1
|
Fiuza JA, Gannavaram S, Gaze ST, de Ornellas LG, Alves ÉA, Ismail N, Nakhasi HL, Correa-Oliveira R. Deletion of MIF gene from live attenuated LdCen -/- parasites enhances protective CD4 + T cell immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7362. [PMID: 37147351 PMCID: PMC10163264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with live attenuated Leishmania parasites such as centrin deleted Leishmania donovani (LdCen-/-) against visceral leishmaniasis has been reported extensively. The protection induced by LdCen-/- parasites was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. While the host immune mediators of protection are known, parasite determinants that affect the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations remain unknown. Parasite encoded inflammatory cytokine MIF has been shown to modulate the T cell differentiation characteristics by altering the inflammation induced apoptosis during contraction phase in experimental infections with Leishmania or Plasmodium. Neutralization of parasite encoded MIF either by antibodies or gene deletion conferred protection in Plasmodium and Leishmania studies. We investigated if the immunogenicity and protection induced by LdCen-/- parasites is affected by deleting MIF genes from this vaccine strain. Our results showed that LdCen-/-MIF-/- immunized group presented higher percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells, increased CD8+ T cell proliferation after challenge compared to LdCen-/- immunization. LdCen-/-MIF-/- immunized group presented elevated production of IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells concomitant with a reduced parasite load in spleen and liver compared to LdCen-/-group following challenge with L. infantum. Our results demonstrate the role of parasite induced factors involved in protection and long-term immunity of vaccines against VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Araújo Fiuza
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Soraya Torres Gaze
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Érica Alessandra Alves
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nevien Ismail
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira Lal Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Souza-Silva TG, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. T-cell receptor variable region usage in Chagas disease: A systematic review of experimental and human studies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010546. [PMID: 36107855 PMCID: PMC9477334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells recognize their ligand, the peptide major histocompatibility complex (MHC), via the T-cell receptor (TCR), which is composed of covalently linked α and β or γ and δ chains. This recognition is critical for T-cell ontogeny and controls the selection, activation, and function of T lymphocytes. Specific TCR αβ variable regions have been associated with immunopathogenesis of Chagas disease. Here, we present a systematic review that compiles experimental in vivo and human data regarding the preferential expression of variable alpha (Vα) and variable beta (Vβ) chain regions in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The original studies indexed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened according to the PRISMA strategy. The analysis showed that expression of TCR Vα subfamilies were evaluated in one human study, and, unlike TCR Vβ, TCR Vα presented a more restricted usage. Despite the great variability in the usage of TCR Vβ regions in human Chagas disease, a down-regulation of TCR Vβ5 expression by T cells from patients in the acute phase of the disease was shown. Opposingly, this TCR region was found overly expressed in CD4+ T cells from chronic Chagas patients. It was also demonstrated that murine Vβ9+ T cells derived from nonlymphoid organs of T. cruzi-infected animals had a modulatory profile, while splenic Vβ9+ T cells produced inflammatory cytokines, indicating that although they display the same TCR Vβ region usage, these cells are functionally distinct. Despite the limitations of few papers and year of publication of the studies, compiling the data derived from them reveals that further investigation of TCR usage will point to their potential role in protective or pathogenic responses, as biomarkers of disease progression, and in the search for dominant peptides potentially useful for the development of vaccines or therapies. Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease, caused by infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Differential expression of certain T-cell receptor (TCR) variable regions has been associated with the immunopathogenesis of Chagas disease. Here, we present a systematic review that compiled experimental in vivo and human data regarding the preferential expression of TCR alpha and beta chain variable regions in Chagas disease. The original studies indexed in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened according to the PRISMA strategy. Despite the great variability in the use of TCR Vβ in T. cruzi infection, the outcomes indicate that there is a down-regulation of TCR Vβ5 expression in T cells from patients in the acute phase of Chagas disease. However, this region is preferentially expressed by CD4+ T cells from chronic Chagas patients. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that murine Vβ9+ T cells derived from nonlymphoid organs displayed a modulatory profile, while splenic Vβ9+ T cells produced inflammatory cytokines, indicating that although they express the same TCR Vβ region, these cells are functionally distinct. Information on TCR expression, specificity and function have critical impact on vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J. Gollob
