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Li R, Li J, Zhou X. Lung microbiome: new insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:19. [PMID: 38228603 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The lungs were long thought to be sterile until technical advances uncovered the presence of the lung microbial community. The microbiome of healthy lungs is mainly derived from the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome but also has its own characteristic flora. The selection mechanisms in the lung, including clearance by coughing, pulmonary macrophages, the oscillation of respiratory cilia, and bacterial inhibition by alveolar surfactant, keep the microbiome transient and mobile, which is different from the microbiome in other organs. The pulmonary bacteriome has been intensively studied recently, but relatively little research has focused on the mycobiome and virome. This up-to-date review retrospectively summarizes the lung microbiome's history, composition, and function. We focus on the interaction of the lung microbiome with the oropharynx and gut microbiome and emphasize the role it plays in the innate and adaptive immune responses. More importantly, we focus on multiple respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and pneumonia. The impact of the lung microbiome on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lung cancer has also been comprehensively studied. Furthermore, by summarizing the therapeutic potential of the lung microbiome in lung diseases and examining the shortcomings of the field, we propose an outlook of the direction of lung microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xikun Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Eicher SD, Kritchevsky JE, Bryan KA, Chitko-McKown CG. The Effect of Probiotics in a Milk Replacer on Leukocyte Differential Counts, Phenotype, and Function in Neonatal Dairy Calves. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2620. [PMID: 38004631 PMCID: PMC10673549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been investigated for many health benefits; however, few studies have been performed to determine the effects of oral probiotics on peripheral blood and respiratory immune cells in cattle. Our objectives were to determine changes in health and growth status, differential blood cell counts and function, and blood and lung cell function using flow cytometry and PCR in dairy calves fed a milk replacer with (PRO, N = 10) or without (CON, N = 10) the addition of probiotics to the milk replacer and dry rations from birth to weaning. Performance and clinical scores were not different between the treatment groups. Treatment-by-day interactions for peripheral blood leukocyte populations differed in cell number and percentages. A greater percentage of leukocytes expressed the cell surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, and CD205 on d 21 in CON animals. Lung lavages were performed on five animals from each treatment group on d 52. There were no differences between treatment groups for the expression of cytokines and Toll-Like Receptors as measured using Polymerase Chain Reaction, possibly due to the small sample size. Oral probiotics appear to affect peripheral blood immune cells and function. Their effect on overall calf health remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Eicher
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Janice E. Kritchevsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | | | - Carol G. Chitko-McKown
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
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3
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Uddin MS, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Waldner M, Meléndez DM, Niu YD, Alexander TW. Auction market placement and a rest stop during transportation affect the respiratory bacterial microbiota of beef cattle. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192763. [PMID: 37808284 PMCID: PMC10556482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant health problem in beef cattle production, resulting in considerable economic losses due to mortalities, cost of treatment, and reduced feed efficiency. The onset of BRD is multifactorial, with numerous stressors being implicated, including transportation from farms to feedlots. In relation to animal welfare, regulations or practices may require mandatory rest times during transportation. Despite this, there is limited information on how transportation and rest stops affect the respiratory microbiota. Results This study evaluated the effect of cattle source (ranch-direct or auction market-derived) and rest stop duration (0 or 8 h of rest) on the upper respiratory tract microbiota and its relationship to stress response indicators (blood cortisol and haptoglobin) of recently weaned cattle transported for 36 h. The community structure of bacteria was altered by feedlot placement. When cattle were off-loaded for a rest, several key bacterial genera associated with BRD (Mannheimia, Histophilus, Pasteurella) were increased for most sampling times after feedlot placement for the ranch-direct cattle group, compared to animals given no rest stop. Similarly, more sampling time points had elevated levels of BRD-associated genera when auction market cattle were compared to ranch-direct. When evaluated across time and treatments several genera including Mannheimia, Moraxella, Streptococcus and Corynebacterium were positively correlated with blood cortisol concentrations. Conclusion This is the first study to assess the effect of rest during transportation and cattle source on the respiratory microbiota in weaned beef calves. The results suggest that rest stops and auction market placement may be risk factors for BRD, based solely on increased abundance of BRD-associated genera in the upper respiratory tract. However, it was not possible to link these microbiota to disease outcome, due to low incidence of BRD in the study populations. Larger scale studies are needed to further define how transportation variables impact cattle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Salah Uddin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Waldner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniela M. Meléndez
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Yan D. Niu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Trevor W. Alexander
