1
|
Rajakaruna S, Pérez-Burillo S, Rufián-Henares JÁ, Paliy O. Human gut microbiota fermentation of cooked eggplant, garlic, and onion supports distinct microbial communities. Food Funct 2024; 15:2751-2759. [PMID: 38380654 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Heating and cooking vegetables not only enhances their palatability but also modifies their chemical structure, which in turn might affect their fermentation by resident gut microbes. Three commonly consumed vegetables that are known to undergo chemical browning, also known as Maillard reaction, during cooking - eggplant, garlic, and onion - were each fried, grilled, or roasted. The cooked vegetables were then subjected to an in vitro digestion-fermentation process aimed to simulate the passage of food through the human oro-gastro-intestinal tract. In the last step, the undigested fractions of these foods were anaerobically fermented by the complex human gut microbiota. We assessed the structure of microbial communities maintained on each cooked vegetable by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, measured the levels of furosine, a chemical marker of the Maillard browning reaction, by HPLC, and determined the antioxidant capacities in all samples with ABTS and FRAP methods. Overall, vegetable type had the largest, statistically significant, effect on the microbiota structure followed by the cooking method. Onion fermentation supported a more beneficial community including an expansion of Bifidobacterium members and inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae. Fermentation of cooked garlic promoted Faecalibacterium growth. Among cooking methods, roasting led to a much higher ratio of beneficial-to-detrimental microbes in comparison with grilling and frying, possibly due to the exclusion of any cooking oil in the cooking process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu Rajakaruna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, 45435, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
| | - Sergio Pérez-Burillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, 45435, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Ángel Rufián-Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Oleg Paliy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, 45435, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bernard R, Shilts MH, Strickland BA, Boone HH, Payne DC, Brown RF, Edwards K, Das SR, Nicholson MR. The relationship between the intestinal microbiome and body mass index in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:242-251. [PMID: 37953184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), as assessed by their body mass index percentile (BMIp), is a critical determinant of long-term health outcomes. While the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in nutrition, little is known regarding the relationship of the microbiome and BMIp in children with CF. METHODS Pediatric patients (< 18 years old) with CF and healthy comparison patients (HCs) were enrolled in the study and stool samples obtained. BMIp was categorized as Green Zone (BMIp > 50th), Yellow Zone (BMIp 25th-49th) and Red Zone (BMIp < 25th). Intestinal microbiome assessment was performed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing; microbial richness, diversity, and differential species abundance were assessed. RESULTS Stool samples were collected from 107 children with CF and 50 age-matched HCs. Compared to HCs, children with CF were found to have lower bacterial richness, alpha-diversity, and a different microbial composition. When evaluating them by their BMIp color zone, richness and alpha-diversity were lowest in those in the Red Zone. In addition, an unclassified amplicon sequence variant (ASV) of Blautia, a known butyrate-producing anaerobe, was of lowest abundance in children in the Red Zone. CONCLUSION Children with CF have a dysbiotic intestinal microbiome with specific changes that accompany changes in BMIp. Longitudinal assessments of the microbiome and its metabolic activities over time are needed to better understand how improvements in the microbiome may improve nutrition and enhance long-term survival in children with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monroe Carell Junior Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Meghan H Shilts
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University of Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Britton A Strickland
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Helen H Boone
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University of Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Daniel C Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Rebekah F Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Monroe Carell Junior Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kathryn Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Monroe Carell Junior Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Suman R Das
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University of Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee, USA; Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Maribeth R Nicholson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monroe Carell Junior Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montserrat-Malagarriga M, Castillejos L, Salas-Mani A, Torre C, Martín-Orúe SM. The Impact of Fiber Source on Digestive Function, Fecal Microbiota, and Immune Response in Adult Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:196. [PMID: 38254365 PMCID: PMC10812474 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of different fiber sources on intestinal function, fecal microbiota, and overall health in dogs. Twelve dogs were used in a crossover design, involving three periods of 6 weeks and three diets: a low-fiber diet (CTR), a cereal-fiber and beet-pulp-supplemented diet (BRA), and a fruit-fiber-supplemented diet (FRU). Each period included a digestibility trial and fecal and blood sampling in the last week. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota taxonomy (16S rRNA Illumina-MiSeq) and functionality (Shotgun-NovaSeq 6000) were determined in the feces. General biochemistry, complete blood cells, and lymphocyte subsets were also analyzed. The fiber-supplemented diets showed lower digestibility without significant changes in the fecal consistency. The BRA diet showed higher total SCFA concentrations (p = 0.056), with increases in alpha diversity and particular beneficial genera, such as Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium. The BRA microbiota was also associated with an overabundance of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The FRU diet had a distinct impact on the microbiota composition and functionality, leading to higher levels of CD8 lymphocytes. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting the right fiber source when formulating dog diets, as it can have a differential impact on gut microbiota and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Montserrat-Malagarriga
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.M.M.-O.)
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.M.M.-O.)
| | - Anna Salas-Mani
- Affinity Pet Care, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902 Barcelona, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Celina Torre
- Affinity Pet Care, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902 Barcelona, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Susana M. Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.M.M.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arora R, Kaur R, Babbar R, Dhingra S, Dhingra AK, Grewal AS. Evolving Advances in the Cosmetic use of Probiotics and Postbiotics: Health, Regulatory and Marketing Aspects. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1349-1361. [PMID: 37403398 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230703115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing development in cosmetics is increasingly making use of probiotics, which are defined as "live microorganisms with health-enhancing properties mediated through ingestion or topical application to the host". The observation that several bacterial strains augment normal processes of healthy tissue maintenance, particularly for the skin, has opened up new avenues for the use of bacterial strains in cosmetics. A principal feature of such "cosmeceuticals" is an application of increasing insight into the biochemical nature of the skin's normal microbial flora, also called its microbiome. The opportunity of manipulating the skin microbiome to address various skin disorders has revealed novel routes for treatment. The skin microbiome manipulation approaches to address various skin disorders include skin microbiome transplantation, skin bacteriotherapy, and prebiotic stimulation. Research in this field has revealed that medical outcome-targeted manipulation of skin microbiome bacterial strain makeup may significantly increase skin health and appearance. Commercial availability of probiotic skincare products is rapidly expanding worldwide due to satisfactory laboratory results and public perception of probiotics as being intrinsically more wholesome than other bioactive substances, such as synthetics. Major outcomes of probiotic use include a significant reduction in skin wrinkling, acne and other conditions adversely affecting skin appearance and healthy function. Moreover, probiotics may additionally promote normal skin hydration, resulting in a vibrant and lustrous appearance. Nevertheless, significant technical challenges remain for the full optimization of probiotics in cosmetic products. This article summarizes the evolving nature of this field and explores current probiotic research initiatives, along with regulatory aspects and significant challenges in the manufacturing of cosmetics in the context of market expansion for these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Smriti Dhingra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ajmer S Grewal
- Department of Pharmacy, Global Research Institute of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ribeiro PVDM, Veloso TG, de Oliveira LL, Mendes NP, Alfenas RDCG. Consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet increased the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria in obese adults. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3085-3099. [PMID: 37807018 PMCID: PMC10689717 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics can alter the gastrointestinal environment, favoring the growth of health-promoting bacteria. Although yacon is a functional food, with prebiotic properties (fructooligosaccharides), its effects on the intestinal microbiota have not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yacon flour consumption and energy-restricted diet in the intestinal microbiota in adults with excess body weight. Twenty-one adults with excess body weight were included in this randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical trial. Subjects daily consumed at breakfast a drink containing 25 g of yacon flour (n = 11) or not containing yacon (n = 10) and received the prescription of energy-restricted diets. Fecal samples were collected on the first and on last day of the study. 16S rRNA sequencing was assessed to evaluate the effect of yacon fermentation on intestinal microbiota bacterial composition. There was an increase in the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Subdoligranulum, and Streptococcus after the consumption of yacon and energy-restricted diet. In the yacon group, we also observed a positive correlation between the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids versus the genera Coprococcus and Howardella, besides a negative correlation between the concentrations of advanced glycation end products and early glycation products versus the genera Ruminococcus and Prevotella, respectively. Consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet selectively changed the intestinal microbiota composition in adults with excess body weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Register number: RBR-6YH6BQ. Registered 23 January, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vaz de Melo Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Tomas Gomes Veloso
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Licursi de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Nélia Pinheiro Mendes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akbaba M, Gökmen GG, Kışla D, Nalbantsoy A. In Vivo Investigation of Supportive Immunotherapeutic Combination of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 and Doxorubicin in Murine Breast Cancer. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:880-888. [PMID: 35112297 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in a xenograft model in BALB/c mice injected with 4T1 cells as a support for chemotherapeutic treatments of doxorubicin in vivo. The MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin against cancer cells, and apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometry. 4T1 cells (2 × 104 cells/mouse) were injected to BALB/c mice, and mice were fed with/without gavage B. infantis milk (108 CFU/mL) for 14 days and treated with doxorubicin on 5th and 10th days. The weights of the mice were recorded during the study, and the tumor sizes were measured by caliper at the 14th day. CD8 + T cell response was analyzed by using flow cytometer, and the results were compared to control and tumor control groups. The IC50 value for doxorubicin on 4T1 cell lines was determined as 0.053 ± 0.012 µg/mL. The apoptotic effect of doxorubicin at IC50 concentration was determined as 82.3% of cells to late apoptosis, 3.6% of cells to pro-apoptosis, and 6.2% of cells to necrosis. The treatment of doxorubicin, B. infantis milk, and the combination of them inhibited the tumor volumes by 55.50%, 40.69%, and 75.95%, respectively. B. infantis administration significantly enhanced the PHA-induced splenocyte proliferation (P < 0.05). It was shown that IFN-γ was effective in tumor growth and regression of metastasis. Consequently, the combination of B. infantis milk and doxorubicin showed the best anti-tumor effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Akbaba
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Gurur Gökmen
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kışla
