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Liu X, Heinzle J, Tian Y, Salas E, Kwatcho Kengdo S, Borken W, Schindlbacher A, Wanek W. Long-term soil warming changes the profile of primary metabolites in fine roots of Norway spruce in a temperate montane forest. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38935880 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming poses major threats to temperate forests, but the response of tree root metabolism has largely remained unclear. We examined the impact of long-term soil warming (>14 years, +4°C) on the fine root metabolome across three seasons for 2 years in an old spruce forest, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform for primary metabolite analysis. A total of 44 primary metabolites were identified in roots (19 amino acids, 12 organic acids and 13 sugars). Warming increased the concentration of total amino acids and of total sugars by 15% and 21%, respectively, but not organic acids. We found that soil warming and sampling date, along with their interaction, directly influenced the primary metabolite profiles. Specifically, in warming plots, concentrations of arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, mannose, ribose, fructose, glucose and oxaloacetic acid increased by 51.4%, 19.9%, 21.5%, 19.3%, 22.1%, 23.0%, 38.0%, 40.7%, 19.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Rather than being driven by single compounds, changes in metabolite profiles reflected a general up- or downregulation of most metabolic pathway network. This emphasises the importance of metabolomics approaches in investigating root metabolic pathways and understanding the effects of climate change on tree root metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soils, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Salas
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steve Kwatcho Kengdo
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (Bayceer), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (Bayceer), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soils, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Takeda S, Makita N, Takahashi K. Seasonal and diurnal variations in soil respiration rates at a treeline ecotone and a lower distribution limit of subalpine forests. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:179-190. [PMID: 38244125 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the seasonal and diurnal variations in soil respiration rates (RS) during a growing season at the treeline ecotone (2,800 m) and the lower distribution limit (1,600 m) of subalpine forests on a volcanic mountain in Japan. The aboveground biomass, the total RS during the growing season, and the RS per day during the growing season were lower at 2,800 m than those at 1,600 m. Seasonal RS variations positively correlated with those of soil and air temperatures at both elevations, and this tendency was more apparent at 1,600 m than 2,800 m. The mean volumetric soil water content (WS) during the growing season was much lower at 2,800 m than 1,600 m because of the scoria substrate at 2,800 m. The monthly mean diel cycle of RS was positively correlated with the soil temperature at each elevation every month, whereas that at 1,600 m was negatively correlated with that of the WS. The RS at 2,800 m decreased during the daytime especially in August, despite no changes in the WS. The decrease in RS after precipitation at 1,600 m was higher than that at 2,800 m. Seasonal and diurnal RS variations could be reproduced from soil and air temperatures, and WS. Estimating soil respiration rate from these variables will help understand the future carbon budget of forests due to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoki Makita
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
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3
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Darenova E, Knott R, Vichta T. Does lower water availability limit stem CO 2 efflux of oak and hornbeam coppices? AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae023. [PMID: 38638333 PMCID: PMC11025467 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent changes in water availability can be crucial for the development, growth and carbon budget of forests. Therefore, our aim was to determine the effect of reduced throughfall and severe summer drought on stem CO2 efflux as a function of temperature and stem increment. Stem CO2 efflux was measured using the chamber method on oak and hornbeam under four treatments: coppice, thinned coppice, and both coppice and thinned coppice with 30 %-reduced throughfall. The first year of the experiment had favourable soil water availability and the second year was characterized by a dry summer. While reduced throughfall had no effect on stem CO2 efflux, the summer drought decreased efflux by 43-81 % during July and August. The stem CO2 efflux was reduced less severely (by 13-40 %) in September when the drought persisted but the stem increment was already negligible. The stem increment was also strongly affected by the drought, which was reflected in its paired relationship with stem CO2 efflux over the two experimental years. The study showed that summer dry periods significantly and rapidly reduce stem CO2 efflux, whereas a constant 30 % rainfall reduction needs probably a longer time to affect stem properties, and indirectly stem CO2 efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darenova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Knott
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vichta
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
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Xia H, Xu X, Xu J, Huang Y, Jiang H, Xu X, Zhang T. Warming, rather than drought, remains the primary factor limiting carbon sequestration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167755. [PMID: 37832680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Steppe ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions are particularly sensitive to climate change and strongly regulate the global carbon balance. However, carbon fluxes respond differently to climate change in different growing seasons, and the mechanism of this control is not yet clear. Therefore, we (i) obtained carbon flux data observed by a field eddy station in Inner Mongolia from 2006 to 2021; (ii) investigated the constraint effects of climatic factors on carbon fluxes; (iii) explored the response mechanisms of carbon fluxes to coupled changes in temperature and moisture; (iv) investigated the adaptation of steppe ecosystem to changes in temperature and drought. The results showed that (i) the steppe ecosystem was a carbon sink, with an average annual carbon fixation of 73.55 g C m-2 yr-1 and a roughly N-shaped carbon sink accumulation process within one year. (ii) The constraint effect of temperature and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) on Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) was parabolic, with a clear optimum point. (iii) Temperature and moisture in the soil played a greater role in ecosystem carbon sequestration. Soil Water Content (SWC) could alleviate the inhibitory effect of temperature changes on the carbon sequestration of ecosystem. (iv) This ecosystem was capable of adapting well to changes in temperature and drought. However, warming, rather than drought, remains the primary factor limiting carbon sequestration. Specifically, it was GPP that drives the adaptation of ecosystem carbon sequestration to changes in temperature and drought, rather than Ecosystem Respiration (RECO). Although the steppe ecosystem has a good adaptation to changes in temperature and drought, it is still in the boundary region of warming. We hope that our study will deepen our comprehensive understanding of the relationship between temperature and moisture and ecosystem carbon fluxes and provide evidence for steppe ecosystem adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiayu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Jiang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Centre of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Devi NB, Lepcha NT. Carbon sink and source function of Eastern Himalayan forests: implications of change in climate and biotic variables. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:843. [PMID: 37318600 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forests serve as a sink and source of carbon and play a substantial role in regional and global carbon cycling. The Himalayan forests act as climate regulators of the Hindukush region, which is experiencing climate change at a high pace, and a proper understanding of these systems is necessary to mitigate this problem. We hypothesize that the variance of abiotic factors and vegetation will influence the carbon sink and source function of the different forest types of the Himalayas. Carbon sequestration was computed from the increment of carbon stocks estimated allometrically using Forest Survey of India equations, and soil CO2 flux was determined by the alkali absorption method. The carbon sequestration rate and CO2 flux by the different forests exhibited a negative relation. The carbon sequestration rate was highest with minimum emission in the temperate forest, while the tropical forest recorded the least sequestration and maximum carbon flux rate. The Pearson correlation test between carbon sequestration and tree species richness and diversity revealed a positive-significant influence but negative relation with climatic factors. An analysis of variance indicated significant seasonal differences between the rate of soil carbon emissions due to variations in the forest. A multivariate regression analysis of the monthly soil CO2 emission rate shows high variability (85%) due to fluctuations of climatic variables in the Eastern Himalayan forests. Results of the present study revealed that the carbon sink and source function of forests respond to changes in forest types, climatic variables, and edaphic factors. Tree species and soil nutrient content influenced carbon sequestration, while shifts in climatic factors influenced soil CO2 emission rate. Increased temperature and rainfall may further change the soil quality by enhancing soil CO2 emission and reducing soil organic carbon, thereby impacting this region's carbon sink and source function. Enhancing tree diversity in the forests of this region may be beneficial for retarding this impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bijayalaxmi Devi
- Department of Botany, Ecology Laboratory, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India.
