1
|
Xiang S, Jia T, Xie C, Cheng W, Chaarani B, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland PA, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Vaidya N, Walter H, Whelan R, Garavan H, Schumann G, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Feng J. Association between vmPFC gray matter volume and smoking initiation in adolescents. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4684. [PMID: 37582920 PMCID: PMC10427673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking of cigarettes among young adolescents is a pressing public health issue. However, the neural mechanisms underlying smoking initiation and sustenance during adolescence, especially the potential causal interactions between altered brain development and smoking behaviour, remain elusive. Here, using large longitudinal adolescence imaging genetic cohorts, we identify associations between left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) gray matter volume (GMV) and subsequent self-reported smoking initiation, and between right vmPFC GMV and the maintenance of smoking behaviour. Rule-breaking behaviour mediates the association between smaller left vmPFC GMV and smoking behaviour based on longitudinal cross-lagged analysis and Mendelian randomisation. In contrast, smoking behaviour associated longitudinal covariation of right vmPFC GMV and sensation seeking (especially hedonic experience) highlights a potential reward-based mechanism for sustaining addictive behaviour. Taken together, our findings reveal vmPFC GMV as a possible biomarker for the early stages of nicotine addiction, with implications for its prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Xiang
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS Centre), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Chao Xie
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, C.E.A., Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie', Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie', Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS Centre), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS Centre), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Conti AA, Baldacchino AM. Early-onset smoking theory of compulsivity development: a neurocognitive model for the development of compulsive tobacco smoking. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1209277. [PMID: 37520221 PMCID: PMC10372444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1209277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the literature, individuals who start tobacco smoking during adolescence are at greater risk of developing severe tobacco addiction and heavier smoking behavior in comparison with individuals who uptake tobacco smoking during subsequent developmental stages. As suggested by animal models, this may be related to the unique neuroadaptive and neurotoxic effects of nicotine on adolescents' fronto-striatal brain regions modulating cognitive control and impulsivity. Previous research has proposed that these neuroadaptive and neurotoxic effects may cause a heightened reward-oriented impulsive behavior that may foster smoking relapses during quit attempts. However, developments in the field of addiction neuroscience have proposed drug addiction to represent a type of compulsive behavior characterized by the persistent use of a particular drug despite evident adverse consequences. One brain region that has received increased attention in recent years and that has been proposed to play a central role in modulating such compulsive drug-seeking and using behavior is the insular cortex. Lesion studies have shown that structural damages in the insular cortex may disrupt smoking behavior, while neuroimaging studies reported lower gray matter volume in the anterior insular cortex of chronic smokers compared with non-smokers, in addition to correlations between gray matter volume in the anterior insular cortex and measures of compulsive cigarette smoking. Based on the findings of our recent study reporting on early-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 13.2 years) displaying lower gray matter and white matter volume in the anterior insular cortex compared to late-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 18.0 years), we propose that the anterior insular cortex may play a central role in mediating the association between smoking uptake during adolescence and smoking heaviness/tobacco addiction during adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Alberto Conti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Mario Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conti AA, Baldacchino AM. Chronic tobacco smoking, impaired reward-based decision-making, and role of insular cortex: A comparison between early-onset smokers and late-onset smokers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:939707. [PMID: 36090372 PMCID: PMC9459116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The literature suggests that tobacco smoking may have a neurotoxic effect on the developing adolescent brain. Particularly, it may impair the decision-making process of early-onset smokers (<16 years), by rendering them more prone to impulsive and risky choices toward rewards, and therefore more prone to smoking relapses, in comparison to late-onset smokers (≥16 years). However, no study has ever investigated reward-based decision-making and structural brain differences between early-onset smokers and late-onset smokers. METHODS Computerized measures of reward-based decision-making [Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT); 5-trials adjusting delay discounting task (ADT-5)] were administered to 11 early-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 13.2 years), 17 late-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 18.0 years), and 24 non-smoker controls. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was utilized to investigate the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences in fronto-cortical and striatal brain regions between early-onset smokers, late-onset smokers, and non-smokers. RESULTS Early-onset smokers displayed a riskier decision-making behavior in comparison to non-smokers as assessed by the CGT (p < 0.01, Cohen's f = 0.48). However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in reward-based decision-making were detected between early-onset smokers and late-onset smokers. VBM results revealed early-onset smokers to present lower GM volume in the bilateral anterior insular cortex (AI) in comparison to late-onset smokers and lower WM volume in the right AI in comparison to late-onset smokers. CONCLUSION Impairments in reward-based decision-making may not be affected by tobacco smoking initiation during early adolescence. Instead, lower GM and WM volume in the AI of early-onset smokers may underline a vulnerability to develop compulsive tobacco seeking and smoking behavior during adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Alberto Conti
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Mario Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Familial Risks and Proportions Describing Population Landscape of Familial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174385. [PMID: 34503195 PMCID: PMC8430802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Familial cancer can be defined through the occurrence of the same cancer in two or more family members. Hereditary cancer is a narrower definition of high-risk familial aggregation through identified predisposing genes. The absence of correlation between spouses for risk of most cancers, particularly those not related to tobacco smoking or solar exposure, suggests that familial cancers are mainly due to genetic causes. The aim of the present study was to define the frequency and increased risk for familial cancer. Data on 31 of the most common cancers were obtained from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database and familial relative risks (SIRs) were estimated between persons with or without family history of the same cancer in first-degree relatives. Practically all cancers showed a familial risk, with an SIR most commonly around two, or a doubling of the risk because of family history. Abstract Background: Familial cancer can be defined through the occurrence of the same cancer in two or more family members. We describe a nationwide landscape of familial cancer, including its frequency and the risk that it conveys, by using the largest family database in the world with complete family structures and medically confirmed cancers. Patients/methods: We employed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to estimate familial risks for concordant cancer among first-degree relatives using the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1958 through 2016. Results: Cancer risks in a 20–84 year old population conferred by affected parents or siblings were about two-fold compared to the risk for individuals with unaffected relatives. For small intestinal, testicular, thyroid and bone cancers and Hodgkin disease, risks were higher, five-to-eight-fold. Novel familial associations included adult bone, lip, pharyngeal, and connective tissue cancers. Familial cancers were found in 13.2% of families with cancer; for prostate cancer, the proportion was 26.4%. High-risk families accounted for 6.6% of all cancer families. Discussion/Conclusion: High-risk family history should be exceedingly considered for management, including targeted genetic testing. For the major proportion of familial clustering, where genetic testing may not be feasible, medical and behavioral intervention should be indicated for the patient and their family members, including screening recommendations and avoidance of carcinogenic exposure.