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Zhang Y, Pan Y, Lin H, Chen X, He P, Wang Y, Chen P, Chu Q. Crude Tieguanyin oolong tea polysaccharides regulate intestinal immune and gut microflora in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice colitis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3156-3166. [PMID: 38073022 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have been increasing. Epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and animal experiments have indicated a negative association between the consumption of tea and IBD. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of crude Tieguanyin oolong tea polysaccharides (CTPS) on experimental colitis, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The administration of CTPS significantly alleviated IBD in the mouse model, and was found to regulate T-cell mediated immune responses in the colon by modulating cytokine production associated with T cells. Furthermore, CTPS demonstrated a positive impact on the gut microbiota, reversing the increase in pathogenic Helicobacter and enhancing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Odoribacter. Oral administration of CTPS also led to an improvement in intestinal metabolism, specifically by increasing the levels of short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION This study provides the first in vivo evidence of the protective effects of CTPS on colitis in mice. The effects are likely facilitated through the regulation of T cell-mediated responses and modulation of the gut microbiota, suggesting that CTPS may be a potential preventive and therapeutic approach for IBD. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yani Pan
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Puming He
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bernard JK, Bucar EB, Liu CY, Katada K, Washington MK, Schumacher MA, Frey MR. Deletion of Endogenous Neuregulin-4 Limits Adaptive Immunity During Interleukin-10 Receptor-Neutralizing Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1778-1792. [PMID: 37265326 PMCID: PMC10628918 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factors are essential for maintenance of intestinal health. We previously showed that exogenous neuregulin-4 (NRG4) promotes colonocyte survival during cytokine challenge and is protective against acute models of intestinal inflammation. However, the function(s) of endogenous NRG4 are not well understood. Using NRG4-/- mice, we tested the role of endogenous NRG4 in models of colitis skewed toward either adaptive (interleukin-10 receptor [IL-10R] neutralization) or innate (dextran sulfate sodium [DSS]) immune responses. METHODS NRG4-/- and wild-type cage mate mice were subjected to chronic IL-10R neutralization colitis and acute DSS colitis. Disease was assessed by histological examination, inflammatory cytokine levels, fecal lipocalin-2 levels, and single cell mass cytometry immune cell profiling. Homeostatic gene alterations were evaluated by RNA sequencing analysis from colonic homogenates, with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmation in both tissue and isolated epithelium. RESULTS During IL-10R neutralization colitis, NRG4-/- mice had reduced colonic inflammatory cytokine expression, histological damage, and colonic CD8+ T cell numbers vs wild-type cage mates. Conversely, in DSS colitis, NRG4-/- mice had elevated cytokine expression, fecal lipocalin-2 levels, and impaired weight recovery. RNA sequencing showed a loss of St3gal4, a sialyltransferase involved in immune cell trafficking, in NRG4-null colons, which was verified in both tissue and isolated epithelium. The regulation of St3gal4 by NRG4 was confirmed with ex vivo epithelial colon organoid cultures from NRG4-/- mice and by induction of St3gal4 in vivo following NRG4 treatment. CONCLUSIONS NRG4 regulates colonic epithelial ST3GAL4 and thus may allow for robust recruitment of CD8+ T cells during adaptive immune responses in colitis. On the other hand, NRG4 loss exacerbates injury driven by innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Bernard
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Craniofacial Biology Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edie B Bucar
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cambrian Y Liu
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kay Katada
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary K Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael A Schumacher
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ma L, Terrell M, Brown J, Castellanos Garcia A, Elshikha A, Morel L. TLR7/TLR8 activation and susceptibility genes synergize to breach gut barrier in a mouse model of lupus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187145. [PMID: 37483626 PMCID: PMC10358848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that increased gut permeability, or leaky gut, and the resulting translocation of pathobionts or their metabolites contributes to the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of gut leakage remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of a treatment with a TLR7/8 agonist in the B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 triple congenic (TC) mouse, a spontaneous mouse model of lupus without gut leakage. Materials and methods Lupus-prone mice (TC), TC.Rag1-/- mice that lack B and T cells, and congenic B6 healthy controls were treated with R848. Gut barrier integrity was assessed by measuring FITC-dextran in the serum following oral gavage. Claudin-1 and PECAM1 expression as well as the extent of CD45+ immune cells, B220+ B cells, CD3+ T cells and CD11b+ myeloid cells were measured in the ileum by immunofluorescence. NKp46+ cells were measured in the ileum and colon by immunofluorescence. Immune cells in the ileum were also analyzed by flow cytometry. Results R848 decreased gut barrier integrity in TC but not in congenic control B6 mice. Immunofluorescence staining of the ileum showed a reduced expression of the tight junction protein Claudin-1, endothelial cell tight junction PECAM1, as well as an increased infiltration of immune cells, including B cells and CD11b+ cells, in R848-treated TC as compared to untreated control mice. However, NKp46+ cells which play critical role in maintaining gut barrier integrity, had a lower frequency in treated TC mice. Flow cytometry showed an increased frequency of plasma cells, dendritic cells and macrophages along with a decreased frequency of NK cells in R848 treated TC mice lamina propria. In addition, we showed that the R848 treatment did not induce gut leakage in TC.Rag1-/- mice that lack mature T and B cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TLR7/8 activation induces a leaky gut in lupus-prone mice, which is mediated by adaptive immune responses. TLR7/8 activation is however not sufficient to breach gut barrier integrity in non-autoimmune mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Morgan Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Josephine Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abigail Castellanos Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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4
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Uhde M, Indart AC, Green PH, Yolken RH, Cook DB, Shukla SK, Vernon SD, Alaedini A. Suppressed immune and metabolic responses to intestinal damage-associated microbial translocation in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100627. [PMID: 37396339 PMCID: PMC10308215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology and mechanism of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are poorly understood and no biomarkers have been established. Specifically, the relationship between the immunologic, metabolic, and gastrointestinal abnormalities associated with ME/CFS and their relevance to established symptoms of the condition remain unclear. Relying on data from two independent pairs of ME/CFS and control cohorts, one at rest and one undergoing an exercise challenge, we identify a state of suppressed acute-phase innate immune response to microbial translocation in conjunction with a compromised gut epithelium in ME/CFS. This immunosuppression, along with observed enhancement of compensatory antibody responses to counter the microbial translocation, was associated with and may be mediated by alterations in glucose and citrate metabolism and an IL-10 immunoregulatory response. Our findings provide novel insights into mechanistic pathways, biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets in ME/CFS, including in the context of exertion, with relevance to both intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Uhde
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa C. Indart
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H.R. Green
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert H. Yolken
- The Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay K. Shukla
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | | | - Armin Alaedini
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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5
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Riquelme-Neira R, Walker-Vergara R, Fernández-Blanco JA, Vergara P. IL-10 Modulates the Expression and Activation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9875. [PMID: 37373041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are involved in several immune-related responses, including those in bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer, among others. MCs identify microorganisms by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating a secretory response. Interleukin (IL)-10 has been described as an important modulator of MC responses; however, its role in PRR-mediated activation of MC is not fully understood. We analyzed the activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) in mucosal-like MCs (MLMCs) and peritoneum-derived cultured MCs (PCMCs) from IL-10-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. IL-10-/- mice showed a reduced expression of TLR4 and NOD2 at week 6 and TLR7 at week 20 in MLMC. In MLMC and PCMC, TLR2 activation induced a reduced secretion of IL-6 and TNFα in IL-10-/- MCs. TLR4- and TLR7-mediated secretion of IL-6 and TNFα was not detected in PCMCs. Finally, no cytokine release was induced by NOD2 ligand, and responses to TLR2 and TLR4 were lower in MCs at 20 weeks. These findings indicate that PRR activation in MCs depends on the phenotype, ligand, age, and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Riquelme-Neira
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Walker-Vergara
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
| | - Joan Antoni Fernández-Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Costa EM, Silva S, Pereira CF, Ribeiro AB, Casanova F, Freixo R, Pintado M, Ramos ÓL. Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Food Emulsifier: Are Its Days Numbered? Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102408. [PMID: 37242982 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose use in industry is ubiquitous. Though it is recognized as safe by the EFSA and FDA, newer works have raised concerns related to its safety, as in vivo studies showed evidence of gut dysbiosis associated with CMC's presence. Herein lies the question, is CMC a gut pro-inflammatory compound? As no work addressed this question, we sought to understand whether CMC was pro-inflammatory through the immunomodulation of GI tract epithelial cells. The results showed that while CMC was not cytotoxic up to 25 mg/mL towards Caco-2, HT29-MTX and Hep G2 cells, it had an overall pro-inflammatory behavior. In a Caco-2 monolayer, CMC by itself increased IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α secretion, with the latter increasing by 1924%, and with these increases being 9.7 times superior to the one obtained for the IL-1β pro-inflammation control. In co-culture models, an increase in secretion in the apical side, particularly for IL-6 (692% increase), was observed, and when RAW 264.7 was added, data showed a more complex scenario as stimulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IFN-β) cytokines in the basal side was observed. Considering these results, CMC may exert a pro-inflammatory effect in the intestinal lumen, and despite more studies being required, the incorporation of CMC in foodstuffs must be carefully considered in the future to minimize potential GI tract dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra B Ribeiro