| | - Nima Tshering Lepcha
- Department of Botany, Ecology Laboratory, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India
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6
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Du Y, Wang YP, Hui D, Su F, Yan J. Significant effects of precipitation frequency on soil respiration and its components-A global synthesis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1188-1205. [PMID: 36408676 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle, which results in changes in precipitation regime (frequency and amount), and will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration (Rs ). Although the responses of Rs to changes in precipitation amount have been extensively studied, there is little consensus on how Rs will be affected by changes in precipitation frequency (PF) across the globe. Here, we synthesized the field observations from 296 published papers to quantify the effects of PF on Rs and its components using meta-analysis. Our results indicated that the effects of PF on Rs decreased with an increase in background mean annual precipitation. When the data were grouped by climate conditions, increased PF showed positive effects on Rs under the arid condition but not under the semi-humid or humid conditions, whereas decreased PF suppressed Rs across all the climate conditions. The positive effects of increased PF mainly resulted from the positive response of heterotrophic respiration under the arid condition while the negative effects of decreased PF were mainly attributed to the reductions in root biomass and respiration. Overall, our global synthesis provided for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the divergent effects of PF on Rs and its components across climate regions. This study also provided a framework for understanding and modeling responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to global precipitation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fanglong Su
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Kengdo SK, Ahrens B, Tian Y, Heinzle J, Wanek W, Schindlbacher A, Borken W. Increase in carbon input by enhanced fine root turnover in a long-term warmed forest soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158800. [PMID: 36116665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine root litter represents an important carbon input to soils, but the effect of global warming on fine root turnover (FRT) is hardly explored in forest ecosystems. Understanding tree fine roots' response to warming is crucial for predicting soil carbon dynamics and the functioning of forests as a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied fine root production (FRP) with ingrowth cores and used radiocarbon signatures of first-order, second- to third-order, and bulk fine roots to estimate fine root turnover times after 8 and 14 years of soil warming (+4 °C) in a temperate forest. Fine root turnover times of the individual root fractions were estimated with a one-pool model. Soil warming strongly increased fine root production by up to 128 % within one year, but after two years, the production was less pronounced (+35 %). The first-year production was likely very high due to the rapid exploitation of the root-free ingrowth cores. The radiocarbon signatures of fine roots were overall variable among treatments and plots. Soil warming tended to decrease fine root turnover times of all the measured root fractions after 8 and 14 years of warming, and there was a tendency for trees to use older carbon reserves for fine root production in warmed plots. Furthermore, soil warming increased fine root turnover from 50 to 106 g C m-2 yr-1 (based on two different approaches). Our findings suggest that future climate warming may increase carbon input into soils by enhancing fine root turnover. If this increase may partly offset carbon losses by increased mineralization of soil organic matter in temperate forest soils is still unclear and should guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kwatcho Kengdo
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Ahrens
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
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Radzikowska-Kujawska D, Sawinska Z, Grzanka M, Kowalczewski PŁ, Sobiech Ł, Świtek S, Skrzypczak G, Drożdżyńska A, Ślachciński M, Nowicki M. Hermetia illucens frass improves the physiological state of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and its nutritional value under drought. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280037. [PMID: 36649263 PMCID: PMC9844844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To counterbalance the growing human population and its increasing demands from the ecosystem, and the impacts on it, new strategies are needed. Use of organic fertilizers boosted the agricultural production, but further increased the ecological burden posed by this indispensable activity. One possible solution to this conundrum is the development and application of more environmentally neutral biofertilizers. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two doses of Hermetia illucens frass (HI frass) with the commercial cattle manure in the cultivation of basil under drought. Soil without the addition of any organic fertilizer was used as a baseline control substrate for basil cultivation. Plants were grown with cattle manure (10 g/L of the pot volume) or HI frass at two doses (10 and 12.5 g/L). The health and physiological condition of plants were assessed based on the photosynthetic activity and the efficiency of photosystem II (chlorophyll fluorescence). Gas exchange between soil and the atmosphere were also assessed to verify the effect of fertilizer on soil condition. In addition, the mineral profile of basil and its antioxidant activity were assessed, along with the determination of the main polyphenolic compounds content. Biofertilizers improved the fresh mass yield and physiological condition of plants, both under optimal watering and drought, in comparison with the non-fertilized controls. Use of cattle manure in both water regimes resulted in a comparably lower yield and a stronger physiological response to drought. As a result, using HI frass is a superior strategy to boost output and reduce the effects of drought on basil production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Sawinska
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Grzanka
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Sobiech
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Świtek
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Ślachciński
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DRK); (MN)
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Limited Effects of Precipitation Manipulation on Soil Respiration and Inorganic N Concentrations across Soil Drainage Classes in Northern Minnesota Aspen Forests. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to gain insight into the responses of forest soils to the changing climate. We simulated future climate conditions with growing season throughfall reduction (by 50%) and winter snow removal using a paired-plot design across a soil drainage class gradient at three upland, Populus-dominated forests in northern Minnesota, USA. In situ bulk soil respiration and concentrations of extractable soil N were measured during the summers of 2020–2021. Soil respiration and N concentrations were not affected by throughfall reduction and snow removal, which was largely attributed to the limited treatment effects on soil moisture content and soil temperature. Drainage class was only a significant factor during the spring thaw period in 2021. During this period, the poorly drained plots had lower respiration rates compared to the well-drained plots, which was associated with the drainage class effects on soil temperature. The results of the companion laboratory incubation with varying levels of soil moisture also indicated no effect of the treatment on soil respiration, but effects of drainage class and moisture content on respiration were observed. Our results indicate that the combined effects of reduced summer and winter precipitation on soil respiration and N dynamics may be limited across the range of conditions that occurred in our study.
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Yang J, Jia X, Ma H, Chen X, Liu J, Shangguan Z, Yan W. Effects of warming and precipitation changes on soil GHG fluxes: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154351. [PMID: 35259374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations resulting from human activities lead to climate change, including global warming and changes of precipitation patterns worldwide, which in turn would have profound effects on soil GHG emissions. Nonetheless, the impact of the combination of warming and precipitation changes on all three major biogenic GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) has not been synthesized, to build a global synthesis. In this study, we conducted a global meta-analysis concerning the effects of warming and precipitation changes and their interactions on soil GHG fluxes and explored the potential factors by synthesizing 39 published studies worldwide. Across all studies, combination of warming and increased precipitation showed more significant effect on CO2 emissions (24.0%) than the individual effect of warming (8.6%) and increased precipitation (20.8%). Additionally, warming increased N2O emissions (28.3%), and decreased precipitation reduced CO2 (-8.5%) and N2O (-7.1%) emissions, while the combination of warming and decreased precipitation also showed negative effects on CO2 (-7.6%) and N2O (-14.6%) emissions. The interactive effects of warming and precipitation changes on CO2 emissions were usually additive, whereas CO2 and N2O emissions were dominated by synergistic effects under warming and decreased precipitation. Moreover, climate, biome, duration, and season of manipulations also affected soil GHG fluxes as well. Furthermore, we also found the threshold effects of changes in soil temperature and moisture on CO2 and N2O emissions under warming and precipitation changes. The findings indicate that both warming and precipitation changes substantially affect GHG emissions and highlight the urgent need to study the effect of the combination of warming and precipitation changes on C and N cycling under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hongze Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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11
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Guidi C, Frey B, Brunner I, Meusburger K, Vogel ME, Chen X, Stucky T, Gwiazdowicz DJ, Skubała P, Bose AK, Schaub M, Rigling A, Hagedorn F. Soil fauna drives vertical redistribution of soil organic carbon in a long-term irrigated dry pine forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3145-3160. [PMID: 35124879 PMCID: PMC9306871 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Summer droughts strongly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, but net effects on SOC storage are unclear as drought affects both C inputs and outputs from soils. Here, we explored the overlooked role of soil fauna on SOC storage in forests, hypothesizing that soil faunal activity is particularly drought-sensitive, thereby reducing litter incorporation into the mineral soil and, eventually, long-term SOC storage. In a drought-prone pine forest (Switzerland), we performed a large-scale irrigation experiment for 17 years and assessed its impact on vertical SOC distribution and composition. We also examined litter mass loss of dominant tree species using different mesh-size litterbags and determined soil fauna abundance and community composition. The 17-year-long irrigation resulted in a C loss in the organic layers (-1.0 kg C m-2 ) and a comparable C gain in the mineral soil (+0.8 kg C m-2 ) and thus did not affect total SOC stocks. Irrigation increased the mass loss of Quercus pubescens and Viburnum lantana leaf litter, with greater effect sizes when meso- and macrofauna were included (+215%) than when excluded (+44%). The enhanced faunal-mediated litter mass loss was paralleled by a many-fold increase in the abundance of meso- and macrofauna during irrigation. Moreover, Acari and Collembola community composition shifted, with a higher presence of drought-sensitive species in irrigated soils. In comparison, microbial SOC mineralization was less sensitive to soil moisture. Our results suggest that the vertical redistribution of SOC with irrigation was mainly driven by faunal-mediated litter incorporation, together with increased root C inputs. Our study shows that soil fauna is highly sensitive to natural drought, which leads to a reduced C transfer from organic layers to the mineral soil. In the longer term, this potentially affects SOC storage and, therefore, soil fauna plays a key but so far largely overlooked role in shaping SOC responses to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guidi
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Michael E. Vogel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Present address:
School of Geography and Remote SensingGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tobias Stucky
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Piotr Skubała
- Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland
| | - Arun K. Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulnaBangladesh
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
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12
