and explore associations between gene expression and patient outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eighteen newly diagnosed GBM patients received concurrent capecitabine at 625 mg/m2 BID (25% escalation) and irradiation (60 Gy total) for 6 weeks followed by 4 weeks of capecitabine only. Maintenance capecitabine was administered for 14 days every 3 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Expression analysis of 94 genes involved in capecitabine metabolism and radiation response was done on tissues obtained before therapy. The relationship of gene expression with time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) was investigated using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, semi-supervised principle component analysis, and class prediction modeling. RESULTS The maximum tolerated dose of capecitabine was 625 mg/m2 BID. Median patient TTP and OS were 247 and 367 days, respectively. Cox regression identified 24 genes significantly (P<0.025) associated with patient outcome. Semi-supervised principle component analysis identified two patient populations significantly different in both TTP (P=0.005) and OS (P=0.015). Class prediction modeling determined that eight genes (RAD54B, MTOR, DCTD, APEX2, TK1, RRM2, SLC29A1, and ERCC6) could collectively classify patients into outcome subgroups with 100% accuracy and precision. CONCLUSIONS Capecitabine and concurrent radiation for newly diagnosed GBM seems to be well tolerated and comparable to temozolomide and radiation. A gene expression profile predictive of patient outcome that may be useful in patient stratification for therapy was also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Grunda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Thanasai J, Limpaiboon T, Jearanaikoon P, Sripa B, Pairojkul C, Tantimavanich S, Miwa M. Effects of thymidine phosphorylase on tumor aggressiveness and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1631-8. [PMID: 20355241 PMCID: PMC2848371 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i13.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the role of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in cholangiocarcinoma using small interfering RNA (siRNA).
METHODS: A human cholangiocarcinoma-derived cell line KKU-M139, which has a naturally high level of endogenous TP, had TP expression transiently knocked down using siRNA. Cell growth, migration, in vitro angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were assayed in TP knockdown and wild-type cell lines.
RESULTS: TP mRNA and protein expression were decreased by 87.1% ± 0.49% and 72.5% ± 3.2%, respectively, compared with control cells. Inhibition of TP significantly decreased migration of KKU-M139, and suppressed migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. siRNA also reduced the ability of TP to resist hypoxia-induced apoptosis, while suppression of TP reduced the sensitivity of KKU-M139 to 5-fluorouracil.
CONCLUSION: Inhibition of TP may be beneficial in decreasing angiogenesis-dependent growth and migration of cholangiocarcinoma but may diminish the response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy.
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Chen CC, Chen LC, Liang Y, Tsang NM, Chang YS. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces the chemotherapeutic target, thymidine phosphorylase, via NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK pathways. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1132-42. [PMID: 20214978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High thymidine phosphorylase (TP) expression is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-associated cancer in which the EBV-encoded oncogene product, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), is expressed in approximately 60% of tumor tissues. However, no previous study has examined whether LMP1 is involved in up-regulating TP expression in NPC tissues. We herein show that LMP1 expression is correlated with TP expression in tumor cells, as examined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. We further show that the CTAR1 and CTAR2 domains of LMP1 mediate TP induction, as demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses using LMP1 deletion and site-specific mutants. Mechanistically, LMP1-mediated TP induction is abolished by inhibitors of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK, dominant-negative IkappaB and p38, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of p38 MAPK. Clinically, there were significant correlations among the expression levels of TP, activated p65, and phospho-p38 MAPK in NPC biopsy samples. Functionally, LMP1-mediated induction of TP expression enhanced the sensitivity of NPC cells to the chemotherapeutic prodrug, 5'-DFUR. Our results provide new insights into the roles of LMP1-mediated NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in TP induction, potentially suggesting new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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