1
|
Woodcock IR, Tachas G, Desem N, Houweling PJ, Kean M, Emmanuel J, Kennedy R, Carroll K, de Valle K, Adams J, Lamandé SR, Coles C, Tiong C, Burton M, Villano D, Button P, Hogrel JY, Catling-Seyffer S, Ryan MM, Delatycki MB, Yiu EM. A phase 2 open-label study of the safety and efficacy of weekly dosing of ATL1102 in patients with non-ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy and pharmacology in mdx mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294847. [PMID: 38271438 PMCID: PMC10810432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATL1102 is a 2'MOE gapmer antisense oligonucleotide to the CD49d alpha subunit of VLA-4, inhibiting expression of CD49d on lymphocytes, reducing survival, activation and migration to sites of inflammation. Children with DMD have dystrophin deficient muscles susceptible to contraction induced injury, which triggers the immune system, exacerbating muscle damage. CD49d is a biomarker of disease severity in DMD, with increased numbers of high CD49d expressing T cells correlating with more severe and progressive weakess, despite corticosteroid treatment. METHODS This Phase 2 open label study assessed the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of ATL1102 administered as 25 mg weekly by subcutaneous injection for 24 weeks in 9 non-ambulatory boys with DMD aged 10-18 years. The main objective was to assess safety and tolerability of ATL1102. Secondary objectives included the effect of ATL1102 on lymphocyte numbers in the blood, functional changes in upper limb function as assessed by Performance of Upper Limb test (PUL 2.0) and upper limb strength using MyoGrip and MyoPinch compared to baseline. RESULTS Eight out of nine participants were on a stable dose of corticosteroids. ATL1102 was generally safe and well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported. There were no participant withdrawals from the study. The most commonly reported adverse events were injection site erythema and skin discoloration. There was no statistically significant change in lymphocyte count from baseline to week 8, 12 or 24 of dosing however, the CD3+CD49d+ T lymphocytes were statistically significantly higher at week 28 compared to week 24, four weeks past the last dose (mean change 0.40x109/L 95%CI 0.05, 0.74; p = 0.030). Functional muscle strength, as measured by the PUL2.0, EK2 and Myoset grip and pinch measures, and MRI fat fraction of the forearm muscles were stable throughout the trial period. CONCLUSION ATL1102, a novel antisense drug being developed for the treatment of inflammation that exacerbates muscle fibre damage in DMD, appears to be safe and well tolerated in non-ambulant boys with DMD. The apparent stabilisation observed on multiple muscle disease progression parameters assessed over the study duration support the continued development of ATL1102 for the treatment of DMD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registration. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: ACTRN12618000970246.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Woodcock
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nuket Desem
- Antisense Therapeutics Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J. Houweling
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Kean
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jaiman Emmanuel
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Carroll
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katy de Valle
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justine Adams
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shireen R. Lamandé
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chantal Coles
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chrystal Tiong
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Burton
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniella Villano
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah Catling-Seyffer
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monique M. Ryan
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eppie M. Yiu
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petrof BJ, Podolsky T, Bhattarai S, Tan J, Ding J. Trained immunity as a potential target for therapeutic immunomodulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183066. [PMID: 37398642 PMCID: PMC10309206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation involving innate immune cells, particularly of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Trained immunity is an evolutionarily ancient protective mechanism against infection, in which epigenetic and metabolic alterations confer non-specific hyperresponsiveness of innate immune cells to various stimuli. Recent work in an animal model of DMD (mdx mice) has shown that macrophages exhibit cardinal features of trained immunity, including the presence of innate immune system "memory". The latter is reflected by epigenetic changes and durable transmissibility of the trained phenotype to healthy non-dystrophic mice by bone marrow transplantation. Mechanistically, it is suggested that a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-regulated, memory-like capacity of innate immunity is induced at the level of the bone marrow by factors released from the damaged muscles, leading to exaggerated upregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. Here we propose a conceptual framework for the involvement of trained immunity in DMD pathogenesis and its potential to serve as a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basil J. Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tom Podolsky
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salyan Bhattarai
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiahui Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Systems Biology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piekna-Przybylska D, Na D, Zhang J, Baker C, Ashton JM, White PM. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of mouse cochlear supporting cell transcriptomes with activated ERBB2 receptor indicates a cell-specific response that promotes CD44 activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1096872. [PMID: 36687526 PMCID: PMC9853549 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1096872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss caused by the death of cochlear hair cells (HCs) might be restored through regeneration from supporting cells (SCs) via dedifferentiation and proliferation, as observed in birds. In a previous report, ERBB2 activation in a subset of cochlear SCs promoted widespread down-regulation of SOX2 in neighboring cells, proliferation, and the differentiation of HC-like cells. Here we analyze single cell transcriptomes from neonatal mouse cochlear SCs with activated ERBB2, with the goal of identifying potential secreted effectors. ERBB2 induction in vivo generated a new population of cells with de novo expression of a gene network. Called small integrin-binding ligand n-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs), these ligands and their regulators can alter NOTCH signaling and promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in other systems. We validated mRNA expression of network members, and then extended our analysis to older stages. ERBB2 signaling in young adult SCs also promoted protein expression of gene network members. Furthermore, we found proliferating cochlear cell aggregates in the organ of Corti. Our results suggest that ectopic activation of ERBB2 signaling in cochlear SCs can alter the microenvironment, promoting proliferation and cell rearrangements. Together these results suggest a novel mechanism for inducing stem cell-like activity in the adult mammalian cochlea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Piekna-Przybylska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Daxiang Na
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Cameron Baker
- Genomic Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - John M. Ashton
- Genomic Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Patricia M. White
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du Y, Mao L, Wang Z, Yan K, Zhang L, Zou J. Osteopontin - The stirring multifunctional regulatory factor in multisystem aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014853. [PMID: 36619570 PMCID: PMC9813443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional noncollagenous matrix phosphoprotein that is expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly in various tissues. As a growth regulatory protein and proinflammatory immunochemokine, OPN is involved in the pathological processes of many diseases. Recent studies have found that OPN is widely involved in the aging processes of multiple organs and tissues, such as T-cell senescence, atherosclerosis, skeletal muscle regeneration, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative changes, hematopoietic stem cell reconstruction, and retinal aging. However, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of OPN in the aging process of different tissues are not uniform, and OPN even has diverse roles in different developmental stages of the same tissue, generating uncertainty for the future study and utilization of OPN. In this review, we will summarize the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of OPN in different tissues and cells, such as the musculoskeletal system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, liver, and eye, during senescence. We believe that a better understanding of the mechanism of OPN in the aging process will help us develop targeted and comprehensive therapeutic strategies to fight the spread of age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Petrof BJ. Macrophage plasticity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a nexus of pathological remodelling with therapeutic implications. J Physiol 2021; 600:3455-3464. [PMID: 34904234 DOI: 10.1113/jp281673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by chronic skeletal muscle necrosis, leading to muscle regeneration failure and fibrosis. Although macrophages (MPs) are normally essential for muscle regeneration, dysregulated MP function promotes pathological muscle remodelling. Infiltrating MPs can be predominantly pro-inflammatory (M1 biased), anti-inflammatory (M2 biased) or of a mixed phenotype and can originate from the adult bone marrow (monocyte dependent) or embryonic precursors (monocyte independent). In mdx mice (genetic model of DMD) lacking either Toll-like receptor (Tlr) 2 or Tlr4, it is found that MP infiltration of dystrophic muscle is significantly reduced and that the MP phenotype is shifted toward a more anti-inflammatory profile. This is accompanied by significant improvements in muscle histology and force production. Lack of the chemokine receptor CCR2, which impedes monocyte release from the bone marrow, leads to similar beneficial effects