1
|
Miloud SB, Dziri O, Ferjani S, Ali MM, Mysara M, Boutiba I, Houdt RVAN, Chouchani C. First Description of Various Bacteria Resistant to Heavy Metals and Antibiotics Isolated from Polluted Sites in Tunisia. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:161-174. [PMID: 34335797 PMCID: PMC8318066 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental bacteria belonging to various families were isolated from polluted water collected from ten different sites in Tunisia. Sites were chosen near industrial and urban areas known for their high degree of pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-resistance between heavy metals (HM), i.e., silver, mercury and copper (Ag, Hg, and Cu), and antibiotics. In an initial screening, 80 isolates were selected on ampicillin, and 39 isolates, retained for further analysis, could grow on a Tris-buffered mineral medium with gluconate as carbon source. Isolates were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence. Results showed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes, especially all isolates harbored the blaTEM gene. Some of them (15.38%) harbored blaSHV. Moreover, several were even ESBLs and MBLs-producers, which can threaten the human health. On the other hand, 92.30%, 56.41%, and 51.28% of the isolates harbored the heavy metals resistance genes silE, cusA, and merA, respectively. These genes confer resistance to silver, copper, and mercury. A cross-resistance between antibiotics and heavy metals was detected in 97.43% of our isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ben Miloud
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Borj-Cedria, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis El-Manar, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory Antibiotic Resistance, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Dziri
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Borj-Cedria, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis El-Manar, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ferjani
- Research Laboratory Antibiotic Resistance, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Muntasir Md Ali
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilhem Boutiba
- Research Laboratory Antibiotic Resistance, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rob VAN Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Borj-Cedria, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis El-Manar, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Microorganisms employed in the removal of contaminants from wastewater of iron and steel industries. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
3
|
Fulke AB, Kotian A, Giripunje MD. Marine Microbial Response to Heavy Metals: Mechanism, Implications and Future Prospect. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:182-197. [PMID: 32596744 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing levels of pollution in marine environment has been a matter of serious concern in recent years. Increased levels of heavy metals due to improper waste disposal has led to serious repercussions. This has increased occurrences of heavy metals in marine fauna. Marine microbes are large influencers of nutrient cycling and productivity in oceans. Marine bacteria show altered metabolism as a strategy against metal induced stress. Understanding these strategies used to avoid toxic effects of heavy metals can help in devising novel biotechnological applications for ocean clean-up. Using biological tools for remediation has advantages as it does not involve harmful chemicals and it shows greater flexibility to environmental fluctuations. This review provides a comprehensive insight on marine microbial response to heavy metals and sheds light on existing knowledge about and paves for new avenues in research for bioremediation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay B Fulke
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400053, India.
| | - Atul Kotian
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400053, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhardwaj R, Gupta A, Garg JK. Impact of heavy metals on inhibitory concentration of Escherichia coli-a case study of river Yamuna system, Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:674. [PMID: 30361786 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of resistant bacteria to specific heavy metals can be associated with increasing load of the metals in the environment. River Yamuna is polluted by various toxic heavy metals discharged by several industrial and agricultural sources. Therefore, the use of heavy metal-resistant bacteria as an indicator of metal pollution was tested in the present study. For the purpose of the study, the heavy metal resistance status of 42 Escherichia coli strains isolated from River Yamuna water from 7 sampling sites within a span of 2 years was determined using growth curves and plate dilution method in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by comparing with MIC value of control strain. Seasonally, the lowest mean MIC value was observed for bacterial strains isolated in post-monsoon (December) 2013 and highest mean MIC value was observed for bacterial strains isolated in monsoon (August) 2015. Site-wise analysis of the maximum mean MIC values for all the isolated strains showed the highest mean Ni MIC value for the bacterial strains isolated from site S4 (ITO), highest mean Cu MIC, Cr MIC, and Fe MIC values for the bacterial strains isolated from site S2 (Najafgarh drain intermixing zone) and highest mean Cd MIC, Pb MIC, and Zn MIC values for the bacterial strains isolated from site S7 (Shahdara drain intermixing zone). Correlation analysis between mean MIC site-wise results with mean heavy metal site-wise concentrations showed significant positive correlation indicating that the higher the mean concentration of a given heavy metal at a given site, the higher the mean MIC value for the strains isolated from the same site indicating higher level of resistance. Overall, the present study has shown that the presence of heavy metals in River Yamuna caused due to indiscriminate discharge of various effluents from different kind of sources as well as due to insufficient treatment capacity of sewage treatment plants as well as common effluent treatment plants, has serious impacts on its bacterial microflora as it leads to the development of resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Bhardwaj
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprsatha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Anshu Gupta
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprsatha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - J K Garg
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprsatha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sathe SS, Mahanta C, Mishra P. Simultaneous influence of indigenous microorganism along with abiotic factors controlling arsenic mobilization in Brahmaputra floodplain, India. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2018; 213:1-14. [PMID: 29598853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the dynamic cycling of oxic and anoxic aqueous alluvial aquifer environments, varying Arsenic (As) concentrations are controlled by both abiotic and biotic factors. Studies have shown a significant form of toxic As (III) being released through the reductive dissolution of iron-oxy/hydroxide minerals and microbial reduction mechanisms, which leads to a serious health concern. The present study was performed in order to assess the abiotic and biotic factors influencing As release into the alluvial aquifer groundwater in Brahmaputra floodplain, India. The groundwater chemistry, characterization of the sediments, isolation, identification and characterization of prominent As releasing indigenous bacterium were conducted. The measured solid and liquid phases of total As concentration were ranged between 0.02 and 17.2 mg kg-1 and 8 to 353 μg L-1, respectively. The morphology and mineralogy showed the presence of detrital and authigenic mineral assemblages whereas primary and secondary As bearing Realgar and Claudetite minerals were identified, respectively. Furthermore, significant non-labile As fraction was found associated with the amorphous oxides of Fe, Mn and Al. The observed groundwater chemistry and sediment color, deduced a sub-oxic reducing aquifer conditions in As-contaminated regions. