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Dhupar R, Powers AA, Eisenberg SH, Gemmill RM, Bardawil CE, Udoh HM, Cubitt A, Nangle LA, Soloff AC. Orchestrating Resilience: How Neuropilin-2 and Macrophages Contribute to Cardiothoracic Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1446. [PMID: 38592275 PMCID: PMC10934188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunity has evolved to balance the destructive nature of inflammation with wound healing to overcome trauma, infection, environmental insults, and rogue malignant cells. The inflammatory response is marked by overlapping phases of initiation, resolution, and post-resolution remodeling. However, the disruption of these events can lead to prolonged tissue damage and organ dysfunction, resulting long-term disease states. Macrophages are the archetypic phagocytes present within all tissues and are important contributors to these processes. Pleiotropic and highly plastic in their responses, macrophages support tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration, all while balancing immunologic self-tolerance with the clearance of noxious stimuli, pathogens, and malignant threats. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), a promiscuous co-receptor for growth factors, semaphorins, and integrins, has increasingly been recognized for its unique role in tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. Notably, recent studies have begun to elucidate the role of Nrp2 in both non-hematopoietic cells and macrophages with cardiothoracic disease. Herein, we describe the unique role of Nrp2 in diseases of the heart and lung, with an emphasis on Nrp2 in macrophages, and explore the potential to target Nrp2 as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Amy A. Powers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Seth H. Eisenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Robert M. Gemmill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Charles E. Bardawil
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Hannah M. Udoh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Andrea Cubitt
- aTyr Pharma, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (A.C.); (L.A.N.)
| | | | - Adam C. Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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Tee JH, Vijayakumar U, Shanmugasundaram M, Lam TYW, Liao W, Yang Y, Wong WSF, Ge R. Isthmin-1 attenuates allergic Asthma by stimulating adiponectin expression and alveolar macrophage efferocytosis in mice. Respir Res 2023; 24:269. [PMID: 37932719 PMCID: PMC10626717 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a common respiratory disease that significantly impacts human health. Through in silico analysis of human lung RNASeq, we found that asthmatic lungs display lower levels of Isthmin-1 (ISM1) expression than healthy lungs. ISM1 is an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein that is highly expressed in mouse lungs and bronchial epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis. However, how ISM1 influences asthma remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of ISM1 in allergic airway inflammation and uncover the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We investigated the pivotal role of ISM1 in airway inflammation using an ISM1 knockout mouse line (ISM1-/-) and challenged them with house dust mite (HDM) extract to induce allergic-like airway/lung inflammation. To examine the impact of ISM1 deficiency, we analyzed the infiltration of immune cells into the lungs and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of ISM1 by administering recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) via the intratracheal route to rescue the effects of ISM1 reduction in HDM-challenged mice. RNA-Seq, western blot, and fluorescence microscopy techniques were subsequently used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS ISM1-/- mice showed a pronounced worsening of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness upon HDM challenge. The heightened inflammation in ISM1-/- mice correlated with enhanced lung cell necroptosis, as indicated by higher pMLKL expression. Intratracheal delivery of rISM1 significantly reduced the number of eosinophils in BALF and goblet cell hyperplasia. Mechanistically, ISM1 stimulates adiponectin secretion by type 2 alveolar epithelial cells partially through the GRP78 receptor and enhances adiponectin-facilitated apoptotic cell clearance via alveolar macrophage efferocytosis. Reduced adiponectin expression under ISM1 deficiency also contributed to intensified necroptosis, prolonged inflammation, and heightened severity of airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that ISM1 functions to restrain airway hyperresponsiveness to HDM-triggered allergic-like airway/lung inflammation in mice, consistent with its persistent downregulation in human asthma. Direct administration of rISM1 into the airway alleviates airway inflammation and promotes immune cell clearance, likely by stimulating airway adiponectin production. These findings suggest that ISM1 has therapeutic potential for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Huat Tee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Udhaya Vijayakumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mahalakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Terence Y W Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
- Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Zhou L, Xu H. Feasibility of exercise therapy for children with asthma: a meta-analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1192929. [PMID: 37492220 PMCID: PMC10364120 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1192929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although numerous studies have demonstrated the clear benefits of exercise for people with asthma, controversy remains. This study evaluated the effects of sustained exercise types on lung function and quality of life in patients with asthma. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang database since January 2000 to August 2022 .included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of asthmatic children intervened with exercise. The outcomes were lung function and asthma-related quality of life. Fixed-effects model (I2≤50%) or random-effects model (I2>50%) was applied to calculate the pooled effects. Funnel plots were quantified to present publication bias, and a P value <0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Eventually, 15 trials conformed to the selection criteria. The exercise group significantly improved lung function (FEV1 and FVC) in asthmatic children compared with the control group. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (MD = 2.12, 95%CI = 0.70, 3.53; p = 0.003; I2 = 15%); Forced Vital Capacity (MD = 2.78, 95%CI = 1.26, 4.31; p = 0.0004; I2 = 56%). The immune system markers IL-6 and TNF-α, were significantly reduced in the exercise group. Interleukin-6 (MD = -0.49, 95%CI = -0.81, -0.17; p = 0.003; I2=0%); tumor necrosis factor-α (MD = -0.54, 95%CI = -0.92, -0.15; p = 0.006; I2 = 0%). That quality of life (PAQLQ) was significantly improved in children with asthma in the exercise group. PAQLQ-Total score (MD = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.46, 1.66; p = 0.006; I2 = 94%); PAQLQ-Emotional (MD = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.76, 1.06; p<0.00001; I2 = 90%); PAQLQ-symptoms (MD = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.71, 1.02; p<0.00001; I2 = 95%); PAQLQ-activities (MD = 1.20, 95%CI = 0.58, 1.82; p = 0.00001; I2 = 93%). Meta-analysis showed significant improvements in body composition in the exercise group. BMI (MD = -2.42, 95%CI = -4.40, 0.44; p = 0.02; I2 = 85%). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of exercise in improving pulmonary function index (FEV1, FVC), immune system (IL-6, TNF-α, Feno), exercise ability (6MWT), body composition (BMI), and quality of life (PAQLQ) in asthmatic children. Asthmatic children should regularly participate in physical exercise.
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Britt RD, Ruwanpathirana A, Ford ML, Lewis BW. Macrophages Orchestrate Airway Inflammation, Remodeling, and Resolution in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10451. [PMID: 37445635 PMCID: PMC10341920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous chronic inflammatory lung disease with endotypes that manifest different immune system profiles, severity, and responses to current therapies. Regardless of endotype, asthma features increased immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine release, and airway remodeling. Lung macrophages are also heterogenous in that there are separate subsets and, depending on the environment, different effector functions. Lung macrophages are important in recruitment of immune cells such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes that enhance allergic inflammation and initiate T helper cell responses. Persistent lung remodeling including mucus hypersecretion, increased airway smooth muscle mass, and airway fibrosis contributes to progressive lung function decline that is insensitive to current asthma treatments. Macrophages secrete inflammatory mediators that induce airway inflammation and remodeling. Additionally, lung macrophages are instrumental in protecting against pathogens and play a critical role in resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. This review summarizes current literature detailing the roles and existing knowledge gaps for macrophages as key inflammatory orchestrators in asthma pathogenesis. We also raise the idea that modulating inflammatory responses in lung macrophages is important for alleviating asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D. Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anushka Ruwanpathirana
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Maria L. Ford
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brandon W. Lewis
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
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Dhakal B, Li CMY, Ramezanpour M, Houtak G, Li R, Bouras G, Collela A, Chegeni N, Chataway TK, Drew P, Sallustio BC, Vreugde S, Smith E, Maddern G, Licari G, Fenix K. Proteomic characterisation of perhexiline treatment on THP-1 M1 macrophage differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1054588. [PMID: 36993962 PMCID: PMC10040681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1054588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDysregulated inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Macrophage activation and polarisation are commonly involved in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of inflammation. Perhexiline (PHX), an antianginal drug, has been suggested to modulate macrophage function, but the molecular effects of PHX on macrophages are unknown. In this study we investigated the effect of PHX treatment on macrophage activation and polarization and reveal the underlying proteomic changes induced.MethodsWe used an established protocol to differentiate human THP-1 monocytes into M1 or M2 macrophages involving three distinct, sequential stages (priming, rest, and differentiation). We examined the effect of PHX treatment at each stage on the polarization into either M1 or M2 macrophages using flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative changes in the proteome were investigated using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA MS).ResultsPHX treatment promoted M1 macrophage polarization, including increased STAT1 and CCL2 expression and IL-1β secretion. This effect occurred when PHX was added at the differentiation stage of the M1 cultures. Proteomic profiling of PHX treated M1 cultures identified changes in metabolic (fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation) and immune signalling (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Rho GTPase and interferon) pathways.ConclusionThis is the first study to report on the action of PHX on THP-1 macrophage polarization and the associated changes in the proteome of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Dhakal
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Celine Man Ying Li
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ghais Houtak
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Runhao Li
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - George Bouras
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alex Collela