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Casanova
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Freixo
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar L Ramos
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Alake SE, Lightfoot S, Wozniak K, Lin D, Chowanadisai W, Smith BJ, Lucas EA. Wheat Germ Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Gut Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Female Interleukin-10 Knockout Mice Fed a Pro-Atherogenic Diet. J Nutr 2023; 153:870-879. [PMID: 36813578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice lacking IL-10 are prone to gut inflammation. Additionally, decreased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) plays a significant role in the high-fat (HF) diet-induced loss of gut epithelial integrity. We have previously shown that wheat germ (WG) supplementation increased ileal expression of IL-22, an important cytokine in maintaining gut epithelial homeostasis. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of WG supplementation on gut inflammation and epithelial integrity in IL-10 knockout mice fed a pro-atherogenic diet. METHODS Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 wild type mice were fed a control diet (10% fat kcal), and age-matched knockout mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets (n = 10/group): control, high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) [(43.4% fat kcal (∼49% saturated fat, 1% cholesterol)], or HFHC + 10% WG (HFWG) for 12 wk. Fecal SCFAs and total indole, ileal, and serum proinflammatory cytokines, gene or protein expression of tight junctions, and immunomodulatory transcription factors were assessed. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fecal acetate, total SCFAs, and indole increased (P < 0.05) by at least 20% in HFWG compared with the other groups. WG increased (P < 0.0001, 2-fold) ileal Il22 (interleukin 22) to Il22ra2 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 2) mRNA ratio and prevented the HFHC diet-mediated increase in ileal protein expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and pSTAT3 (phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). WG also prevented the HFHC diet-mediated reduction (P < 0.05) in ileal protein expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1. Serum and ileal concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-17, were lower (P < 0.05) by at least 30% in the HFWG group than in the HFHC group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory potential of WG in IL-10 KO mice consuming an atherogenic diet is partly attributable to its effects on the IL-22 signaling and pSTAT3-mediated production of T helper 17 proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmi E Alake
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Stanley Lightfoot
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City Veterans Affair, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Karen Wozniak
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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McGovern KE, Sonar SA, Watanabe M, Coplen CP, Bradshaw CM, Nikolich JŽ. The aging of the immune system and its implications for transplantation. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-022-00720-2. [PMID: 36626019 PMCID: PMC9838392 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
By the last third of life, most mammals, including humans, exhibit a decline in immune cell numbers, immune organ structure, and immune defense of the organism, commonly known as immunosenescence. This decline leads to clinical manifestations of increased susceptibility to infections, particularly those caused by emerging and reemerging microorganisms, which can reach staggering levels-infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been 270-fold more lethal to older adults over 80 years of age, compared to their 18-39-year-old counterparts. However, while this would be expected to be beneficial to situations where hyporeactivity of the immune system may be desirable, this is not always the case. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular underpinnings of immunosenescence as they pertain to outcomes of solid organ and hematopoietic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McGovern
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sandip A Sonar
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christopher P Coplen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christine M Bradshaw
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Aegis Consortium for Pandemic-free Future, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85719, USA.
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9
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Lin H, Chen X, He P, Wang Y, Chu Q. Tieguanyin extracts ameliorated DSS-induced mouse colitis by suppressing inflammation and regulating intestinal microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:13040-13051. [PMID: 36453715 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02781j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a typical kind of oolong tea, Tieguanyin, has multiple health benefits, while there is no research investigating its effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we aimed to explore the alleviation effects of Tieguanyin water (TWE) and ethanol (TES) extracts on IBD. Physiological activity status, colitis severity (disease activity index (DAI), colon and spleen weight), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-17, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-10) and microbiota composition were measured in experimental colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). TWE and TES exerted remarkable protective effects against experimental colitis, showing decreased colitis severity and improved colon morphology. TES also suppressed colonic inflammation via downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, and TGF-β) and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, TWE and TES treatment caused significant alterations in the gut microbiota. Oolong tea extract treatment reduced the community abundance of pernicious bacteria Escherichia-Shigella from 21.6% (DSS) to 0.9% (TES) and 1.2% (TWE), and elevated that of probiotics Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group from 2.2% to 15.2% (TES) and 11.9% (TWE). Therefore, TWE and TES both remarkably ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, which suggested oolong extracts could be a candidate for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyu Lin
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Puming He
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Carrasco A, Tristán E, Fernández‐Bañares F, Martín‐Cardona A, Aceituno M, Zabana Y, Fluvià L, Hernández JM, Lorén V, Manyé J, Salas A, Andújar X, Loras C, Esteve M. Mucosal Interleukin‐10 depletion in steroid‐refractory Crohn's disease patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e710. [PMID: 36169258 PMCID: PMC9514060 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) depletion in Crohn's disease (CD) could predict outcome. Aim: To determine IL‐10 in blood and at different intestinal locations in patients with active CD and to assess its potential prognostic capacity to identify aggressive CD. Methods Twenty‐three patients with CD were included. Ulcerative colitis (UC), infectious colitis and healthy individuals acted as controls. Serum and mucosal samples were taken at baseline and 1 month after steroid initiation in CD patients. Patients were classified according to steroid response. Control samples were obtained from different intestinal locations. IL‐10 expression was measured with real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence (intestine) and ELISA (serum, biopsy cultures' supernatants and tissue homogenates). Results CD and UC showed an increase in IL‐10 messenger RNA (mRNA) versus controls (p < .0001) in mucosa, whereas IL‐10 protein secretion was increased in all types of intestinal inflammation (p < .001). No differences in IL‐10 mRNA were found in CD at baseline regarding steroid response, but levels decreased in non‐responders versus responders (p = .027) and were restored with rescue therapy. Serum IL‐10 was increased in steroid‐refractory CD at baseline and after treatment. Conclusions Abnormal IL‐10 levels in refractory patients in both mucosa and blood have physiopathological relevance and may have potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carrasco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Eva Tristán
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Bañares
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Albert Martín‐Cardona
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Montserrat Aceituno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Yamile Zabana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Lourdes Fluvià
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) Badalona Spain
| | - José María Hernández
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) Badalona Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
- Research Group in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) Badalona Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
- Research Group in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) Badalona Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Department of Pathology Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Xavier Andújar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Carme Loras
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Madrid Spain
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11
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Wang H, Chen H, Lin Y, Wang G, Luo Y, Li X, Wang M, Huai M, Li L, Barri A. Butyrate Glycerides Protect against Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:3991. [PMID: 36235644 PMCID: PMC9570839 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the attenuating effects of butyrate glycerides (BG) on intestinal inflammatory responses and barrier dysfunction induced by LPS stimulation. An initial dose-response test was carried out to identify the optimal dose of BG for further testing. The mice were given intragastric administration of BG at different doses followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection. The small intestinal morphology and cytokine mRNA expression were measured. With 1.5 g/kg BW BG administration, it was possible to alleviate the injury of duodenal morphology, attenuate ileum villus height reduction and promote IL-10 mRNA expression. Therefore, the optimal dosage of 1.5 g/kg BW BG was selected for the main experiment. The ultrastructure image of jejunum and ileum epithelial cells, mRNA expression, the level of cytokine and immunofluorescence in the ileum were analyzed. The results showed that BG maintain the ileac brush border, tight junction structures and protein expression. BG attenuated the increased inflammatory cytokines, TLR4 and JNK mRNA expression. Taken together, 1.5 g/kg BW BG administration maintained intestinal barrier function and reduced intestinal and body inflammation responses induced by LPS in mice. The mechanism by which BG alleviated intestinal inflammatory response and maintained intestinal barrier function may be related to the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haohan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueying Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Geng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanqiu Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Lily Li
- BASF SEA Pte Ltd., Singapore 038987, Singapore
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12
