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Zou G, Huang Y, Zhang S, Ko KP, Kim B, Zhang J, Venkatesan V, Pizzi MP, Fan Y, Jun S, Niu N, Wang H, Song S, Ajani JA, Park JI. E-cadherin loss drives diffuse-type gastric tumorigenesis via EZH2-mediated reprogramming. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230561. [PMID: 38411616 PMCID: PMC10899090 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (DGAC) is a deadly cancer often diagnosed late and resistant to treatment. While hereditary DGAC is linked to CDH1 mutations, the role of CDH1/E-cadherin inactivation in sporadic DGAC tumorigenesis remains elusive. We discovered CDH1 inactivation in a subset of DGAC patient tumors. Analyzing single-cell transcriptomes in malignant ascites, we identified two DGAC subtypes: DGAC1 (CDH1 loss) and DGAC2 (lacking immune response). DGAC1 displayed distinct molecular signatures, activated DGAC-related pathways, and an abundance of exhausted T cells in ascites. Genetically engineered murine gastric organoids showed that Cdh1 knock-out (KO), KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (EKP) accelerates tumorigenesis with immune evasion compared with KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (KP). We also identified EZH2 as a key mediator promoting CDH1 loss-associated DGAC tumorigenesis. These findings highlight DGAC's molecular diversity and potential for personalized treatment in CDH1-inactivated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyi Zou
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Pil Ko
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vishwa Venkatesan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa P. Pizzi
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sohee Jun
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Huang C, Deng M, Leng D, Sun B, Zheng P, Zhang XD. MIRS: An AI scoring system for predicting the prognosis and therapy of breast cancer. iScience 2023; 26:108322. [PMID: 38026206 PMCID: PMC10665820 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and metastasis are crucial characteristics for tumorigenesis. However, the potential role of their combination in breast cancer (BRCA) remains elusive. Herein, on the basis of quantifying TIICs and tumor metastasis together, we established a precise prognostic scoring system named metastatic and immunogenomic risk score (MIRS) using a neural network model. MIRS showed better performance when compared with other published signatures. MIRS stratifies patients into a high risk subtype (MIRShigh) and a low risk subtype (MIRSlow). The MIRShigh patients exhibit significantly lower survival rate compared with MIRSlow patients (P < 0.0001 ), higher response to chemotherapy, but lower response to immunotherapy. Conversely, higher infiltration level of TIICs and significantly prolonged survival (P = 0.029 ) are observed in MIRSlow patients, indicating sensitive response in immunotherapy. This work presents a promising indicator to guide treatment options of the BRCA population and provides a predicted webtool that is almost universally applicable to BRCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
- State Key laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Min Deng
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Dongliang Leng
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaohua Douglas Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Galadima M, Kotova I, Schmidt R, Pastor J, Schröder C, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Del Alamo MMR. Canine Mammary Neoplasia Induces Variations in the Peripheral Blood Levels of CD20, CD45RA, and CD99. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119222. [PMID: 37298173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea of using tumour biomarkers as diagnostic tools is progressively increasing. Of these, serum biomarkers are of particular interest, as they can provide rapid results. In the present study, serum samples from 26 bitches diagnosed with mammary tumours, plus 4 healthy bitches, were obtained. The samples were analysed using CD antibody microarrays targeting 90 CD surface markers and 56 cytokines/chemokines. A total of five CD proteins, namely CD20, CD45RA, CD53, CD59, and CD99, were selected and further analysed, utilizing immunoblotting techniques to validate the microarray results. CD45RA showed a significantly lower abundance in the serum samples from the bitches carrying mammary neoplasia in comparison to the healthy animals. Regarding CD99, the serum samples from the neoplastic bitches showed it in a significantly higher abundance than those from the healthy patients. Finally, CD20 showed a significantly higher abundance in bitches carrying a malignant mammary tumour in comparison to healthy patients, but no differential expression between malignant and benign tumours was observed. According to these results, both CD99 and CD45RA are indicators of mammary tumour presence, but without distinguishing between malignant and benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makchit Galadima
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Iuliia Kotova
- Sciomics GmbH, Karl-Landsteines-Straβe 6, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - Ronny Schmidt
- Sciomics GmbH, Karl-Landsteines-Straβe 6, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Joan Enric Rodríguez-Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Montserrat Rivera Del Alamo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Peng J, Madduri S, Clontz AD, Stewart DA. Clinical trial-identified inflammatory biomarkers in breast and pancreatic cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106520. [PMID: 37181043 PMCID: PMC10173309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer and pancreatic cancer are two common cancer types characterized by high prevalence and high mortality rates, respectively. However, breast cancer has been more well-studied than pancreatic cancer. This narrative review curated inflammation-associated biomarkers from clinical studies that were systematically selected for both breast and pancreatic cancers and discusses some of the common and unique elements between the two endocrine-regulated malignant diseases. Finding common ground between the two cancer types and specifically analyzing breast cancer study results, we hoped to explore potential feasible methods and biomarkers that may be useful also in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. A PubMed MEDLINE search was used to identify articles that were published between 2015-2022 of different kinds of clinical trials that measured immune-modulatory biomarkers and biomarker changes of inflammation defined in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer patients. A total of 105 papers (pancreatic cancer 23, breast cancer 82) were input into Covidence for the title and abstract screening. The final number of articles included in this review was 73 (pancreatic cancer 19, breast cancer 54). The results showed some of the frequently cited inflammatory biomarkers for breast and pancreatic cancers included IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CD8+ T cells and VEGF. Regarding unique markers, CA15-3 and TNF-alpha were two of several breast cancer-specific, and CA19 and IL-18 were pancreatic cancer-specific. Moreover, we discussed leptin and MMPs as emerging biomarker targets with potential use for managing pancreatic cancer based on breast cancer studies in the future, based on inflammatory mechanisms. Overall, the similarity in how both types of cancers respond to or result in further disruptive inflammatory signaling, and that point to a list of markers that have been shown useful in diagnosis and/or treatment method response or efficacy in managing breast cancer could potentially provide insights into developing the same or more useful diagnostic and treatment measurement inflammatory biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. More research is needed to investigate the relationship and associated inflammatory markers between the similar immune-associated biological mechanisms that contribute to breast and pancreatic cancer etiology, drive disease progression or that impact treatment response and reflect survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Supradeep Madduri
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Angela D. Clontz
- Department of Nutrition, Meredith College, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Delisha A. Stewart,
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5
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Lim HJ, Han JM, Byun EH. Evaluation of the Immunological Activity of Gryllus bimaculatus Water Extract. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:99-107. [PMID: 35465112 PMCID: PMC9007703 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are commonly consumed across the world because of their size, availability, and nutritional benefits. They have also been recommended as a potential solution to food shortage because of their high nutritional value. In this study, we demonstrated the immunological effects of Gryllus bimaculatus on RAW 264.7 cells and splenocytes obtained from mouse. This is the first study to evaluate the immunological effects of G. bimaculatus water extract. Innate and adaptive immunity were evaluated and measured in RAW 264.7 cells and/or mouse splenocytes using a cell viability assay; changes in cytokine abundance, nitric oxide production, and cell surface molecule abundance were determined using flow cytometry; and western blotting analysis was performed for various immune signaling pathways. G. bimaculatus water extract showed no cytotoxicity in cells, and the results suggest that treatment with G. bimaculatus water extract can induce macrophage activation through mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling, induction of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α] and activation of the expression of cell surface molecules [cluster of differentiation (CD)80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, and MHC class II]. Treatment with G. bimaculatus water extract increased the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-γ) in splenocytes. The results indicate that G. bimaculatus water extract can regulate innate and adaptive immunity via modulation macrophages and splenocytes activation and can serve as an immunological agent. We inferred that G. bimaculatus is a safe and efficient natural material that enhances immunological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Chungnam 32439, Korea
| | - Jeong Moo Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Chungnam 32439, Korea
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6