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Hikino K, Danzberger J, Riedel VP, Rehschuh R, Ruehr NK, Hesse BD, Lehmann MM, Buegger F, Weikl F, Pritsch K, Grams TEE. High resilience of carbon transport in long-term drought-stressed mature Norway spruce trees within 2 weeks after drought release. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2095-2110. [PMID: 34927319 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under ongoing global climate change, drought periods are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity in the future. Under these circumstances, it is crucial for tree's survival to recover their restricted functionalities quickly after drought release. To elucidate the recovery of carbon (C) transport rates in c. 70-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) after 5 years of recurrent summer droughts, we conducted a continuous whole-tree 13 C labeling experiment in parallel with watering. We determined the arrival time of current photoassimilates in major C sinks by tracing the 13 C label in stem and soil CO2 efflux, and tips of living fine roots. In the first week after watering, aboveground C transport rates (CTR) from crown to trunk base were still 50% lower in previously drought-stressed trees (0.16 ± 0.01 m h-1 ) compared to controls (0.30 ± 0.06 m h-1 ). Conversely, CTR below ground, that is, from the trunk base to soil CO2 efflux were already similar between treatments (c. 0.03 m h-1 ). Two weeks after watering, aboveground C transport of previously drought-stressed trees recovered to the level of the controls. Furthermore, regrowth of water-absorbing fine roots upon watering was supported by faster incorporation of 13 C label in previously drought-stressed (within 12 ± 10 h upon arrival at trunk base) compared to control trees (73 ± 10 h). Thus, the whole-tree C transport system from the crown to soil CO2 efflux fully recovered within 2 weeks after drought release, and hence showed high resilience to recurrent summer droughts in mature Norway spruce forests. This high resilience of the C transport system is an important prerequisite for the recovery of other tree functionalities and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohsuke Hikino
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Freising, Germany
| | - Jasmin Danzberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vincent P Riedel
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Freising, Germany
| | - Romy Rehschuh
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Hesse
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Freising, Germany
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Franz Buegger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Weikl
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Freising, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Freising, Germany
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13
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Xu X, Duan C, Wu H, Luo X, Han L. Effects of changes in throughfall on soil GHG fluxes under a mature temperate forest, northeastern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:112950. [PMID: 34116307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios predict a change in the rainfall regimes for this current century, which has different impacts on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. However, how changes in annual rainfall affect annual GHG fluxes of forest soils remain unknown. A six-year field experiment with -25% and -50% throughfall (TF) and +25% TF manipulation was performed to explore the mechanisms involving GHG fluxes under a mature temperate forest, northeastern China and to work out whether the TF effect sizes on annual soil GHG fluxes vary with dry and wet years. The results showed that both -25% TF and -50% TF treatments depressed annual soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions but increased annual soil methane (CH4) uptake. A contrary pattern of annual soil GHG fluxes was observed in the +25% TF treatment. When annual TF input was decreased by 100 mm, annual soil N2O and CO2 emissions were decreased by 18.1 ± 3.1 mg N m-2 and by 39.4 ± 6.1 g C m-2 during the growing season, respectively, and annual soil CH4 uptake was increased by 11.5 ± 3.4 mg C m-2. Both -25% TF and -50% TF treatments reduced annual soil dissolved organic C (DOC) leaching by 29.3% and 45.6% and dissolved total N (DN) leaching by 30.8% and 39.6%, respectively. Contrary to annual soil N2O and CO2 emissions, annual soil CH4 uptake during the growing season significantly decreased with an increase in the annual leaching fluxes of soil DOC, inorganic N, and DN. Besides soil moisture and temperature and pH, soil GHG fluxes under manipulating TF condition were regulated by soil labile C and N status. Our findings indicated that the TF effect sizes on both annual GHG fluxes and net annual GHG balance (GWP) of forest soils varied with dry and wet years in northeastern China. The results highlight the importance of altered annual rainfall in regulating annual soil GHG fluxes and the GWP in temperate forests under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Cuntao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Zhao F, Wu Y, Hui J, Sivakumar B, Meng X, Liu S. Projected soil organic carbon loss in response to climate warming and soil water content in a loess watershed. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 16:24. [PMID: 34398330 PMCID: PMC8369727 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-021-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and terrestrial ecosystem functions. It is widely known that climate change and soil water content (SWC) could influence the SOC dynamics; however, there are still debates about how climate change, especially climate warming, and SWC impact SOC. We investigated the spatiotemporal changes in SOC and its responses to climate warming and root-zone SWC change using the coupled hydro-biogeochemical model (SWAT-DayCent) and climate scenarios data derived under the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) from five downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs) in a typical loess watershed--the Jinghe River Basin (JRB) on the Chinese Loess Plateau. RESULTS The air temperature would increase significantly during the future period (2017-2099), while the annual precipitation would increase by 2.0-13.1% relative to the baseline period (1976-2016), indicating a warmer and wetter future in the JRB. Driven by the precipitation variation, the root-zone SWC would also increase (by up to 27.9% relative to the baseline under RCP4.5); however, the SOC was projected to decrease significantly under the future warming climate. The combined effects of climate warming and SWC change could more reasonably explain the SOC loss, and this formed hump-shaped response surfaces between SOC loss and warming-SWC interactions under both RCP2.6 and 8.5, which can help explain diverse warming effects on SOC with changing SWC. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a significant potential carbon source under the future warmer and wetter climate in the JRB, and the SOC loss was largely controlled by future climate warming and the root-zone SWC as well. The hump-shaped responses of the SOC loss to climate warming and SWC change demonstrated that the SWC could mediate the warming effects on SOC loss, but this mediation largely depended on the SWC changing magnitude (drier or wetter soil conditions). This mediation mechanism about the effect of SWC on SOC would be valuable for enhancing soil carbon sequestration in a warming climate on the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Zhao
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinyu Hui
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bellie Sivakumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Xianyong Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
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15
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Andrade-Linares DR, Zistl-Schlingmann M, Foesel B, Dannenmann M, Schulz S, Schloter M. Short term effects of climate change and intensification of management on the abundance of microbes driving nitrogen turnover in montane grassland soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146672. [PMID: 34030328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Montane grasslands in Europe are exposed to increasing temperatures twice as fast as the global average. Changes in climatic conditions are possibly accompanied by an increase in land use intensity, caused by a prolongation of the vegetation period and the need to improve productivity. Therefore, the investigation of combined effects of climate change and land use intensity is needed to further implement agricultural management strategies. Here we present results from a study performed in the pre-alpine region of southern Germany, where intact plant-soil mesocosms from grasslands, were translocated along an altitudinal gradient, resulting in an increase in soil temperature (moderate treatment: +0.5 K; strong treatment: +1.9 K warming) during the experimental period. Additionally, we applied an extensive or intensive agricultural management (two vs. five times of mowing and slurry application) on the transplanted mesocosms. After an exposure of one year, we measured plant growth and soil properties and quantified abundances of soil microorganisms catalyzing key steps in the nitrogen (N) cycle. Our data indicate, significant interactions between climate change and management. For example, microbial biomass was significantly reduced (-47.7% and -49.8% for Cmic and Nmic respectively), which was further accompanied by lower abundances of N2-fixing bacteria (up to -89,3%), as well as ammonia oxidizing bacteria (-81.4%) under intensive management, whereas N-mineralizing bacteria increased in abundance (up to +139.8%) under extensive management. Surprisingly, the abundances of denitrifying bacteria as well as mean N2O emissions were not affected by the treatments. Overall, our data suggest pronounced shifts in the abundance of microbes driving the N cycle in soil as a result of combined climate change and land use intensification already after a short simulation period of one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Andrade-Linares
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Zistl-Schlingmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Baerbel Foesel
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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16
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Naidu DGT, Bagchi S. Greening of the earth does not compensate for rising soil heterotrophic respiration under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2029-2038. [PMID: 33508870 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stability of the soil carbon (C) pool under decadal scale variability in temperature and precipitation is an important source of uncertainty in our understanding of land-atmosphere climate feedbacks. This depends on how two opposing C-fluxes-influx from net primary production (NPP) and efflux from heterotrophic soil respiration (Rh )-respond to covariation in temperature and precipitation. There is scant evidence to judge whether field experiments which manipulate both temperature and precipitation align with Earth System Models, or not. As a result, even though the world is generally greening, whether the resultant gains in NPP can offset climate change impacts on Rh , where, and by how much, remains uncertain. Here, we use decadal-scale global time-series datasets on NPP, Rh , temperature, and precipitation to estimate the two opposing C-fluxes and address whether one can outpace the other. We implement machine-learning tools on recent (2001-2019) and near-future climate scenarios (2020-2040) to assess the response of both C-fluxes to temperature and precipitation variation. We find that changes in C-influx may not compensate for C-efflux, particularly in wetter and warmer conditions. Soil-C loss can occur in both tropics and at high latitudes since C-influx from NPP can fall behind C-efflux from Rh . Precipitation emerges as the key determinant of soil-C vulnerability in a warmer world, implying that hotspots for soil-C loss/gain can shift rapidly and highlighting that soil-C is vulnerable to climate change despite widespread greening of the world. The direction of covariation between change in temperature and precipitation, rather than their magnitude, can help conceptualize highly variable patterns in C-fluxes to guide soil-C stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip G T Naidu
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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17
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Nature-Based Solutions Forming Urban Intervention Approaches to Anthropogenic Climate Change: A Quantitative Literature Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Discussion around anthropogenic climate change has occurred for over 100 years. However, in recent decades, these discussions have intensified due to increased confidence in scientific research highlighting adverse effects, increased knowledge breadth in climate science, and heightened public and political awareness and engagement on the topic. Climate change is now acknowledged as one of the biggest challenges and threats to modern lifestyles. Nature-based solutions (NBS), as a mediator and mitigator to adverse climate change effects, is an emerging area of expanding research collateral and practitioner literacy. To highlight current NBS knowledge, existing knowledge gaps, and research trends, a Quantitative Systematic Literature Review (QSLR) was undertaken (n = 54). This QSLR reveals the short temporal span of articles relating to NBS as a response to climate change, with most articles being of a research style format. NBS research focus areas were found to be dominated by ecological and infrastructure approaches to climate change mitigation, and ecological and technical positions were found to be most topical across the current climate change literature. Multiple knowledge gaps were identified by the review, namely the lack of broader conceptual approaches and knowledge acquisition regarding climate change responses via NBS, as well as the psychological relationship humans share with NBS and climate change, adverse or otherwise. These knowledge gaps highlight where future research inquiry may be directed to increase the value and completion of this research area. It is hoped that this QSLR will assist in increasing the profile of NBS in the multidisciplinary and complex response to anthropogenic climate change, as well as contribute to the growth in investment and implementation of NBS assets for a rigid and resilient global future.