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Papoutsopoulou S, Pollock L, Williams JM, Abdul-Mahdi MMLF, Dobbash R, Duckworth CA, Campbell BJ. Interleukin-10 Deficiency Impacts on TNF-Induced NFκB Regulated Responses In Vivo. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1377. [PMID: 36290283 PMCID: PMC9598475 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role against intestinal inflammation. We recently revealed that intestinal epithelial cells in vitro regulate NFκB-driven transcriptional responses to TNF via an autocrine mechanism dependent on IL-10 secretion. Here in this study, we investigated the impact of IL-10 deficiency on the NFκB pathway and its downstream targets in the small intestinal mucosa in vivo. We observed dysregulation of TNF, IκBα, and A20 gene and protein expression in the small intestine of steady-state or TNF-injected Il10-/- mice, compared to wild-type C57BL6/J counterparts. Upon TNF injection, tissue from the small intestine showed upregulation of NFκB p65[RelA] activity, which was totally diminished in Il10-/- mice and correlated with reduced levels of TNF, IκBα, and A20 expression. In serum, whilst IgA levels were noted to be markedly downregulated in IL-10-deficient- mice, normal levels of mucosal IgA were seen in intestine mucosa. Importantly, dysregulated cytokine/chemokine levels were observed in both serum and intestinal tissue lysates from naïve, as well as TNF-injected Il10-/- mice. These data further support the importance of the IL-10-canonical NFκB signaling pathway axis in regulating intestinal mucosa homeostasis and response to inflammatory triggers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Liam Pollock
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Williams
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Maya M. L. F. Abdul-Mahdi
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Reyhaneh Dobbash
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Carrie A. Duckworth
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Barry J. Campbell
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
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13
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Yang C, Sung J, Long D, Alghoul Z, Merlin D. Prevention of Ulcerative Colitis by Autologous Metabolite Transfer from Colitogenic Microbiota Treated with Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating an Anti-Inflammatory Drug Candidate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061233. [PMID: 35745805 PMCID: PMC9228491 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the gut microbiota composition is a potent approach to treat various chronic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the current methods, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, carry a risk of serious infections due to the transmission of multi-drug-resistant organisms. Here, we developed an organism-free strategy in which the gut microbiota is modulated ex vivo and microbiota-secreted metabolites are transferred back to the host. Using feces collected from the interleukin-10 (IL-10) knockout mouse model of chronic UC, we found that a drug candidate (M13)-loaded natural-lipid nanoparticle (M13/nLNP) modified the composition of the ex vivo-cultured inflamed gut microbiota and its secreted metabolites. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that M13/nLNP shifted the inflamed microbiota composition toward the non-inflamed direction. This compositional modification induced significant changes in the chemical profiles of secreted metabolites, which proved to be anti-inflammatory against in vitro-cultured NF-κβ reporter cells. Further, when these metabolites were orally administered to mice, they established strong protection against the formation of chronic inflammation. Our study demonstrates that ex vivo modulation of microbiota using M13/nLNP effectively reshaped the microbial secreted metabolites and that oral transfer of these metabolites might be an effective and safe therapeutic approach for preventing chronic UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30302, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Junsik Sung
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Dingpei Long
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Zahra Alghoul
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30302, USA
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14
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Roy R, Soldin SJ, Stolze B, Barbieri M, Tawalbeh SM, Rouhana N, Fronczek AE, Nagaraju K, van den Anker J, Dang UJ, Hoffman EP. Acute serum protein and cytokine response of single dose of prednisone in adult volunteers. Steroids 2022; 178:108953. [PMID: 35026285 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological glucocorticoids are the most prescribed anti-inflammatory medications, and are chemical variants of cortisol, the circadian and stress hormone. Both endogenous and pharmacological glucocorticoids bind the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) with high affinity, and both then bind downstream gene promoter elements (GRE) to drive positive gene transcription of many proteins. Glucocorticoid/GR complexes also bind distinct negative gene promoter elements (nGRE) to inhibit expression of genes involved in NF-κB innate immunity signaling. We sought to define the acute response of a single dose of prednisone (0.2 mg/kg) in young adult volunteers, with blood samples taken at baseline, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h post-oral dose. To control for circadian morning cortisol hitting the same molecular pathways, a day of blood draws was done without oral prednisone (same time of day), one day prior to drug day. Serum samples were processed for steroid hormone profiles (mass spectrometry; 9 steroidal hormones), proteomics (SOMAscan aptamer panels, 1,305 proteins), and inflammatory markers (Meso Scale Discovery; 10 pro-inflammatory cytokines). The pharmacological effect of the prednisone dose was shown by significant declines of adrenal steroids by 3 h after dosing. IL-10 showed drug-related increase to 4 hrs, then decrease to 6 hrs. IL-8 showed drug-related decrease in serum by 4 h, consistent with direct negative action of GR/ligand on IL-8 gene promoter. Proteomics data showed beta-2 microglobulin, TNFSF15, TSH, CST3, NBL1 to show time-related decreases with prednisone, while CXCL13 showed increases, although these require validation. In summary, a single low dose of prednisone leads to broad suppression of the adrenal axis within 3 h, and down-regulation of inflammatory serum proteins by 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runia Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson School of Engineering, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Steven J Soldin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brian Stolze
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marissa Barbieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Shefa M Tawalbeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson School of Engineering, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Rouhana
- Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton NY, United States
| | - Ann E Fronczek
- Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton NY, United States
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | | | - Utkarsh J Dang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson School of Engineering, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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15
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Yener S, Akbulut KG, Karakuş R, Erdoğan D, Acartürk F. Development of melatonin loaded pectin nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Calatayud M, Börner RA, Ghyselinck J, Verstrepen L, Medts JD, den Abbeele PV, Boulangé CL, Priour S, Marzorati M, Damak S. Water Kefir and Derived Pasteurized Beverages Modulate Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability and Cytokine Production In Vitro. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113897. [PMID: 34836151 PMCID: PMC8625349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is an ancient food preservation process, and fermented products have been traditionally consumed in different cultures worldwide over the years. The interplay between human gut microbiota, diet and host health is widely recognized. Diet is one of the main factors modulating gut microbiota potentially with beneficial effects on human health. Fermented dairy products have received much attention, but other sources of probiotic delivery through food received far less attention. In this research, a combination of in vitro tools mimicking colonic fermentation and the intestinal epithelium have been applied to study the effect of different pasteurized and non-pasteurized water kefir products on gut microbiota, epithelial barrier function and immunomodulation. Water kefir increased beneficial short-chain fatty acid production at the microbial level, reduced detrimental proteolytic fermentation compounds and increased Bifidobacterium genus abundance. The observed benefits are enhanced by pasteurization. Pasteurized products also had a significant effect at the host level, improving inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and increasing IL-10 and IL-1β compared to the control condition. Our data support the potential health benefits of water kefir and demonstrate that pasteurization, performed to prolong shelf life and stability of the product, also enhanced these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Aragao Börner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Jonas Ghyselinck
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Lynn Verstrepen
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Jelle De Medts
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Claire L. Boulangé
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Priour
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (R.A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Sami Damak
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
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17
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Caballol B, Gudiño V, Panes J, Salas A. Ulcerative colitis: shedding light on emerging agents and strategies in preclinical and early clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:931-946. [PMID: 34365869 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1965122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine. Progress in preclinical therapeutic target discovery and clinical trial design has resulted in the approval of new therapies. Nonetheless, remission rates remain below 30% thus underlining the need for novel, more effective therapies. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews current experimental techniques available for drug testing in intestinal inflammation and examines new therapies in clinical development for the treatment of UC. The authors searched the literature for 'ulcerative colitis' AND 'preclinical' OR 'drug target/drug name' (i.e. infliximab, vedolizumab, IL-12, IL-23, JAK, etc.). Studies that included preclinical in vivo or in vitro experiments are discussed. The clinicaltrial.gov site was searched for 'ulcerative colitis' AND 'Recruiting' OR 'Active, not recruiting' AND 'Interventional (Clinical Trial)' AND 'early phase 1' OR 'phase 1' OR 'phase 2' OR 'phase 3.' EXPERT OPINION Using in vivo, ex vivo, and/or in vitro models could increase the success rates of drugs moving to clinical trials, and hence increase the efficiency of this costly process. Selective JAK1 inhibitors, S1P modulators, and anti-p19 antibodies are the most promising options to improve treatment effectiveness. The development of drugs with gut-restricted exposure may provide increased efficacy and an improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Caballol
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Gudiño