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Weisel NM, Joachim SM, Smita S, Callahan D, Elsner RA, Conter LJ, Chikina M, Farber DL, Weisel FJ, Shlomchik MJ. Surface phenotypes of naive and memory B cells in mouse and human tissues. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:135-145. [PMID: 34937918 PMCID: PMC8712407 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) protect the body from recurring infections. MBCs differ from their naive counterparts (NBCs) in many ways, but functional and surface marker differences are poorly characterized. In addition, although mice are the prevalent model for human immunology, information is limited concerning the nature of homology in B cell compartments. To address this, we undertook an unbiased, large-scale screening of both human and mouse MBCs for their differential expression of surface markers. By correlating the expression of such markers with extensive panels of known markers in high-dimensional flow cytometry, we comprehensively identified numerous surface proteins that are differentially expressed between MBCs and NBCs. The combination of these markers allows for the identification of MBCs in humans and mice and provides insight into their functional differences. These results will greatly enhance understanding of humoral immunity and can be used to improve immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M. Weisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,these authors contributed equally
| | - Stephen M. Joachim
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,these authors contributed equally
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Derrick Callahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Elsner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Laura J. Conter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Donna L. Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Florian J. Weisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,these authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,these authors jointly supervised this work,Correspondence to:
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7
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Gallins P, Saghapour E, Zhou YH. Exploring the Limits of Combined Image/'omics Analysis for Non-cancer Histological Phenotypes. Front Genet 2020; 11:555886. [PMID: 33193632 PMCID: PMC7644963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.555886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The last several years have witnessed an explosion of methods and applications for combining image data with 'omics data, and for prediction of clinical phenotypes. Much of this research has focused on cancer histology, for which genetic perturbations are large, and the signal to noise ratio is high. Related research on chronic, complex diseases is limited by tissue sample availability, lower genomic signal strength, and the less extreme and tissue-specific nature of intermediate histological phenotypes. Data from the GTEx Consortium provides a unique opportunity to investigate the connections among phenotypic histological variation, imaging data, and 'omics profiling, from multiple tissue-specific phenotypes at the sub-clinical level. Investigating histological designations in multiple tissues, we survey the evidence for genomic association and prediction of histology, and use the results to test the limits of prediction accuracy using machine learning methods applied to the imaging data, genomics data, and their combination. We find that expression data has similar or superior accuracy for pathology prediction as our use of imaging data, despite the fact that pathological determination is made from the images themselves. A variety of machine learning methods have similar performance, while network embedding methods offer at best limited improvements. These observations hold across a range of tissues and predictor types. The results are supportive of the use of genomic measurements for prediction, and in using the same target tissue in which pathological phenotyping has been performed. Although this last finding is sensible, to our knowledge our study is the first to demonstrate this fact empirically. Even while prediction accuracy remains a challenge, the results show clear evidence of pathway and tissue-specific biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gallins
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ehsan Saghapour
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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8
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Nicolás-Sáenz L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Pascau J, Muñoz-Barrutia A. Nonlinear Image Registration and Pixel Classification Pipeline for the Study of Tumor Heterogeneity Maps. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 22:E946. [PMID: 33286715 PMCID: PMC7597219 DOI: 10.3390/e22090946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel method to assess the variations in protein expression and spatial heterogeneity of tumor biopsies with application in computational pathology. This was done using different antigen stains for each tissue section and proceeding with a complex image registration followed by a final step of color segmentation to detect the exact location of the proteins of interest. For proper assessment, the registration needs to be highly accurate for the careful study of the antigen patterns. However, accurate registration of histopathological images comes with three main problems: the high amount of artifacts due to the complex biopsy preparation, the size of the images, and the complexity of the local morphology. Our method manages to achieve an accurate registration of the tissue cuts and segmentation of the positive antigen areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nicolás-Sáenz
- Departamento de Bioingenieria e Ingenieria Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (L.N.-S.); (S.G.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Departamento de Bioingenieria e Ingenieria Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (L.N.-S.); (S.G.-A.); (J.P.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U714, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz e Instituto de Investigación FJD, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pascau
- Departamento de Bioingenieria e Ingenieria Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (L.N.-S.); (S.G.-A.); (J.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Departamento de Bioingenieria e Ingenieria Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (L.N.-S.); (S.G.-A.); (J.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Chamera K, Trojan E, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:408-430. [PMID: 31729301 PMCID: PMC7457436 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191113101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron - microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron - microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
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10
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Hwang HB, Kim SY, Ohn K, Kim SY. Histopathologic Analysis of Conjunctival Lymphoproliferative Disease After Topical Brimonidine Use. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 35:503-511. [PMID: 31373838 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe of histopathological findings of conjunctival lymphoproliferative disease (CLD) after topical brimonidine use. Methods: This is a retrospective medical record review study, including histopathologic description. We reviewed the medical records of 208 patients (415 eyes) who were diagnosed with glaucoma and who were treated with topical brimonidine only for a minimum of 6 months. Of these, the medical records of 19 patients with suspected CLD clinical features were reviewed in detail. When CLD was suspected due to administration of brimonidine, histopathological analysis was performed by biopsy of these lesions. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze lymphocyte markers in some pathological tissues. Results: Nineteen patients had suspected CLD without definite irritative symptoms. Diffuse elevated (11 patients) or follicular lesion (8 patients) of salmon pink appearance was observed in inferior palpebral conjunctiva. Among these patients, 5 patients who agreed to conjunctival biopsy had histopathological findings of CLD such as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) (2 cases) or atypical LH (2 cases). The mean duration of brimonidine use was 29.00 ± 20.25 months (6-76 months). And follow-up period after discontinuation of brimonidine was 27.93 ± 11.87 months (12-58 months). At the last visit, complete resolution of the lesion was seen in 13 patients, and partial improvement was observed in 6 patients. Conclusions: We found 4 cases of CLD following long-term administration of brimonidine. However, large-scale additional studies should be performed to establish causality, to determine whether these novel side effects were caused by long-term brimonidine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Bin Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Ohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeoungbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeoungbu, Republic of Korea
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11
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SHARMA UPASNA, BANERJEE PRIYANKA, JOSHI JYOTI, KAPOOR PRERNA, VIJH RAMESHKUMAR. Identification of QTLs for low somatic cell count in Murrah buffaloes. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i7.92040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis, the most frequent and costly disease in buffalo, is the major cause of morbidity. The somatic cell count, an indirect indicator of susceptibility/resistance to mastitis, is a low heritable trait and thus a perfect candidate for marker assisted selection. Half sib families (12) were created and the somatic cell count was recorded at 3 stages of lactation during the first lactation of the 2,422 daughters belonging to 12 sires. Partial genome scan was carried out using interval mapping with different algorithms. The QTLs obtained for each half sib family were further subjected to meta analysis to identify chromosomal regions associated with somatic cell count on 8 chromosomes of buffalo. Four metaQTL regions were identified on chromosomes BBU1q, BBU8, and BBU10; 3 metaQTL regions on BBU2q, BBU9 and BBU15; 2 metaQTL regions on BBU6 and 1 on BBU7 of buffalo. Comparative genomics was used for finding out genes underlying the metaQTL regions; 1,065 genes were underlying the metaQTL regions in buffaloes assuming buffalo–cattle–human synteny. Genes (78) mapped to immune response. These genes are supposedly important candidate genes for further analysis. Gene ontology and network analysis was carried out on these genes. The genes identified belonged to immune response and defense mechanism. The QTL markers identified in the present analysis can be used in the breeding programs of buffalo to select the bulls, which are less susceptible to mastitis.