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18
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Wang Y, Liu S, Wang J, Chang SX, Luan J, Liu Y, Lu H, Liu X. Microbe-mediated attenuation of soil respiration in response to soil warming in a temperate oak forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134563. [PMID: 31812424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) in response to climate warming received a wide concern due to its important role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) cycling, but the warming-induced effects of soil microbes on soil respiration are still less understood, especially over time. Our study aims to understand the long-term warming induced effects of soil microbes on Rs. A field soil warming experiment using a completely randomized design was conducted in a naturally regenerated oak forest (Quercus aliena) in central China. Soil warming was executed by infrared heater throughout the period from 2011 to 2015. Our results showed that soil temperature was a main factor in regulating Rs in a temperate oak forest throughout the experiment, while soil water content determined Rs only when a naturally dry year occurred. The positive effect of soil warming on Rs that was observed (i.e., 37.5 to 42.0% in the first two years) gradually diminished in the following three years (i.e., 0.9 to 15.4%). Significant positive warming effects on the temperature sensitivity of Rs (Q10) only occurred in the second year. Continuous soil warming caused the decline in nitrogen (N) availability, with a significant increase in microbial biomass-specific enzyme activities for N-acquisition. The attenuation of microbial biomass increment and the decreased ratio of enzymatic C:N acquisition contributed to the diminished warming effect on Rs over time. Our study suggests that microbe-mediated attenuation of Rs, accompanied by the concomitant decline in soil N availability in response to warming, should be taken into consideration in global C cycle modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute for Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute for Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry and Grassland Administration The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Jingxin Wang
- West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E35, Canada
| | - Junwei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute for Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haibo Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Baotianman Natural Reserve Administration, Neixiang County, Henan 474350, China
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19
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Wu Y, Wang D, Qiao X, Jiang M, Li Q, Gu Z, Liu F. Forest dynamics and carbon storage under climate change in a subtropical mountainous region in central China. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dongya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Qianxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhirong Gu
- Badagongshan National Nature Reserve Sangzhi Hunan 416900 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China
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20
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Quan Q, Tian D, Luo Y, Zhang F, Crowther TW, Zhu K, Chen HYH, Zhou Q, Niu S. Water scaling of ecosystem carbon cycle feedback to climate warming. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1131. [PMID: 31457076 PMCID: PMC6703863 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established by field experiments that warming stimulates either net ecosystem carbon uptake or release, leading to negative or positive carbon cycle-climate change feedback, respectively. This variation in carbon-climate feedback has been partially attributed to water availability. However, it remains unclear under what conditions water availability enhances or weakens carbon-climate feedback or even changes its direction. Combining a field experiment with a global synthesis, we show that warming stimulates net carbon uptake (negative feedback) under wet conditions, but depresses it (positive feedback) under very dry conditions. This switch in carbon-climate feedback direction arises mainly from scaling effects of warming-induced decreases in soil water content on net ecosystem productivity. This water scaling of warming effects offers generalizable mechanisms not only to help explain varying magnitudes and directions of observed carbon-climate feedback but also to improve model prediction of ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tom W. Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Admixing Fir to European Beech Forests Improves the Soil Greenhouse Gas Balance. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research highlights: The admixture of fir to pure European beech hardly affected soil-atmosphere CH4 and N2O fluxes but increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at a site in the Black Forest, Southern Germany. Background and objectives: Admixing deep-rooting silver fir has been proposed as a measure to increase the resilience of beech forests towards intensified drying-wetting cycles. Hence, the goal of this study was to quantify the effect of fir admixture to beech forests on the soil-atmosphere-exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO2, CH4 and N2O) and the SOC stocks by comparing pure beech (BB) and mixed beech-fir (BF) stands in the Black Forest, Germany. Materials and methods: To account for the impact of drying-wetting events, we simulated prolonged summer drought periods by rainout shelters, followed by irrigation. Results: The admixture of fir to pure beech stands reduced soil respiration, especially during autumn and winter. This resulted in increased SOC stocks down to a 0.9 m depth by 9 t C ha−1 at BF. The mixed stand showed an insignificantly decreased sink strength for CH4 (−4.0 under BB and −3.6 kg C ha−1 year−1 under BF). With maximal emissions of 25 µg N m−2 h−1, N2O fluxes were very low and remained unchanged by the fir admixture. The total soil GHG balance of forest conversion from BB to BF was strongly dominated by changes in SOC stocks. Extended summer droughts significantly decreased the soil respiration in both BB and BF stands and increased the net CH4 uptake. Conclusions: Overall, this study highlights the positive effects of fir admixture to beech stands on SOC stocks and the total soil GHG balance. In view of the positive impact of increased SOC stocks on key soil functions such as water and nutrient retention, admixing fir to beech stands appears to be a suitable measure to mitigate climate change stresses on European beech stands.
