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Senthil Kumar S, Johnson MDL, Wilson JE. Insights into the enigma of oral streptococci in carcinogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0009523. [PMID: 38506551 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe genus Streptococcus consists of a taxonomically diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that have earned significant scientific interest due to their physiological and pathogenic characteristics. Within the genus Streptococcus, viridans group streptococci (VGS) play a significant role in the oral ecosystem, constituting approximately 80% of the oral biofilm. Their primary role as pioneering colonizers in the oral cavity with multifaceted interactions like adherence, metabolic signaling, and quorum sensing contributes significantly to the complex dynamics of the oral biofilm, thus shaping oral health and disease outcomes. Perturbations in oral streptococci composition drive oral dysbiosis and therefore impact host-pathogen interactions, resulting in oral inflammation and representing VGS as an opportunistic pathogen. The association of oral streptococci in tumors across distant organs, spanning the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colon, illuminates a potential association between oral streptococci, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. This finding emphasizes the need for further investigations into the role of oral streptococci in mucosal homeostasis and their involvement in carcinogenesis. Hence, here, we review the significance of oral streptococci in biofilm dynamics and how the perturbation may impact mucosal immunopathogenesis in the context of cancer, with a vision of exploiting oral streptococci for cancer intervention and for the development of non-invasive cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Senthil Kumar
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael D L Johnson
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin E Wilson
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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2
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Beattie RE. Probiotics for oral health: a critical evaluation of bacterial strains. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1430810. [PMID: 38979537 PMCID: PMC11228166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health is critical for total body health and well-being; however, little improvement in oral health status has occurred in the U.S. over the past 20 years. Tooth decay and gum disease remain highly prevalent, with more than 90% and 50% of adults suffering from these conditions, respectively. To combat this lack of improvement, alternative approaches to dental care are now being suggested. One such alternative therapy is probiotics for oral care. In the oral cavity, probiotic strains have been shown to reduce levels of oral pathogens, inhibit the formation of dental caries, and reduce the levels of bacteria that cause halitosis. However, as the oral care probiotic market expands, many products contain bacterial species and strains with no documented health benefits leading to confusion and mistrust among consumers and clinicians. This confusion is enhanced by the regulatory status of probiotic products which puts the onus of safety and efficacy on the manufacturer rather than a central regulatory body. The overarching goal of this review is to provide consumers and clinicians with documented evidence supporting (or refuting) the health benefits of oral care probiotics marketed for sale in the United States. This includes defining what constitutes an oral care probiotic product and a strain level analysis of candidate probiotics from the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus. Additionally, prebiotics and postbiotics will be discussed. Finally, a set of considerations for consumers and clinicians is provided to empower probiotic product decision making. Together, this review will improve understanding of oral care probiotics marketed in the US for dental professionals and consumers.
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3
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Könönen E. Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2354148. [PMID: 38766462 PMCID: PMC11100438 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2354148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces organisms reside on mucosal surfaces of the oropharynx and the genitourinary tract. Polymicrobial infections with Actinomyces organisms are increasingly being reported in the literature. Since these infections differ from classical actinomycosis, lacking of specific clinical and imaging findings, slow-growing Actinomyces organisms can be regarded as contaminants or insignificant findings. In addition, only limited knowledge is available about novel Actinomyces species and their clinical relevance. The recent reclassifications have resulted in the transfer of several Actinomyces species to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia. The spectrum of diseases associated with specific members of Actinomyces and these related genera varies. In human infections, the most common species are Actinomyces israelii, Schaalia meyeri, and Schaalia odontolytica, which are typical inhabitants of the mouth, and Gleimia europaea, Schaalia turicensis, and Winkia neuii. In this narrative review, the purpose was to gather information on the emerging role of specific organisms within the Actinomyces and related genera in polymicrobial infections. These include Actinomyces graevenitzii in pulmonary infections, S. meyeri in brain abscesses and infections in the lower respiratory tract, S. turicensis in skin-related infections, G. europaea in necrotizing fasciitis and skin abscesses, and W. neuii in infected tissues around prostheses and devices. Increased understanding of the role of Actinomyces and related species in polymicrobial infections could provide improved outcomes for patient care. Key messages Due to the reclassification of the genus, many former Actinomyces species belong to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia.Some of the species play emerging roles in specific infection types in humans.Increasing awareness of their clinical relevance as an established or a putative pathogen in polymicrobial infections brings about improved outcomes for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ozer NE, Sahin Z, Yikici C, Duyan S, Kilicarslan MA. Bacterial adhesion to composite resins produced by additive and subtractive manufacturing. Odontology 2024; 112:460-471. [PMID: 37819468 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and contact angle of composite resins produced by CAD/CAM milling and three-dimensional (3D) printing for permanent restorations as well as the adhesion of S. mutans and S. sanguinis bacteria to these composites. Three CAD/CAM milling composite resins (Vita Enamic-VE, Cerasmart-CE, Lava Ultimate-LU) and three 3D printing resins (Varseo Smile Crown plus-VSC, Saremco print Crowntech-SPC, Formlabs 3B Permanent crown-FLP) were selected. Twenty samples were prepared for each group. Using a contact profilometer, the surface roughness was determined, and an optical goniometer was used to quantify the contact angle. To evaluate the bacterial adhesion, composite specimens were immersed in mucin containing artificial saliva. All samples were incubated for 24 h at 37°C in 5% CO2. CFUs were determined by counting colonies after the incubation period. Surface roughness values of test samples were the highest in the Group VSC [0.46 (0.14) µm], whereas the lowest values were found in the Group LU [0.23 (0.05) µm]. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in contact angle values (p > 0.05). The S. mutans adhesion extent on the Group SPC was statistically higher compared to all other materials with p < 0.05. For S. sanguinis, the lowest bacterial adhesion value was recorded in Group CE (3.00 × 104 CFU/ml) and statistically significant differences were found with Group VE and VSC (p < 0.05). Different digital manufacturing techniques and material compositions can affect the surface roughnesses of composite resins. All composite resin samples have hydrophobic characteristics. Microbial adhesion of the tested composite resins may be varied depending on the bacterial species. S. mutans showed much more adhesion to these materials than S. sanguinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazire Esra Ozer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Söğütözü. 2179 St., 06510, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Sahin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Söğütözü. 2179 St., 06510, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Yikici
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Duyan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kilicarslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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Manzoor M, Leskelä J, Pietiäinen M, Martinez-Majander N, Könönen E, Niiranen T, Lahti L, Sinisalo J, Putaala J, Pussinen PJ, Paju S. Shotgun metagenomic analysis of the oral microbiome in gingivitis: a nested case-control study. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2330867. [PMID: 38528961 PMCID: PMC10962305 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2330867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gingivitis, i.e. inflammation of the gums, is often induced by dentalplaque. However, its exact link to the oral microbiota remains unclear. Methods In a case-control study involving 120 participants, comprising 60 cases and 60 controls (mean age (SD) 36.6 (7.6) years; 50% males), nested within a prospective multicentre cohort study, we examined theoral microbiome composition of gingivitis patients and their controlsusing shotgun metagenomic sequencing of saliva samples. Participants underwent clinical and radiographic oral health examinations, including bleeding on probing (BOP), at six tooth sites. BOP ≥33%was considered 'generalized gingivitis/initial periodontitis'(GG/IP), and BOP <33% as 'healthy and localized gingivitis'(H/LG). Functional potential was inferred using HUMANn3. Results GG/IP exhibited an increase in the abundance of Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, Aggregatibacter, Corynebacterium, Olsenella, and Treponema, whereas H/LG exhibited an increased abundance of Candidatus Nanosynbacter. Nineteen bacterial species and fourmicrobial functional profiles, including L-methionine, glycogen, andinosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis, were associated with GG/IP. Constructing models with multiple markers resulted in a strong predictive value for GG/IP, with an area under the curve (ROC) of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.848-0.966). Conclusion We observed distinct differences in the oral microbiome between the GG/IP and H/LG groups, indicating similar yet unique microbial profiles and emphasizing their potential role in progression of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Manzoor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Leskelä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Industrial Biotechnology and Food Protein Production, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lehrkinder A, Rydholm O, Wänström A, Nakamura K, Örtengren U. The formation of cariogenic plaque to contemporary adhesive restorative materials: an in vitro study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00913-5. [PMID: 38502470 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The research exploiting the ability of dental materials to induce or prevent secondary caries (SC) development still seems inconclusive. Controlling bacterial adhesion by releasing bacteriostatic ions and improving the surface structure has been suggested to reduce the occurrence of SC. This paper analyses the impact of five distinctively composed dental materials on cariogenic biofilm formation. Forty-five specimens of three composites (CeramX Spectra ST, Admira Fusion, Beautifil II) and two glass-ionomers (Fuji II LC, Caredyne Restore), respectively, were incubated in bacterial suspension composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius at pH 7.0 and 5.5. Coverslips were used as a control. Adhered bacteria were collected after 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fluoride leakage was measured at each collection. The specimens' surface topography was assessed using interferometry. In the present study, surface roughness seemed to have a partial role in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, together with chemical composition of the materials tested. Despite differences in fluoride leakage, biofilm accumulation was similar across materials, but the number of adhered bacteria differed significantly. A release of other ions may also affect adhesion. These variations suggest that certain materials may be more prone to initiating secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehrkinder