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maftei NM, Iancu AV, Elisei AM, Gurau TV, Ramos-Villarroel AY, Lisa EL. Functional Characterization of Fermented Beverages Based on Soy Milk and Sea Buckthorn Powder. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1493. [PMID: 37374995 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Limitations of dairy products, such as lactose intolerance, problems related to a high cholesterol intake in diet, malabsorption, and the requirement for cold storage facilities, as well as an increasing demand for new foods and tastes, have initiated a trend in the development of non-dairy probiotic products. The possibility of producing beverages based on soy milk, sea buckthorn powder, and fermented by Bifidobacterium bifidus (Bb-12®, Bb) strain at different temperatures (30 °C and 37 °C) was examined. Strain viability, pH, and titratable acidity were measured during the fermentation period while the viability, pH, titratable acidity, and water holding capacity were determined during the storage time at 4 °C ± 1 °C within 14 days. Additionally, the survival and stability of Bb-12®, inoculated into a functional beverage when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, were assessed. The results obtained in this study revealed that the content of potent bioactive compounds in fermented soy milk and sea buckthorn powder depends on the processing conditions, the bacteria used in the fermentation step, and storage time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Maricica Maftei
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
- Medical Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Children Hospital "Sf. Ioan", 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Alina-Viorica Iancu
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
- Medical Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases "Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva", 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Alina Mihaela Elisei
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Tudor Vladimir Gurau
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana Yndira Ramos-Villarroel
- School of Science of Agro and Environment, Campus the Guaritos, University of Oriente, Av. University, Maturín 6201, Venezuela
| | - Elena Lacramioara Lisa
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Li Z, Jin W, Mao S. Isolation and Characterization of Ruminal Yeast Strain with Probiotic Potential and Its Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota of Hu Sheep. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121260. [PMID: 36547593 PMCID: PMC9781649 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast strains are widely used in ruminant production. However, knowledge about the effects of rumen native yeasts on ruminants is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain a rumen native yeast isolate and investigate its effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbiota in Hu sheep. Yeasts were isolated by picking up colonies from agar plates, and identified by sequencing the ITS sequences. One isolate belonging to Pichia kudriavzevii had the highest optical density among these isolates obtained. This isolate was prepared to perform an animal feeding trial. A randomized block design was used for the animal trial. Sixteen Hu sheep were randomly assigned to the control (CON, fed basal diet, n = 8) and treatment group (LPK, fed basal diet plus P. kudriavzevii, CFU = 8 × 109 head/d, n = 8). Sheep were housed individually and treated for 4 weeks. Compared to CON, LPK increased final body weight, nutrient digestibility and rumen acetate concentration and acetate-to-propionate ratio in sheep. The results of Illumina MiSeq PE 300 sequencing showed that LPK increased the relative abundance of lipolytic bacteria (Anaerovibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) and probiotic bacteria (Faecalibacterium spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.). For rumen eukaryotes, LPK increased the genera associated with fiber degradation, including protozoan Polyplastron and fungus Pichia. Our results discovered that rumen native yeast isolate P. kudriavzevii might promote the digestion of fibers and lipids by modulating specific microbial populations with enhancing acetate-type fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
González-Vázquez R, Zúñiga-León E, Torres-Maravilla E, Leyte-Lugo M, Mendoza-Pérez F, Hernández-Delgado NC, Pérez-Pastén-Borja R, Azaola-Espinosa A, Mayorga-Reyes L. Genomic and Biochemical Characterization of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCLA3 Isolated from Human Intestine. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2100. [PMID: 36363691 PMCID: PMC9695335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria have been investigated due to their mutualistic microbe-host interaction with humans throughout their life. This work aims to make a biochemical and genomic characterization of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCLA3. By multilocus analysis, the species of B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3 was established as pseudocatenulatum. It contains one circular genome of 2,369,863 bp with G + C content of 56.6%, no plasmids, 1937 CDSs, 54 tRNAs, 16 rRNAs, 1 tmRNA, 1 CRISPR region, and 401 operons predicted, including a CRISPR-Cas operon; it encodes an extensive number of enzymes, which allows it to utilize different carbohydrates. The ack gene was found as part of an operon formed by xfp and pta genes. Two genes of ldh were found at different positions. Chromosomally encoded resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin, non-hemolytic activity, and moderate inhibition of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 were demonstrated by B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3; it can survive 100% in simulated saliva, can tolerate primary and secondary glyco- or tauro-conjugated bile salts but not in a mix of bile; the strain did not survive at pH 1.5-5. The cbh gene coding to choloylglycine hydrolase was identified in its genome, which could be related to the ability to deconjugate secondary bile salts. Intact cells showed twice as much antioxidant activity than debris. B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3 showed 49% of adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The genome and biochemical analysis help to elucidate further possible biotechnological applications of B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Unidad Xochimilco, CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico 1100, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Zúñiga-León
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico 1100, Mexico
| | - Edgar Torres-Maravilla
- INRAE, AgroPArisTEch, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Martha Leyte-Lugo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Unidad Xochimilco, CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico 1100, Mexico
| | - Felipe Mendoza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico 1100, Mexico
| | - Natalia C. Hernández-Delgado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular y Celular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Pastén-Borja
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular y Celular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Azaola-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico 1100, Mexico
| | - Lino Mayorga-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico 1100, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aziz T, Naveed M, Sarwar A, Makhdoom SI, Mughal MS, Ali U, Yang Z, Shahzad M, Sameeh MY, Alruways MW, Dablool AS, Almalki AA, Alamri AS, Alhomrani M. Functional Annotation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 13-3 as a Potential Starter Probiotic Involved in the Food Safety of Fermented Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175399. [PMID: 36080167 PMCID: PMC9458025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The important role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains in improving the human mucosal and systemic immunity, preventing non-steroidal anti-provocative drug-induced reduction in T-regulatory cells, and as probiotic starter cultures in food processing has motivated in-depth molecular and genomic research of these strains. The current study, building on this research concept, reveals the importance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 13-3 as a potential probiotic and bacteriocin-producing strain that helps in improving the condition of the human digestive system and thus enhances the immunity of the living beings via various extracellular proteins and exopolysaccharides. We have assessed the stability and quality of the L. plantarum 13-3 genome through de novo assembly and annotation through FAST-QC and RAST, respectively. The probiotic-producing components, secondary metabolites, phage prediction sites, pathogenicity and carbohydrate-producing enzymes in the genome of L. plantarum 13-3 have also been analyzed computationally. This study reveals that L. plantarum 13-3 is nonpathogenic with 218 subsystems and 32,918 qualities and five classes of sugars with several important functions. Two phage hit sites have been identified in the strain. Cyclic lactone autoinducer, terpenes, T3PKS, and RiPP-like gene clusters have also been identified in the strain evidencing its role in food processing. Combined, the non-pathogenicity and the food-processing ability of this strain have rendered this strain industrially important. The subsystem and qualities characterization provides a starting point to investigate the strain’s healthcare-related applications as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China
- Pak-Austria Fachhochschule—Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur 22621, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Abid Sarwar
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Syeda Izma Makhdoom
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad Mughal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25124, Pakistan
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael W. Alruways
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas S. Dablool
- Department of Public Health, Health Sciences College Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah al-Mukarramah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Huang T, Liu K, Yu J, Yao G, Zhang W, Zhang H, Sun T. Protective effects of whey protein hydrolysate on Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Probio-M8 during freeze-drying and storage. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7308-7321. [PMID: 35931487 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the potential of whey protein hydrolysate as a lyoprotectant for maintaining the cell viability of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Probio-M8 during freeze-drying and subsequent storage. The moisture content and water activity of the lyophilized samples treated by different concentrations of whey protein hydrolysate were ≤5.23 ± 0.33 g/100 g and ≤0.102 ± 0.003, respectively. During storage at 25°C and 30°C, whey protein hydrolysate had a stronger protective effect on B. lactis Probio-M8 than the same concentration of whey protein. Using the Excel tool GinaFit, we estimated the microbial inactivation kinetics during storage. Whey protein hydrolysate reduced cell damage caused by an increase in temperature. Whey protein hydrolysate could protect cells by increasing the osmotic pressure as a compatible solute. Whey protein hydrolysate improved cell membrane integrity and reduced the amounts of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde produced. The findings indicated that whey protein hydrolysate was a novel antioxidant lyoprotectant that could protect probiotics during freeze-drying and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Kailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Guoqiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Tiansong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Effects of Early-Life Stress and Dietary Fatty Acids on Later-Life Central and Metabolic Outcomes in Mice. mSystems 2022; 7:e0018022. [PMID: 35695433 PMCID: PMC9238388 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00180-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) leads to increased vulnerability for mental and metabolic disorders. We have previously shown that a low dietary ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio protects against ELS-induced cognitive impairments. Due to the importance of the gut microbiota as a determinant of long-term health, we here study the impact of ELS and dietary PUFAs on the gut microbiota and how this relates to the previously described cognitive, metabolic, and fatty acid profiles. Male mice were exposed to ELS via the limited bedding and nesting paradigm (postnatal day (P)2 to P9 and to an early diet (P2 to P42) with an either high (15) or low (1) ω-6 linoleic acid to ω-3 alpha-linolenic acid ratio. 16S rRNA was sequenced and analyzed from fecal samples at P21, P42, and P180. Age impacted α- and β-diversity. ELS and diet together predicted variance in microbiota composition and affected the relative abundance of bacterial groups at several taxonomic levels in the short and long term. For example, age increased the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, while it decreased Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia; ELS reduced the genera RC9 gut group and Rikenella, and the low ω-6/ω-3 diet reduced the abundance of the Firmicutes Erysipelotrichia. At P42, species abundance correlated with body fat mass and circulating leptin (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria taxa) and fatty acid profiles (e.g., Firmicutes taxa). This study gives novel insights into the impact of age, ELS, and dietary PUFAs on microbiota composition, providing potential targets for noninvasive (nutritional) modulation of ELS-induced deficits. IMPORTANCE Early-life stress (ELS) leads to increased vulnerability to develop mental and metabolic disorders; however, the biological mechanisms leading to such programming are not fully clear. Increased attention has been given to the importance of the gut microbiota as a determinant of long-term health and as a potential target for noninvasive nutritional strategies to protect against the negative impact of ELS. Here, we give novel insights into the complex interaction between ELS, early dietary ω-3 availability, and the gut microbiota across ages and provide new potential targets for (nutritional) modulation of the long-term effects of the early-life environment via the microbiota.
