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Hoenle PO, Plowman NS, Matos-Maraví P, de Bello F, Bishop TR, Libra M, Idigel C, Rimandai M, Klimes P. Forest disturbance increases functional diversity but decreases phylogenetic diversity of an arboreal tropical ant community. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:501-516. [PMID: 38409804 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tropical rainforest trees host a diverse arthropod fauna that can be characterised by their functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD). Human disturbance degrades tropical forests, often coinciding with species invasion and altered assembly that leads to a decrease in FD and PD. Tree canopies are thought to be particularly vulnerable, but rarely investigated. Here, we studied the effects of forest disturbance on an ecologically important invertebrate group, the ants, in a lowland rainforest in New Guinea. We compared an early successional disturbed plot (secondary forest) to an old-growth plot (primary forest) by exhaustively sampling their ant communities in a total of 852 trees. We expected that for each tree community (1) disturbance would decrease FD and PD in tree-dwelling ants, mediated through species invasion. (2) Disturbance would decrease ant trait variation due to a more homogeneous environment. (3) The main drivers behind these changes would be different contributions of true tree-nesting species and visiting species. We calculated FD and PD based on a species-level phylogeny and 10 ecomorphological traits. Furthermore, we assessed by data exclusion the influence of species, which were not nesting in individual trees (visitors) or only nesting species (nesters), and of non-native species on FD and PD. Primary forests had higher ant species richness and PD than secondary forest. However, we consistently found increased FD in secondary forest. This pattern was robust even if we decoupled functional and phylogenetic signals, or if non-native ant species were excluded from the data. Visitors did not contribute strongly to FD, but they increased PD and their community weighted trait means often varied from nesters. Moreover, all community-weighted trait means changed after forest disturbance. Our finding of contradictory FD and PD patterns highlights the importance of integrative measures of diversity. Our results indicate that the tree community trait diversity is not negatively affected, but possibly even enhanced by disturbance. Therefore, the functional diversity of arboreal ants is relatively robust when compared between old-growth and young trees. However, further study with higher plot-replication is necessary to solidify and generalise our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Hoenle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nichola S Plowman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC-UV-GV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tom R Bishop
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Libra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cliffson Idigel
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Maling Rimandai
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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2
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Bispo LF, Demolin-Leite GL, Fagundes WM, Abreu AMSA, Santos JMMD, Oliveira FMM, Silva VJ, Souza TO, Silva YOR, Amaral FL. Recovery of a degraded area using Platycyamus regnellii (Fabaceae) saplings. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e278702. [PMID: 38126588 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.278702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L F Bispo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - G L Demolin-Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - W M Fagundes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - A M S A Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J M M Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - F M M Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - V J Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - T O Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Y O R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - F L Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
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Adams BJ, Gora EM, Donaldson-Matasci MC, Robinson EJH, Powell S. Competition and habitat availability interact to structure arboreal ant communities across scales of ecological organization. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231290. [PMID: 37752835 PMCID: PMC10523074 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how resource limitation and biotic interactions interact across spatial scales is fundamental to explaining the structure of ecological communities. However, empirical studies addressing this issue are often hindered by logistical constraints, especially at local scales. Here, we use a highly tractable arboreal ant study system to explore the interactive effects of resource availability and competition on community structure across three local scales: an individual tree, the nest network created by each colony and the individual ant nest. On individual trees, the ant assemblages are primarily shaped by availability of dead wood, a critical nesting resource. The nest networks within a tree are constrained by the availability of nesting resources but also influenced by the co-occurring species. Within individual nests, the distribution of adult ants is only affected by distance to interspecific competitors. These findings demonstrate that resource limitation exerts the strongest effects on diversity at higher levels of local ecological organization, transitioning to a stronger effect of species interactions at finer scales. Collectively, these results highlight that the process exerting the strongest influence on community structure is highly dependent on the scale at which we examine the community, with shifts occurring even across fine-grained local scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Evan M. Gora
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Mendonça-Santos RG, Antoniazzi R, Camarota F, dos Reis YT, Viana-Junior AB. Scattered trees as crucial elements in maintaining urban diversity: A case study with canopy ants in a biodiversity hotspot. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2023.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Hoenle PO, Staab M, Donoso DA, Argoti A, Blüthgen N. Stratification and recovery time jointly shape ant functional reassembly in a neotropical forest. J Anim Ecol 2023. [PMID: 36748273 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microhabitat differentiation of species communities such as vertical stratification in tropical forests contributes to species coexistence and thus biodiversity. However, little is known about how the extent of stratification changes during forest recovery and influences community reassembly. Environmental filtering determines community reassembly in time (succession) and in space (stratification), hence functional and phylogenetic composition of species communities are highly dynamic. It is poorly understood if and how these two concurrent filters-forest recovery and stratification-interact. In a tropical forest chronosequence in Ecuador spanning 34 years of natural recovery, we investigated the recovery trajectory of ant communities in three overlapping strata (ground, leaf litter, lower tree trunk) by quantifying 13 traits, as well as the functional and phylogenetic diversity of the ants. We expected that functional and phylogenetic diversity would increase with recovery time and that each ant community within each stratum would show a distinct functional reassembly. We predicted that traits related to ant diet would show divergent trajectories reflecting an increase in niche differentiation with recovery time. On the other hand, traits related to the abiotic environment were predicted to show convergent trajectories due to a more similar microclimate across strata with increasing recovery age. Most of the functional traits and the phylogenetic diversity of the ants were clearly stratified, confirming previous findings. However, neither functional nor phylogenetic diversity increased with recovery time. Community-weighted trait means had complex relationships to recovery time and the majority were shaped by a statistical interaction between recovery time and stratum, confirming our expectations. However, most trait trajectories converged among strata with increasing recovery time regardless of whether they were related to ant diet or environmental conditions. We confirm the hypothesized interaction among environmental filters during the functional reassembly in tropical forests. Communities in individual strata respond differently to recovery, and possible filter mechanisms likely arise from both abiotic (e.g. microclimate) and biotic (e.g. diet) conditions. Since vertical stratification is prevalent across animal and plant taxa, our results highlight the importance of stratum-specific analysis in dynamic ecosystems and may generalize beyond ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Hoenle
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David A Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador.,Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adriana Argoti
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Induced drought strongly affects richness and composition of ground-dwelling ants in the eastern Amazon. Oecologia 2023; 201:299-309. [PMID: 36645473 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Species loss in tropical regions is forecast to occur under environmental change scenarios of low precipitation. One of the main questions is how drought will affect invertebrates, a key group for ecosystem functioning. We use 1 year of data from a long-term rainwater exclusion experiment in primary Amazonian rainforest to test whether induced water stress and covarying changes in soil moisture, soil respiration, and tree species richness, diversity, size, and total biomass affected species richness and composition (relative abundance) of ground-dwelling ants. Data on ant abundance and environmental variables were collected at two sites (control and experimental) in the Eastern Amazon. Since 2002, drought has been induced in the experimental plot by excluding 50% of normal rainfall. Ant species richness in the experiment plot was reduced and some generalist species responded positively. Ant species richness also increased in the experimental plot with increasing diversity of the plant species of the leaf litter. The relative abundance of ants differed between plots. The experimental plot was characterized by a higher frequency of generalist and other species that appeared to be favored by the reduction in rainfall. Between-plot comparisons suggested loss and changes in ant species composition in tropical forests were affected by increasing dryness. These changes could ultimately lead to cascading effects on ecosystem processes and the services they mediate.