- Flinders Omics Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nusha Chegeni
- Flinders Omics Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tim Kennion Chataway
- Flinders Omics Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Drew
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benedetta C. Sallustio
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Giovanni Licari
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kevin Fenix
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kevin Fenix,
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Liu J, Lu H, Hu S, Wang F, Tang X, Wan H, Luo F. Transcriptomic profiles of age-related genes in female trachea and bronchus. Front Genet 2023; 14:1120350. [PMID: 36968579 PMCID: PMC10031059 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies demonstrated that age-related cellular and functional changes of airway significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of many airway diseases. However, our understanding on the age-related molecular alterations of human airway remains inadequate.Methods: Airway (trachea and bronchus) brushing specimens were collected from 14 healthy, female non-smokers with ages ranging from 20 to 60 years. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on all the specimens (n = 28). Airway cell types and their relative proportions were estimated using CIBERSORTx. The cell type proportions were compared between the younger (age 20–40) and elder group (age 40–60) in the trachea and bronchus respectively. The linear association between cell type proportion and age was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two age groups were identified using DESeq2. Three kinds of enrichment analysis of the age-related DEGs were performed, including Gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and disease enrichment analysis.Results: Sixteen and thirteen cell types were separately identified in tracheal and bronchial brushings, with the airway epithelial cells (including suprabasal, submucosal gland (SMG) goblet, serous, secretory, multiciliated, cycling.basal, basal cells) accounting for 85.1% in the trachea and 92.5% in the bronchus. The lymphatic cell and NK cells had a higher abundance ratio in the trachea, compared with the bronchus. The proportion of basal cells was negatively related to age both in the trachea and bronchus. Thirty-one and fifty-two age-related DEGs (p < 0.1) were identified in the trachea and bronchus, respectively. Among them, five common DEGs (CXCL2, CXCL8, TCIM, P4HA3, AQP10) were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis showed both tracheal and bronchial age-related DEGs were primarily involved in immune regulatory signaling pathways (TNF, NF-kappa B, IL-17 et al.). Disease enrichment analysis suggested that tracheal age-related DEGs significantly related to asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia, and chronic airflow obstruction et al., and that bronchial age-related DEGs were enriched in airflow obstruction, bronchiectasis, pulmonary emphysema, and low respiratory tract infection et al.Conclusion: We found the proportion of basal cells decreased with age in both the trachea and bronchus, suggesting a weakening of their self-renew ability with age. We identified transcriptomic signature genes associated with the early aging process of the human trachea and bronchus, and provided evidence to support that changes in their immune regulatory function may play critical roles in age-related airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Faping Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoju Tang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huajing Wan
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huajing Wan, ; Fengming Luo,
| | - Fengming Luo
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huajing Wan, ; Fengming Luo,
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Arora S, Tagde P, Alam S, Akram W, Naved T, Gupta S. Influence of toll-like receptor-4 antagonist on bacterial load of asthma in Swiss albino mice: targeting TLR4/MD2 complex pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32854-32865. [PMID: 36472742 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and environmental issues significantly impact life, resulting in the emergence and exacerbation of allergic asthma and other chronic respiratory infections. The main objective of this study is to suppress allergic asthma by TAK-242 from lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation primarily stimulating toll-like receptor-4, and also to determine the potential mechanism of asthma eradication. The TAK-242 anti-allergic action was assured through the ovalbumin murine model of asthma via bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation of the respiration tract in a pre-existing allergic inflammation paradigm. Swiss albino mice were sensitized and then challenged by ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide for 5 days straight. TAK-242 reaction was assessed by inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory cell count was determined from blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as group-wise regular weight assessments. After ovalbumin, lipopolysaccharide infusion, toll-like receptor-4 agonists caused a substantial increase in airway hyperresponsiveness, specific cellular inflammation, histological alterations, and immune mediator synthesis, as well as dose-related body-weight variations. A decrease in lipopolysaccharide-induced leukocyte count and Th1/Th17 related cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression through the ELISA study was particularly noticeable. Finally in treated groups, TAK-242, a TLR4/MD2 complex inhibitor, reduced airway inflammation and histopathological changes, cytokine expression, and body-weight management. TAK-242 has been found in an ovalbumin allergic asthma model to be a potential inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-induced respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamita Arora
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P. 201303, India
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P. 201303, India.
| | - Sanjar Alam
- R.V. Northland Institute of Pharmacy, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P. 203207, India
| | - Wasim Akram
- R.V. Northland Institute of Pharmacy, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P. 203207, India
| | - Tanveer Naved
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P. 201303, India
| | - Sangeetha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P. 201303, India.
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Dong H, Yang W, Li W, Zhu S, Zhu L, Gao P, Hao Y. New insights into autophagy in inflammatory subtypes of asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156086. [PMID: 37090692 PMCID: PMC10117973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous airway disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Autophagy is a self-degrading process that helps maintain cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In the context of asthma, autophagy has been shown to be associated with inflammation, airway remodeling, and responsiveness to drug therapy. In-depth characterization of the role of autophagy in asthma can enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of new biomarkers and targeted therapy for asthma. In this article, we focus on the relationship of autophagy and asthma, and discuss its implications for asthma pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Simin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Gao, ; Yuqiu Hao,
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Gao, ; Yuqiu Hao,
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9
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Efferocytosis in lung mucosae: implications for health and disease. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:109-118. [PMID: 35843361 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is imperative to maintain lung homeostasis and control inflammation. Populations of lung macrophages are the main efferocytes in this tissue, responsible for controlling immune responses and avoiding unrestrained inflammation and autoimmunity through the expression of a plethora of receptors that recognize multiple 'eat me' signals on apoptotic cells. Efferocytosis is essentially anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic. However, in some situations, apoptotic cells phagocytosis can elicit inflammatory and immunogenic immune responses. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of the mechanisms of efferocytosis, and how any abnormality in this process may have an important contribution to the lung pathophysiology of many chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. Further, we consider the consequences of the dual role of efferocytosis on the susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary microbial infections. Understanding how efferocytosis works in different contexts will be useful to the development of new and more effective strategies to control the diversity of lung diseases.
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Fricker M, Qin L, Sánchez‐Ovando S, Simpson JL, Baines KJ, Riveros C, Scott HA, Wood LG, Wark PAB, Kermani NZ, Chung KF, Gibson PG. An altered sputum macrophage transcriptome contributes to the neutrophilic asthma endotype. Allergy 2022; 77:1204-1215. [PMID: 34510493 PMCID: PMC9541696 DOI: 10.1111/all.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a clinically important asthma phenotype, the cellular and molecular basis of which is not completely understood. Airway macrophages are long‐lived immune cells that exert important homeostatic and inflammatory functions which are dysregulated in asthma. Unique transcriptomic programmes reflect varied macrophage phenotypes in vitro. We aimed to determine whether airway macrophages are transcriptomically altered in NA. Methods We performed RNASeq analysis on flow cytometry‐isolated sputum macrophages comparing NA (n = 7) and non‐neutrophilic asthma (NNA, n = 13). qPCR validation of RNASeq results was performed (NA n = 13, NNA n = 23). Pathway analysis (PANTHER, STRING) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to test for enrichment of NA macrophage transcriptomic signatures in whole sputum microarray (cohort 1 ‐ controls n = 16, NA n = 29, NNA n = 37; cohort 2 U‐BIOPRED ‐ controls n = 16, NA n = 47, NNA n = 57). Results Flow cytometry‐sorting significantly enriched sputum macrophages (99.4% post‐sort, 44.9% pre‐sort, p < .05). RNASeq analysis confirmed macrophage purity and identified DEGs in NA macrophages. Selected DEGs (SLAMF7, DYSF, GPR183, CSF3, PI3, CCR7, all p < .05 NA vs. NNA) were confirmed by qPCR. Pathway analysis of NA macrophage DEGs was consistent with responses to bacteria, contribution to neutrophil recruitment and increased expression of phagocytosis and efferocytosis factors. GSVA demonstrated neutrophilic macrophage gene signatures were significantly enriched in whole sputum microarray in NA vs. NNA and controls in both cohorts. Conclusions We demonstrate a pathophysiologically relevant sputum macrophage transcriptomic programme in NA. The finding that there is transcriptional activation of inflammatory programmes in cell types other than neutrophils supports the concept of NA as a specific endotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Excellence in Severe Asthma Newcastle NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Stephany Sánchez‐Ovando
- School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Jodie L. Simpson
- School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Katherine J. Baines
- School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Statistical services (CReDITSS) Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Hayley A. Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Peter AB. Wark
- School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Nazanin Z. Kermani
- Data Science Institute Imperial College London London UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Data Science Institute Imperial College London London UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Excellence in Severe Asthma Newcastle NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle NSW Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital Newcastle NSW Australia
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11