Collapse
|
13
|
Identifying a Correlation among Qualitative Non-Numeric Parameters in Natural Fish Microbe Dataset Using Machine Learning. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent technical innovations and developments in computer-based technology have enabled bioscience researchers to acquire comprehensive datasets and identify unique parameters within experimental datasets. However, field researchers may face the challenge that datasets exhibit few associations among any measurement results (e.g., from analytical instruments, phenotype observations as well as field environmental data), and may contain non-numerical, qualitative parameters, which make statistical analyses difficult. Here, we propose an advanced analysis scheme that combines two machine learning steps to mine association rules between non-numerical parameters. The aim of this analysis is to identify relationships between variables and enable the visualization of association rules from data of samples collected in the field, which have less correlations between genetic, physical, and non-numerical qualitative parameters. The analysis scheme presented here may increase the potential to identify important characteristics of big datasets.
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Mohaimeed AM, Abbasi AM, Ali MA, Dhas DSD. Reduction of multiple antibiotics from the waste water using coated glutathione S-transferase producing biocatalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112262. [PMID: 34695426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline is widely used in veterinary and human medicine. It has been detected in wastewater from pharmaceuticals, hospitals and domestic wastewater. In recent years, much more attention has been directed towards glutathione transferases (GSTs) because of their bio-transforming ability of antibiotics. In this study, 19 Lactobacillus strains were initially screened for the production of GSTs and five strains were selected for biotransformation of oxytetracycline. Among the strains, L. fermentum LA6 improved oxytetracyline degradation than other strains. It was subjected to optimize GST production and optimum growth was achieved after 24 h incubation at 32 ± 2 °C and 200 mg/L initial oxytetracycline concentration. The biocatalyst was immobilized and antibiotic degradation efficiency was analyzed. The immobilized culture of L. fermentum LA6 improved biodegradation of oxytetracycline in the wastewater. At 50 mg/L initial antibiotic concentration, 53.2 ± 2.8% oxytetracycline degradation was achieved, however, it improved at 200 mg/L antibiotic concentration in the culture medium (89.1 ± 4.3%) after 24 h. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater decreased significantly after treatment. At 200 mg/L oxytetracycline concentration, COD removal was considerably high (93.6 ± 5.3 mg/L) than 150 mg/L oxytetracycline concentration in the medium. Antibiotic removal efficiency in immobilized form revealed that this method is highly suitable for the removal of antibiotics from the wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, 12042, Pollenzo, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - D S Deepa Dhas
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu C, Dai C, Tong L, Lv H, Zhou X. Evaluation of the Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. indicus WDS-7 Isolated from Chinese Traditional Fermented Buffalo Milk In Vitro. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:91-105. [PMID: 35635173 PMCID: PMC9152907 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Chinese traditional fermented buffalo milk. Out of 22 isolates, 11 were putatively identified as LAB preliminarily. A total of six LAB strains displayed strong adhesion to HT-29 cells and all these strains showed preferable tolerance to artificially simulated gastrointestinal juices. WDS-4, WDS-7, and WDS-18 exhibited excellent antioxidant capacities, including DPPH radical, ABTS+ radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activities. Compared with the other two LAB strains, WDS-7 had a stronger inhibition effect on four pathogens. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, WDS-7 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. indicus and selected to assess the potential and safety of probiotics further. The results revealed that WDS-7 strain had a strong capacity for acid production and good thermal stability. WDS-7 strain also possessed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Compared to LGG, WDS-7 was a greater biofilm producer on the plastic surface and exhibited a better EPS production ability (1.94 mg/ml as a glucose equivalent). WDS-7 was proved to be sensitive in the majority of tested antibiotics and absence of hemolytic activity. Moreover, no production of biogenic amines and β-glucuronidase was observed in WDS-7. The findings of this work indicated that L. delbrueckii ssp. indicus WDS-7 fulfilled the probiotic criteria in vitro and could be exploited for further evaluation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Wu
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Chenwei Dai
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Lin Tong
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Han Lv
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Xiuhong Zhou
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pino A, Benkaddour B, Inturri R, Amico P, Vaccaro SC, Russo N, Vaccalluzzo A, Agolino G, Caggia C, Miloud H, Randazzo CL. Characterization of Bifidobacterium asteroides Isolates. Microorganisms 2022; 10:655. [PMID: 35336230 PMCID: PMC8950671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria have long been recognized as bacteria with probiotic and therapeutic features. The aim of this work is to characterize the Bifidobacterium asteroides BA15 and BA17 strains, isolated from honeybee gut, to evaluate its safety for human use. An in-depth assessment was carried out on safety properties (antibiotic resistance profiling, β-hemolytic, DNase and gelatinase activities and virulence factor presence) and other properties (antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization, both strains satisfied all the safety requirements. More specifically, genome analysis showed the absence of genes encoding for glycopeptide (vanA, vanB, vanC-1, vanC-2, vanD, vanE, vanG), resistance to tetracycline (tetM, tetL and tetO) and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, hyl).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bachir Benkaddour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran1, Oran 31000, Algeria; (B.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Rosanna Inturri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Pietro Amico
- Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Susanna C. Vaccaro
- Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Amanda Vaccalluzzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Agolino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Hadadji Miloud
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran1, Oran 31000, Algeria; (B.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Cinzia L. Randazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Applicability of rpoB Gene for PCR-RFLP based Discrimination of Bifidobacterial Species Isolated from Human and Animal Sources. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics for their application in the development of functional food and prophylactic therapy. This has necessitated the development of a molecular approach for the genera to be widely identified up to species and subspecies level. In the current study, PCR-RFLP of the partial RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene fragment was evaluated for differential identification of Bifidobacterium species. The rpoB gene partial sequences of 575 bp were amplified from 93 previously identified isolates collected from various sources of human and animal origin along with 12 standard reference strains. The PCR amplified products were digested with three restriction endonucleases HhaI, HinfI and BanI separately. Dendrograms constructed from the patterns of HhaI, were found to be more discriminatory and successfully differentiated all the twelve species and also at sub-species level in between B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis. However, B. adolescentis and B. pseudocatenulatum group clusters were not separated and represented by one group. The groups were further discriminated by HinfI restriction digestion. A separate combination thereof may be used for inferring the classification of bifidobacterial species targeted on rpoB PCR-RFLP analysis. To our knowledge, this work is the first report based on use of rpoB PCR-RFLP for discrimination of the isolates of genus Bifidobacterium and also provides insights into specific advantages of this method over hsp60 PCR-RFLP in differentiating B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kamarinou CS, Papadopoulou OS, Doulgeraki AI, Tassou CC, Galanis A, Chorianopoulos NG, Argyri AA. Mapping the Key Technological and Functional Characteristics of Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Greek Traditional Dairy Products. Microorganisms 2022; 10:246. [PMID: 35208701 PMCID: PMC8875946 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to isolate indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional Greek cheeses