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing results of the isolated bacterium showed the prominent Pseudomonas aeruginosa responsible for the mobilization of As, reducing condition, biomineralization and causing grey color to the sediments at the shallower and deeper aquifers in the study area. These findings suggest that microbial metabolic activities are equally responsible in iron-oxy/hydroxide reductive dissolution, controlling As mobilization in dynamic fluvial flood plains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip S Sathe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Chandan Mahanta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pushpanjali Mishra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering and Management, Lucknow 227105, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chemical, microbial and antibiotic susceptibility analyses of groundwater after a major flood event in Chennai. Sci Data 2017; 4:170135. [PMID: 28994821 PMCID: PMC5634326 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During floods, human exposure to pathogens through contaminated water leads to the outbreak of epidemic diseases. This research presents the first extensive assessment of surface and groundwater samples collected immediately after a flood (December 2015) and post-flood (April 2016) from the Adyar River of Chennai, a major city in India, for major ions, trace metals, bacterial population, and pathogens. Severe rains in a short period of time resulted in flooding which inundated the wells, allowing the entry of sewage contaminated river water into the groundwater zone. This has led to bacterial counts and chemical ions exceeding Bureau of Indian Standard's recommended limits in most flood affected areas. Pathogens isolated from the groundwater showed resistance to antibiotics, namely ceftriaxone, doxycycline and nalidixic acid. However, they were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. Determining the antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens will help in the treatment of humans affected by contaminated water through an appropriate selection of prescribed medication.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chitosan based films as supports for dual antimicrobial release. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:402-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Goodwin DG, Marsh KM, Sosa IB, Payne JB, Gorham JM, Bouwer EJ, Fairbrother DH. Interactions of microorganisms with polymer nanocomposite surfaces containing oxidized carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5484-5492. [PMID: 25811739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In many environmental scenarios, the fate and impact of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) that contain carbon nanotubes (CNT/PNCs) will be influenced by their interactions with microorganisms, with implications for antimicrobial properties and the long-term persistence of PNCs. Using oxidized single-wall (O-SWCNTs) and multi-wall CNTs (O-MWCNTs), we explored the influence that CNT loading (mass fraction≤0.1%-10%) and type have on the initial interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with O-CNT/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) nanocomposites containing well-dispersed O-CNTs. LIVE/DEAD staining revealed that, despite oxidation, the inclusion of O-SWCNTs or O-MWCNTs caused PNC surfaces to exhibit antimicrobial properties. The fraction of living cells deposited on both O-SWCNT and O-MWCNT/PNC surfaces decreased exponentially with increasing CNT loading, with O-SWCNTs being approximately three times more cytotoxic on a % w/w basis. Although not every contact event between attached microorganisms and CNTs led to cell death, the cytotoxicity of the CNT/PNC surfaces scaled with the total contact area that existed between the microorganisms and CNTs. However, because the antimicrobial properties of CNT/PNC surfaces require direct CNT-microbe contact, dead cells were able to shield living cells from the cytotoxic effects of CNTs, allowing biofilm formation to occur on CNT/PNCs exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa for longer time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Goodwin
- †Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - K M Marsh
- †Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - I B Sosa
- ‡Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Altos de Pipe, Caracas 1020-A, Miranda, Venezuela
| | - J B Payne
- §Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - J M Gorham
- ∥Materials Measurement Science Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - E J Bouwer
- §Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - D H Fairbrother
- †Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Purssell A, Fruci M, Mikalauskas A, Gilmour C, Poole K. EsrC, an envelope stress-regulated repressor of themexCD-oprJmultidrug efflux operon inPseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:186-98. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Purssell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Michael Fruci
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Alaya Mikalauskas
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Christie Gilmour
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Keith Poole
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa confers resistance to ionic silver. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5492-9. [PMID: 25001302 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03069-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver in its ionic form (Ag+), but not the bulk metal (Ag0), is toxic to microbial life forms and has been used for many years in the treatment of wound infections. The prevalence of bacterial resistance to silver is considered low due to the nonspecific nature of its toxicity. However, the recent increased use of silver as an antimicrobial agent for medical, consumer, and industrial products has raised concern that widespread silver resistance may emerge. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that produces pyocyanin, a redox toxin and a reductant for molecular oxygen and ferric (Fe3+) ions. The objective of this study was to determine whether pyocyanin reduces Ag+ to Ag0, which may contribute to silver resistance due to lower bioavailability of the cation. Using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, pyocyanin was confirmed to be a reductant for Ag+, forming Ag0 nanoparticles and reducing the bioavailability of free Ag+ by >95% within minutes. Similarly, a pyocyanin-producing strain of P. aeruginosa (PA14) reduced Ag+ but not a pyocyanin-deficient (ΔphzM) strain of the bacterium. Challenge of each strain with Ag+ (as AgNO3) gave MICs of 20 and 5 μg/ml for the PA14 and ΔphzM strains, respectively. Removal of pyocyanin from the medium strain PA14 was grown in or its addition to the medium that ΔphzM mutant was grown in gave MICs of 5 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. Clinical isolates demonstrated similar pyocyanin-dependent resistance to Ag+. We conclude that pseudomonal silver resistance exists independently of previously recognized intracellular mechanisms and may be more prevalent than previously considered.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rearrangement of a large novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene island in strains isolated from a patient developing ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2430-8. [PMID: 24789195 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01626-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial gene islands add to the genetic repertoire of opportunistic pathogens. Here, we perform comparative analyses of three Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated sequentially over a 3-week period from a patient with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) who received clindamycin and piperacillin-tazobactam as part of their treatment regime. While all three strains appeared to be clonal by standard pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, whole-genome sequencing revealed subtle alterations in the chromosomal organization of the last two strains; specifically, an inversion event within a novel 124-kb gene island (PAGI 12) composed of 137 open reading frames [ORFs]. Predicted ORFs in the island included metabolism and virulence genes. Overexpression of a gene island-borne putative β-lactamase gene was observed following piperacillin-tazobactam exposure and only in those strains that had undergone the inversion event, indicating altered gene regulation following genomic remodeling. Examination of a separate cohort of 76 patients with VAP for integration at this tRNA(lys) recombination site demonstrated that patients exhibiting evidence of integration at this site had significantly higher 28-day mortality. These findings provide evidence that P. aeruginosa can integrate, rapidly remodel, and express exogenous genes, which likely contributes to its fitness in a clinical setting.