in mdx mice. Evidence was also found for Tlr4-regulated induction of trained innate immunity in MPs cultured from the bone marrow of mdx mice before their entry into the muscle. These MPs exhibit epigenetic and metabolic alterations, accompanied by non-specific hyper-responsiveness to multiple stimuli, which is manifested by potentiated upregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. In summary, exaggerated recruitment of monocyte-derived MPs and signs of trained innate immunity at the level of the bone marrow are features of the immunophenotype associated with dystrophic muscle disease. These phenomena are regulated by Toll-like receptors that bind endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, suggesting that DAMP release from dystrophic muscles modulates MP plasticity at the bone marrow level through Toll-like receptor-driven mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuraoka M, Aoki Y, Takeda S. Development of outcome measures according to dystrophic phenotypes in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan. Exp Anim 2021; 70:419-430. [PMID: 34135266 PMCID: PMC8614006 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal muscle disorder characterized by primary muscle degeneration. Therapeutic strategies for DMD have been extensively explored, and some are in the stage of human clinical trials. Along with the development of new therapies, sensitive outcome measures are needed to monitor the effects of new treatments. Therefore, we investigated outcome measures such as biomarkers and motor function evaluation in a dystrophic model of beagle dogs, canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMDJ). Osteopontin (OPN), a myogenic inflammatory cytokine, was explored as a potential biomarker in dystrophic dogs over the disease course. The serum OPN levels of CXMDJ dystrophic dogs were elevated, even in the early disease phase, and this could be related to the presence of regenerating muscle fibers; as such, OPN would be a promising biomarker for muscle regeneration. Next, accelerometry, which is an efficient method to quantify performance in validated tasks, was used to evaluate motor function longitudinally in dystrophic dogs. We measured three-axis acceleration and angular velocity with wireless hybrid sensors during gait evaluations. Multiple parameters of acceleration and angular velocity showed notedly lower values in dystrophic dogs compared with wild-type dogs, even at the onset of muscle weakness. These parameters accordingly decreased with exacerbation of clinical manifestations along with the disease course. Multiple parameters also indicated gait abnormalities in dystrophic dogs, such as a waddling gait. These outcome measures could be applicable in clinical trials of patients with DMD or other muscle disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuki Kuraoka
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kölbel H, Preuße C, Brand L, von Moers A, Della Marina A, Schuelke M, Roos A, Goebel HH, Schara-Schmidt U, Stenzel W. Inflammation, fibrosis and skeletal muscle regeneration in LGMDR9 are orchestrated by macrophages. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:856-866. [PMID: 33973272 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Variable degrees of inflammation, necrosis, regeneration and fibrofatty replacement are part of the pathological spectrum of the dystrophic process in alpha dystroglycanopathy LGMDR9 (FKRP-related, OMIM #607155), one of the most prevailing types of LGMDs worldwide. Inflammatory processes and their complex interplay with vascular, myogenic and mesenchymal cells may have a major impact on disease development. The purpose of our study is to describe the specific immune morphological features in muscle tissue of patients with LGMDR9 to enable a better understanding of the phenotype of muscle damage leading to disease progression. METHODS We have analysed skeletal muscle biopsies of 17 patients genetically confirmed as having LGMDR9 by histopathological and molecular techniques. RESULTS We identified CD206+ MHC class II+ and STAT6+ immune-repressed macrophages dominating the endomysial infiltrate in areas of myofibre regeneration and fibrosis. Additionally, PDGFRβ+ pericytes were located around MHC class II+ activated capillaries residing in close proximity to areas of fibrosis and regenerating fibres. Expression of VEGF was found on many regenerating neonatal myosin+ fibres, myofibres and CD206+ macrophages also co-expressed VEGF. CONCLUSION Our results show characteristic immune inflammatory features in LGMDR9 and more specifically shed light on the predominant role of macrophages and their function in vascular organisation, fibrosis and myogenesis. Understanding disease-specific immune phenomena potentially inform about possibilities for anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies, which may complement Ribitol replacement and gene therapies for LGMDR9 that may be available in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Kölbel
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Neuromuscular Centre, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Preuße
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Brand
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Neuromuscular Centre, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Germany
| | - Arpad von Moers
- Department of Paediatrics and Neuropaediatrics, DRK Klinikum Westend, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Neuromuscular Centre, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Neuromuscular Centre, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Neuromuscular Centre, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hatipoglu OF, Uctepe E, Opoku G, Wake H, Ikemura K, Ohtsuki T, Inagaki J, Gunduz M, Gunduz E, Watanabe S, Nishinaka T, Takahashi H, Hirohata S. Osteopontin silencing attenuates bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111633. [PMID: 34243624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and most deadly form of interstitial lung disease. Osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular protein with proinflammatory and profibrotic properties, plays a major role in several fibrotic diseases, including IPF; OPN is highly upregulated in patients' lung samples. In this study, we knocked down OPN in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) mouse model using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to determine whether the use of OPN siRNA is an effective therapeutic strategy for IPF. We found that fibrosing areas were significantly smaller in specimens from OPN siRNA-treated mice. The number of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also reduced in OPN siRNA-treated mice. Regarding the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, the administration of OPN-siRNA to BLM-treated mice upregulated E-cadherin expression and downregulated vimentin expression. Moreover, in vitro, we incubated the human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and subsequently transfected the cells with OPN siRNA. We found a significant upregulation of Col1A1, fibronectin, and vimentin after TGF-β1 stimulation in A549 cells. In contrast, a downregulation of Col1A1, fibronectin, and vimentin mRNA levels was observed in TGF-β1-stimulated OPN knockdown A549 cells. Therefore, the downregulation of OPN effectively reduced pulmonary fibrotic and EMT changes both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our results indicate that OPN siRNA exerts a protective effect on BLM-induced PF in mice. Our results provide a basis for the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyyup Uctepe
- Acıbadem Labmed Ankara Tissue Typing Laboratory, Turkey
| | - Gabriel Opoku
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikemura
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Mehmet Gunduz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Moriya Keiyu Hospital, Japan
| | - Esra Gunduz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Moriya Keiyu Hospital, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Micheletto MLJ, Hermes TDA, Bertassoli BM, Petri G, Perez MM, Fonseca FLA, Carvalho AADS, Feder D. Ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, exhibits potential effect in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:11-21. [PMID: 33296126 PMCID: PMC7839951 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin deficiency makes the sarcolemma fragile and susceptible to degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The proteasome is a multimeric protease complex and is central to the regulation of cellular proteins. Previous studies have shown that proteasome inhibition improved pathological changes in mdx mice. Ixazomib is the first oral proteasome inhibitor used as a therapy in multiple myeloma. This study investigated the effects of ixazomib on the dystrophic muscle of mdx mice. MDX mice were treated with ixazomib (7.5 mg/kg/wk by gavage) or 0.2 mL of saline for 12 weeks. The Kondziela test was performed to measure muscle strength. The tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm (DIA) muscles were used for morphological analysis, and blood samples were collected for biochemical measurement. We observed maintenance of the muscle strength in the animals treated with ixazomib. Treatment with ixazomib had no toxic effect on the mdx mouse. The morphological analysis showed a reduction in the inflammatory area and fibres with central nuclei in the TA and DIA muscles and an increase in the number of fibres with a diameter of 20 µm2 in the DIA muscle after treatment with ixazomib. There was an increase in the expression of dystrophin and utrophin in the TA and DIA muscles and a reduction in the expression of osteopontin and TGF-β in the DIA muscle of mdx mice treated with ixazomib. Ixazomib was thus shown to increase the expression of dystrophin and utrophin associated with improved pathological and functional changes in the dystrophic muscles of mdx mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tulio de Almeida Hermes
- Departament of Morphology and PhysiologyMedical Faculty of the ABCSanto AndréBrazil
- Departament of AnatomyFederal University of AlfenasAlfenasBrazil
| | | | - Giuliana Petri
- Departament of Morphology and PhysiologyMedical Faculty of the ABCSanto AndréBrazil
| | | | | | | | - David Feder