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Chong C, Low C. Synthetic antibody: Prospects in aquaculture biosecurity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:361-367. [PMID: 30502461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The emerging technology of aptamers that is also known as synthetic antibodies is rivalling antibodies research in the recent years. The unique yet important features of aptamers are advancing antibodies in diverse applications, which include disease diagnosis, prophylactic and therapeutic. The versatility of aptamer has further extended its application to function as gene expression modulator, known as synthetic riboswitches. This report reviewed and discussed the applications of aptamers technology in the biosecurity of aquaculture, the promising developments in biosensor detection for disease diagnosis as well as prophylactic and therapeutic measurements. The application of aptamers technology in immunophenotyping study of aquatic animal is highlighted. Lastly, the future perspective of aptamers in the management of aquatic animal health is discussed, special emphasis on the potential application of aptamers as synthetic riboswitches to enhance host immunity, as well as the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChouMin Chong
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - ChenFei Low
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chhabra M, Sharma S. Potential role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma analogues in regulation of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes mellitus: An overview. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1123-1129. [PMID: 31336454 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells are recognized as the potential targets for the revascularization and angiogenesis because of their ability to get themselves transformed into mature endothelial cells. Underlying pathophysiology in diabetes mellitus leads to decrease in circulatory endothelial progenitor cells, resulting in diabetic macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) gamma analogues serves as an effective therapy for controlling blood sugar levels and preventing its complications. Reports of clinical trials and meta-analysis of clinical trial suggests the beneficial aspects of PPAR gamma therapy in increasing the number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. This review highlights the pleotropic effect of PPAR gamma analogs, apart from their antidiabetic action via reduction of oxidative stress, increasing expression of eNOS, reducing level of miR 22, miR 222 levels and positive modulation of rapamycin/Protein kinase B/phosphoinoside3-kinase pathways, preventing the early apoptosis, enhanced mobility proliferation and transformation into mature endothelial cells. PPAR gamma therapy in diabetes regulates endothelial progenitor cells, reduces complications of diabetes like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, deep vein thrombosis, and maintains the healthy vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chhabra
- PharmD Intern, Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical and Allied Medical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Cho HR, Jeon H, Park CK, Park SH, Choi SH. Radiogenomics Profiling for Glioblastoma-related Immune Cells Reveals CD49d Expression Correlation with MRI parameters and Prognosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16022. [PMID: 30375429 PMCID: PMC6207678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been a plethora of radiogenomics studies related to glioblastoma (GBM), most of them only used genomic information from tumor cells. In this study, we used radiogenomics profiling to identify MRI-associated immune cell markers in GBM, which was also correlated with prognosis. Expression levels of immune cell markers were correlated with quantitative MRI parameters in a total of 60 GBM patients. Fourteen immune cell markers (i.e., CD11b, CD68, CSF1R, CD163, CD33, CD123, CD83, CD63, CD49d and CD117 for myeloid cells, and CD4, CD3e, CD25 and CD8 for lymphoid cells) were selected for RNA-level analysis using quantitative RT-PCR. For MRI analysis, quantitative MRI parameters from FLAIR, contrast-enhanced (CE) T1WI, dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI and diffusion-weighted images were used. In addition, PFS associated with interesting mRNA data was performed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. CD163, which marks tumor associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs), showed the highest expression level in GBM patients. CD68 (TAMs), CSF1R (TAMs), CD33 (myeloid-derived suppressor cell) and CD4 (helper T cell, regulatory T cell) levels were highly positively correlated with nCBV values, while CD3e (helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell) and CD49d showed a significantly negative correlation with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Moreover, regardless of any other molecular characteristics, CD49d was revealed as one independent factor for PFS of GBM patients by Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis (P = 0.0002). CD49d expression level CD49d correlated with ADC can be considered as a candidate biomarker to predict progression of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Cho
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Karampoor S, Zahednasab H, Etemadifar M, Keyvani H. The levels of soluble forms of CD21 and CD83 in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 320:11-14. [PMID: 29759135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which immune system plays a crucial role in progression of the disease. An enormous amount of research has been shown that immune mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are the culprits of MS propagation suggesting that modulation of such molecules may pave the path to hinder the disease development. It has been shown that both CD21 and CD83 contribute to the resolution of inflammation occurred in MS. CD21 and CD83 have also been ascribed to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection (the prime suspect of MS causality) and the levels of vitamin D, respectively. Hence, in this study, we measured the serum concentrations of soluble forms of CD21 and CD83 in 255 patients with MS divided into two groups who were receiving interferon-beta (185 MS patients) and fingolimod (70 MS patients) in comparison to 384 healthy individuals. The levels of EBV titers including anti-VCA IgM, anti-VCA IgG and anti-EBNA-1 IgG were also measured. The results showed that the concentration of soluble CD21 (sCD21) was markedly decreased in serum samples of MS patients with respect of controls. Contrarily, the level of soluble CD83 (sCD83) was elevated in MS patients compared to healthy individuals. In addition, the levels of sCD21 and sCD83 were correlated with the titers of EBV. The data showed the significant association between the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and the levels of both sCD21 and sCD83. It seems that both sCD21 and sCD83 might be good candidate for disease monitoring and can be considered potential biomarkers for the disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Zahednasab
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sandhu K, Mamas M, Butler R. Endothelial progenitor cells: Exploring the pleiotropic effects of statins. World J Cardiol 2017; 9:1-13. [PMID: 28163831 PMCID: PMC5253189 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have become a cornerstone of risk modification for ischaemic heart disease patients. A number of studies have shown that they are effective and safe. However studies have observed an early benefit in terms of a reduction in recurrent infarct and or death after a myocardial infarction, prior to any significant change in lipid profile. Therefore, pleiotropic mechanisms, other than lowering lipid profile alone, must account for this effect. One such proposed pleiotropic mechanism is the ability of statins to augment both number and function of endothelial progenitor cells. The ability to augment repair and maintenance of a functioning endothelium may have profound beneficial effect on vascular repair and potentially a positive impact on clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. The following literature review will discuss issues surrounding endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) identification, role in vascular repair, factors affecting EPC numbers, the role of statins in current medical practice and their effects on EPC number.