Collapse
|
12
|
De Niederhäusern S, Bondi M, Anacarso I, Iseppi R, Sabia C, Bitonte F, Messi P. Antibiotics and heavy metals resistance and other biological characters in enterococci isolated from surface water of Monte Cotugno Lake (Italy). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:939-946. [PMID: 23485245 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.762739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Considering the limited knowledge about the biological characters in enterococci isolated from surface waters, we investigated antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance, bacteriocin production, and some important virulence traits of 165 enterococci collected in water samples from Monte Cotugno Lake, the largest artificial basin built with earth in Europe. The species distribution of isolates was as follows: Enterococcus faecium (80%), Enterococcus faecalis (12.7%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (3%), Enterococcus mundtii (1.8%), Enterococcus hirae (1.8%), Enterococcus durans (0.6%). All enterococci showed heavy metal resistance toward Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, were susceptible to Ag and Hg, and at the same time exhibited in large percentage (83.7%) resistance to one or more of the antibiotics tested. Relatively to virulence factor genes, 50.9% enterococci were positive for gelatinase (gelE), 10.9% for aggregation substance (agg), 12.7% and 66.6% for the cell wall adhesins (efaAfs and efaAfm), respectively. No amplicons were detected after PCR for cytolysin production (cylA, cylB and cylM) and enterococcal surface protein (esp) genes. Bacteriocin production was found in most of the isolates. Given that the waters of the Monte Cotugno Lake are used for different purposes, among which farming and recreational activities, they can contribute to spread enterococci endowed with virulence factors, and antibiotics and heavy metals resistance to humans.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vignesh S, Muthukumar K, James RA. Antibiotic resistant pathogens versus human impacts: a study from three eco-regions of the Chennai coast, southern India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:790-800. [PMID: 22321173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the occurrence of pollution indicators and antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates from water and sediment samples of three different eco-regions of the Chennai coast between March - May of 2010. Total of 960 bacterial strains belonging to four genera were isolated which show the highest frequencies of resistance to vancomycin (53.6%) and penicillin (52.6%) (except Enterococcus sp., which is highly resistant to erythromycin) and lowest frequencies of resistance to chloramphenicol (3.43%), ciprofloxacin (3.95%), gentamicin (4.68%), and tetracycline (6.97%). The E. coli, Vibrio sp., Salmonella sp. and Enterococcus sp. show high frequency of resistance to 2-5 antibacterials of 60.4%, 45.83%, 69.16% and 46.6%, respectively. High pollution indices (PI - 6.66-14.06) and antibiotic resistance indices (ARI - 0.29-0.343) indicate that the coastal environment is highly exposed to antibiotic sources that suggesting to avoid direct contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivanandham Vignesh
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shakya S, Pradhan B, Smith L, Shrestha J, Tuladhar S. Isolation and characterization of aerobic culturable arsenic-resistant bacteria from surfacewater and groundwater of Rautahat District, Nepal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 95 Suppl:S250-S255. [PMID: 21868146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a serious Environmental Health Management issue of drinking water sources especially in Terai region of Nepal. Many studies have reported that due to natural abundance of arsenic in the environment, various bacteria have developed different resistance mechanisms for arsenic compound. In this study, the culturable arsenic-resistant bacteria indigenous to surfacewater as well as groundwater from Rautahat District of Nepal were randomly isolated by standard plate count method on the basis of viable growth on plate count agar amended with arsenate ranging from 0, 0.5, 10, 40, 80 to 160 milligram per liter (mg/l). With respect to the morphological and biochemical tests, nine morphologically distinct potent arsenate tolerant bacteria showed relatedness with Micrococcus varians, Micrococcus roseus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus smithii 1 and Bacillus smithii 2. The isolates were capable of tolerating more than 1000 mg/l of arsenate and 749 mg/l of arsenite. Likewise, bioaccumulation capability was highest with M. roseus (85.61%) and the least with B. smithii (47.88%) indicating the potential of the organisms in arsenic resistance and most probably in bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shakya
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, P.O. Box 6250, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Luo J, Shan S, Crew E, Yin J, Zhong CJ, Wallek B, Wong S. Bacterial inactivation using silver-coated magnetic nanoparticles as functional antimicrobial agents. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8688-95. [PMID: 21999710 PMCID: PMC3413288 DOI: 10.1021/ac202164p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability for silver nanoparticles to function as an antibacterial agent while being separable from the target fluids is important for bacterial inactivation in biological fluids. This report describes the analysis of the antimicrobial activities of silver-coated magnetic nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical methods. The bacterial inactivation of several types of bacteria was analyzed, including Gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus ) and Gram-negative bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter cloacae , and Escherichia coli ). The results have demonstrated the viability of the silver-coated magnetic nanoparticles for achieving effective bacterial inactivation efficiency comparable to and better than that of silver nanoparticles conventionally used. The bacteria inactivation efficiency of our silver-coated MnZn ferrite (MZF@Ag) nanoparticles was also determined for blood platelets samples, demonstrating the potential of utilization in inactivating bacterial growth in platelets prior to transfusion to ensure blood product safety, which also has important implications for enabling the capability of effective separation, delivery, and targeting of the antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Elizabeth Crew
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Brandi Wallek
- Lynntech, Inc., 2501 Earl Rudder Frwy S., College Station, Texas 77845
| | - Season Wong
- Lynntech, Inc., 2501 Earl Rudder Frwy S., College Station, Texas 77845
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Malik A, Aleem A. Incidence of metal and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas spp. from the river water, agricultural soil irrigated with wastewater and groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 178:293-308. [PMID: 20853188 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A total of 144 isolates of Pseudomonas spp. (48 each from the Yamuna River water, wastewater irrigated soil and groundwater irrigated soil) were tested for their resistance against certain heavy metals and antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Hg(2+ ), Cd(2+ ), Cu(2+ ), Zn(2+ ), Ni(2+ ), Pb(2+ ), Cr(3+ ) and Cr(6+ ) for each isolate were also determined. A maximum MIC of 200 μg/ml for mercury and 3,200 μg/ml for other metals were observed. The incidences of metal resistance and MICs of metals for Pseudomonas isolates from the Yamuna water and wastewater irrigated soil were significantly different to those of groundwater irrigated soil. A high level of resistance against tetracycline and polymyxin B (81.2%) was observed in river water isolates. However, 87.5% of Pseudomonas isolates from soil irrigated with wastewater showed resistance to sulphadiazine, whereas 79.1% were resistant to both ampicillin and erythromycin. Isolates from soil irrigated with groundwater exhibited less resistance towards heavy metals and antibiotics as compared to those of river water and wastewater irrigated soil. Majority of the Pseudomonas isolates from water and soil exhibited resistance to multiple metals and antibiotics. Resistance was transferable to recipient Escherichia coli AB2200 strains by conjugation. Plasmids were cured with the curing agent ethidium bromide and acridine orange at sub-MIC concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Malik