- Departament of Morphology and PhysiologyMedical Faculty of the ABCSanto AndréBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yanay N, Elbaz M, Konikov-Rozenman J, Elgavish S, Nevo Y, Fellig Y, Rabie M, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Nevo Y. Pax7, Pax3 and Mamstr genes are involved in skeletal muscle impaired regeneration of dy2J/dy2J mouse model of Lama2-CMD. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3369-3390. [PMID: 31348492 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy type-1A (Lama2-CMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) result from deficiencies of laminin-α2 and dystrophin proteins, respectively. Although both proteins strengthen the sarcolemma, they are implicated in clinically distinct phenotypes. We used RNA-deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of dy2J/dy2J, Lama2-CMD mouse model, skeletal muscle at 8 weeks of age to elucidate disease pathophysiology. This study is the first report of dy2J/dy2J model whole transcriptome profile. RNA-Seq of the mdx mouse model of DMD and wild-type (WT) mouse was carried as well in order to enable a novel comparison of dy2J/dy2J to mdx. A large group of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was found in dy2J/dy2J and mdx models (1834 common DEGs, false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). Enrichment pathway analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis showed enrichment of inflammation, fibrosis, cellular movement, migration and proliferation of cells, apoptosis and necrosis in both mouse models (P-values 3E-10-9E-37). Via canonical pathway analysis, actin cytoskeleton, integrin, integrin-linked kinase, NF-kB, renin-angiotensin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and calcium signaling were also enriched and upregulated in both models (FDR < 0.05). Interestingly, significant downregulation of Pax7 was detected in dy2J/dy2J compared to upregulation of this key regeneration gene in mdx mice. Pax3 and Mamstr genes were also downregulated in dy2J/dy2J compared to WT mice. These results may explain the distinct disease course and severity in these models. While the mdx model at that stage shows massive regeneration, the dy2J/dy2J shows progressive dystrophic process. Our data deepen our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology and suggest new targets for additional therapies to upregulate regeneration in Lama2-CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Yanay
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Elbaz
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jenya Konikov-Rozenman
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, I-CORE Bioinformatics Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, I-CORE Bioinformatics Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakov Fellig
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malcolm Rabie
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Stella Mitrani-Rosenbaum
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Nevo
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matsumoto H, Kohara R, Sugi M, Usui A, Oyama K, Mannen H, Sasazaki S. The non-synonymous mutation in bovine SPP1 gene influences carcass weight. Heliyon 2019; 5:e03006. [PMID: 31879711 PMCID: PMC6920195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat quality in beef cattle is controlled by genetic factors. SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) gene, coding a multifunctional cytokine with diverse biological functions, is the candidate gene influencing carcass traits. In this study, we tried to discover DNA polymorphisms associated with beef quality in bovine SPP1 gene, so that two SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the promoter region and one SNP in the CDS (coding sequence) region were identified. Although the formers were predicted to alter SPP1 expression, they did not show any effects on the traits. On the contrary, statistical analysis revealed that g.58675C > T, a non-synonymous mutation from threonine to methionine in the conservative region, had a significant effect on carcass weight. Carcass weight of the animals with C/T allele (473.9 ± 6.0 kg) was significantly heavier than that of the C/C homozygotes (459.2 ± 2.8 kg). Because SPP1 gene functions in skeletal muscle cells as a positive regulator, the non-synonymous mutation might influence muscle development and remodeling, resulting in increased carcass weight of the C/T animals. Our results indicate that the SNP can be applied as a DNA marker for the improvement of beef cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kohara
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugi
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Azumi Usui
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Kenji Oyama
- Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kasai, Hyogo, 675-2103, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Sasazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The "Usual Suspects": Genes for Inflammation, Fibrosis, Regeneration, and Muscle Strength Modify Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050649. [PMID: 31083420 PMCID: PMC6571893 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most severe form of dystrophinopathy, is quite homogeneous with regards to its causative biochemical defect, i.e., complete dystrophin deficiency, but not so much with regards to its phenotype. For instance, muscle weakness progresses to the loss of independent ambulation at a variable age, starting from before 10 years, to even after 16 years (with glucocorticoid treatment). Identifying the bases of such variability is relevant for patient counseling, prognosis, stratification in trials, and identification of therapeutic targets. To date, variants in five loci have been associated with variability in human DMD sub-phenotypes: SPP1, LTBP4, CD40, ACTN3, and THBS1. Four of these genes (SPP1, LTBP4, CD40, and THBS1) are implicated in several interconnected molecular pathways regulating inflammatory response to muscle damage, regeneration, and fibrosis; while ACTN3 is known as “the gene for speed”, as it contains a common truncating polymorphism (18% of the general population), which reduces muscle power and sprint performance. Studies leading to the identification of these modifiers were mostly based on a “candidate gene” approach, hence the identification of modifiers in “usual suspect” pathways, which are already known to modify muscle in disease or health. Unbiased approaches that are based on genome mapping have so far been applied only initially, but they will probably represent the focus of future developments in this field, and will hopefully identify novel, “unsuspected” therapeutic targets. In this article, we summarize the state of the art of modifier loci of human dystrophin deficiency, and attempt to assess their relevance and implications on both clinical management and translational research.
Collapse
|
13
|
Skeletal muscle fibrosis: an overview. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:575-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
The immune response to acute muscle damage is important for normal repair. However, in chronic diseases such as many muscular dystrophies, the immune response can amplify pathology and play a major role in determining disease severity. Muscular dystrophies are inheritable diseases that vary tremendously in severity, but share the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that can be debilitating and lethal. Mutations in diverse genes cause muscular dystrophy, including genes that encode proteins that maintain membrane strength, participate in membrane repair, or are components of the extracellular matrix or the nuclear envelope. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that an important feature of many muscular dystrophies is an immune response adapted to acute, infrequent muscle damage that is misapplied in the context of chronic injury. We discuss the involvement of the immune system in the most common muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and show that the immune system influences muscle death and fibrosis as disease progresses. We then present information on immune cell function in other muscular dystrophies and show that for many muscular dystrophies, release of cytosolic proteins into the extracellular space may provide an initial signal, leading to an immune response that is typically dominated by macrophages, neutrophils, helper T-lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Although those features are similar in many muscular dystrophies, each muscular dystrophy shows distinguishing features in the magnitude and type of inflammatory response. These differences indicate that there are disease-specific immunomodulatory molecules that determine response to muscle cell damage caused by diverse genetic mutations. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1313-1356, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven S. Welc
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Expression profiling of disease progression in canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194485. [PMID: 29554127 PMCID: PMC5858769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes progressive disability in 1 of every 5,000 boys due to the lack of functional dystrophin protein. Despite much advancement in knowledge about DMD disease presentation and progression—attributable in part to studies using mouse and canine models of the disease–current DMD treatments are not equally effective in all patients. There remains, therefore, a need for translational animal models in which novel treatment targets can be identified and evaluated. Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) is a phenotypically and genetically homologous animal model of DMD. As with DMD, speed of disease progression in GRMD varies substantially. However, unlike DMD, all GRMD dogs possess the same causal mutation; therefore genetic modifiers of phenotypic variation are relatively easier to identify. Furthermore, the GRMD dogs used in this study reside within the same colony, reducing the confounding effects of environment on phenotypic variation. To detect modifiers of disease progression, we developed gene expression profiles using RNA sequencing for 9 dogs: 6 GRMD dogs (3 with faster-progressing and 3 with slower-progressing disease, based on quantitative, objective biomarkers) and 3 control dogs from the same colony. All dogs were evaluated at 2 time points: early disease onset (3 months of age) and the point at which GRMD stabilizes (6 months of age) using quantitative, objective biomarkers identified as robust against the effects of relatedness/inbreeding. Across all comparisons, the most differentially expressed genes fell into 3 categories: myogenesis/muscle regeneration, metabolism, and inflammation. Our findings are largely in concordance with DMD and mouse model studies, reinforcing the utility of GRMD as a translational model. Novel findings include the strong up-regulation of chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) in faster-progressing GRMD dogs, suggesting previously unexplored mechanisms underlie progression speed in GRMD and DMD. In summary, our findings support the utility of RNA sequencing for evaluating potential biomarkers of GRMD progression speed, and are valuable for identifying new avenues of exploration in DMD research.