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Olivia Rydholm
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna Wänström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Hussain B, Simm R, Bueno J, Giannettou S, Naemi AO, Lyngstadaas SP, Haugen HJ. Biofouling on titanium implants: a novel formulation of poloxamer and peroxide for in situ removal of pellicle and multi-species oral biofilm. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae014. [PMID: 38435376 PMCID: PMC10907064 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Eradicating biofouling from implant surfaces is essential in treating peri-implant infections, as it directly addresses the microbial source for infection and inflammation around dental implants. This controlled laboratory study examines the effectiveness of the four commercially available debridement solutions '(EDTA (Prefgel®), NaOCl (Perisolv®), H2O2 (Sigma-Aldrich) and Chlorhexidine (GUM® Paroex®))' in removing the acquired pellicle, preventing pellicle re-formation and removing of a multi-species oral biofilm growing on a titanium implant surface, and compare the results with the effect of a novel formulation of a peroxide-activated 'Poloxamer gel (Nubone® Clean)'. Evaluation of pellicle removal and re-formation was conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to assess the surface morphology, elemental composition and chemical surface composition. Hydrophilicity was assessed through contact angle measurements. The multi-species biofilm model included Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, reflecting the natural oral microbiome's complexity. Biofilm biomass was quantified using safranin staining, biofilm viability was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and SEM was used for morphological analyses of the biofilm. Results indicated that while no single agent completely eradicated the biofilm, the 'Poloxamer gel' activated with 'H2O2' exhibited promising results. It minimized re-contamination of the pellicle by significantly lowering the contact angle, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity. This combination also showed a notable reduction in carbon contaminants, suggesting the effective removal of organic residues from the titanium surface, in addition to effectively reducing viable bacterial counts. In conclusion, the 'Poloxamer gel + H2O2' combination emerged as a promising chemical decontamination strategy for peri-implant diseases. It underlines the importance of tailoring treatment methods to the unique microbial challenges in peri-implant diseases and the necessity of combining chemical decontaminating strategies with established mechanical cleaning procedures for optimal management of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badra Hussain
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger Simm
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaime Bueno
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of the Postgraduate program in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Savvas Giannettou
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Robertsson C, Svensäter G, Davies JR, Bay Nord A, Malmodin D, Wickström C. Synergistic metabolism of salivary MUC5B in oral commensal bacteria during early biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0270423. [PMID: 37855449 PMCID: PMC10715109 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The study of bacterial interactions and salivary-mediated regulation of early dental biofilm activity is of interest for understanding oral microbial adaptation to environmental cues and biofilm maturation. Findings in oral commensals can prove useful from the perspectives of both oral and systemic health of the host, as well as the understanding of general microbial biofilm physiology. The knowledge may provide a basis for the development of prognostic biomarkers, or development of new treatment strategies, related to oral health and disease and possibly also to other biofilm-induced conditions. The study is also an important step toward developing the methodology for similar studies in other species and/or growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Robertsson
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia R. Davies
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Bay Nord
- Swedish NMR Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Wickström
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Geng H, Sun X, Zhang X, Yuan Y. Efficient titanium surface modified using bifunctional chimeric peptides to prevent biofilm formation by multiple microorganisms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113534. [PMID: 37690227 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms on the surfaces of oral implants. A chemical peptide with binding and antibacterial properties may be a promising agent if used to modify titanium (Ti) surfaces to inhibit biofilm formation. In this study, peptides were designed by linking the antimicrobial sequence derived from human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) to the Ti-binding peptide-1 (TBP-1) sequence by using a triple glycine (G) linker. The antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility characteristics of the chemical-peptide-modified Ti surface were then evaluated and the potential antibacterial mechanism was investigated. This study demonstrated that the chemical-peptide-modified surface exhibited satisfactory bactericidal activities against Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In addition to its potent bacteria-killing efficacy, the surface-immobilised chemical peptide also demonstrated excellent biocompatibility to L929 cells. Moreover, the disruption of the integrity of the bacterial membrane partially revealed the antibacterial mechanism of the peptide. This study demonstrated the potential of chemical-peptide-modified Ti surfaces for preventing the occurrence of peri-implant diseases, thereby providing a promising approach to improving the survival rate of oral implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Geng
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| | - Yang Yuan
- General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 154 An Shan Road, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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Reise M, Kranz S, Heyder M, Beck J, Roth C, Guellmar A, von Eggeling F, Schubert U, Löffler B, Sigusch B. Salivary Pellicle Formed on Dental Composites Evaluated by Mass Spectrometry-An In Situ Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6804. [PMID: 37836647 PMCID: PMC10574692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the oral environment, sound enamel and dental restorative materials are immediately covered by a pellicle layer, which enables bacteria to attach. For the development of new materials with repellent surface functions, information on the formation and maturation of salivary pellicles is crucial. Therefore, the present in situ study aimed to investigate the proteomic profile of salivary pellicles formed on different dental composites. (2) Methods: Light-cured composite and bovine enamel samples (controls) were exposed to the oral cavity for 30, 90, and 120 min. All samples were subjected to optical and mechanical profilometry, as well as SEM surface evaluation. Acquired pellicles and unstimulated whole saliva samples were analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS. The significance was determined by the generalized estimation equation and the post-hoc bonferroni adjustment. (3) Results: SEM revealed the formation of homogeneous pellicles on all test and control surfaces. Profilometry showed that composite surfaces tend to be of higher roughness compared to enamel. SELDI-TOF-MS detected up to 102 different proteins in the saliva samples and up to 46 proteins in the pellicle. Significant differences among 14 pellicle proteins were found between the composite materials and the controls. (4) Conclusions: Pellicle formation was material- and time-dependent. Proteins differed among the composites and to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Julius Beck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - André Guellmar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernd Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
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11
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Hoque MM, Espinoza-Vergara G, McDougald D. Protozoan predation as a driver of diversity and virulence in bacterial biofilms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad040. [PMID: 37458768 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoa are eukaryotic organisms that play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and maintaining balance in the food web. Predation, symbiosis and parasitism are three types of interactions between protozoa and bacteria. However, not all bacterial species are equally susceptible to protozoan predation as many are capable of defending against predation in numerous ways and may even establish either a symbiotic or parasitic life-style. Biofilm formation is one such mechanism by which bacteria can survive predation. Structural and chemical components of biofilms enhance resistance to predation compared to their planktonic counterparts. Predation on biofilms gives rise to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in prey that leads to trade-offs in virulence in other eukaryotes. Recent advances, using molecular and genomics techniques, allow us to generate new information about the interactions of protozoa and biofilms of prey bacteria. This review presents the current state of the field on impacts of protozoan predation on biofilms. We provide an overview of newly gathered insights into (i) molecular mechanisms of predation resistance in biofilms, (ii) phenotypic and genetic diversification of prey bacteria, and (iii) evolution of virulence as a consequence of protozoan predation on biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mozammel Hoque
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gustavo Espinoza-Vergara
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Diane McDougald