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Isolation of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria from industrial effluents and their potential use in wastewater treatment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Oyetibo GO, Ilori MO, Adebusoye SA, Obayori OS, Amund OO. Bacteria with dual resistance to elevated concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics in Nigerian contaminated systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 168:305-314. [PMID: 19688604 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Samples of soil, water, and sediments from industrial estates in Lagos were collected and analyzed for heavy metals and physicochemical composition. Bacteria that are resistant to elevated concentrations of metals (Cd(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cr(6+), and Hg(2+)) were isolated from the samples, and they were further screened for antibiotic sensitivity. The minimum tolerance concentrations (MTCs) of the isolates with dual resistance to the metals were determined. The physicochemistry of all the samples indicated were heavily polluted. Twenty-two of the 270 bacterial strains isolated showed dual resistances to antibiotics and heavy metals. The MTCs of isolates to the metals were 14 mM for Cd(2+), 15 mM for Co(2+) and Ni(2+), 17 mM for Cr(6+), and 10 mM for Hg(2+). Five strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces turicensis, Acinetobacter junni, Nocardia sp., and Micrococcus sp.) resisted all the 18 antibiotics tested. Whereas Rhodococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. resisted 15 mM Ni(2+), P. aeruginosa resisted 10 mM Co(2+). To our knowledge, there has not been any report of bacterial strains resisting such high doses of metals coupled with wide range of antibiotics. Therefore, dual expressions of antibiotics and heavy-metal resistance make the isolates, potential seeds for decommissioning of sites polluted with industrial effluents rich in heavy metals, since the bacteria will be able to withstand in situ antibiosis that may prevail in such ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu O Oyetibo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matyar F, Akkan T, Uçak Y, Eraslan B. Aeromonas and Pseudomonas: antibiotic and heavy metal resistance species from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey (northeast Mediterranean Sea). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 167:309-320. [PMID: 19551480 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the susceptibility patterns to 15 different antibiotics and six heavy metals in Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey (northeast Mediterranean Sea). A high percentage of Aeromonas isolates showed resistance to cefazolin (66.6%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (66.6%). Amongst the Pseudomonas isolates, there was a high incidence of resistance to nitrofurantoin (86.2%), cefazolin (84.8%) and cefuroxime (71.7%). Most isolates showed tolerance to different concentrations of heavy metals, and minimal inhibition concentrations ranged from 25 to >3,200 microg/ml. The Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed high resistance to copper of 98.3% and 75.4%, respectively, and low resistance to lead of 1.7% and 7.2%, respectively. Our results show that antibiotic and heavy metal resistant Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were widespread in Iskenderun Bay in 2007 and 2008. The increasing presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. may become a potential human health hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Matyar
- Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Isolation and characterization of an arsenic-resistant bacterium from a bore-well in West Bengal, India. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03178325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
21
|
Poirier I, Jean N, Guary JC, Bertrand M. Responses of the marine bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens to an excess of heavy metals: physiological and biochemical aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 406:76-87. [PMID: 18793794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain was isolated from oxic marine sediments obtained from the strand zone of the St Anne Bay (a moderately metal-contaminated site to the west of Cherbourg harbour). The strain, which exhibited a high tolerance to metal contamination when cultivated (minimal inhibitory concentration=950 microM [62 mg L(-1)] for Zn, 660 microM [42 mg L(-1)] for Cu, and 505 microM [57 mg L(-1)] for Cd), was further characterized by its physiological and biochemical responses to metal additions to the culture medium. Bacterial growth was significantly disturbed by 380 microM Zn (25 mg L(-1)), 315 microM Cu (20 mg L(-1)) and 90 microM Cd (10 mg L(-1)). The Zn-containing alkaline phosphatase was studied as an intoxication biomarker. Its activity was stimulated (+9%) by an excess of Zn, but inhibited by Cd (-55%) and Cu (-10%), these two elements could displace the native Zn or/and disturb the enzyme 3D-structure. Bacterial O(2) consumption was recorded as a global physiological response to metal stress. This parameter dropped with increasing Cd and Cu contamination (-49% and -45%, respectively, at 20 mg L(-1)). By contrast, Zn increased O2 consumption (approximately +40% for the different tested concentrations). The proteomes of bacteria grown in the presence or absence of 20 mg metal L(-1) were characterized by 2D-gel electrophoresis. The number of spots exhibiting a difference in intensity between the contaminated sample and the control was 65, 68, and 103, for Zn, Cu and Cd, respectively. Among them, 45, 61 and 82 spots respectively appeared de novo or increased in intensity, indicative of metal-stimulated synthesis, particularly for Cu and Cd. In summary, whereas Cd and Cu treatments both stressed cells and slowed down primary metabolism to differing extents, Zn has a stimulating action on several physiological and biochemical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Poirier
- Equipe Microorganismes-Métaux-Toxicité, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Marines, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, BP 324, F-50103 Cherbourg Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pepi M, Volterrani M, Renzi M, Marvasi M, Gasperini S, Franchi E, Focardi SE. Arsenic-resistant bacteria isolated from contaminated sediments of the Orbetello Lagoon, Italy, and their characterization. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:2299-308. [PMID: 18045414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate arsenic-resistant bacteria from contaminated sediment of the Orbetello Lagoon, Italy, to characterize isolates for As(III), As(V), heavy metals resistance, and from the phylogenetic point of view. METHODS AND RESULTS Enrichment cultures were carried out in the presence of 6.75 mmol l(-1) of As(III), allowing isolation of ten bacterial strains. Four isolates, ORAs1, ORAs2, ORAs5 and ORAs6, showed minimum inhibitory concentration values equal or superior to 16.68 mmol l(-1) and 133.47 mmol l(-1) in the presence of As(III) and As(V), respectively. Isolate ORAs2 showed values of 1.8 mmol l(-1) in the presence of Cd(II) and 7.7 mmol l(-1) of Zn(II), and isolate ORAs1 pointed out a value of 8.0 mmol l(-1) in the presence of Cu(II). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they can be grouped in the three genera Aeromonas, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Phylogenetic analysis of the four more arsenic-resistant strains was also performed. CONCLUSION Isolates are highly resistant to both As(III) and As(V) and they could represent good candidates for bioremediation processes of native polluted sediments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides original results on levels of resistance to arsenic and to assigning genera of bacterial strains isolated from arsenic-polluted sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pepi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ben Said O, Goñi-Urriza MS, El Bour M, Dellali M, Aissa P, Duran R. Characterization of aerobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from Bizerte lagoon sediments, Tunisia. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:987-97. [PMID: 17973912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria from sediments of the Bizerte lagoon, and to determine their ability to resist other pollutants such as antibiotics and heavy metals. METHODS AND RESULTS More than 100 strains were isolated for their ability to use fluoranthene as the sole carbon and energy source. Most of them showed antibiotic and heavy metal resistance; 20 representative strains were selected for further analysis. 16S rRNA coding sequences analysis showed that the majority of the selected bacteria (75%) were affiliated to the Gammaproteobacteria. The selected strains also utilized high molecular weight PAHs containing up to four benzene rings and showed different profiles of PAH substrate usage suggesting different PAH degradation pathways. These results are consistent with the fact that nah-like genes and idoA-like genes, involved in PAH degradation, were detected in 6 and 1 strains respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Bizerte lagoon, polluted by many human activities, leads to the co-selection of strains able to cope with multiple contaminants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Polluted areas are often characterized by the concomitant presence of organic pollutants, heavy metals and antibiotics. This study is one of the first showing bacterial strains adapted to multiple contaminants, a promising potential for the development of bioremediation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Ben Said
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IPREM UMR 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roy U, Nair D. Biodiversity of organotin resistant Pseudomonas from west coast of India. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2007; 16:253-61. [PMID: 17131180 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Five bacterial isolates were screened for resistance to organotin compound, i.e. tributyltin chloride (TBTC) up to 2 mM. The optimum pH, temperature and salinity for the growth of the isolates were found to be 7, 28 degrees C and 2.5%, respectively. The isolates were tested for survival tolerance to heavy metals (mercury, cadmium and zinc) and co-resistance to antibiotics viz. ampicillin, kanamycin, rifampicin, streptomycin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and neomycin. Although our earlier study reported that these five bacterial strains are of different species of Pseudomonas, our present 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that all the strains are Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One of five isolates P. aeruginosa strain 25W could grow in mineral salt medium with 2 mM of TBTC as a sole source of carbon and survive up to 5 mM of TBTC. In presence of 2 mM of TBTC there was comparable up-regulation of 45 kDa protein in the cell extract of the 25W isolate was found indicating involvement of certain enzymes in TBTC resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upal Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigaon Plateau, Goa, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chopra I. The increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: a useful development or a cause for concern? J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:587-90. [PMID: 17307768 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver first gained regulatory approval for use as an antimicrobial agent in the early 20th century, but its usage diminished with the introduction of antibiotics in the 1940s. Recently, however, topical silver has gained popularity once again, principally in the management of open wounds. This has been largely due to the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the resultant reduction in first-line antibiotic prescribing. The increase in the use of topical silver has raised issues concerning silver resistance, together with questions about the standardization of antimicrobial testing methods for silver. Issues related to silver product testing include a failure to establish standard procedures for determining MIC values, an absence of recognized breakpoints, a lack of conformity in the way different products release silver and variations in the effects of microbiological media on silver release and the measurement of inhibitory activity. The clinical incidence of silver resistance remains low, and emergence of resistance can be minimized if the level of silver ions released from products is high and the bactericidal activity rapid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Chopra
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kimiran-Erdem A, Arslan EO, Sanli Yurudu NO, Zeybek Z, Dogruoz N, Cotuk A. Isolation and identification of enterococci from seawater samples: assessment of their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 125:219-28. [PMID: 17171251 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A hundred Enterococcus strains were isolated from seawater samples collected from coastal areas of Istanbul. Isolates were identified to the species level using standard biochemical tests specified by Facklam and Collins. The species distribution was as follows Enterococcus faecalis (96%), Enterococcus gallinarum (3%) and Enterococcus solitarius (1%). The resistance of bacteria to both heavy metals (zinc [Zn], iron [Fe], cadmium [Cd], chrome [Cr], cobalt [Co]) and antibiotics (ampicillin 10 microg [AP], penicillin G 10 Units [PG], gentamycin 10 microg [GM], streptomycin 10 microg [S], chloramphenicol 10 microg [C], erythromycin 15 microg [E], kanamycin 30 microg [K], amikacin 30 microg [AK], nalidixic acid 30 microg [NA], and vancomycin 30 microg [VA]) was evaluated. None of the strains was resistant to VA. It was found that among the 100 isolates, those that exhibit resistance to antibiotics, particularly NA, S and K, were also resistant all the heavy metals tested. To our knowledge this is the first report focusing on determination of resistance of environmental enterococci found in Istanbul against heavy metals and antibiotics. Thus, combined expressions of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance may help to reinforce ecological and epidemiological studies and to determine the role of these strains in antibiotic and heavy metal resistance dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Kimiran-Erdem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang R, Wang Y, Gu JD. Identification of environmental plasmid-bearing Vibrio species isolated from polluted and pristine marine reserves of Hong Kong, and resistance to antibiotics and mercury. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 89:307-15. [PMID: 16779626 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-005-9032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fifty environmental isolates of Vibrio species were isolated from water samples of Mai Po Nature Reserve and the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve in Hong Kong and screened for the presence of plasmid. Mai Po is a wastewater-impacted area while the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve is pristine natural marine water. Plasmid was found in Vibrio isolates from both sites at similar frequencies and each site showed distinctive plasmid profiles. These plasmid-bearing Vibrio isolates were identified as different species of the Vibrio genus by both biochemical test and subsequently full-length 16S rRNA sequences. Antibiotic resistance test showed that all these plasmid-bearing Vibrio isolates showed multiple resistance to 21 antibiotics tested. In addition, selective isolates also showed tolerance to 10 microM Hg 2+ in culture medium and they generally harbored large plasmid(s) (>30 kb). Our results show that the high frequency of plasmid in Vibrio species of both polluted and pristine environments may be ecologically important to the survival of these bacteria in the environment. The specific functioning of the cryptic plasmids remains the focus of current investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shivaji S, Suresh K, Chaturvedi P, Dube S, Sengupta S. Bacillus arsenicus sp. nov., an arsenic-resistant bacterium isolated from a siderite concretion in West Bengal, India. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1123-1127. [PMID: 15879243 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain Con a/3T is a Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and arsenic-resistant bacterium, which was isolated from a concretion of arsenic ore obtained from a bore-hole. The bacterium grew in the presence of 20 mM arsenate and 0·5 mM arsenite. Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan, MK-7 was the major menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1(δ7cis) were the major fatty acids. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain Con a/3T was identified as a member of the genus Bacillus. It exhibited maximum similarity (97 %) at the 16S rRNA gene level with Bacillus barbaricus (DSM 14730T); however, the DNA–DNA relatedness value with B. barbaricus was 60 %. Strain Con a/3T also exhibited a number of phenotypic differences from B. barbaricus (DSM 14730T). Strain Con a/3T was therefore identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus arsenicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Con a/3T (=MTCC 4380T=DSM 15822T=JCM 12167T).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Arsenic/pharmacology
- Arsenites/pharmacology
- Bacillus/classification
- Bacillus/drug effects
- Bacillus/isolation & purification
- Bacillus/physiology
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Carbonates
- Cyanoacrylates/analysis
- Cyanoacrylates/isolation & purification
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Diaminopimelic Acid/analysis
- Diaminopimelic Acid/isolation & purification
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fatty Acids/isolation & purification
- Ferric Compounds
- Genes, rRNA
- India
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Movement
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
- Spores, Bacterial
- Vitamin K 2/analysis
- Vitamin K 2/isolation & purification
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shivaji
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - K Suresh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Smita Dube
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Sengupta
- Geological Survey of India, GSI Complex, DK-6, Sector-II, Bidhannagar, Kolkata - 700 091, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This study compared bacterial biofilm and planktonic cell susceptibility to metal toxicity by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the planktonic minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) using the MBEC device. In total, 17 metal cations and oxyanions, chosen to represent groups VIB to VIA of the periodic table, were each tested on biofilm and planktonic cultures of Escherichia coli JM109, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. In contrast to control antibiotic assays, where biofilm cultures were 2 to 64 times less susceptible to killing than logarithmically growing planktonic bacteria, metal compounds killed planktonic and biofilm cultures at the same concentration in the vast majority of combinations. Our data indicate that, under the conditions reported, growth in a biofilm does not provide resistance to bacteria against killing by metal cations or oxyanions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe J Harrison
- Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mudryk ZJ. Occurrence and distribution antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from a marine beach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:80-86. [PMID: 15664036 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from a sandy beach in Sopot, at the Southern Baltic Sea coast was determined. The levels of resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. Bacteria inhabiting the middle part of the beach and the dune were most resistant; the least resistant were bacteria isolated from the sea-beach contact zone. Generally, there were no significant differences in antibiotic resistance between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria. Bacteria isolated from the surface layer of the sand were more resistant to the tested antibiotics than bacteria from the subsurface layers. The majority of bacterial strains were resistant to 3-8 antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was dependent on their chemical structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Jan Mudryk
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Education, Arciszewskiego 22 B, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Suresh K, Reddy GSN, Sengupta S, Shivaji S. Deinococcus indicus sp. nov., an arsenic-resistant bacterium from an aquifer in West Bengal, India. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:457-461. [PMID: 15023960 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An arsenic- and radiation-resistant bacterium, strain Wt/1a(T), was isolated from water from an arsenic-contaminated aquifer located in the Chakdah district of West Bengal, India. The bacterium stains Gram-negative and is rod-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating and red-pigmented. Cell-wall peptidoglycan contains ornithine as the diamino acid, MK-8 is the major menaquinone, C(15 : 1) and C(16 : 1) are the major fatty acids and the DNA G+C content of the organism is 65.8 mol%. Based on these phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain Wt/1a(T) was identified as a member of the genus Deinococcus. Strain Wt/1a(T) exhibited maximum 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (95 %) with Deinococcus grandis; however, strain Wt/1a(T) exhibited only 14 % similarity to D. grandis IAM 13005(T) at the DNA-DNA level. Furthermore, strain Wt/1a(T) (compared to D. grandis IAM 13005(T)) is more resistant to arsenate and arsenite, is positive for arginine dihydrolase, utilizes a number of carbon sources and exhibits quantitative differences in fatty acid composition and qualitative differences in lipid composition. Strain Wt/1a(T) is identified as a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus indicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Deinococcus indicus is Wt/1a(T) (=MTCC 4913(T)=DSM 15307(T)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G S N Reddy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Sengupta
- Geological Survey of India, GSI Complex, DK-6, Sector-II, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - S Shivaji
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suresh K, Prabagaran SR, Sengupta S, Shivaji S. Bacillus indicus sp. nov., an arsenic-resistant bacterium isolated from an aquifer in West Bengal, India. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1369-1375. [PMID: 15280316 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.03047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain Sd/3T (=MTCC 4374T=DSM 15820T), an arsenic-resistant bacterium, was isolated from a sand sample obtained from an arsenic-contaminated aquifer in Chakdah district in West Bengal, India (23° 3′ N 88° 35′ E). The bacterium was Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, endospore-forming and yellowish-orange pigmented. It possessed all the characteristics that conform to the genus Bacillus, such as it had A4
β murein type (l-orn-d-Asp) peptidoglycan variant, MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. Based on its chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain Sd/3T was identified as a species of the genus Bacillus. It exhibited maximum similarity (95 %) at the 16S rRNA gene level with Bacillus cohnii; however, DNA–DNA similarity with B. cohnii was 60·7 %. Strain Sd/3T also exhibited a number of phenotypic differences from B. cohnii (DSM 6307T). These data suggest that Sd/3T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus. The name Bacillus indicus sp. nov. is proposed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Arsenic/pharmacology
- Bacillus/classification
- Bacillus/drug effects
- Bacillus/isolation & purification
- Bacillus/physiology
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Genes, rRNA