Collapse
|
16
|
Alameddine HS, Morgan JE. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Inflammation and Fibrosis of Skeletal Muscles. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:455-473. [PMID: 27911334 PMCID: PMC5240616 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, levels and activity of Matrix MetalloProteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of MetalloProteinases (TIMPs) have been involved in myoblast migration, fusion and various physiological and pathological remodeling situations including neuromuscular diseases. This has opened perspectives for the use of MMPs' overexpression to improve the efficiency of cell therapy in muscular dystrophies and resolve fibrosis. Alternatively, inhibition of individual MMPs in animal models of muscular dystrophies has provided evidence of beneficial, dual or adverse effects on muscle morphology or function. We review here the role played by MMPs/TIMPs in skeletal muscle inflammation and fibrosis, two major hurdles that limit the success of cell and gene therapy. We report and analyze the consequences of genetic or pharmacological modulation of MMP levels on the inflammation of skeletal muscles and their repair in light of experimental findings. We further discuss how the interplay between MMPs/TIMPs levels, cytokines/chemokines, growth factors and permanent low-grade inflammation favor cellular and molecular modifications resulting in fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala S Alameddine
- Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jennifer E Morgan
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith LR, Barton ER. Regulation of fibrosis in muscular dystrophy. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:602-615. [PMID: 29408413 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of force and power are inherent properties of skeletal muscle, and regulated by contractile proteins within muscle fibers. However, skeletal muscle integrity and function also require strong connections between muscle fibers and their extracellular matrix (ECM). A well-organized and pliant ECM is integral to muscle function and the ability for many different cell populations to efficiently migrate through ECM is critical during growth and regeneration. For many neuromuscular diseases, genetic mutations cause disruption of these cytoskeletal-ECM connections, resulting in muscle fragility and chronic injury. Ultimately, these changes shift the balance from myogenic pathways toward fibrogenic pathways, culminating in the loss of muscle fibers and their replacement with fatty-fibrotic matrix. Hence a common pathological hallmark of muscular dystrophy is prominent fibrosis. This review will cover the salient features of muscular dystrophy pathogenesis, highlight the signals and cells that are important for myogenic and fibrogenic actions, and discuss how fibrosis alters the ECM of skeletal muscle, and the consequences of fibrosis in developing therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chew JD, Markham L, Smith HM, Su YR, Tomasek K, Slaughter JC, Sawyer D, Soslow JH. Assessment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and osteopontin in a healthy pediatric population. J Circ Biomark 2018; 7:1849454418806136. [PMID: 30364485 PMCID: PMC6196610 DOI: 10.1177/1849454418806136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are routinely used for noninvasive identification or monitoring of disease processes in clinical practice, as well as surrogate end points for drug development. There is a significant lack of data regarding biomarkers in children. An understanding of biomarker levels in a healthy pediatric cohort is essential as more studies begin to apply noninvasive biomarkers to pediatric populations. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in neuronal survival and plasticity and is associated with exercise capacity and inflammatory disease processes. Osteopontin (OPN) plays a regulatory role in inflammation and may be a clinically useful biomarker of cardiovascular disease processes, ventricular remodeling, and skeletal muscle regeneration. This study describes our initial experience with a cohort of healthy pediatric patients and seeks to provide normal values of BDNF and OPN with correlation to age, gender, and cardiovascular and fitness measures. Serum BDNF and plasma OPN were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 33 healthy pediatric subjects. Subjects underwent complete cardiac evaluation, including echocardiography, exercise stress testing, and health risk assessment. The 5th-95th percentile was 5.63-37.86 ng/ml for serum BDNF and 4.9-164.9 ng/ml for plasma OPN. Plasma OPN correlated with number of days of exercise per week (r = 0.46, p = 0.008). No other correlations were significant. This study provides the initial data on serum BDNF and plasma OPN in children and begins to explore the relationships of BDNF and OPN to cardiovascular health and fitness in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chew
- Thomas P. Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Larry Markham
- Thomas P. Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Holly M Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Ru Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelsey Tomasek
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas Sawyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME,
USA
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Thomas P. Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quattrocelli M, Capote J, Ohiri JC, Warner JL, Vo AH, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, Demonbreun AR, Spencer MJ, McNally EM. Genetic modifiers of muscular dystrophy act on sarcolemmal resealing and recovery from injury. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007070. [PMID: 29065150 PMCID: PMC5669489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disruption of the dystrophin complex produces muscular dystrophy characterized by a fragile muscle plasma membrane leading to excessive muscle degeneration. Two genetic modifiers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy implicate the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, osteopontin encoded by the SPP1 gene and latent TGFβ binding protein 4 (LTBP4). We now evaluated the functional effect of these modifiers in the context of muscle injury and repair to elucidate their mechanisms of action. We found that excess osteopontin exacerbated sarcolemmal injury, and correspondingly, that loss of osteopontin reduced injury extent both in isolated myofibers and in muscle in vivo. We found that ablation of osteopontin was associated with reduced expression of TGFβ and TGFβ-associated pathways. We identified that increased TGFβ resulted in reduced expression of Anxa1 and Anxa6, genes encoding key components of the muscle sarcolemma resealing process. Genetic manipulation of Ltbp4 in dystrophic muscle also directly modulated sarcolemmal resealing, and Ltbp4 alleles acted in concert with Anxa6, a distinct modifier of muscular dystrophy. These data provide a model in which a feed forward loop of TGFβ and osteopontin directly impacts the capacity of muscle to recover from injury, and identifies an intersection of genetic modifiers on muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Annexin A1/genetics
- Annexin A1/metabolism
- Annexin A6/genetics
- Annexin A6/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Modifier
- Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/injuries
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Recovery of Function
- Sarcolemma/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joanna Capote
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joyce C. Ohiri
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James L. Warner
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andy H. Vo
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Judy U. Earley
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexis R. Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nghiem PP, Kornegay JN, Uaesoontrachoon K, Bello L, Yin Y, Kesari A, Mittal P, Schatzberg SJ, Many GM, Lee NH, Hoffman EP. Osteopontin is linked with AKT, FoxO1, and myostatin in skeletal muscle cells. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:1119-1127. [PMID: 28745831 PMCID: PMC5690863 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Osteopontin (OPN) polymorphisms are associated with muscle size and modify disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We hypothesized that OPN may share a molecular network with myostatin (MSTN). Methods: Studies were conducted in the golden retriever (GRMD) and mdx mouse models of DMD. Follow‐up in‐vitro studies were employed in myogenic cells and the mdx mouse treated with recombinant mouse (rm) or human (Hu) OPN protein. Results: OPN was increased and MSTN was decreased and levels correlated inversely in GRMD hypertrophied muscle. RM‐OPN treatment led to induced AKT1 and FoxO1 phosphorylation, microRNA‐486 modulation, and decreased MSTN. An AKT1 inhibitor blocked these effects, whereas an RGD‐mutant OPN protein and an RGDS blocking peptide showed similar effects to the AKT inhibitor. RMOPN induced myotube hypertrophy and minimal Feret diameter in mdx muscle. Discussion: OPN may interact with AKT1/MSTN/FoxO1 to modify normal and dystrophic muscle. Muscle Nerve56: 1119–1127, 2017
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Nghiem
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4458 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Joe N Kornegay
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4458 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4458, USA
| | | | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ying Yin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Priya Mittal
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Gina M Many
- Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, USA
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
SPP1 genotype and glucocorticoid treatment modify osteopontin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy cells. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3342-3351. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
22
|
Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: A cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:200-221. [PMID: 27702700 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass coupled with functional deterioration, may be exacerbated by obesity leading to higher disability, frailty, morbidity and mortality rates. In the combination of sarcopenia and obesity, the state called sarcopenic obesity (SOB), some key age- and obesity-mediated factors and pathways may aggravate sarcopenia. This review will analyze the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SOB. In obese adipose tissue (AT), adipocytes undergo hypertrophy, hyperplasia and activation resulted in accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and other immune cells as well as dysregulated production of various adipokines that together with senescent cells and the immune cell-released cytokines and chemokines create a local pro-inflammatory status. In addition, obese AT is characterized by excessive production and disturbed capacity to store lipids, which accumulate ectopically in skeletal muscle. These intramuscular lipids and their derivatives induce mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired β-oxidation capacity and increased reactive oxygen species formation providing lipotoxic environment and insulin resistance as well as enhanced secretion of some pro-inflammatory myokines capable of inducing muscle dysfunction by auto/paracrine manner. In turn, by endocrine manner, these myokines may exacerbate AT inflammation and also support chronic low grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), overall establishing a detrimental vicious circle maintaining AT and skeletal muscle inflammation, thus triggering and supporting SOB development. Under these circumstances, we believe that AT inflammation dominates over skeletal muscle inflammation. Thus, in essence, it redirects the vector of processes from "sarcopenia→obesity" to "obesity→sarcopenia". We therefore propose that this condition be defined as "obese sarcopenia", to reflect the direction of the pathological pathway.