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Panes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Papoutsopoulou S, Pollock L, Walker C, Tench W, Samad SS, Bergey F, Lenzi L, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Rosenstiel P, Alam MT, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Müller W, Campbell BJ. Impact of Interleukin 10 Deficiency on Intestinal Epithelium Responses to Inflammatory Signals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690817. [PMID: 34220850 PMCID: PMC8244292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic, anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role in the intestine. Although its production by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system has been extensively studied, its intrinsic role in intestinal epithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, we utilised both ATAC sequencing and RNA sequencing to define the transcriptional response of murine enteroids to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). We identified that the key early phase drivers of the transcriptional response to TNF within intestinal epithelium were NFκB transcription factor dependent. Using wild-type and Il10-/- enteroid cultures, we showed an intrinsic, intestinal epithelium specific effect of IL-10 deficiency on TNF-induced gene transcription, with significant downregulation of identified NFκB target genes Tnf, Ccl20, and Cxcl10, and delayed overexpression of NFκB inhibitor encoding genes, Nfkbia and Tnfaip3. IL-10 deficiency, or immunoblockade of IL-10 receptor, impacted on TNF-induced endogenous NFκB activity and downstream NFκB target gene transcription. Intestinal epithelium-derived IL-10 appears to play a crucial role as a positive regulator of the canonical NFκB pathway, contributing to maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. This is particularly important in the context of an inflammatory environment and highlights the potential for future tissue-targeted IL-10 therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Liam Pollock
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Walker
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William Tench
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sakim Shakh Samad
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research (CGR), Department of Evolution, Ecology & Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Phillip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tauqeer Alam
- Warwick Medical School, Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform (RTP), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vitor A. P. Martins Dos Santos
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Werner Müller
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J. Campbell
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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19
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Wang Y, Wang N, Cui L, Li Y, Cao Z, Wu X, Wang Q, Zhang B, Ma C, Cheng Y. Long Non-coding RNA MEG3 Alleviated Ulcerative Colitis Through Upregulating miR-98-5p-Sponged IL-10. Inflammation 2021; 44:1049-1059. [PMID: 33394187 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory chronic colitis disease with the particularly complex cause. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be related to the development of UC. LncRNA MEG3 has been proved to play an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases, which share similar pathogenesis with UC, indicating the potential involvement of lncRNA MEG3 in UC. This study aims to investigate the functional role and underlying mechanism of lncRNA MEG3 in UC. Gradient concentration of H2O2 (0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 μM) was used to induce Caco-2 damage models in vitro. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. LncRNA MEG3, miR-98-5p, and IL-10 levels in H2O2-treated Caco-2 cells were assessed by performing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, the binding relationship between lncRNA MEG3 and miR-98-5p, as well as the binding relationship between miR-98-5p and IL-10, was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution (TNBS) was applied to induce ulcerative colitis in young rats. The body weight, disease activity index (DAI), length and weight of the colons, pathological scores of UC rats, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory cytokines were determined to evaluate the effects of lncRNA MEG3 on the progression of UC. Besides, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was exploited to observe histological changes of UC rat colons. In addition, western blotting analysis was also performed to evaluate the apoptosis and pyroptosis-related protein levels. Moreover, lncRNA MEG3, miR-98-5p, and IL-10 levels in UC rat colons were further assessed by RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, IL-10 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. LncRNA MEG3 and IL-10 levels were distinctly decreased while miR-98-5p was increased in Caco-2 damage models and UC rats. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding sites of lncRNA MEG3 to miR-98-5p and miR-98-5p to IL-10. Besides, dual-luciferase reporter assay validated the negative correlation between lncRNA MEG3 and miR-98-5p, miR-98-5p, and IL-10. Overexpressed lncRNA MEG3 reduced. DAI scores and colon weight/length ratio improved UC ulceration. In addition, upregulation of lncRNA MEG3 relieved oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and pyroptosis of UC rat colons. LncRNA MEG3 overexpression alleviates the serve ulceration of UC rat colons by upregulating IL-10 expression via sponging miR-98-5p. To sum up, this study reveals the protective role of lncRNA MEG3 in the development of UC and may provide potential therapeutic targets for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Lianlian Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenfeng Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qianhan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Caixia Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China.
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20
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Krawiec P, Pawłowska-Kamieniak A, Pac-Kożuchowska E. Interleukin 10 and interleukin 10 receptor in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: from bench to bedside lesson. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 33691712 PMCID: PMC7948370 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The differences between adults and children in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) phenotype, severity, complications, co-morbidities, and response to the therapy resulted in the extraction of paediatric IBD. It has been revealed that the substantial role in the development of IBD in children under 6 years of age plays a single genetic mutation (monogenic IBD). On the other hand, in older children and adolescents IBD is usually associated with number of interactions between susceptibility loci (polygenic IBD). Main body Until now there have been described about 60 monogenic defects which affect the variety of immune mechanisms in IBD pathogenesis including epithelial barrier, function of neutrophil granulocytes and phagocytes, T- and B-cell selection and activation, immune inhibitory mechanisms, or apoptosis. Il-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which modulates innate and adaptive immunity affecting expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and function of the variety of immune cells. Patients with identified defects in Il-10 pathway manifest with life-threating colitis with perianal lesions which occurs within first months of life. Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative therapy in children with Il-10 signalling defects. Conclusion Clinical awareness of Il-10 signalling defects enables early recognition and prompt management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Elżbieta Pac-Kożuchowska
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
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21
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Rocamora-Reverte L, Melzer FL, Würzner R, Weinberger B. The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging. Front Immunol 2021; 11:616949. [PMID: 33584708 PMCID: PMC7873351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a tightly regulated network which allows the development of defense mechanisms against foreign antigens and tolerance toward self-antigens. Regulatory T cells (Treg) contribute to immune homeostasis by maintaining unresponsiveness to self-antigens and suppressing exaggerated immune responses. Dysregulation of any of these processes can lead to serious consequences. Classically, Treg cell functions have been described in CD4+ T cells, but other immune cells also harbour the capacity to modulate immune responses. Regulatory functions have been described for different CD8+ T cell subsets, as well as other T cells such as γδT cells or NKT cells. In this review we describe the diverse populations of Treg cells and their role in different scenarios. Special attention is paid to the aging process, which is characterized by an altered composition of immune cells. Treg cells can contribute to the development of various age-related diseases but they are poorly characterized in aged individuals. The huge diversity of cells that display immune modulatory functions and the lack of universal markers to identify Treg make the expanding field of Treg research complex and challenging. There are still many open questions that need to be answered to solve the enigma of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franz Leonard Melzer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Choudhry H. The Microbiome and Its Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:E206. [PMID: 33401586 PMCID: PMC7795182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for ~18 million deaths globally each year, representing a major cause of death. Several types of therapy strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, have been implemented in treating various types of cancer. Microbes have recently been found to be both directly and indirectly involved in cancer progression and regulation, and studies have provided novel and clear insights into the microbiome-mediated emergence of cancers. Scientists around the globe are striving hard to identify and characterize these microbes and the underlying mechanisms by which they promote or suppress various kinds of cancer. Microbes may influence immunotherapy by blocking various cell cycle checkpoints and the production of certain metabolites. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand the role of these microbes in the promotion and suppression of cancer. The identification of microbes may help in the development of future diagnostic tools to cure cancers possibly associated with the microbiome. This review mainly focuses on various microbes and their association with different types of cancer, responses to immunotherapeutic modulation, physiological responses, and prebiotic and postbiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Genomic Analysis of Oral Lichen Planus and Related Oral Microbiome Pathogens. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110952. [PMID: 33207582 PMCID: PMC7697643 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting the oral mucosa. The pathogenesis of OLP is incompletely understood but is thought to be related to the immune system. As the oral cavity is a major reservoir and transmission gateway for bacteria, viruses, and fungi, the microbial composition of the oral cavity could play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP. However, limited by analytic technology and knowledge of the microbial community in the oral cavity, it is not yet clear which pathogens are associated with OLP. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool to identify pathogens for many infectious diseases. In this study, we compared the host cell gene expression profiles and the microbial profiles between OLP patients and matched healthy individuals. We identified the activation of the hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha (HNF4A) network in OLP patients and potential pathogens, including Corynebacterium matruchotii, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, and Prevotella denticola. Prevotella denticola is capable of activating the HNF4A gene network. Our findings shed light on the previously elusive association of OLP with various diseases like hepatitis, and indicate that OLP is a T-helper type 17 (Th17) mediated mucosal inflammatory process. The identified molecular pathways and microbes could be used to inform future investigations into OLP pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutics for OLP treatment.