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rissanen I, Paananen M, Harju T, Miettunen J, Oura P. Maternal smoking trajectory during pregnancy predicts offspring's smoking and substance use - The Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101467. [PMID: 34194967 PMCID: PMC8237583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to characterize the association of maternal smoking trajectory during pregnancy with offspring's smoking, alcohol and substance use behavior. We used the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study including 11,653 mothers and their offspring followed up from mothers' mid-pregnancy to age of 46 years. Main exposure was number of smoked cigarettes per day at each month of pregnancy. Outcome measures were offspring's smoking, alcohol and drug use at age 14, starting age of smoking, ever-smoking, and smoked pack-years until age 46. Four maternal smoking trajectories during pregnancy were identified with latent class trajectory modelling, namely "non-smokers" (86.0% of mothers), "early quitters" (2.0%), "late quitters" (2.1%), and "consistent smokers" (9.9%). In comparison to non-smokers, all maternal smoking was associated with offspring's increased odds of lifetime smoking adjusted for sex of the child, father's smoking, occupational status and place of residence of family, marital status and mood of mother, and desirability of pregnancy. The consistent smoker's class was associated with offspring's number of smoked pack years by midlife (median [interquartile range]: 8.3 [1.4-17.4] vs. 4.8 [0.0-13.0], p = 0.028), and alcohol use in young age (odds ratio 1.23 [95% confidence interval 1.05-1.43]). Overall, to prevent parent-offspring transmission of smoking, the cessation support should target women planning pregnancy. Negative effects of maternal continuous smoking during pregnancy include all substance use and reach up to offspring's middle age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rissanen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terttu Harju
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ezegbe C, Magnussen CG, Neil AL, Buscot MJ, Dwyer T, Venn A, Gall S. Reliability and Validity of a Life Course Passive Smoke Exposure Questionnaire in an Australian Cohort From Childhood to Adulthood. J Prev Med Public Health 2021; 54:153-159. [PMID: 33845536 PMCID: PMC8046600 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Life course exposure to passive smoke may predict health, but there are few validated measures. We tested the reliability and validity of a retrospective life course passive smoking questionnaire. METHODS Participants from the third follow-up of the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study (2014-2019, ages 36-49 years) retrospectively reported mother/father/other household member smoking when living at home during childhood, including duration (years) and smoking location (never/sometimes/always inside house). The severity of exposure index (SEI; sum of mother/father/other years smoked multiplied by smoking location), cumulative years of exposure (CYE; sum of mother/father/other years), and total household smokers (THS) were derived. The reliability of retrospective passive smoking reports was examined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using household smoking reported 34 years earlier in 1985 by participants when aged 7-15 years. Construct validity was examined by correlating retrospective passive smoking with participants' smoking in adulthood and lung function in childhood and adulthood. RESULTS Among 2082 participants (mean±standard deviation [SD], 45.0±2.5 years; 55.2% females), THS ranged from 0 to 5 (mean± SD, 0.9±1.0), CYE ranged from 0 to 106 (mean±SD, 10.5±13.9), and SEI ranged from 0 to 318 (mean±SD, 24.4±36.0). Retrospective measures showed moderate agreement with total household smokers reported in childhood (ICC, 0.58 to 0.62). The retrospective measures were weakly but significantly (p<0.05) correlated with participants' smoking (r=0.13 to 0.15) and lung function (r= -0.05 to -0.06). CONCLUSIONS The retrospective passive smoking questionnaire showed reasonable reliability and validity. This measure may be useful for epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie Ezegbe
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Amanda Louise Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian J, Smith KJ, Cleland V, Gall S, Dwyer T, Venn AJ. Partnering and parenting transitions in Australian men and women: associations with changes in weight, domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:87. [PMID: 32641065 PMCID: PMC7346521 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Partnering and parenting are important life-stage transitions often accompanied by changes in social networks, roles and responsibilities. There have been no longitudinal studies examining associations of partnering and parenting with changes in domain-specific physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours, and our understanding of whether these transitions are associated with weight change is limited. Methods Two thousand one hundred and twenty-four Australian adults from a national cohort (mean age 31.7 (2.7) years, 47.5% male) completed questionnaires at baseline (2004–06) and follow-up (2009–11), reporting marital and parental status. Weight (kg) was measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up. PA and sedentary behaviours (sitting and television (TV) viewing) were self-reported in a subset (n = 1221). Linear regression estimated the longitudinal associations of parenting and partnering transitions with PA, sedentary behaviours and weight at follow-up, adjusted for baseline value of the respective outcome variable, age, education, follow-up duration and other life-stage transition. Results During the 5-year follow-up, 17.3% men and 12.9% women partnered, and 27.3% men and 19.1% women had their first child. Compared to staying not partnered, partnering was associated with an increase in total PA (177.5mins/week, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 18.0 to 337.0) among men and a greater weight gain (2.2 kg, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.7) among women. Compared to remaining child-free, having a first child was associated with greater reductions in total PA (− 123.9mins/week, 95% CI − 248.8 to 1.1) and TV viewing time (− 27.0mins/day, 95% CI − 50.6 to − 3.3) among men. Women who had their first child had greater weight gain (1.4 kg, 95% CI 0.1 to 2.7) but spent less time sitting (− 103.8mins/day, 95% CI − 135.5 to − 72.1) than those remaining child-free. For women, having additional children was associated with less sitting time (− 39.4mins/week, 95% CI − 66.0 to − 12.8) than having the same number of children. Conclusions Partnering was associated with an increase in men’s total PA and women’s weight. Transitions into parenthood with a first child or additional children were associated with potentially health-impairing changes in weight and PA, but health-promoting changes in sedentary behaviours. Future PA promotion strategies should pay attention to men who had their first child to mitigate declining total PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
| | - Kylie J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu T, Gall SL, Widome R, Bazzano LA, Burns TL, Daniels SR, Dwyer T, Ikonen J, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Prineas RJ, Raitakari O, Sinaiko AR, Steinberger J, Urbina EM, Venn A, Viikari J, Woo JG, Jacobs DR. Childhood/Adolescent Smoking and Adult Smoking and Cessation: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014381. [PMID: 32264731 PMCID: PMC7428613 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite declining US adolescent smoking prevalence from 40% among 12th graders in 1995 to around 10% in 2018, adolescent smoking is still a significant problem. Using the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium, which includes 7 international cohorts recruited in childhood and followed into adulthood, the present study was designed to confirm the important relation between adolescent smoking and daily adult smoking and present new data on adult smoking into the forties and comparison of smoking in the United States, Finland, and Australia. Methods and Results Childhood smoking experience during ages 6 to 19 in the 1970s and 1980s was classifiable in 6687 i3C participants who also provided smoking status in their twenties and forties through 2011–2018. Prevalence of daily smoking in their twenties was directly related to degree of smoking during adolescence and inversely related to the age at which that smoking experience occurred (P trend, <0.001). Similar patterns were observed for prediction of smoking during age forties. Among the 2465 smokers in their twenties, cessation by their forties was generally inverse to degree of smoking in ages 6 to 19 (P trend, <0.001). Prevalence of smoking during adolescence and adulthood was similar among US, Finnish, and Australian participants. Conclusions These long‐term follow‐up data show that smoking intensity increased throughout adolescence. Prevalence of adult smoking and cessation by the forties were both correlated with levels of childhood smoking intensity. These data lend support to preventive strategies designed to reduce, delay, or eliminate any youth access to cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hu
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Seana L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Oxford Martin School Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Ikonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Turku Finland.,Division of Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology University of Tampere Finland
| | - Ronald J Prineas
- Division of Public Health Science Wake Forest University Winston-Salem NC
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Finland
| | - Alan R Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis MN
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis MN