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7
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Xing S, Hood ASC, Dial RJ, Fayle TM. Species turnover in ant assemblages is greater horizontally than vertically in the world's tallest tropical forest. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9158. [PMID: 35919394 PMCID: PMC9336171 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic factors structure species assembly in ecosystems both horizontally and vertically. However, the way community composition changes along comparable horizontal and vertical distances in complex three‐dimensional habitats, and the factors driving these patterns, remains poorly understood. By sampling ant assemblages at comparable vertical and horizontal spatial scales in a tropical rainforest, we tested hypotheses that predicted differences in vertical and horizontal turnover explained by different drivers in vertical and horizontal space. These drivers included environmental filtering, such as microclimate (temperature, humidity, and photosynthetic photon flux density) and microhabitat connectivity (leaf area), which are structured differently across vertical and horizontal space. We found that both ant abundance and richness decreased significantly with increasing vertical height. Although the dissimilarity between ant assemblages increased with vertical distance, indicating a clear distance‐decay pattern, the dissimilarity was higher horizontally where it appeared independent of distance. The pronounced horizontal and vertical structuring of ant assemblages across short distances is likely explained by a combination of microclimate and microhabitat connectivity. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering three‐dimensional spatial variation in local assemblages and reveal how highly diverse communities can be supported by complex habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xing
- School of Ecology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Amelia S. C. Hood
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Roman J. Dial
- Institute of Culture and Environment Alaska Pacific University Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Tom M. Fayle
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
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Flatt E, Basto A, Pinto C, Ortiz J, Navarro K, Reed N, Brumberg H, Chaverri MH, Whitworth A. Arboreal wildlife bridges in the tropical rainforest of Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Linear infrastructures, especially roads, affect the integrity of natural habitats worldwide. Roads act as a barrier to animal movement, cause mortality, decrease gene flow and increase the probability of local extinctions, particularly for arboreal species. Arboreal wildlife bridges increase connectivity of fragmented forests by allowing wildlife to safely traverse roads. However, the majority of studies about such infrastructure are from Australia, while information on lowland tropical rainforest systems in Meso and South America remains sparse. To better facilitate potential movement between forest areas for the arboreal wildlife community of Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula, we installed and monitored the early use of 12 arboreal wildlife bridges of three different designs (single rope, double rope, and ladder bridges). We show that during the first 6 months of monitoring via camera traps, 7 of the 12 bridges were used, and all bridge designs experienced wildlife activity (mammals crossing and birds perching). A total of 5 mammal species crossing and 3 bird species perching were observed. In addition to preliminary results of wildlife usage, we also provide technical information on the bridge site selection process, bridge construction steps, installation time, and overall associated costs of each design. Finally, we highlight aspects to be tested in the future, including additional bridge designs, monitoring approaches, and the use of wildlife attractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Flatt
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Arianna Basto
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Carolina Pinto
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | | | - Kassandra Navarro
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- National University of Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Neil Reed
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Hilary Brumberg
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- Environmental Studies Department, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marco Hidalgo Chaverri
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- National University of Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Andrew Whitworth
- Osa Conservation, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Costa MMSD, Schmidt FA. Gamma, alpha, and beta diversity of ant assemblages response to a gradient of forest cover in human‐modified landscape in Brazilian Amazon. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marília Maria Silva da Costa
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC) Rio Branco Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Schmidt
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC) Rio Branco Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza UFAC Rio Branco Brazil
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Brant HSC, da Silva PG, de Castro FS, Perillo LN, de Siqueira Neves F. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ant Metacommunity in a Montane Forest Archipelago. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:886-898. [PMID: 34292497 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Naturally fragmented landscapes are adequate systems for evaluating patterns and mechanisms that determine species distribution without confounding effects of anthropogenic fragmentation and habitat loss. We aimed to evaluate an ant metacommunity's spatiotemporal patterns in montane forest islands amid a grassland-dominated matrix. We assessed these patterns by deconstructing the ant metacommunity into forest-dependent and habitat generalist species. We sampled twice a year (summer and winter) over 2 years (2014 and 2015), using soil and arboreal pitfall traps, in fourteen forest islands (varying in size, shape, and connectivity) in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, Brazil. We evaluated the relationship between ant species richness, composition (β-diversity), and predictor variables of forest island structure (canopy cover and understory density) and landscape structure (forest amount, number of forest islands, and shape). We sampled 99 ant species, 66.7% of which were classified as forest-dependent and 33.3% as habitat generalist species. We found that ant β-diversity was higher in space than in time, and that species composition variation in time (temporal β-diversity) differed between ant species groups. Both ant groups responded differently to forest island and landscape structure characteristics. Landscape structure seems to act as a spatial filter and the forest islands' local characteristics as an environmental filter, which jointly determine the local and regional diversity. We demonstrate the importance that forest archipelagos pose to ant metacommunity's structure and dynamics in montane tropical regions. Mountaintop conservation and management strategies must consider the forest island archipelago to maintain the biodiversity and the functioning of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Soares Caldeira Brant
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Univ Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Giovâni da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Siqueira de Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Neves Perillo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Bocaina Biologia da Conservação, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico de Siqueira Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Univ Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Depto de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Leponce M, Corbara B, Delabie JH, Orivel J, Aberlenc HP, Bail J, Barrios H, Campos RI, do Nascimento IC, Compin A, Didham RK, Floren A, Medianero E, Ribeiro SP, Roisin Y, Schmidl J, Tishechkin AK, Winchester NN, Basset Y, Dejean A. Spatial and functional structure of an entire ant assemblage in a lowland Panamanian rainforest. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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DaRocha W, Antoniazzi R, Delabie JHC, Schroth G, Fernandes GW, Neves FS. Disentangling the factors that shape bromeliad and ant communities in the canopies of cocoa agroforestry and preserved Atlantic Forest. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley DaRocha
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia CEPEC/CEPLAC Itabuna Brazil
| | - Reuber Antoniazzi
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches Texas USA
| | - Jacques H. C. Delabie
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia CEPEC/CEPLAC Itabuna Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambiental Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo W. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Frederico S. Neves
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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13