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Dash J, Sethi M, Deb S, Parida D, Kar S, Mahapatra S, Minz AP, Pradhan B, Prasad P, Senapati S. Biochemical, functional and genomic characterization of a new probiotic Ligilactobacillus salivarius F14 from the gut of tribes of Odisha. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:171. [PMID: 37101059 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of new potential probiotics is desirable in the field of research on probiotics for their extensive use in health and disease. Tribes could be an unusual source of probiotics due to their unique food habits and least dependence on medications and consumption of antibiotics. The aim of the present study is to isolate lactic acid bacteria from tribal fecal samples of Odisha, India, and characterize their genetic and probiotic attributes. In this context one of the catalase-negative and Gram-positive isolates, identified using 16S rRNA sequencing as Ligilactobacillus salivarius, was characterized in vitro for its acid and bile tolerance, cell adhesion and antimicrobial properties. The whole genome sequence was obtained and analyzed for strain level identification, presence of genomic determinants for probiotic-specific features, and safety. Genes responsible for its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions were detected. The secreted metabolites were analyzed using high resolution mass spectroscopy; the results indicated that the antimicrobial potential could be due to the presence of pyroglutamic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, homoserine, and glutathione, and the immuno-modulating activity, contributed by the presence of short chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. So, to conclude we have successfully characterized a Ligilactobacillus salivarius species with potential antimicrobial and immunomodulatory ability. The health-promoting effects of this probiotic strain and/or its derivatives will be investigated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalaxmi Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Manisha Sethi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sushanta Deb
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Salona Kar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Soumendu Mahapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Aliva P Minz
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Biswaranjan Pradhan
- S. K. Dash Center of Excellence of Biosciences and Engineering & Technology (SKBET), Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Punit Prasad
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
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Alsayed AR, Abed A, Khader HA, Al-Shdifat LMH, Hasoun L, Al-Rshaidat MMD, Alkhatib M, Zihlif M. Molecular Accounting and Profiling of Human Respiratory Microbial Communities: Toward Precision Medicine by Targeting the Respiratory Microbiome for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4086. [PMID: 36835503 PMCID: PMC9966333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide diversity of microbiota at the genera and species levels across sites and individuals is related to various causes and the observed differences between individuals. Efforts are underway to further understand and characterize the human-associated microbiota and its microbiome. Using 16S rDNA as a genetic marker for bacterial identification improved the detection and profiling of qualitative and quantitative changes within a bacterial population. In this light, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic concepts and clinical applications of the respiratory microbiome, alongside an in-depth explanation of the molecular targets and the potential relationship between the respiratory microbiome and respiratory disease pathogenesis. The paucity of robust evidence supporting the correlation between the respiratory microbiome and disease pathogenesis is currently the main challenge for not considering the microbiome as a novel druggable target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, further studies are needed, especially prospective studies, to identify other drivers of microbiome diversity and to better understand the changes in the lung microbiome along with the potential association with disease and medications. Thus, finding a therapeutic target and unfolding its clinical significance would be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Anas Abed
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Heba A. Khader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Laith M. H. Al-Shdifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Luai Hasoun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Mamoon M. D. Al-Rshaidat
- Laboratory for Molecular and Microbial Ecology (LaMME), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Probiotics and Postbiotics as the Functional Food Components Affecting the Immune Response. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010104. [PMID: 36677396 PMCID: PMC9862734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The food market is one of the most innovative segments of the world economy. Recently, among consumers there is a forming trend of a healthier lifestyle and interest in functional foods. Products with positive health properties are a good source of nutrients for consumers' nutritional needs and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, or obesity. They also seem to boost the immune system. One of the types of functional food is "probiotic products", which contain viable microorganisms with beneficial health properties. However, due to some technical difficulties in their development and marketing, a new alternative has started to be sought. Many scientific studies also point to the possibility of positive effects on human health, the so-called "postbiotics", the characteristic metabolites of the microbiome. Both immunobiotics and post-immunobiotics are the food components that affect the immune response in two ways: as inhibition (suppressing allergies and inflammation) or as an enhancement (providing host defenses against infection). This work's aim was to conduct a literature review of the possibilities of using probiotics and postbiotics as the functional food components affecting the immune response, with an emphasis on the most recently published works.