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Raksakmanut R, Thanyasrisung P, Sritangsirikul S, Kitsahawong K, Seminario A, Pitiphat W, Matangkasombut O. Prediction of Future Caries in 1-Year-Old Children via the Salivary Microbiome. J Dent Res 2023; 102:626-635. [PMID: 36919874 PMCID: PMC10399075 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231152802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children that causes negative effects on their health, development, and well-being. Early preventive interventions are key to reduce early childhood caries prevalence. An efficient strategy is to provide risk-based targeted prevention; however, this requires an accurate caries risk predictor, which is still lacking for infants before caries onset. We aimed to develop a caries prediction model based on the salivary microbiome of caries-free 1-y-old children. Using a nested case-control design within a prospective cohort study, we selected 30 children based on their caries status at 1-y follow-up (at 2 y old): 10 children who remained caries-free, 10 who developed noncavitated caries, and 10 who developed cavitated caries. Saliva samples collected at baseline before caries onset were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of β diversity analysis showed a significant difference in salivary microbiome composition between children who remained caries-free and those who developed cavitated caries at 2 y old (analysis of similarities, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected, P = 0.042). The relative abundance of Prevotella nanceiensis, Leptotrichia sp. HMT 215, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Campylobacter concisus in children who remained caries-free was significantly higher than in children who developed cavitated caries (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.024, 0.040, 0.049, and 0.049, respectively). These taxa were also identified as biomarkers for children who remained caries-free (linear discriminant analysis effect size, linear discriminant analysis score = 3.69, 3.74, 3.53, and 3.46). A machine learning model based on these 4 species distinguished between 1-y-old children who did and did not develop cavitated caries at 2 y old, with an accuracy of 80%, sensitivity of 80%, and specificity of 80% (area under the curve, 0.8; 95% CI, 44.4 to 97.5). Our findings suggest that these salivary microbial biomarkers could assist in predicting future caries in caries-free 1-y-old children and, upon validation, are promising for development into an adjunctive tool for caries risk prediction for prevention and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Raksakmanut
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P. Thanyasrisung
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S. Sritangsirikul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- PhD Program in Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - K. Kitsahawong
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - A.L. Seminario
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - W. Pitiphat
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - O. Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yacob N, Ahmad NA, Safii SH, Yunus N, Abdul Razak F. Is microbial adhesion affected by the build orientation of a 3-dimensionally printed denture base resin? J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00268-8. [PMID: 37210224 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM How the build orientation of a 3-dimensionally (3D) printed denture affects microbial adhesion is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the adherence of Streptococcus spp. and Candida spp. on 3D-printed denture bases prepared at different build orientations with conventional heat-polymerized resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Resin specimens (n=5) with standardized 28.3 mm2 surface area were 3D printed at 0 and 60 degrees, and heat-polymerized (3DP-0, 3DP-60, and HP, respectively). The specimens were placed in a Nordini artificial mouth (NAM) model and exposed to 2 mL of clarified whole saliva to create a pellicle-coated substratum. Suspensions of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, and a mixed species, each at 108 cfu/mL were pumped separately into the model for 24 hours to promote microbial adhesion. The resin specimens were then removed, placed in fresh media, and sonicated to dislodge attached microbes. Each suspension (100 μL) was aliquoted and spread on agar plates for colony counting. The resin specimens were also examined under a scanning electron microscope. The interaction between types of specimen and groups of microbes was examined with 2-way ANOVA and then further analysis with Tukey honest significant test and Kruskal-Wallis post hoc tests (α=.05). RESULTS A significant interaction was observed between the 3DP-0, 3DP-60, and HP specimen types and the groups of microbes adhering to the corresponding denture resin specimens (P<.05). The difference was statistically significant among 3DP-0, 3DP-60, and HP specimens (P<.05). The adherence of candida was 3.98-times lower on the 3DP-0 than that of HP (P<.05). However, adherence of the mixed-species microbes and streptococci on the 3DP-60 were 1.75 times and 2-fold higher, respectively (P<.05). The scanning electron micrographs showed that 3DP-0 exhibited the lowest microbial adherence compared with HP and 3DP-60. CONCLUSIONS Adherence affinity of denture base resin is affected by the build orientation rather than by the group of different microbes. Three-dimensionally printed denture base resin fabricated at a 0-degree build orientation exhibited low affinity for microbial adhesion. Three-dimensionally printed dentures may reduce microbial adhesion when printed at a 0-degree build orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlela Yacob
- Graduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Norasmatul Akma Ahmad
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Syarida Hasnur Safii
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsiah Yunus
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fathilah Abdul Razak
- Professor, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Adam FA, Mohd N, Rani H, Mohd Yusof MYP, Baharin B. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the comparative effectiveness of Salvadora persica - extract mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate in periodontal health. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115863. [PMID: 36283639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvadora persica L., also known as miswak, is an indigenous plant most prevalent in the Middle Eastern, some Asian, and African countries. It has medicinal and prophylactics function for numerous illnesses, including periodontal disease. Various trials, apart from World Health Organization encouragement have contributed to the production and use of S. persica in extract form in the formulation of mouthwash. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical effect of Salvadora persica-extract mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis functions. METHODS Using the PRISMA 2020 Protocol, a systematic search of the publications was undertaken from the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholars for randomized control trials published through 31st January 2022 to determine the effectiveness of Salvadora persica-extract mouthwash relative to chlorhexidine gluconate as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis properties. RESULTS A total of 1809 titles and abstracts were screened. Of these, twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review while only sixteen were selected for meta-analysis. The overall effects of standardized mean difference and 95% CI were 0.89 [95% CI 0.09 to 1.69] with a χ2 statistic of 2.54, 15 degrees of freedom (p < 0.00001), I2 = 97% as anti-plaque function and 95% CI were 0.12 [95% CI -0.43 to 0.67] with a χ2 statistic of 0.68 with 10 degree of freedom (p < 0.00001), I2 = 89% as anti-gingivitis. CONCLUSION This review suggests that Salvadora persica-extract mouthwash causes a significant reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation. While the improvement is inferior to chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, S. persica-extract mouthwash may be considered as a herbal alternative to the user pursuing periodontal care with natural ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fara Azwin Adam
- Center for Periodontology Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurulhuda Mohd
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Haslina Rani
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof
- Centre for Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics and Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Badiah Baharin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Genomic Diversity among Actinomyces naeslundii Strains and Closely Related Species. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020254. [PMID: 36838222 PMCID: PMC9964710 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and clarify the ambiguous taxonomy of Actinomyces naeslundii and its closely related species using state-of-the-art high-throughput sequencing techniques, and, furthermore, to determine whether sub-clusters identified within Actinomyces oris and Actinomyces naeslundii in a previous study by multi locus sequence typing (MLST) using concatenation of seven housekeeping genes should either be classified as subspecies or distinct species. The strains in this study were broadly classified under Actinomyces naeslundii group as A. naeslundii genospecies I and genospecies II. Based on MLST data analysis, these were further classified as A. oris and A. naeslundii. The whole genome sequencing of selected strains of A. oris (n = 17) and A. naeslundii (n = 19) was carried out using Illumina Genome Analyzer IIxe and Roche 454 allowing paired-end and single-reads sequencing, respectively. The sequences obtained were aligned using CLC Genomic workbench version 5.1 and annotated using RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) release version 59 accessible online. Additionally, genomes of seven publicly available strains of Actinomyces (k20, MG1, c505, OT175, OT171, OT170, and A. johnsonii) were also included. Comparative genomic analysis (CGA) using Mauve, Progressive Mauve, gene-by-gene, Core, and Pan Genome, and finally Digital DNA-DNA homology (DDH) analysis was carried out. DDH values were obtained using in silico genome-genome comparison. Evolutionary analysis using ClonalFrame was also undertaken. The mutation and recombination events were compared using chi-square test among A. oris and A. naeslundii isolates (analysis methods are not included in the study). CGA results were consistent with previous traditional classification using MLST. It was found that strains of Actinomyces k20, MG1, c505, and OT175 clustered in A. oris group of isolates, while OT171, OT170, and A. johnsonii appeared as separate branches. Similar clustering to MLST was observed for other isolates. The mutation and recombination events were significantly higher in A. oris than A. naeslundii, highlighting the diversity of A. oris strains in the oral cavity. These findings suggest that A. oris forms six distinct groups, whereas A. naeslundii forms three. The correct designation of isolates will help in the identification of clinical Actinomyces isolates found in dental plaque. Easily accessible online genomic sequence data will also accelerate the investigation of the biochemical characterisation and pathogenesis of this important group of micro-organisms.