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Ecosystem engineering in the arboreal realm: heterogeneity of wood-boring beetle cavities and their use by cavity-nesting ants. Oecologia 2021; 196:427-439. [PMID: 33970331 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Wood-boring beetle larvae act as ecosystem engineers by creating stem cavities that are used secondarily as nests by many arboreal ant species. Understanding the heterogeneity and distribution of available cavities and their use by ants is therefore key to understanding arboreal ant community assembly and diversity. Our goals were to quantify the abundance and diversity of beetle-produced cavity resources in a tropical canopy, reveal how ants use these resources, and determine which characteristics of the cavity resource contribute to ant use. We dissected branches from six common tree species in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna, measuring cavity characteristics and identifying the occupants. We sampled 2310 individual cavities, 576 of which were used as nests by 25 arboreal ant species. We found significant differences among tree species in the proportion of stem length bored by beetles, the number of cavities per stem length, average entrance-hole size, and the distribution of cavity volumes. The likelihood that a cavity was occupied was greater for cavities with larger entrance-hole sizes and larger volumes. In particular, there was a strong positive correlation between mean head diameters of ant species and the mean entrance-hole diameter of the cavities occupied by those ant species. Wood-boring beetles contribute to the structuring of the Cerrado ant community by differentially attacking the available tree species. In so doing, the beetles provide a wide range of entrance-hole sizes which ant species partition based on their body size, and large volume cavities that ants appear to prefer.
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14
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Priest GV, Camarota F, Vasconcelos HL, Powell S, Marquis RJ. Active modification of cavity nest‐entrances is a common strategy in arboreal ants. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galen V. Priest
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri‐St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
| | - Flávio Camarota
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brazil
| | | | - Scott Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Robert J. Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri‐St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
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15
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Neves FS, Antoniazzi R, Camarota F, Pacelhe FT, Powell S. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the ant community in a dry forest differ by vertical strata but not by successional stage. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico S. Neves
- Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Reuber Antoniazzi
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Flávio Camarota
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Fábio T. Pacelhe
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Scott Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
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16
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Distance–decay patterns differ between canopy and ground ant assemblages in a tropical rainforest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBoth decreases in compositional similarity with increasing geographic distances between sites (i.e. distance–decay relationship) and vertical stratification of species composition are key issues in ecology. However, the intersection between these two trends has scarcely been investigated. Here we use identical sampling methods in the canopy and at ground level in a tropical rainforest remnant on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to evaluate, for the first time, a distance–decay relationship within vertical strata in insect assemblages. We found that the ant assemblage was vertically stratified; ant species richness was higher at ground level than in the canopy, and the species composition differed between the two vertical strata. Moreover, we observed that β-diversity increased with geographic distance at ground level, but not in the canopy strata. However, contrary to our prediction, there was less species turnover (lower β-diversity) between vertical strata than between trees. These findings may reflect differences in the dispersal capacity and nest habit of ants from each vertical stratum, and also habitat heterogeneity on the horizontal scale, e.g. the species of sampled trees. Our results illustrate the importance of sampling more than one vertical stratum to understand the spatial distribution patterns of biological diversity in tropical rainforests.
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17
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Longino JT, Colwell RK. The arboreal ants of a Neotropical rain forest show high species density and comprise one third of the ant fauna. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Longino
- Department of Biology The University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
- University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Boulder CO USA
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18
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Volf M, Klimeš P, Lamarre GPA, Redmond CM, Seifert CL, Abe T, Auga J, Anderson-Teixeira K, Basset Y, Beckett S, Butterill PT, Drozd P, Gonzalez-Akre E, Kaman O, Kamata N, Laird-Hopkins B, Libra M, Manumbor M, Miller SE, Molem K, Mottl O, Murakami M, Nakaji T, Plowman NS, Pyszko P, Šigut M, Šipoš J, Tropek R, Weiblen GD, Novotny V. Quantitative assessment of plant-arthropod interactions in forest canopies: A plot-based approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222119. [PMID: 31644586 PMCID: PMC6808442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on canopy arthropods has progressed from species inventories to the study of their interactions and networks, enhancing our understanding of how hyper-diverse communities are maintained. Previous studies often focused on sampling individual tree species, individual trees or their parts. We argue that such selective sampling is not ideal when analyzing interaction network structure, and may lead to erroneous conclusions. We developed practical and reproducible sampling guidelines for the plot-based analysis of arthropod interaction networks in forest canopies. Our sampling protocol focused on insect herbivores (leaf-chewing insect larvae, miners and gallers) and non-flying invertebrate predators (spiders and ants). We quantitatively sampled the focal arthropods from felled trees, or from trees accessed by canopy cranes or cherry pickers in 53 0.1 ha forest plots in five biogeographic regions, comprising 6,280 trees in total. All three methods required a similar sampling effort and provided good foliage accessibility. Furthermore, we compared interaction networks derived from plot-based data to interaction networks derived from simulated non-plot-based data focusing either on common tree species or a representative selection of tree families. All types of non-plot-based data showed highly biased network structure towards higher connectance, higher web asymmetry, and higher nestedness temperature when compared with plot-based data. Furthermore, some types of non-plot-based data showed biased diversity of the associated herbivore species and specificity of their interactions. Plot-based sampling thus appears to be the most rigorous approach for reconstructing realistic, quantitative plant-arthropod interaction networks that are comparable across sites and regions. Studies of plant interactions have greatly benefited from a plot-based approach and we argue that studies of arthropod interactions would benefit in the same way. We conclude that plot-based studies on canopy arthropods would yield important insights into the processes of interaction network assembly and dynamics, which could be maximised via a coordinated network of plot-based study sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Petr Klimeš
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Greg P. A. Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Conor M. Redmond
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo L. Seifert
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomokazu Abe
- Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - John Auga
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kristina Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal, VA, United States of America
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Yves Basset
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Maestria de Entomologia, Universidad de Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Saul Beckett
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Philip T. Butterill
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Erika Gonzalez-Akre
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal, VA, United States of America
| | - Ondřej Kaman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Naoto Kamata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Furano, Japan
| | - Benita Laird-Hopkins
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Libra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Manumbor
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Molem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ondřej Mottl
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tatsuro Nakaji
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Tomakomai, Japan
| | - Nichola S. Plowman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyszko
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šigut
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šipoš
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Tropek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George D. Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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19
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Adams BJ, Gora EM, Breugel M, Estrada‐Villegas S, Schnitzer SA, Hall JS, Yanoviak SP. Do lianas shape ant communities in an early successional tropical forest? Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Adams
- Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
- Urban Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Evan M. Gora
- Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
| | - Michiel Breugel
- Yale‐NUS College Singapore Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Sergio Estrada‐Villegas
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences Marquette University Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Stefan A. Schnitzer
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences Marquette University Milwaukee WI USA
| | | | - Stephen P. Yanoviak
- Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
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20
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Hethcoat MG, King BJ, Castiblanco FF, Ortiz-Sepúlveda CM, Achiardi FCP, Edwards FA, Medina C, Gilroy JJ, Haugaasen T, Edwards DP. The impact of secondary forest regeneration on ground-dwelling ant communities in the Tropical Andes. Oecologia 2019; 191:475-482. [PMID: 31485850 PMCID: PMC6763530 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural regeneration of abandoned farmland provides an important opportunity to contribute to global reforestation targets, including the Bonn Challenge. Of particular importance are the montane tropics, where a long history of farming, frequently on marginal soils, has rendered many ecosystems highly degraded and hotspots of extinction risk. Ants play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning, and a key question is how time since abandonment and elevation (and inherent temperature gradients therein) affect patterns of ant recovery within secondary forest systems. Focusing on the Colombian Andes across a 1300 m altitudinal gradient and secondary forest (2-30 years) recovering on abandoned cattle pastures, we find that over time ant community composition and species richness recovered towards that of primary forest. However, these relationships are strongly dependent on elevation with the more open and warmer pasturelands supporting more ants than either primary or secondary forest at a particular elevation. The loss of species richness and change in species composition with elevation is less severe in pasture than forests, suggesting that conditions within pasture and its remaining scattered trees, hedgerows and forest fragments, are more favourable for some species, which are likely in or near thermal debt. Promoting and protecting natural regenerating forests over the long term in the montane tropics will likely offer significant potential for returning ant communities towards primary forest levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Hethcoat
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Bethany J King
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | | | | | - Felicity A Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Claudia Medina
- Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A#15-09, Bogota, Colombia
| | - James J Gilroy
- School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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21
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Mottl O, Plowman NS, Novotny V, Gewa B, Rimandai M, Klimes P. Secondary succession has surprisingly low impact on arboreal ant communities in tropical montane rainforest. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Mottl
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branisovska 1160/31 Ceske Budejovice 370 05 Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branisovska 1760 Ceske Budejovice 370 05 Czech Republic
| | - Nichola S. Plowman
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branisovska 1160/31 Ceske Budejovice 370 05 Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branisovska 1760 Ceske Budejovice 370 05 Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branisovska 1160/31 Ceske Budejovice 370 05 Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branisovska 1760 Ceske Budejovice 370 05 Czech Republic
| | - Bradley Gewa
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center P.O. Box 604 Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Maling Rimandai
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center P.O. Box 604 Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branisovska 1160/31 Ceske Budejovice 370 05 Czech Republic
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22
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Whitworth A, Beirne C, Pillco Huarcaya R, Whittaker L, Serrano Rojas SJ, Tobler MW, MacLeod R. Human disturbance impacts on rainforest mammals are most notable in the canopy, especially for larger‐bodied species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Whitworth
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
- Osa Conservation Washington District of Columbia
- The Crees Foundation Cusco Peru
| | - Christopher Beirne
- The Crees Foundation Cusco Peru
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences University Exeter Cornwall UK
| | - Ruthmery Pillco Huarcaya
- Osa Conservation Washington District of Columbia
- The Crees Foundation Cusco Peru
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC) Cusco Peru
| | | | - Shirley Jennifer Serrano Rojas
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
- The Crees Foundation Cusco Peru
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC) Cusco Peru
| | - Mathias W. Tobler
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research Escondido California
| | - Ross MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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23
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Antoniazzi R, Garro RNSL, Dáttilo W, Ribeiro SP, Neves FS. Ant species richness and interactions in canopies of two distinct successional stages in a tropical dry forest. Naturwissenschaften 2019; 106:20. [PMID: 31041541 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Canopy ecology is a fast-growing field, but still a scientific frontier in many ecological aspects. For instance, the hypothesis that tree traits shape patterns in ant-plant interactions lacks data, notably for tropical canopies in different successional stages. In this study, we investigated canopy traits, such as tree height, the presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), connectivity among tree crowns, and successional stage, structure ant-tree interactions in a tropical dry forest (TDF), examining whether these are the determinant factors for ant species richness. We collected ants on trees in early and late successional stages over 2 years, in rainy and dry seasons. In the late successional stage, ant species richness was greater in the taller trees; in the early successional stage, the smallest trees had a greater ant species richness than the taller trees. The EFNs and connectivity among treetops had no effect on ant species richness. We obtained a tree-ant network of the early successional stage, involving 786 interactions among 57 ant species and 75 trees; in the late successional stage, the network had 914 interactions among 60 ant species and 75 trees. There were 27 species of trees in our study, 11 of which (40.7% of all individual trees) had EFNs. The ant-plant interactions were not randomly distributed, suggesting that various biotic factors structured the ant assemblies. This study presents new insights into ant-tree interactions, showing that both tree height and successional stage influence the occurrence of many species of ants in tree canopies of tropical dry forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuber Antoniazzi
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Raphael N S L Garro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sérvio P Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecohealth e Ecologia de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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24
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Bujan J, Wright SJ, Kaspari M. Biogeochemistry and forest composition shape nesting patterns of a dominant canopy ant. Oecologia 2018; 189:221-230. [PMID: 30506443 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans are increasing nutrient deposition across the globe, and we know little about how these changes influence consumer populations in tropical rainforests. We used a long-term fertilization experiment conducted in a Panamanian forest to explore how nutrient availability and tree traits affect abundance of a higher-level consumer. We added nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a factorial design for 18 years. Given that phosphorus often limits ecosystem processes in lowland tropical forests, and added nitrogen reduces insect abundance in our experiment, we first hypothesized that phosphorus addition would increase nest density and nest size of Azteca chartifex ants while nitrogen addition would have the opposite effects. We found 48% lower nest density in the canopy of nitrogen addition plots relative to plots that did not receive nitrogen. Phosphorus addition did not affect nest density or size. These nutrient effects were not diminished by the selectivity of host trees. In general, larger trees held more nests, despite their low frequencies across the forest, while some abundant species (e.g., palms) were rarely used. We further predicted higher nest frequency on trees with extrafloral nectaries, because this ant fuels its large colonies with extrafloral nectar. Despite the non-random distribution of A. chartifex nests, across tree species and nutrient treatments, trees with extrafloral nectaries did not host more nests. Our study suggests that areas of a tropical lowland forest which are not oversaturated with nitrogen, and contain large trees, have higher nest density. This could enable A. chartifex in similar areas to outcompete other ants due to high abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bujan