and assess their biochemical, technological, and functional characteristics, so as to develop novel cultures with multi-functional properties. Hence, 109 LAB isolates were recovered from traditional fresh cheeses and were evaluated in vitro for their gas production; proteolytic, lipolytic, and haemolytic activity; exopolysaccharide production (EPS); enzymatic potential; and ability to grow at 6.5% NaCl and at different pH, temperature, and anaerobic conditions. Consequently, 48 selected isolates were further evaluated for their survival under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, partial bile salt hydrolase activity, antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial activity against pathogens. These isolates were also incorporated as co-cultures in yogurt production to examine their sensory characteristics and their survival in the product. Some prominent isolates that showed favorable technological and functional characteristics (good survival rates at low pH and bile salts, ability to produce β-galactosidase, and EPS) and attributed desirable sensory characteristics to yogurt were Lactococcuslactis (SRX2, SRX3, SRX5, and SMX16), Lactobacillus paracasei SRX10, and Lactiplantibacillusplantarum (FRX7, FB1), while Leuconostoc mesenteroides FMX3 and L. lactis SMX2 showed an anti-listerial activity in vitro. The results of the present study are promising for the production of novel dairy functional products with an enhanced quality and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Kamarinou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Olga S. Papadopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Agapi I. Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Chrysoula C. Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Nikos G. Chorianopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Anthoula A. Argyri
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu Y, Yang G, van der Mei HC, Shi L, Busscher HJ, Ren Y. Synergy between "Probiotic" Carbon Quantum Dots and Ciprofloxacin in Eradicating Infectious Biofilms and Their Biosafety in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1809. [PMID: 34834224 PMCID: PMC8620463 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orally administrated probiotic bacteria can aid antibiotic treatment of intestinal infections, but their arrival at their intestinal target site is hampered by killing in the gastrointestinal tract and by antibiotics solely intended for pathogen killing. Carbon-quantum-dots are extremely small nanoparticles and can be derived from different sources, including bacteria. Here, we hypothesize that carbon-quantum-dots inherit antibacterial activity from probiotic source bacteria to fulfill a similar role as live probiotics in intestinal infection therapy. Physico-chemical analyses indicated that carbon-quantum-dots, hydrothermally derived from Bifidobacterium breve (B-C-dots), inherited proteins and polysaccharides from their source-bacteria. B-C-dots disrupted biofilm matrices of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium biofilms through extensive reactive-oxygen-species (ROS)-generation, causing a decrease in volumetric bacterial-density in biofilms. Decreased bacterial densities leave more open space in biofilms and have enhanced ciprofloxacin penetration and killing potential in an E. coli biofilm pre-exposed to probiotic B-C-dots. Pathogenic carbon-quantum-dots hydrothermally derived from E. coli (E-C-dots) did not disrupt pathogenic biofilms nor enhance E. coli killing potential by ciprofloxacin. B-C-dots were biosafe in mice upon daily administration, while E-C-dots demonstrated a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts and an increase in C-reactive protein levels. Therefore, the way is paved for employing probiotic carbon-quantum-dots instead of viable, probiotic bacteria for synergistic use with existing antibiotics in treating intestinal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (Y.R.)
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.Y.); (L.S.)
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Henny C. van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Henk J. Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Yijin Ren
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (Y.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deidda F, Bozzi Cionci N, Cordovana M, Campedelli I, Fracchetti F, Di Gioia D, Ambretti S, Pane M. Bifidobacteria Strain Typing by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692975. [PMID: 34589064 PMCID: PMC8473902 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a technology traditionally used in chemistry to determine the molecular composition of a wide range of sample types, has gained growing interest in microbial typing. It is based on the different vibrational modes of the covalent bonds between atoms of a given sample, as bacterial cells, induced by the absorption of infrared radiation. This technique has been largely used for the study of pathogenic species, especially in the clinical field, and has been proposed also for the typing at different subspecies levels. The high throughput, speed, low cost, and simplicity make FTIR spectroscopy an attractive technique also for industrial applications, in particular, for probiotics. The aim of this study was to compare FTIR spectroscopy with established genotyping methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), in order to highlight the FTIR spectroscopy potential discriminatory power at strain level. Our study focused on bifidobacteria, an important group of intestinal commensals generally recognized as probiotics. For their properties in promoting and maintaining health, bifidobacteria are largely marketed by the pharmaceutical, food, and dairy industries. Strains belonging to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis were taken into consideration together with some additional type strains. For B. longum subsp. longum, it was possible to discriminate the strains with all the methods used. Although two isolates were shown to be strictly phylogenetically related, constituting a unique cluster, based on PFGE, WGS, and MLST, no clustering was observed with FTIR. For B. animalis subsp. lactis group, PFGE, WGS, and MLST were non-discriminatory, and only one strain was easily distinguished. On the other hand, FTIR discriminated all the isolates one by one, and no clustering was observed. According to these results, FTIR analysis is not only equivalent to PFGE, WGS, and MLST, but also for some strains, in particular, for B. animalis subsp. lactis group, more informative, being able to differentiate strains not discernible with the other two methods based on phenotypic variations likely deriving from certain genetic changes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has highlighted the possibility of using the cell surface as a kind of barcode making tracing strains possible, representing an important aspect in probiotic applications. Furthermore, this work constitutes the first investigation on bifidobacterial strain typing using FTIR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Bozzi Cionci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Microbiology Unit-University Hospital of Bologna Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research S.r.L., Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernández-Ciganda S, Fraga M, Zunino P. Probiotic Lactobacilli Administration Induces Changes in the Fecal Microbiota of Preweaned Dairy Calves. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:804-815. [PMID: 34390476 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early microbial colonization is a determinant factor in animal health, and probiotic administration has been demonstrated to modulate intestinal microbiota and promote health in dairy calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in calves' fecal microbiota after the administration of two probiotic lactobacilli strains that had previously exhibited beneficial effects in calves' health in relation to neonatal calf diarrhea. An in vivo assay was performed with 30 newborn male Holstein calves that were divided into three groups. Two groups were orally administered with two different lactobacilli strains (Lactobacillus johnsonii TP1.6 or Limosilactobacillus reuteri TP1.3B), and the third was the control group. Calves (5 to 9 days old) were administered with freeze-dried bacteria once a day for 10 consecutive days. Feces samples were taken before the first administration (day 0) and then again on days 10 and 21, and the V4 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal gene was sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq 250 paired-end platform. The administration of both strains significantly affected the total bacterial community composition, and the effect lasted for 11 days after the last dose. In particular, amplicon sequence variants related to Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia genera were significantly higher in both treated groups. Therefore, modulation of the intestinal microbiota is a potential mechanism of action behind the beneficial effects of these probiotic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Fernández-Ciganda
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Unidad de Investigación de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA-LE), Colonia, Uruguay.