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walderez O. Dutra
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Masoudzadeh N, Östensson M, Persson J, Mashayekhi Goyonlo V, Agbajogu C, Taslimi Y, Erfanian Salim R, Zahedifard F, Mizbani A, Malekafzali Ardekani H, Gunn BM, Rafati S, Harandi AM. Molecular signatures of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the lesions of patients infected with Leishmania tropica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16198. [PMID: 33004861 PMCID: PMC7529897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) represents a public health challenge in several resource poor settings. We herein employed a systems analysis approach to study molecular signatures of CL caused by L. tropica in the skin lesions of ulcerative CL (UCL) and non-ulcerative CL (NUCL) patients. Results from RNA-seq analysis determined shared and unique functional transcriptional pathways in the lesions of the UCL and NUCL patients. Several transcriptional pathways involved in inflammatory response were positively enriched in the CL lesions. A multiplexed inflammatory protein analysis showed differential profiles of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the UCL and NUCL lesions. Transcriptional pathways for Fcγ receptor dependent phagocytosis were among shared enriched pathways. Using L. tropica specific antibody (Ab)-mediated phagocytosis assays, we could substantiate Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and Ab-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) activities in the lesions of the UCL and NUCL patients, which correlated with L. tropica specific IgG Abs. Interestingly, a negative correlation was observed between parasite load and L. tropica specific IgG/ADCP/ADNP in the skin lesions of CL patients. These results enhance our understanding of human skin response to CL caused by L. tropica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Zahedifard
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gois BM, Peixoto RF, Maciel BLL, Gomes JAS, de Azevedo FLAA, Veras RC, de Medeiros IA, de Lima Grisi TCS, de Araújo DAM, do Amaral IPG, Keesen TSL. Dual immune effect of iNKT cells considering human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: An example of cell plasticity according to different disease scenarios. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87:e12668. [PMID: 29701883 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the semi-invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) are a small subpopulation of cells in the peripheral blood, they are presumed to play a role in early stages of infection against various pathogens, including protozoa. This work investigates the activation status and cytokine profile of iNKT cells during human Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis infection. We studied iNKT cells in patients with symptomatic active visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) (n = 8), patients with symptomatic active cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) (n = 13), negative endemic controls (NEC) (n = 6) and non-endemic controls (NonEC) (n = 6), with and without total Leishmania antigen stimulus (TLA). The number of iNKT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with ACL and AVL unaltered in relation to control groups. Moreover, the iNKT cells from ACL showed a hyperactivation profile compared to patients with AVL. Additionally, TLA induced IFN-gamma production in iNKT cells from patients with ACL, while in iNKT of patients with AVL, TLA induced a decrease in this cytokine. Higher IL-17 and IL-10 production by iNKT cells from patients with ACL were also observed compared to all other groups. There were no changes in iNKT IL-10-producing cells in AVL after TLA stimulation. However, TLA induced increase in IL-10 in iNKT cells in patients with ACL. These findings suggest that, although iNKT cells showed distinct profiles in patients with ACL and AVL, they play a dual role in immune modulation in both Leishmania infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Gois
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - R F Peixoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - B L L Maciel
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - J A S Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F L A A de Azevedo
- Research Institute for Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - R C Veras
- Research Institute for Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - I A de Medeiros
- Research Institute for Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - T C S de Lima Grisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - D A M de Araújo
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - I P G do Amaral