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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25
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Walter B, Graclik A, Tryjanowski P, Wasielewski O. Ants Response to Human-Induced Disturbance in a Rain Tropical Forest. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:757-762. [PMID: 30141120 PMCID: PMC6267389 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A high rate of human-induced disturbance of tropical ecosystems results in enormous loss of biodiversity due to local extinctions. Yet, mechanisms at the population level that lead to the extinction are still poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that human-induced disturbance results in smaller amount of nesting sites for wood-dwelling arthropods that leads to smaller population size and diminished reproduction, and therefore, may promote local extinctions. We completed censuses in less-disturbed and human-disturbed secondary rain forest plots in Puerto Rico. We measured population size and brood production in wood-nesting ants and examined whether these parameters differ between less-disturbed and more-disturbed habitats. In addition, we measured volume of wood parts of all inhabited and potential nesting sites to assess nest site availability. We found that more human-disturbed forests furnish smaller nest sites, resulting in diminished population size and lowered brood production. Our study shows that human-induced disturbance decreases volume of available nesting sites that leads to decreased population size and lowered reproduction. Thus, in addition to the well-documented loss of species richness in human-disturbed tropical habitats, we demonstrated the direct effect of the disturbance that may promote vulnerability of local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Walter
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Graclik
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - O Wasielewski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland.
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26
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Dejean A, Orivel J, Leponce M, Compin A, Delabie JHC, Azémar F, Corbara B. Ant–plant relationships in the canopy of an Amazonian rainforest: the presence of an ant mosaic. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dejean
- Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Jérôme Orivel
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Maurice Leponce
- Biodiversity Monitoring & Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Brussels, Belgium
- Behavioural & Evolutionary Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Compin
- Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques H C Delabie
- U.P.A. Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio UESC/CEPLAC, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Corbara
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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27
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Grevé ME, Hager J, Weisser WW, Schall P, Gossner MM, Feldhaar H. Effect of forest management on temperate ant communities. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Grevé
- Animal Population Ecology; Animal Ecology I; Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Jörg Hager
- Animal Population Ecology; Animal Ecology I; Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones; Faculty of Forest Sciences; University of Göttingen; D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Forest Entomology; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf CH-8903 Switzerland
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Population Ecology; Animal Ecology I; Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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28
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Ribeiro LF, Solar RRC, Muscardi DC, Schoereder JH, Andersen AN. Extrafloral nectar as a driver of arboreal ant communities at the site-scale in Brazilian savanna. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Fieto Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário CEP 36570-000 Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. C. Solar
- Departamento de Biologia Geral; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Dalana C. Muscardi
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; São Mateus ES Brazil
| | - José H. Schoereder
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário CEP 36570-000 Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - Alan N. Andersen
- Research School for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Darwin Northern Territory Australia
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29
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Philpott SM, Serber Z, De la Mora A. Influences of Species Interactions With Aggressive Ants and Habitat Filtering on Nest Colonization and Community Composition of Arboreal Twig-Nesting Ants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:309-317. [PMID: 29506257 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ant community assembly is driven by many factors including species interactions (e.g., competition, predation, parasitism), habitat filtering (e.g., vegetation differences, microclimate, food and nesting resources), and dispersal. Canopy ant communities, including dominant and twig-nesting ants, are structured by all these different factors, but we know less about the impacts of species interactions and habitat filters acting at the colonization or recruitment stage. We examined occupation of artificial twig nests placed in shade trees in coffee agroecosystems. We asked whether species interactions-aggression from the dominant canopy ant, Azteca sericeasur Longino (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)-or habitat filtering-species of tree where nests were placed or surrounding vegetation-influence colonization, species richness, and community composition of twig-nesting ants. We found 20 species of ants occupying artificial nests. Nest occupation was lower on trees with A. sericeasur, but did not differ depending on tree species or surrounding vegetation. Yet, there were species-specific differences in occupation depending on A. sericeasur presence and tree species. Ant species richness did not vary with A. sericeasur presence or tree species. Community composition varied with A. sericeasur presence and surrounding vegetation. Our results suggest that species interactions with dominant ants are important determinants of colonization and community composition of twig-nesting ants. Habitat filtering at the level of tree species did not have strong effects on twig-nesting ants, but changes in coffee management may contribute to differences in community composition with important implications for ant conservation in agricultural landscapes, as well as biological control of coffee pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Philpott
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Zachary Serber
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Aldo De la Mora
- ECOSUR, Departamento de Entomología Tropical, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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30
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Dvořáčková M, Pech P, Prausová R, Horák J. Diversity of Ant Community in Ore Sedimentation Basin under Different Regimes of Reclamation. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.2.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Pech
- Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Prausová
- Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Horák
- Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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31
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Gray REJ, Ewers RM, Boyle MJW, Chung AYC, Gill RJ. Effect of tropical forest disturbance on the competitive interactions within a diverse ant community. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5131. [PMID: 29572517 PMCID: PMC5865194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how anthropogenic disturbance influences patterns of community composition and the reinforcing interactive processes that structure communities is important to mitigate threats to biodiversity. Competition is considered a primary reinforcing process, yet little is known concerning disturbance effects on competitive interaction networks. We examined how differences in ant community composition between undisturbed and disturbed Bornean rainforest, is potentially reflected by changes in competitive interactions over a food resource. Comparing 10 primary forest sites to 10 in selectively-logged forest, we found higher genus richness and diversity in the primary forest, with 18.5% and 13.0% of genera endemic to primary and logged respectively. From 180 hours of filming bait cards, we assessed ant-ant interactions, finding that despite considered aggression over food sources, the majority of ant interactions were neutral. Proportion of competitive interactions at bait cards did not differ between forest type, however, the rate and per capita number of competitive interactions was significantly lower in logged forest. Furthermore, the majority of genera showed large changes in aggression-score with often inverse relationships to their occupancy rank. This provides evidence of a shuffled competitive network, and these unexpected changes in aggressive relationships could be considered a type of competitive network re-wiring after disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross E J Gray
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Robert M Ewers
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Michael J W Boyle
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Arthur Y C Chung