Collapse
|
23
|
Potent pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules, osteopontin and galectin-3, are not major disease modulators of laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44059. [PMID: 28281577 PMCID: PMC5345027 DOI: 10.1038/srep44059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of human diseases are caused by chronic tissue injury with fibrosis potentially leading to organ failure. There is a need for more effective anti-fibrotic therapies. Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is a devastating form of muscular dystrophy caused by laminin α2 chain-deficiency. It is characterized with early inflammation and build-up of fibrotic lesions, both in patients and MDC1A mouse models (e.g. dy3K/dy3K). Despite the enormous impact of inflammation on tissue remodelling in disease, the inflammatory response in MDC1A has been poorly described. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of secondary mechanisms (impaired regeneration, enhanced fibrosis) leading to deterioration of muscle phenotype in MDC1A is missing. We have monitored inflammatory processes in dy3K/dy3K muscle and created mice deficient in laminin α2 chain and osteopontin or galectin-3, two pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules drastically increased in dystrophic muscle. Surprisingly, deletion of osteopontin worsened the phenotype of dy3K/dy3K mice and loss of galectin-3 did not reduce muscle pathology. Our results indicate that osteopontin could even be a beneficial immunomodulator in MDC1A. This knowledge is essential for the design of future therapeutic interventions for muscular dystrophies that aim at targeting inflammation, especially that osteopontin inhibition has been suggested for Duchenne muscular dystrophy therapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Quattrocelli M, Spencer MJ, McNally EM. Outside in: The matrix as a modifier of muscular dystrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:572-579. [PMID: 28011285 PMCID: PMC5262521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are genetic conditions leading to muscle degeneration and often, impaired regeneration. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a prototypical form of muscular dystrophy, and like other forms of genetically inherited muscle diseases, pathological progression is variable. Variability in muscular dystrophy can arise from differences in the manner in which the primary mutation impacts the affected protein's function; however, clinical heterogeneity also derives from secondary mutations in other genes that can enhance or reduce pathogenic features of disease. These genes, called genetic modifiers, regulate the pathophysiological context of dystrophic degeneration and regeneration. Understanding the mechanistic links between genetic modifiers and dystrophic progression sheds light on pathologic remodeling, and provides novel avenues to therapeutically intervene to reduce muscle degeneration. Based on targeted genetic approaches and unbiased genomewide screens, several modifiers have been identified for muscular dystrophy, including extracellular agonists of signaling cascades. This review will focus on identification and possible mechanisms of recently identified modifiers for muscular dystrophy, including osteopontin, latent TGFβ binding protein 4 (LTBP4) and Jagged1. Moreover, we will review the investigational approaches that aim to target modifier pathways and thereby counteract dystrophic muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa J Spencer
- Dept of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Many GM, Yokosaki Y, Uaesoontrachoon K, Nghiem PP, Bello L, Dadgar S, Yin Y, Damsker JM, Cohen HB, Kornegay JN, Bamman MM, Mosser DM, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP. OPN-a induces muscle inflammation by increasing recruitment and activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1285-1300. [PMID: 27452303 PMCID: PMC5095808 DOI: 10.1113/ep085768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? What is the functional relevance of OPN isoform expression in muscle pathology? What is the main finding and its importance? The full‐length human OPN‐a isoform is the most pro‐inflammatory isoform in the muscle microenvironment, acting on macrophages and myoblasts in an RGD‐integrin‐dependent manner. OPN‐a upregulates expression of tenascin‐C (TNC), a known Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist. Blocking TLR4 signalling inhibits the pro‐inflammatory effects of OPN‐a, suggesting that a potential mechanism of OPN action is by promoting TNC–TLR4 signalling.
Although osteopontin (OPN) is an important mediator of muscle remodelling in health and disease, functional differences in human spliced OPN variants in the muscle microenvironment have not been characterized. We thus sought to define the pro‐inflammatory activities of human OPN isoforms (OPN‐a, OPN‐b and OPN‐c) on cells present in regenerating muscle. OPN transcripts were quantified in normal and dystrophic human and dog muscle. Human macrophages and myoblasts were stimulated with recombinant human OPN protein isoforms, and cytokine mRNA and protein induction was assayed. OPN isoforms were greatly increased in dystrophic human (OPN‐a > OPN‐b > OPN‐c) and dog muscle (OPN‐a = OPN‐c). In healthy human muscle, mechanical loading also upregulated OPN‐a expression (eightfold; P < 0.01), but did not significantly upregulate OPN‐c expression (twofold; P > 0.05). In vitro, OPN‐a displayed the most pronounced pro‐inflammatory activity among isoforms, acting on both macrophages and myoblasts. In vitro and in vivo data revealed that OPN‐a upregulated tenascin‐C (TNC), a known Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist. Inhibition of TLR4 signalling attenuated OPN‐mediated macrophage cytokine production. In summary, OPN‐a is the most abundant and functionally active human spliced isoform in the skeletal muscle microenvironment. Here, OPN‐a promotes pro‐inflammatory signalling in both macrophages and myoblasts, possibly through induction of TNC–TLR4 signalling. Together, our findings suggest that specific targeting of OPN‐a and/or TNC signalling in the damaged muscle microenvironment may be of therapeutic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Many
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Peter P Nghiem
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Luca Bello
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sherry Dadgar
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ying Yin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jesse M Damsker
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Heather B Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Joe N Kornegay
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baumert P, Lake MJ, Stewart CE, Drust B, Erskine RM. Genetic variation and exercise-induced muscle damage: implications for athletic performance, injury and ageing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1595-625. [PMID: 27294501 PMCID: PMC4983298 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged unaccustomed exercise involving muscle lengthening (eccentric) actions can result in ultrastructural muscle disruption, impaired excitation-contraction coupling, inflammation and muscle protein degradation. This process is associated with delayed onset muscle soreness and is referred to as exercise-induced muscle damage. Although a certain amount of muscle damage may be necessary for adaptation to occur, excessive damage or inadequate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage can increase injury risk, particularly in older individuals, who experience more damage and require longer to recover from muscle damaging exercise than younger adults. Furthermore, it is apparent that inter-individual variation exists in the response to exercise-induced muscle damage, and there is evidence that genetic variability may play a key role. Although this area of research is in its infancy, certain gene variations, or polymorphisms have been associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (i.e. individuals with certain genotypes experience greater muscle damage, and require longer recovery, following strenuous exercise). These polymorphisms include ACTN3 (R577X, rs1815739), TNF (-308 G>A, rs1800629), IL6 (-174 G>C, rs1800795), and IGF2 (ApaI, 17200 G>A, rs680). Knowing how someone is likely to respond to a particular type of exercise could help coaches/practitioners individualise the exercise training of their athletes/patients, thus maximising recovery and adaptation, while reducing overload-associated injury risk. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis of the literature concerning gene polymorphisms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage, both in young and older individuals, and to highlight the potential mechanisms underpinning these associations, thus providing a better understanding of exercise-induced muscle damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mark J Lake
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rosenberg AS, Puig M, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP, Villalta SA, Rao VA, Wakefield LM, Woodcock J. Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:299rv4. [PMID: 26246170 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunological and inflammatory processes downstream of dystrophin deficiency as well as metabolic abnormalities, defective autophagy, and loss of regenerative capacity all contribute to muscle pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). These downstream cascades offer potential avenues for pharmacological intervention. Modulating the inflammatory response and inducing immunological tolerance to de novo dystrophin expression will be critical to the success of dystrophin-replacement therapies. This Review focuses on the role of the inflammatory response in DMD pathogenesis and opportunities for clinical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Rosenberg
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Montserrat Puig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - V Ashutosh Rao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4032A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Janet Woodcock