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - T S L Keesen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viana AG, Magalhães LMD, Giunchetti RC, Dutra WO, Gollob KJ. Infection of Human Monocytes with Leishmania infantum Strains Induces a Downmodulated Response when Compared with Infection with Leishmania braziliensis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1896. [PMID: 29358935 PMCID: PMC5766652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection with different species of Leishmania leads to distinct clinical manifestations, ranging from relatively mild cutaneous (Leishmania braziliensis) to severe visceral (Leishmania infantum) forms of leishmaniasis. Here, we asked whether in vitro infection of human monocytes by Leishmania strains responsible for distinct clinical manifestations leads to early changes in immunological characteristics and ability of the host cells to control Leishmania. We evaluated the expression of toll-like receptors and MHC class II molecules, cytokines, and Leishmania control by human monocytes following short-term infection with L. braziliensis (M2904), a reference strain of L. infantum (BH46), and a wild strain of L. infantum (wild). The induction of TLR2, TLR9, and HLA-DR were all lower in L. infantum when compared with L. braziliensis-infected cells. Moreover, L. infantum-infected monocytes (both strains) produced lower TNF-alpha and a lower TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio, resulting in a weaker inflammatory profile and a 100-fold less effective control of Leishmania than cells infected with L. braziliensis. Our results show that L. infantum strains fail to induce a strong inflammatory response, less activation, and less control of Leishmania from human monocytes, when compared with that induced by L. braziliensis infection. This functional profile may help explain the distinct clinical course observed in patients infected with the different Leishmania species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mourão Dias Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walderez O Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Gollob
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mario Penna, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,International Center for Research, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saldanha MG, Queiroz A, Machado PRL, de Carvalho LP, Scott P, de Carvalho Filho EM, Arruda S. Characterization of the Histopathologic Features in Patients in the Early and Late Phases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:645-652. [PMID: 28115669 PMCID: PMC5361539 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), characterized by an ulcerated lesion, is the most common clinical form of human leishmaniasis. Before the ulcer develops, patients infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis present a small papule at the site of the sandfly bite, referred to as early cutaneous leishmaniasis (E-CL). Two to four weeks later the typical ulcer develops, which is considered here as late CL (L-CL). Although there is a great deal known about T-cell responses in patients with L-CL, there is little information about the in situ inflammatory response in E-CL. Histological sections of skin biopsies from 15 E-CL and 28 L-CL patients were stained by hematoxilin and eosin to measure the area infiltrated by cells, as well as tissue necrosis. Leishmania braziliensis amastigotes, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and CD68+ cells were identified and quantified by immunohistochemistry. The number of amastigotes in E-CL was higher than in L-CL, and the inflammation area was larger in classical ulcers than in E-CL. There was no relationship between the number of parasites and magnitude of the inflammation area, or with the lesion size. However, there was a direct correlation between the number of macrophages and the lesion size in E-CL, and between the number of macrophages and necrotic area throughout the course of the disease. These positive correlations suggest that macrophages are directly involved in the pathology of L. braziliensis-induced lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra G Saldanha
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adriano Queiroz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto L Machado
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas P de Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edgar M de Carvalho Filho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Arruda
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Using Proteomics to Understand How Leishmania Parasites Survive inside the Host and Establish Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081270. [PMID: 27548150 PMCID: PMC5000668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes a wide range of different clinical manifestations in mammalian hosts. It is a major public health risk on different continents and represents one of the most important neglected diseases. Due to the high toxicity of the drugs currently used, and in the light of increasing drug resistance, there is a critical need to develop new drugs and vaccines to control Leishmania infection. Over the past few years, proteomics has become an important tool to understand the underlying biology of Leishmania parasites and host interaction. The large-scale study of proteins, both in parasites and within the host in response to infection, can accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic targets. By studying the proteomes of host cells and tissues infected with Leishmania, as well as changes in protein profiles among promastigotes and amastigotes, scientists hope to better understand the biology involved in the parasite survival and the host-parasite interaction. This review demonstrates the feasibility of proteomics as an approach to identify new proteins involved in Leishmania differentiation and intracellular survival.