- Forest Research Centre, Forestry Department, P.O. Box 1407, 90715, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Richard J Gill
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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32
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Griffiths HM, Ashton LA, Walker AE, Hasan F, Evans TA, Eggleton P, Parr CL. Ants are the major agents of resource removal from tropical rainforests. J Anim Ecol 2017; 87:293-300. [PMID: 28791685 PMCID: PMC6849798 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ants are diverse and abundant, especially in tropical ecosystems. They are often cited as the agents of key ecological processes, but their precise contributions compared with other organisms have rarely been quantified. Through the removal of food resources from the forest floor and subsequent transport to nests, ants play an important role in the redistribution of nutrients in rainforests. This is an essential ecosystem process and a key energetic link between higher trophic levels, decomposers and primary producers. We used the removal of carbohydrate, protein and seed baits as a proxy to quantify the contribution that ants, other invertebrates and vertebrates make to the redistribution of nutrients around the forest floor, and determined to what extent there is functional redundancy across ants, other invertebrate and vertebrate groups. Using a large‐scale, field‐based manipulation experiment, we suppressed ants from c. 1 ha plots in a lowland tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia. Using a combination of treatment and control plots, and cages to exclude vertebrates, we made food resources available to: (i) the whole foraging community, (ii) only invertebrates and (iii) only non‐ant invertebrates. This allowed us to partition bait removal into that taken by vertebrates, non‐ant invertebrates and ants. Additionally, we examined how the non‐ant invertebrate community responded to ant exclusion. When the whole foraging community had access to food resources, we found that ants were responsible for 52% of total bait removal whilst vertebrates and non‐ant invertebrates removed the remaining 48%. Where vertebrates were excluded, ants carried out 61% of invertebrate‐mediated bait removal, with all other invertebrates removing the remaining 39%. Vertebrates were responsible for just 24% of bait removal and invertebrates (including ants) collectively removed the remaining 76%. There was no compensation in bait removal rate when ants and vertebrates were excluded, indicating low functional redundancy between these groups. This study is the first to quantify the contribution of ants to the removal of food resources from rainforest floors and thus nutrient redistribution. We demonstrate that ants are functionally unique in this role because no other organisms compensated to maintain bait removal rate in their absence. As such, we strengthen a growing body of evidence establishing ants as ecosystem engineers, and provide new insights into the role of ants in maintaining key ecosystem processes. In this way, we further our basic understanding of the functioning of tropical rainforest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Griffiths
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise A Ashton
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Alice E Walker
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fevziye Hasan
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Theodore A Evans
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Catherine L Parr
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa.,Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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33
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Phillips HRP, Newbold T, Purvis A. Land-use effects on local biodiversity in tropical forests vary between continents. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2017; 26:2251-2270. [PMID: 32025108 PMCID: PMC6979682 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-017-1356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, especially in the tropics where secondary and plantation forests are expanding while primary forest is declining. Understanding how well these disturbed habitats maintain biodiversity is therefore important-specifically how the maturity of secondary forest and the management intensity of plantation forest affect levels of biodiversity. Previous studies have shown that the biotas of different continents respond differently to land use. Any continental differences in the response could be due to differences in land-use intensity and maturity of secondary vegetation or to differences among species in their sensitivity to disturbances. We tested these hypotheses using an extensive dataset collated from published biodiversity comparisons within four tropical regions-Asia, Africa, Central America and South America-and a wide range of animal and plant taxa. We analysed responses to land use of several aspects of biodiversity-species richness, species composition and endemicity-allowing a more detailed comparison than in previous syntheses. Within each continent, assemblages from secondary vegetation of all successional stages retained species richness comparable to those in primary vegetation, but community composition was distinct, especially in younger secondary vegetation. Plantation forests, particularly the most intensively managed, supported a smaller-and very distinct-set of species from sites in primary vegetation. Responses to land use did vary significantly among continents, with the biggest difference in richness between plantation and primary forests in Asia. Responses of individual taxonomic groups did not differ strongly among continents, giving little indication that species were inherently more sensitive in Asia than elsewhere. We show that oil palm plantations support particularly low species richness, indicating that continental differences in the response of biodiversity to land use are perhaps more likely explained by Asia's high prevalence of oil palm plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R. P. Phillips
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, London, SL5 7PY UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
- Present Address: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Newbold
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, London, SL5 7PY UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
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34
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Camarota F, Powell S, S Melo A, Priest G, J Marquis R, L Vasconcelos H. Co-occurrence patterns in a diverse arboreal ant community are explained more by competition than habitat requirements. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8907-8918. [PMID: 28035279 PMCID: PMC5192950 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of community ecology is to identify the patterns of species associations and the processes that shape them. Arboreal ants are extremely diverse and abundant, making them an interesting and valuable group for tackling this issue. Numerous studies have used observational data of species co‐occurrence patterns to infer underlying assembly processes, but the complexity of these communities has resulted in few solid conclusions. This study takes advantage of an observational dataset that is unusually well‐structured with respect to habitat attributes (tree species, tree sizes, and vegetation structure), to disentangle different factors influencing community organization. In particular, this study assesses the potential role of interspecific competition and habitat selection on the distribution patterns of an arboreal ant community by incorporating habitat attributes into the co‐occurrence analyses. These findings are then contrasted against species traits, to explore functional explanations for the identified community patterns. We ran a suite of null models, first accounting only for the species incidence in the community and later incorporating habitat attributes in the null models. We performed analyses with all the species in the community and then with only the most common species using both a matrix‐level approach and a pairwise‐level approach. The co‐occurrence patterns did not differ from randomness in the matrix‐level approach accounting for all ant species in the community. However, a segregated pattern was detected for the most common ant species. Moreover, with the pairwise approach, we found a significant number of negative and positive pairs of species associations. Most of the segregated associations appear to be explained by competitive interactions between species, not habitat affiliations. This was supported by comparisons of species traits for significantly associated pairs. These results suggest that competition is the most important influence on the distribution patterns of arboreal ants within the focal community. Habitat attributes, in contrast, showed no significant influence on the matrix‐wide results and affected only a few associations. In addition, the segregated pairs shared more biological characteristic in common than the aggregated and random ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Camarota
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Scott Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Adriano S Melo
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Brazil
| | - Galen Priest
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri - St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
| | - Robert J Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri - St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
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35