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Shen Y, Yu F, Qiu L, Gao M, Xu P, Zhang L, Liao X, Wang M, Hu X, Sun Y, Pan Y. Ecological influence by colonization of fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans in oral biofilm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1106392. [PMID: 36699726 PMCID: PMC9868560 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is one of the oldest and most common infections in humans. Improved oral hygiene practices and the presence of fluoride in dentifrices and mouth rinses have greatly reduced the prevalence of dental caries. However, increased fluoride resistance in microbial communities is concerning. Here, we studied the effect of fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on oral microbial ecology and compare it with wild-type S. mutans in vitro. Methods Biofilm was evaluated for its polysaccharide content, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, acid-producing ability, and related lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), arginine deiminase (ADS), and urease enzymatic activity determination. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate the S. mutans ratio within the biofilm. It was followed by 16S rRNA sequencing to define the oral microbial community. Results Fluoride-resistant S. mutans produced increased polysaccharides in presence of NaF (P < 0.05). The enzymatic activities related to both acid and base generation were less affected by the fluoride. In presence of 275 ppm NaF, the pH in the fluoride-resistant strain sample was lower than the wild type. We observed that with the biofilm development and accumulative fluoride concentration, the fluoride-resistant strain had positive relationships with other bacteria within the oral microbial community, which enhanced its colonization and survival. Compared to the wild type, fluoride-resistant strain significantly increased the diversity and difference of oral microbial community at the initial stage of biofilm formation (4 and 24 h) and at a low fluoride environment (0 and 275 ppm NaF) (P < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that fluoride-resistant strain enhanced the metabolic pathways and glucose transfer. Conclusions Fluoride-resistant S. mutans affected the microecological balance of oral biofilm and its cariogenic properties in vitro, indicating its negative impact on fluoride's caries prevention effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Sun
- *Correspondence: Yihuai Pan, ; Yan Sun,
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Catalan RE, Fragkopoulos AA, von Trott N, Kelterborn S, Baidukova O, Hegemann P, Bäumchen O. Light-regulated adsorption and desorption of Chlamydomonas cells at surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:306-314. [PMID: 36520090 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial colonization of surfaces represents the first step towards biofilm formation, which is a recurring phenomenon in nature with beneficial and detrimental implications in technological and medical settings. Consequently, there is interest in elucidating the fundamental aspects of the initial stages of biofilm formation of microorganisms on solid surfaces. While most of the research is oriented to understand bacterial surface colonization, the fundamental principles of surface colonization of motile, photosynthetic microbes remain largely unexplored so far. Recent single-cell studies showed that the flagellar adhesion of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is switched on in blue light and switched off under red light [Kreis et al., Nat. Phys., 2018, 14, 45-49]. Here, we study this light-switchable surface association on the population level and measure the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of suspensions of motile C. reinhardtii cells on glass surfaces using bright-field optical microscopy. We observe that both processes exhibit a response lag relative to the time at which the blue- and red-light conditions are set and model this feature using time-delayed Langmuir-type kinetics. We find that cell adsorption occurs significantly faster than desorption, which we attribute to the protein-mediated molecular adhesion mechanism of the cells. Adsorption experiments using phototactically blind C. reinhardtii mutants demonstrate that phototaxis does not affect the cell adsorption kinetics. Hence, this framework can be used as an assay for characterizing the dynamics of the surface colonization of microbial species exhibiting light-regulated surface adhesion under precisely controlled environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo E Catalan
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Alexandros A Fragkopoulos
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Nicolas von Trott
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon Kelterborn
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Baidukova
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Bäumchen
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Duque C, Chrisostomo DA, Souza ACA, de Almeida Braga GP, Dos Santos VR, Caiaffa KS, Pereira JA, de Oliveira WC, de Aguiar Ribeiro A, Parisotto TM. Understanding the Predictive Potential of the Oral Microbiome in the Development and Progression of Early Childhood Caries. Curr Pediatr Rev 2023; 19:121-138. [PMID: 35959611 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220811124848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to the destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools, including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches, have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC. CONCLUSION The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Alvim Chrisostomo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Amanda Caselato Andolfatto Souza
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pacheco de Almeida Braga
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Warlley Campos de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Apoena de Aguiar Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United State
| | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Panariello BHD, Mody DP, Eckert GJ, Witek L, Coelho PG, Duarte S. Low-Temperature Plasma Short Exposure to Decontaminate Peri-Implantitis-Related Multispecies Biofilms on Titanium Surfaces In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1549774. [PMID: 37228507 PMCID: PMC10205409 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1549774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of low-temperature plasma (LTP) is a novel approach to treating peri-implantitis. LTP disrupts the biofilm while conditioning the surrounding host environment for bone growth around the infected implant. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of LTP on newly formed (24 h), intermediate (3 days), and mature (7 days) peri-implant-related biofilms formed on titanium surfaces. METHODS Actinomyces naeslundii (ATCC 12104), Porphyromonas gingivalis (W83), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 35037), and Veillonella dispar (ATCC 17748) were cultivated in brain heart infusion supplemented with 1% yeast extract, hemin (0.5 mg/mL), and menadione (5 mg/mL) and kept at 37°C in anaerobic conditions for 24 h. Species were mixed for a final concentration of ~105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL (OD = 0.01), and the bacterial suspension was put in contact with titanium specimens (7.5 mm in diameter by 2 mm in thickness) for biofilm formation. Biofilms were treated with LTP for 1, 3, and 5 min at 3 or 10 mm from plasma tip to sample. Controls were those having no treatment (negative control, NC) and argon flow under the same LTP conditions. Positive controls were those treated with 14 μg/mL amoxicillin and 140 μg/mL metronidazole individually or combined and 0.12% chlorhexidine (n = 6 per group). Biofilms were evaluated by CFU, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Comparisons among bacteria; 24 h, 3-day, and 7-day biofilms; and treatments for each biofilm were made. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were applied (α = 0.05). RESULTS Bacterial growth was observed in all NC groups, corroborated by FISH. LTP treatment significantly reduced all bacteria species compared to the NC in all biofilm periods and treatment conditions (p ≤ 0.016), and CLSM corroborated these results. CONCLUSION Within the limitation of this study, we conclude that LTP application effectively reduces peri-implantitis-related multispecies biofilms on titanium surfaces in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drashty P. Mody
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Duarte
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
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Macadangdang BR, Makanani SK, Miller JF. Accelerated Evolution by Diversity-Generating Retroelements. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:389-411. [PMID: 35650669 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-030322-040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create vast amounts of targeted, functional diversity by facilitating the rapid evolution of ligand-binding protein domains. Thousands of DGRs have been identified in bacteria, archaea, and their respective viruses. They are broadly distributed throughout the microbial world, with enrichment observed in certain taxa and environments. The diversification machinery works through a novel mechanism termed mutagenic retrohoming, whereby nucleotide sequence information is copied from an invariant DNA template repeat (TR) into an RNA intermediate, selectively mutagenized at TR adenines during cDNA synthesis by a DGR-encoded reverse transcriptase, and transferred to a variable repeat (VR) region within a variable-protein gene (54). This unidirectional flow of information leaves TR-DNA sequences unmodified, allowing for repeated rounds of mutagenic retrohoming to optimize variable-protein function. DGR target genes are often modular and can encode one or more of a wide variety of discrete functional domains appended to a diversifiable ligand-binding motif. Bacterial variable proteins often localize to cell surfaces, although a subset appear to be cytoplasmic, while phage-encoded DGRs commonly diversify tail fiber-associated receptor-binding proteins. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism and consequences of accelerated protein evolution by these unique and beneficial genetic elements. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Macadangdang
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara K Makanani
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Jeff F Miller
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Dabbah K, Perelshtein I, Gedanken A, Houri-Haddad Y, Feuerstein O. Effects of a ZnCuO-Nanocoated Ti-6Al-4V Surface on Bacterial and Host Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072514. [PMID: 35407847 PMCID: PMC8999654 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of a novel ZnCuO nanoparticle coating for dental implants—versus those of conventional titanium surfaces—on bacteria and host cells. A multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was grown for 14 days on various titanium discs: machined, sandblasted, sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), ZnCuO-coated, and hydroxyapatite discs. Bacterial species were quantified with qPCR, and their viability was examined via confocal microscopy. Osteoblast-like and macrophage-like cells grown on the various discs for 48 h were examined for proliferation using an XTT assay, and for activity using ALP and TNF-α assays. The CSLM revealed more dead bacteria in biofilms grown on titanium than on hydroxyapatite, and less on sandblasted than on machined and ZnCuO-coated surfaces, with the latter showing a significant decrease in all four biofilm species. The osteoblast-like cells showed increased proliferation on all of the titanium surfaces, with higher activity on the ZnCuO-coated and sandblasted discs. The macrophage-like cells showed higher proliferation on the hydroxyapatite and sandblasted discs, and lower activity on the SLA and ZnCuO-coated discs. The ZnCuO-coated titanium has anti-biofilm characteristics with desired effects on host cells, thus representing a promising candidate in the complex battle against peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dabbah
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (K.D.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (K.D.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Osnat Feuerstein
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (K.D.); (Y.H.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-6778158
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22
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Miyaji H, Mayumi K, Kanemoto Y, Okamoto I, Hamamoto A, Kato A, Sugaya T, Akasaka T, Tanaka S. Ultrasonic irrigation of periodontal pocket with surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) nanofiller dispersion improves periodontal parameters in beagle dogs. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:222-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Biofilm community development has been established as a sequential process starting from the attachment of single cells on a surface. However, microorganisms are often found as aggregates in the environment and in biological fluids. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the native structure and composition of aggregated microbial assemblages in human saliva and investigate their spatiotemporal attachment and biofilm community development. Using multiscale imaging, cell sorting, and computational approaches combined with sequencing analysis, a diverse mixture of aggregates varying in size, structure, and microbial composition, including bacteria associated with host epithelial cells, can be found in saliva in addition to a few single-cell forms. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a mixture of complex consortia of aerobes and anaerobes in which bacteria traditionally considered early and late colonizers are found mixed together. When individually tracked during colonization and biofilm initiation, aggregates rapidly proliferate and expand tridimensionally, modulating population growth, spatial organization, and community scaffolding. In contrast, most single cells remain static or are incorporated by actively growing aggregates. These results suggest an alternative biofilm development process whereby aggregates containing different species or associated with human cells collectively adhere to the surface as “growth nuclei” to build the biofilm and shape polymicrobial communities at various spatial and taxonomic scales.
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Bioconversion of Glycosidic Precursors from Sour Guava ( Psidium friedrichsthalianum Nied.) Fruit by the Oral Microbiota into Odor-Active Volatile Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041269. [PMID: 35209057 PMCID: PMC8875828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the human oral microbiota to hydrolyze the glycosidic aroma precursor extract isolated from sour guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum Nied.) fruits was studied herein. The glycosidic extract (GP) was incubated with a mixture of the oral microbiota isolated from three individuals’ saliva to evaluate the hydrolytic capacity of oral bacteria in the generation of odor-active compounds. The oral microbiota was able to release 1-hexanol from GP, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Additionally, the aroma precursor extracts showed a decrease in the growth of harmful oral bacteria (Streptococcus and Actinomyces). This effect can be considered beneficial to human health because these bacteria have been related to different diseases of the bucco-respiratory tract.