Collapse
|
8
|
Di Gangi R, Alves da Costa T, Thomé R, Peron G, Burger E, Verinaud L. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection promotes thymic disarrangement and premature egress of mature lymphocytes expressing prohibitive TCRs. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:209. [PMID: 27189089 PMCID: PMC4869377 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis, a chronic granulomatous fungal disease caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells affects mainly rural workers, albeit recently cases in immunosuppressed individuals has been reported. Protective immune response against P. brasiliensis is dependent on the activity of helper T cells especially IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells. It has been proposed that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is able to modulate the immune response towards a permissive state and that the thymus plays a major role in it. METHODS In this paper, we show that acute infection of BALB/c mice with P. brasiliensis virulent isolate (Pb18) might cause alterations in the thymic environment as well as the prohibitive TCR-expressing T cells in the spleens. RESULTS After seven days of infection, we found yeast cells on the thymic stroma, the thymic epithelial cells (TEC) were altered regarding their spatial-orientation and inflammatory mediators gene expression was increased. Likewise, thymocytes (differentiating T cells) presented higher migratory ability in ex vivo experiments. Notwithstanding, P. brasiliensis-infected mice showed an increased frequency of prohibitive TCR-expressing T cells in the spleens, suggesting that the selection processes that occur in the thymus may be compromised during the acute infection. CONCLUSION In this paper, for the first time, we show that acute infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells promotes thymic alterations leading to a defective repertoire of peripheral T cells. The data presented here may represent new mechanisms by which P. brasiliensis subverts the immune response towards the chronic infection observed in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Di Gangi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves da Costa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Thomé
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Peron
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Eva Burger
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Liana Verinaud
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferraz R, Cunha CF, Pimentel MI, Lyra MR, Schubach AO, Mendonça SCFD, Da-Cruz AM, Bertho AL. T-cell receptor Vβ repertoire of CD8+ T-lymphocyte subpopulations in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:596-605. [PMID: 26107186 PMCID: PMC4569821 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the immune response is mainly mediated by
T-cells. The role of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, which are related to healing or
deleterious functions, in affecting clinical outcome is controversial. The aim of
this study was to evaluate T-cell receptor diversity in late-differentiated effector
(LDE) and memory CD8+ T-cell subsets in order to create a profile of
specific clones engaged in deleterious or protective CL immune responses. Healthy
subjects, patients with active disease (PAD) and clinically cured patients were
enrolled in the study. Total CD8+ T-lymphocytes showed a disturbance in
the expression of the Vβ2, Vβ9, Vβ13.2, Vβ18 and Vβ23 families. The analyses of
CD8+T-lymphocyte subsets showed high frequencies of LDE
CD8+T-lymphocytes expressing Vβ12 and Vβ22 in PAD, as well as
effector-memory CD8+ T-cells expressing Vβ22. We also observed low
frequencies of effector and central-memory CD8+ T-cells expressing Vβ2 in
PAD, which correlated with a greater lesion size. Particular Vβ expansions point to
CD8+ T-cell clones that are selected during CL immune responses,
suggesting that CD8+ T-lymphocytes expressing Vβ12 or Vβ22 are involved in
a LDE response and that Vβ2 contractions in memory CD8+T-cells are
associated with larger lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferraz
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Clarissa Ferreira Cunha
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Maria Inês Pimentel
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmaniose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmaniose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Armando Oliveira Schubach
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmaniose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | | | - Alda Maria Da-Cruz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gollob KJ, Viana AG, Dutra WO. Immunoregulation in human American leishmaniasis: balancing pathology and protection. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:367-76. [PMID: 24471648 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis covers a broad spectrum of diseases with distinct, and sometimes overlapping, characteristics. The common thread in all forms of leishmaniasis is the infection by the parasite Leishmania belonging to the genus Leishmania. Upon infection of humans, there can be at least three outcomes, (i) control of Leishmania by the host immune response resulting in asymptomatic disease, (ii) patent infection and development of a relatively mild form of leishmaniasis and (iii) patent infection and development of severe clinical forms. The factors that determine the outcome of an initial inoculation with Leishmania are many, with the species of Leishmania representing one of the strongest predictive factors for the development of a given clinical form of disease. This is seen with L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis, infection leading mostly to tegumentary forms of disease, and L. infantum with the potential to induce visceral disease. However, it is also clear that the host immune response is a key factor in disease progression, not only responsible for control of Leishmania, but also playing an important role in disease progression and pathology. This duality between protective and pathogenic immune responses in individuals infected with Leishmania in the Americas is the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Gollob