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Queiroz ACM, Ribas CR. Canopy cover negatively affects arboreal ant species richness in a tropical open habitat. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:864-870. [PMID: 27143066 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis of a negative relationship between vegetation characteristics and ant species richness in a Brazilian open vegetation habitat, called candeial. We set up arboreal pitfalls to sample arboreal ants and measured the following environmental variables, which were used as surrogate of environmental heterogeneity: tree richness, tree density, tree height, circumference at the base of the plants, and canopy cover. Only canopy cover had a negative effect on the arboreal ant species richness. Vegetation characteristics and plant species composition are probably homogeneous in candeial, which explains the lack of relationship between other environmental variables and ant richness. Open vegetation habitats harbor a large number of opportunistic and generalist species, besides specialist ants from habitats with high temperatures. An increase in canopy cover decreases sunlight incidence and may cause local microclimatic differences, which negatively affect the species richness of specialist ants from open areas. Canopy cover regulates the richness of arboreal ants in open areas, since only few ant species are able to colonize sites with dense vegetation; most species are present in sites with high temperature and luminosity. Within open vegetation habitats the relationship between vegetation characteristics and species richness seems to be the opposite from closed vegetation areas, like forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M Queiroz
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Formigas, Setor de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - C R Ribas
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Formigas, Setor de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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36
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Whitworth A, Villacampa J, Brown A, Huarcaya RP, Downie R, MacLeod R. Past Human Disturbance Effects upon Biodiversity are Greatest in the Canopy; A Case Study on Rainforest Butterflies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150520. [PMID: 26950438 PMCID: PMC4780695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A key part of tropical forest spatial complexity is the vertical stratification of biodiversity, with widely differing communities found in higher rainforest strata compared to terrestrial levels. Despite this, our understanding of how human disturbance may differentially affect biodiversity across vertical strata of tropical forests has been slow to develop. For the first time, how the patterns of current biodiversity vary between three vertical strata within a single forest, subject to three different types of historic anthropogenic disturbance, was directly assessed. In total, 229 species of butterfly were detected, with a total of 5219 individual records. Butterfly species richness, species diversity, abundance and community evenness differed markedly between vertical strata. We show for the first time, for any group of rainforest biodiversity, that different vertical strata within the same rainforest, responded differently in areas with different historic human disturbance. Differences were most notable within the canopy. Regenerating forest following complete clearance had 47% lower canopy species richness than regenerating forest that was once selectively logged, while the reduction in the mid-storey was 33% and at ground level, 30%. These results also show for the first time that even long term regeneration (over the course of 30 years) may be insufficient to erase differences in biodiversity linked to different types of human disturbance. We argue, along with other studies, that ignoring the potential for more pronounced effects of disturbance on canopy fauna, could lead to the underestimation of the effects of habitat disturbance on biodiversity, and thus the overestimation of the conservation value of regenerating forests more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Whitworth
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- The Crees Foundation, Urb. Mariscal Gamarra B-5, Zona 1, Cusco, Peru
| | - Jaime Villacampa
- The Crees Foundation, Urb. Mariscal Gamarra B-5, Zona 1, Cusco, Peru
| | - Alice Brown
- The Crees Foundation, Urb. Mariscal Gamarra B-5, Zona 1, Cusco, Peru
| | - Ruthmery Pillco Huarcaya
- The Crees Foundation, Urb. Mariscal Gamarra B-5, Zona 1, Cusco, Peru
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Cusco, Peru
| | - Roger Downie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ross MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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37
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38
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Hölting M, Bovolo CI, Ernst R. Facing complexity in tropical conservation: how reduced impact logging and climatic extremes affect beta diversity in tropical amphibian assemblages. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Hölting
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 D-01109 Dresden Germany
- Department of Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstraße 12 D-12165 Berlin Germany
| | - C. Isabella Bovolo
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU U.K
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development; 77 High Street Kingston Georgetown Guyana
| | - Raffael Ernst
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 D-01109 Dresden Germany
- Department of Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstraße 12 D-12165 Berlin Germany
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39
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Pinotti BT, Pagotto CP, Pardini R. Wildlife Recovery During Tropical Forest Succession: Assessing Ecological Drivers of Community Change. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T. Pinotti
- Departamento de Zoologia, Rua do Matão; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; travessa 14 101 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camilla P. Pagotto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Rua do Matão; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; travessa 14 101 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Renata Pardini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Rua do Matão; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; travessa 14 101 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
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40
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Koch EBA, Camarota F, Vasconcelos HL. Plant Ontogeny as a Conditionality Factor in the Protective Effect of Ants on a Neotropical Tree. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elmo B. A. Koch
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Av. Pará 1720 38400-902 Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - Flávio Camarota
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Av. Pará 1720 38400-902 Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - Heraldo L. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Av. Pará 1720 38400-902 Uberlândia MG Brazil
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41
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Camarota F, Powell S, Vasconcelos HL, Priest G, Marquis RJ. Extrafloral nectaries have a limited effect on the structure of arboreal ant communities in a Neotropical savanna. Ecology 2015; 96:231-40. [PMID: 26236908 DOI: 10.1890/14-0264.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
How environmental contexts shape the strength of species interactions, and their influence on community structure, remains a key focus for the field of community ecology. In particular, the extent to which local competitive interactions impact community structure, and whether this differs across contexts, persists as a general issue that is unresolved across a broad range of animal systems. Studies of arboreal ants have shown that competitive interactions over carbon-rich exudates from extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and homopteran aggregations can have positive and negative effects on the local abundances of individual species. Nevertheless, it is still unclear the extent to which these local effects scale to community-level effects. Here we address the role of food from extrafloral nectaries on the structure of arboreal ant communities in a savanna of central Brazil. We did this with a combination of a diversity survey across tree species with and without EFNs, a repeated survey at times of peak EFN activity, and testing of our survey findings with two experimental manipulations of nectar availability that also provided supplementary nesting cavities. Species richness, but not composition, differed significantly between trees with and without EFNs. However, trees with EFNs had, on average, only 9% more species than those without EFNs. Furthermore, ant species richness did not differ significantly between periods of high and low EFN activity. Although nectar supplementation significantly affected nest occupation rates, this difference was seen solely in. the experiment with a massive supply of nectar and there was no effect on total ant richness or identity of the focal assemblages. Our findings suggest that the effects of extrafloral nectar on the abundances of arboreal ants at local scales do not scale to a strong structuring force at the community level. We suggest that this is most likely due to a lack of specificity of community members for EFN tree species, and the diffuse temporal and spatial nature of the availability of active EFNs. These properties mean that observable short-lived activity and competition over particular EFNs does not ultimately drive lasting changes in the associated assemblage of species, and therefore, the community as a whole.