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Turku Finland.,Division of Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tian J, Gall S, Patterson K, Otahal P, Blizzard L, Patton G, Dwyer T, Venn A. Socioeconomic position over the life course from childhood and smoking status in mid-adulthood: results from a 25-year follow-up study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:169. [PMID: 30736767 PMCID: PMC6368790 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear how life course socioeconomic position (SEP) variations impact later smoking status. We aimed to investigate the associations using a novel methodology – a structured regression framework and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods Data were from an Australian national cohort (n = 1489). SEP was measured in childhood (aged 7–15 years), young- (aged 26–36 years) and mid-adulthood (aged 31–41 years), including highest parental occupation in childhood and self-occupation in young- and mid-adulthood. Smoking status was self-reported in mid-adulthood. Four smoking-related variables in childhood including exposure to parental smoking, smoking experimentation, self-rated importance to be a non-smoker and intention to smoke were tested as potential mediators. A structured life course modelling approach was used to select the best-fit life course model(s). The log multinomial model was used to estimate the smoking risk in mid-adulthood with never smokers as the excluded category. Results 63.6% of participants were classified as stable non-manual occupation across the life course from childhood. The sensitive period and the accumulation model described the data equally as well as the saturated model. In the sensitive period model, compared to the non-manual group, those who had highest parental occupation of manual had a 21% lower risk of being former smokers and a 32% greater risk of being current smokers in mid-adulthood, and those who were occupied manually in mid-adulthood reported a 55% greater risk of being current smokers in mid-adulthood. In the accumulation model, compared to those who consistently reported non-manual occupations across the life course, those with manual occupations for longer had higher risk of being current smokers in mid-adulthood, with a 43% risk increase per time point in a manual occupation. Exposure to parental smoking and intention to smoke during childhood explained up to 40.2% of the excess risk of being current smokers in mid-adulthood associated with manual occupations in the sensitive period and the accumulation model. Conclusions Childhood, young- and mid-adulthood are all important, but SEP in childhood and mid-adulthood may be of more importance in determining mid-adulthood smoking status. Exposure to parental smoking and intention to smoke in childhood seems to moderately mediate the associations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6483-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Kira Patterson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terry Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andersen A, Bast LS, Due P, Thygesen LC. Evaluation of the smoking intervention X:IT after the second year: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:885-889. [PMID: 30222087 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818799837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims:Review studies on the long-term effects of school-based smoking interventions show mixed results. X:IT was a three-year cluster randomized controlled trial to prevent uptake of smoking among Danish students from age 13 years until age 15 years which previously proved effective in preventing smoking after the first year of intervention. The aim of this paper was to conduct the pre-planned analyses of the effects of the X:IT intervention on smoking after the second year. Methods: We used self-reported questionnaire data from students at baseline, first, second, and third follow-up (n at second follow-up=3269, response rate=79.4%). Data from third follow-up were not suitable for analysis. Outcome measure: 'current smoking', dichotomised into smoke daily, weekly, monthly or more seldom versus do not smoke. We performed multilevel, logistic regression analyses of available cases and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, replacing missing outcome values by multiple imputation. Results: The prevalence of smoking increased from 5.8% at baseline to 17.0% at second follow-up among students at intervention schools, and from 7.6% to 18.7% among students at control schools. Analyses of available cases and ITT analyses did not support X:IT being effective in preventing smoking after the second year of intervention. Conclusions: Although X:IT was effective after the first year of intervention, we were not able to demonstrate any effects after the second year. Implementation of the intervention was lower in the second year compared to the first year which indicates that the missing effect of the intervention at second follow-up is due to lack of implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotus S Bast
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lau C Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moodie C, MacKintosh AM, Gallopel-Morvan K, Hastings G, Ford A. Adolescents' Perceptions of an On-cigarette Health Warning. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:1232-1237. [PMID: 27613916 PMCID: PMC6155467 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In most countries, health warnings have been on cigarette packs for decades. We explored adolescents' perceptions of a health warning on cigarettes. METHODS Data come from the 2014 wave of a cross-sectional in-home survey with 11- to 16-year olds (N = 1205) from across the UK, with participants recruited from the general population using random location quota sampling. Participants were shown an image of a standard cigarette which displayed the warning "Smoking kills" and asked whether they thought this would (not) put people off starting to smoke, (not) make people want to give up smoking, and whether all cigarettes should (not) have health warnings on them. RESULTS Most (71%) thought that an on-cigarette warning would put people off starting, although this decreased with age. Never smokers were more likely than current smokers to think that it would put people off starting. Approximately half (53%) thought that an on-cigarette warning would make people want to give up smoking, with this higher for never smokers and experimenters/past smokers than for current smokers. Most (85%) supported a warning on all cigarettes. There was support among each smoking group, although this was higher for never smokers and experimenters/past smokers than for current smokers, and higher for those indicating that most of their close friends do not smoke than for those indicating that most of their close friends do smoke. CONCLUSIONS The perception among adolescents that an on-cigarette warning could deter smoking, and the high support for a warning on all cigarettes, warrants further research. IMPLICATIONS Research on dissuasive cigarettes is at a nascent stage. This is the first study to explore how adolescents perceive a health warning ("Smoking kills") on cigarettes. Almost three quarters of participants indicated that on-cigarette health warnings would deter people from starting to smoke, and 85% supported the inclusion of a warning on all cigarettes. While further research is clearly needed, these findings suggest that the inclusion of health warnings on cigarettes is considered appropriate by young people and may have a dissuasive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crawford Moodie
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies
| | - Anne Marie MacKintosh
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies
| | | | - Gerard Hastings
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies
| | - Allison Ford
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burris JL, Riley E, Puleo GE, Smith GT. A longitudinal study of the reciprocal relationship between ever smoking and urgency in early adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178:519-526. [PMID: 28719886 PMCID: PMC5555077 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among early adolescents in the United States (U.S.), the prevalence of cigarette smoking is at its lowest level in recent decades. Nonetheless, given the risks of smoking in early development, it remains critically important to study both risk factors for smoking and risks from smoking. This longitudinal study with U.S. early adolescents examines smoking initiation and tests a model of reciprocal prediction between ever smoking and the personality trait of urgency (i.e., mood-based impulsivity), a trait that increases risk for multiple forms of dysfunction. METHODS Participants (n=1906; 90% 10-11 years old, 50% female, 39% racial minorities at baseline) completed questionnaires 1-2 times per year starting in 5th grade and ending in 9th grade. Structural equation modeling allowed tests of bidirectional relationships between ever smoking and urgency controlling for pubertal status and negative affect at each wave. RESULTS Incidence of ever smoking increased from 5% to 27% over time, with current smoking around 5% at the last wave. Urgency at each wave predicted ever smoking at the next wave above and beyond covariates and prior smoking (all p<0.01). Likewise, with one exception, ever smoking predicted an increase in urgency at the subsequent wave above and beyond covariates and prior urgency (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION Results show that risk for smoking increases with higher levels of urgency and urgency increases secondary to engagement in smoking. Future work should therefore explore urgency as a point of prevention for smoking and smoking cessation as a means to mitigate mood-based impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Burris
- Department of Psychology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, University of Kentucky, 206 Combs Cancer Research Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Dr., Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA.