- Gentian Violet
- India
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Movement
- Peptidoglycan/chemistry
- Phenazines
- Phylogeny
- Pigments, Biological/biosynthesis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology
- Soil Microbiology
- Spores, Bacterial/cytology
- Vitamin K 2/analysis
- Water Microbiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, India
| | - S R Prabagaran
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, India
| | - S Sengupta
- Geological survey of India, GSI Complex, DK-6, Sector-II, Bidhannagar, Kolkata - 700 091, India
| | - S Shivaji
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Perron K, Caille O, Rossier C, Van Delden C, Dumas JL, Köhler T. CzcR-CzcS, a Two-component System Involved in Heavy Metal and Carbapenem Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:8761-8. [PMID: 14679195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmental bacterium involved in mineralization of organic matter. It is also an opportunistic pathogen able to cause serious infections in immunocompromised hosts. As such, it is exposed to xenobiotics including solvents, heavy metals, and antimicrobials. We studied the response of P. aeruginosa upon exposure to heavy metals or antibiotics to investigate whether common regulatory mechanisms govern resistance to both types of compounds. We showed that sublethal zinc concentrations induced resistance to zinc, cadmium, and cobalt, while lethal zinc concentrations selected mutants constitutively resistant to these heavy metals. Both zinc-induced and stable zinc-resistant strains were also resistant to the carbapenem antibiotic imipenem. On the other hand, only 20% of clones selected on imipenem were also resistant to zinc. Heavy metal resistance in the mutants could be correlated by quantitative real time PCR with increased expression of the heavy metal efflux pump CzcCBA and its cognate two-component regulator genes czcR-czcS. Western blot analysis revealed reduced expression of the basic amino acid and carbapenem-specific OprD porin in all imipenem-resistant mutants. Sequencing of the czcR-czcS DNA region in eight independent zinc- and imipenem-resistant mutants revealed the presence of the same V194L mutation in the CzcS sensor protein. Overexpression in a susceptible wild type strain of the mutated CzsS protein, but not of the wild type form, resulted in decreased oprD and increased czcC expression. We further show that zinc is released from latex urinary catheters into urine in amounts sufficient to induce carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa, possibly compromising treatment of urinary tract infections by this class of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Perron
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Botany and Plant Biology Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thayumanavan T, Vivekanandhan G, Savithamani K, Subashkumar R, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P. Incidence of haemolysin-positive and drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in freshly caught finfish and prawn collected from major commercial fishes of coastal South India. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 36:41-5. [PMID: 12727364 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Aeromonas hydrophila in freshly caught finfish and prawns from four major commercial fish landing sites of coastal South India was studied for a period of one year. Among 514 analysed samples of seafood (410 finfish and 104 prawn), 37% of them (37.3% of finfish and 35.6% of prawn) were contaminated with A. hydrophila. A total of 255 strains of A. hydrophila were isolated. Of the total isolates, about 78.4% of them were producers of haemolysin. All strains were resistant to bacitracin and all were sensitive to chloramphenicol. The results indicate that the strains originated from high-risk sources. The presence of A. hydrophila is an indication of marine contamination. The increasing presence of haemolysin-producing multiple drug-resistant A. hydrophila in fish and prawn may become a potential human health hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tha Thayumanavan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Teitzel GM, Parsek MR. Heavy metal resistance of biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:2313-20. [PMID: 12676715 PMCID: PMC154819 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.4.2313-2320.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2002] [Accepted: 01/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was undertaken to examine the effects of the heavy metals copper, lead, and zinc on biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A rotating-disk biofilm reactor was used to generate biofilm and free-swimming cultures to test their relative levels of resistance to heavy metals. It was determined that biofilms were anywhere from 2 to 600 times more resistant to heavy metal stress than free-swimming cells. When planktonic cells at different stages of growth were examined, it was found that logarithmically growing cells were more resistant to copper and lead stress than stationary-phase cells. However, biofilms were observed to be more resistant to heavy metals than either stationary-phase or logarithmically growing planktonic cells. Microscopy was used to evaluate the effect of copper stress on a mature P. aeruginosa biofilm. The exterior of the biofilm was preferentially killed after exposure to elevated concentrations of copper, and the majority of living cells were near the substratum. A potential explanation for this is that the extracellular polymeric substances that encase a biofilm may be responsible for protecting cells from heavy metal stress by binding the heavy metals and retarding their diffusion within the biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Teitzel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Srinath T, Verma T, Ramteke PW, Garg SK. Chromium (VI) biosorption and bioaccumulation by chromate resistant bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2002; 48:427-35. [PMID: 12152745 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, strains that are capable of bioaccumulating Cr(VI) were isolated from treated tannery effluent of a common effluent treatment plant. The Cr(VI) concentration in this treated effluent was 0.96 mg/l, much above the statutory limit of 0.1 mg/l for discharge of industrial effluents into inland surface waters in India. In addition to the bioaccumulation, biosorption capabilities of living and dead cells were analysed. Two strains, identified as Bacillus circulans and Bacillus megaterium were able to bioaccumulate 34.5 and 32.0 mg Cr/g dry weight, respectively and brought the residual concentration of Cr(VI) to the permissible limit in 24 h when the initial concentration was 50 mg Cr(VI)/l. Our experimental design accounts for initial as well as final residual concentration of heavy metal while selecting heavy metal accumulating strains during batch studies. Biosorption of Cr(VI) was shown by B. megaterium and an another strain, B. coagulans. Living and dead cells of B. coagulans biosorbed 23.8 and 39.9 mg Cr/g dry weight, respectively, whereas, 15.7 and 30.7 mg Cr/g dry weight was biosorbed by living and dead cells of B. megaterium, respectively. Biosorption by the dead cells was higher than the living cells. This was due to prior pH conditioning (pH 2.5 with deionized water acidified with H2SO4) of the dead cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Srinath
- Environmental Microbiology Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Reyes NS, Frischer ME, Sobecky PA. Characterization of mercury resistance mechanisms in marine sediment microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1999; 30:273-284. [PMID: 10525183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1999.tb00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While estuarine sediments are often severely polluted with mercury, few studies have focused on the mechanisms of adaptation to mercury contamination in marine sediment microbial communities. In this study, we report a high frequency of Gram-negative bacterial isolates that are resistant to the heavy metal mercury obtained from the aerobic culturable marine microbial community. We detected a low frequency of genes homologous to mer(Tn21) in isolates from three out of four different estuarine environments. Other mercury resistant culturable bacterial isolates lacking homology to the known mer genes were able to reduce Hg(II) to its volatile Hg(0) form, indicating the presence of divergent mer genes. In addition, a number of mercury resistant isolates, obtained from three of the four marine sites investigated, exhibited decreased resistance to mercury in the presence of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Representative mercury resistant bacterial isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis as belonging to the alpha and gamma subclasses of the class Proteobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- NS Reyes