| | - Martín Fraga
- Unidad de Investigación de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA-LE), Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Farahmand N, Ouoba LII, Naghizadeh Raeisi S, Sutherland J, Ghoddusi HB. Probiotic Lactobacilli in Fermented Dairy Products: Selective Detection, Enumeration and Identification Scheme. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081600. [PMID: 34442679 PMCID: PMC8401870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A selection of 36 commercial probiotic fermented dairy products from UK and Europe markets were evaluated for the numbers, types, and viability of Lactobacillus strains against the stated information on their packages. A comparative study was carried out on selectivity of MRS-Clindamycin, MRS-Sorbitol, and MRS-IM Maltose, to select the right medium for enumeration of probiotic Lactobacillus. Based on selectivity of medium for recovery of the targeted lactobacilli, and also simplicity of preparation, MRS-Clindamycin was chosen as the best medium for enumeration of probiotic Lactobacillus in fermented milks. The results of enumeration of lactobacilli showed that 22 out of a total 36 tested products contained more than 106 colony-forming units/g at the end of their shelf life, which comply with the recommended minimum therapeutic level for probiotics. Rep-PCR using primer GTG-5 was applied for initial discrimination of isolated strains, and isolates, which presented different band profile, were placed in different groups. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. were identified mainly as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus paracasei by analysis of partial sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA and rpoA genes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dineen RL, Penno C, Kelleher P, Bourin MJB, O'Connell‐Motherway M, van Sinderen D. Molecular analysis of the replication functions of the bifidobacterial conjugative megaplasmid pMP7017. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1494-1511. [PMID: 33939264 PMCID: PMC8313286 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
pMP7017 is a conjugative megaplasmid isolated from the gut commensal Bifidobacterium breve JCM7017 and was shown to encode two putative replicases, designated here as RepA and RepB. In the current work, RepB was identified as the pMP7017 replicative initiator, as the repB gene, and its surrounding region was shown to be sufficient to allow autonomous replication in two bifidobacterial species, B. breve and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. RepB was shown to bind to repeat sequence downstream of its coding sequence and this region was determined to be essential for efficient replication. Based on our results, we hypothesize that pMP7017 is an iteron-regulated plasmid (IRP) under strict auto-regulatory control. Recombinantly produced and purified RepB was determined to exist as a dimer in solution, differing from replicases of other IRPs, which exist as a mix of dimers and monomers. Furthermore, a stable low-copy Bifidobacterium-E. coli shuttle vector, pRD1.3, was created which can be employed for cloning and expression of large genes, as was demonstrated by the cloning and heterologous expression of the 5.1 kb apuB gene encoding the extracellular amylopullulanase from B. breve UCC2003 into B. longum subsp. longum NCIMB8809.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Dineen
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
| | - Christophe Penno
- CNRS UMR 6553 EcoBioUniversite de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu, Bat. 14ARennes cedex35042France
| | - Philip Kelleher
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
| | - Maxence J. B. Bourin
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
| | | | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkWestern RoadCorkIreland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Illescas O, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Gariboldi M. Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072234. [PMID: 34209683 PMCID: PMC8308215 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of multiple diseases, and one of its mechanisms of action is the modulation of the microbiota. We aimed to determine whether MD can be used as a preventive measure against cancer and inflammation-related diseases of the gut, based on its capacity to modulate the local microbiota. A joint meta-analysis of publicly available 16S data derived from subjects following MD or other diets and from patients with CRC, IBD, or other gut-related diseases was conducted. We observed that the microbiota associated with MD was enriched in bacteria that promote an anti-inflammatory environment but low in taxa with pro-inflammatory properties capable of altering intestinal barrier functions. We found an opposite trend in patients with intestinal diseases, including cancer. Some of these differences were maintained even when MD was compared to healthy controls without a defined diet. Our findings highlight the unique effects of MD on the gut microbiota and suggest that integrating MD principles into a person’s lifestyle may serve as a preventive method against cancer and other gut-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Illescas
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, MEX, Mexico;
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-2-23902042
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of dairy calves - a review of its importance and relationship to health and performance. Anim Health Res Rev 2021; 22:97-108. [PMID: 34132191 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252321000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to explain how microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in young dairy calves is related to health and, consequently, to the performance of these animals. The review addresses everything from the fundamental aspects of microbial colonization to the current understanding about the microbiota manipulation to improve performance in adult animals. The ruminal microbiota is the most studied, mainly due to the high interest in the fermentative aspects, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and microbial proteins, and its effects on animal production. However, in recent years, the intestinal microbiota has gained space between studies, mainly due to the relationship to the host health and how it affects performance. Understanding how the GIT's microbiota looks like and how it is colonized may allow future studies to predict the best timing for dietary interventions as a way to manipulate it and, consequently, improve the health and performance of young ruminants.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jena R, Choudhury PK, Puniya AK, Tomar SK. Efficacy of BOX-PCR fingerprinting for taxonomic discrimination of bifidobacterial species isolated from diverse sources. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:270. [PMID: 34055563 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bifidobacterium are extensively used as probiotics in food applications, for their potential role to combat different lifestyle diseases. This has necessitated a great importance for their species, sub-species and even at the strain level characterization. In the present study, attempts have been made to target repetitive DNA element-based BOX-PCR fingerprinting to judge its potential in taxonomic discrimination of Bifidobacterium species. The BOXA1R primer-based repetitive PCR amplified products were analysed for 93 identified bifidobacterial isolates collected from diverse sources of human and animal origin along with 12 DSMZ procured standard reference strains. Dendrograms constructed from the fingerprint patterns of BOX-PCR differentiated all the isolated strains into 10 different groups, grouped with one standard reference isolates and successfully discriminated all isolates up to subspecies level as identified. The BOX-PCR method used in this study effectively resolved the taxonomic status and differentiated all 93 bifidobacterial species isolated from diverse faecal origins of human and animal samples.
Collapse
|
27
|
Protocol to Select Bifidobacteria from Fecal and Environmental Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33649948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1274-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are commensal microorganisms able to colonize several ecological niches. Since their discovery, culture-dependent methods combined with the most modern next-generation sequencing techniques have contributed to shed light on the ecological, functional and genomic features of bifidobacteria, purporting them as microorganisms with probiotic traits. Thanks to their acclaimed health-promoting effects, several members of the Bifidobacterium genus have been included in a variety of functional foods and drugs. In this context, the functional relevance of bifidobacteria in the gut explains ongoing efforts to isolate novel and potentially beneficial strains. For this purpose, development of effective and selective isolation protocols in concert with knowledge on the physiological characteristics of bifidobacterial are fundamental requirements for their recovery and discovery from their natural environments, in particular from fecal samples.
Collapse
|
28
|
Horigome A, Hisata K, Odamaki T, Iwabuchi N, Xiao JZ, Shimizu T. Colonization of Supplemented Bifidobacterium breve M-16V in Low Birth Weight Infants and Its Effects on Their Gut Microbiota Weeks Post-administration. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:610080. [PMID: 33897631 PMCID: PMC8058467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.610080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization and persistence of probiotics introduced into the adult human gut appears to be limited. It is uncertain, however, whether probiotics can successfully colonize the intestinal tracts of full-term and premature infants. In this study, we investigated the colonization and the effect of oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V on the gut microbiota of low birth weight (LBW) infants. A total of 22 LBW infants (12 infants in the M-16V group and 10 infants in the control group) were enrolled. B. breve M-16V was administrated to LBW infants in the M-16V group from birth until hospital discharge. Fecal samples were collected from each subject at weeks (3.7-9.3 weeks in the M-16V group and 2.1-6.1 weeks in the control group) after discharge. qPCR analysis showed that the administrated strain was detected in 83.3% of fecal samples in the M-16V group (at log10 8.33 ± 0.99 cell numbers per gram of wet feces), suggesting that this strain colonized most of the infants beyond several weeks post-administration. Fecal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher (P < 0.01), whereas that of Proteobacteria was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the M-16V group as compared with the control group. Notably, the levels of the administrated strain and indigenous Bifidobacterium bacteria were both significantly higher in the M-16V group than in the control group. Our findings suggest that oral administration of B. breve M-16V led to engraftment for at least several weeks post-administration and we observed a potential overall improvement in microbiota formation in the LBW infants' guts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Horigome
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Hisata
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang S, Hu T, Liu H, Lv YL, Zhang W, Li H, Xuan L, Gong LL, Liu LH. Akebia saponin D ameliorates metabolic syndrome (MetS) via remodeling gut microbiota and attenuating intestinal barrier injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111441. [PMID: 33652261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex, multifactorial disease which lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. However, selective, and potent drugs for the treatment of MetS are still lacking. Previous studies have found that Akebia saponin D (ASD) has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, our study was designed to determine the effect and mechanism of action of ASD against MetS in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced mouse model. ASD significantly decreased plasma lipid and insulin resistance in these mice, and a targeted approach using metabolomic analyses of plasma and feces indicated that glucose and lipids in these mice crossed the damaged intestinal barrier into circulation. Furthermore, ASD was able to increase lipid excretion and inhibit intestinal epithelial lipid absorption. Results for gut microbiota composition showed that ASD significantly reduced HFD-associated Alistipes, Prevotella, and enhanced the proportions of Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium. After 14 weeks of ASD/fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) interventions the developed gut barrier dysfunction was restored. Additionally, RNA-seq revealed that ASD reduced the lipid-induced tight junction (TJ) damage in intestinal epithelial cells via down-regulation of the PPAR-γ-FABP4 pathway in vitro and that use of the PPAR-γ inhibitor (T0070907) was able to partially block the effects of ASD, indicating that the PPAR-γ/FABP4 pathway is a critical mediator involved in the improvement of MetS. Our results demonstrated that ASD not only modifies the gut microbiome but also ameliorates the HFD-induced gut barrier disruption via down-regulation of the PPAR-γ-FABP4 pathway. These findings suggest a promising, and novel therapeutic strategy for gut protection against MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - He Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ya-Li Lv
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Han Li
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lingling Xuan
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Li-Li Gong