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25
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The Impact of Early Saliva Interaction on Dental Implants and Biomaterials for Oral Regeneration: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042024. [PMID: 35216139 PMCID: PMC8875286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of saliva in the oral environment is relevant for several essential health processes. However, the noncontrolled early saliva interaction with biomaterials manufactured for oral rehabilitation may generate alterations in the superficial properties causing negative biological outcomes. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a compilation of all possible physical-chemical-biological changes caused by the early saliva interaction in dental implants and materials for oral regeneration. Dental implants, bone substitutes and membranes in dentistry possess different properties focused on improving the healing process when in contact with oral tissues. The early saliva interaction was shown to impair some positive features present in biomaterials related to quick cellular adhesion and proliferation, such as surface hydrophilicity, cellular viability and antibacterial properties. Moreover, biomaterials that interacted with contaminated saliva containing specific bacteria demonstrated favorable conditions for increased bacterial metabolism. Additionally, the quantity of investigations associating biomaterials with early saliva interaction is still scarce in the current literature and requires clarification to prevent clinical failures. Therefore, clinically, controlling saliva exposure to sites involving the application of biomaterials must be prioritized in order to reduce impairment in important biomaterial properties developed for rapid healing.
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26
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Evaluation of 12-hour in situ bacterial colonization on smooth restorative material surfaces. J Dent 2022; 119:104071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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27
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Succession of oral bacterial colonizers on dental implant materials: An in vitro biofilm model. Dent Mater 2022; 38:384-396. [PMID: 34953626 PMCID: PMC8828709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral bacterial adhesion on dental implant materials has been extensively studied using in vitro systems but has yielded results restricted to in vitro growth patterns due to limitations in species selection, sustained fastidious anaerobe growth, and mixed culture longevity. The aim of this study was to develop an oral bacterial biofilm model consisting of colonizers representative of the oral microbiome exhibiting temporal shifts characteristic of plaque development and maturation in vivo. METHODS Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were grown in monoculture prior to combination in mixed culture. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2) disks with polished, acid-etched, or sandblasted surfaces were prepared to evaluate oral bacterial adhesion. After 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, genomic DNA from planktonic and adherent bacteria was isolated. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to enumerate the amount and proportion of each species. RESULTS Early-colonizing S. oralis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, dominated after 6 h prior to secondary colonization by F. nucleatum and V. parvula in planktonic (1 day) and sessile (3 days) form. A. naeslundii maintained relatively low but stable bacterial counts throughout testing. After 14 days, late-colonizing P. gingivalis became established in mixed culture and persisted, becoming the dominant species after 21 days. The composition of adherent bacteria across all substrates was statistically similar at all timepoints with notable exceptions including lower S. oralis bacterial counts on polished cpTi (3 days). SIGNIFICANCE Within the present model's limitations, multispecies oral bacterial attachment is similar on surface-treated cpTi and ZrO2.
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28
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Zhou P, Manoil D, Belibasakis GN, Kotsakis GA. Veillonellae: Beyond Bridging Species in Oral Biofilm Ecology. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:774115. [PMID: 35048073 PMCID: PMC8757872 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.774115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Veillonella comprises 16 characterized species, among which eight are commonly found in the human oral cavity. The high abundance of Veillonella species in the microbiome of both supra- and sub-gingival biofilms, and their interdependent relationship with a multitude of other bacterial species, suggest veillonellae to play an important role in oral biofilm ecology. Development of oral biofilms relies on an incremental coaggregation process between early, bridging and later bacterial colonizers, ultimately forming multispecies communities. As early colonizer and bridging species, veillonellae are critical in guiding the development of multispecies communities in the human oral microenvironment. Their ability to establish mutualistic relationships with other members of the oral microbiome has emerged as a crucial factor that may contribute to health equilibrium. Here, we review the general characteristics, taxonomy, physiology, genomic and genetics of veillonellae, as well as their bridging role in the development of oral biofilms. We further discuss the role of Veillonella spp. as potential “accessory pathogens” in the human oral cavity, capable of supporting colonization by other, more pathogenic species. The relationship between Veillonella spp. and dental caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis is also recapitulated in this review. We finally highlight areas of future research required to better understand the intergeneric signaling employed by veillonellae during their bridging activities and interspecies mutualism. With the recent discoveries of large species and strain-specific variation within the genus in biological and virulence characteristics, the study of Veillonella as an example of highly adaptive microorganisms that indirectly participates in dysbiosis holds great promise for broadening our understanding of polymicrobial disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Translational Periodontal Research Lab, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Kotsakis
- Translational Periodontal Research Lab, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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29
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Marin LM, Xiao Y, Cury JA, Siqueira WL. Modulation of Streptococcus mutans Adherence to Hydroxyapatite by Engineered Salivary Peptides. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020223. [PMID: 35208678 PMCID: PMC8875007 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the modification of the proteinaceous components of the Acquired Enamel Pellicle (AEP) could influence the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans, the most cariogenic bacteria, to dental surfaces, we assessed if engineered salivary peptides would affect the adherence and modulate the bacterial proteome upon adherence. Single-component AEPs were formed onto hydroxyapatite (HAp) discs by incubating them with statherin, histatin-3, DR9, DR9-DR9, DR9-RR14, RR14, and parotid saliva. Then, the discs were inoculated with S. mutans UA159 and the bacteria were allowed to adhere for 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h (n = 12/treatment/time point). The number of bacteria adhered to the HAp discs was determined at each time point and analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. Cell-wall proteins were extracted from adhered, planktonic, and inoculum (baseline) bacteria and proteome profiles were obtained after a bottom-up proteomics approach. The number of adhered bacteria significantly increased over time, being the mean values obtained at 8 h, from highest to lowest, as follows: DR9-RR14 > statherin > RR14 = DR9-DR9 > DR9 = histatin3 > saliva (p < 0.05). Treatments modulated the bacterial proteome upon adherence. The findings suggested a potential use of our engineered peptide DR9-DR9 to control S. mutans biofilm development by reducing bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Maria Marin
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada;
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Schulich School of Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Jaime Aparecido Cury
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba CEP 13414-903, Brazil;
| | - Walter Luiz Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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30
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Shafiei F, Ghavami-Lahiji M, Jafarzadeh Kashi TS, Najafi F. Drug release kinetics and biological properties of a novel local drug carrier system. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 18:94. [PMID: 35003559 PMCID: PMC8672127 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.330875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity of a novel drug delivery system for treatment of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study addresses the fabrication of a polycaprolactone/alginic acid-based polymeric film loaded with metronidazole, as a basic drug in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Films were prepared by solvent casting technique. Four formulations with different percentages of drug by weight (3%, 5%, 9%, and 13%) were prepared. Drug release kinetics were investigated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy during (one week). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Cytotoxicity of drug-loaded system extracts was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using L929 cells after 24-h incubation. The results were evaluated according to ISO standard 10993-5 and assessed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: All polymeric films showed a burst drug release followed by a gradual release. Drug release data were fitted well with the first-order kinetic model in all drug-containing formulations indicating that drug release is a fraction of remaining drug in the matrix. Drug release is mainly driven by diffusion of medium into the composite matrix. 3%wt metronidazole-containing formulation exhibited the best MTT result. Conclusion: The findings of this study supported the synthesis of drug-loaded periodontal films with 3% metronidazole due to better biological properties along with the ability of acceptable drug release to eradicate anaerobic periodontal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shafiei
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrsima Ghavami-Lahiji
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Ma Q, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Yu S, Huang J, Liu Y, Gong T, Li Y, Zou J. Post-translational Modifications in Oral Bacteria and Their Functional Impact. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:784923. [PMID: 34925293 PMCID: PMC8674579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria colonize the oral cavity, surrounding complex and variable environments. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are an efficient biochemical mechanism across all domains of life. Oral bacteria could depend on PTMs to quickly regulate their metabolic processes in the face of external stimuli. In recent years, thanks to advances in enrichment strategies, the number and variety of PTMs that have been identified and characterized in oral bacteria have increased. PTMs, covalently modified by diverse enzymes, occur in amino acid residues of the target substrate, altering the functions of proteins involved in different biological processes. For example, Ptk1 reciprocally phosphorylates Php1 on tyrosine residues 159 and 161, required for Porphyromonas gingivalis EPS production and community development with the antecedent oral biofilm constituent Streptococcus gordonii, and in turn Php1 dephosphorylates Ptk1 and rapidly causes the conversion of Ptk1 to a state of low tyrosine phosphorylation. Protein acetylation is also widespread in oral bacteria. In the acetylome of Streptococcus mutans, 973 acetylation sites were identified in 445 proteins, accounting for 22.7% of overall proteins involving virulence factors and pathogenic processes. Other PTMs in oral bacteria include serine or threonine glycosylation in Cnm involving intracerebral hemorrhage, arginine citrullination in peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), leading to inflammation, lysine succinylation in P. gingivalis virulence factors (gingipains, fimbriae, RagB, and PorR), and cysteine glutathionylation in thioredoxin-like protein (Tlp) in response to oxidative stress in S. mutans. Here we review oral bacterial PTMs, focusing on acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, citrullination, succinylation, and glutathionylation, and corresponding modifying enzymes. We describe different PTMs in association with some examples, discussing their potential role and function in oral bacteria physiological processes and regulatory networks. Identification and characterization of PTMs not only contribute to understanding their role in oral bacterial virulence, adaption, and resistance but will open new avenues to treat oral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Elnagdy S, Raptopoulos M, Kormas I, Pedercini A, Wolff LF. Local Oral Delivery Agents with Anti-Biofilm Properties for the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis. A Narrative Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5661. [PMID: 34577132 PMCID: PMC8467993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many discoveries over the past 20 years regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, as well as significant advances in our understanding of microbial biofilms, the incidence of these pathologies continues to rise. For this reason, it was clear that other strategies were needed to eliminate biofilms. In this review, the literature database was searched for studies on locally delivered synthetic agents that exhibit anti-biofilm properties and their potential use in the treatment of two important oral diseases: periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Elnagdy
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Michail Raptopoulos
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Ioannis Kormas
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Alessandro Pedercini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Larry F. Wolff
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
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33
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Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus oralis 34. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0076021. [PMID: 34472981 PMCID: PMC8411913 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00760-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus oralis is an early colonizer and one of the most abundant species found in the human oral cavity. We report the complete genome sequence of S. oralis 34 (1,920,884 bp; GC content, 41.3%), commonly used in many oral microbiology studies exploring bacterial attachment and interaction(s) within mixed-species model systems.