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Dhital D, Prajapati S, Maharjan SR, Koizumi H. Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission: Soil Respiration Measurement in Temperate Grassland, Nepal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2019.102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Chen J, Luo Y, García-Palacios P, Cao J, Dacal M, Zhou X, Li J, Xia J, Niu S, Yang H, Shelton S, Guo W, van Groenigen KJ. Differential responses of carbon-degrading enzyme activities to warming: Implications for soil respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4816-4826. [PMID: 29999577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps in soil organic matter decomposition, and their activities (EEAs) play a key role in determining soil respiration (SR). Both EEAs and SR are highly sensitive to temperature, but their responses to climate warming remain poorly understood. Here, we present a meta-analysis on the response of soil cellulase and ligninase activities and SR to warming, synthesizing data from 56 studies. We found that warming significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 21.4% but had no effect on cellulase activity. Increases in ligninase activity were positively correlated with changes in SR, while no such relationship was found for cellulase. The warming response of ligninase activity was more closely related to the responses of SR than a wide range of environmental and experimental methodological factors. Furthermore, warming effects on ligninase activity increased with experiment duration. These results suggest that soil microorganisms sustain long-term increases in SR with warming by gradually increasing the degradation of the recalcitrant carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Marina Dacal
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Tiantong National Field Observation Station for Forest Ecosystem, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Tiantong National Field Observation Station for Forest Ecosystem, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Shelby Shelton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Thakur MP, Reich PB, Hobbie SE, Stefanski A, Rich R, Rice KE, Eddy WC, Eisenhauer N. Reduced feeding activity of soil detritivores under warmer and drier conditions. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2018; 8:75-78. [PMID: 29375673 PMCID: PMC5777625 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-017-0032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic warming is projected to trigger positive feedbacks to climate by enhancing carbon losses from the soil1. While such losses are, in part, owing to increased decomposition of organic matter by invertebrate detritivores, it is unknown how detritivore feeding activity will change with warming2, especially under drought conditions. Here, using four year manipulation experiments in two North American boreal forests, we investigate how temperature (ambient, +1.7 °C, +3.4 °C) and rainfall (ambient, -40% summer precipitation) perturbations influence detritivore feeding activity. In contrast to general expectations1,3, warming had negligible net effects on detritivore feeding activity at ambient precipitation. However, when combined with precipitation reductions, warming decreased feeding activity by ~14%. As across all plots and dates, detritivore feeding activity was positively associated to bulk soil microbial respiration, our results suggest slower rates of decomposition of soil organic matter, and thus reduced positive feedbacks to climate under anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Thakur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 North Cleveland Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 North Cleveland Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Roy Rich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 North Cleveland Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Karen E. Rice
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 North Cleveland Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - William C. Eddy
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Lu H, Liu S, Wang H, Luan J, Schindlbacher A, Liu Y, Wang Y. Experimental throughfall reduction barely affects soil carbon dynamics in a warm-temperate oak forest, central China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15099. [PMID: 29118364 PMCID: PMC5678107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing precipitation patterns could affect soil carbon (C) cycling in China’s forests. A throughfall reduction (TFR) experiment was conducted in a warm-temperate oak forest in central China to examine effects of reduced precipitation on total soil respiration (SR), heterotrophic soil respiration (HR), autotrophic soil respiration (AR), soil microbial biomass, and fine root biomass from 2013 to 2016. Rain-out shelters, excluding ~50% of throughfall, were applied between May and September, thereby simulating a ~30% reduction in annual precipitation. Although soil moisture was significantly reduced during TFR, microbial biomass and HR remained unaffected. SR, AR, as well as fine root biomass increased during TFR in a comparable dry year, but remained unaffected during all other years. Annual rates of SR, HR, and AR were all unaffected by TFR. Our results indicate that a mild, steady, reduction in growing season precipitation does not affect soil organic matter decomposition in the oak forest ecosystem studied. Low SR rates during a natural dry-spell indicate that SR can be significantly decreased under more severe drought than imposed by the TFR treatment. Our data suggest a low soil moisture threshold of about 10 vol% for SR in the studied soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Junwei Luan
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, A-1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanchun Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
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26
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White-Monsant AC, Clark GJ, Ng Kam Chuen MAG, Tang C. Experimental warming and antecedent fire alter leaf element composition and increase soil C:N ratio in sub-alpine open heathland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:41-50. [PMID: 28376427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities in alpine ecosystems worldwide are being altered by climate warming. In the alpine open heathland of the Bogong High Plains, Australia, warming and fire have affected the growth and phenology of plants, and have recently been found to alter soil nutrient availability. We examined the effects of nine years of passive warming by open-top chambers and nine years post-fire on (i) the soluble and extractable nutrients and toxic elements available for plant uptake in the soil and (ii) on the element composition of leaves of seven dominant sub-alpine open heathland plants. Warming increased soil C, soil C:N, and decreased soil δ13C, indicating an accumulation of soil organic matter and C sequestration. Warming increased soil δ15N, indicating increased N mineralization, which concurred with the increased availability of NH4+ (measured by ion-exchange membranes). Leaf element composition varied among the plant species in response to changes in soil element availabilities, suggesting the importance of species-specific knowledge. Warming decreased leaf N concentration and increased leaf C:N, generally in the plant community, and specifically in Asterolasia trymalioides, Carex breviculmis, Poa hiemata, and Rytidosperma nudiflorum. Warming increased soil P availability, but did not significantly affect leaf P in any species. Antecedent fire increased soil C:N, and decreased concentrations of Ca and Mg in Celmisia pugioniformis more than in the other species. The results suggest that warming and fire changed the nutrient composition of plants and increased soil C:N, which might lead to progressive N limitation in the alpine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C White-Monsant
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for Agribiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - G J Clark
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for Agribiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - M A G Ng Kam Chuen
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for Agribiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - C Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for Agribiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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27
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Ni X, Yang W, Qi Z, Liao S, Xu Z, Tan B, Wang B, Wu Q, Fu C, You C, Wu F. Simple additive simulation overestimates real influence: altered nitrogen and rainfall modulate the effect of warming on soil carbon fluxes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3371-3381. [PMID: 27935178 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Experiments and models have led to a consensus that there is positive feedback between carbon (C) fluxes and climate warming. However, the effect of warming may be altered by regional and global changes in nitrogen (N) and rainfall levels, but the current understanding is limited. Through synthesizing global data on soil C pool, input and loss from experiments simulating N deposition, drought and increased precipitation, we quantified the responses of soil C fluxes and equilibrium to the three single factors and their interactions with warming. We found that warming slightly increased the soil C input and loss by 5% and 9%, respectively, but had no significant effect on the soil C pool. Nitrogen deposition alone increased the soil C input (+20%), but the interaction of warming and N deposition greatly increased the soil C input by 49%. Drought alone decreased the soil C input by 17%, while the interaction of warming and drought decreased the soil C input to a greater extent (-22%). Increased precipitation stimulated the soil C input by 15%, but the interaction of warming and increased precipitation had no significant effect on the soil C input. However, the soil C loss was not significantly affected by any of the interactions, although it was constrained by drought (-18%). These results implied that the positive C fluxes-climate warming feedback was modulated by the changing N and rainfall regimes. Further, we found that the additive effects of [warming × N deposition] and [warming × drought] on the soil C input and of [warming × increased precipitation] on the soil C loss were greater than their interactions, suggesting that simple additive simulation using single-factor manipulations may overestimate the effects on soil C fluxes in the real world. Therefore, we propose that more multifactorial experiments should be considered in studying Earth systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyin Ni
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Wanqin Yang
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zemin Qi
- College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641199, China
| | - Shu Liao
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Laboratory of Forestry, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode (Melle), Belgium
| | - Qinggui Wu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Changkun Fu
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengming You
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Long-Term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, 611130, China
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28
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Martins CSC, Nazaries L, Delgado‐Baquerizo M, Macdonald CA, Anderson IC, Hobbie SE, Venterea RT, Reich PB, Singh BK. Identifying environmental drivers of greenhouse gas emissions under warming and reduced rainfall in boreal–temperate forests. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S. C. Martins
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Loïc Nazaries
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Catriona A. Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Ian C. Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Rodney T. Venterea
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
- USDA‐ARS Soil & Water Management Research Unit Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Global Centre for Land‐based Innovation Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
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29