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7
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Kim JY, Kim JY, Kim H, Moon EC, Heo K, Shim JJ, Lee JL. Immunostimulatory effects of dairy probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002 and Lactobacillus plantarum HY7717. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:1117-1131. [PMID: 36812033 PMCID: PMC9890336 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002 (HY8002) improved intestinal integrity and had immunomodulatory effects. Lactobacillus plantarum HY7717 (HY7717) was screened in vitro from among 21 other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and demonstrated nitric oxide (NO) production. The aims of this study were to investigate the individual and combined ex vivo and in vivo effects of LAB strains HY8002 and HY7717 at immunostimulating mice that have been challenged with an immunosuppressant drug. The combination of HY8002 and HY7717 increased the secretion of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in splenocytes. In a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression model, administration of the foregoing LAB combination improved the splenic and hematological indices, activated natural killer (NK) cells, and up-regulated plasma immunoglobulins and cytokines. Moreover, this combination treatment increased Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression. The ability of the combination treatment to upregulate IFN-γ and TNF-α in the splenocytes was inhibited by anti-TLR2 antibody. Hence, the immune responses stimulated by the combination of HY8002 and HY7717 are associated with TLR2 activation. The preceding findings suggest that the combination of the HY8002 and HY7717 LAB strains could prove to be a beneficial and efficacious immunostimulant probiotic supplement. The combination of the two probiotic strains will be applied on the dairy foods including yogurt and cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co.,
Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea
| | - Joo Yun Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co.,
Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea
| | - Hyeonji Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co.,
Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea
| | | | - Keon Heo
- R&BD Center, hy Co.,
Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea,Corresponding author: Keon Heo,
R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea. Tel: +82-70-7835-6040,
E-mail:
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8
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Han CE, Ewe JA, Kuan CS, Yeo SK. Growth characteristic of probiotic in fermented coconut milk and the antibacterial properties against Streptococcus pyogenes. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3379-3386. [PMID: 35875243 PMCID: PMC9304481 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated growth characteristics and antibacterial properties of probiotics in fermented coconut milk (CM) against Streptococcus pyogenes. A total of eight probiotics were screened for their survivability in CM. Antibacterial test against S. pyogenes was carried out on strain with highest growth rate. The survivability of probiotics in CM is strain dependent with S. salivarius ATCC 13419 showing the highest growth rate. Titratable acidity of the CM increased significantly while pH decreased significantly upon 9 h fermentation. The antibacterial properties of CM fermented with S. salivarius ATCC 13419 and K12 against S. pyogenes enhanced by 60.60% and 67.69%, respectively, compared to non-fermented CM. Their ability to metabolise carbohydrates and fats in CM was proven where alpha-glucosidase activity of S. salivarius ATCC 13419 and K12 was 22.42 ± 1.73 and 24.92 ± 7.22 unit/L, respectively, whereas, lipase activity was 1498.29 ± 48.50 and 1749.90 ± 254.28 unit/L, respectively. Lipolytic activity of these strains was further evidenced by GC-MS results whereby lauric acid content (potent antibacterial substance) in CM fermented with S. salivarius ATCC 13419 and K12 increased significantly by 5.03% and 10.74%, respectively. In conclusion, fermented CM provided a new alternative of non-dairy functional product with antibacterial potential against S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Enn Han
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Joo-Ann Ewe
- Nano and Advanced Material Institute Limited, Lakeside 1, New Territories, Shatin, Science and Technology W Ave, Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Chee-Sian Kuan
- NeoGenix Laboratoire, Kelana Square, C707, Jalan SS17/26, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siok Koon Yeo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Antagonistic activity and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SQ511 against Salmonella enteritidis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:126. [PMID: 35573802 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis is an important food-borne pathogen. The use of antibiotics is a serious threat to animal and human health, owing to the existence of resistant strains and drug residues. Lactic acid bacteria, as a new alternative to antibiotics, has attracted much attention. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial potential and underlying mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SQ511 against S. enteritidis ATCC13076. The results revealed that L. rhamnosus SQ511 significantly inhibited S. enteritidis ATCC13076 growth or even caused death. Laser confocal microscopic imaging revealed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. rhamnosus SQ511 elevated the reactive oxygen species level and bacterial membrane depolarization in S. enteritidis ATCC13076, leading to cell death. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus SQ511 CFS had severely deleterious effects on S. enteritidis ATCC13076, causing membrane destruction and the release of cellular materials. In addition, L. rhamnosus SQ511 CFS significantly reduced the expression of virulence, motility, adhesion, and invasion genes in S. enteritidis ATCC13076 (P < 0.05), and considerably inhibited motility and biofilm formation capacity (P < 0.05). Thus, antimicrobial compounds produced by L. rhamnosus SQ511 strongly inhibited S. enteritidis growth, mobility, biofilm formation, membrane disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation, and regulated virulence-related gene expressions, presenting promising applications as a probiotic agent.