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Li-Hong Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sheh A. The Gastrointestinal Microbiota of the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). ILAR J 2021; 61:188-198. [PMID: 33620078 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is heavily involved in both health and disease pathogenesis, but defining a normal, healthy microbiota in the common marmoset has been challenging. The aim of this review was to systematically review recent literature involving the gastrointestinal microbiome of common marmosets in health and disease. Twelve sources were included in this review. The gut microbiome composition was reviewed across institutions worldwide, and taxonomic shifts between healthy individuals were described. Unlike the human gut microbiome, which is dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, the marmoset gut microbiome shows great plasticity across institutions, with 5 different phyla described as dominant in different healthy cohorts. Genera shared across institutions include Anaerobiospirillum, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Fusobacterium, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Phascolarctobacterium, and Prevotella. Shifts in the abundance of Prevotella or Bifidobacterium or invasion by pathogens like Clostridium perfringens may be associated with disease. Changes in microbial composition have been described in healthy and diseased marmosets, but factors influencing the severe changes in microbial composition have not been established. Multi-institutional, prospective, and longitudinal studies that utilize multiple testing methodologies are required to determine sources of variability in the reporting of marmoset microbiomes. Furthermore, methods of microbial manipulation, whether by diet, enrichment, fecal microbiome transplantation, etc, need to be established to modulate and maintain robust and resilient microbiome communities in marmoset colonies and reduce the incidence of idiopathic gastrointestinal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sheh
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen J, Pi X, Liu W, Ding Q, Wang X, Jia W, Zhu L. Age-related changes of microbiota in midlife associated with reduced saccharolytic potential: an in vitro study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:47. [PMID: 33588748 PMCID: PMC7885556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is critical in maintaining human health, of which diversity and abundance are subject to significantly reduce in seniors. Gut microbiota is reported to be stable across the long adulthood in general, but lack of careful examination, especially for the midlife people. RESULTS To characterize the gut microbiota in midlife, we investigated the faecal microbiota between two groups of healthy people, young, 20-39 years old, n = 15; and midlife, 40-60 years old, n = 15. Metabolic responses of the microbiota were studied through in vitro batch fermentation model. Although no difference was observed in the diversity indices between the two age groups, a wide range taxonomic changes were found in the faecal microbiota. Furthermore, substantial Bifidobacterium reduction was also found in both faecal and fermented samples. The faecal SCFAs are similar in both groups, as well as starch fermentation broth. However, after inulin fermentation, the acetate concentration and inulin degradation rate decreased while the gas production increased in midlife group, suggesting a deficiency of saccharolytic potential in midlife, especially for non-digestible carbohydrate. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that gut microbiota begins to change as early as in midlife. The reduction in Bifidobacterium dominates the change of the microbiota composition in midlife resulting in attenuated saccharolytic capacity of inulin, possibly leading to insufficient acetate production which might be associated with healthy problems in this transition period from young to elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junkui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xionge Pi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qunfang Ding
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bhat SF, Pinney SE, Kennedy KM, McCourt CR, Mundy MA, Surette MG, Sloboda DM, Simmons RA. Exposure to high fructose corn syrup during adolescence in the mouse alters hepatic metabolism and the microbiome in a sex-specific manner. J Physiol 2021; 599:1487-1511. [PMID: 33450094 DOI: 10.1113/jp280034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children is dramatically increasing at the same time as consumption of foods with a high sugar content. Intake of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a possible aetiology as it is thought to be more lipogenic than glucose. In a mouse model, HFCS intake during adolescence increased fat mass and hepatic lipid levels in male and female mice. However, only males showed impaired glucose tolerance. Multiple metabolites including lipids, bile acids, carbohydrates and amino acids were altered in liver in a sex-specific manner at 6 weeks of age. Some of these changes were also present in adulthood even though HFCS exposure ended at 6 weeks. HFCS significantly altered the gut microbiome, which was associated with changes in key microbial metabolites. These results suggest that HFCS intake during adolescence has profound metabolic changes that are linked to changes in the microbiome and these changes are sex-specific. ABSTRACT The rapid increase in obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease in children over the past 20 years has been linked to increased consumption of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), making it essential to determine the short- and long-term effects of HFCS during this vulnerable developmental window. We hypothesized that HFCS exposure during adolescence significantly impairs hepatic metabolic signalling pathways and alters gut microbial composition, contributing to changes in energy metabolism with sex-specific effects. C57bl/6J mice with free access to HFCS during adolescence (3-6 weeks of age) underwent glucose tolerance and body composition testing and hepatic metabolomics, gene expression and triglyceride content analysis at 6 and 30 weeks of age (n = 6-8 per sex). At 6 weeks HFCS-exposed mice had significant increases in fat mass, glucose intolerance, hepatic triglycerides (females) and de novo lipogenesis gene expression (ACC, DGAT, FAS, ChREBP, SCD, SREBP, CPT and PPARα) with sex-specific effects. At 30 weeks, HFCS-exposed mice also had abnormalities in glucose tolerance (males) and fat mass (females). HFCS exposure enriched carbohydrate, amino acid, long chain fatty acid and secondary bile acid metabolism at 6 weeks with changes in secondary bile metabolism at 6 and 30 weeks. Microbiome studies performed immediately before and after HFCS exposure identified profound shifts of microbial species in male mice only. In summary, short-term HFCS exposure during adolescence induces fatty liver, alters important metabolic pathways, some of which continue to be altered in adulthood, and changes the microbiome in a sex-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia F Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sara E Pinney
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cole R McCourt
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Emam AM, Dunlap CA. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Bacillus velezensis AMB-y1; a potential probiotic to control pathogens in aquaculture. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:2041-2052. [PMID: 33094436 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to isolate and identify Bacillus species isolated from the internal microbiota of Red sea stingrays as potential probiotics. An initial assay on the ability of the isolates to control stingray pathogens of Vibrio species led to the selection of one highly antagonistic isolate. The most potent isolate was identified based on whole genome phylogeny as Bacillus velezensis AMB-y1. Genome mining for secondary metabolites identified five antibacterial biosynthetic clusters that produce, bacilysin, bacillaene, difficidin, macrolactin and mersacidin. Genome mining also identified two antifungal biosynthetic clusters which encode genes to produce bacillomycin D and fengycin. The genome mining also identified an unknown NRPS-transAT-PKS cluster that likely produced another compound with antibiotic activity. The strain was further characterized by the assessment of abiotic stress tolerances that are required in potential probiotic agents. The selected isolate had promising results in abiotic stress tolerance; pH tolerance within the range from 4.0 to 8.0, able to survive concentrations of bile salt up to 0.4% and sodium chloride from 0 to 6.5%. In addition, the strain showed a value of hydrophobicity (31%) along with a higher value of auto-aggregation (49.9%), which demonstrates its potential ability to adhere to the intestinal wall on the basis of its cell surface traits. The strain was evaluated for susceptibility to antimicrobials and the novel B. velezensis AMB-y1 has potential to be used as a probiotic in aquaculture to control marine fish and stingray pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arafah M Emam
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada, Egypt.
| | - Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Morrin ST, McCarthy G, Kennedy D, Marotta M, Irwin JA, Hickey RM. Immunoglobulin G from bovine milk primes intestinal epithelial cells for increased colonization of bifidobacteria. AMB Express 2020; 10:114. [PMID: 32556705 PMCID: PMC7303254 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A bovine colostrum fraction (BCF) was recently shown to enhance the adherence of several commensal organisms to intestinal epithelial cells through modulating the epithelial cell surface. In this study, the main components of the BCF were examined to investigate the active component/s responsible for driving the changes in the intestinal cells. The adherence of various bifidobacteria to HT-29 cells was increased when the intestinal cells were pre-incubated with immunoglobulin G (IgG). Modulation of the intestinal cells by IgG was concentration dependent with 16 mg/mL IgG resulting in a 43-fold increase in the adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 8809 to HT-29 cells. Periodate treatment of colostral IgG prior to performing the colonization studies resulted in a reduction in the adhesion of the strain to the intestinal cells demonstrating that the glycans of IgG may be important in modulating the intestinal cells for enhanced commensal adhesion. IgG isolated from mature milk also resulted in significant increases in adhesion of the Bifidobacterium strains tested albeit at reduced levels (3.9-fold). The impact of IgG on the HT-29 cells was also visualised via scanning electron microscopy. This study builds a strong case for the inclusion of IgG ingredients sourced from cow’s milk in functional foods aimed at increasing numbers of health promoting bacteria in the human gut.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kristensen M, Prevaes SMPJ, Kalkman G, Tramper-Stranders GA, Hasrat R, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, Tiddens HA, van Westreenen M, Sanders EAM, Arets B, Keijser B, van der Ent CK, Bogaert D. Development of the gut microbiota in early life: The impact of cystic fibrosis and antibiotic treatment. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:553-561. [PMID: 32487494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) suffer from pancreatic insufficiency, lipid malabsorption and gastrointestinal complaints, next to progressive pulmonary disease. Altered mucosal homoeostasis due to malfunctioning chloride channels results in an adapted microbial composition of the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tract. Additionally, antibiotic treatment has the potential to distort resident microbial communities dramatically. This study aims to investigate early life development of the gut microbial community composition of children with CF compared to healthy infants and to study the independent effects of antibiotics taking into account other clinical and lifestyle factors. STUDY DESIGN Faecal samples from 20 infants with CF and 45 healthy infants were collected regularly during the first 18 months of life and microbial composition was determined using 16S rRNA based sequencing. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the overall microbiota composition between infants with CF and healthy infants (p<0.001). Akkermansia and Anaerostipes were significantly more abundant in control infants, whereas Streptococci and E. coli were significantly more abundant in infants with CF, also after correction for several clinical factors (p<0.05). Antibiotic use in infants with CF was associated with a lower alpha diversity, a reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, and a higher abundance of Enterococcus. CONCLUSION Microbial development of the gut is different in infants with CF compared to healthy infants from the first months of life on, and further deviates over time, in part as a result of antibiotic treatment. The resulting dysbiosis may have significant functional consequences for the microbial ecosystem in CF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Kristensen
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sabine M P J Prevaes
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gino Kalkman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raiza Hasrat
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Harm A Tiddens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Arets
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Keijser
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Application of Recombinase-Based In Vivo Expression Technology to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum for Identification of Genes Induced in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030410. [PMID: 32183191 PMCID: PMC7143038 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are one of the major components in human gut microbiota and well-known as beneficial microbes. However, clarification of commensal mechanisms of bifidobacteria in the intestines is still ongoing, especially in the presence of the gut microbiota. Here, we applied recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (R-IVET) using the bacteriophage P1 Cre/loxP system to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 105-A (B. longum 105-A) to identify genes that are specifically expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of conventionally raised mice. Oral administration of the genomic DNA library of B. longum 105-A to conventionally raised mice resulted in the identification of 73 in vivo-induced genes. Four out of seven tested genes were verified in vivo-specific induction at least in the cecum by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Although there is still room for improvement of the system, our findings can contribute to expanding our understanding of the commensal behavior of B. longum in the gut ecosystem.