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Translating golden retriever muscular dystrophy microarray findings to novel biomarkers for cardiac/skeletal muscle function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:629-36. [PMID: 26672735 PMCID: PMC4837049 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), abnormal cardiac function is typically preceded by a decade of skeletal muscle disease. Molecular reasons for differences in onset and progression of these muscle groups are unknown. Human biomarkers are lacking. METHODS We analyzed cardiac and skeletal muscle microarrays from normal and golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs (ages 6, 12, or 47+ mo) to gain insight into muscle dysfunction and to identify putative DMD biomarkers. These biomarkers were then measured using human DMD blood samples. RESULTS We identified GRMD candidate genes that might contribute to the disparity between cardiac and skeletal muscle disease, focusing on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and osteopontin (OPN/SPP1, hereafter indicated as SPP1). BDNF was elevated in cardiac muscle of younger GRMD but was unaltered in skeletal muscle, while SPP1 was increased only in GRMD skeletal muscle. In human DMD, circulating levels of BDNF were inversely correlated with ventricular function and fibrosis, while SPP1 levels correlated with skeletal muscle function. CONCLUSION These results highlight gene expression patterns that could account for differences in cardiac and skeletal disease in GRMD. Most notably, animal model-derived data were translated to DMD and support use of BDNF and SPP1 as biomarkers for cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement, respectively.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kuraoka M, Kimura E, Nagata T, Okada T, Aoki Y, Tachimori H, Yonemoto N, Imamura M, Takeda S. Serum Osteopontin as a Novel Biomarker for Muscle Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1302-12. [PMID: 26963343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked muscle disorder. We have already reported that osteopontin (OPN), an inflammatory cytokine and myogenic factor, is expressed in the early dystrophic phase in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan, a dystrophic dog model. To further explore the possibility of OPN as a new biomarker for disease activity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we monitored serum OPN levels in dystrophic and wild-type dogs at different ages and compared the levels to other serum markers, such as serum creatine kinase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Serum OPN levels in the dystrophic dogs were significantly elevated compared with those in wild-type dogs before and 1 hour after a cesarean section birth and at the age of 3 months. The serum OPN level was significantly correlated with the phenotypic severity of dystrophic dogs at the period corresponding to the onset of muscle weakness, whereas other serum markers including creatine kinase were not. Immunohistologically, OPN was up-regulated in infiltrating macrophages and developmental myosin heavy chain-positive regenerating muscle fibers in the dystrophic dogs, whereas serum OPN was highly elevated. OPN expression was also observed during the synergic muscle regeneration process induced by cardiotoxin injection. In conclusion, OPN is a promising biomarker for muscle regeneration in dystrophic dogs and can be applicable to boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuki Kuraoka
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - En Kimura
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Imamura
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pinto-Mariz F, Rodrigues Carvalho L, Prufer De Queiroz Campos Araujo A, De Mello W, Gonçalves Ribeiro M, Cunha MDCSA, Cabello PH, Riederer I, Negroni E, Desguerre I, Veras M, Yada E, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, Voit T, Mouly V, Silva-Barbosa SD, Butler-Browne G, Savino W. CD49d is a disease progression biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:45. [PMID: 26664665 PMCID: PMC4674917 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The immune inflammatory response also contributes to disease progression in DMD patients. In a previous study, we demonstrated higher levels of circulating CD49dhi and CD49ehi T cells in DMD patients compared to healthy control. DMD patients are clinically heterogeneous and the functional defect cannot be correlated with genotype. Therefore, it is important to be able to define reliable noninvasive biomarkers to better define the disease progression at the beginning of clinical trials. RESULTS We studied 75 DMD patients at different stages of their disease and observed that increased percentages of circulating CD4(+)CD49d(hi) and CD8(+)CD49d(hi) T lymphocytes were correlated with both severity and a more rapid progression of the disease. Moreover, T(+)CD49d(+) cells were also found in muscular inflammatory infiltrates. Functionally, T cells from severely affected patients exhibited higher transendothelial and fibronectin-driven migratory responses and increased adhesion to myotubes, when compared to control individuals. These responses could be blocked with an anti-CD49d monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSION CD49d can be used as a novel biomarker to stratify DMD patients by predicting disease progression for clinical trials. Moreover, anti-CD49d peptides or antibodies can be used as a therapeutic approach to decrease inflammation-mediated tissue damage in DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pinto-Mariz
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75651 France
| | | | | | - Wallace De Mello
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ingo Riederer
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75651 France
| | | | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erica Yada
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75651 France
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Service de Médecine Interne 1, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Service de Médecine Interne 1, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Voit
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75651 France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75651 France
| | - Suse Dayse Silva-Barbosa
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Department of Clinical Research, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75651 France
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barp A, Bello L, Politano L, Melacini P, Calore C, Polo A, Vianello S, Sorarù G, Semplicini C, Pantic B, Taglia A, Picillo E, Magri F, Gorni K, Messina S, Vita GL, Vita G, Comi GP, Ermani M, Calvo V, Angelini C, Hoffman EP, Pegoraro E. Genetic Modifiers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141240. [PMID: 26513582 PMCID: PMC4626372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication and leading cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DCM onset is variable, suggesting modifier effects of genetic or environmental factors. We aimed to determine if polymorphisms previously associated with age at loss of independent ambulation (LoA) in DMD (rs28357094 in the SPP1 promoter, rs10880 and the VTTT/IAAM haplotype in LTBP4) also modify DCM onset. METHODS A multicentric cohort of 178 DMD patients was genotyped by TaqMan assays. We performed a time-to-event analysis of DCM onset, with age as time variable, and finding of left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% and/or end diastolic volume > 70 mL/m2 as event (confirmed by a previous normal exam < 12 months prior); DCM-free patients were censored at the age of last echocardiographic follow-up. RESULTS Patients were followed up to an average age of 15.9 ± 6.7 years. Seventy-one/178 patients developed DCM, and median age at onset was 20.0 years. Glucocorticoid corticosteroid treatment (n = 88 untreated; n = 75 treated; n = 15 unknown) did not have a significant independent effect on DCM onset. Cardiological medications were not administered before DCM onset in this population. We observed trends towards a protective effect of the dominant G allele at SPP1 rs28357094 and recessive T allele at LTBP4 rs10880, which was statistically significant in steroid-treated patients for LTBP4 rs10880 (< 50% T/T patients developing DCM during follow-up [n = 13]; median DCM onset 17.6 years for C/C-C/T, log-rank p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS We report a putative protective effect of DMD genetic modifiers on the development of cardiac complications, that might aid in risk stratification if confirmed in independent cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barp
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bello
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Melacini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Cardiology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Calore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Cardiology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Polo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Cardiology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Vianello
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Semplicini
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Boris Pantic
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Taglia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Picillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Magri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ksenija Gorni
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Milano, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Vita
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo P. Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Ermani
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calvo
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Corrado Angelini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, United States of America
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Holland A, Murphy S, Dowling P, Ohlendieck K. Pathoproteomic profiling of the skeletal muscle matrisome in dystrophinopathy associated myofibrosis. Proteomics 2015; 16:345-66. [PMID: 26256116 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gradual accumulation of collagen and associated proteins of the extracellular matrix is a crucial myopathological parameter of many neuromuscular disorders. Progressive tissue damage and fibrosis play a key pathobiochemical role in the dysregulation of contractile functions and often correlates with poor motor outcome in muscular dystrophies. Following a brief introduction into the role of the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscles, we review here the proteomic profiling of myofibrosis and its intrinsic role in X-linked muscular dystrophy. Although Duchenne muscular dystrophy is primarily a disease of the membrane cytoskeleton, one of its most striking histopathological features is a hyperactive connective tissue and tissue scarring. We outline the identification of novel factors involved in the modulation of the extracellular matrix in muscular dystrophy, such as matricellular proteins. The establishment of novel proteomic markers will be helpful in improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring in relation to fibrotic substitution of contractile tissue. In the future, the prevention of fibrosis will be crucial for providing optimum conditions to apply novel pharmacological treatments, as well as establish cell-based approaches or gene therapeutic interventions. The elimination of secondary abnormalities in the matrisome promises to reduce tissue scarring and the loss of skeletal muscle elasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashling Holland