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Li X, Wang Q, Hu X, Liu W. Current Status of Probiotics as Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:789063. [PMID: 35360101 PMCID: PMC8964067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.789063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics play an important role against infectious pathogens via their effects on the epithelium, the production of antimicrobial compounds, and competitive exclusion. Administration of probiotic supplements may reduce the risk of infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics, hence contributing to a reduction or a delay of the development of multi-resistant bacteria. Infection is a constant concern for people who experience recurrent infections, and antibiotic treatment usually fails due to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, an infection can lead to severe illness and hospitalization if left untreated. A growing number of studies have demonstrated promising results for a variety of probiotic strains used to prevent or treat acute and recurrent infectious diseases, but additional standardized clinical research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sandionigi A, De Giani A, Tursi F, Michelotti A, Cestone E, Giardina S, Zampolli J, Di Gennaro P. Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3860896. [PMID: 35127941 PMCID: PMC8814717 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3860896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The decline of the immune system with aging leads elderly people to be more susceptible to infections, posing high risk for their health. Vaccination is thus important to cope with this risk, even though not always effective. As a strategy to improve protection, adjuvants are used in concomitance with vaccines, however, occasionally producing important side effects. The use of probiotics has been proposed as an alternative to adjuvants due to their efficacy in reducing the risk of common infections through the interactions with the immune system and the gut microbiota. A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out on fifty elderly subjects, vaccinated for influenza, to determine the efficacy of a probiotic mixture in reducing common infection symptoms. The incidence of symptoms was evaluated after 28 days of probiotic intake (namely, T28) and after further 28 days of follow-up (namely, T56). The number of subjects, as well as the number of days with symptoms, was remarkably reduced at T28, and even more at T56 in the probiotic group. Furthermore, the influence of probiotics on immunological parameters was investigated, showing a significant positive improvement of total antioxidant capacity and β-defensin2 levels. Finally, faecal samples collected from participants were used to assess variations in the gut microbiota composition during the study, showing that probiotic intake enhanced the presence of genera related to a healthy status. Therefore, the collected results suggested that the treatment with the selected probiotic mixture could help in reducing common infectious disease symptom incidence through the stimulation of the immune system, improving vaccine efficacy, and modulating the composition of the resident gut microbiota by enhancing beneficial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Giani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Enza Cestone
- Complife Italia Srl, San Martino Siccomario (PV), Italy
| | | | - Jessica Zampolli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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12
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Włodarczyk J, Czerwiński B, Fichna J. Short-chain fatty acids-microbiota crosstalk in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1198-1207. [PMID: 36166147 PMCID: PMC9513287 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) still remains a major challenge to the health-care systems worldwide, inciting ongoing search for pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions which could benefit patients already infected with SARS-CoV-2 or at increased risk thereof. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, it may also infect other organs and systems, including gastrointestinal tract, where it results in microbial dysbiosis. There is an emerging understanding of the role the gut microbiota plays in maintaining immune homeostasis, both inside the gastrointestinal tract and beyond (i.e. through gut-lung and gut-brain axes). One family of compounds with recognized immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties are short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are believed that they have a protective effect in case of gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, they are responsible for maintaining proper intestinal barrier and they take part in relevant immune functions. This review presents mechanisms of action and potential benefits of SCFA-based probiotics and direct SCFA supplementation as a strategy to support immune function amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Włodarczyk
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland ,grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Czerwiński
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Raya Tonetti F, Tomokiyo M, Ortiz Moyano R, Quilodrán-Vega S, Yamamuro H, Kanmani P, Melnikov V, Kurata S, Kitazawa H, Villena J. The Respiratory Commensal Bacterium Dolosigranulum pigrum 040417 Improves the Innate Immune Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061324. [PMID: 34207076 PMCID: PMC8234606 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that the nasal administration of Dolosigranulum pigrum 040417 differentially modulated the respiratory innate immune response triggered by the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 in infant mice. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of D. pigrum 040417 in the context of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and characterize the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the immunomodulatory properties of this respiratory commensal bacterium. The nasal administration of D. pigrum 040417 to infant mice significantly increased their resistance to pneumococcal infection, differentially modulated respiratory cytokines production, and reduced lung injuries. These effects were associated to the ability of the 040417 strain to modulate AMs function. Depletion of AMs significantly reduced the capacity of the 040417 strain to improve both the reduction of pathogen loads and the protection against lung tissue damage. We also demonstrated that the immunomodulatory properties of D. pigrum are strain-specific, as D. pigrum 030918 was not able to modulate respiratory immunity or to increase the resistance of mice to an S. pneumoniae infection. These findings enhanced our knowledge regarding the immunological mechanisms involved in modulation of respiratory immunity induced by beneficial respiratory commensal bacteria and suggested that particular strains could be used as next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Raya Tonetti
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (F.R.T.); (R.O.M.)