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Immormino RM, Jania CM, Tilley SL, Moran TP. Neuropilin‐2 regulates airway inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma model. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e575. [PMID: 34861108 PMCID: PMC8926497 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a heterogenous disease that can be classified into eosinophilic (type 2‐high) and noneosinophilic (type 2‐low) endotypes. The type 2‐low endotype of asthma can be characterized by the presence of neutrophilic airway inflammation that is poorly responsive to corticosteroids. Dysregulated innate immune responses to microbial products including Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands have been associated with the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. The key molecules that regulate inflammatory responses in individuals with neutrophilic asthma remain unclear. We previously reported that the immunoregulatory receptor neuropilin‐2 (NRP2) is expressed by murine and human alveolar macrophage (AM) and suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. Methods Here, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of NRP2 in a mouse model of neutrophilic asthma. Results We found that TLR ligands, but not T helper 2 (Th2)‐promoting adjuvants, induced NRP2 expression by AM. Using an LPS‐mediated model of neutrophilic asthma, we demonstrate that NRP2 was increased in AM and other lung antigen‐presenting cells following airway challenge with antigen. Conditional deletion of NRP2 in myeloid cells exacerbated airway inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma model. In contrast, myeloid‐specific ablation of NRP2 did not affect airway inflammation in a Th2‐mediated eosinophilic asthma model. Myeloid‐specific ablation of NRP2 did not affect Th1/Th17 responses to inhaled antigens or expression of neutrophil chemokines but rather resulted in impaired efferocytosis by AM, which is necessary for effective resolution of airway inflammation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that NRP2 is a negative regulator of airway inflammation associated with neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Immormino
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Corey M. Jania
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephen L. Tilley
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Timothy P. Moran
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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12
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Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:827-854. [PMID: 36305904 PMCID: PMC9614767 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium working hand in hand with an intricate fine-tuned tissue-resident immune cell network. Lung tissue-resident immune cells span across the innate and adaptive immunity and protect from infectious agents but can also prove to be pathogenic if dysregulated. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune cell subtypes comprising lung-resident immunity and discuss their ontogeny and role in distinct respiratory diseases. An improved understanding of the role of lung-resident immunity and how its function is dysregulated under pathological conditions can shed light on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
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13
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Uddin MB, Sajib EH, Hoque SF, Hassan MM, Ahmed SSU. Macrophages in respiratory system. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN MICROBIAL DIVERSITY 2022:299-333. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822368-0.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ding J, Liu P. Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:13. [PMID: 34779503 PMCID: PMC8600411 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells performed by both specialized phagocytes (such as macrophages) and non‑specialized phagocytes (such as epithelial cells), is involved in tissue repair and homeostasis. Effective efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis, terminates inflammatory responses, promotes self‑tolerance and activates pro‑resolving pathways to maintain homeostasis. When efferocytosis is impaired, apoptotic cells that could not be cleared in time aggregate, resulting in the necrosis of apoptotic cells and release of pro‑inflammatory factors. In addition, defective efferocytosis inhibits the intracellular cholesterol reverse transportation pathways, which may lead to atherosclerosis, lung damage, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative diseases. The uncleared apoptotic cells can also release autoantigens, which can cause autoimmune diseases. Cancer cells escape from phagocytosis via efferocytosis. Therefore, new treatment strategies for diseases related to defective efferocytosis are proposed. This review illustrated the mechanisms of efferocytosis in multisystem diseases and organismal homeostasis and the pathophysiological consequences of defective efferocytosis. Several drugs and treatments available to enhance efferocytosis are also mentioned in the review, serving as new evidence for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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15
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Hey J, Paulsen M, Toth R, Weichenhan D, Butz S, Schatterny J, Liebers R, Lutsik P, Plass C, Mall MA. Epigenetic reprogramming of airway macrophages promotes polarization and inflammation in muco-obstructive lung disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6520. [PMID: 34764283 PMCID: PMC8586227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and COPD, are characterized by mucus obstruction and chronic airway inflammation, but their mechanistic link remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the function of the mucostatic airway microenvironment on epigenetic reprogramming of airway macrophages (AM) and resulting transcriptomic and phenotypical changes. Using a mouse model of muco-obstructive lung disease (Scnn1b-transgenic), we identify epigenetically controlled, differentially regulated pathways and transcription factors involved in inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization. Functionally, AMs from Scnn1b-transgenic mice have reduced efferocytosis and phagocytosis, and excessive inflammatory responses upon lipopolysaccharide challenge, mediated through enhanced Irf1 function and expression. Ex vivo stimulation of wild-type AMs with native mucus impairs efferocytosis and phagocytosis capacities. In addition, mucus induces gene expression changes, comparable with those observed in AMs from Scnn1b-transgenic mice. Our data show that mucostasis induces epigenetic reprogramming of AMs, leading to changes favoring tissue damage and disease progression. Targeting these altered AMs may support therapeutic approaches in patients with muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschka Hey
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Paulsen
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Reka Toth
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Butz
- grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jolanthe Schatterny
- grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Liebers
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.461742.2Present Address: National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.484013.aBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452624.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Martinez J, Cook DN. What's the deal with efferocytosis and asthma? Trends Immunol 2021; 42:904-919. [PMID: 34503911 PMCID: PMC9843639 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal sites, such as the lung, serve as crucial, yet vulnerable barriers to environmental insults such as pathogens, allergens, and toxins. Often, these exposures induce massive infiltration and death of short-lived immune cells in the lung, and efficient clearance of these cells is important for preventing hyperinflammation and resolving immunopathology. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of efferocytosis, a process whereby phagocytes clear dead cells in a noninflammatory manner. We further discuss how efferocytosis impacts the onset and severity of asthma in humans and mammalian animal models of disease. Finally, we explore how recently identified genetic perturbations or biological pathway modulations affect pathogenesis and shed light on novel therapies aimed at treating or preventing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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17
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Ross EA, Devitt A, Johnson JR. Macrophages: The Good, the Bad, and the Gluttony. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708186. [PMID: 34456917 PMCID: PMC8397413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the plasticity of macrophages and how these cells contribute to the development of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, with a particular focus on allergic and autoimmune disorders. The critical roles of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation will then be examined, emphasizing the ability of macrophages to clear apoptotic immune cells. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-driven spectrum of diseases where persistent inflammation results in synovial hyperplasia and excessive immune cell accumulation, leading to remodeling and reduced function in affected joints. Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of RA, driving episodic cycles of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. RA patients have increased numbers of active M1 polarized pro-inflammatory macrophages and few or inactive M2 type cells. This imbalance in macrophage homeostasis is a main contributor to pro-inflammatory mediators in RA, resulting in continual activation of immune and stromal populations and accelerated tissue remodeling. Modulation of macrophage phenotype and function remains a key therapeutic goal for the treatment of this disease. Intriguingly, therapeutic intervention with glucocorticoids or other DMARDs promotes the re-polarization of M1 macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype; this reprogramming is dependent on metabolic changes to promote phenotypic switching. Allergic asthma is associated with Th2-polarised airway inflammation, structural remodeling of the large airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Macrophage polarization has a profound impact on asthma pathogenesis, as the response to allergen exposure is regulated by an intricate interplay between local immune factors including cytokines, chemokines and danger signals from neighboring cells. In the Th2-polarized environment characteristic of allergic asthma, high levels of IL-4 produced by locally infiltrating innate lymphoid cells and helper T cells promote the acquisition of an alternatively activated M2a phenotype in macrophages, with myriad effects on the local immune response and airway structure. Targeting regulators of macrophage plasticity is currently being pursued in the treatment of allergic asthma and other allergic diseases. Macrophages promote the re-balancing of pro-inflammatory responses towards pro-resolution responses and are thus central to the success of an inflammatory response. It has long been established that apoptosis supports monocyte and macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation, facilitating subsequent corpse clearance. This drives resolution responses and mediates a phenotypic switch in the polarity of macrophages. However, the role of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEV) in the recruitment and control of macrophage phenotype has received remarkably little attention. ACdEV are powerful mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a wealth of lipid and protein mediators that may modulate macrophage phenotype, including a cargo of active immune-modulating enzymes. The impact of such interactions may result in repair or disease in different contexts. In this review, we will discuss the origin, characterization, and activity of macrophages in sterile inflammatory diseases and the underlying mechanisms of macrophage polarization via ACdEV and apoptotic cell clearance, in order to provide new insights into therapeutic strategies that could exploit the capabilities of these agile and responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Ross