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Tatar AS, Nagy-Simon T, Tomuleasa C, Boca S, Astilean S. Nanomedicine approaches in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Control Release 2016; 238:123-138. [PMID: 27460684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the malignancy with the highest incidence amongst children (26% of all cancer cases), being surpassed only by the cancers of the brain and of the nervous system. The most recent research on ALL is focusing on new molecular therapies, like targeting specific biological structures in key points in the cell cycle, or using selective inhibitors for transmembranary proteins involved in cell signalling, and even aiming cell surface receptors with specifically designed antibodies for active targeting. Nanomedicine approaches, especially by the use of nanoparticle-based compounds for the delivery of drugs, cancer diagnosis or therapeutics may represent new and modern ways in the near future anti-cancer therapies. This review offers an overview on the recent role of nanomedicine in the detection and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia as resulting from a thorough literature survey. A short introduction on the basics of ALL is presented followed by the description of the conventional methods used in the ALL detection and treatment. We follow our discussion by introducing some of the general nano-strategies used for cancer detection and treatment. The detailed role of organic and inorganic nanoparticles in ALL applications is further presented, with a special focus on gold nanoparticle-based nanocarriers of antileukemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra-Sorina Tatar
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Timea Nagy-Simon
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Bul. 21 Decembrie 1918 Nr 73, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sanda Boca
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Simion Astilean
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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18
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Nair JJ, Bastida J, van Staden J. In Vivo Cytotoxicity Studies of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant family Amaryllidaceae is recognizable for its esthetic floral characteristics, its widespread usage in traditional medicine as well as its unique alkaloid principles. Few alkaloid-producing families rival the Amaryllidaceae in terms of the diversity of its structures as well as their wide applicability on the biological landscape. In particular, cytotoxic effects have come to be a dominant theme in the biological properties of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. To this extent, a significant number of structures have been subjected to in vitro studies in numerous cell lines from which several targets have been identified as promising chemotherapeutics. By contrast, in vivo models of study involving these alkaloids have been carried out to a lesser extent and should prove crucial in the continued development of a clinical target such as pancratistatin. This survey examines the cytotoxic effects of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in vivo and contrasts these against the corresponding in vitro effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald J. Nair
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of T, B, and NK Cells Antigens in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:856340. [PMID: 26788525 PMCID: PMC4695677 DOI: 10.1155/2015/856340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological correlation and prognostic value of cell surface antigens expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF). 121 consecutive MF patients were included in this study. All patients had peripheral blood flow cytometry as part of their first visit. TNMB and histopathological staging of the cases were retrospectively performed in accordance with International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (ISCL/EORTC) criteria at the time of flow cytometry sampling. To determine prognostic value of cell surface antigens, cases were divided into two groups as stable and progressive disease. 17 flow cytometric analyses of 17 parapsoriasis (PP) and 11 analyses of 11 benign erythrodermic patients were included as control groups. Fluorescent labeled monoclonal antibodies were used to detect cell surface antigens: T cells (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), TCRαβ(+), TCRγδ(+), CD7(+), CD4(+)CD7(+), CD4(+)CD7(-), and CD71(+)), B cells (HLA-DR(+), CD19(+), and HLA-DR(+)CD19(+)), NKT cells (CD3(+)CD16(+)CD56(+)), and NK cells (CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+)). The mean value of all cell surface antigens was not statistically significant between parapsoriasis and MF groups. Along with an increase in cases of MF stage statistically significant difference was found between the mean values of cell surface antigens. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cell surface antigens in patients with mycosis fungoides may contribute to predicting disease stage and progression.
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20
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Filipova J, Rihova L, Vsianska P, Kufova Z, Kryukova E, Kryukov F, Hajek R. Flow cytometry in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: Short review. Leuk Res 2015; 39:S0145-2126(15)30345-3. [PMID: 26422558 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) has found its application in clinical diagnosis and evaluation of monoclonal gammopathies (MG). Although, research has been mainly focused on multiple myeloma (MM), nowadays FCM becomes to be potential tool in the field of AL amyloidosis. Clonal plasma cells identification and specific phenotype profile detection is important for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of AL amyloidosis. Therefore, FCM could be a perspective method for study not only MM but also AL amyloidosis. This review provides an overview and possibilities of FCM application in AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Filipova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Rihova
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vsianska
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kufova
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine OU, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Kryukova
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine OU, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Fedor Kryukov
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine OU, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine OU, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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22
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Lorand-Metze I, Vassallo J, Aoki RY, De Souza CA. Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: Importance of Bone Marrow Biopsy in Diagnosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 4:75-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10428199109107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wong KF, Chan JK, Ng CS, Chu YC. Erythroleukaemia-associated haemophagocytic syndrome. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY HAEMATOLOGY 2008; 13:383-6. [PMID: 1773593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1991.tb00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Institute of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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24
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Wong KF, Chan JK, Lo ES, Wong CS. A study of the possible etiologic association of Epstein-Barr virus with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome in Hong Kong Chinese. Hum Pathol 1996; 27:1239-42. [PMID: 8912837 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(96)90321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The herpes group of viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has frequently been implicated in the causation of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (RHS) in the Western populations. EBV has also been implicated in the rare fulminant form of RHS occurring in Oriental children. However, our previous adult-predominant study indicated little clinical and serological evidence of EBV infection in patients with RHS in Hong Kong. In the present study, we further examined this issue using a more sensitive and specific technique for the demonstration of EBV, ie, in situ hybridization for EBV encoded RNA (EBER). The 43 Chinese patients studied were mostly adults with a mean age of 44 years, and a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. About two-thirds (28) of patients had associated malignant lymphoma at the time of diagnosis. Five patients had documented infection (typhoid fever 2; systemic candidiasis 1; adenovirus pneumonia 1; viral encephalitis 1), and two had systemic lupus erythematosus. EBER signals were detected in only 11 cases (25.6%). All positive cases were associated with malignant lymphoma, and the positive signals were exclusively localized to the lymphoma cells but not in the histiocytes. On comparing the results (11 of 28 cases positive; 39.3%) with our previous data on EBER-expression in malignant lymphomas in Hong Kong, no significant difference is observed in the frequency of EBV-positivity between the two groups of lymphomas. Thus, a definite pathogenetic link between EBV and lymphoma-associated RHS cannot be established. However, the overrepresentation of T and T/NK lineage lymphoma in this sample of lymphoma-associated with RHS (61%) versus nonselected cases of lymphomas (31%) suggests that it is the T and T/NK cell origin of the lymphoma rather than the EBV positivity that predisposes to RHS. Notwithstanding the previous findings, EBER in situ hybridization may still serve as a useful adjunct in the investigation of patients with RHS, because the presence of EBER-positive cells should raise a strong suspicion of an underlying malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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25