Collapse
|
37
|
Probiotic viability in yoghurts containing oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (OsLu) during fermentation and cold storage. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Das S, Mishra BK, Hati S. Techno-functional characterization of indigenous Lactobacillus isolates from the traditional fermented foods of Meghalaya, India. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:9-18. [PMID: 32914116 PMCID: PMC7473377 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The rural tribal people of Meghalaya depend mostly on their ethnic fermented foods as a part of their regular diet and these fermented foods are considered to be a hub of healthy microorganisms. However, the efficacy of probiotic microorganisms is considered to be population-specific because of gut microflora variation in food habits and specific host-microbial interactions. Hence, a strong need for exploring novel indigenous microorganisms with rich probiotic potentiality is required. A few indigenous Lactobacillus isolates (from traditional fermented foods of Meghalaya) were studied extensively for its technological and probiotic attributes. The isolates could survive at pH 2–3 (L. fermentum K16 showed high cell count: pH 2–5.12 log CFU/ml; pH 3–5.76 log CFU/ml), against bile salts (L. fermentum K7 showed high cell count-5.36 log CFU/ml), gastric juices (pepsin and trypsin), and intestinal juice (pancreatin). The isolates showed α-galactosidase activity from 0.104-0.412 μM/ml and β-glucosidase activity ranging from 0.122-0.409 μM/ml. Exopolysaccharide production was in between 410 and 950 mg/L. Cell surface hydrophobicity was 71.57% (L. rhamnosus K4E) and auto-aggregation was 83% (L. fermentum K16) during the study. Highest proteolytic activity (0.671 nm) and cholesterol assimilation (52.57%) was exhibited by L. fermentum K16. The isolates showed high free radical scavenging activity by ABTS method up to 80.78% by isolate L. fermentum K7. Antibacterial activity and co-aggregation efficacy was also tested against B. cereus, E. faecalis, S. dysenteriae, S. aureus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. typhi. These indigenous Lactobacillus isolates with high probiotic potentials could be exploited in the development of the traditional fermented foods of Meghalaya. Technological and probiotic attributes (in vitro) of eight indigenous Lactobacillus strains were studied. Lactobacillus strains were isolated from the traditional fermented foods of Meghalaya, India. L. rhamnosus K4E, L. fermentum K16, L. fermentum K7 and L. plantarum RD7 were considered predominant over the rest of the strains. The isolates could be employed for development of novel functional fermented foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Das
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North- Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura, 794 001, Meghalaya, India
| | - Birendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North- Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura, 794 001, Meghalaya, India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, S.M.C College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 110, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology is a continuously expanding field focused on the application of microorganisms to produce chemicals using renewable sources as substrates. Currently, an increasing interest in new versatile processes, able to utilize a variety of substrates to obtain diverse products, can be observed. A robust microbial strain is critical in the creation of such processes. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used to produce a wide variety of chemicals with high commercial interest. Lactic acid (LA) is the most predominant industrial product obtained from LAB fermentations, and its production is forecasted to rise as the result of the increasing demand of polylactic acid. Hence, the creation of new ways to revalorize LA production processes is of high interest and could further enhance its economic value. Therefore, this review explores some co-products of LA fermentations, derived from LAB, with special focus on bacteriocins, lipoteichoic acid, and probiotics. Finally, a multi-product process involving LA and the other compounds of interest is proposed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Din AU, Hassan A, Zhu Y, Zhang K, Wang Y, Li T, Wang Y, Wang G. Inhibitory effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521 on colitis and its mechanism. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 79:108353. [PMID: 32145470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are known to be beneficial in preventing different diseases in model animals, including inflammatory bowel disease. However, there are few studies on probiotics related to miRNA regulation and disease status. In this article, the beneficial role and mechanisms of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521 have been studied in ulcerative colitis using dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) model. Male C57JBL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=7): Normal group, dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) group, and Bifido group gavage with Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521 (2×108 CFU/day). Our strain restored the DSS-caused damage by regulating the expression of immune markers and tight junction proteins (TJP) in the colon; briefly by up-regulating ROS-scavenging enzymes (SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPX2), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, PPARγ, IL-6), TJP's (ZO-1, MUC-2, Claudin-3, and E Cadherin-1) and downregulating inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β) in Bifido group mice. Inflammatory markers appeared to be regulated by NF-κB nuclear P65 subunit, and its translocation was inhibited in Bifido group mice colon. In addition, the expression of inflammatory genes and colonic TJP were also associated with the restoration of miRNAs (miR-150, miR-155, miR-223) in B. bifidum ATCC 29521 treated Bifido group. The dysbiosis executed by DSS was restored in the Bifido group, demonstrating that B. bifidum ATCC 29521 possessed a probiotic role in our DSS colitis mouse model. B. bifidum ATCC 29521 exhibited its probiotic role through its anti-inflammatory role by modulating miRNA-associated TJP and NF-κB regulation and by partially restoring dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ud Din
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University Luzhou, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tianhan Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Characterizing the Composition of the Pediatric Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010016. [PMID: 31861722 PMCID: PMC7019424 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consortium of trillions of microorganisms that live inside the human gut are integral to health. Little has been done to collate and characterize the microbiome of children. A systematic review was undertaken to address this gap (PROSPERO ID: CRD42018109599). MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using the keywords: “healthy preadolescent children” and “gut microbiome” to 31 August 2018. Of the 815 journal articles, 42 met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum, family, and genus taxonomic ranks. α-diversity, short chain fatty acid concentrations, diet, 16S rRNA sequencing region, and geographical location were documented. The preadolescent gut microbiome is dominated at the phylum level by Firmicutes (weighted overall average relative abundance = 51.1%) and Bacteroidetes (36.0%); genus level by Bacteroides (16.0%), Prevotella (8.69%), Faecalibacterium (7.51%), and Bifidobacterium (5.47%). Geographic location and 16S rRNA sequencing region were independently associated with microbial proportions. There was limited consensus between studies that reported α-diversity and short chain fatty acids. Broadly speaking, participants from non-Western locations, who were less likely to follow a Westernized dietary pattern, had higher α-diversity and SCFA concentrations. Confirmatory studies will increase the understanding of the composition and functional capacity of the preadolescent gut microbiome.
Collapse
|
42
|
Proanthocyanidins and probiotics combination supplementation ameliorated intestinal injury in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infected diarrhea mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
43
|
Horigome A, Okubo R, Hamazaki K, Kinoshita T, Katsumata N, Uezono Y, Xiao JZ, Matsuoka YJ. Association between blood omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the gut microbiota among breast cancer survivors. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:751-758. [PMID: 31965846 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients demonstrated to have health benefits, such as decreasing the risk of coronary heart disease, improving parameters associated with metabolic syndrome, and decreasing anxiety symptoms and depression risk. Previous intervention studies indicated the association between blood or tissue PUFA levels and the gut microbiota; however, the details remain incompletely elucidated. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between PUFAs and the gut microbiota among breast cancer survivors. Adults who had been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer more than one year ago and were not currently undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled. Capillary blood and faecal samples were obtained to assess the blood PUFA levels and gut microbiota compositions. The mean age (n=124) was 58.7 years, and 46% of the participants had a history of chemotherapy. Multiple regression analysis controlling for possible confounders indicated that an increased relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly associated with increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, beta=0.304, q<0.01). At the genus level, the abundance of Bifidobacterium was positively associated with the level of DHA (beta=0.307, q<0.01). No significant association between omega-6 PUFAs and the relative abundances of gut microbiota members was observed. In addition, analyses stratified by the history of chemotherapy indicated significant associations of PUFA levels with the abundance of some bacterial taxa, including the phylum Actinobacteria (DHA, beta=0.365, q<0.01) and Bacteroidetes (EPA, beta=-0.339, q<0.01) and the genus Bifidobacterium (DHA, beta=0.368, q<0.01) only among participants without a history of chemotherapy. These findings provide the first evidence of positive associations between the abundances of Bifidobacterium among the gut microbiota and the levels of omega-3 PUFAs in the blood. Further studies are required to gain additional insight into these associations in healthy subjects as well as into the causality of the relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Horigome
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama City, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - R Okubo
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - K Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - T Kinoshita
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - N Katsumata
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama City, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Y Uezono
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - J Z Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama City, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Y J Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Preliminary Screening of Growth and Viability of 10 Strains of Bifidobacterium spp.: Effect of Media Composition. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) alone or with special adjunct probiotic strains are inevitable for the preparation of specific functional foods. Moreover, because of their growth and metabolism, final products are preserved for a certain time. Thus, in this work, growth and metabolic activity of novel animal origin isolates and culture collection strains of Bifidobacterium spp. were investigated. The influence of milk media (reconstituted or ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk), compared with synthetic modified Wilkins–Chalgren (WCH) broth under aerobic conditions was investigated. All tested bifidobacterial strains (n = 10) were grown well (1–2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for 24 h at 37 °C) in all substrates and levels higher than 5 log CFU/mL remained during the cold storage period. Generally, different substrates determined almost the same maximal population densities (MPD) after 24 h that range within the average values of 8.96 ± 0.43 log CFU/mL, 8.87 ± 0.52 log CFU/mL, and 8.75 ± 0.54 log CFU/mL in reconstituted milk, UHT milk, and WCH broth, respectively. After 28 days of storage, the pH levels in milk media and broth were reduced to 4.50–5.60 and 4.60–4.90, respectively, representing a decrease of 0.8–2.13 units.