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jill R Johnson
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Yu Y, Zhou Y, Di C, Zhao C, Chen J, Su W, Wu Q, Wu M, Su X, Xia Z. Increased airway epithelial cell-derived exosomes activate macrophage-mediated allergic inflammation via CD100 shedding. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8850-8862. [PMID: 34414666 PMCID: PMC8435458 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) participate in allergic airway inflammation by producing mediators in response to allergen stimulation. Whether ovalbumin (OVA) challenge promotes exosome release from AECs (OVA‐challenged AEC‐derived exosomes (OAEs)), thereby affecting airway inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is unknown. Our study showed that AECs released an increased number of exosomes after OVA challenge, and the expression of Plexin B2 (PLXNB2; a natural CD100 ligand) was increased by a massive 85.7‐fold in OAEs than in PBS‐treated AEC‐derived exosomes (PAEs). CD100+F4/80+ macrophages engulfed OAEs to trigger the transcription of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Plxnb2 transcripts increased in asthmatic lungs, and similarly, PLXNB2 protein was highly enriched in exosomes purified from asthmatic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Furthermore, aspiration of PLXNB2 or OAEs increased the recruitment of lung neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells in OVA‐challenged mice. Mechanistically, OAE aspiration enhanced the cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, which manifested as an increase in the soluble CD100 (sCD100) level in BAL fluid and lung homogenates. Knockdown of Mmp14 in macrophages prevented the cleavage of CD100 and reduced Ccl2, Ccl5 and Cxcl2 transcription. These data indicate that PLXNB2‐containing OAEs aggravate airway asthmatic inflammation via cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, suggesting potential therapeutic targets of OAE‐mediated asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Abdo M, Uddin M, Goldmann T, Marwitz S, Bahmer T, Holz O, Kirsten AM, Trinkmann F, von Mutius E, Kopp M, Hansen G, Rabe KF, Watz H, Pedersen F. Raised sputum extracellular DNA confers lung function impairment and poor symptom control in an exacerbation-susceptible phenotype of neutrophilic asthma. Respir Res 2021; 22:167. [PMID: 34082773 PMCID: PMC8173872 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular DNA (e-DNA) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are linked to asthmatics airway inflammation. However, data demonstrating the characterization of airway inflammation associated with excessive e-DNA production and its impact on asthma outcomes are limited. Objective To characterize the airway inflammation associated with excessive e-DNA production and its association with asthma control, severe exacerbations and pulmonary function, particularly, air trapping and small airway dysfunction. Methods We measured e-DNA concentrations in induced sputum from 134 asthma patients and 28 healthy controls. We studied the correlation of e-DNA concentrations with sputum neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Lung function was evaluated using spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry and inert gas multiple breath washout. We stratified patients with asthma into low-DNA and high-DNA to compare lung function impairments and asthma outcomes. Results Patients with severe asthma had higher e-DNA concentration (54.2 ± 42.4 ng/µl) than patients with mild-moderate asthma (41.0 ± 44.1 ng/µl) or healthy controls (26.1 ± 16.5 ng/µl), (all p values < 0.05). E-DNA concentrations correlated directly with sputum neutrophils (R = 0.49, p < 0.0001) and negatively with sputum macrophages (R = − 0.36, p < 0.0001), but neither with sputum eosinophils (R = 0.10, p = 0.26), nor with FeNO (R = − 0.10, p = 0.22). We found that 29% of asthma patients (n = 39) had high e-DNA concentrations above the upper 95th percentile value in healthy controls (55.6 ng /μl). High-DNA was associated with broad lung function impairments including: airflow obstruction of the large (FEV1) and small airways (FEF50%, FEF25–75), increased air trapping (RV, RV/TLC), increased small airway resistance (R5-20, sReff), decreased lung elasticity (X5Hz) and increased ventilation heterogeneity (LCI), (all P values < 0.05). We also found that high e-DNA was associated with nearly three-fold greater risk of severe exacerbations (OR 2·93 [95% CI 1.2–7.5]; p = 0·012), worse asthma control test (p = 0.03), worse asthma control questionnaire scores (p = 0.01) and higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids (p = 0.026). Conclusion Increased production of extracellular DNA in the airway characterizes a subset of neutrophilic asthma patients who have broad lung function impairments, poor symptom control and increased risk of severe exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdo
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Department for Internal Medicine I, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Trinkmann
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Heinrich-Lanz-Center, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Luebeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany. .,Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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20
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Shi B, Li W, Hao Y, Dong H, Cao W, Guo J, Gao P. Characteristics of inflammatory phenotypes among patients with asthma: relationships of blood count parameters with sputum cellular phenotypes. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:47. [PMID: 33975625 PMCID: PMC8111745 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to identify the asthma inflammatory phenotypes of patients to facilitate personalized asthma treatment. Sputum induction is time-consuming and requires expert clinical technique. This study aimed to assess the distribution and characteristics of asthma inflammatory phenotypes in Jilin Province, China; it also aimed to identify an easier method for characterization of an asthma phenotype, rather than sputum cellular analysis. METHODS In this study, 232 asthma patients underwent sputum induction following clinical assessment and blood collection. Inflammatory cell counts in sputum were used to classify asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Spearman correlation coefficient analyses were used to identify correlations between clinical parameters. RESULTS Among the included patients, there had 52.1% paucigranulocytic, 38.4% eosinophilic, 4.3% neutrophilic, and 5.2% mixed granulocytic asthma phenotypes, respectively. In total, 129 (55.6%) patients had asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO); these patients had higher proportion of smokers, higher sputum neutrophil count, worse lung function, and worse asthma control, compared with patients who had asthma alone (p < 0.05). Sputum eosinophil/neutrophil counts were positively correlated with blood eosinophil/neutrophil counts (p < 0.01). To identify the presence of sputum eosinophil proportion ≥ 3%, optimal cut-off values for blood eosinophil count and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were 0.2 × 109/L and 30.25 ppd (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.744; AUC = 0.653, p < 0.001). AUCs did not significantly differ between FeNO and blood eosinophil count (p = 0.162), but both exhibited poor specificity (57% and 49%, respectively). To identify the presence of sputum neutrophil proportion ≥ 61%, the optimal cut-off value for blood neutrophil proportion was 69.3% (AUC = 0.691, p = 0.0003); however, this exhibited poor sensitivity (50%). CONCLUSIONS Paucigranulocytic asthma was the most common phenotype, followed by eosinophilic asthma. Higher proportion of smokers, poor patient compliance, insufficient treatment, and poor asthma control may have been the main causes of high ACO proportion among patients in this study. Blood eosinophil/neutrophil counts exhibited poor specificity and sensitivity for prediction of airway eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Hongna Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Department of Science and Education, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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21
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Cremades-Jimeno L, de Pedro MÁ, López-Ramos M, Sastre J, Mínguez P, Fernández IM, Baos S, Cárdaba B. Prioritizing Molecular Biomarkers in Asthma and Respiratory Allergy Using Systems Biology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640791. [PMID: 33936056 PMCID: PMC8081895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergy remain a pressing health challenge. Currently, there is an unmet need for precise diagnostic tools capable of predicting the great heterogeneity of these illnesses. In a previous study of 94 asthma/respiratory allergy biomarker candidates, we defined a group of potential biomarkers to distinguish clinical phenotypes (i.e. nonallergic asthma, allergic asthma, respiratory allergy without asthma) and disease severity. Here, we analyze our experimental results using complex algorithmic approaches that establish holistic disease models (systems biology), combining these insights with information available in specialized databases developed worldwide. With this approach, we aim to prioritize the most relevant biomarkers according to their specificity and mechanistic implication with molecular motifs of the diseases. The Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (Anaxomics’ TPMS technology) was used to generate one mathematical model per disease: allergic asthma (AA), non-allergic asthma (NA), and respiratory allergy (RA), defining specific molecular motifs for each. The relationship of our molecular biomarker candidates and each disease was analyzed by artificial neural networks (ANNs) scores. These analyses prioritized molecular biomarkers specific to the diseases and to particular molecular motifs. As a first step, molecular characterization of the pathophysiological processes of AA defined 16 molecular motifs: 2 specific for AA, 2 shared with RA, and 12 shared with NA. Mechanistic analysis showed 17 proteins that were strongly related to AA. Eleven proteins were associated with RA and 16 proteins with NA. Specificity analysis showed that 12 proteins were specific to AA, 7 were specific to RA, and 2 to NA. Finally, a triggering analysis revealed a relevant role for AKT1, STAT1, and MAPK13 in all three conditions and for TLR4 in asthmatic diseases (AA and NA). In conclusion, this study has enabled us to prioritize biomarkers depending on the functionality associated with each disease and with specific molecular motifs, which could improve the definition and usefulness of new molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles de Pedro
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María López-Ramos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mínguez
- Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which changes in macrophage polarization have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis. The present review discusses the contribution of changes in macrophage function to asthma related to polarization changes and elaborates on possible therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage function and polarization. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophage function alterations were shown to contribute to asthma pathology in several ways. One is by impaired phagocytosis and efferocytosis. Another is by changing inflammation, by altered (anti)inflammatory cytokine production and induction of the inflammasome. Finally, macrophages can contribute to remodeling in asthma, although little evidence is present in humans yet.Novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages include dampening inflammation by changing polarization or by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, and by targeting efferocytosis. However, many of these studies were performed in animal models leaving their translation to the clinic for future research. SUMMARY The present review emphasizes the contribution of altered macrophage function to asthma, gives insight in possible new therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages, and indicates which knowledge gaps remain open.