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Matyssek R, Kozovits AR, Wieser G, King J, Rennenberg H. Woody-plant ecosystems under climate change and air pollution-response consistencies across zonobiomes? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:706-732. [PMID: 28338970 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Forests store the largest terrestrial pools of carbon (C), helping to stabilize the global climate system, yet are threatened by climate change (CC) and associated air pollution (AP, highlighting ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)). We adopt the perspective that CC-AP drivers and physiological impacts are universal, resulting in consistent stress responses of forest ecosystems across zonobiomes. Evidence supporting this viewpoint is presented from the literature on ecosystem gross/net primary productivity and water cycling. Responses to CC-AP are compared across evergreen/deciduous foliage types, discussing implications of nutrition and resource turnover at tree and ecosystem scales. The availability of data is extremely uneven across zonobiomes, yet unifying patterns of ecosystem response are discernable. Ecosystem warming results in trade-offs between respiration and biomass production, affecting high elevation forests more than in the lowland tropics and low-elevation temperate zone. Resilience to drought is modulated by tree size and species richness. Elevated O3 tends to counteract stimulation by elevated carbon dioxide (CO2). Biotic stress and genomic structure ultimately determine ecosystem responsiveness. Aggrading early- rather than mature late-successional communities respond to CO2 enhancement, whereas O3 affects North American and Eurasian tree species consistently under free-air fumigation. Insect herbivory is exacerbated by CC-AP in biome-specific ways. Rhizosphere responses reflect similar stand-level nutritional dynamics across zonobiomes, but are modulated by differences in tree-soil nutrient cycling between deciduous and evergreen systems, and natural versus anthropogenic nitrogen (N) oversupply. The hypothesis of consistency of forest responses to interacting CC-AP is supported by currently available data, establishing the precedent for a global network of long-term coordinated research sites across zonobiomes to simultaneously advance both bottom-up (e.g., mechanistic) and top-down (systems-level) understanding. This global, synthetic approach is needed because high biological plasticity and physiographic variation across individual ecosystems currently limit development of predictive models of forest responses to CC-AP. Integrated research on C and nutrient cycling, O3-vegetation interactions and water relations must target mechanisms' ecosystem responsiveness. Worldwide case studies must be subject to biostatistical exploration to elucidate overarching response patterns and synthesize the resulting empirical data through advanced modelling, in order to provide regionally coherent, yet globally integrated information in support of internationally coordinated decision-making and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matyssek
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - A R Kozovits
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Department of Biodiversity, Evolution and Environment, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Bauxita, 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - G Wieser
- Department of Alpine Timberline Ecophysiology, Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J King
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, D79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Liang N, Teramoto M, Takagi M, Zeng J. High-resolution data on the impact of warming on soil CO 2 efflux from an Asian monsoon forest. Sci Data 2017; 4:170026. [PMID: 28291228 PMCID: PMC5386236 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a project for evaluation of global warming’s impacts on soil carbon dynamics in Japanese forest ecosystems. We started a soil warming experiment in late 2008 in a 55-year-old evergreen broad-leaved forest at the boundary between the subtropical and warm-temperate biomes in southern Japan. We used infrared carbon-filament heat lamps to increase soil temperature by about 2.5 °C at a depth of 5 cm and continuously recorded CO2 emission from the soil surface using a multichannel automated chamber system. Here, we present details of the experimental processes and datasets for the CO2 emission rate, soil temperature, and soil moisture from control, trenched, and warmed trenched plots. The long term of the study and its high resolution make the datasets meaningful for use in or development of coupled climate-ecosystem models to tune their dynamic behaviour as well as to provide mean parameters for decomposition of soil organic carbon to support future predictions of soil carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naishen Liang
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Munemasa Teramoto
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 11300 Tano-cho, Miyazaki 889-1702, Japan
| | - Jiye Zeng
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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31
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Effect of Soil Moisture on the Response of Soil Respiration to Open-Field Experimental Warming and Precipitation Manipulation. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Temporal Variability of Soil Respiration in Experimental Tree Plantations in Lowland Costa Rica. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Black CK, Davis SC, Hudiburg TW, Bernacchi CJ, DeLucia EH. Elevated CO 2 and temperature increase soil C losses from a soybean-maize ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:435-445. [PMID: 27252041 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Warming temperatures and increasing CO2 are likely to have large effects on the amount of carbon stored in soil, but predictions of these effects are poorly constrained. We elevated temperature (canopy: +2.8 °C; soil growing season: +1.8 °C; soil fallow: +2.3 °C) for 3 years within the 9th-11th years of an elevated CO2 (+200 ppm) experiment on a maize-soybean agroecosystem, measured respiration by roots and soil microbes, and then used a process-based ecosystem model (DayCent) to simulate the decadal effects of warming and CO2 enrichment on soil C. Both heating and elevated CO2 increased respiration from soil microbes by ~20%, but heating reduced respiration from roots and rhizosphere by ~25%. The effects were additive, with no heat × CO2 interactions. Particulate organic matter and total soil C declined over time in all treatments and were lower in elevated CO2 plots than in ambient plots, but did not differ between heat treatments. We speculate that these declines indicate a priming effect, with increased C inputs under elevated CO2 fueling a loss of old soil carbon. Model simulations of heated plots agreed with our observations and predicted loss of ~15% of soil organic C after 100 years of heating, but simulations of elevated CO2 failed to predict the observed C losses and instead predicted a ~4% gain in soil organic C under any heating conditions. Despite model uncertainty, our empirical results suggest that combined, elevated CO2 and temperature will lead to long-term declines in the amount of carbon stored in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Black
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sarah C Davis
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Tara W Hudiburg
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Evan H DeLucia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Hinojosa MB, Parra A, Laudicina VA, Moreno JM. Post-fire soil functionality and microbial community structure in a Mediterranean shrubland subjected to experimental drought. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1178-1189. [PMID: 27055924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fire may cause significant alterations in soil properties. Post-fire soil dynamics can vary depending, among other factors, on rainfall patterns. However, little is known regarding variations in response to post-fire drought. This is relevant in arid and semiarid areas with poor soils, like much of the western Mediterranean. Furthermore, climate change projections in such areas anticipate reduced precipitation and longer annual drought periods, together with an increase in fire severity and frequency. This research evaluates the effects of experimental drought after fire on soil dynamics of a Cistus-Erica shrubland (Central Spain). A replicated (n=4) field experiment was conducted in which the total rainfall and its patterns were manipulated by means of a rain-out shelters and irrigation system. The treatments were: environmental control (natural rainfall), historical control (average rainfall, 2months drought), moderate drought (25% reduction of historical control, 5months drought) and severe drought (45% reduction, 7months drought). After one growing season under these rainfall treatments, the plots were burned. One set of unburned plots under natural rainfall served as an additional control. Soils were collected seasonally. Fire increased soil P and N availability. Post-fire drought treatments reduced available soil P but increased N concentration (mainly nitrate). Fire reduced available K irrespective of drought treatments. Fire reduced enzyme activities and carbon mineralization rate, a reduction that was higher in post-fire drought-treated soils. Fire decreased soil microbial biomass and the proportion of fungi, while that of actinomycetes increased. Post-fire drought decreased soil total microbial biomass and fungi, with bacteria becoming more abundant. Our results support that increasing drought after fire could compromise the resilience of Mediterranean ecosystems to fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belén Hinojosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Antonio Parra
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - José M Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Schnecker J, Borken W, Schindlbacher A, Wanek W. Little effects on soil organic matter chemistry of density fractions after seven years of forest soil warming. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 103:300-307. [PMID: 28042178 PMCID: PMC5198888 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures enhance microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and thereby increase the soil CO2 efflux. Elevated decomposition rates might differently affect distinct SOM pools, depending on their stability and accessibility. Soil fractions derived from density fractionation have been suggested to represent SOM pools with different turnover times and stability against microbial decomposition. To investigate the effect of soil warming on functionally different soil organic matter pools, we here investigated the chemical and isotopic composition of bulk soil and three density fractions (free particulate organic matter, fPOM; occluded particulate organic matter, oPOM; and mineral associated organic matter, MaOM) of a C-rich soil from a long-term warming experiment in a spruce forest in the Austrian Alps. At the time of sampling, the soil in this experiment had been warmed during the snow-free period for seven consecutive years. During that time no thermal adaptation of the microbial community could be identified and CO2 release from the soil continued to be elevated by the warming treatment. Our results, which included organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, δ13C, Δ14C, δ15N and the chemical composition, identified by pyrolysis-GC/MS, showed no significant differences in bulk soil between warming treatment and control. Surprisingly, the differences in the three density fractions were mostly small and the direction of warming induced change was variable with fraction and soil depth. Warming led to reduced N content in topsoil oPOM and subsoil fPOM and to reduced relative abundance of N-bearing compounds in subsoil MaOM. Further, warming increased the δ13C of MaOM at both sampling depths, reduced the relative abundance of carbohydrates while it increased the relative abundance of lignins in subsoil oPOM. As the size of the functionally different SOM pools did not significantly change, we assume that the few and small modifications in SOM chemistry result from an interplay of enhanced microbial decomposition of SOM and increased root litter input in the warmed plots. Overall, stable functional SOM pool sizes indicate that soil warming had similarly affected easily decomposable and stabilized SOM of this C-rich forest soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schnecker
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of
New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of
Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth,
Germany
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre
for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape – BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of
Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sustained acceleration of soil carbon decomposition observed in a 6-year warming experiment in a warm-temperate forest in southern Japan. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35563. [PMID: 27748424 PMCID: PMC5066277 DOI: 10.1038/srep35563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine global warming's effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in Asian monsoon forests, we conducted a soil warming experiment with a multichannel automated chamber system in a 55-year-old warm-temperate evergreen broadleaved forest in southern Japan. We established three treatments: control chambers for total soil respiration, trenched chambers for heterotrophic respiration (Rh), and warmed trenched chambers to examine warming effect on Rh. The soil was warmed with an infrared heater above each chamber to increase soil temperature at 5 cm depth by about 2.5 °C. The warming treatment lasted from January 2009 to the end of 2014. The annual warming effect on Rh (an increase per °C) ranged from 7.1 to17.8% °C-1. Although the warming effect varied among the years, it averaged 9.4% °C-1 over 6 years, which was close to the value of 10.1 to 10.9% °C-1 that we calculated using the annual temperature-efflux response model of Lloyd and Taylor. The interannual warming effect was positively related to the total precipitation in the summer period, indicating that summer precipitation and the resulting soil moisture level also strongly influenced the soil warming effect in this forest.