Collapse
|
45
|
Balakrishnan B, Taneja V. Microbial modulation of the gut microbiome for treating autoimmune diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:985-996. [PMID: 30146910 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1517044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the relationship between autoimmune diseases and the gut microbiome in humans: those with autoimmune conditions display gut microbiome dysbiosis. The big question that needs to be addressed is if restoring eubiosis of the gut microbiota can help suppress the autoimmune condition by activating various immune regulatory mechanisms. Inducing these self-healing mechanisms should prolong good health in affected individuals. Area covered: Here, we review the available clinical and preclinical studies that have used selective bacteria for modulating gut microbiota for treating autoimmune diseases. The potential bacterial candidates and their mechanism of action in treating autoimmune diseases will be discussed. We searched for genetically modified and potential probiotics for diseases and discuss the most likely candidates. Expert commentary: To achieve eubiosis, manipulation of the gut microbiota must occur in some form. Several approaches for modulating gut microbiota include prebiotic diets, antimicrobial interventions, fecal microbiota transplants, and selective probiotics. One novel approach showing promising results is the use of selective bacterial candidates to modulate microbial composition. Use of single microbe for treatment has an advantage as compared to multi-species as microbes grow at different rates and if needed, a single microbe is easy to target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veena Taneja
- a Department of Immunology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
A Transposon Mutagenesis System for Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Based on an IS 3 Family Insertion Sequence, IS Blo11. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00824-18. [PMID: 29934330 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00824-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are a major component of the intestinal microbiota in humans, particularly breast-fed infants. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms by which these bacteria colonize the intestine is desired. One approach is transposon mutagenesis, a technique currently attracting much attention because, in combination with next-generation sequencing, it enables exhaustive identification of genes that contribute to microbial fitness. We now describe a transposon mutagenesis system for Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 105-A (JCM 31944) based on ISBlo11, a native IS3 family insertion sequence. To build this system, xylose-inducible or constitutive bifidobacterial promoters were tested to drive the expression of full-length or a truncated form at the N terminus of the ISBlo11 transposase. An artificial transposon plasmid, pBFS12, in which ISBlo11 terminal inverted repeats are separated by a 3-bp spacer, was also constructed to mimic the transposition intermediate of IS3 elements. The introduction of this plasmid into a strain expressing transposase resulted in the insertion of the plasmid with an efficiency of >103 CFU/μg DNA. The plasmid targets random 3- to 4-bp sequences, but with a preference for noncoding regions. This mutagenesis system also worked at least in B. longum NCC2705. Characterization of a transposon insertion mutant revealed that a putative α-glucosidase mediates palatinose and trehalose assimilation, demonstrating the suitability of transposon mutagenesis for loss-of-function analysis. We anticipate that this approach will accelerate functional genomic studies of B. longum subsp. longumIMPORTANCE Several hundred species of bacteria colonize the mammalian intestine. However, the genes that enable such bacteria to colonize and thrive in the intestine remain largely unexplored. Transposon mutagenesis, combined with next-generation sequencing, is a promising tool to comprehensively identify these genes but has so far been applied only to a small number of intestinal bacterial species. In this study, a transposon mutagenesis system was established for Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, a representative health-promoting Bifidobacterium species. The system enables the identification of genes that promote colonization and survival in the intestine and should help illuminate the physiology of this species.
Collapse
|
47
|
O 2-inducible H 2O 2-forming NADPH oxidase is responsible for the hyper O 2 sensitivity of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10750. [PMID: 30013208 PMCID: PMC6048055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are beneficial anaerobes, and their O2 sensitivity levels differ among species as a function of unknown molecular mechanisms. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), a predominant colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract of infants, showed a hyper O2-sensitive growth profile with accompanying a production of H2O2. In this study, we characterized an NADPH oxidase as a key enzyme responsible for this microbe’s hyper O2 sensitivity. A dominant active elution peak of H2O2-forming NADPH oxidase activity was detected in the first step of column chromatography, and the purified NADPH oxidase (NPOX) was identified as a homolog of nitroreductase family proteins. The introduction of the gene encoding B. infantis NPOX (npoxA) into O2-tolerant Bifidobacterium minimum made the strain O2 sensitive and allowed it to produce H2O2. Knockout of the npoxA gene in B. infantis decreased the production of H2O2 and mitigated its B. infantis hyper O2 sensitivity. A transcript of B. infantis npoxA is induced by O2, suggesting that the aerobic production of toxic H2O2 is functionally conserved in B. infantis.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gough R, Cabrera Rubio R, O'Connor PM, Crispie F, Brodkorb A, Miao S, Hill C, Ross RP, Cotter PD, Nilaweera KN, Rea MC. Oral Delivery of Nisin in Resistant Starch Based Matrices Alters the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1186. [PMID: 29963017 PMCID: PMC6013561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Ingested antimicrobial proteins and peptides have the potential to alter the gastrointestinal microbiota; particularly if protected from digestion. Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide that is used as a food preservative. This study examined the ability of nisin to affect the murine microbiota when fed to mice in two different starch based matrices; a starch dough comprising raw starch granules and a starch gel comprising starch that was gelatinized and retrograded. The effects of the two starch matrices by themselves on the microbiota were also examined. Following 16S rRNA compositional sequencing, beta diversity analysis highlighted a significant difference (p = 0.001, n = 10) in the murine microbiota between the four diet groups. The differences between the two nisin containing diets were mainly attributable to differences in the nisin release from the starch matrices while the differences between the carriers were mainly attributable to the type of resistant starch they possessed. Indeed, the differences in the relative abundance of several genera in the mice consuming the starch dough and starch gel diets, in particular Akkermansia, the relative abundance of which was 0.5 and 11.9%, respectively (p = 0.0002, n = 10), points to the potential value of resistance starch as a modulator of beneficial gut microbes. Intact nisin and nisin digestion products (in particular nisin fragment 22-31) were detected in the feces and the nisin was biologically active. However, despite a three-fold greater consumption of nisin in the group fed the nisin in starch dough diet, twice as much nisin was detected in the feces of the group which consumed the nisin in starch gel diet. In addition, the relative abundance of three times as many genera from the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were significantly different (p < 0.001, n = 10) to the control for the group fed the nisin in starch gel diet, implying that the starch gel afforded a degree of protection from digestion to the nisin entrapped within it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Gough
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raúl Cabrera Rubio
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M. O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds P. Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- College of Science, Engineering, and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mary C. Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
O'Riordan N, O'Callaghan J, Buttò LF, Kilcoyne M, Joshi L, Hickey RM. Bovine glycomacropeptide promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis and modulates its gene expression. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6730-6741. [PMID: 29803426 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine milk glycomacropeptide (GMP) is derived from κ-casein, with exclusively o-linked glycosylation. Glycomacropeptide promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in a concentration-dependent manner, and this activity was lost following periodate treatment of the GMP (GMP-P), which disables biological recognition of the conjugated oligosaccharides. Transcriptional analysis of B. longum ssp. infantis following exposure to GMP revealed a substantial response to GMP relative to bacteria treated with GMP-P, with a greater number of differentially expressed transcripts and larger fold changes versus the control. Therefore, stimulation of B. longum ssp. infantis growth by GMP is intrinsically linked to the peptide's O-linked glycosylation. The pool of differentially expressed transcripts included 2 glycoside hydrolase (family 25) genes, which were substantially upregulated following exposure to GMP, but not GMP-P. These GH25 genes were present in duplicated genomic islands that also contained genes encoding fibronectin type III binding domain proteins and numerous phage-related proteins, all of which were also upregulated. Homologs of this genomic arrangement were present in other Bifidobacterium species, which suggest it may be a conserved domain for the utilization of glycosylated peptides. This study provides insights into the molecular basis for the prebiotic effect of bovine milk GMP on B. longum ssp. infantis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N O'Riordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, Co. Cork, Ireland; Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - J O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - L F Buttò
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - M Kilcoyne
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - L Joshi
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - R M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dietary supplementation of A-type procyanidins from litchi pericarp improves glucose homeostasis by modulating mTOR signaling and oxidative stress in diabetic ICR mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|