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Biomedicine, Institute for Education and Research, Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology - Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
da Silva Santos C, Attarha S, Saini RK, Boaventura V, Costa J, Khouri R, Barral-Netto M, Brodskyn CI, Souchelnytskyi S. Proteome profiling of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:400-410. [PMID: 25207817 PMCID: PMC4291685 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used proteomics and biological network analysis to evaluate the potential biological processes and components present in the identified proteins of biopsies from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients infected by Leishmania braziliensis in comparison with normal skin. We identified 59 proteins differently expressed in samples from infected and normal skin. Biological network analysis employing identified proteins showed the presence of networks that may be involved in the cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. After immunohistochemical analyses, the expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, and granzyme B was validated in the tissue and positively correlated with the lesion size in CL patients. In conclusion, this work identified differentially expressed proteins in the inflammatory site of CL, revealed enhanced expression of caspase-9, and highlighted mechanisms associated with the progression of tissue damage observed in lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanaz Attarha
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ravi Kanth Saini
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viviane Boaventura
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jackson Costa
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ida Brodskyn
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Passos S, Carvalho LP, Costa RS, Campos TM, Novais FO, Magalhães A, Machado PRL, Beiting D, Mosser D, Carvalho EM, Scott P. Intermediate monocytes contribute to pathologic immune response in Leishmania braziliensis infections. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:274-82. [PMID: 25139016 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcer development in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis is associated with high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We found that early after infection, before ulcer development, the frequency of CD16(+) (both intermediate [CD14(+)CD16(+)] and nonclassical [CD14(dim)CD16(+)]) monocytes was increased in the peripheral blood of patients with L. braziliensis, compared with uninfected controls. These results suggest that CD16(+) monocytes might promote disease. Also, we found that intermediate monocytes expressed CCR2 and that increased levels of CCL2 protein were present in lesions from patients, suggesting that intermediate monocytes are more likely than nonclassical monocytes to migrate to the lesion site. Finally, we found that the intermediate monocytes produced TNF. Our results show that intermediate monocytes are increased in frequency soon after infection; express CCR2, which would promote their migration into the lesions; and, owing to their production of TNF, can enhance the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Passos
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rúbia S Costa
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos
| | - Taís M Campos
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos
| | - Fernanda O Novais
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Paulo R L Machado
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - David Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vieira ÉLM, Keesen TSL, Machado PR, Guimarães LH, Carvalho EM, Dutra WO, Gollob KJ. Immunoregulatory profile of monocytes from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and association with lesion size. Parasite Immunol 2013; 35:65-72. [PMID: 23050581 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease composed of several clinical forms that adversely affect millions of people globally. Critical cells involved in the host-Leishmania interaction are monocytes and macrophages, which act to protect against infections due to their ability to both control intracellular infections and regulate the subsequent adaptive immune response. Both soluble factors and cell surface receptors are keys in directing the immune response following interaction with pathogens such as Leishmania. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an essential role in immune responses against infections, but little is known about their role in human infection with Leishmania braziliensis. In this work, we evaluated peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes for the expression of immunoregulatory cytokines, co-stimulatory molecules and TLR9 from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients infected with L. braziliensis and noninfected individuals. Our results showed that patients present decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 following culture with media alone or after stimulus with soluble Leishmania antigen. Interestingly, TLR9 expression was higher after culture with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), suggesting a role of this molecule in immunoregulation of active disease. Lastly, higher frequencies of TLR9+ monocytes were correlated with greater lesion size. These findings demonstrate a peripheral