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23
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Papanicolaou A, Wang H, Satzke C, Vlahos R, Wilson N, Bozinovski S. Novel Therapies for Pneumonia-Associated Severe Asthma Phenotypes. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1047-1058. [PMID: 32828703 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Distinct asthma phenotypes are emerging from well-defined cohort studies and appear to be associated with a history of pneumonia. Asthmatics are more susceptible to infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, the mechanisms that underlie defective immunity to this pathogen are still being elucidated. Here, we discuss how alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) in asthmatics are defective in bacterial phagocytosis and how respiratory viruses disrupt essential host immunity to cause bacterial dispersion deeper into the lungs. We also describe how respiratory pathogens instigate neutrophilic inflammation and amplify type-2 inflammation in asthmatics. Finally, we propose novel dual-acting strategies including granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) antagonism and specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) to suppress type-2 and neutrophilic inflammation without compromising pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Papanicolaou
- Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Steven Bozinovski
- Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Pai S, Muruganandah V, Kupz A. What lies beneath the airway mucosal barrier? Throwing the spotlight on antigen-presenting cell function in the lower respiratory tract. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1158. [PMID: 32714552 PMCID: PMC7376394 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of respiratory infectious and inflammatory diseases remains a major public health concern. Prevention and management strategies have not kept pace with the increasing incidence of these diseases. The airway mucosa is the most common portal of entry for infectious and inflammatory agents. Therefore, significant benefits would be derived from a detailed understanding of how immune responses regulate the filigree of the airways. Here, the role of different antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in the lower airways and the mechanisms used by pathogens to modulate APC function during infectious disease is reviewed. Features of APC that are unique to the airways and the influence they have on uptake and presentation of antigen to T cells directly in the airways are discussed. Current information on the crucial role that airway APC play in regulating respiratory infection is summarised. We examine the clinical implications of APC dysregulation in the airways on asthma and tuberculosis, two chronic diseases that are the major cause of illness and death in the developed and developing world. A brief overview of emerging therapies that specifically target APC function in the airways is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saparna Pai
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia
| | - Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia
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25
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Boonpiyathad T, Sözener ZC, Satitsuksanoa P, Akdis CA. Immunologic mechanisms in asthma. Semin Immunol 2019; 46:101333. [PMID: 31703832 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway disease, which affects more than 300 million people. The pathogenesis of asthma exhibits marked heterogeneity with many phenotypes defining visible characteristics and endotypes defining molecular mechanisms. With the evolution of novel biological therapies, patients, who do not-respond to conventional asthma therapy require novel biologic medications, such as anti-IgE, anti-IL-5 and anti-IL4/IL13 to control asthma symptoms. It is increasingly important for physicians to understand immunopathology of asthma and to characterize asthma phenotypes. Asthma is associated with immune system activation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), epithelial cell activation, mucus overproduction and airway remodeling. Both innate and adaptive immunity play roles in immunologic mechanisms of asthma. Type 2 asthma with eosinophilia is a common phenotype in asthma. It occurs with and without visible allergy. The type 2 endotype comprises; T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), IgE-secreting B cells and eosinophils. Eosinophilic nonallergic asthma is ILC2 predominated, which produces IL-5 to recruit eosinophil into the mucosal airway. The second major subgroup of asthma is non-type 2 asthma, which contains heterogeneous group of endoypes and phenotypes, such as exercise-induced asthma, obesity induced asthma, etc. Neutrophilic asthma is not induced by allergens but can be induced by infections, cigarette smoke and pollution. IL-17 which is produced by Th17 cells and type 3 ILCs, can stimulate neutrophilic airway inflammation. Macrophages, dendritic cells and NKT cells are all capable of producing cytokines that are known to contribute in allergic and nonallergic asthma. Bronchial epithelial cell activation and release of cytokines, such as IL-33, IL-25 and TSLP play a major role in asthma. Especially, allergens or environmental exposure to toxic agents, such as pollutants, diesel exhaust, detergents may affect the epithelial barrier leading to asthma development. In this review, we focus on the immunologic mechanism of heterogenous asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zeynep Celebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland; Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
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26
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Allard B, Panariti A, Pernet E, Downey J, Ano S, Dembele M, Nakada E, Fujii U, McGovern TK, Powell WS, Divangahi M, Martin JG. Tolerogenic signaling of alveolar macrophages induces lung adaptation to oxidative injury. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:945-961.e9. [PMID: 31356919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled oxidative toxicants present in ambient air cause airway epithelial injury, inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Effective adaptation to such environmental insults is essential for the preservation of pulmonary function, whereas failure or incomplete adaptation to oxidative injury can render the host susceptible to the development of airway disease. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore the mechanisms of airway adaptation to oxidative injury. METHODS For a model to study pulmonary adaptation to oxidative stress-induced lung injury, we exposed mice to repeated nose-only chlorine gas exposures. Outcome measures were evaluated 24 hours after the last chlorine exposure. Lung mechanics and airway responsiveness to methacholine were assessed by using the flexiVent. Inflammation and antioxidant responses were assessed in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Using both loss or gain of function and genomic approaches, we further dissected the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pulmonary adaptation. RESULTS Repeated exposures to oxidative stress resulted in pulmonary adaptation evidenced by abrogation of neutrophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. This adaptation was independent of antioxidant mechanisms and regulatory T cells but dependent on residential alveolar macrophages (AMs). Interestingly, 5% of AMs expressed forkhead box P3, and depletion of these cells abolished adaptation. Results from transcriptomic profiling and loss and gain of function suggest that adaptation might be dependent on TGF-β and prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSION Pulmonary adaptation during oxidative stress-induced lung injury is mediated by a novel subset of forkhead box P3-positive AMs that limits inflammation, favoring airway adaptation and host fitness through TGF-β and prostaglandin E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Allard
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alice Panariti
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Satoshi Ano
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marieme Dembele
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily Nakada
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Utako Fujii
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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27
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Huang P, Wei S, Huang W, Wu P, Chen S, Tao A, Wang H, Liang Z, Chen R, Yan J, Zhang Q. Hydrogen gas inhalation enhances alveolar macrophage phagocytosis in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105646. [PMID: 31200337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining an airway clear of bacteria, foreign particles and apoptotic cells by alveolar macrophages is very essential for lung homeostasis. In asthma, the phagocytic capacity of alveolar macrophages is significantly reduced, which is thought to be associated with increased oxidative stress. Hydrogen (H2) has been shown to exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, yet its effects on phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages are unknown. This study is aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on alveolar macrophage phagocytosis in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with OVA before they were subject to airway challenge with aerosolized OVA. Hydrogen gas was delivered to the mice through inhalation twice a day (2 h once) for 7 consecutive days. Phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed by fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli as well as flow cytometry. RESULTS Alveolar macrophages isolated from OVA-induced asthmatic mice showed decreased phagocytic capacity to Escherichia coli when compared with those of control mice. Defective phagocytosis in asthmatic mice was reversed by hydrogen gas inhalation. Hydrogen gas inhalation significantly alleviated OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia, diminished TH2 response and decreased IL-4 as well as IgE levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Concomitantly, hydrogen gas inhalation inhibited NF-κB activation and markedly activated Nrf2 pathway in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that hydrogen gas inhalation enhanced alveolar macrophage phagocytosis in OVA-induced asthmatic mice, which may be associated with the antioxidant effects of hydrogen gas and the activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikai Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Shushan Wei
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Wu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Healthcare; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Baos S, Calzada D, Cremades-Jimeno L, de Pedro M, Sastre J, Picado C, Quiralte J, Florido F, Lahoz C, Cárdaba B. Discriminatory Molecular Biomarkers of Allergic and Nonallergic Asthma and Its Severity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1051. [PMID: 31143187 PMCID: PMC6521078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease comprising various phenotypes and endotypes, all of which still need solid biomarkers for accurate classification. In a previous study, we defined specific genes related to asthma and respiratory allergy by studying the expression of 94 genes in a population composed of 4 groups of subjects: healthy control, nonallergic asthmatic, asthmatic allergic, and nonasthmatic allergic patients. An analysis of differential gene expression between controls and patients revealed a set of statistically relevant genes mainly associated with disease severity, i.e., CHI3L1, IL-8, IL-10, MSR1, PHLDA1, PI3, and SERPINB2. Here, we analyzed whether these genes and their proteins could be potential asthma biomarkers to distinguish between nonallergic asthmatic and asthmatic allergic subjects. Protein quantification was determined by ELISA (in serum) or Western blot (in protein extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or PBMCs). Statistical analyses were performed by unpaired t-test using the Graph-Pad program. The sensitivity and specificity of the gene and protein expression of several candidate biomarkers in differentiating the two groups (and the severity subgroups) was performed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using the R program. The ROC curve analysis determined single genes with good sensitivity and specificity for discriminating some of the phenotypes. However, interesting combinations of two or three protein biomarkers were found to distinguish the asthma disease and disease severity between the different phenotypes of this pathology using reproducible techniques in easy-to-obtain samples. Gene and protein panels formed by single biomarkers and biomarker combinations have been defined in easily obtainable samples and by standardized techniques. These panels could be useful for characterizing phenotypes of asthma, specifically when differentiating asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Calzada
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquín Sastre
- CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Picado
- CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Pulmonology Department, Clinic de Barcelona Hospital, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Allergy Department, Vírgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Florido
- Allergy Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Lahoz
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Jasper AE, McIver WJ, Sapey E, Walton GM. Understanding the role of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory airway disease. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31069060 PMCID: PMC6489989 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18411.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway neutrophilia is a common feature of many chronic inflammatory lung diseases and is associated with disease progression, often regardless of the initiating cause. Neutrophils and their products are thought to be key mediators of the inflammatory changes in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and have been shown to cause many of the pathological features associated with disease, including emphysema and mucus hypersecretion. Patients with COPD also have high rates of bacterial colonisation and recurrent infective exacerbations, suggesting that neutrophil host defence mechanisms are impaired, a concept supported by studies showing alterations to neutrophil migration, degranulation and reactive oxygen species production in cells isolated from patients with COPD. Although the role of neutrophils is best described in COPD, many of the pathological features of this disease are not unique to COPD and also feature in other chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, and bronchiectasis. There is increasing evidence for immune cell dysfunction contributing to inflammation in many of these diseases, focusing interest on the neutrophil as a key driver of pulmonary inflammation and a potential therapeutic target than spans diseases. This review discusses the evidence for neutrophilic involvement in COPD and also considers their roles in alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, bronchiectasis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. We provide an in-depth assessment of the role of the neutrophil in each of these conditions, exploring recent advances in understanding, and finally discussing the possibility of common mechanisms across diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Jasper
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - William J McIver
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Georgia M Walton
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Carr TF, Zeki AA, Kraft M. Eosinophilic and Noneosinophilic Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:22-37. [PMID: 28910134 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2232pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tara F Carr
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Amir A Zeki
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Monica Kraft
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