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Ghersetich I, Campanile G, Lotti T. Alopecia areata: immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of infiltrate and identification of adhesion molecule receptors. Int J Dermatol 1996; 35:28-33. [PMID: 8838925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb01611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is a noncicatricial alopecia with still unknown pathogenesis, but increasing evidence suggests that an immunologic process might be responsible for the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen patients with AA were studied with ten of them in the progressive phase of the disease and nine in the stabilized phase. Biopsies of both affected and unaffected skin were taken. For immunohistochemistry, monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10a, CD36, and HLA-DR antigens, were used, as well as antibodies directed against adhesion molecules ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and LFA-1. For electron microscopy (EM), specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde-sodium cacodylate buffer, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, and stained with uranyl acetate. For statistical analysis, sections from involved and uninvolved skin of each patient for each antibody, the sign test, Fisher's F-test, and the Tukey-Kramer test were used. RESULTS There was a rich infiltrate of CD4+ cells and CD1a+ cells, particularly in the perivascular zone of both unaffected and affected skin (here in the perivascular and in the peribulbar zone) in the progressive phase of AA. In the stabilized phase the infiltrate was scant, both in unaffected and affected skin and limited to the peribulbar area. Receptors of adhesion molecules (ICAM-2, ELAM-1, LFA-1) were strongly expressed, mainly at the microvascular level in both unaffected and affected skin in the progressive phase, but were only weakly or not at all expressed in the stabilized phase, again in unaffected and affected skin. Ultrastructural data confirmed the immunohistochemical findings and showed close contacts between infiltrating lymphocytes and Langerhans'-lineage cells mainly in the progressive phase. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that: 1) an immunologic process, apparently carried out by CD4+ lymphocytes and by dendritic CD1a+ and CD36+ cells, may play a key role at least in the early phase of the disease involving primarily microvessels and later on the bulbar area; 2) the expression of adhesion molecule receptors is involved at the beginning of the disease by mediating the adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells and subsequent trafficking into the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ghersetich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Italy
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26
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Hui PK, Tokunaga M, Chan WY, Ng CS, Chow J, Lee JC. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese. Hum Pathol 1994; 25:947-52. [PMID: 8088772 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(94)90017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report 11 cases of gastric lymphoma that harbor the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded small messenger RNA, EBER-1, detected by in situ hybridization. The cases represented 18% of 61 consecutive gastric lymphomas from three institutions in Hong Kong between 1988 and 1993. The mean age of patients was 62 years (range, 33 to 87). The male to female ratio was 5:6. Nine of the 11 (81.8%) EBER-1+ gastric lymphomas were diffuse large cell lymphomas of B-cell type without low grade components. Macroscopically these lymphomas appeared either as large noncleaved cell (centroblastic) or immunoblastic type. From the available follow-up data, five of the nine patients with B-cell lymphoma were alive and well 48, 40, 14, 13, and 12 months, respectively, after gastrectomy and chemotherapy. One patient died of postoperative pneumonia and one died of a second malignancy (esophageal squamous carcinoma) 40 months after gastrectomy. None of the EBER-1+ B-cell gastric lymphomas showed histological features characteristic of low grade lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type reported to be common in some Western countries. Of the two patients with T-cell lymphoma, one had a pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma and the other had an angiocentric lymphoma. The former was lost to follow-up after the biopsy and the latter presented with gastric perforation and died 1.5 months after gastrectomy. It is concluded that a significant proportion of gastric lymphomas in Hong Kong Chinese are EBV-related and that they show histological features more akin to conventional node-based lymphomas than to MALT-type lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Hui
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
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27
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Tostes Júnior S, Lopes ER, Pereira FE, Chapadeiro E. [Human chronic chagasic myocarditis: quantitative study of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in inflammatory exudates]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1994; 27:127-34. [PMID: 7972941 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821994000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial exsudate CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were counted in transmural left ventricular free wall frozen sections taken from 10 necropsied chronic cardiac chagasic patients. The cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies using a streptavidin-biotin technique. We counted: 1) lymphocytes in the total exsudate (LTE) and, separately, 2) the lymphocytes touching or very near to myocells (LTVNM). Lymphocytes were considered very near whenever their own nuclear shortest nuclear diameter was larger than their distance from myocells. CD8+ lymphocytes were more numerous than CD4+ lymphocytes, especially among the LTVNM. The LTE CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.37 +/- 0.20, but the LTVNM CD4/CD8 ratio was smaller (0.23 +/- 0.11). Among the LTE, 34 +/- 11% of CD8+ (against 24 +/- 12% of CD4+) were LTVNM. All these differences were statistically significant. Both subtypes of T-lymphocytes were found to have an intimate relationship with both ruptured and unruptured myocells, and parasites were not seen. These findings are in accordance with the idea that the myocardial cell lesions in the cardiac form of human Chagas' disease are mediated mainly by T-cytotoxic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tostes Júnior
- Patologia Humana da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG
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Abstract
CD56, a natural killer cell marker reactive with the neuronal-cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), identifies a group of lymphomas with distinctive clinicopathologic features. The disease affects mostly middle-aged adults who often present with fever, skin rash and hepatosplenomegaly in the absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy. Extranodal involvement is common, particularly the skin, aerodigestive tract and central nervous system. Histologically, an angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of infiltrate is often seen, but the cytological spectrum of the lymphoma cells is very broad. Cytoplasmic granules, however, are frequently found when Giemsa-stained cytologic preparations are examined. Immunologically, CD56-positive lymphomas can be sub-classified into CD3-positive (T-cell) and CD3-negative (probably true natural killer cell) subtypes. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement can be demonstrated in the former cases, but not in the latter. Clinically, CD56-positive lymphomas are aggressive neoplasms.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- CD56 Antigen
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/classification
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/classification
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/chemistry
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- S100 Proteins/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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29
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Jensen OA, Johansen S, Kiss K. Intraocular T-cell lymphoma mimicking a ring melanoma. First manifestation of systemic disease. Report of a case and survey of the literature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1994; 232:148-52. [PMID: 8188064 DOI: 10.1007/bf00176784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A case is presented of an intraocular T-cell lymphoma mimicking a ring melanoma of the iris and being the first manifestation of systemic disease. A 51-year-old woman was referred with an anterior uveitis, initially presenting as a granulomatous iritis. Nodules had developed in the circumference and the lesion now imitated a malignant melanoma of the iris, which was also the diagnosis from a biopsy specimen with routine staining. Clinical, haematological and serological examination revealed no other symptoms or signs. Lymphocytic markers applied to the biopsy specimen and to the enucleated eye revealed a highly malignant T-cell lymphoma infiltrating the iris, ciliary body, anterior choroid, retina and the adjacent vitreous body. Further examination later showed T-cell lymphoma in the bone marrow, the only other organ involved. The patient died in a leukaemic phase about 1 year after the first admission. Previous cases of T-cell lymphoma with ocular involvement are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Jensen
- Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Wong KF, Chan JK, Chan JC, Lam SY. Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as granulocytic sarcoma of the lung. Am J Hematol 1993; 43:77-8. [PMID: 8317473 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830430124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Wolf BC, Sheahan K, DeCoste D, Variakojis D, Alpern HD, Haselow RE. Immunohistochemical analysis of small cell tumors of the thyroid gland: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. Hum Pathol 1992; 23:1252-61. [PMID: 1330875 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90293-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority of small cell anaplastic tumors of the thyroid gland are generally believed to be non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including most of those formerly classified as small cell carcinomas. Using a panel of antibodies capable of detecting epithelial, neuroendocrine, and B and T cells in paraffin-embedded tissue sections, we studied 68 thyroid neoplasms in which the original diagnosis was small cell carcinoma or lymphoma. Sixty-three of the tumors were identified as lymphomas of B-cell origin on the basis of L26 reactivity used in conjunction with light chain restriction and MB2 immunostaining. Two additional tumors were classified as lymphomas of indeterminate phenotype. Immunophenotyping indicated an epithelial origin in the remaining three tumors. No cases of medullary carcinoma were detected by immunostaining. Histologic review revealed a predominance of large cell and immunoblastic lymphomas, with low-grade lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue histology accounting for only five cases. Our findings indicate that the majority of small cell anaplastic tumors of the thyroid are B-cell lymphomas. Although primary small cell carcinoma of the thyroid may rarely occur, this diagnosis should not be made without immunohistologic confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York 12208
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32
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Wong KF, Chan JK, Ng CS, Chu YC, Li LP, Chan CH. Large cell lymphoma with initial presentation in the bone marrow. Hematol Oncol 1992; 10:261-71. [PMID: 1493910 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2900100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This report describes 14 cases of large cell lymphoma with initial presentation as marrow involvement in the absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy. The disease affected mainly the middle-aged and elderly, with male predominance. Most patients presented with swinging fever and peripheral blood cytopenia. Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome was a common finding, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was absent (by case selection), but involvement of the liver, spleen and paraaortic lymph nodes could be demonstrated in some cases. However, in some patients, the involvement was apparently restricted to the bone marrow. Involvement of the bone marrow was often subtle, and could be missed on causal examination. Immunohistochemical studies on eight cases showed that four exhibited a B-cell phenotype, three a T-cell phenotype and one a non-T non-B phenotype. The prognosis was poor, with survival being measured in days to weeks in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Institute of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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33
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Wong KF, Chan JK, Ng CS, Lee KC, Tsang WY, Cheung MM. CD56 (NKH1)-positive hematolymphoid malignancies: an aggressive neoplasm featuring frequent cutaneous/mucosal involvement, cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, and angiocentricity. Hum Pathol 1992; 23:798-804. [PMID: 1377163 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90350-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD56 (NKH1) expression is a rare phenomenon in malignant lymphomas, mostly confined to those occurring in the nasal or nasopharyngeal region. In this study we provide a detailed clinicopathologic analysis of nine patients with CD56-positive hematolymphoid malignancies occurring in sites other than the upper aerodigestive tract. The disease occurred predominantly in young and middle-aged men (mean age, 40 years) who often presented with swinging fever, skin rash, and/or hepatosplenomegaly, usually in the absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy. There was frequent involvement of the skin and mucosal sites, such as the salivary gland, lungs, and small intestine. The disease pursued a highly aggressive course, with most patients dying within weeks despite cytotoxic therapy. Although the cytologic appearances and immunophenotypic profile varied from case to case, the group of tumors could be unified by two morphologic features, namely, the presence of azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells and the frequent occurrence of angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltrates. Since CD56 reactivity appears to confer a poor prognosis in hematolymphoid malignancies, we recommended inclusion of CD56 antibody in the routine panel for immunophenotypic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Institute of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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34
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Shin SS, Sheibani K, Kezirian J, Nademanee A, Forman SJ, Lee SK, Winberg CD. Immunoarchitecture of normal human bone marrow: a study of frozen and fixed tissue sections. Hum Pathol 1992; 23:686-94. [PMID: 1592393 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To provide baseline information on the immunoarchitecture of normal bone marrow, we studied cryostat-cut, frozen, and paraffin-embedded, fixed tissue sections prepared from 21 core biopsies of normal bone marrow obtained during bone marrow harvests for transplantation. A large panel of antibodies was applied that included, for frozen tissue, Leu-6 (CD1), T11 (CD2), Leu-3a (CD4), Leu-1 (CD5), Leu-2a (CD8), J5 (CD10), My7 (CD13), Leu-11 (CD16), B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21), Tac (CD25), My9 (CD33), T200 (CD45), NKH-1 (CD56), kappa and lambda chains, beta F1, Ki-67, HLA-DR, TQ1, and keratin, and for fixed tissue, leukocyte common antigen (CD45), L26 (CD20), LN1 (CDw75), LN2 (CD74), LN3, LN4, LN5, MB1 (CD45R), MB2, MT1 (CD43), MT2 (CD45R), UCHL1 (CD45R0), BM1, Ki-1 (CD30), Leu-M1 (CD15), lysozyme, KP1 (CD68), actin, S100, neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, and keratin. On fresh-frozen sections CD19 and CD2 were the most reliable and sensitive markers for B and T cells, staining 5% and 9% of marrow cells, respectively. Immunoglobulins generally showed heavy background staining, which frequently precluded an accurate assessment. The CD4 to CD8 ratio in the bone marrow was reversed from that of peripheral blood. On fixed tissues, leukocyte common antigen was found in 14% of the marrow cells, corresponding roughly to the lymphocyte population. L26, a pan-B-cell marker, stained 3% of the marrow cells. Among the other B-cell markers, LN1 and MB2 stained a large number of cells (40% to 70%), indicating reactivity with cells of the myeloid or erythroid series in addition to lymphocytes. Among the T-cell markers, UCHL1 and MT1 stained 66% and 50% of the cells, respectively, which could be explained by their cross-reactivity with myeloid cells. Nonspecific myelomonocytic markers (Leu-M1, KP1, and lysozyme) also showed reactivity in a high percentage of cells. No particular architectural distribution patterns of B or T lymphocytes were noted in either frozen or fixed bone marrow specimens. The results of this study provide normal baseline data for the immunohistologic application of hematopoietic and lymphoid markers on frozen or fixed bone marrow biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Shin
- James Irvine Center for the Study of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
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35
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Darwin BS, Herzberg AJ, Murray JC, Olsen EA. Generalized papular xanthomatosis in mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 26:828-32. [PMID: 1377209 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(92)70115-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomas can occur in association with underlying lymphoproliferative disease, or they can result from lipid deposition in damaged or altered skin. We report a case of generalized papular xanthomas that developed in a patient with Sézary syndrome. The xanthomas were composed of foamy histiocytes that were shown by immunoperoxidase staining to be of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Electron microscopic studies revealed lipid vacuoles, lysosomes, and myelin figures but no Birbeck granules, features that are consistent with a non-X histiocytosis. Generalized papular xanthomatosis has not been previously described in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Darwin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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36
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Abstract
In this article, the use of cellular and molecular markers to diagnose and stage tumors is discussed. Their role in the evaluation of tumor prognosis and tumor susceptibility also is covered. The immunologic, cytogenetic, and molecular phenotype is discussed. Traditional markers are compared with newer methodologic approaches including evaluation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and genes that predict tumor susceptibility. These discussions are presented in relation to specific tumors. Finally, statements one might use to decide which tests to perform are presented.