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34
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Moussa DG, Siqueira WL. Bioinspired caries preventive strategy via customizable pellicles of saliva-derived protein/peptide constructs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17007. [PMID: 34417532 PMCID: PMC8379205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries has been the most widespread chronic disease globally associated with significant health and financial burdens. Caries typically starts in the enamel, which is a unique tissue that cannot be healed or regrown; nonetheless, new preventive approaches have limitations and no effective care has developed yet. Since enamel is a non-renewable tissue, we believe that the intimate overlaying layer, the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP), plays a crucial lifetime protective role and could be employed to control bacterial adhesion and dental plaque succession. Based on our identified AEP whole proteome/peptidome, we investigated the bioinhibitory capacities of the native abundant proteins/peptides adsorbed in pellicle-mimicking conditions. Further, we designed novel hybrid constructs comprising antifouling and antimicrobial functional domains derived from statherin and histatin families, respectively, to attain synergistic preventive effects. Three novel constructs demonstrated significant multifaceted bio-inhibition compared to either the whole saliva and/or its native proteins/peptides via reducing biomass fouling and inducing biofilm dispersion beside triggering bacterial cell death. These data are valuable to bioengineer precision-guided enamel pellicles as an efficient and versatile prevention remedy. In conclusion, integrating complementary acting functional domains of salivary proteins/peptides is a novel translational approach to design multifunctional customizable enamel pellicles for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina G Moussa
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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35
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Thomas C, Minty M, Vinel A, Canceill T, Loubières P, Burcelin R, Kaddech M, Blasco-Baque V, Laurencin-Dalicieux S. Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1376. [PMID: 34441309 PMCID: PMC8391932 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is host to a complex and diverse microbiota community which plays an important role in health and disease. Major oral infections, i.e., caries and periodontal diseases, are both responsible for and induced by oral microbiota dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is known to have an impact on other chronic systemic diseases, whether triggering or aggravating them, making the oral microbiota a novel target in diagnosing, following, and treating systemic diseases. In this review, we summarize the major roles that oral microbiota can play in systemic disease development and aggravation and also how novel tools can help investigate this complex ecosystem. Finally, we describe new therapeutic approaches based on oral bacterial recolonization or host modulation therapies. Collaboration in diagnosis and treatment between oral specialists and general health specialists is of key importance in bridging oral and systemic health and disease and improving patients' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thomas
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Minty
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Vinel
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Canceill
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR CNRS 5085, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d’Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubières
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Remy Burcelin
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Myriam Kaddech
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sara Laurencin-Dalicieux
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1295, Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations de Toulouse (CERPOP), Epidémiologie et Analyse en Santé Publique, Risques, Maladies Chroniques et Handicaps, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Adam FA, Mohd N, Rani H, Baharin B, Mohd Yusof MYP. Salvadora persica L. chewing stick and standard toothbrush as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis tool: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:113882. [PMID: 33513418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvadora persica L. chewing stick, commonly known as miswak is still being used as an oral hygiene tool for plaque control and prevention against gingivitis. Various studies have reported on the therapeutics and prophylactic effects particularly on periodontal disease. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of S. persica chewing stick compared to the standard toothbrush for anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of literature was done from the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. Literature that fulfilled eligibility criteria was identified. Data measuring plaque score and bleeding score were extracted. Qualitative and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. RESULTS From 1736 titles and abstracts screened, eight articles were utilized for qualitative analysis, while five were selected for meta-analysis. The pooled effect estimates of SMD and 95% CI were -0.07 [-0.60 to 0.45] with an χ2 statistic of 0.32 (p = 0.0001), I2 = 80% as anti-plaque function and 95% CI were -2.07 [-4.05 to -0.10] with an χ2 statistic of 1.67 (p = 0.02), I2 = 82%. CONCLUSION S. persica chewing stick is a tool that could control plaque, comparable to a standard toothbrush. Further, it has a better anti-gingivitis effect and can be used as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fara Azwin Adam
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Center for Periodontology Studies, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhuda Mohd
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Haslina Rani
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Badiah Baharin
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof
- Centre for Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics and Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Blank E, Grischke J, Winkel A, Eberhard J, Kommerein N, Doll K, Yang I, Stiesch M. Evaluation of biofilm colonization on multi-part dental implants in a rat model. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 34144677 PMCID: PMC8212458 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are highly prevalent biofilm-associated diseases affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants. As antibiotic treatment is ineffective to fully cure biofilm mediated infections, antimicrobial modifications of implants to reduce or prevent bacterial colonization are called for. Preclinical in vivo evaluation of the functionality of new or modified implant materials concerning bacterial colonization and peri-implant health is needed to allow progress in this research field. For this purpose reliable animal models are needed. Methods Custom made endosseous dental implants were installed in female Sprague Dawley rats following a newly established three-step implantation procedure. After healing of the bone and soft tissue, the animals were assigned to two groups. Group A received a continuous antibiotic treatment for 7 weeks, while group B was repeatedly orally inoculated with human-derived strains of Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis for six weeks, followed by 1 week without inoculation. At the end of the experiment, implantation sites were clinically assessed and biofilm colonization was quantified via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biofilm samples were tested for presence of the administered bacteria via PCR analysis. Results The inner part of the custom made implant screw could be identified as a site of reliable biofilm formation in vivo. S. oralis and F. nucleatum were detectable only in the biofilm samples from group B animals. P. gingivalis was not detectable in samples from either group. Quantification of the biofilm volume on the implant material revealed no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Clinical inspection of implants in group B animals showed signs of mild to moderate peri-implant mucositis (4 out of 6) whereas the mucosa of group A animals appeared healthy (8/8). The difference in the mucosa health status between the treatment groups was statistically significant (p = 0.015). Conclusions We developed a new rodent model for the preclinical evaluation of dental implant materials with a special focus on the early biofilm colonization including human-derived oral bacteria. Reliable biofilm quantification on the implant surface and the symptoms of peri-implant mucositis of the bacterially inoculated animals will serve as a readout for experimental evaluation of biofilm-reducing modifications of implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blank
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Grischke
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- The University of Sydney Dental School & The Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadine Kommerein
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Doll
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ines Yang
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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da Costa Rosa T, de Almeida Neves A, Azcarate-Peril MA, Divaris K, Wu D, Cho H, Moss K, Paster BJ, Chen T, B. Freitas-Fernandes L, Fidalgo TKS, Tadeu Lopes R, Valente AP, R. Arnold R, de Aguiar Ribeiro A. The bacterial microbiome and metabolome in caries progression and arrest. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1886748. [PMID: 34188775 PMCID: PMC8211139 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1886748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This in vivo experimental study investigated bacterial microbiome and metabolome longitudinal changes associated with enamel caries lesion progression and arrest. Methods: We induced natural caries activity in three caries-free volunteers prior to four premolar extractions for orthodontic reasons. The experimental model included placement of a modified orthodontic band on smooth surfaces and a mesh on occlusal surfaces. We applied the caries-inducing protocol for 4- and 6-weeks, and subsequently promoted caries lesion arrest via a 2-week toothbrushing period. Lesions were verified clinically and quantitated via micro-CT enamel density measurements. The biofilm microbial composition was determined via 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and NMR spectrometry was used for metabolomics. Results: Biofilm maturation and caries lesion progression were characterized by an increase in Gram-negative anaerobes, including Veillonella and Prevotella. Streptococcus was associated caries lesion progression, while a more equal distribution of Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) characterized arrest. Lactate, acetate, pyruvate, alanine, valine, and sugars were more abundant in mature biofilms compared to newly formed biofilms. Conclusions: These longitudinal bacterial microbiome and metabolome results provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of the biofilm in caries progression and arrest and offer promising candidate biomarkers for validation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Brazil
- Centre for Oral Clinical and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Hunyong Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kevin Moss
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA
| | - Liana B. Freitas-Fernandes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Brazil
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana K. S. Fidalgo
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roland R. Arnold