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24
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Fay NC, Muthusamy BP, Nyugen LP, Desai RC, Taverner A, MacKay J, Seung M, Hunter T, Liu K, Chandalia A, Coyle MP, Kim HL, Postlethwaite S, Mangat K, Song L, Seto E, Alam A, Olson CV, Feng W, Saberi M, Mahmood TA, Mrsny RJ. A Novel Fusion of IL-10 Engineered to Traffic across Intestinal Epithelium to Treat Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3191-3204. [PMID: 33148717 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine capable of suppressing a number of proinflammatory signals associated with intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Clinical use of human IL-10 (hIL-10) has been limited by anemia and thrombocytopenia following systemic injection, side effects that might be eliminated by a gut-restricted distribution. We have identified a transcytosis pathway used by cholix, an exotoxin secreted by nonpandemic forms of the intestinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae A nontoxic fragment of the first 386 aa of cholix was genetically fused to hIL-10 to produce recombinant AMT-101. In vitro and in vivo characterization of AMT-101 showed it to efficiently cross healthy human intestinal epithelium (SMI-100) by a vesicular transcytosis process, activate hIL-10 receptors in an engineered U2OS osteosarcoma cell line, and increase cellular phospho-STAT3 levels in J774.2 mouse macrophage cells. AMT-101 was taken up by inflamed intestinal mucosa and activated pSTAT3 in the lamina propria with limited systemic distribution. AMT-101 administered to healthy mice by oral gavage or to cynomolgus monkeys (nonhuman primates) by colonic spray increased circulating levels of IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra). Oral gavage of AMT-101 in two mouse models of induced colitis prevented associated pathological events and plasma cytokine changes. Overall, these studies suggest that AMT-101 can efficiently overcome the epithelial barrier to focus biologically active IL-10 to the intestinal lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Fay
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | | | - Linh P Nyugen
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Radhika C Desai
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Alistair Taverner
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Julia MacKay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Minji Seung
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Tom Hunter
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Keyi Liu
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | | | - Michael P Coyle
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Hyojin L Kim
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | | | | | - Lisa Song
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Elbert Seto
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Aatif Alam
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Charles V Olson
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Weijun Feng
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Maziyar Saberi
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Tahir A Mahmood
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Randall J Mrsny
- Applied Molecular Transport, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and .,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
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25
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Fantini MC, Favale A, Onali S, Facciotti F. Tumor Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells in Sporadic and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer: The Red Little Riding Hood and the Wolf. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186744. [PMID: 32937953 PMCID: PMC7555219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells represent a class of specialized T lymphocytes that suppress unwanted immune responses and size the activation of the immune system whereby limiting collateral damages in tissues involved by inflammation. In cancer, the accumulation of Tregs is generally associated with poor prognosis. Many lines of evidence indicate that Tregs accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) suppresses the immune response against tumor-associated antigens (TAA), thus promoting tumor progression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSLC), breast carcinoma and melanoma. In colorectal cancer (CRC) the effect of Tregs accumulation is debated. Some reports describe the association of high number of Tregs in CRC stroma with a better prognosis while others failed to find any association. These discordant results stem from the heterogeneity of the immune environment generated in CRC in which anticancer immune response may coexists with tumor promoting inflammation. Moreover, different subsets of Tregs have been identified that may exert different effects on cancer progression depending on tumor stage and their location within the tumor mass. Finally, Tregs phenotypic plasticity may be induced by cytokines released in the TME by dysplastic and other tumor-infiltrating cells thus affecting their functional role in the tumor. Here, we reviewed the recent literature about the role of Tregs in CRC and in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), where inflammation is the main driver of tumor initiation and progression. We tried to explain when and how Tregs can be considered to be the “good” or the “bad” in the colon carcinogenesis process on the basis of the available data concluding that the final effect of Tregs on sporadic CRC and CAC depends on their localization within the tumor, the subtype of Tregs involved and their phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Claudio Fantini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnese Favale
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Sara Onali
- CEMAD-IBD UNIT-Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
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26
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Akkaya B, Shevach EM. Regulatory T cells: Master thieves of the immune system. Cell Immunol 2020; 355:104160. [PMID: 32711171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treg cells are the immune system's in-house combatants against pathological immune activation. Because they are vital to maintenance of peripheral tolerance, it is important to understand how they perform their functions. To this end, various mechanisms have been proposed for Treg-mediated immune inhibition. A major group of mechanisms picture Treg cells as skilled thieves stealing a plethora of molecules that would otherwise promote immune effector functions. This suggests that several million years of evolution have endowed Treg cells with efficient ways to deprive immune effectors of activating stimuli to prevent immunopathology for survival of the host. Although we are still long way from deciphering their complete set of tricks, this review will focus on the types of "crimes" committed by these master thieves in both secondary lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billur Akkaya
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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27
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Epithelial RABGEF1 deficiency promotes intestinal inflammation by dysregulating intrinsic MYD88-dependent innate signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:96-109. [PMID: 31628426 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) contribute to the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation through their interactions with the environment and host immune responses. Yet our understanding of IEC-intrinsic regulatory pathways remains incomplete. Here, we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RABGEF1 as a regulator of intestinal homeostasis and innate pathways dependent on IECs. Mice with IEC-specific Rabgef1 deletion (called Rabgef1IEC-KO mice) developed a delayed spontaneous colitis associated with the local upregulation of IEC chemokine expression. In mouse models of colitis based on Interleukin-10 deficiency or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure, we found that IEC-intrinsic RABGEF1 deficiency exacerbated development of intestinal pathology and dysregulated IEC innate pathways and chemokine expression. Mechanistically, we showed that RABGEF1 deficiency in mouse IECs in vitro was associated with an impairment of early endocytic events, an increased activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent pathway, and increased chemokine secretion. Moreover, we provided evidence that the development of spontaneous colitis was dependent on microbiota-derived signals and intrinsic MYD88-dependent pathways in vivo. Our study identifies mouse RABGEF1 as an important regulator of intestinal inflammation, MYD88-dependent IEC-intrinsic signaling, and chemokine production. This suggests that RABGEF1-dependent pathways represent interesting therapeutic targets for inflammatory conditions in the gut.
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28
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Sun H, Kuk W, Rivera-Nieves J, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Eckmann L, Ginsberg MH. β7 Integrin Inhibition Can Increase Intestinal Inflammation by Impairing Homing of CD25 hiFoxP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:369-385. [PMID: 31707128 PMCID: PMC7016000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Integrin α4β7 mediates lymphocyte trafficking to the gut and gut-associated lymphoid tissues, a process critical for recruitment of effector lymphocytes from the circulation to the gut mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and murine models of intestinal inflammation. Antibody blockade of β7 integrins generally is efficacious in IBD; however, some patients fail to respond, and a few patients can experience exacerbations. This study examined the effects of loss of β7 integrin function in murine models of IBD. METHODS In a mouse IBD model caused by lack of interleukin 10, a cytokine important in CD25hiFoxP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) function, genetic deletion of β7 integrin or antibody blockade of α4β7-mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 interaction paradoxically exacerbated colitis. RESULTS Loss of β7 impaired the capacity of Tregs homing to the gut and therefore suppress intestinal inflammation in an adoptive T-cell transfer model; however, the intrinsic suppressive function of β7-deficient Tregs remained intact, indicating that the β7 deficiency selectively impacts gut homing. Deletion of β7 integrin did not worsen colitis in an acute dextran sodium sulfate model in which Treg number and function were normal. CONCLUSIONS In Integrin subunit beta (Itgb)7-/-Il10-/- mice, loss of β7-dependent Treg homing to gut-associated lymphoid tissues combined with loss of intrinsic Treg function exacerbated intestinal inflammation. These results suggest that IBD patients with reduced CD25hiFoxP3+ Treg numbers or function or lack of interleukin 10 could be at risk for failure of α4β7 blocking therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wun Kuk
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jesús Rivera-Nieves
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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29
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Lampe JW, Kim E, Levy L, Davidson LA, Goldsby JS, Miles FL, Navarro SL, Randolph TW, Zhao N, Ivanov I, Kaz AM, Damman C, Hockenbery DM, Hullar MAJ, Chapkin RS. Colonic mucosal and exfoliome transcriptomic profiling and fecal microbiome response to a flaxseed lignan extract intervention in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:377-390. [PMID: 31175806 PMCID: PMC6669062 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial metabolism of lignans from high-fiber plant foods produces bioactive enterolignans, such as enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END). Enterolignan exposure influences cellular pathways important to cancer risk and is associated with reduced colon tumorigenesis in animal models and lower colorectal cancer risk in humans. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the effects of a flaxseed lignan supplement (50 mg secoisolariciresinol diglucoside/d) compared with placebo on host gene expression in colon biopsies and exfoliated colonocyte RNA in feces and fecal microbial community composition, and to compare responses in relation to ENL excretion. METHODS We conducted a 2-period randomized, crossover intervention in 42 healthy men and women (20-45 y). We used RNA-seq to measure differentially expressed (DE) genes in colonic mucosa and fecal exfoliated cells through the use of edgeR and functional analysis with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3) analysis to characterize the fecal microbiome, and measured END and ENL in 24-h urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS We detected 32 DE genes (false discovery rate <0.05) in the exfoliome, but none in the mucosal biopsies, in response to 60 d of lignan supplement compared with placebo. Statistically significant associations were detected between ENL excretion and fecal microbiome measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention periods. Further, we detected DE genes in colonic mucosa and exfoliome between low- and high-ENL excreters. Analysis of biopsy samples indicated that several anti-inflammatory upstream regulators, including transforming growth factor β and interleukin 10 receptor, were suppressed in low-ENL excreters. Complementary analyses in exfoliated cells also suggested that low-ENL excreters may be predisposed to proinflammatory cellular events due to upregulation of nuclear transcription factor κB and NOS2, and an inhibition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ network. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ENL or other activities of the associated gut microbial consortia may modulate response to a dietary lignan intervention. This has important implications for dietary recommendations and chemoprevention strategies. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01619020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna W Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