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37
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Pimpinelli N, Borgognoni L, Riccardi R, Ficarra G, Mori M, Gaglioti D, Romagnoli P. CD36(OKM5)+ dendritic cells in the oral mucosa of HIV- and HIV+ subjects. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 97:537-42. [PMID: 1714930 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12481573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated by light and electron microscopy the presence, distribution, and inner structure of CD36(OKM5)+ dendritic cells (DC) in the lamina propria and epithelium of the oral mucosa of HIV- and HIV+ subjects; in the latter, both clinically healthy areas and areas of hairy leukoplakia (HL) were studied. Perivascular CD36+ DC were present in the lamina propria of all the specimens studied. They were also found in small numbers in the epithelium of clinically healthy mucosa of HIV- and HIV+ subjects, but were practically absent from the epithelium of HL. CD36+ DC seemed to be regularly HLA-DR+ in HIV-subjects; this positivity was recognized only in some cells in the clinically healthy mucosa of HIV+ subjects, and practically never in HL. Because the only perivascular cells observed in the clinically healthy areas of HIV+ subjects were CD36+, we investigated the ultrastructure of perivascular DC in these same areas. These cells were characterized by the presence of a prominent Golgi apparatus, many lysosomes, and focal adhesions to the extracellular matrix. It may be concluded that 1) CD36+ DC are physiologic components of the oral mucosa, 2) they share some ultrastructural features with macrophages, 3) no differences in numbers were found between HIV+ and HIV- subjects, and 4) these cells are affected in their expression of HLA-DR antigens during HIV infection, particularly in areas of HL. This may be a hint that the antigen-presenting function of these cells in the oral mucosa is negatively affected during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pimpinelli
- Clinica Dermatologica II, University of Florence, Italy
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38
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Franco V, Florena AM, Aragona F, Campesi G. Immunohistochemical evaluation of bone marrow lymphoid nodules in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1991; 419:261-6. [PMID: 1949608 DOI: 10.1007/bf01606516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and seventy bone marrow biopsies from patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) were evaluated for the presence of lymphoid nodules (LNs) and were immunostained using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (UCHL1, 4KB5 and L26) recognizing different lymphocyte antigens. LNs were found in 35% of cases of idiopathic thrombocythaemia, 24.6% of myelofibrosis/osteomyelosclerosis, 18.2% of polycythaemia vera 12.1% of chronic myeloid leukaemia and 19.2% of borderline cases. Varying degrees of immunohistochemical positivity for the three antibodies tested were found. LNs were always made up of variable proportions of both T- and B-lymphocytes with a prevalence of T-cells. This latter observation suggests that bone marrow LNs in CMPDs could be an expression of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Franco
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Palermo, Italy
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39
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Mariani-Costantini R, Muraro R, Ficari F, Valli C, Bei R, Tonelli F, Caramia F, Frati L. Immunohistochemical evidence of immune responses to tumor-associated antigens in lymph nodes of colon carcinoma patients. Cancer 1991; 67:2880-6. [PMID: 1709062 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910601)67:11<2880::aid-cncr2820671129>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated by immunohistochemical study the drainage of three tumor-associated antigens in unaffected regional lymph nodes of colon cancer patients. The study was conducted using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed against different epitopes of the tumor-associated glycoprotein, TAG-72 (CC-49, CC-83, B72.3), of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (COL-4, COL-12), and of the colon-associated antigen, CAA (anti-CAA). The authors detected immunohistochemical reactions of MoAb CC-49 and anti-CAA with antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as peritumoral and sinus macrophages and lymphatic endothelial cells and with specific areas of germinal centers in lymph nodes draining 11 of 24 colorectal carcinomas studied. The corresponding primary tumors expressed the TAG-72 and CAA antigens. No immunostaining was detectable in lymph nodes using the anti-CEA MoAb, even when the primary tumors strongly expressed the specific epitopes. In germinal centers of regional lymph nodes, the immunostaining was often distributed at the periphery with a characteristic crescentic or circular pattern, which strongly suggested the exposure of the specific epitopes defined by MoAb CC-49 and anti-CAA on follicular dendritic cells. This would indicate that these epitopes are selectively recognized and presented to germinal center B-cells. This phenomenon may have clinical and diagnostic implications.
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40
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Abstract
A number of rare tumors occurring in the soft tissues of the neck and the thyroid gland, reported in the literature under a variety of designations, show complete to partial histologic resemblance to the fetal, mature, or involuted thymus and mediastinal thymomas. This family of tumors spans a range of histologic appearances and behaviors from completely benign lesions to metastasizing malignant tumors. After reviewing the previously reported and new cases, we have been able to delineate four reasonably well-defined clinicopathologic entities within this spectrum. On the benign end is "ectopic hamartomatous thymoma," which occurs in the soft tissues of the lower neck. It is characterized by spindle epithelial cells, solid or cystic epithelial islands, and adipose cells which intermingle haphazardly to impart a hamartomatous quality. In the middle of the spectrum are the ectopic cervical thymomas which are usually benign, but can sometimes be locally invasive and can exceptionally metastasize. They are histologically identical to mediastinal thymomas, and residual ectopic thymus is not uncommonly identifiable in the periphery of the tumor. On the malignant end are tumors we have designated as "spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation" (SETTLE) and "carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation" (CASTLE). Tumors of the SETTLE type occur in the thyroid gland of young patients, and are highly cellular tumors comprised of compact bundles of long spindle epithelial cells which merge with tubulopapillary structures and/or mucinous glands. Tumors of the CASTLE type are histologically similar to thymic carcinoma of the lymphoepithelioma or squamous cell variety. We postulate that this family of tumors arises either from ectopic thymus or remnants of branchial pouches which retain the potential to differentiate along the thymic line.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Dehner
- Department of Pathology, Barnes Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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42
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Vollmer E, Krieg V, Shimamoto F, Grundmann E. Reaction patterns of lymph nodes in the development and spread of cancer. CURRENT TOPICS IN PATHOLOGY. ERGEBNISSE DER PATHOLOGIE 1991; 84 ( Pt 2):1-34. [PMID: 2044407 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75522-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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43
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Kirsch LS, Brownstein S, Codère F. Immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma presenting as an eyelid tumor. Ophthalmology 1990; 97:1352-7. [PMID: 2243687 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old white man presented with an ulcerating mass of the left upper eyelid of 6 months' duration. A biopsy specimen of the tumor was diagnosed as an immunoblastic T-cell malignant lymphoma. The lesion completely regressed after 4000 cGy of cobalt-60 radiation therapy. In the ensuing 33 months, multiple, widespread skin nodules of the same neoplasm developed including a right upper eyelid tumor. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of an immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma initially manifesting as an eyelid neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kirsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
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44
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Abstract
We have investigated the features and distribution of accessory cells (ACs) and the relationship of these cells to each other and to lymphocytes in the epithelium and lamina propria of oral hairy leukoplakia (HL), with the objective of better defining the differentiation and mutual interactions of immune-response cells within HL as a preliminary step to understanding the onset and significance of this lesion during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Twenty-four HIV-infected patients with HL, two asymptomatic HIV-positive subjects, and three HIV-negative subjects were studied by immunohistochemistry; five HIV-positive patients with HL and three asymptomatic HIV-positive subjects were studied by electron microscopy. In both the epithelium and the lamina propria of HL, we found cells with the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of variably differentiated ACs; differences were found between the epithelium and lamina propria. In the lamina propria, ACs were characterized by dendritic shape, multiple contacts with lymphocytes, expression of CD1a antigen, and ultrastructural features of fully differentiated ACs. Conversely, in the epithelium ACs showed bluntly dendritic shape, low expression of CD1a, absent expression of HLA-DR, constant expression of CD11c and CD14 antigens, only occasional contacts with lymphocytes, and ultrastructural features of variably, but always incompletely, differentiated cells of monocyte-dendritic lineage. Seventy-nanometer wide intracisternal particles, closely resembling A particles described in retroviral infections, were found in the intraepithelial ACs in two patients with HL. The defective differentiation of ACs in the epithelium of HL--possibly influenced by the perturbation of the epithelial microenvironment induced by Epstein-Barr virus, and following the direct HIV infection of these cells--and the exceptional finding of close contacts with lymphocytes suggest that the lesional epithelium of HL may constitute a pathway for the entry of foreign antigens which circumvent monitoring by ACs and can induce immune tolerance. The impairment of the local immune response in HL may contribute to the development of full blown, systemic immunodeficiency.