| | - Gabriella E. Puleo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Dr., Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA;
| | - Gregory T. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, University of Kentucky, 105 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ncube CN, Mueller BA. Daughters of Mothers Who Smoke: A Population-based Cohort Study of Maternal Prenatal Tobacco use and Subsequent Prenatal Smoking in Offspring. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2017; 31:14-20. [PMID: 27935093 PMCID: PMC5195902 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to tobacco is associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and child, and has been associated with an increased risk of tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence in offspring. The objective of this study was to examine the risk of prenatal smoking, among daughters, associated with maternal prenatal smoking. METHODS We used a population-based cohort study design, with linked vital records data of mothers and daughters delivering 1984-96 and 1996-2013, respectively, in Washington State. The exposure of interest was mothers' prenatal smoking (any vs. no smoking at any time during pregnancy), while the outcome was daughters' prenatal smoking (similarly assessed). We used multivariable log-binomial regression to obtain estimates of the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Daughters exposed to maternal prenatal smoking were more likely to smoke during their pregnancy, compared to unexposed daughters (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.72, 1.84, adjusted for the year the daughter delivered, her marital status and educational attainment, and the mothers' race/ethnicity). CONCLUSIONS In this relatively young population, we found that daughters exposed to maternal prenatal smoking have an increased risk of smoking later on during their own pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of exposures during the prenatal period. The mechanisms leading to prenatal smoking are multifactorial and likely include behavioural, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. An understanding of this risk factor for prenatal smoking may guide health care providers to better target smoking cessation interventions to at-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collette N. Ncube
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of
Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA
98195-7236
| | - Beth A. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of
Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA
98195-7236,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, PO Box 19024, Mailstop M4-C308, Seattle, WA 98109-1024
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Do Executive Function and Impulsivity Predict Adolescent Health Behaviour after Accounting for Intelligence? Findings from the ALSPAC Cohort. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160512. [PMID: 27479488 PMCID: PMC4968814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Executive function, impulsivity, and intelligence are correlated markers of cognitive resource that predict health-related behaviours. It is unknown whether executive function and impulsivity are unique predictors of these behaviours after accounting for intelligence. Methods Data from 6069 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were analysed to investigate whether components of executive function (selective attention, attentional control, working memory, and response inhibition) and impulsivity (parent-rated) measured between ages 8 and 10, predicted having ever drunk alcohol, having ever smoked, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and overweight at age 13, after accounting for intelligence at age 8 and childhood socioeconomic characteristics. Results Higher intelligence predicted having drunk alcohol, not smoking, greater fruit and vegetable consumption, and not being overweight. After accounting for intelligence, impulsivity predicted alcohol use (odds ratio = 1.10; 99% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.19) and smoking (1.22; 1.11, 1.34). Working memory predicted not being overweight (0.90; 0.81, 0.99). Conclusions After accounting for intelligence, executive function predicts overweight status but not health-related behaviours in early adolescence, whilst impulsivity predicts the onset of alcohol and cigarette use, all with small effects. This suggests overlap between executive function and intelligence as predictors of health behaviour in this cohort, with trait impulsivity accounting for additional variance.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Public perception and anxiety of familial cancer have increased demands for clinical counseling, which may be well equipped for gene testing but less prepared for counseling of the large domain of familial cancer with unknown genetic background. The aim of the present study was to highlight the full scope of familial cancer and the variable levels of risk that need to be considered. Data on the 25 most common cancers were obtained from the Swedish Family Cancer Database and a Poisson regression model was applied to estimate relative risks (RR) distinguishing between family histories of single or multiple affected first-degree relatives and their diagnostic ages. For all cancers, individual risks were significantly increased if a parent or a sibling had a concordant cancer. While the RRs were around 2.00 for most cancers, risks were up to 10-fold increased for some cancers. Familial risks were even higher when multiple relatives were affected. Although familial risks were highest at ages below 60 years, most familial cases were diagnosed at older ages. The results emphasized the value of a detailed family history as a readily available tool for individualized counseling and its preventive potential for a large domain of non-syndromatic familial cancers.
Collapse
|
16
|
Duarte R, Escario JJ, Molina JA. Smoking transmission in-home across three generations. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1018970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
17
|
Bethea J, Murtagh B, Wallace SE. "I don't mind damaging my own body" a qualitative study of the factors that motivate smokers to quit. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:4. [PMID: 25604029 PMCID: PMC4324408 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-15-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although smoking prevalence in England has declined, one in five adults smoke. Smokers are at increased risk of a number of diseases, including COPD which affects an estimated 1.5 million people in England alone. This study aimed to explore issues relating to smoking behaviour and intention to quit that might be used to inform the development of cessation interventions. Issues explored included knowledge of smoking related disease, with a particular emphasis on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Understanding around risk of disease, including genetic risk was explored, as were features of appropriate and accessible cessation materials and support. Methods Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 30 individuals of which 17 were smoking cessation clients and 13 were professionals working within health care settings relevant to supporting smokers to quit. A largely purposive approach was taken to sampling, and data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Results Knowledge of the smoking related disease COPD was limited. Smokers’ concerns around risk of disease were influenced by their social context and were more focussed on how their smoking might impact on the health of their family and friends, rather than how it might impact on them as individuals. Participants felt the provision of genetic risk information may have a limited impact on motivation to quit. Genetic risk was considered to be a difficult concept to understand, particularly as increased risk does not mean an individual will definitely develop disease. In terms of cessation approaches, the use of visual media was consistently supported, as was the use of materials that linked directly with life experiences. Images of children inhaling second hand smoke for example, had a particular impact. Conclusions Public health messages around the risks of smoking and approaches to quitting should continue to have an emphasis on the dangers that an individual’s smoking has on the lives of the people around them. More work also needs to be done to raise awareness around both the risk of COPD in smokers and the impact this disease has on quality of life and life expectancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bethea