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42
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Fayle TM, Turner EC, Basset Y, Ewers RM, Reynolds G, Novotny V. Whole-ecosystem experimental manipulations of tropical forests. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:334-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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43
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Schuldt A, Staab M. Tree Species Richness Strengthens Relationships between Ants and the Functional Composition of Spider Assemblages in a Highly Diverse Forest. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuldt
- Leuphana University Lüneburg; Institute of Ecology; Scharnhorststr. 1 D-21335 Lüneburg Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- University of Freiburg; Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Tennenbacherstr. 4 D-79106 Freiburg Germany
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44
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Katayama M, Kishimoto-Yamada K, Tanaka HO, Endo T, Hashimoto Y, Yamane S, Itioka T. Negative Correlation between Ant and Spider Abundances in the Canopy of a Bornean Tropical Rain Forest. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Katayama
- Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Keiko Kishimoto-Yamada
- Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi O. Tanaka
- Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomoji Endo
- School of Human Science; Kobe College; Nishinomiya Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hashimoto
- Division of Phylogenetics; Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Hyogo/Museum of Nature and Human Activities; Hyogo Sanda Japan
| | - Seiki Yamane
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Takao Itioka
- Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Klimes P, Fibich P, Idigel C, Rimandai M. Disentangling the diversity of arboreal ant communities in tropical forest trees. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117853. [PMID: 25714831 PMCID: PMC4340929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical canopies are known for their high abundance and diversity of ants. However, the factors which enable coexistence of so many species in trees, and in particular, the role of foragers in determining local diversity, are not well understood. We censused nesting and foraging arboreal ant communities in two 0.32 ha plots of primary and secondary lowland rainforest in New Guinea and explored their species diversity and composition. Null models were used to test if the records of species foraging (but not nesting) in a tree were dependent on the spatial distribution of nests in surrounding trees. In total, 102 ant species from 389 trees occurred in the primary plot compared with only 50 species from 295 trees in the secondary forest plot. However, there was only a small difference in mean ant richness per tree between primary and secondary forest (3.8 and 3.3 sp. respectively) and considerably lower richness per tree was found only when nests were considered (1.5 sp. in both forests). About half of foraging individuals collected in a tree belonged to species which were not nesting in that tree. Null models showed that the ants foraging but not nesting in a tree are more likely to nest in nearby trees than would be expected at random. The effects of both forest stage and tree size traits were similar regardless of whether only foragers, only nests, or both datasets combined were considered. However, relative abundance distributions of species differed between foraging and nesting communities. The primary forest plot was dominated by native ant species, whereas invasive species were common in secondary forest. This study demonstrates the high contribution of foragers to arboreal ant diversity, indicating an important role of connectivity between trees, and also highlights the importance of primary vegetation for the conservation of native ant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klimes
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cliffson Idigel
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Maling Rimandai
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
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Latumahina F, Borovanska M, Musyafa, Sumardi, Putra NS, Janda M. Ants of Ambon Island - diversity survey and checklist. Zookeys 2015:43-57. [PMID: 25632248 PMCID: PMC4304029 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.472.8441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present checklist of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Ambon is the first comprehensive overview of ant species recorded on the island during the last 150 years. The species list is based on literature and museum collections’ records combined with data from our field survey in 2010. In total, there are 74 ant species and subspecies representing 34 genera and six subfamilies known from Ambon. Five of the species found in undisturbed forest were exotic and indicate the overall habitat degradation on the island. The largest proportion of Ambon ant fauna are species with affinities to the Oriental region and species of Oriental-Austro-Melanesian origin. At least 20% of the species are regional endemics. In comparison to other islands in the region, the Ambon fauna seems more diverse and better sampled; however it is clear that a large part of it still remains to be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransina Latumahina
- Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia ; Pattimura University, Jalan Ir M Putuhena, Poka, Ambon, 97233 Maluku, Indonesia
| | - Michaela Borovanska
- Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Musyafa
- Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sumardi
- Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nugroho Susetya Putra
- Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Milan Janda
- Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Upon falling onto the water surface, most terrestrial arthropods helplessly struggle and are quickly eaten by aquatic predators. Exceptions to this outcome mostly occur among riparian taxa that escape by walking or swimming at the water surface. Here we document sustained, directional, neustonic locomotion (i.e. surface swimming) in tropical arboreal ants. We dropped 35 species of ants into natural and artificial aquatic settings in Peru and Panama to assess their swimming ability. Ten species showed directed surface swimming at speeds >3 body lengths s(-1), with some swimming at absolute speeds >10 cm s(-1). Ten other species exhibited partial swimming ability characterized by relatively slow but directed movement. The remaining species showed no locomotory control at the surface. The phylogenetic distribution of swimming among ant genera indicates parallel evolution and a trend toward negative association with directed aerial descent behavior. Experiments with workers of Odontomachus bauri showed that they escape from the water by directing their swimming toward dark emergent objects (i.e. skototaxis). Analyses of high-speed video images indicate that Pachycondyla spp. and O. bauri use a modified alternating tripod gait when swimming; they generate thrust at the water surface via synchronized treading and rowing motions of the contralateral fore and mid legs, respectively, while the hind legs provide roll stability. These results expand the list of facultatively neustonic terrestrial taxa to include various species of tropical arboreal ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Yanoviak
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 139 Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - D N Frederick
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
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Fotso Kuate A, Hanna R, Tindo M, Nanga S, Nagel P. Ant Diversity in Dominant Vegetation Types of Southern Cameroon. Biotropica 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apollin Fotso Kuate
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; B.P. 2008 Yaoundé-Messa Cameroon
| | - Rachid Hanna
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; B.P. 2008 Yaoundé-Messa Cameroon
| | - Maurice Tindo
- Faculty of Science; University of Douala; BP 24157 Douala Cameroon
| | - Samuel Nanga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; B.P. 2008 Yaoundé-Messa Cameroon
| | - Peter Nagel
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Basel; CH 4057 Basel Switzerland
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Konopik O, Gray CL, Grafe TU, Steffan-Dewenter I, Fayle TM. From rainforest to oil palm plantations: Shifts in predator population and prey communities, but resistant interactions. Glob Ecol Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ant community structure during forest succession in a subtropical forest in South-East China. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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