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (H.Y.); (P.K.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ramiro Ortiz Moyano
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (F.R.T.); (R.O.M.)
| | - Sandra Quilodrán-Vega
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Hikari Yamamuro
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (H.Y.); (P.K.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Paulraj Kanmani
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (H.Y.); (P.K.)
| | - Vyacheslav Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Shoichiro Kurata
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (H.Y.); (P.K.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (F.R.T.); (R.O.M.)
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (H.Y.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (J.V.)
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Wu H, Chen Q, Liu J, Chen X, Luo H, Ye Z, Liu J. Microbiome analysis reveals gut microbiota alteration in mice with the effect of matrine. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104926. [PMID: 33964419 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence revealed the negative effects of abuse of antibiotic including the induction of decreased immunity and dysbacteriosis. Matrine displayed multiple beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial, but studies of its influence on gut microbiota are still insufficient to report. Here, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of matrine on the gut microbiota of mice and amoxicillin was used as a positive control. A total of 21 cecal samples were obtained from seven groups for high-throughput sequencing analysis based on V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes. Results revealed that the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in mice gradually decreased with the increase of the concentration of amoxicillin, whereas matrine administration did not effect the intestinal microbial community structure. Additionally, amoxicillin and matrine supplementation also caused significant changes in the relative abundance of some intestinal bacteria. Specifically, the ratio of Klebsiella and Corynebacterium_1, Bacteroides and Parasutterella in the amoxicillin treated-group were increased as compared to the control group, whereas Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Alistipes and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased. Conversely, matrine administration significantly increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as Ruminiclostridium_9, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified. In conclusion, amoxicillin administration could change the microbial community composition and structure by increasing the proportion of pathogenic to beneficial bacteria, whereas matrine could increase the number of beneficial bacteria. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical basis for finding alternatives to antibiotics to decrease bacterial resistance and intestinal flora imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Wu
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jinni Liu
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Houqiang Luo
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhaowei Ye
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
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15
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Heidari Z, Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi-Hayat SM, Moattari A, Razban V, Berenjian A, Savardashtaki A, Negahdaripour M. Probiotics/ prebiotics in viral respiratory infections: implication for emerging pathogens. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:112-136. [PMID: 33874878 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210419103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral respiratory infections could result in perturbation of the gut microbiota due to a probable cross-talk between lungs and gut microbiota. This can affect the pulmonary health and the gastrointestinal system. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to discuss the impact of probiotics/ prebiotics and supplements on the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, especially emerging pathogens. METHODS The data were searched were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and The Lens-Patent using keywords of probiotics and viral respiratory infections in the title, abstract, and keywords. RESULT Probiotics consumption could decrease the susceptibility to viral respiratory infections, such as COVID-19 and simultaneously enhance vaccine efficiency in infectious disease prevention through the immune system enhancement. Probiotics improve the gut microbiota and the immune system via regulating the innate system response and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, treatment with probiotics contributes to the intestinal homeostasis restitution under antibiotic pressure and decreasing the risk of secondary infections due to viral respiratory infections. Probiotics present varied performances in different conditions; thus, promoting their efficacy through combining with supplements (prebiotics, postbiotics, nutraceuticals, berberine, curcumin, lactoferrin, minerals, and vitamins) is important. Several supplements reported to enhance the probiotics' efficacy and their mechanisms as well as probiotics related patents are summarized in this review. Using nanotechnology and microencapsulation techniques can also improve probiotics efficiency. CONCLUSION Given the global challenge of COVID-19, probiotic/prebiotic and following nutritional guidelines should be regarded seriously. Additionally, their role as an adjuvant in vaccination for immune response augmentation needs attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi-Hayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton. New Zealand
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
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16