- Department of Health Sciences, The University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patterson KAE, Cleland V, Venn A, Blizzard L, Gall S. A cross-sectional study of geographic differences in health risk factors among young Australian adults: the role of socioeconomic position. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1278. [PMID: 25512127 PMCID: PMC4300821 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear why living outside of an urban environment affects aspects of health, particularly whether these differences can be explained by other factors such as socioeconomic position (SEP). The aim of this study was to compare health risk factors between metropolitan and non-metropolitan young Australian adults and examine whether socioeconomic position (SEP) mediates any differences. Methods Cross-sectional data came from an Australia-wide sample of 26–36 year-olds (n = 2567). Information on demographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity (PA, mins/week) and mental health were collected by questionnaire, BMI from measured height and weight and daily steps using pedometers. Metropolitan versus non-metropolitan residence was classified from addresses. SEP included individual-level (education, occupation) and area-level measures. Prevalence ratios and ratio of means were calculated using log binomial, log multinomial and linear regression techniques. Results Non-metropolitan residents were less likely to meet 2 or more dietary guidelines, reported less leisure-time PA and active commuting but more occupational and domestic PA than metropolitan residents. Non-metropolitan women were more likely to smoke and be obese. No differences in mental health were found. After adjusting for SEP, differences remained significant except for leisure-time PA (men and women) and smoking (women). Conclusions Living outside metropolitan areas was associated with more risk factors in these young adults. Individual SEP and area-level disadvantage generally did not explain these differences, suggesting that a focus on geographic location as its own social determinant of health, beyond SEP, is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira A E Patterson
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
When to prevent cardiovascular disease? As early as possible: lessons from prospective cohorts beginning in childhood. Curr Opin Cardiol 2014; 28:561-8. [PMID: 23928921 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e32836428f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To detail recent developments linking modifiable youth risk factors with preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease such as carotid artery intima-media thickness, pulse-wave velocity (PVW) and large artery stiffness, brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, left ventricular geometry, and coronary artery calcification in adulthood. RECENT FINDINGS Population-based data from prospective cohort studies beginning in youth with follow-up into adulthood have shown that the modifiable youth risk factors of elevated blood lipids, blood pressure, and adiposity, smoking (active and passive), metabolic disorders, physical inactivity, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and diet associate with preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The data suggest that, in some instances, those who amend their trajectory by not maintaining these risk factors into adulthood experience reductions in preclinical markers to levels associated with never having had the risk factor. SUMMARY Though avoidance of risk factors in youth is ideal, there is still a window for intervention where long-lasting cardiovascular effects might be avoided. Health-enhancing changes in the rates of active and passive smoking, adiposity, increased physical activity, accentuated fitness, modified diet, and socioeconomic position in the transition from youth to adulthood might be important in modifying an individual's trajectory from high risk in youth to low risk in adulthood.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jarman L, Martin A, Venn A, Otahal P, Taylor R, Teale B, Sanderson K. Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress in a large and diverse public sector workforce: baseline results from Partnering Healthy@Work. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:125. [PMID: 24498884 PMCID: PMC3931478 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive and anxiety disorders are common among working adults and costly to employers and individuals. Mental health screening is often an important initial strategy, but the resultant data are often of unknown representativeness and difficult to interpret. In a public sector workforce, this study used a brief screener for depression/anxiety to: a) compare prevalence of high psychological distress obtained from a researcher survey with an employer survey and population norms and b) verify whether expected correlates were observed in a screening setting. Methods Participants were public servants working for an Australian state government. High psychological distress (Kessler-10 ≥22) stratified by age and sex was compared for a random weighted sample researcher survey (n = 3406) and an anonymous volunteer employer survey (n = 7715). Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated from log binomial regression. Results Referencing the researcher survey, prevalence of high psychological distress was greater by age and sex in the employer survey but was only dependably higher for men when compared with population norms. Modelling suggested this may be due to work stress (effort-reward imbalance) (PR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.45-7.01) and casual/fixed-term employment (PR 2.64, 95% CI 1.26-5.56). Conclusions Depression and anxiety screening using typical employer survey methods could overestimate prevalence but expected correlates are observed in a screening setting. Guidance for employers on screening and interpretation should be provided to encourage engagement with mental health prevention and treatment programs in the workplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jarman
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cremers HP, Oenema A, Mercken L, Candel M, de Vries H. Which factors play a role in Dutch health promotion professionals’ decision to recruit actively primary schools to use a web-based smoking prevention programme? BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:504. [PMID: 24298942 PMCID: PMC4222116 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Municipal Health Promotion Organisations (MHPOs) play an important role in promoting and disseminating prevention programmes, such as smoking prevention programmes, in schools. This study identifies factors that may facilitate or hinder MHPOs’ willingness to recruit actively primary schools to use a smoking prevention programme. Methods In 2011, 31 Dutch MHPOs were invited to recruit schools to use a smoking prevention programme. All MHPO employees involved in smoking prevention activities (n = 68) were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing psychological factors and characteristics of their organisation that might affect their decision to be involved in active recruitment of schools. T-tests and multivariate analysis of variance assessed potential differences in psychological and organisational factors between active and non-active recruiters. Results A total of 45 professionals returned the questionnaire (66.2%). Active recruiters (n = 12) had more positive attitudes (p = 0.02), higher self-efficacy expectations (p < 0.01) and formulated more plans (p < 0.01) to recruit primary schools, compared with non-active recruiters. Organisational factors did not discriminate between active and non-active recruiters. Conclusions Primarily psychological factors seem to be associated with MHPOs’ decision to recruit schools actively. This indicates that creating more positive attitude, self-efficacy beliefs and formation of plans may help in getting more MHPOs involved in active recruitment procedures.
Collapse
|
22
|
Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Banaschewski T, Laucht M. Early smoking onset may promise initial pleasurable sensations and later addiction. Addict Biol 2013; 18:947-54. [PMID: 21966958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is converging evidence suggesting a particular susceptibility to the addictive properties of nicotine among adolescents. The aim of the current study was to prospectively ascertain the relationship between age at first cigarette and initial smoking experiences, and to examine the combined effects of these characteristics of adolescent smoking behavior on adult smoking. It was hypothesized that the association between earlier age at first cigarette and later development of nicotine dependence may, at least in part, be attributable to differences in experiencing pleasurable early smoking sensations. Data were drawn from the participants of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. Structured interviews at age 15, 19 and 22 years were conducted to assess the age at first cigarette, early smoking experiences and current smoking behavior in 213 young adults. In addition, the participants completed the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Adolescents who smoked their first cigarette at an earlier age reported more pleasurable sensations from the cigarette, and they were more likely to be regular smokers at age 22. The age at first cigarette also predicted the number of cigarettes smoked and dependence at age 22. Thus, both the age of first cigarette and the pleasure experienced from the cigarette independently predicted aspects of smoking at age 22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlette F Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Germany Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Germany Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Individual- and community-level correlates of cigarette-smoking trajectories from age 13 to 32 in a U.S. population-based sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 132:301-8. [PMID: 23499056 PMCID: PMC3701734 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing smoking behavior is important for informing etiologic models and targeting prevention efforts. This study explored the effects of both individual- and community-level variables in predicting cigarette use vs. non-use and level of use among adolescents as they transition into adulthood. METHODS Data on 14,779 youths (53% female) were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health); a nationally representative longitudinal cohort. A cohort sequential design allowed for examining trajectories of smoking typologies from age 13 to 32 years. Smoking trajectories were evaluated by using a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) latent growth analysis and latent class growth analysis modeling approach. RESULTS Significant relationships emerged between both individual- and community-level variables and smoking outcomes. Maternal and peer smoking predicted increases in smoking over development and were associated with a greater likelihood of belonging to any of the four identified smoking groups versus Non-Users. Conduct problems and depressive symptoms during adolescence were related to cigarette use versus non-use. State-level prevalence of adolescent smoking was related to greater cigarette use during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Individual- and community-level variables that distinguish smoking patterns within the population aid in understanding cigarette use versus non-use and the quantity of cigarette use into adulthood. Our findings suggest that efforts to prevent cigarette use would benefit from attention to both parental and peer smoking and individual well-being. Future work is needed to better understand the role of variables in the context of multiple levels (individual and community-level) on smoking trajectories.