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Apoena de Aguiar Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Wu M, Huang S, Du J, Jiang S, Cai Z, Zhan L, Huang X. Role of D-alanylation of Streptococcus mutans lipoteichoic acid in interspecies competitiveness. Mol Oral Microbiol 2021; 36:233-242. [PMID: 33977670 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is essential for the physiological metabolism of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). This study was designed to investigate the influence of D-alanylation of LTA on interspecies competitiveness of S. mutans. METHODS The process of D-alanylation was blocked by the inactivation of dltC. Agar competition assays, conditioned medium assays, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the production of antimicrobial compounds in S. mutans mutant. Dual-species biofilm was formed to investigate the competitiveness of S. mutans mutant cocultured with S. sanguinis or S. gordonii. RESULTS S. mutans mutant could not produce antimicrobial compounds efficiently when cocultured with commensal bacteria (*p < 0.05). The mutant showed compromised competitiveness in dual-species biofilms. The ratio of the mutant in dual-species biofilms decreased, and the terminal pH of the culture medium in mutant groups (mutant+S. sanguinis/S. gordonii) was higher than that in wild-type groups (*p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed weaker demineralization of enamel treated with dual-species biofilms consisting of mutant and commensal bacteria. CONCLUSION D-Alanylation is involved in interspecies competitiveness of S. mutans within oral biofilm by regulating mutacins and lactic acid production, which may modulate the profiles of dental biofilms. Results provide new insights into dental caries prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyu Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orofacial Sciences, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Okamoto I, Miyaji H, Miyata S, Shitomi K, Sugaya T, Ushijima N, Akasaka T, Enya S, Saita S, Kawasaki H. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Photodynamic Activities of Lysozyme-Au Nanoclusters/Rose Bengal Conjugates. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9279-9290. [PMID: 33842797 PMCID: PMC8028138 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) utilizes reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (1O2) and free radicals via photosensitizers, which are light and light-sensitive agents, to reduce bacterial infections. It has been utilized as a treatment for dental diseases in place of antibiotic therapies. However, aPDT does not always cause the desired therapeutic effect due to the instability of organic photosensitizers and the formation of bacterial biofilms. To promote the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of aPDT, we have proposed a lysozyme (Lys)-gold nanoclusters (Au NCs)/rose bengal (Lys-Au NCs/RB) conjugate as a novel photosensitizer. This conjugate was found to effectively impede the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria when exposed to white light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation. The photoexcited Lys-Au NCs/RB showed significantly higher antibacterial activity than photoexcited Lys-Au NCs or RB alone. The synergistic effect is a result of the combination of Lys (an antibacterial protein) and enhanced 1O2 generation related to resonance energy transfer (RET) in the Au NCs/RB conjugate. Photoexcited Lys-Au NCs/RB increased the effects of aPDT in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the photoexcited Lys-Au NCs/RB successfully decreased Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. However, in contrast, it did not have a negative effect on the proliferation, adhesion, or spread of mammalian cells, indicating low cytotoxicity. Lys-Au NCs/RB is a novel photosensitizer with low cytotoxicity that is capable of bacterial inactivation and the suppression of biofilm formation, and could help to improve dental treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichie Okamoto
- Department
of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department
of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department
of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kanako Shitomi
- Division
of Periodontology and Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department
of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Support
Section for Education and Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University,
N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department
of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Satoshi Enya
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials
and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8689, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saita
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials
and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8689, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials
and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8689, Japan
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Cugini C, Ramasubbu N, Tsiagbe VK, Fine DH. Dysbiosis From a Microbial and Host Perspective Relative to Oral Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617485. [PMID: 33763040 PMCID: PMC7982844 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of microbiology and immunology with regard to caries and periodontal disease gained substantial clinical or research consideration in the mid 1960's. This enhanced emphasis related to several simple but elegant experiments illustrating the relevance of bacteria to oral infections. Since that point, the understanding of oral diseases has become increasingly sophisticated and many of the original hypotheses related to disease causality have either been abandoned or amplified. The COVID pandemic has reminded us of the importance of history relative to infectious diseases and in the words of Churchill "those who fail to learn from history are condemned to repeat it." This review is designed to present an overview of broad general directions of research over the last 60 years in oral microbiology and immunology, reviewing significant contributions, indicating emerging foci of interest, and proposing future directions based on technical advances and new understandings. Our goal is to review this rich history (standard microbiology and immunology) and point to potential directions in the future (omics) that can lead to a better understanding of disease. Over the years, research scientists have moved from a position of downplaying the role of bacteria in oral disease to one implicating bacteria as true pathogens that cause disease. More recently it has been proposed that bacteria form the ecological first line of defense against "foreign" invaders and also serve to train the immune system as an acquired host defensive stimulus. While early immunological research was focused on immunological exposure as a modulator of disease, the "hygiene hypothesis," and now the "old friends hypothesis" suggest that the immune response could be trained by bacteria for long-term health. Advanced "omics" technologies are currently being used to address changes that occur in the host and the microbiome in oral disease. The "omics" methodologies have shaped the detection of quantifiable biomarkers to define human physiology and pathologies. In summary, this review will emphasize the role that commensals and pathobionts play in their interaction with the immune status of the host, with a prediction that current "omic" technologies will allow researchers to better understand disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cugini
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
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Bilgili Can D, Dündar A, Barutçugil Ç, Koyuncu Özyurt Ö. Evaluation of surface characteristic and bacterial adhesion of low-shrinkage resin composites. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1783-1793. [PMID: 33586287 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the surface characteristics of low shrinkage composites and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis to these materials. Control material (glass) and three low shrinkage composites (Charisma Diamond, Kalore GC, Beatiful II LS) were used. After polishing procedure was applied to composite specimens, surface roughness (SR), surface free energy (SFE), and contact angle measurements were performed. Surfaces of composite were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After pellicle formation with artificial saliva, S. mutans and S. mitis biofilms were incubated in 5% CO2 for 24 h at 37°C and were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The lowest SR and highest SFE values were found in the control group. While the contact angle of control was statistically lower than composites, statistically difference was not found between composite groups. S. mutans adhesion of composites was significantly lower than control group, but there was no significant difference between composites. S. mitis adhesion of all groups was statistically similar. SR did not affect the S. mutans and S. mitis adhesion. Less adherence of S. mutans to low shrinkage composites was associated with low SFE and high contact angle values. Even though the highest SR was observed in the Charisma Diamond, no difference was found between the composites in terms of bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilber Bilgili Can
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Dündar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Barutçugil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Koyuncu Özyurt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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43
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Mayumi K, Miyaji H, Miyata S, Nishida E, Furihata T, Kanemoto Y, Sugaya T, Shitomi K, Akasaka T. Antibacterial coating of tooth surface with ion-releasing pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) nanofillers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06147. [PMID: 33644453 PMCID: PMC7889979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers release antibacterial borate and fluoride ions. We fabricated nanoscale S-PRG fillers (S-PRG nanofillers) for antibacterial coating of tooth surfaces and assessed the antibacterial effects of this coating in vitro. In addition, we creating a canine model of periodontitis to evaluate the effectiveness of S-PRG nanofiller application on tooth roots and improvement of periodontal parameters. METHODS Human dentin blocks were coated with S-PRG nanofiller (average particle size: 0.48 μm) and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), and ion-releasing test. Antibacterial effects of dentin blocks coated with S-PRG nanofiller were examined using bacterial strains, Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii. Next, we created an experimental model of periodontitis in furcation of premolars of beagle dogs. Then, S-PRG nanofiller coating was applied onto exposed tooth root surfaces. Periodontal parameters, gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured from baseline until 4 weeks. In addition, bone healing was radiographically and histologically examined. RESULTS SEM and EDX revealed that S-PRG nanofillers uniformly covered the dentin surface after coating. Dentin blocks coated with S-PRG nanofiller showed ion-releasing property, bacterial growth inhibition, and sterilization effects. In the experimental periodontitis model, S-PRG nanofiller coating significantly reduced clinical inflammatory parameters, such as GI (P < 0.01) and BOP (P < 0.05), compared to uncoated samples. In addition, PPD and CAL significantly decreased by S-PRG nanofiller coating (2 weeks: P < 0.05; 3 and 4 weeks: P < 0.01), suggesting the improvement of periodontitis. Micro-CT and histology revealed that bone healing of furcation defects was enhanced by S-PRG nanofiller coating. CONCLUSION S-PRG nanofiller coating provides antibacterial effects to tooth surfaces and improves clinical parameters of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Mayumi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Erika Nishida
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Furihata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yukimi Kanemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kanako Shitomi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
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44
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Ali S, Sangi L, Kumar N, Kumar B, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS. Evaluating antibacterial and surface mechanical properties of chitosan modified dental resin composites. Technol Health Care 2021; 28:165-173. [PMID: 31594266 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibacterial properties are beneficial and desired for dental restorative composite materials. The incorporation of various antimicrobial agents into resin composites may compromise their physical and mechanical properties hence limiting their applications. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the hardness of microhybrid and flowable resin based composites (RBCs) modified using novel antimicrobial agent chitosan (CS). METHODS The antibacterial activity of microhybrid and flowable RBCs modified with 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/w chitosan (CS) against Actinomyces viscous bacteria was explored using agar diffusion test and direct contact methods. The hardness of control and experimental RBCs was determined by Vickers hardness (VH) tester. RESULTS The results revealed that control and experimental flowable and microhybrid RBCs did not demonstrate growth inhibition zone in the lawn growth of Actinomyces viscous. The direct contact test revealed that colony forming unit (CFU) count of Actinomyces viscous was comparable among the experimental and control materials. The flowable RBCs containing 1% CS had significantly higher VH compared to control and other experimental flowable RBC groups. The microhybrid RBCs consisting of 0.50% CS exhibited significantly higher VH compared to experimental microhybrid RBC group containing 1% CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Laila Sangi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Material, RIPHAH International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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45