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Reduction of heavy metals bioaccumulation in sorghum and its rhizosphere by heavy metals-tolerant bacterial consortium. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Westerik N, Nelson A, Wacoo AP, Sybesma W, Kort R. A Comparative Interrupted Times Series on the Health Impact of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption Among School Children From Three to Six Years Old in Southwest Uganda. Front Nutr 2020; 7:574792. [PMID: 33363193 PMCID: PMC7756026 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Following a school milk feeding program in Southwest Uganda, we initiated a probiotic yogurt school feeding program in the same region in 2018. In order to investigate the potential health benefits from probiotic yogurt we conducted an observational study, where we compared the effect of the consumption of locally produced probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 to milk in pre-primary schoolchildren from different schools on the occurrence of respiratory tract infections (common cold) and skin infections (e.g., tinea capitis). Method: A comparative interrupted time series over a period of 3 weeks of baseline followed by 9 weeks of 100 ml of probiotic yogurt or milk consumption for 5 days per week. In total 584 children attending five different schools were followed during consumption of probiotic yogurt and 532 children attending five other schools during consumption of milk. Incidences of respiratory tract infection symptoms and skin infection symptoms, changes in anthropometric indicators and absenteeism were recorded. Results: Over the course of the study period the incidence rate for common cold symptoms decreased faster in the yogurt group than in the milk group (p = 0.09) resulting in a final RR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.5-1.4) at the end of the observational period. The incidence rate of skin infection related symptoms also reduced faster in the yogurt group compared to the milk group (p < 0.0001) resulting in a relative risk factor (RR) of 0.6 (CI: 0.4-0.9) at the end of the observational period. Anthropometric indicators and level of absenteeism did not show significant differences between yogurt and milk. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the observed positive trend and effect of probiotic yogurt on the incidences of common cold and skin infections, respectively, we consider the results of this comparative interrupted time series inconclusive due to differences in the recorded health parameters between the probiotic yogurt and milk control groups at base line, and fluctuations over the course of the intervention period. An improved study design, with more uniform study groups, a longer intervention period and a third control group without yogurt or milk is required to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieke Westerik
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Alex Paul Wacoo
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Remco Kort
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Lactic Acid Bacteria Ameliorate Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter-Exacerbated Allergic Inflammation in a Murine Model of Asthma. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110260. [PMID: 33126646 PMCID: PMC7692958 DOI: 10.3390/life10110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several air pollution components such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) have been linked to the development of asthma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of three lactic acid bacteria species, Lactobacillus plantarum GREEN CROSS Wellbeing (GCWB)1001, Pediococcus acidilactici GCWB1085, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCWB1156, in preventing DEPM-exacerbated asthma in mice. BALB/c mice were first sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and were either challenged with OVA or DEPM (DEPM-exacerbated asthma model) by intranasal instillation. All three strains showed no hemolytic activity, suggesting a good safety profile. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria reduced OVA + DEPM-induced inflammatory infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, airway remodeling, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The probiotics also attenuated OVA + DEPM-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum and in BALF, and significantly reduced caspase-3 activity, total collagen level, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity. In conclusion, lactic acid bacteria such as L. plantarum GCWB1001, P. acidilactici GCWB1085, and L. rhamnosus treatment in mice with asthma showed significant efficacy in preventing lung inflammation exacerbated by DEPM administration.
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19
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De Rudder C, Garcia-Tímermans C, De Boeck I, Lebeer S, Van de Wiele T, Calatayud Arroyo M. Lacticaseibacillus casei AMBR2 modulates the epithelial barrier function and immune response in a donor-derived nasal microbiota manner. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16939. [PMID: 33037304 PMCID: PMC7547715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Live biotherapeutic products (LBP) are emerging as alternative treatment strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis. The selection of interesting candidate LBPs often involves model systems that do not include the polymicrobial background (i.e. the host microbiota) in which they will be introduced. Here, we performed a screening in a simplified model system of upper respiratory epithelium to assess the effect of nasal microbiota composition on the ability to attach and grow of a potential LBP, Lacticaseibacillus casei AMBR2, in this polymicrobial background. After selecting the most permissive and least permissive donor, L. casei AMBR2 colonisation in their respective polymicrobial backgrounds was assessed in more physiologically relevant model systems. We examined cytotoxicity, epithelial barrier function, and cytokine secretion, as well as bacterial cell density and phenotypic diversity in differentiated airway epithelium based models, with or without macrophage-like cells. L. casei AMBR2 could colonize in the presence of both selected donor microbiota and increased epithelial barrier resistance in presence of donor-derived nasal bacteria, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the presence of macrophage-like cells. This study highlights the potential of L. casei AMBR2 as LBP and the necessity to employ physiologically relevant model systems to investigate host–microbe interaction in LBP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte De Rudder
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristina Garcia-Tímermans
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilke De Boeck
- Research Group of Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group of Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marta Calatayud Arroyo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Group of Lactic Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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20