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Heterotrophic respiration does not acclimate to continuous warming in a subtropical forest. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21561. [PMID: 26900028 PMCID: PMC4761939 DOI: 10.1038/srep21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As heterotrophic respiration (RH) has great potential to increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations, it is important to understand warming effects on RH for a better prediction of carbon–climate feedbacks. However, it remains unclear how RH responds to warming in subtropical forests. Here, we carried out trenching alone and trenching with warming treatments to test the climate warming effect on RH in a subtropical forest in southwestern China. During the measurement period, warming increased annual soil temperature by 2.1 °C, and increased annual mean RH by 22.9%. Warming effect on soil temperature (WET) showed very similar pattern with warming effect on RH (WERH), decreasing yearly. Regression analyses suggest that WERH was controlled by WET and also regulated by the soil water content. These results showed that the decrease of WERH was not caused by acclimation to the warmer temperature, but was instead due to decrease of WET. We therefore suggest that global warming will accelerate soil carbon efflux to the atmosphere, regulated by the change in soil water content in subtropical forests.
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Noh NJ, Kuribayashi M, Saitoh TM, Nakaji T, Nakamura M, Hiura T, Muraoka H. Responses of Soil, Heterotrophic, and Autotrophic Respiration to Experimental Open-Field Soil Warming in a Cool-Temperate Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schindlbacher A, Schnecker J, Takriti M, Borken W, Wanek W. Microbial physiology and soil CO2 efflux after 9 years of soil warming in a temperate forest - no indications for thermal adaptations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:4265-77. [PMID: 26046333 PMCID: PMC4618313 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal adaptations of soil microorganisms could mitigate or facilitate global warming effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil CO2 efflux. We incubated soil from warmed and control subplots of a forest soil warming experiment to assess whether 9 years of soil warming affected the rates and the temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial efficiency, and gross N mineralization. Mineral soil (0-10 cm depth) was incubated at temperatures ranging from 3 to 23 °C. No adaptations to long-term warming were observed regarding the heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R10 warmed: 2.31 ± 0.15 μmol m(-2) s(-1) , control: 2.34 ± 0.29 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ; Q10 warmed: 2.45 ± 0.06, control: 2.45 ± 0.04). Potential enzyme activities increased with incubation temperature, but the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes did not differ between the warmed and the control soils. The ratio of C : N acquiring enzyme activities was significantly higher in the warmed soil. Microbial biomass-specific respiration rates increased with incubation temperature, but the rates and the temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 2.54 ± 0.23, control 2.75 ± 0.17) did not differ between warmed and control soils. Microbial substrate use efficiency (SUE) declined with increasing incubation temperature in both, warmed and control, soils. SUE and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 0.84 ± 0.03, control: 0.88 ± 0.01) did not differ between warmed and control soils either. Gross N mineralization was invariant to incubation temperature and was not affected by long-term soil warming. Our results indicate that thermal adaptations of the microbial decomposer community are unlikely to occur in C-rich calcareous temperate forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest EcologyFederal Research and Training Centre for ForestsNatural Hazards and Landscape ‐ BFWSeckendorff‐Gudent Weg 8A‐2213ViennaAustria
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14ViennaA‐1090Austria
| | - Mounir Takriti
- Lancaster Environment CenterUniversity of LancasterLA1 4YQLancasterUK
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil EcologyUniversity of BayreuthDr. Hans‐Frisch‐Straße 1‐3D‐95448BayreuthGermany
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14ViennaA‐1090Austria
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Shi Z, Zhang Y, Chen B, Zhou W, Du E, Fang J. Comparison of the Variation of Soil Respiration in Carbon Cycle in Temperate and Subtropical Forests and the Relationship with Climatic Variables. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2015.63.3.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Keiblinger KM, Mooshammer M, Peñuelas J, Richter A, Sardans J, Wanek W. The application of ecological stoichiometry to plant–microbial–soil organic matter transformations. ECOL MONOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/14-0777.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Schindlbacher A, Borken W, Djukic I, Brandstätter C, Spötl C, Wanek W. Contribution of carbonate weathering to the CO 2 efflux from temperate forest soils. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2015; 124:273-290. [PMID: 26213432 PMCID: PMC4512732 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-015-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperate forests provide favorable conditions for carbonate bedrock weathering as the soil CO2 partial pressure is high and soil water is regularly available. As a result of weathering, abiotic CO2 can be released and contribute to the soil CO2 efflux. We used the distinct isotopic signature of the abiotic CO2 to estimate its contribution to the total soil CO2 efflux. Soil cores were sampled from forests on dolomite and limestone and were incubated under the exclusion of atmospheric CO2. Efflux and isotopic signatures of CO2 were repeatedly measured of cores containing the whole mineral soil and bedrock material (heterotrophic respiration + CO2 from weathering) and of cores containing only the mineral top-soil layer (A-horizon; heterotrophic respiration). An aliquot of the cores were let dry out during incubation to assess effects of soil moisture. Although the δ13C values of the CO2 efflux from the dolomite soil cores were within a narrow range (A-horizon -26.2 ± 0.1 ‰; whole soil profile wet -25.8 ± 0.1 ‰; whole soil profile dry -25.5 ± 0.1 ‰) the CO2 efflux from the separated A-horizons was significantly depleted in 13C when compared to the whole soil profiles (p = 0.015). The abiotic contribution to the total CO2 efflux from the dolomite soil cores was 2.0 ± 0.5 % under wet and 3.4 ± 0.5 % under dry conditions. No abiotic CO2 efflux was traceable from the limestone soil cores. An overall low contribution of CO2 from weathering was affirmed by the amount and 13C signature of the leached dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the radiocarbon signature of the soil CO2 efflux in the field. Together, our data point towards no more than 1-2 % contribution of abiotic CO2 to the growing season soil CO2 efflux in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schindlbacher
- />Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape – BFW, Seckendorff-GudentWeg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Borken
- />Department of Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ika Djukic
- />Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape – BFW, Seckendorff-GudentWeg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Brandstätter
- />Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape – BFW, Seckendorff-GudentWeg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Spötl
- />Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- />Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Steinauer K, Tilman D, Wragg PD, Cesarz S, Cowles JM, Pritsch K, Reich PB, Weisser WW, Eisenhauer N. Plant diversity effects on soil microbial functions and enzymes are stronger than warming in a grassland experiment. Ecology 2015; 96:99-112. [DOI: 10.1890/14-0088.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Steinauer
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Ecology, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Peter D. Wragg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Simone Cesarz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Ecology, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jane M. Cowles
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2753 Australia
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Technische Universität München, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Ecology, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Reynolds LL, Johnson BR, Pfeifer-Meister L, Bridgham SD. Soil respiration response to climate change in Pacific Northwest prairies is mediated by a regional Mediterranean climate gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:487-500. [PMID: 25205511 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration is expected to increase with rising global temperatures but the degree of response may depend on soil moisture and other local factors. Experimental climate change studies from single sites cannot discern whether an observed response is site-dependent or generalizable. To deconvolve site-specific vs. regional climatic controls, we examined soil respiration for 18 months along a 520 km climate gradient in three Pacific Northwest, USA prairies that represents increasingly severe Mediterranean conditions from north to south. At each site we implemented a fully factorial combination of 2.5-3 °C warming and 20% added precipitation intensity. The response of soil respiration to warming was driven primarily by the latitudinal climate gradient and not site-specific factors. Warming increased respiration at all sites during months when soil moisture was not limiting. However, these gains were offset by reductions in respiration during seasonal transitions and summer drought due to lengthened periods of soil moisture limitation. The degree of this offset varied along the north-south climate gradient such that in 2011 warming increased cumulative annual soil respiration 28.6% in the northern site, 13.5% in the central site, and not at all in the southern site. Precipitation also stimulated soil respiration more frequently in the south, consistent with an increased duration of moisture limitation. The best predictors of soil respiration in nonlinear models were the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), antecedent soil moisture, and temperature but these models provided biased results at high and low soil respiration. NDVI was an effective integrator of climate and site differences in plant productivity in terms of their combined effects on soil respiration. Our results suggest that soil moisture limitation can offset the effect of warming on soil respiration, and that greater growing-season moisture limitation would constrain cumulative annual responses to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorien L Reynolds
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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45