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Hu Y, Chen Y, Lin L, Zhang J, Lan R, Wu B. Studies on antimicrobial peptide-loaded nanomaterial for root caries restorations to inhibit periodontitis related pathogens in periodontitis care. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:89-99. [PMID: 33153344 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2020.1842528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To prepare a novel antimicrobial peptide Nal-P-113 loaded poly (ethylene glycol) combined chitosan nanoparticles (Nal-P-113-PEG-CSNPs) for root caries restorations to control the periodontitis related pathogens in periodontitis care. METHODS Nanoparticles were prepared by simple polymerisation method and characterised using effective analytical methods (TEM, UV, etc.). The antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation of Nal-P-113-PEG-CSNPs was tested against periodontal bacterial pathogens by different in vitro methods. RESULTS The size of Nal-P-113 loaded PEG-Chitosn nanoparticles was 216.2 ± 1.6 nm. The drug encapsulation efficiency (%EE (w/w) of Nal-P-113-PEG-CSNPs was found to be 89.33 ± 1.67% (w/w). The antimicrobial examination showed that prepared NPs have effectively inhibited the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus gordonii, and Porphyromonas gingivalis with the MIC of 23 µg/mL, 6 µg/mL and 31 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prepared antimicrobial peptide-loaded PEG-CSNPs provide excellent in vitro efficiency but, further studies are necessary to confirm its therapeutic efficacy on periodontitis care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Hu
- Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Rengang Lan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Zhong H, Li Y, Shi Z, Ren H, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Tang S, Han X, Lin Y, Yang F, Wang D, Fang C, Fu Z, Wang L, Zhu S, Hou Y, Xu X, Yang H, Wang J, Kristiansen K, Li J, Ji L. Sex- and age-related trajectories of the adult human gut microbiota shared across populations of different ethnicities. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:87-100. [PMID: 37118004 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-020-00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Lifelong sex- and age-related trajectories of the human gut microbiota remain largely unexplored. Using metagenomics, we derived the gut microbial composition of 2,338 adults (26-76 years) from a Han Chinese population-based cohort where metabolic health, hormone levels and aspects of their lifestyles were also recorded. In this cohort, and in three independent cohorts distributed across China, Israel and the Netherlands, we observed sex differences in the gut microbial composition and a shared age-related decrease in sex-dependent differences in gut microbiota. Compared to men, the gut microbiota of premenopausal women exhibited higher microbial diversity and higher abundances of multiple species known to have beneficial effects on host metabolism. We also found consistent sex-independent, age-related gut microbial characteristics across all populations, with the presence of members of the oral microbiota being the strongest indicator of older chronological age. Our findings highlight the existence of sex- and age-related trajectories in the human gut microbiota that are shared between populations of different ethnicities and emphasize the pivotal links between sex hormones, gut microbiota and host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Huanzi Zhong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Huahui Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, China
| | | | - Fangming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chao Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zuodi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Junhua Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, China.
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In vitro Interactions between Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus salivarius K12 on a Titanium Cylindrical Surface. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121069. [PMID: 33419248 PMCID: PMC7765831 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a steadily rising disease and is caused by oral bacterial pathogens able to form biofilm on implant surfaces and peri-implant tissues, making antibiotics treatment less effective. The use of commercial probiotics against oral pathogens could serve as an alternative to prevent biofilm formation. Streptococcus intermedius is one of the early colonizers of biofilm formation in dental implants. The aim of this study was to model the interaction between S. intermedius and Streptococcus salivarius strain K12, a probiotic bacterium producing bacteriocins. S. intermedius was co-cultured with S. salivarius K12 in an in vitro model simulating the biofilm formation in a dental implant composed by a titanium cylinder system. Biofilm formation rate was assessed by Real-Time PCR quantification of bacterial count and expression levels of luxS gene, used in response to cell density in the biofilm. Biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, luxS expression patterns were found to be already expressed within the first 12 h. More importantly, S. salivarius K12 was able to counter the biofilm formation in a titanium cylinder under the tested condition. In conclusion, our dental implant model may be useful for exploring probiotic-pathogen interaction to find an alternative to antibiotics for peri-implantitis treatment.
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48
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Suzuki I, Shimizu T, Senpuku H. Short chain fatty acids induced the type 1 and type 2 fimbrillin-dependent and fimbrillin-independent initial attachment and colonization of Actinomyces oris monoculture but not coculture with streptococci. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:329. [PMID: 33129273 PMCID: PMC7603776 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinomyces oris is an early colonizer and has two types of fimbriae on its cell surface, type 1 fimbriae (FimP and FimQ) and type 2 fimbriae (FimA and FimB), which contribute to the attachment and coaggregation with other bacteria and the formation of biofilm on the tooth surface, respectively. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolic products of oral bacteria including A. oris and regulate pH in dental plaques. To clarify the relationship between SCFAs and fimbrillins, effects of SCFAs on the initial attachment and colonization (INAC) assay using A. oris wild type and fimbriae mutants was investigated. INAC assays using A. oris MG1 strain cells were performed with SCFAs (acetic, butyric, propionic, valeric and lactic acids) or a mixture of them on human saliva-coated 6-well plates incubated in TSB with 0.25% sucrose for 1 h. The INAC was assessed by staining live and dead cells that were visualized with a confocal microscope. RESULTS Among the SCFAs, acetic, butyric and propionic acids and a mixture of acetic, butyric and propionic acids induced the type 1 and type 2 fimbriae-dependent and independent INAC by live A. oris, but these cells did not interact with streptococci. The main effects might be dependent on the levels of the non-ionized acid forms of the SCFAs in acidic stress conditions. GroEL was also found to be a contributor to the FimA-independent INAC by live A. oris cells stimulated with non-ionized acid. CONCLUSION SCFAs affect the INAC-associated activities of the A. oris fimbrillins and non-fimbrillins during ionized and non-ionized acid formations in the form of co-culturing with other bacteria in the dental plaque but not impact the interaction of A. oris with streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Suzuki
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimizu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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49
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Džupová O, Kulichová J, Beneš J. Disseminated Pelvic Actinomycosis Caused by Actinomyces Naeslundii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110748. [PMID: 33137889 PMCID: PMC7694143 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by continuous local spread, irrespective of anatomical barriers, and granulomatous suppurative inflammation. Due to its expansive local growth, it can simulate a malignant tumour. Subsequent hematogenous dissemination to distant organs can mimic metastases and further increase suspicion for malignancy. A case of severe disseminated pelvic actinomycosis associated with intrauterine device is described here. The patient presented with a pelvic mass mimicking a tumour, bilateral ureteral obstruction, ascites, multinodular involvement of the liver, lungs and spleen, inferior vena cava thrombosis and extreme cachexia. Actinomycosis was diagnosed by liver biopsy and confirmed by culture of Actinomyces naeslundii from extracted intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Prolonged treatment with aminopenicillin and surgery resulted in recovery with moderate sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Džupová
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Na Bulovce, 100 81 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jana Kulichová
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Na Bulovce, 100 81 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Beneš
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Na Bulovce, 100 81 Prague, Czech Republic;
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50
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Lim BS, Kim BH, Shon WJ, Ahn SJ. Effects of Caries Activity on Compositions of Mutans Streptococci in Saliva-Induced Biofilm Formed on Bracket Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214764. [PMID: 33114489 PMCID: PMC7663262 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of caries activity on composition of mutans streptococci in saliva-induced biofilms formed on bracket materials. Three bracket materials were used as specimens: ceramic, metal, and plastic. After saliva was collected using a spitting method from caries-active (CA, decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) score ≥ 10) and caries-free (CF, DMFT score = 0) subjects, saliva was mixed with growth media in a proportion of 1:10. The saliva solution was then incubated with each bracket material. After a saliva-induced biofilm was developed on the surface of the bracket material, the amounts of total bacteria and mutans streptococci were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that biofilms from CA saliva contained more mutans streptococci but less total bacteria than biofilms from CF saliva, regardless of material type. Adhesion of total bacteria to ceramic was higher than to plastic, regardless of caries activity. Mutans streptococci adhered more to ceramic than to metal and plastic in both biofilms from CA and CF saliva, but there was a difference in adhesion between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. The amount of S. mutans was higher than that of S. sobrinus in biofilms from CA saliva despite similar amounts of the two strains in biofilms from CF saliva. The stronger adhesion of S. mutans to ceramic than to metal and plastic was more evident in biofilms from CA saliva than in biofilms from CF saliva. This study suggests that caries activity and material type significantly influenced composition of mutans streptococci in biofilms formed on bracket materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Soon Lim
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Dental Biomaterial Science, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Bo-Hyun Kim
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Sug-Joon Ahn
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-2671
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