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Kruglikov IL, Shah M, Scherer PE. Obesity and diabetes as comorbidities for COVID-19: Underlying mechanisms and the role of viral-bacterial interactions. eLife 2020; 9:e61330. [PMID: 32930095 PMCID: PMC7492082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are established comorbidities for COVID-19. Adipose tissue demonstrates high expression of ACE2 which SARS- CoV-2 exploits to enter host cells. This makes adipose tissue a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 viruses and thus increases the integral viral load. Acute viral infection results in ACE2 downregulation. This relative deficiency can lead to disturbances in other systems controlled by ACE2, including the renin-angiotensin system. This will be further increased in the case of pre-conditions with already compromised functioning of these systems, such as in patients with obesity and diabetes. Here, we propose that interactions of virally-induced ACE2 deficiency with obesity and/or diabetes leads to a synergistic further impairment of endothelial and gut barrier function. The appearance of bacteria and/or their products in the lungs of obese and diabetic patients promotes interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens, resulting in a more severe lung injury in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manasi Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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21
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Immunomodulatory Activity of Lactococcus lactis GCWB1176 in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Model. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081175. [PMID: 32748895 PMCID: PMC7464527 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis has been reported to have immunostimulating properties in an immunosuppressed-animal model. However, the immunological activities of Lactococcus lactis and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this report, we evaluated the immunostimulating activity and associated mechanisms of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis GCWB1176 (GCWB1176) in macrophages and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. In a series of safety tests, GCWB1176 was found to have a negative response to hemolysis, as well as susceptibility to antibiotics. Administration of GCWB1176 elevated natural killer (NK) cell activities; concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation; and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. In RAW264.7 macrophages, treatment with GCWB1176 induced phagocytic activity and increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible NO synthase. Simultaneously, GCWB1176 increased the production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-12 from mouse splenocytes and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, GCWB1176 significantly increased the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and iNOS. Taken together, GCWB1176 improved immune function through the activation of macrophages and NK cells. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GCWB1176 may be used to enhance immunity.
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22
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Liu Z, Li A, Wang Y, Iqbal M, Zheng A, Zhao M, Li Z, Wang N, Wu C, Yu D. Comparative analysis of microbial community structure between healthy and Aeromonas veronii-infected Yangtze finless porpoise. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:123. [PMID: 32503532 PMCID: PMC7275351 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem, which is essential for the metabolism, health and immunity of host. Many diseases have been shown to be closely related to the alteration of intestinal flora. Aeromonas veronii as a conditioned pathogen can cause disease in Yangtze finless porpoise through intestinal infections. However, it is not clear whether the disease caused by Aeromonas veronii is related to changes of intestinal flora. In the current study, the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in the healthy and Aeromonas veronii-infected Yangtze finless porpoise were evaluated by high-throughput sequencing to further investigate the potential association between intestinal flora alteration and pathogen invasion. Results A total of 127,3276 high-quality sequences were achieved and 2465 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were in common among all samples. The results of alpha diversity showed that there was no obvious difference in richness and diversity between healthy and Aeromonas veronii-infected Yangtze finless porpoise. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all samples. In addition, the healthy Yangtze finless porpoise exhibited higher abundance of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria than Aeromonas veronii-infected Yangtze finless porpoise, while, the level of Proteobacteria was decreased. At the genus level, Paeniclostridium and Paraclostridium were the predominant bacteria genera in the CK (healthy Yangtze finless porpoise) group. In the DIS (Aeromonas veronii-infected Yangtze finless porpoise) group, Lactobacillus and unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae were the dominant bacteria genera and the proportion of Paeniclostridium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Cetobacterium, Candidatus Arthromitus, Terrabacter and Dechloromonas were reduced. Conclusions In conclusion, our results showed that Aeromonas veronii infection can alter the gut microbiota of the Yangtze finless porpoise by affecting the number of harmful bacteria and beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China. .,Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Aifang Zheng
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China.,Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China
| | - Zhongkai Li
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China
| | - Daoping Yu
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China.,Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China
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23
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Arellano-Ayala K, Ascencio-Valle FJ, Gutiérrez-González P, Estrada-Girón Y, Torres-Vitela MR, Macías-Rodríguez ME. Hydrophobic and adhesive patterns of lactic acid bacteria and their antagonism against foodborne pathogens on tomato surface (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:876-891. [PMID: 32320113 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate tomato epiphyte lactic acid bacteria (LAB) hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation as an indicator of bacteria adhesion to tomato. Likewise, use LAB adhesion and co-aggregation as mechanisms to antagonize pathogen attachment. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-four LAB were screened to evaluate their hydrophobic, auto- and co-aggregative properties against Salmonella Typhimurium, Saintpaul, Montevideo and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Subsequently, tomato adhesion of Enterococcus faecium Col1-1C, Weisella cibaria 11-E-2 and W. confusa Col 1-13 with high, medium and low hydrophobicity and high co-aggregation was investigated as well as their pathogen antagonism. Results indicate that bacteria hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation correspond to LAB adhesion to tomato. Enterococcus faecium Col1-1C interfered in most of the pathogen adhesion and micrographs revealed that such effect could be related to the inhibition of structures-type biofilm on E. coli O157:H7 and the aggregate formation on Salmonella. CONCLUSIONS Lactic acid bacteria hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation can estimate bacteria adhesion to tomato and adhesive and co-aggregative properties could serve as a tool to antagonize foodborne pathogens under specific conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study evidence the interference of Ent. faecium Col1-1C in E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation and Salmonella colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arellano-Ayala