| | | | - Laurie A Davidson
- Center for Translational Environmental Health Research
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases
| | - Jennifer S Goldsby
- Center for Translational Environmental Health Research
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases
| | | | | | - Timothy W Randolph
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Center for Translational Environmental Health Research
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Andrew M Kaz
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Gastroenterology Section, VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - David M Hockenbery
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Robert S Chapkin
- Center for Translational Environmental Health Research
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases
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30
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Bazacliu C, Neu J. Pathophysiology of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: An Update. Curr Pediatr Rev 2019; 15:68-87. [PMID: 30387398 DOI: 10.2174/1573396314666181102123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NEC is a devastating disease that, once present, is very difficult to treat. In the absence of an etiologic treatment, preventive measures are required. Advances in decoding the pathophysiology of NEC are being made but a more comprehensive understanding is needed for the targeting of preventative strategies. A better definition of the disease as well as diagnostic criteria are needed to be able to specifically label a disease as NEC. Multiple environmental factors combined with host susceptibility appear to contribute to enhanced risks for developing this disease. Several different proximal pathways are involved, all leading to a common undesired outcome: Intestinal necrosis. The most common form of this disease appears to involve inflammatory pathways that are closely meshed with the intestinal microbiota, where a dysbiosis may result in dysregulated inflammation. The organisms present in the intestinal tract prior to the onset of NEC along with their diversity and functional capabilities are just beginning to be understood. Fulfillment of postulates that support causality for particular microorganisms is needed if bacteriotherapies are to be intelligently applied for the prevention of NEC. Identification of molecular effector pathways that propagate inflammation, understanding of, even incipient role of genetic predisposition and of miRNAs may help solve the puzzle of this disease and may bring the researchers closer to finding a treatment. Despite recent progress, multiple limitations of the current animal models, difficulties related to studies in humans, along with the lack of a "clear" definition will continue to make it a very challenging disease to decipher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Bazacliu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, FL, United States
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, FL, United States
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31
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CD39 + regulatory T cells accumulate in colon adenocarcinomas and display markers of increased suppressive function. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36993-37007. [PMID: 30651930 PMCID: PMC6319332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of the function and regulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has led to new insights in cancer immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulate in colon tumors, and we recently showed that CD39+ Treg from cancer patients inhibit transendothelial migration of conventional T cells. CD39 mediates the hydrolysis of ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine and adds to the immunosuppressive effects of Treg. Here, we further investigated the regulatory features of intratumoral CD39+ Treg in colon cancer. Using flow cytometry analyses of cells from 46 colon cancer patients, we confirm the accumulation of CD39+ Treg in the tumor tissue compared to unaffected colon tissue, and also show that tumor-infiltrating Treg express more CD39 and Foxp3 on a per cell basis. Furthermore, CD39+ Treg in tumors express markers indicating increased turnover and suppressive ability. In particular, tumor-infiltrating CD39+ Treg have high expression of surface molecules related to immunosuppression, such as ICOS, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Functional suppression assays also indicate potent suppressive capacity of CD39+ Treg on proliferation and IFN-γ secretion by conventional T cells. In conclusion, our results identify tumor-infiltrating CD39+ Treg as a numerous and potentially important immunosuppressive subset, and suggest that immunotherapy aimed at reducing the activity of CD39+ Treg may be particularly useful in the setting of colon cancer.
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32
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Hünerwadel A, Fagagnini S, Rogler G, Lutz C, Jaeger SU, Mamie C, Weder B, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M. Severity of local inflammation does not impact development of fibrosis in mouse models of intestinal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15182. [PMID: 30315190 PMCID: PMC6185984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is thought to be a consequence of excessive tissue repair, and constitutes a common problem in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). While fibrosis seems to require inflammation as a prerequisite it is unclear whether the severity or persistence of inflammation influences the degree of fibrosis. Our aim was to investigate the role of sustained inflammation in fibrogenesis. For the initiation of fibrosis in vivo the models of Il10−/− spontaneous colitis, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis and heterotopic transplantation were used. In Il10−/− mice, we determined a positive correlation between expression of pro-inflammatory factors (Il1β, Tnf, Ifnγ, Mcp1 and Il6). We also found a positive correlation between the expression of pro-fibrotic factors (Col3a1 Col1a1, Tgfβ and αSma). In contrast, no significant correlation was determined between the expression of pro-inflammatory Tnf and pro-fibrotic αSma, Col1a1, Col3a1, collagen layer thickness and the hydroxyproline (HYP) content. Results from the DSS-induced chronic colitis model confirmed this finding. In the transplantation model for intestinal fibrosis a pronounced increase in Mcp1, inos and Il6 in Il10−/− as compared to WT grafts was observed, indicating more severe inflammation in Il10−/− grafts. However, the increase of collagen over time was virtually identical in both Il10−/− and WT grafts. Severity of inflammation during onset of fibrogenesis did not correlate with collagen deposition. Although inflammation might be a pre-requisite for the initiation of fibrosis our data suggest that it has a minor impact on the progression of fibrosis. Our results suggest that development of fibrosis and inflammation may be disconnected. This may be important for explaining the inefficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments agents in most cases of fibrotic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hünerwadel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Fagagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Lutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S U Jaeger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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33
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Harjula SKE, Ojanen MJT, Taavitsainen S, Nykter M, Rämet M. Interleukin 10 mutant zebrafish have an enhanced interferon gamma response and improved survival against a Mycobacterium marinum infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10360. [PMID: 29985419 PMCID: PMC6037744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis ranks as one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases causing more than a million casualties annually. IL10 inhibits the function of Th1 type cells, and IL10 deficiency has been associated with an improved resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a mouse model. Here, we utilized M. marinum infection in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for studying Il10 in the host response against mycobacteria. Unchallenged, nonsense il10e46/e46 mutant zebrafish were fertile and phenotypically normal. Following a chronic mycobacterial infection, il10e46/e46 mutants showed enhanced survival compared to the controls. This was associated with an increased expression of the Th cell marker cd4-1 and a shift towards a Th1 type immune response, which was demonstrated by the upregulated expression of tbx21 and ifng1, as well as the down-regulation of gata3. In addition, at 8 weeks post infection il10e46/e46 mutant zebrafish had reduced expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines tnfb and il1b, presumably indicating slower progress of the infection. Altogether, our data show that Il10 can weaken the immune defense against M. marinum infection in zebrafish by restricting ifng1 response. Importantly, our findings support the relevance of M. marinum infection in zebrafish as a model for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Kaisa E Harjula
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus J T Ojanen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Rämet
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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34
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Oral administration of Pantoea agglomerans-derived lipopolysaccharide prevents metabolic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease-related memory loss in senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198493. [PMID: 29856882 PMCID: PMC5983504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear, but an imbalance between the production and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is known to play a critical role in AD progression. A promising preventative approach is to enhance the normal Aβ clearance activity of brain phagocytes such as microglia. In mice, the intraperitoneal injection of Toll-like receptor 4 agonist was shown to enhance Aβ clearance and exhibit a preventative effect on AD-related pathology. Our previous clinical study demonstrated that orally administered Pantoea agglomerans-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPSp) exhibited an LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-lowering effect in human volunteers with hyperlipidemia, a known risk factor for AD. In vitro studies have shown that LPSp treatment increases Aβ phagocytosis by microglial cells; however it is still unclear whether orally administered LPSp exhibits a preventive effect on AD progression. We show here that in senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice fed a high-fat diet, oral administration of LPSp at 0.3 or 1 mg/kg body weight·day for 18 weeks significantly improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. The LPSp treatment also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative-burst activity in the peripheral blood. Moreover, LPSp significantly reduced brain Aβ burden and memory impairment as seen in the water maze test, although we could not confirm a significant enhancement of Aβ phagocytosis in microglia isolated from the brains after treatment. Taken together, our results show that LPSp holds promise as a preventative therapy for AD or AD-related diseases induced by impairment of metabolic functions.