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Uddin M, Watz H, Malmgren A, Pedersen F. NETopathic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Severe Asthma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 30804927 PMCID: PMC6370641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immunity, inflammation, and resolution. Unresolving neutrophilia features as a disrupted inflammatory process in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. The extent to which this may be linked to disease pathobiology remains obscure and could be further confounded by indication of glucocorticoids or concomitant respiratory infections. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represents a specialized host defense mechanism that entrap and eliminate invading microbes. NETs are web-like scaffolds of extracellular DNA in complex with histones and neutrophil granular proteins, such as myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. Distinct from apoptosis, NET formation is an active form of cell death that could be triggered by various microbial, inflammatory, and endogenous or exogenous stimuli. NETs are reportedly enriched in neutrophil-dominant refractory lung diseases, such as COPD and severe asthma. Evidence for a pathogenic role for respiratory viruses (e.g., Rhinovirus), bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus) in NET induction is emerging. Dysregulation of this process may exert localized NET burden and contribute to NETopathic lung inflammation. Disentangling the role of NETs in human health and disease offer unique opportunities for therapeutic modulation. The chemokine CXCR2 receptor regulates neutrophil activation and migration, and small molecule CXCR2 antagonists (e.g., AZD5069, danirixin) have been developed to selectively block neutrophilic inflammatory pathways. NET-stabilizing agents using CXCR2 antagonists are being investigated in proof-of-concept studies in patients with COPD to provide mechanistic insights. Clinical validation of this type could lead to novel therapeutics for multiple CXCR2-related NETopathologies. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of NETs in the clinicopathobiology of COPD and severe asthma and provide an outlook on how novel NET-stabilizing therapies via CXCR2 blockade could be leveraged to disrupt NETopathic inflammation in disease-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Anna Malmgren
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany
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Lokwani R, Wark PAB, Baines KJ, Barker D, Simpson JL. Hypersegmented airway neutrophils and its association with reduced lung function in adults with obstructive airway disease: an exploratory study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024330. [PMID: 30696679 PMCID: PMC6352776 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The significance of neutrophilic inflammation in obstructive airway disease remains controversial. Recent studies have demonstrated presence of an active neutrophil population in systemic circulation, featuring hypersegmented morphology, with high oxidative burst and functional plasticity in inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to characterise neutrophil subsets in bronchial lavage (BL) of obstructive airway disease participants (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis) and healthy controls on the basis of nuclear morphology and to assess the association between neutrophil subsets and the clinical parameters of the obstructive airway disease participants. DESIGN A cross-sectional exploratory study. SETTING John Hunter Hospital and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-eight adults with obstructive airway disease comprised those with stable asthma (n=39), COPD (n=20) and bronchiectasis (n=19) and 20 healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytospins were prepared and neutrophil subsets were classified based on nuclear morphology into hypersegmented (>4 lobes), normal (2-4 lobes) and banded (1 lobe) neutrophils and enumerated. RESULTS Neutrophils from each subset were identified in all participants. Numbers of hypersegmented neutrophils were elevated in participants with airway disease compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). Both the number and the proportion of hypersegmented neutrophils were highest in COPD participants (median (Q1-Q3) of 1073.6 (258.8-2742) × 102/mL and 24.5 (14.0-46.5)%, respectively). An increased proportion of hypersegmented neutrophils in airway disease participants was significantly associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity per cent (Spearman's r=-0.322, p=0.004). CONCLUSION Neutrophil heterogeneity is common in BL and is associated with more severe airflow obstruction in adults with airway disease. Further work is required to elucidate the functional consequences of hypersegmented neutrophils in the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Lokwani
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Barker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
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Erriah M, Pabreja K, Fricker M, Baines KJ, Donnelly LE, Bylund J, Karlsson A, Simpson JL. Galectin-3 enhances monocyte-derived macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic granulocytes in asthma. Respir Res 2019; 20:1. [PMID: 30606211 PMCID: PMC6318889 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 is a 32 kDa protein secreted by macrophages involved in processes such as cell activation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Galectin-3 has previously been shown to improve the ability of airway macrophages to ingest apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be of interest in non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) which is also characterised by impaired efferocytosis. It was hypothesised that the addition of exogenous galectin-3 to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) derived from donors with NEA would enhance their ability to engulf apoptotic granulocytes. METHODS Eligible non-smoking adults with asthma (n = 19), including 7 with NEA and healthy controls (n = 10) underwent a clinical assessment, venepuncture and sputum induction. MDMs were co-cultured with apoptotic granulocytes isolated from healthy donors with or without exogenous recombinant galectin-3 (50 μg/mL) and efferocytosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Galectin-3 expression and localisation in MDMs was visualised by immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence microscopy. Galectin-3, interleukin (IL)-6 and CXCL8 secretion were measured in cell culture supernatants by ELISA and cytometric bead array. RESULTS Baseline efferocytosis (mean (±standard deviation)) was lower in participants with asthma (33.2 (±17.7)%) compared with healthy controls (45.3 (±15.9)%; p = 0.081). Efferocytosis did not differ between the participants with eosinophilic asthma (EA) (31.4 (±19.2)%) and NEA (28.7 (±21.5)%; p = 0.748). Addition of galectin-3 significantly improved efferocytosis in asthma, particularly in NEA (37.8 (±18.1)%) compared with baseline (30.4 (±19.7)%; p = 0.012). Efferocytosis was not associated with any of the clinical outcomes but was negatively correlated with sputum macrophage numbers (Spearman r = - 0.671; p = 0.017). Galectin-3 was diffusely distributed in most MDMs but formed punctate structures in 5% of MDMs. MDM galectin-3 secretion was lower in asthma (9.99 (2.67, 15.48) ng/mL) compared with the healthy controls (20.72 (11.28, 27.89) ng/mL; p = 0.044) while IL-6 and CXCL8 levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 modulates macrophage function in asthma, indicating a potential role for galectin-3 to reverse impaired efferocytosis in NEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Erriah
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kavita Pabreja
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Association analyses of eQTLs of the TYRO3 gene and allergic diseases in Japanese populations. Allergol Int 2019; 68:77-81. [PMID: 30082152 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TYRO3 is a member of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL, MERTK) receptor tyrosine kinase family and functions to limit type 2 immune responses implicated in allergic sensitization. Recent studies have shown that multiple intronic variants of TYRO3 were associated with asthma, implying that genetic variation could contribute to errant immune activation. We therefore hypothesized that expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of the TYRO3 gene influence the development of allergic diseases (including asthma and allergic rhinitis) in Japanese populations. METHODS We performed a candidate gene case-control association study of 8 eQTLs of TYRO3 on atopy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis using 1168 unrelated Japanese adults who had GWAS genotyping. We then examined the genetic impact of rs2297377 (TYRO3) on atopy and allergic rhinitis in 2 other independent Japanese populations. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 3 Japanese populations (a total of 2403 Japanese adults) revealed that rs2297377 was associated with atopy and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.29 and 1.31; P = 0.00041 and 0.0010, respectively). The risk allele at rs2297377 correlated with decreased expression of TYRO3 mRNA. The gene-gene interaction between HLA-DPB1 and TYRO3 was not significant with regard to sensitization. The estimated proportion of atopy and allergic rhinitis cases attributable to the risk genotype was 14% and 16%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified TYRO3 as an important susceptibility gene to atopy and allergic rhinitis in Japanese.
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Pang Z, Wang G, Gibson P, Guan X, Zhang W, Zheng R, Chen F, Wang Z, Wang F. Airway Microbiome in Different Inflammatory Phenotypes of Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast China. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:477-485. [PMID: 30911282 PMCID: PMC6428974 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Asthma is a common respiratory disease with a high prevalence and morbidity that can seriously affect quality of life. Microbial colonization of the airway may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma, however the mechanisms involved have not been established. In the present study, we aimed to determine the composition of the microbiota in different asthmatic phenotypes from Northeast China. Methods: 24 mild-to-moderate asthmatics (10 eosinophilic asthma and 14 non-eosinophilic asthma) and 12 healthy volunteers participated in this cross-sectional study. DNA was extracted from their induced sputum and amplified for 16s rRNA gene sequencing on Illumina Miseq platform. Bioinformatic analysis on the microbiome was performed. Results: Alpha-diversity analysis showed that the asthmatics had a decreased richness, evenness and diversity. Non-eosinophilic asthmatics showed a decreased richness, evenness and diversity compared with eosinophilic patients. A different taxonomy of 1 phylum and 6 genera taxa between the phenotypes was identified. Compared with heathy controls, asthmatics existed a larger taxonomic difference (P<0.05 for both EA and NEA vs. HC). 5 genera as the dominance in the microbial co-occurrence network correlated with the spirometry and disease progression of asthma. The function of microbiota genes was predicted to be related with infectious, immune and metabolic diseases. Conclusion: The diversity and composition of the airway microbiome was associated with the pathogenesis of asthma in different phenotypes. The diverse composition has been identified in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peter Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Xuewa Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Third Department of Respiratory Disease, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Interventional Therapy, Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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36
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de Groot LES, van der Veen TA, Martinez FO, Hamann J, Lutter R, Melgert BN. Oxidative stress and macrophages: driving forces behind exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L369-L384. [PMID: 30520687 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00456.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common feature of obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung macrophages are key innate immune cells that can generate oxidants and are known to display aberrant polarization patterns and defective phagocytic responses in these diseases. Whether these characteristics are linked in one way or another and whether they contribute to the onset and severity of exacerbations in asthma and COPD remain poorly understood. Insight into oxidative stress, macrophages, and their interactions may be important in fully understanding acute worsening of lung disease. This review therefore highlights the current state of the art regarding the role of oxidative stress and macrophages in exacerbations of asthma and COPD. It shows that oxidative stress can attenuate macrophage function, which may result in impaired responses toward exacerbating triggers and may contribute to exaggerated inflammation in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey E S de Groot
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - T Anienke van der Veen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford , United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Hamon R, Tran HB, Roscioli E, Ween M, Jersmann H, Hodge S. Bushfire smoke is pro-inflammatory and suppresses macrophage phagocytic function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13424. [PMID: 30194323 PMCID: PMC6128914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushfires are increasing in frequency and severity worldwide. Bushfire smoke contains organic/inorganic compounds including aldehydes and acrolein. We described suppressive effects of tobacco smoke on the phagocytic capacity of airway macrophages, linked to secondary necrosis of uncleared apoptotic epithelial cells, persistence of non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), and inflammation. We hypothesised that bushfire smoke extract (BFSE) would similarly impair macrophage function. THP-1 or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were exposed to 1-10% BFSE prepared from foliage of 5 common Australian native plants (genus Acacia or Eucalyptus), or 10% cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Phagocytic recognition receptors were measured by flow cytometry; pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase 1 by immunofluorescence or cytometric bead array; viability by LDH assay; and capsase-3/PARP by western blot. BFSE significantly decreased phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or NTHi by both THP-1 macrophages and MDM vs air control, consistent with the effects of CSE. BFSE significantly decreased MDM expression of CD36, CD44, SR-A1, CD206 and TLR-2 and increased active IL-1β, caspase-1 and secreted IL-8. BFSE dose-dependently decreased THP-1 macrophage viability (5-fold increase in LDH at 10%) and significantly increased active caspase-3. BFSE impairs macrophage function to a similar extent as CSE, highlighting the need for further research, especially in patients with pre-existing lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Hamon
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hai B Tran
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Miranda Ween
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Allard B, Panariti A, Martin JG. Alveolar Macrophages in the Resolution of Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Tolerance to Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1777. [PMID: 30108592 PMCID: PMC6079255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen persistence in the respiratory tract is an important preoccupation, and of particular relevance to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. The equilibrium between elimination of pathogens and the magnitude of the host response is a sword of Damocles for susceptible patients. The alveolar macrophage is the first sentinel of the respiratory tree and constitutes the dominant immune cell in the steady state. This immune cell is a key player in the balance between defense against pathogens and tolerance toward innocuous stimuli. This review focuses on the role of alveolar macrophages in limiting lung tissue damage from potentially innocuous stimuli and from infections, processes that are relevant to appropriate tolerance of potential causes of lung disease. Notably, the different anti-inflammatory strategies employed by alveolar macrophages and lung tissue damage control are explored. These two properties, in addition to macrophage manipulation by pathogens, are discussed to explain how alveolar macrophages may drive pathogen persistence in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Allard
- Department of Medicine, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alice Panariti
- Department of Medicine, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Department of Medicine, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Towards precision medicine in severe asthma: Treatment algorithms based on treatable traits. Respir Med 2018; 142:15-22. [PMID: 30170796 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease, and although its clinical manifestations may be similar among patients, recent research discoveries have shown that it consists of several distinct clinical clusters or phenotypes, each with different underlying molecular pathways yielding different treatment responses. Based on these observations, an alternative approach - known as 'precision medicine' - has been proposed for the management of patients with severe asthma. Precision medicine advocates identification of treatable traits, linking them to therapeutic approaches targeting genetic, immunological, environmental, and/or lifestyle factors in individual patients. The main "goal" of this personalised approach is to enable choosing a treatment which will be more likely to produce a beneficial response in the individual patient rather than a 'one size fits all' approach. The aim of the present review is to discuss different ways of phenotyping asthma and to provide a rationale for treatment algorithms based on principles of precision medicine.