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT, Johnson JL, Chan A. Reconciling parenting and smoking in the context of child development. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2013; 23:1042-1053. [PMID: 23774626 DOI: 10.1177/1049732313494118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article we explore the micro-social context of parental tobacco use in the first years of a child's life and early childhood. We conducted individual interviews with 28 mothers and fathers during the 4 years following the birth of their child. Using grounded theory methods, we identified the predominant explanatory concept in parents' accounts as the need to reconcile being a parent and smoking. Desires to become smoke-free coexisted with five types of parent-child interactions: (a) protecting the defenseless child, (b) concealing smoking and cigarettes from the mimicking child, (c) reinforcing smoking as bad with the communicative child, (d) making guilt-driven promises to the fearful child, and (e) relinquishing personal responsibility to the autonomous child. We examine the agency of the child in influencing parents' smoking practices, the importance of children's observational learning in the early years, and the reciprocal nature of parent-child interactions related to parents' smoking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Bottorff
- Institute of Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia's Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hallal PC, Clark VL, Assunção MC, Araújo CLP, Gonçalves H, Menezes AMB, Barros FC. Socioeconomic trajectories from birth to adolescence and risk factors for noncommunicable disease: prospective analyses. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:S32-7. [PMID: 23283158 PMCID: PMC3508416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the associations between family socioeconomic trajectories from 0 to 11 years of age and risk factors for noncommunicable disease at 15 years. METHODS Individuals born in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 1993 are part of a birth cohort study. Socioeconomic position, collected at birth and at 11 years of age, was our main exposure. Risk factors for chronic disease were collected at 15 years. Body mass index was transformed into Z score using the World Health Organization standard. Transport and leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were assessed by self-report. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. RESULTS Of 5,249 cohort members, 85.7% were located at the 15-year follow-up visit. Rich adolescents were more likely to be overweight, be obese, and not use active modes of transport to school. Poor adolescents were more likely to smoke. In relation to socioeconomic trajectories, the odds of obesity were 46% higher among those who were "always rich" compared with those who were "always poor"; the odds of use of an inactive mode of transportation were 326% greater among the "always rich" than the "always poor," whereas the reverse was observed for smoking (odds of 200%). The "always rich" had one-half the odds of walking or cycling to school compared with those who became wealthy in the studied period. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent socioeconomic position is a stronger determinant of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases than socioeconomic trajectories. However, trajectories do matter, particularly in terms of use of active transportation to school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mueller BA, Nelson JL, Newcomb PA. Intrauterine environment and multiple sclerosis: a population- based case-control study. Mult Scler 2012; 19:106-11. [PMID: 22570360 DOI: 10.1177/1352458512447869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of several autoimmune disorders with intrauterine and early life exposures have been reported. OBJECTIVE We used population-based linked hospital discharge-birth records data to explore maternal, prenatal, and infant characteristics in relation to MS-related hospitalization among Washington State residents. METHODS 272 cases hospitalized for MS during 1988-2008 and 2720 birth record controls were identified from linked hospital discharge-birth certificate data. Exposure information from their birth records were compared in a population-based case-control study to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for associations with MS hospitalization. RESULTS Most factors examined were not associated with MS. Having a mother with 3+ prior live births (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.31-0.95) or having 3+ older siblings (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.28-0.85) were negatively associated. Maternal prenatal smoking (OR 3.09, 95%CI 1.22-7.84) was positively associated. CONCLUSION Transplacental exposure to smoke constituents including chemicals affecting myelin may help explain any association with maternal prenatal smoking; however, we were unable to assess childhood or adult smoke exposures which may also account at least partly for this effect. The negative associations observed with greater maternal parity and number of siblings are consistent with some other studies. Reasons for these associations may involve various pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lau M, Chen X, Ren Y. Increased risk of cigarette smoking among immigrant children and girls in Hong Kong: an emerging public health issue. J Community Health 2012; 37:144-52. [PMID: 21674257 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite global progress in tobacco control, data are needed for subgroups with increased risk of tobacco use for more effective smoking prevention. Survey data from a random sample of 6,486 youth in grades 7, 8 and 9 were derived from the project Chinese Student Health Survey. Prevalence and hazards of smoking onset were compared by gender and immigrant status. Mediation analysis was used to assess factors that may mediate the impact of immigrant status on smoking. Immigrant students had a much higher risk of hazards of smoking initiation than non-immigrant students. Parental monitoring and parental smoking significantly mediated the effect of immigrant status on early smoking onset. In addition, gender differences in the prevalence of smoking and hazards of smoking onset in our study were smaller than those reported by others targeting non-Hong Kong Chinese youth. Findings of this study imply that immigrant children and girls in Hong Kong are at increased risk to tobacco use. Special attention should be paid to these subgroups for prevention intervention. Prevention intervention for immigrant children should address parental smoking and parental monitoring. Reduced gender difference in smoking among Hong Kong youth suggests an emerging trend for more Chinese girls on the Mainland to smoke along with the rapid socioeconomic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Lau
- Department of Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Juonala M, Magnussen CG, Venn A, Gall S, Kähönen M, Laitinen T, Taittonen L, Lehtimäki T, Jokinen E, Sun C, Viikari JS, Dwyer T, Raitakari OT. Parental Smoking in Childhood and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Young Adults. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1024-31. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.243261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Passive smoking has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. The present study aimed to examine the long-term effects of childhood exposure to tobacco smoke on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in adults.
Methods and Results—
The analyses were based on 2171 participants in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns (N=2067) and Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (N=104) studies who had measures of conventional risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, adiposity, socioeconomic status) and self-reported parental smoking status when aged 3 to 18 years at baseline. They were re-examined 19 to 27 years later when aged 28 to 45 years. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was measured at follow-up with ultrasound. In analyses adjusting for age, sex, and childhood risk factors, flow-mediated dilatation was reduced among participants who had parents that smoked in youth compared to those whose parents did not smoke (Young Finns: 9.2±0.1% (mean±SEM) versus 8.6±0.1%,
P
=0.001; Childhood Determinants of Adult Health: 7.4±0.6% versus 4.9±0.9%,
P
=0.04). These effects remained after adjustment for adult risk factors including own smoking status (Young Finns,
P
=0.003; Childhood Determinants of Adult Health,
P
=0.03).