monocytes profile compatible with important immunoregulatory potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- É L M Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Menezes CAS, Sullivan AK, Falta MT, Mack DG, Freed BM, Rocha MOC, Gollob KJ, Fontenot AP, Dutra WO. Highly conserved CDR3 region in circulating CD4(+)Vβ5(+) T cells may be associated with cytotoxic activity in Chagas disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 169:109-18. [PMID: 22774985 PMCID: PMC3406370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi leads to Chagas disease, which presents as several different clinical conditions ranging from an asymptomatic form to a severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Several studies have demonstrated that T cells play a critical role in the development of cardiac pathology, as well as in immunoregulation during chronic disease. However, the mechanisms that drive protective or pathogenic T cell response are not known. We have shown that CD4(+) T cells from chagasic patients preferentially express T cell receptor (TCR) β-chain variable region (Vβ) 5. The aim of this work was to determine whether T cells expressing this particular Vβ region displayed variable or restricted CDR3 sequences, as an indicator of the nature of the stimulus leading to the activation of these T cells in vivo. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate phenotypic characteristics of these cells that might be associated with pathology. CDR3 junctional region sequencing of Vβ5·1 expressing CD4(+) T cells revealed the occurrence of a highly homologous CDR3 region with conserved TCR Jβ region usage among patients with cardiac, but not indeterminate, Chagas disease. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the frequency of CD4(+)Vβ5·1(+) cells is associated with granzyme A expression, suggesting that these cells might display cytotoxic function. Together these results provide new insight into T cell recognition of antigens involved in Chagas disease and suggest that these cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of chagasic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Chagas Disease/genetics
- Chagas Disease/immunology
- Chagas Disease/metabolism
- Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry
- Complementarity Determining Regions/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A S Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Exact and Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Oliveira CI, Brodskyn CI. The immunobiology of Leishmania braziliensis infection. Front Immunol 2012; 3:145. [PMID: 22701117 PMCID: PMC3370302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania that affect millions of people worldwide. These diseases are caused by distinct Leishmania species, of which L. braziliensis, a New World representative of the Leishmania genus, has been the least studied. Although leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis induces a range of clinical manifestations ranging from mild localized lesions to severe mucosal involvement, few studies have focused on elucidating the immune mechanisms behind this pathology. In this review, we focus on the immunobiology of L. braziliensis infection, emphasizing the innate and adaptive immune responses and taking into consideration both studies performed in endemic areas and experimental models of infection. Additionally, we address recent findings regarding the role of sand fly saliva in disease immunopathogenesis and vaccine development.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sánchez-Sampedro L, Gómez CE, Mejías-Pérez E, S. Sorzano CO, Esteban M. High quality long-term CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory populations stimulated by DNA-LACK/MVA-LACK regimen in Leishmania major BALB/c model of infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38859. [PMID: 22715418 PMCID: PMC3371028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous vaccination based on priming with a plasmid DNA vector and boosting with an attenuated vaccinia virus MVA recombinant, with both vectors expressing the Leishmania infantum LACK antigen (DNA-LACK and MVA-LACK), has shown efficacy conferring protection in murine and canine models against cutaneus and visceral leishmaniasis, but the immune parameters of protection remain ill defined. Here we performed by flow cytometry an in depth analysis of the T cell populations induced in BALB/c mice during the vaccination protocol DNA-LACK/MVA-LACK, as well as after challenge with L. major parasites. In the adaptive response, there is a polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation against LACK antigen. At the memory phase the heterologous vaccination induces high quality LACK-specific long-term CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory cells. After parasite challenge, there is a moderate boosting of LACK-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Anti-vector responses were largely CD8+-mediated. The immune parameters induced against LACK and triggered by the combined vaccination DNA/MVA protocol, like polyfunctionality of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with an effector phenotype, could be relevant in protection against leishmaniasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/pharmacology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dogs
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Immunologic Memory/drug effects
- Leishmania major/genetics
- Leishmania major/immunology
- Leishmaniasis Vaccines/genetics
- Leishmaniasis Vaccines/immunology
- Leishmaniasis Vaccines/pharmacology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/genetics
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/pharmacology
- Vaccinia virus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sánchez-Sampedro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|