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Differential roles of MMP-9 in early and late stages of dystrophic muscles in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2170-82. [PMID: 26170062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 is an endopeptidase associated with the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The precise function of MMP-9 in DMD has not been elucidated to date. We investigated the effect of genetic ablation of MMP-9 in the mdx mouse model (mdx/Mmp9(-/-)). At the early disease stage, the muscles of mdx/Mmp9(-/-) mice showed reduced necrosis and neutrophil invasion, accompanied by down-regulation of chemokine MIP-2. In addition, muscle regeneration was enhanced, which coincided with increased macrophage infiltration and upregulation of MCP-1, and resulted in increased muscle strength. The mdx/Mmp9(-/-) mice also displayed accelerated upregulation of osteopontin expression in skeletal muscle at the acute onset phase of dystrophy. However, at a later disease stage, the mice exhibited muscle growth impairment through altered expression of myogenic factors, and increased fibroadipose tissue. These results showed that MMP-9 might have multiple functions during disease progression. Therapy targeting MMP-9 may improve muscle pathology and function at the early disease stage, but continuous inhibition of this protein may result in the accumulation of fibroadipose tissues and reduced muscle strength at the late disease stage.
Collapse
|
34
|
Opposing roles of miR-21 and miR-29 in the progression of fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1451-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
35
|
Bozzi M, Sciandra F, Brancaccio A. Role of gelatinases in pathological and physiological processes involving the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
36
|
Wada E, Yoshida M, Kojima Y, Nonaka I, Ohashi K, Nagata Y, Shiozuka M, Date M, Higashi T, Nishino I, Matsuda R. Dietary phosphorus overload aggravates the phenotype of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3094-104. [PMID: 25174878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked disease with no effective treatment. Progressive muscle degeneration, increased macrophage infiltration, and ectopic calcification are characteristic features of the mdx mouse, a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Because dietary phosphorus/phosphate consumption is increasing and adverse effects of phosphate overloading have been reported in several disease conditions, we examined the effects of dietary phosphorus intake in mdx mice phenotypes. On weaning, control and mdx mice were fed diets containing 0.7, 1.0, or 2.0 g phosphorus per 100 g until they were 90 days old. Dystrophic phenotypes were evaluated in cryosections of quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles, and maximal forces and voluntary activity were measured. Ectopic calcification was analyzed by electron microscopy to determine the cells initially responsible for calcium deposition in skeletal muscle. Dietary phosphorus overload dramatically exacerbated the dystrophic phenotypes of mdx mice by increasing inflammation associated with infiltration of M1 macrophages. In contrast, minimal muscle necrosis and inflammation were observed in exercised mdx mice fed a low-phosphorus diet, suggesting potential beneficial therapeutic effects of lowering dietary phosphorus intake on disease progression. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that dietary phosphorus intake directly affects muscle pathological characteristics of mdx mice. Dietary phosphorus overloading promoted dystrophic disease progression in mdx mice, whereas restricting dietary phosphorus intake improved muscle pathological characteristics and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Wada
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuko Yoshida
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoriko Kojima
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuya Nonaka
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ohashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nagata
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Shiozuka
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehiro Date
- Kobayashi Institute of Physical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dysregulation of matricellular proteins is an early signature of pathology in laminin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:14. [PMID: 25075272 PMCID: PMC4114446 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MDC1A is a congenital neuromuscular disorder with developmentally complex and progressive pathologies that results from a deficiency in the protein laminin α2. MDC1A is associated with a multitude of pathologies, including increased apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. In order to assess and treat a complicated disease such as MDC1A, we must understand the natural history of the disease so that we can identify early disease drivers and pinpoint critical time periods for implementing potential therapies. Results We found that DyW mice show significantly impaired myogenesis and high levels of apoptosis as early as postnatal week 1. We also saw a surge of inflammatory response at the first week, marked by high levels of infiltrating macrophages, nuclear factor κB activation, osteopontin expression and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines. Fibrosis markers and related pathways were also observed to be elevated throughout early postnatal development in these mice, including periostin, collagen and fibronectin gene expression, as well as transforming growth factor β signaling. Interestingly, fibronectin was found to be the predominant fibrous protein of the extracellular matrix in early postnatal development. Lastly, we observed upregulation in various genes related to angiotensin signaling. Methods We sought out to examine the dysregulation of various pathways throughout early development (postnatal weeks 1-4) in the DyW mouse, the most commonly used mouse model of laminin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Muscle function tests (stand-ups and retractions) as well as gene (qRT-PCR) and protein levels (western blot, ELISA), histology (H&E, picrosirius red staining) and immunohistochemistry (fibronectin, TUNEL assay) were used to assess dysregulation of matricelluar protieins. Conclusions Our results implicate the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in driving the earliest stages of pathology in DyW mice. As opposed to classical dystrophies, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the dysregulation of various matricellular proteins appears to be a distinct feature of the early progression of DyW pathology. On the basis of our results, we believe that therapies that may reduce apoptosis and stabilize the homeostasis of extracellular matrix proteins may have increased efficacy if started at a very early age.
Collapse
|
38
|
Fibrosis and inflammation are greater in muscles of beta-sarcoglycan-null mouse than mdx mouse. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:427-43. [PMID: 24723230 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Sgcb-null mouse, with knocked-down β-sarcoglycan, develops severe muscular dystrophy as in type 2E human limb girdle muscular dystrophy. The mdx mouse, lacking dystrophin, is the most used model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Unlike DMD, the mdx mouse has mild clinical features and shows little fibrosis in limb muscles. To characterize ECM protein deposition and the progression of muscle fibrosis, we evaluated protein and transcript levels of collagens I, III and VI, decorin, and TGF-β1, in quadriceps and diaphragm, at 2, 4, 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks in Sgcb-null mice, and protein levels at 12, 26, and 52 weeks in mdx mice. In Sgcb-null mice, severe morphological disruption was present from 4 weeks in both quadriceps and diaphragm, and included conspicuous deposition of extracellular matrix components. Histopathological features of Sgcb-null mouse muscles were similar to those of age-matched mdx muscles at all ages examined, but, in the Sgcb-null mouse, the extent of connective tissue deposition was generally greater than mdx. Furthermore, in the Sgcb-null mouse, the amount of all three collagen isoforms increased steadily, while, in the mdx, they remained stable. We also found that, at 12 weeks, macrophages were significantly more numerous in mildly inflamed areas of Sgcb-null quadriceps compared to mdx quadriceps (but not in highly inflamed regions), while, in the diaphragm, macrophages did not differ significantly between the two models, in either region. Osteopontin mRNA was also significantly greater at 12 weeks in laser-dissected highly inflamed areas of the Sgcb-null quadriceps compared to the mdx quadriceps. TGF-β1 was present in areas of degeneration-regeneration, but levels were highly variable and in general did not differ significantly between the two models and controls. The roles of the various subtypes of macrophages in muscle repair and fibrosis in the two models require further study. The Sgcb-null mouse, which develops early fibrosis in limb muscles, appears more promising than the mdx mouse for probing pathogenetic mechanisms of muscle fibrosis and for developing anti-fibrotic treatments. Highlights • The Sgcb-null mouse develops severe muscular dystrophy, the mdx mouse does not. • Fibrosis developed earlier in Sgcb-null quadriceps and diaphragm than mdx. • Macrophages were commoner in mildly inflamed parts of Sgcb-null quadriceps than mdx. • The Sgcb-null model appears more useful than mdx for studying fibrotic mechanisms. • The Sgcb-null model also appears more useful for developing anti-fibrotic treatments.