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40
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Baos S, Calzada D, Cremades-Jimeno L, Sastre J, Picado C, Quiralte J, Florido F, Lahoz C, Cárdaba B. Nonallergic Asthma and Its Severity: Biomarkers for Its Discrimination in Peripheral Samples. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1416. [PMID: 29977241 PMCID: PMC6021512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous respiratory disorder characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It has generally been associated with allergic mechanisms related to type 2 airway inflammation. Nevertheless, between 10 and 33% of asthmatic individuals have nonallergic asthma (NA). Several targeted treatments are in clinical development for patients with Th2 immune response, but few biomarkers are been defined for low or non-Th2-mediated inflammation asthma. We have recently defined by gene expression a set of genes as potential biomarkers of NA, mainly associated with disease severity: IL10, MSR1, PHLDA1, SERPINB2, CHI3L1, IL8, and PI3. Here, we analyzed their protein expression and specificity using sera and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). First, protein quantification was carried out using ELISA (in sera) or Western blot (proteins extracted from PBMCs by Trizol procedure), depending on the biomarker in 30 healthy controls (C) subjects and 30 NA patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed by using the R program to study the specificity and sensitivity of the candidate biomarkers at a gene- and protein expression level. Four kinds of comparisons were performed: total NA group vs C group, severe NA patients vs C, moderate-mild NA patients vs C, and severe NA patients vs moderate-mild NA patients. We found that all the single genes showed good sensitivity vs specificity for some phenotypic discrimination, with CHI3L1 and PI3 exhibiting the best results for C vs NA: CHI3L1 area under the curve (AUC) (CI 95%): 0.95 (0.84-1.00) and PI3 AUC: 0.99 (0.98-1.00); C vs severe NA: PI3 AUC: 1 (0.99-1.00); and C vs moderate-mild NA: CHI3L1 AUC: 1 (0.99-1.00) and PI3 AUC: 0.99 (0.96-1.00). However, the results for discriminating asthma disease and severity with protein expression were better when two or three biomarkers were combined. In conclusion, individual genes and combinations of proteins have been evaluated as reliable biomarkers for classifying NA subjects and their severity. These new panels could be good diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Calzada
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Service of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Florido
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Lahoz
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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41
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Abstract
When apoptotic cells are not cleared in an efficient and timely manner, they progress to secondary necrosis and lose their membrane integrity. This results in a leakage of immunostimulatory, danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), similar to accidental (or primary) necrosis. However, primary necrosis is a sudden event with an inadvertent release of almost unmodified DAMPs. Secondary necrotic cells, in contrast, have gone through various modifications during the process of apoptosis. Recent research revealed that the molecules released from the cytoplasm or exposed on the cell surface differ between primary necrosis, secondary necrosis, and regulated necrosis such as necroptosis. This review gives an overview of these differences and focusses their effects on the immune response. The implications to human physiology and diseases are manifold and will be discussed in the context of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sachet
- Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ying Yu Liang
- Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco Smoke Induces and Alters Immune Responses in the Lung Triggering Inflammation, Allergy, Asthma and Other Lung Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1033. [PMID: 29883409 PMCID: PMC5982072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. Recently, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with asthma and allergic diseases in children. This review presents the most actual knowledge on exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the skewed inflammatory profile that aggravates inflammation, promotes infections, induces tissue damage, and may promote the development of allergy in individuals exposed to ETS. We demonstrate how the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke leads to oxidative stress, increased mucosal inflammation, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α ([TNF]-α). Direct cellular effects of ETS on epithelial cells results in increased permeability, mucus overproduction, impaired mucociliary clearance, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, enhanced recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils and disturbed lymphocyte balance towards Th2. The plethora of presented phenomena fully justifies a restrictive policy aiming at limiting the domestic and public exposure to ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ratajczak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Adamiec
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
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43
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Yang X, Wang Y, Zhao S, Wang R, Wang C. Long-term exposure to low-dose Haemophilus influenzae during allergic airway disease drives a steroid-resistant neutrophilic inflammation and promotes airway remodeling. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24898-24913. [PMID: 29861841 PMCID: PMC5982741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences indicate that bacteria are associated with pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. However, the long-term effect of airway bacterial colonization remains unclear. We sought to establish a murine model to simulate the airway inflammation of long-term bacterial colonization, and to assess the effects of bacteria on allergic airway disease (AAD). BALB/c mice were sensitized twice and subsequently challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to low-dose Haemophilus influenzae for approximately 2 months. Mice in treatment groups inhaled budesonide for consecutively 6 days in the last week. Airway inflammatory phenotype, immune response, phagocytic capacity, mucus production, airway remodeling and steroid sensitivity were assessed. Long-term exposure to low-dose H. influenzae during AAD did not cause serious infection but only a slightly increased airway inflammation, which resembled the colonization. Inflammatory phenotype was converted from a steroid-sensitive T helper (Th) 2-associated eosinophilic inflammation to a steroid-resistant Th17-associated neutrophilic inflammation. The increased neutrophilic inflammation was accompanied by defects in regulatory T cell (Treg)-associated immunosuppression and macrophage phagocytosis, and finally promoted mucus hypersecretion and airway remodeling. These features resembled those of refractory neutrophilic asthma in humans. These findings indicate that in asthmatic patients, airway bacterial colonization may be a potential therapeutic target. Minimizing the pathogen burden in airway, such as Haemophilus influenzae, may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Shengtao Zhao
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Changzheng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
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44
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Liang YY, Schwarzinger I, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Agis H, Oehler R. Impaired efferocytosis by monocytes in multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:409-416. [PMID: 29928429 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells by efferocytosis is important for tissue homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis leads to the accumulation of cell debris, which is regarded as a trigger in chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Patients with hematological neoplastic disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM) exhibit high blood levels of apoptotic microparticles. The present study investigated whether these high levels of apoptotic microparticles are associated with insufficient dead cell clearance. Blood samples were collected from patients with MM immediately prior to and 3, 7 and 10 days after the initial cycle of bortezomib-based therapy. In addition, bone marrow aspirates (BMA) were collected prior to and following therapy. Prior to therapy, a 52% reduction in efferocytosis by blood monocytes was observed compared with the healthy controls (P<0.017). This was associated with an elevated number of 7-AAD+ dead cell remnants in the blood flow as well as in BMA. A portion of the blood samples contained active caspase 3. The subsequent bortezomib-based therapy had no effect on efferocytosis, although the quantity of dead cell remnants decreased. This reduction was associated with a decline in cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ and CD4+ T cells and an increase in the number of monocytes. However, of 28 distinct soluble immune-modulating molecules (i.e. chemokines, cytokines and soluble co-stimulators) only C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL24 and sCD27 were affected by bortezomib-based therapy. The levels of all other molecules remained unchanged or were below the detection threshold in all samples. The present study results revealed that the presence of dead cell remnants in the blood and bone morrow of patients with MM is associated with impaired efferocytosis by monocytes; however, its contribution to inflammatory events during MM remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu Liang
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hermine Agis
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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45
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Yamasaki K, Eeden SFV. Lung Macrophage Phenotypes and Functional Responses: Role in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E582. [PMID: 29462886 PMCID: PMC5855804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophages (LMs) are essential immune effector cells that are pivotal in both innate and adaptive immune responses to inhaled foreign matter. They either reside within the airways and lung tissues (from early life) or are derived from blood monocytes. Similar to macrophages in other organs and tissues, LMs have natural plasticity and can change phenotype and function depending largely on the microenvironment they reside in. Phenotype changes in lung tissue macrophages have been implicated in chronic inflammatory responses and disease progression of various chronic lung diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). LMs have a wide variety of functional properties that include phagocytosis (inorganic particulate matter and organic particles, such as viruses/bacteria/fungi), the processing of phagocytosed material, and the production of signaling mediators. Functioning as janitors of the airways, they also play a key role in removing dead and dying cells, as well as cell debris (efferocytic functions). We herein review changes in LM phenotypes during chronic lung disease, focusing on COPD, as well as changes in their functional properties as a result of such shifts. Targeting molecular pathways involved in LM phenotypic shifts could potentially allow for future targeted therapeutic interventions in several diseases, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamasaki
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z1Y6, Canada.
| | - Stephan F van Eeden
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z1Y6, Canada.