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eismann F, Montuelle B. Microbial methods for assessing contaminant effects in sediments. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 1999; 159:41-93. [PMID: 9921139 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1496-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated sediments influence drastically the long-term toxicological and ecological properties of aquatic ecosystems. During the past three decades, scientific knowledge about sediment-water exchange processes and the deposition and distribution of pollutants in water and sediment phases has been supplemented by extensive research on the effects of sediment-associated pollutants on aquatic organisms. Basic research in microbiology, ecology, and toxicology has uncovered the crucial role of sediment microorganisms for the biodegradation of organic matter and for the cycling of nutrients, as well as the susceptibility of these processes to toxic pollution events. Microorganisms have been extensively applied in aquatic toxicology, and various microbial toxicity tests are today available that successfully couple microbial toxicity endpoints to the specificity of the sediment matrix. Sediment-associated toxicants can be brought in contact with test bacteria using sediment pore waters, elutriates, extracts, or whole-sediment material. Toxicity indication principles for microorganisms are versatile and comprise growth and biomass determinations, respiration or oxygen uptake, bacterial luminescence, the activity of a variety of enzymes, and a compendium of genotoxicity assays. The border between toxicological and ecological contaminant effect evaluations in sediments is flexible, and long-term ecological predictions should also include an assessment of pollutant degradation capacities and of key reactions in element cycling. Evaluating microbial community structure and function in environmental systems makes use of modern molecular techniques and bioindicators that could trigger a new quality in the assessment of contaminated sediments in terms of indication of subtoxic effects and early-warning requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Eismann
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Public Veterinary Affairs, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sobecky PA, Mincer TJ, Chang MC, Helinski DR. Plasmids isolated from marine sediment microbial communities contain replication and incompatibility regions unrelated to those of known plasmid groups. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:888-95. [PMID: 9055407 PMCID: PMC168381 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.3.888-895.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two hundred ninety-seven bacteria carrying plasmids that range in size from 5 to 250 kb were identified from more than 1,000 aerobic heterotrophic bacteria isolated from coastal California marine sediments. While some isolates contained numerous (three to five) small (5- to 10-kb) plasmids, the majority of the natural isolates typically contained one large (40- to 100-kb) plasmid. By the method of plasmid isolation used in this study, the frequency of plasmid incidence ranged from 24 to 28% depending on the samples examined. Diversity of the plasmids occurring in the marine sediment bacterial populations was examined at the molecular level by hybridization with 14 different DNA probes specific for the incompatibility and replication (inc/rep) regions of a number of well-characterized plasmid incompatibility groups (repB/O, FIA, FII, FIB, HI1, HI2, I1, L/M, X, N, P, Q, W, and U). Interestingly, we found no DNA homology between the plasmids isolated from the culturable bacterial population of marine sediments and the replicon probes specific for numerous incompatibility groups developed by Couturier et al. (M. F. Couturier, F. Bex, P. L. Bergquist, and W. K. Maas, Microbiol. Rev. 52:375-395, 1988). Our findings suggest that plasmids in marine sediment microbial communities contain novel, as-yet-uncharacterized, incompatibility and replication regions and that the present replicon typing system, based primarily on plasmids derived from clinical isolates, may not be representative of the plasmid diversity occurring in some marine environments. Since the vast majority of marine bacteria are not culturable under laboratory conditions, we also screened microbial community DNA for the presence of broad- and narrow-host-range plasmid replication sequences. Although the replication origin of the conjugally promiscuous broad-host-range plasmid RK2 (incP) was not detectable in any of the plasmid-containing culturable marine isolates, DNA extracted from the microbial community and amplified by PCR yielded a positive signal for RK2 oriV replication sequences. The strength of the signal suggests the presence of a low level of the incP replicon within the marine microbial community. In contrast, replication sequences specific for the narrow-host-range plasmid F were not detectable in DNA extracted from marine sediment microbial communities. With the possible exception of mercuric chloride, phenotypic analysis of the 297 plasmid-bearing isolates did not demonstrate a correlation between plasmid content and antibiotic or heavy metal resistance traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Sobecky
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0634, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sabry S, Ghozlan H, Abou-Zeid DM. Metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance patterns of a bacterial population isolated from sea water. J Appl Microbiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Sabry SA, Ghozlan HA, Abou-Zeid DM. Metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance patterns of a bacterial population isolated from sea water. J Appl Microbiol 1997; 82:245-52. [PMID: 12452601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb02858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total aerobic heterotrophic and metal-resistant bacterial communities were studied in marine water. The resistance patterns, expressed as MICs, for 81 bacterial isolates to eight heavy metals were surveyed by using the agar dilution method. A great proportion of the isolates were sensitive to cadmium (99%), mercury (91%), zinc (84%) and cobalt (83%). On the other hand, 94%, 40%, 35% and 22% were resistant to lead, nickel, arsenate and copper, respectively. The majority of the tested strains (95.06%) were multiple metal-resistant, with pentametal resistance as the major pattern (25.9%). The response of the isolates to 11 tested antibiotics was tested and ranged from complete resistance to total sensitivity and multiple antibiotic resistance was exhibited by 70.38% of the total isolated population. The highest incidence of metal-antibiotic double resistance existed between lead and all antibiotics (100%), copper and penicillin (95%) and nickel and ampicillin (83.3%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Sabry
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Margesin R, Schinner F. Bacterial heavy metal-tolerance — extreme resistance to nickel inArthrobacter spp. strains. J Basic Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620360410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
44
|
Leff LG, Vaun McArthur J, Shimkets LJ. Spatial and temporal variability of antibiotic resistance in freshwater bacterial assemblages. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1993.tb00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|