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35
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Qi J, Zhuang J, Lv Y, Lu Y, Wu W. Exploiting or overcoming the dome trap for enhanced oral immunization and drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 275:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Kopp TI, Vogel U, Tjonneland A, Andersen V. Meat and fiber intake and interaction with pattern recognition receptors (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR10) in relation to colorectal cancer in a Danish prospective, case-cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:465-479. [PMID: 29566186 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat and dietary fiber are associated with increased and decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), respectively. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the intestinal immune response in a complex interplay between the mucosal epithelium and the microbiota and may therefore be important modulators of diet-induced CRC together with other inflammatory mediators. Objective Our aim was to investigate the association between functional TLR polymorphisms and risk of CRC and the interaction with dietary factors. Additionally, interactions with previously studied polymorphisms in IL10, IL1B, PTGS2, and NFKB1 were assessed in order to examine possible biological pathways in meat-induced CRC. Design A nested case-cohort study of 897 CRC cases and 1689 randomly selected participants from the Danish prospective "Diet, Cancer and Health" study encompassing 57,053 persons was performed using Cox proportional hazard models and the likelihood ratio test. Results We found associations between polymorphisms in TLR2 (P = 0.018) and TLR4 (P = 0.044) and risk of CRC per se, interactions between intake of red and processed meat (10 g/d) and polymorphisms in TLR1 (P-interaction = 0.032) and TLR10 (P-interaction = 0.026 and 0.036), and intake of cereals (50 g/d) and TLR4 (P-interaction = 0.044) in relation to risk of CRC. Intake of red and processed meat also interacted with combinations of polymorphisms in TLR1 and TLR10 and polymorphisms in NFKB1, IL10, IL1B, and PTGS2 (P-interaction; TLR1/rs4833095 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.021, TLR10/rs11096955 × IL10/rs3024505 = 0.047, TLR10/rs11096955 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.017, TLR10/rs4129009 × NFKB1/rs28362491 = 0.027, TLR10/rs4129009 × IL1B/rs4848306 = 0.020, TLR10/rs4129009 × IL1B/rs1143623 = 0.021, TLR10/rs4129009 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.027), whereas intake of dietary fiber (10 g/d) interacted with combinations of polymorphisms in TLR4, IL10, and PTGS2 (P-interaction; TLR4/rs1554973 × IL10/rs3024505 = 0.0012, TLR4/rs1554973 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.0041, TLR4/rs1554973 × PTGS2/rs5275 = 0.0064). Conclusions Our study suggests that meat intake may activate TLRs at the epithelial surface, leading to CRC via inflammation by nuclear transcription factor-κB-initiated transcription of inflammatory genes, whereas intake of fiber may protect against CRC via TLR4-mediated secretion of interleukin-10 and cyclooxygenase-2. Our results should be replicated in other prospective cohorts with well-characterized participants. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03250637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Iskov Kopp
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, Laboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research-Center Sønderjylland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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37
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Xu S, Zou H, Zhang H, Zhu S, Zhou R, Li J. Investigation of inflammatory bowel disease risk factors in 4 families in central China. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1367-1375. [PMID: 29399122 PMCID: PMC5774536 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasing markedly in China. The present study performed pedigree analysis of 4 families with a history of IBD and investigated the association of genetic and environmental factors with susceptibility to IBD. A total of 10 IBD patients (8 CD patients and 2 UC patients) and 90 family members were included in the present study. The clinical characteristics of familial subjects were compared with those of patients with sporadic IBD. Previously reported mutations, namely interleukin-10 receptor (IL10R)-A Thr84Ile, IL10RA Gly141Arg, IL10RB Trp159X, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) Cys203Tyr, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) Arg702Trp, NOD2 Gly908Arg and NOD2 Leu1007fsinsC, were screened in the patients with IBD, and selected demographic factors were compared between the patients and their unaffected family members. It was observed that single-gene and multi-gene inheritance patterns contributed to IBD in Chinese families. Based on data from the registry system, the ratio of patients with a family history of IBD was 1.25%, which was lower than that in the Western population. First-degree relatives were found to be more susceptible to IBD, and siblings were affected more frequently. Furthermore, the median age of diagnosis was younger in familial patients than in sporadic patients (29.0 vs. 36.0 for CD; 35.5 vs. 41.0 for UC). However, none of the 7 susceptibility loci were present in any of the familial patients. Immigration was a significant risk factor of IBD (odds ratio: 4.667; 95% confidence interval: 1.165-18.690; P=0.021). In conclusion, genetic heterogeneity exits between Chinese families with IBD and the Western population. The present findings suggest that genetic background and environmental factors serve a role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Siying Zhu
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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38
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Witkowski M, Witkowski M, Gagliani N, Huber S. Recipe for IBD: can we use food to control inflammatory bowel disease? Semin Immunopathol 2017; 40:145-156. [PMID: 29124320 PMCID: PMC5809523 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system and the microbiota in the intestinal tract have recently been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both of these can be influenced by food. Thus, we propose dietary intervention as a therapeutic option for IBD. In this review, we discuss the interaction of the intestinal mucosal immune system and the intestinal microbiota in the context of IBD. In addition, we discuss the impact of food components on immune responses in IBD. Finally, we address the current evidence of how this interaction (i.e., immune system-microbiota) can be modulated by food components, pre/probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and how these approaches can support intestinal homeostasis. By gathering the vast amount of literature available on the impact of food on IBD, we aim to distinguish between scientifically sound data and theories, which have not been included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Witkowski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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39
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Lavari L, Burns P, Páez R, Reinheimer J, Vinderola G. Study of the effects of spray drying in whey-starch on the probiotic capacity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus
64 in the gut of mice. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:992-1002. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lavari
- INTA EEA Rafaela; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - P. Burns
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - R. Páez
- INTA EEA Rafaela; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - J. Reinheimer
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - G. Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santa Fe Argentina
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40
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Hussain T, Shah SZA, Zhao D, Sreevatsan S, Zhou X. The role of IL-10 in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:29. [PMID: 27905994 PMCID: PMC5131435 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is an intracellular pathogen and is the causative agent of Johne's disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Johne's disease is characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis leading to substantial economic losses to the livestock sector across the world. MAP persistently survives in phagocytic cells, most commonly in macrophages by disrupting its early antibacterial activity. MAP triggers several signaling pathways after attachment to pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) of phagocytic cells. MAP adopts a survival strategy to escape the host defence mechanisms via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The signaling mechanism initiated through toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) activates MAPK-p38 results in up-regulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and subsequent repression of inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory response of IL-10 is mediated through membrane-bound IL-10 receptors, leading to trans-phosphorylation and activation of Janus Kinase (JAK) family receptor-associated tyrosine kinases (TyKs), that promotes the activation of latent transcription factors, signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). IL-10 is an important inhibitory cytokine playing its role in blocking phagosome maturation and apoptosis. In the current review, we describe the importance of IL-10 in early phases of the MAP infection and regulatory mechanisms of the IL-10 dependent pathways in paratuberculosis. We also highlight the strategies to target IL-10, MAPK and STAT3 in other infections caused by intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and key Laboratory of Animal and Zoonosis of Ministry Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and key Laboratory of Animal and Zoonosis of Ministry Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and key Laboratory of Animal and Zoonosis of Ministry Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and key Laboratory of Animal and Zoonosis of Ministry Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
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Hydroalcoholic Extract from Inflorescences of Achyrocline satureioides (Compositae) Ameliorates Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Attenuation in the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Mediators. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3475356. [PMID: 27847525 PMCID: PMC5099481 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3475356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Achyrocline satureioides is a South American herb used to treat inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases. This study evaluated intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of inflorescences of satureioides (HEAS) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. Mice were orally treated with vehicle, 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg), or HEAS (1–100 mg/kg). Clinical signs of colitis and colonic histopathological parameters were evaluated, along with the determination of levels of reduced glutathione and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), the superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colon. The colonic content of cytokines (TNF, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) was measured. Additionally, the effects of the extract on nitric oxide (NO) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl levels were determined. Mucin levels and SOD activity, as well as the LOOH, MPO, TNF, and IL-6 accumulation in colon tissues, were normalized by the HEAS administration. In addition, the extract elicited an increase in IL-4 and IL-10 levels in colon. NO release by macrophages was inhibited by HEAS and its scavenger activity was confirmed. Together these results suggest that preparations obtained from inflorescences from A. satureioides could be used in treatment for IBD. Besides, this work corroborates the popular use of A. satureioides in inflammatory disorders.
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Carrasco A, Esteve M, Salas A, Pedrosa E, Rosinach M, Aceituno M, Zabana Y, Fernández-Bañares F. Immunological Differences between Lymphocytic and Collagenous Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1055-66. [PMID: 26928959 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocytic (LC) and collagenous (CC) colitis are the two major forms of microscopic colitis (MC). The aim of this study was to identify similarities and differences in their mucosal immune characteristics. METHODS Colonic biopsies from 15 CC, 8 LC, and 10 healthy controls were collected. Mucosal lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. Tissue gene expression and protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS LC patients had lower numbers of CD4(+) and double-positive CD4(+)CD8(+)mucosal T lymphocytes, and higher numbers of CD8(+) and CD4(+)TCRγδ(+) mucosal T cells, compared with controls and CC patients. Regulatory Treg (CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)) and double-negative (CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)) T cell percentages were higher in both CC and LC compared with controls, coupled with higher levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10, both at mRNA and protein levels. By contrast, Th1 and Th17 cells were lower in both CC and LC, although gene expression of Th1/Th17 cytokines was higher in both. CONCLUSION CC and LC share some regulatory and effector mechanisms, but not others. Higher IL-10 levels and higher Treg and double-negative T cell percentages, found in both CC and LC, could be responsible for the lack of progression of structural damage and the blockade of proinflammatory cytokine production. However, CC and LC are revealed as separate, independent entities, as they show clearly different mucosal lymphocyte profiles, which could be caused by different luminal triggers of the two diseases. Hence, CC and LC are two closely related but independent intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carrasco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Pedrosa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Rosinach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Aceituno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yamile Zabana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Bañares
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Xiao Y, Wang XQ, Yu Y, Guo Y, Xu X, Gong L, Zhou T, Li XQ, Xu CD. Comprehensive mutation screening for 10 genes in Chinese patients suffering very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5578-88. [PMID: 27350736 PMCID: PMC4917618 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To perform sequencing analysis in patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) to determine the genetic basis for VEO-IBD in Chinese pediatric patients. METHODS A total of 13 Chinese pediatric patients with VEO-IBD were diagnosed from May 2012 and August 2014. The relevant clinical characteristics of these patients were analyzed. Then DNA in the peripheral blood from patients was extracted. Next generation sequencing (NGS) based on an Illumina-Miseq platform was used to analyze the exons in the coding regions of 10 candidate genes: IL-10, IL-10RA, IL-10RB, NOD2, FUT2, IL23R, GPR35, GPR65, TNFSF15, and ADAM30. The Sanger sequencing was used to verify the variations detected in NGS. RESULTS Out of the 13 pediatric patients, ten were diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and three diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Mutations in IL-10RA and IL-10RB were detected in five patients. There were four patients who had single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IBD. Two patients had IL-10RA and FUT2 polymorphisms, and two patients had IL-10RB and FUT2 polymorphisms. Gene variations were not found in the rest four patients. Children with mutations had lower percentile body weight (1.0% vs 27.5%, P = 0.002) and hemoglobin (87.4 g/L vs 108.5 g/L, P = 0.040) when compared with children without mutations. Although the age of onset was earlier, height was shorter, and the response to treatment was poorer in the mutation group, there was no significant difference in these factors between groups. CONCLUSION IL-10RA and IL-10RB mutations are common in Chinese children with VEO-IBD. Patients with mutations have an earlier disease onset, lower body weight and hemoglobin, and poorer prognosis.