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46
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Barnig C, Frossard N, Levy BD. Towards targeting resolution pathways of airway inflammation in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:98-113. [PMID: 29352860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways with mucosal infiltration of eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and mast cells, and release of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators. The natural resolution of airway inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with highly coordinated cellular events under the control of endogenous pro-resolving mediators that enable the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Lead members of proresolving mediators are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, eicosapentaenoic acid-derived E-series resolvins, and docosahexaenoic acid-derived D-series resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Functionally, these specialized pro-resolving mediators can limit further leukocyte recruitment, induce granulocyte apoptosis, and enhance efferocytosis by macrophages. They can also switch macrophages from classical to alternatively activated cells, promote the return of non-apoptotic cells to lymphatics and blood vessels, and help initiate tissue repair and healing. In this review, we highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms for successful resolution of inflammation, and describe the main specialized pro-resolving mediators that drive these processes. Furthermore, we report recent data suggesting that the pathobiology of severe asthma may result in part from impaired resolution of airway inflammation, including defects in the biosynthesis of these specialized pro-resolving mediators. Finally, we discuss resolution-based therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; EA 3072, University of Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique and LabEx MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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47
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Yu QL, Chen Z. Establishment of different experimental asthma models in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2492-2498. [PMID: 29456654 PMCID: PMC5795809 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease. The heterogeneity of airway inflammation during asthma indicates there are different mechanisms involved. In order to further study the mechanisms of asthma, different mouse models were established to mimic corresponding subtypes of asthma in clinic. Eosinophilic asthma was established by intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0 and day 7, followed by inhalation of aerosolized OVA on days 14–17. Neutrophilic asthma was established by transtracheal administration of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 µg) on days 15 and 17 in combination with OVA sensitization and challenge as described previously. Mix-granulocytic asthma was established by transtracheal administration of a low dose of LPS (1 µg) on day 15, in combination with OVA sensitization and challenge as described previously. Compared with healthy controls, increased numbers of eosinophils, elevated levels of T helper (Th)2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and moderated inflammation of lung tissues was observed in eosinophilic asthma. Increased numbers of neutrophils, elevated levels of Th1 and Th17 cytokines in BALF and severe inflammation of lung tissues was observed in neutrophilic asthma. Increased numbers of both eosinophils and neutrophils, elevated levels of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines in BALF and severe inflammation of lung tissues was observed in mix-granulocytic asthma. Airway hyperresponsiveness, increased bronchial mucus secretion, and elevated serum levels of immunoglobin (Ig)E and OVA-IgE were detected in all three asthma models. Dexamethasone reduced the pathogenic symptoms of the mice in eosinophilic asthma, however had no effect on neutrophilic asthma or mix-granulocytic asthma. Each model of asthma established in the present study represents corresponding subtypes of asthma in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Lin Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Zhangbo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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48
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Paplińska-Goryca M, Nejman-Gryz P, Górska K, Białek-Gosk K, Hermanowicz-Salamon J, Krenke R. Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Induced Sputum: Comparative Study in Asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1040:101-112. [PMID: 27739024 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and COPD are the most common obstructive lung diseases characterized by inflammation in the lower airways which contribute to airflow limitation. Different inflammatory mediators are thought to play a key role in these diseases. This study was conducted in 13 patients with asthma, 12 patients with COPD, and 13 control subjects. The expression of mRNA of IL-6, IL-13, CXCL8, TSLP, IL-33, IL-25, IL-17, ECP, mast cell tryptase, CCL24, and CCL26 was assessed in induced sputum cells by real time PCR. We found that CXCL8 was strongly related to the neutrophil percentage but differed significantly in COPD and asthma patients. The expression of IL-17 was lower in patients with atopic asthma compared to non-atopic asthma. The percentage of macrophages correlated negatively with the expression of mast cell tryptase and ECP in COPD, and with CXCL8 in asthma. The expression of ECP correlated negatively with the severity of COPD symptoms measured by CAT. We conclude that asthma and COPD demonstrate a significant overlap in the airway cytokine profile. Thus, differentiation between the two diseases is difficult as based on a single cytokine, which suggests the coexistence of phenotypes sharing a common cytokine network in these obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Warsaw Medical University, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Warsaw Medical University, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Warsaw Medical University, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Białek-Gosk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Warsaw Medical University, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Hermanowicz-Salamon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Warsaw Medical University, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Warsaw Medical University, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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49
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Brooks CR, Van Dalen CJ, Harding E, Hermans IF, Douwes J. Effects of treatment changes on asthma phenotype prevalence and airway neutrophil function. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:169. [PMID: 29202821 PMCID: PMC5715501 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma inflammatory phenotypes are often defined by relative cell counts of airway eosinophils/neutrophils. However, the importance of neutrophilia remains unclear, as does the effect of ICS treatment on asthma phenotypes and airway neutrophil function. The purpose of this study was to assess asthma phenotype prevalence/characteristics in a community setting, and, in a nested preliminary study, determine how treatment changes affect phenotype stability and inflammation, with particular focus on airway neutrophils. Methods Fifty adult asthmatics and 39 non-asthmatics were assessed using questionnaires, skin prick tests, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurement, and sputum induction. Twenty-one asthmatics underwent further assessment following treatment optimisation (n = 11) or sub-optimisation (n = 10). Results Forty percent (20/50) had eosinophilic asthma (EA) and 8% had neutrophilic asthma. EA was associated with increased FENO, bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) and reduced lung function (p < 0.05). Following optimisation/sub-optimisation, the EA/NEA (non-eosinophilic asthma) phenotype changed in 11/21 (52%) asthmatics. In particular, fewer subjects had EA post treatment optimisation, but this was not statistically significant. However, a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in FENO, ACQ7 score, and BDR was observed after treatment optimisation, as well as an increase in FEV1-% predicted (p < 0.05). It was also associated with reduced eosinophils (p < 0.05) and enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis (p < 0.05) in EA only, and enhanced neutrophil oxidative burst in both EA and NEA (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this community based population, non-eosinophilic asthma was common, less severe than EA, and at baseline most asthmatics showed no evidence of inflammation. In the nested change in treatment study, treatment optimisation was associated with reduced sputum eosinophils, improved symptoms and lung function, and enhanced neutrophil function, but a significant reduction in EA could not be demonstrated. Trial registration The nested change in treatment component of this study is registered at the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.ANZCTR.org.au) ACTRN12617001356358. Registration date 27/09/2017. Retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0511-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin R Brooks
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, Private Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Christine J Van Dalen
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, Private Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Harding
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, Private Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, Private Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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50
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Nguyen TH, Maltby S, Tay HL, Eyers F, Foster PS, Yang M. Identification of IFN-γ and IL-27 as Critical Regulators of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Exacerbation of Allergic Airways Disease in a Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:237-247. [PMID: 29167232 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induces asthma exacerbations, which leads to worsening of clinical symptoms and may result in a sustained decline in lung function. Exacerbations are the main cause of morbidity and mortality associated with asthma, and significantly contribute to asthma-associated healthcare costs. Although glucocorticoids are used to manage exacerbations, some patients respond to them poorly. The underlying mechanisms associated with steroid-resistant exacerbations remain largely unknown. We have previously established a mouse model of RSV-induced exacerbation of allergic airways disease, which mimics hallmark clinical features of asthma. In this study, we have identified key roles for macrophage IFN-γ and IL-27 in the regulation of RSV-induced exacerbation of allergic airways disease. Production of IFN-γ and IL-27 was steroid-resistant, and neutralization of IFN-γ or IL-27 significantly suppressed RSV-induced steroid-resistant airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. We have previously implicated activation of pulmonary macrophage by TNF-α and/or MCP-1 in the mechanisms of RSV-induced exacerbation. Stimulation of pulmonary macrophages with TNF-α and/or MCP-1 induced expression of both IFN-γ and IL-27. Our findings highlight critical roles for IFN-γ and IL-27, downstream of TNF-α and MCP-1, in the mechanism of RSV-induced exacerbation. Thus, targeting the pathways that these factors activate may be a potential therapeutic approach for virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hiep Nguyen
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; and.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; and.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; and.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Fiona Eyers
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; and.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; and .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; and .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
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