Conclusion—
Parental smoking in youth is associated with reduced flow-mediated dilatation in young adulthood measured over 20 years later. These findings suggest that passive exposure to cigarette smoke among children might cause irreversible impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Juonala
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Alison Venn
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Seana Gall
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Mika Kähönen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Leena Taittonen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Eero Jokinen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Cong Sun
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Jorma S.A. Viikari
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Terence Dwyer
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtimäki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tucker JS, Edelen MO, Go MH, Pollard MS, Green HD, Kennedy DP. Resisting Smoking When a Best Friend Smokes: Do Intrapersonal and Contextual Factors Matter? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2012; 22:113-122. [PMID: 22389575 PMCID: PMC3292277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2011.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examines individual differences in the tendency to initiate (N = 4,612) and escalate (N = 2,837) smoking when adolescents gain a best friend who smokes. Potential moderating factors include self-esteem, depression, problem behavior, school and family bonds, and household access to cigarettes. In addition to acquiring a smoking best friend, initiation was predicted by trouble at school, household access, poorer grades and delinquency, whereas escalation was predicted by depressive symptoms. There was little evidence that the examined individual difference factors moderate the association between gaining a smoking best friend and increased adolescent smoking. Results point to the challenges of identifying factors that may lead adolescents to be more or less susceptible to the influence of pro-smoking friends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kong G, Camenga D, Krishnan-Sarin S. Parental influence on adolescent smoking cessation: is there a gender difference? Addict Behav 2012; 37:211-6. [PMID: 22070852 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association of parental disapproval of adolescent smoking and parental smoking status, with past smoking quit behaviors among daily-smoking, high school-aged adolescents, and also tested whether these associations differ for boys and girls. Adolescent regular smokers (N=253) completed questions on smoking behaviors, past smoking cessation behaviors, parental disapproval of smoking, and parental smoking. Past smoking cessation behaviors were defined as "the number of quit attempts that lasted longer than 24 hours" and "the longest number of days of abstinence". Logistic regression analyses showed that for all adolescents, even having one smoking parent was associated with decreased odds of being abstinent for longer than 2 days. However, for girls, not having any smoking parents was associated with greater duration of abstinence (>2 weeks). Having both parents, compared with not having any parents disapprove of smoking, was associated with greater number of quit attempts in boys, but this effect was not found in girls. The results indicate that parents have a salient role in adolescent smoking cessation behaviors, and this association appears to be gender-specific. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that explain gender differences in parental influence on adolescent smoking cessation behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Exploration of parental smokers' experience, perceptions, and family's influences on their smoking in the presence of children. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2012; 35:E1-13. [PMID: 22293613 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0b013e3182445525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore parents' experience and perceptions of smoking in the presence of children. Findings regarding patterns of parents' smoking in the presence of children were situation specific. When thinking of smoking with children around, parents engaged in a process of weighing the importance of the need to smoke and adverse effects from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, a consideration based mostly on their experience. A pattern of correspondence was identified between family's level of concern and promoting change among smokers. Many strategies participants used to prevent children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure were relatively ineffective and needed to be addressed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yi O, Kwon HJ, Kim D, Kim H, Ha M, Hong SJ, Hong YC, Leem JH, Sakong J, Lee CG, Kim SY, Kang D. Association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure of children and parental socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study in Korea. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 14:607-15. [PMID: 22193578 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been reported that most environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure of children occurs at home, and lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) increases the risk of this exposure. We estimated the independent and interactive effects of parental SES and residential area SES on ETS exposure of children at home. METHODS We evaluated whether ETS exposure was associated with parental SES by entering data from 7,059 school-aged children in Korea into fixed effects models. The empirical model, including the interaction variable of the level of deprivation of each residential area, was fitted with parental SES. RESULTS After adjustment for possible confounding variables, low paternal education (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.30-2.54) and highly deprived areas (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06-1.69) were significantly associated with the ETS exposure of children, especially among children whose fathers had <12 years of education and lived in the most deprived area (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04-4.02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the SES of residential areas may influence the ETS exposure of children directly, as well as interactively with parental SES, in Korea. Findings from this study will help inform policy decision makers that intervention to promote smoking cessation should consider not only the SES of individuals but also that of residential areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okhee Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Loke AY, Mak YW, Lau PY. Predictors of spontaneous smoking cessation among Chinese men whose wives are pregnant. Matern Child Health J 2011; 16:1247-56. [PMID: 21928116 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-011-0884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This is an exploratory study to identify the predictors that Chinese men will spontaneously quit smoking during their wives' pregnancy. Smoking husbands who accompanied their non-smoking pregnant wives to an antenatal clinic were invited to complete a questionnaire soliciting information regarding their smoking behaviours, perceptions of support received from their wives, and motivating factors for quitting smoking. A total of 74 men were recruited. Two-thirds (67.6%) were daily smokers, had started smoking under the age of 18 (66.2%), and smoked 6-15 cigarettes (48.6%) a day. Nearly one-third of the smoking husbands (n = 50, 67.6%) reported that their wife was the person who provided them with the necessary main support in quitting. Nearly a quarter (18 out of 74, 24.3%) of the husbands indicated that they quit smoking during their wives' pregnancy. Those more likely to quit were the 'occasional smokers' (61.1% vs. 38.9%), those who craved cigarettes a few hours after getting up (0% vs. 100%), those who were confident in their ability to quit (77.8% vs. 22.2%), and those who had previously attempted to quit (88.9% vs. 11.1%). The level of negative support from wives to quit smoking was significantly related to men's quitting (55.6% vs. 44.4%). The results of this study identified the husbands most likely to spontaneously quit smoking during their wives' pregnancy as those who were occasional smokers, were confident about smoking cessation, and reported their wives as being bothered by smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Yuen Loke
- Family and Community Health Division, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kelly AB, O'Flaherty M, Connor JP, Homel R, Toumbourou JW, Patton GC, Williams J. The influence of parents, siblings and peers on pre- and early-teen smoking: a multilevel model. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011; 30:381-7. [PMID: 21355905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Despite considerable success in tobacco control, many teenagers in Australia and other industrialised countries still smoke tobacco. There is mixed evidence on the relative influence of proximal social networks (parents/siblings/peers) on pre- and early-teen smoking, and no research has examined how these influences compare after accounting for school- and community-level effects.The aim of this study was to compare the relative influences of parents, siblings and peers, after accounting for school- and community-level variation in smoking. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional fixed and random effects model of smoking prevalence was used, with individuals (n = 7314) nested within schools (n = 231) nested within communities (n = 30). Grade 6 and 8 students (modal ages 11 and 13 years) completed an on-line survey. Key variables included parent/sibling/peer use. Controls included alcohol involvement, sensation seeking, pro-social beliefs, laws/norms about substance use and school commitment. RESULTS There was significant variation in smoking at both the school and community levels, supporting the need for a multilevel model. Individual-level predictors accounted for much of the variance at higher levels. The strongest effects were for number of friends who smoke, sibling smoking and alcohol involvement. Smaller significant effects were found for parent smoking. At the community level, socioeconomic disadvantage was significant, but community-level variance in pro-social and drug-related laws/norms was not related to smoking. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Cross-level interactions were generally non-significant. Early teenage smoking was best explained by sibling and peer smoking, and individual risks largely accounted for the substantial variation observed across schools and communities. In terms of future tobacco control, findings point to the utility of targeting families in disadvantaged communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Due P, Krølner R, Rasmussen M, Andersen A, Trab Damsgaard M, Graham H, Holstein BE. Pathways and mechanisms in adolescence contribute to adult health inequalities. Scand J Public Health 2011; 39:62-78. [PMID: 21382850 DOI: 10.1177/1403494810395989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This paper presents a model that encompasses pathways and mechanisms working over adolescence that contribute to adult health inequalities. We review evidence on the four mechanisms: socially differential exposure, tracking, socially differential tracking, and socially differential vulnerability. METHODS We conducted literature searches in English-language peer-reviewed journals using PubMed (from 1966 to May 2009) and PsycINFO, and combined these with hand-searches of reference lists, journals, and authors of particular relevance. RESULTS Most health indicators are socially patterned in adolescence and track into adulthood, with higher risks of adverse outcomes among individuals from lower socioeconomic positions. Adolescent health behaviours track into adulthood. Smoking, physical activity, and especially fruit and vegetable intake are socially patterned, while evidence for social patterning of alcohol use is less consistent. Relational dimensions like lone parenthood and bullying are socially patterned and track over time, and there are indications of a socially differential vulnerability to the effects of these types of relational strain. Very little research has investigated the social patterning of the above indicators over time or studied social vulnerability of these indicators from adolescence to adulthood. However, all four mechanisms seem to be active in establishing social differences in adult educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS We find the Adolescent Pathway Model useful for providing an overview of what elements and mechanisms in adolescence may be of special importance for adult health inequalities. There is a lack of knowledge of how social patterns of health, health behaviours, and social relations in adolescence transfer into adulthood and to what extent they reflect themselves in adult health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Morrell HER, Song AV, Halpern-Felsher BL. Predicting adolescent perceptions of the risks and benefits of cigarette smoking: a longitudinal investigation. Health Psychol 2011; 29:610-7. [PMID: 20939640 DOI: 10.1037/a0021237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate developmental changes, personal smoking experiences, and vicarious smoking experiences as predictors of adolescents' perceptions of the risks and benefits of cigarette smoking over time, and to identify new and effective targets for youth smoking prevention programs. DESIGN There were 395 adolescents surveyed every 6 months for two school years, from the beginning of 9th grade to the end of 10th grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time, participant smoking, friend smoking, parental smoking, and sex were evaluated as predictors of smoking-related short-term risk perceptions, long-term risk perceptions, and benefits perceptions using multilevel modeling techniques. RESULTS Perceptions of benefits did not change over time. Perceptions of risk decreased with time, but not after sex and parental smoking were included in the model. Adolescents with personal smoking experience reported decreasing perceptions of risk and increasing perceptions of benefits over time. Adolescents with more than 6 friends who smoked also reported increasing perceptions of benefits over time. CONCLUSIONS Changes in risk perceptions may not purely be the result of developmental processes, but may also be influenced by personal and vicarious experience with smoking. Findings highlight the importance of identifying and targeting modifiable factors that may influence perceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly E R Morrell
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sullivan KM, Bottorff J, Reid C. Does mother's smoking influence girls' smoking more than boys' smoking? A 20-year review of the literature using a sex- and gender-based analysis. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:656-68. [PMID: 21043790 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2010.528122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A systematic literature review was conducted to examine whether mother's smoking influences girls' smoking more than boys' smoking. Fifty-seven studies, published between 1989 and 2009, were analyzed using a sex and gender lens. Results indicate that mother's prenatal and postnatal smoking influences girls' smoking more than boys' smoking. Despite evidence that sex and gender are important determinants of smoking among adolescents when examined in relation to mother's smoking, the theoretical understanding of why girls are more likely to smoke if prenatally and postnatally exposed to mother's smoking remains unclear. Implications for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Maud Sullivan
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Henriksen L, Schleicher NC, Feighery EC, Fortmann SP. A longitudinal study of exposure to retail cigarette advertising and smoking initiation. Pediatrics 2010; 126:232-8. [PMID: 20643725 PMCID: PMC3046636 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence suggests that widespread advertising for cigarettes at the point of sale encourages adolescents to smoke; however, no longitudinal study of exposure to retail tobacco advertising and smoking behavior has been reported. METHODS A school-based survey included 1681 adolescents (aged 11-14 years) who had never smoked. One measure of exposure assessed the frequency of visiting types of stores that contain the most cigarette advertising. A more detailed measure combined data about visiting stores near school with observations of cigarette advertisements and pack displays in those stores. Follow-up surveys 12 and 30 months after baseline (retention rate: 81%) documented the transition from never to ever smoking, even just a puff. RESULTS After 12 months, 18% of adolescents initiated smoking, but the incidence was 29% among students who visited convenience, liquor, or small grocery stores at least twice per week and 9% among those who reported the lowest visit frequency (less than twice per month). Adjusting for multiple risk factors, the odds of initiation remained significantly higher (odds ratio: 1.64 [95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.55]) for adolescents who reported moderate visit frequency (0.5-1.9 visits per week), and the odds of initiation more than doubled for those who visited > or = 2 times per week (odds ratio: 2.58 [95% confidence interval: 1.68-3.97]). Similar associations were observed for the more detailed exposure measure and persisted at 30 months. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to retail cigarette advertising is a risk factor for smoking initiation. Policies and parenting practices that limit adolescents' exposure to retail cigarette advertising could improve smoking prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henriksen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1334, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Context, relationship transitions and conflict: explaining outcomes for Australian youth from non-intact families. JOURNAL OF POPULATION RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12546-010-9033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Body mass index and smoking: cross-sectional study of a representative sample of adolescents in Denmark. Int J Public Health 2010; 55:307-14. [PMID: 20094754 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-009-0115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between body mass index (BMI) and smoking (at all and daily smoking) stratified by gender, family social class, and ethnicity among adolescents aged between 13 and 15. METHODS The analyses were based on the Danish contribution to the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey in 2002 with self-reported data on height, weight, and smoking behaviour. The study population comprised 3,072 students aged between 13 and 15 (1,512 boys and 1,560 girls). Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association. RESULTS Odds of at all smoking by BMI (per step) was 1.10 (95% CI 1.03-1.17) among boys but there was no association among girls (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.04). No significant association was found for daily smoking and BMI. The association between at all smoking and BMI (per step) was significant among boys of middle social class (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24) and Danish ethnicity (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19). CONCLUSION Significant association exists between smoking and BMI among boys of Danish ethnicity and middle family social class only.
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Macleod J, Hickman M, Bowen E, Alati R, Tilling K, Smith GD. Parental drug use, early adversities, later childhood problems and children's use of tobacco and alcohol at age 10: birth cohort study. Addiction 2008; 103:1731-43. [PMID: 18705686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among children at age 10 years and to investigate possible influences on this. DESIGN Birth cohort study. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6895 children provided data at age 10. MEASUREMENTS Parental tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, parental social position, children's intelligence, behavioural and emotional problems, children's tobacco and alcohol use at age 10. FINDINGS A total of 1.3% of children reported smoking and 1.8% reported drinking alcohol, with boys reporting higher use than girls. Parental social disadvantage was the strongest predictor of children's smoking and also predicted children's alcohol use. Some of this association appeared to be mediated through the greater experience of childhood behavioural and cognitive problems among the disadvantaged. Parental smoking and paternal alcohol use had little independent influence on offspring drug use. Postnatal, rather than prenatal, maternal alcohol use predicted children's alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Strategies to prevent early initiation of tobacco and alcohol use should focus upon the reduction of childhood social disadvantage and the behavioural and cognitive problems associated with this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Macleod
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|