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Wang X, Liu L, Piao S, Janssens IA, Tang J, Liu W, Chi Y, Wang J, Xu S. Soil respiration under climate warming: differential response of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:3229-3237. [PMID: 24771521 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, how climate warming alters the global flux of soil respiration is still poorly characterized. Here, we use meta-analysis to synthesize 202 soil respiration datasets from 50 ecosystem warming experiments across multiple terrestrial ecosystems. We found that, on average, warming by 2 °C increased soil respiration by 12% during the early warming years, but warming-induced drought partially offset this effect. More significantly, the two components of soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration showed distinct responses. The warming effect on autotrophic respiration was not statistically detectable during the early warming years, but nonetheless decreased with treatment duration. In contrast, warming by 2 °C increased heterotrophic respiration by an average of 21%, and this stimulation remained stable over the warming duration. This result challenged the assumption that microbial activity would acclimate to the rising temperature. Together, our findings demonstrate that distinguishing heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration would allow us better understand and predict the long-term response of soil respiration to warming. The dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture condition also underscores the importance of incorporating warming-induced soil hydrological changes when modeling soil respiration under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
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46
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Graham SL, Hunt JE, Millard P, McSeveny T, Tylianakis JM, Whitehead D. Effects of soil warming and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a New Zealand tussock grassland. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91204. [PMID: 24621790 PMCID: PMC3951317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil respiration (RS) represents a large terrestrial source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Global change drivers such as climate warming and nitrogen deposition are expected to alter the terrestrial carbon cycle with likely consequences for RS and its components, autotrophic (RA) and heterotrophic respiration (RH). Here we investigate the impacts of a 3°C soil warming treatment and a 50 kg ha−1 y−1 nitrogen addition treatment on RS, RH and their respective seasonal temperature responses in an experimental tussock grassland. Average respiration in untreated soils was 0.96±0.09 μmol m−2 s−1 over the course of the experiment. Soil warming and nitrogen addition increased RS by 41% and 12% respectively. These treatment effects were additive under combined warming and nitrogen addition. Warming increased RH by 37% while nitrogen addition had no effect. Warming and nitrogen addition affected the seasonal temperature response of RS by increasing the basal rate of respiration (R10) by 14% and 20% respectively. There was no significant interaction between treatments for R10. The treatments had no impact on activation energy (E0). The seasonal temperature response of RH was not affected by either warming or nitrogen addition. These results suggest that the additional CO2 emissions from New Zealand tussock grassland soils as a result of warming-enhanced RS constitute a potential positive feedback to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L. Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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Schindlbacher A, Jandl R, Schindlbacher S. Natural variations in snow cover do not affect the annual soil CO2 efflux from a mid-elevation temperate forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:622-32. [PMID: 23966344 PMCID: PMC4298805 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change might alter annual snowfall patterns and modify the duration and magnitude of snow cover in temperate regions with resultant impacts on soil microclimate and soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil ). We used a 5-year time series of Fsoil measurements from a mid-elevation forest to assess the effects of naturally changing snow cover. Snow cover varied considerably in duration (105-154 days) and depth (mean snow depth 19-59 cm). Periodically shallow snow cover (<10 cm) caused soil freezing or increased variation in soil temperature. This was mostly not reflected in Fsoil which tended to decrease gradually throughout winter. Progressively decreasing C substrate availability (identified by substrate induced respiration) likely over-rid the effects of slowly changing soil temperatures and determined the overall course of Fsoil . Cumulative CO2 efflux from beneath snow cover varied between 0.46 and 0.95 t C ha(-1) yr(-1) and amounted to between 6 and 12% of the annual efflux. When compared over a fixed interval (the longest period of snow cover during the 5 years), the cumulative CO2 efflux ranged between 0.77 and 1.18 t C ha(-1) or between 11 and 15% of the annual soil CO2 efflux. The relative contribution (15%) was highest during the year with the shortest winter. Variations in snow cover were not reflected in the annual CO2 efflux (7.44-8.41 t C ha(-1) ) which did not differ significantly between years and did not correlate with any snow parameter. Regional climate at our site was characterized by relatively high amounts of precipitation. Therefore, snow did not play a role in terms of water supply during the warm season and primarily affected cold season processes. The role of changing snow cover therefore seems rather marginal when compared to potential climate change effects on Fsoil during the warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape - BFWA-1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Jandl
- Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape - BFWA-1131, Vienna, Austria
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Loudermilk EL, Scheller RM, Weisberg PJ, Yang J, Dilts TE, Karam SL, Skinner C. Carbon dynamics in the future forest: the importance of long-term successional legacy and climate-fire interactions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3502-3515. [PMID: 23821586 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how climate change may influence forest carbon (C) budgets requires knowledge of forest growth relationships with regional climate, long-term forest succession, and past and future disturbances, such as wildfires and timber harvesting events. We used a landscape-scale model of forest succession, wildfire, and C dynamics (LANDIS-II) to evaluate the effects of a changing climate (A2 and B1 IPCC emissions; Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory General Circulation Models) on total forest C, tree species composition, and wildfire dynamics in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California, and Nevada. The independent effects of temperature and precipitation were assessed within and among climate models. Results highlight the importance of modeling forest succession and stand development processes at the landscape scale for understanding the C cycle. Due primarily to landscape legacy effects of historic logging of the Comstock Era in the late 1880s, C sequestration may continue throughout the current century, and the forest will remain a C sink (Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance > 0), regardless of climate regime. Climate change caused increases in temperatures limited simulated C sequestration potential because of augmented fire activity and reduced establishment ability of subalpine and upper montane trees. Higher temperatures influenced forest response more than reduced precipitation. As the forest reached its potential steady state, the forest could become C neutral or a C source, and climate change could accelerate this transition. The future of forest ecosystem C cycling in many forested systems worldwide may depend more on major disturbances and landscape legacies related to land use than on projected climate change alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Louise Loudermilk
- Environmental Science and Management Department, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
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Lai L, Wang J, Tian Y, Zhao X, Jiang L, Chen X, Gao Y, Wang S, Zheng Y. Organic matter and water addition enhance soil respiration in an arid region. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77659. [PMID: 24204907 PMCID: PMC3799695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is generally predicted to increase net primary production, which could lead to additional C input to soil. In arid central Asia, precipitation has increased and is predicted to increase further. To assess the combined effects of these changes on soil CO2 efflux in arid land, a two factorial manipulation experiment in the shrubland of an arid region in northwest China was conducted. The experiment used a nested design with fresh organic matter and water as the two controlled parameters. It was found that both fresh organic matter and water enhanced soil respiration, and there was a synergistic effect of these two treatments on soil respiration increase. Water addition not only enhanced soil C emission, but also regulated soil C sequestration by fresh organic matter addition. The results indicated that the soil CO2 flux of the shrubland is likely to increase with climate change, and precipitation played a dominant role in regulating soil C balance in the shrubland of an arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, Beijing Botanical garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, Beijing Botanical garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuechun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, Beijing Botanical garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, Beijing Botanical garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, Beijing Botanical garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lu X, Fan J, Yan Y, Wang X. Responses of soil CO2 fluxes to short-term experimental warming in alpine steppe ecosystem, Northern Tibet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59054. [PMID: 23536854 PMCID: PMC3594177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is one of the largest fluxes in the global carbon cycle. Therefore small changes in the size of this flux can have a large effect on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and potentially constitute a powerful positive feedback to the climate system. Soil CO2 fluxes in the alpine steppe ecosystem of Northern Tibet and their responses to short-term experimental warming were investigated during the growing season in 2011. The results showed that the total soil CO2 emission fluxes during the entire growing season were 55.82 and 104.31 g C m-2 for the control and warming plots, respectively. Thus, the soil CO2 emission fluxes increased 86.86% with the air temperature increasing 3.74°C. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) of the control and warming plots were 2.10 and 1.41, respectively. The soil temperature and soil moisture could partially explain the temporal variations of soil CO2 fluxes. The relationship between the temporal variation of soil CO2 fluxes and the soil temperature can be described by exponential equation. These results suggest that warming significantly promoted soil CO2 emission in the alpine steppe ecosystem of Northern Tibet and indicate that this alpine ecosystem is very vulnerable to climate change. In addition, soil temperature and soil moisture are the key factors that controls soil organic matter decomposition and soil CO2 emission, but temperature sensitivity significantly decreases due to the rise in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Xainza Alpine Steppe and Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xainza, Tibet, China
- * E-mail: (XYL); (XDW)
| | - Jihui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Xainza Alpine Steppe and Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xainza, Tibet, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (XYL); (XDW)
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