Collapse
|
39
|
Osteopontin: A novel regulator at the cross roads of inflammation, obesity and diabetes. Mol Metab 2014; 3:384-93. [PMID: 24944898 PMCID: PMC4060362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first description more than 20 years ago osteopontin has emerged as an active player in many physiological and pathological processes, including biomineralization, tissue remodeling and inflammation. As an extracellular matrix protein and proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin is thought to facilitate the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and to mediate cytokine secretion in leukocytes. Modulation of immune cell response by osteopontin has been associated with various inflammatory diseases and may play a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here we summarize recent findings on the role of osteopontin in metabolic disorders, particularly focusing on diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
|
40
|
Initial pulmonary respiration causes massive diaphragm damage and hyper-CKemia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy dog. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2183. [PMID: 23851606 PMCID: PMC3711052 DOI: 10.1038/srep02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of muscle degeneration in a lethal muscle disorder Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) has not been fully elucidated. The dystrophic dog, a model of DMD, shows a high mortality rate with a marked increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) levels in the neonatal period. By measuring serum CK levels in cord and venous blood, we found initial pulmonary respiration resulted in massive diaphragm damage in the neonates and thereby lead to the high serum CK levels. Furthermore, molecular biological techniques revealed that osteopontin was prominently upregulated in the dystrophic diaphragm prior to the respiration, and that immediate-early genes (c-fos and egr-1) and inflammation/immune response genes (IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and selectin E) were distinctly overexpressed after the damage by the respiration. Hence, we segregated dystrophic phases at the molecular level before and after mechanical damage. These molecules could be biomarkers of muscle damage and potential targets in pharmaceutical therapies.
Collapse
|
41
|
Pagel CN, Wasgewatte Wijesinghe DK, Taghavi Esfandouni N, Mackie EJ. Osteopontin, inflammation and myogenesis: influencing regeneration, fibrosis and size of skeletal muscle. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 8:95-103. [PMID: 24318932 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-013-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is a multifunctional matricellular protein that is expressed by many cell types. Through cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions the molecule elicits a number of responses from a broad range of target cells via its interaction with integrins and the hyaluronan receptor CD44. In many tissues osteopontin has been found to be involved in important physiological and pathological processes, including tissue repair, inflammation and fibrosis. Post-natal skeletal muscle is a highly differentiated and specialised tissue that retains a remarkable capacity for regeneration following injury. Regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the co-ordinated activity of inflammatory cells that infiltrate injured muscle and are responsible for initiating muscle fibre degeneration and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue, and muscle precursor cells that regenerate the injured muscle fibres. This review focuses on the current evidence that osteopontin plays multiple roles in skeletal muscle, with particular emphasis on its role in regeneration and fibrosis following injury, and in determining the severity of myopathic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Pagel
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huynh T, Uaesoontrachoon K, Quinn JL, Tatem KS, Heier CR, Van Der Meulen JH, Yu Q, Harris M, Nolan CJ, Haegeman G, Grounds MD, Nagaraju K. Selective modulation through the glucocorticoid receptor ameliorates muscle pathology in mdx mice. J Pathol 2013; 231:223-35. [PMID: 23794417 DOI: 10.1002/path.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The over-expression of NF-κB signalling in both muscle and immune cells contribute to the pathology in dystrophic muscle. The anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids, mediated predominantly through monomeric glucocorticoid receptor inhibition of transcription factors such as NF-κB (transrepression), are postulated to be an important mechanism for their beneficial effects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chronic glucocorticoid therapy is associated with adverse effects on metabolism, growth, bone mineral density and the maintenance of muscle mass. These detrimental effects result from direct glucocorticoid receptor homodimer interactions with glucocorticoid response elements of the relevant genes. Compound A, a non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator, is capable of transrepression without transactivation. We confirm the in vitro NF-κB inhibitory activity of compound A in H-2K(b) -tsA58 mdx myoblasts and myotubes, and demonstrate improvements in disease phenotype of dystrophin deficient mdx mice. Compound A treatment in mdx mice from 18 days of post-natal age to 8 weeks of age increased the absolute and normalized forelimb and hindlimb grip strength, attenuated cathepsin-B enzyme activity (a surrogate marker for inflammation) in forelimb and hindlimb muscles, decreased serum creatine kinase levels and reduced IL-6, CCL2, IFNγ, TNF and IL-12p70 cytokine levels in gastrocnemius (GA) muscles. Compared with compound A, treatment with prednisolone, a classical glucocorticoid, in both wild-type and mdx mice was associated with reduced body weight, reduced GA, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscle mass and shorter tibial lengths. Prednisolone increased osteopontin (Spp1) gene expression and osteopontin protein levels in the GA muscles of mdx mice and had less favourable effects on the expression of Foxo1, Foxo3, Fbxo32, Trim63, Mstn and Igf1 in GA muscles, as well as hepatic Igf1 in wild-type mice. In conclusion, selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation by compound A represents a potential therapeutic strategy to improve dystrophic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Huynh
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Endocrine Research Unit and the Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Poulos MG, Batra R, Li M, Yuan Y, Zhang C, Darnell RB, Swanson MS. Progressive impairment of muscle regeneration in muscleblind-like 3 isoform knockout mice. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3547-58. [PMID: 23660517 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscleblind-like (MBNL) genes encode alternative splicing factors that are essential for the postnatal development of multiple tissues, and the inhibition of MBNL activity by toxic C(C)UG repeat RNAs is a major pathogenic feature of the neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy. While MBNL1 controls fetal-to-adult splicing transitions in muscle and MBNL2 serves a similar role in the brain, the function of MBNL3 in vivo is unknown. Here, we report that mouse Mbnl3, which encodes protein isoforms that differ in the number of tandem zinc-finger RNA-binding motifs and subcellular localization, is expressed primarily during embryonic development but also transiently during injury-induced adult skeletal muscle regeneration. Mbnl3 expression is required for normal C2C12 myogenic differentiation and high-throughput sequencing combined with cross-linking/immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that Mbnl3 binds preferentially to the 3' untranslated regions of genes implicated in cell growth and proliferation. In addition, Mbnl3ΔE2 isoform knockout mice, which fail to express the major Mbnl3 nuclear isoform, show age-dependent delays in injury-induced muscle regeneration and impaired muscle function. These results suggest that Mbnl3 inhibition by toxic RNA expression may be a contributing factor to the progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting characteristic of myotonic dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Poulos
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Genetics Institute and the Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zanotti S, Gibertini S, Savadori P, Mantegazza R, Mora M. Duchenne muscular dystrophy fibroblast nodules: a cell-based assay for screening anti-fibrotic agents. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:659-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|