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45
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Osborne BM. Contextual Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Radiol Clin North Am 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)01254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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46
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Strickler JG, Parkin JL, Schmidt CM, Hurd DD. Primary skin malignancy with features suggestive of dendritic reticulum cell differentiation. Ultrastruct Pathol 1990; 14:273-82. [PMID: 1972601 DOI: 10.3109/01913129009076131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old man developed recurring skin lesions. Multiple biopsies revealed a skin malignancy with histologic features of lymphoma. The bone marrow was subsequently replaced by tumor. Immunologic and ultrastructural features of the tumor cells suggested dendritic reticulum cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Strickler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55455
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47
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Furebring-Fredén M, Martinsson U, Sundström C. Myelosarcoma without acute leukaemia: immunohistochemical and clinico-pathologic characterization of eight cases. Histopathology 1990; 16:243-50. [PMID: 2332210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eight cases of myelosarcoma without acute leukaemia at time of diagnosis were reviewed and biopsies were immunostained using antibodies reacting with myeloid/monocytic markers. Initial tumour location included lymph nodes, paranasal sinuses, nasopharyngeal and/or orbital regions and other extranodal locations. Three cases developed acute myeloblastic leukaemia within 1-9 months. Diagnosis was correct in four of the cases, in the other cases a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was initially diagnosed. Morphological examination showed a blastic but variable appearance of the tumours. In a few cases cytoplasmic granulation was present. Chloroacetate esterase was present in all cases. In paraffin sections cathepsin G. elastase or lysozyme were present in all cases except one. In frozen material from four of the cases, the myeloid markers CD 11c and CD 33 were present (all cases) and CD 13 and Ki M8 in 3/4 cases.
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48
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Abstract
Twenty-one cases of large, B-cell lymphoma with an unusually high content of reactive T lymphocytes are described in this report. Fifteen patients presented with lymphoma in nodal sites and six patients presented with lymphoma in extranodal sites. With two exceptions, all patients were more than 50 years of age. The male to female ratio was 1:2. Histologically, isolated to small groups of large lymphoid cells were intermingled with many small lymphocytes. The large cells were neoplastic and exhibited B-lineage markers; immunoglobulin light chain restriction could be demonstrated in two thirds of the cases. There was a rich infiltrate of immunophenotypically mature T lymphocytes that comprised more than 50% of the cellular population. The T lymphocytes ranged from small cells with dark, round nuclei to slightly larger cells with elongated, irregular nuclei. There were occasional medium-sized blastic cells. There was also a variable infiltrate of histiocytes with or without epithelioid features, eosinophils and plasma cells, and increased vascularity. The peculiar morphologic features were also reproduced in other sites in the four patients for whom additional histologic materials were available for examination. We postulate that the abundance of T cells results either from a florid host reaction or from cytokine secretion by the neoplastic B cells, attracting T cells to the vicinity. The morphologic and immunologic features mimic those of a variety of benign lymphoproliferative diseases, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and lymphomas arising in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, secondary B-immunoblastic lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Careful morphologic evaluation and immunophenotypic studies using leukocyte antibodies reactive in paraffin-embedded sections are of great assistance in determining a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ng
- Institute of Pathology, Caritas Medical Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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49
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Chan JK, Ng CS, Hui PK, Leung TW, Lo ES, Lau WH, McGuire LJ. Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma. Delineation of two morphological types. Histopathology 1989; 15:11-34. [PMID: 2548945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This report describes 16 cases of the recently recognized anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma. The disease showed a male:female ratio of 2.2:1 and a bimodal age distribution with peaks in the third and eighth decades. The clinical presentation was highly variable, with lymph node, skin, bone and gastrointestinal tract being the most commonly affected sites. The lymph nodes usually showed subtotal or sinusoidal involvement, and parenchymal fibrosis was common. The large neoplastic cells were almost invariably admixed with many reactive small lymphocytes, histiocytes and/or neutrophils. Two cytological types could be delineated: type I (pale cell, four cases) consisted of large polygonal cells with distinct pink-staining cell membrane and pale cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei showing marked chromatin clearing; and type II (basophilic cell, 12 cases) consisted of round or oval cells with basophilic cytoplasm and/or paranuclear pale hof, pleomorphic nuclei often reniform or lobulated and with frequent multinucleated wreath-like and Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that nine cases (56.3%) exhibited a T-cell phenotype, three cases (18.8%) each exhibited a B-cell or null-cell phenotype, while one case exhibited both T- and B-cell markers. Cutaneous involvement at presentation was associated with a favourable outcome, and spontaneous regression was common. For patients with non-cutaneous presentation, the prognosis was relatively good for young patients treated with aggressive chemotherapy, but was grave for old patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Chan
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Pathology
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Chan JK, Sin VC, Ng CS, Lau WH. Cutaneous relapse of nasal T-cell lymphoma clinically mimicking erythema multiforme. Pathology 1989; 21:164-8. [PMID: 2626270 DOI: 10.3109/00313028909061052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomatous involvement of skin usually manifests as plaques, maculopapules, papulonodules, tumorous masses or ulcerated eruptions. We report an unusual case in which the cutaneous relapse of nasal T-cell lymphoma clinically mimicked erythema multiforme by the abrupt onset of lesions and the presence of targetoid and vesicular lesions. Histologically, the lymphomatous involvement was predominantly periadnexal, with destructive infiltration of blood vessels, nerves and sweat glands. Early biopsy of all unexplained cutaneous eruptions in patients with malignant lymphoma is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Chan
- Institute of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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