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Rodriguez-Nogales A, Lozano-Pérez AA, Aznar-Cervantes SD, Algieri F, Garrido-Mesa J, Garrido-Mesa N, Vezza T, Utrilla MP, Cenis JL, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Gálvez J. Effect of aqueous and particulate silk fibroin in a rat model of experimental colitis. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:1-9. [PMID: 27363935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) has anti-inflammatory properties and promotes wound healing. Moreover, SF particles act as carriers of active drugs against intestinal inflammation due to their capacity to deliver the compound to the damaged colonic tissue. The present work assesses the effect of SF in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis that resembles human intestinal inflammation. SF (8mg/kg) was administered in aqueous solution orally and in two particulate formats by intrarectal route, following two technologies: spray drying to make microparticles and desolvation in organic solvent to produce nanoparticles. SF treatments ameliorated the colonic damage, reduced neutrophil infiltration and improved the compromised oxidative status of the colon. They also reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, they improved the intestinal wall integrity by increasing the gene expression of some of its markers (villin, trefoil factor-3 and mucins), thus accelerating the healing. The immunomodulatory properties of SF particles were also tested in vitro in macrophages: they activated the immune response in basal conditions without increasing it after a pro-inflammatory insult. In conclusion, SF particles could be useful as carriers to deliver active drugs to the damaged intestinal colon with additional anti-inflammatory and healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodriguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - A A Lozano-Pérez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), c/Mayor, 1, 30150 La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - S D Aznar-Cervantes
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), c/Mayor, 1, 30150 La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - F Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - J Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - N Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - T Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - M P Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - J L Cenis
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), c/Mayor, 1, 30150 La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - M E Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - J Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain.
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Bai AHC, Wu WKK, Xu L, Wong SH, Go MY, Chan AWH, Harbord M, Zhang S, Chen M, Wu JCY, Chan MWY, Chan MTV, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J, Cheng ASL, Ng SC. Dysregulated Lysine Acetyltransferase 2B Promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis Through Transcriptional Repression of Interleukin-10. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:726-34. [PMID: 26802082 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accumulating evidence supports epigenetic modifications in mediating intestinal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify key dysregulated epigenetic modulators and the molecular downstream pathways in IBD. METHODS Expression of 116 well-defined epigenetic modulators was profiled and validated in 96 intestinal tissues from patients with Crohn's disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC], and healthy controls using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [QRT-PCR], western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Dysregulation of histone modifications and IBD-related cytokines were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase activity, and gene expression analyses in normal colonic epithelial cell line, NCM460, upon small-molecule inhibition or RNA interference, followed by validation in primary colonic tissues. RESULTS Targeted expression profiling uncovered seven differentially expressed epigenetic modulators, of which the down-regulation of lysine acetyltransferase 2B [KAT2B] mRNA and protein was the most significant and was consequently validated in inflamed CD and UC compared with healthy colonic tissues. KAT2B protein localised abundantly in nuclei of normal colonic epithelium but diminished in paired inflamed CD and UC tissues. Pharmacological inhibition of KAT2B by anacardic acid in NCM460 cells reduced the levels of histone H4 lysine 5 acetylation [H4K5ac] and interleukin-10 [IL-10] in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of KAT2B reduced the IL-10 promoter occupancy of KAT2B and H4K5ac, resulting in transcriptional silencing. IL-10 level was also diminished in inflamed IBD tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated a novel epigenetic mechanism of IL-10 dysregulation in IBD. Down-regulation of KAT2B may disrupt the innate and adaptive inflammatory responses due to the suppression of this crucial anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfa H C Bai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - William K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Liangliang Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Minnie Y Go
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Marcus Harbord
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Taiwan
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Siew C Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Van Der Kraak L, Gros P, Beauchemin N. Colitis-associated colon cancer: Is it in your genes? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11688-11699. [PMID: 26556996 PMCID: PMC4631970 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CA-CRC) is the cause of death in 10%-15% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. CA-CRC results from the accumulation of mutations in intestinal epithelial cells and progresses through a well-characterized inflammation to dysplasia to carcinoma sequence. Quantitative estimates of overall CA-CRC risks are highly variable ranging from 2% to 40% depending on IBD severity, duration and location, with IBD duration being the most significant risk factor associated with CA-CRC development. Recently, studies have identified IBD patients with similar patterns of colonic inflammation, but that differ with respect to CA-CRC development, suggesting a role for additional non-inflammatory risk factors in CA-CRC development. One suggestion is that select IBD patients carry polymorphisms in various low penetrance disease susceptibility genes, which pre-dispose them to CA-CRC development, although these loci have proven difficult to identify in human genome-wide association studies. Mouse models of CA-CRC have provided a viable alternative for the discovery, validation and study of individual genes in CA-CRC pathology. In this review, we summarize the current CA-CRC literature with a strong focus on genetic pre-disposition and highlight an emerging role for mouse models in the search for CA-CRC risk alleles.
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Abstract
IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine secreted by a variety of cells. It not only inhibits activation of monocyte/macrophage system and synthesis of monocyte cytokine and inflammatory cytokine but also promotes the proliferation and maturation of non-monocyte-dependent T cell, stimulating proliferation of antigen-specific B cell. Increasing evidence indicates that IL-10 plays an important role in both the onset and development of auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease (CD), and psoriasis. However, the exact mechanisms of IL-10 in auto-immune diseases remain unclear. In the present review, we will summarize the biological effects of IL-10, as well as its role and therapeutic potential in auto-immune diseases.
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48
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Yitbarek A, Echeverry H, Munyaka P, Rodriguez-Lecompte J. Innate immune response of pullets fed diets supplemented with prebiotics and synbiotics. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1802-11. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Complex mechanisms are pulling the strings to initiate the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Current evidence indicates that an interaction of genetic susceptibilities (polymorphisms), environmental factors, and the host microbiota leads to a dysregulation of the mucosal immune system. In the past decades, the interleukin-10-deficient mouse has served as an excellent model to mirror the multifactorial nature of this disease. Here, we want to review in detail the interplay of the genetic factors, immune aspects, and especially summarize and discuss the role of the microbiota contributing to colitis development in the interleukin-10-deficient mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease as a multihit model.
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Marlow G, Han DY, Triggs CM, Ferguson LR. Food Intolerance: Associations with the rs12212067 Polymorphism of FOXO3 in Crohn's Disease Patients in New Zealand. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 8:70-80. [PMID: 26226934 DOI: 10.1159/000435783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is known to play a major role in Crohn's disease (CD). It has also been reported that the minor G allele from the rs12212067 polymorphism (T>G) in FOXO3 is associated with milder CD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the rs12212067 polymorphism and food intolerances for a total of 253 foods. METHODS Tolerances and intolerances were recorded on a self-reported dietary questionnaire. Each food was scored on a 5-point ordinal scale: beneficial effects as '+ +' or '+', adverse effects as '- -' or '-', and 'makes no difference' as '='. Dietary and genotype data were available for a total of 283 CD patients. RESULTS We identified 17 foods with beneficial effects in our study which were significantly associated with the G allele of the FOXO3 rs12212067 polymorphism. Of these, sweet potatoes had the highest reported frequency of beneficial responses. We also identified 4 foods with detrimental effects in more than 25% of our study population. These were mustard, wasabi, and raw and cooked tomatoes, which again were significantly associated with the G allele in FOXO3. CONCLUSIONS There was strong evidence that adverse effects of mustard, wasabi, and raw and cooked tomatoes were significantly associated with the G allele of FOXO3 and that these foods should be avoided by people carrying this allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Marlow
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
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