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea.,Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - F J Ascencio-Valle
- Center for Biological Research of the Northwest, CIBNOR, Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - P Gutiérrez-González
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Y Estrada-Girón
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - M R Torres-Vitela
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - M E Macías-Rodríguez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Manti S, Parisi GF, Papale M, Licari A, Salpietro C, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Marseglia GL, Leonardi S. Bacteriotherapy with Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococcus oralis 89a nasal spray for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children: a pilot study on short-term efficacy. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:42. [PMID: 32245500 PMCID: PMC7126168 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-0798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) are defined by the presence of at least one of the following criteria: (i) > 6 annual respiratory infections (RIs); (ii) > 1 monthly RIs involving the upper airways from September to April; (iii) > 3 annual RIs involving the lower airways represent a very common health problem in the first years of life. We conducted a multi-centre, prospective, single-open study to assess the efficacy and the safety of Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc and Streptococcus oralis 89a in the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in children. Methods Ninety-one children (M:F = 47:44, mean age 7.4 ± 2.3 years) with RRIs were enrolled in the study between September and November 2018. At baseline, children received Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc and Streptococcus oralis 89a as 2 puffs for nostril twice/day for 7 days/months. The treatment lasted for 3 consecutive months. Efficacy was expressed in terms of absence or presence of fever, cough, bronchospasm, rhinorrhea and otalgia, at 1 month (T1), and 3 (T3) months. Safety and tolerability of the probiotic were evaluated on the basis of the number and type of adverse events (AEs) recorded during the treatment. Results Children treated with Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc and Streptococcus oralis 89a showed a significant decrease of symptoms including episodes of fever, cough, bronchospasm, rhinorrhea, and otalgia (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. The treatment significantly reduced the number of episodes of fever, cough, bronchospasm, rhinorrhea, otalgia, and cough also in patients with positive familial history for atopy and in atopic children (p < 0.05). No significant differences in symptoms among children with negative familial history for atopy and children with positive familial history for atopy subgroups, not atopic and atopic children subgroups, and smoke-exposed and not smoke-exposed subgroups were observed (p > 0.05). Conducting a subgroup analysis according to the age, it has been reported that children aged 1–3 years old showed an improvement in all symptoms, however, they become statistically significant only at the end of the 3 months of treatment (p < 0.05). Conversely, in children aged 3–6 and 6–12 years old, the therapeutic efficacy was progressive and significant already from the first month of therapy (p < 0.05). None of the children were withdrawn from the study because of AEs, although 9 children experienced burning nose leading to interruption of therapy. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc and Streptococcus oralis 89a treatment is safe and seems to be effective on short-term in the treatment of RRIs. Studies involving a longer observation period are necessary to establish the real efficacy of the product for the treatment of pediatric patients affected by RRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Papale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Via Camillo Golgi 17, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli.", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Via Camillo Golgi 17, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Variation in the response of bovine alveolar lavage cells to diverse species of probiotic bacteria. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:159. [PMID: 32178719 PMCID: PMC7077026 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics are fed to improve enteric health, and they may also affect respiratory immunity through their exposure to the upper respiratory tract upon ingestion. However, their effect on the respiratory system is not known. Our aim was to determine how probiotics affect functions and markers of bronchoalveolar lung lavage cells (BAL) isolated from lungs of calves at slaughter. RESULTS Treatments consisted of ten probiotic species and one control treatment. Probiotics and BAL were incubated 1:1 for 2 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2. The cell surface markers measured included CD14, CD205, and CD18, and E. coli bioparticles were used to measure phagocytosis and oxidative burst. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and were noted for percent cells fluorescing and mean fluorescence intensity for CD14 and CD205. Additionally, oxidative burst was different as measured by both percentage of cells fluorescing and mean fluorescence intensity, and phagocytosis differed among species as measured by mean fluorescence intensity. Overall, probiotic species differed in their ability to suppress or increase leukocyte function showing that probiotic bacteria differentially modulate BAL.
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26
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Amat S, Timsit E, Baines D, Yanke J, Alexander TW. Development of Bacterial Therapeutics against the Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01359-19. [PMID: 31444198 PMCID: PMC6803296 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01359-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Recent evidence suggests that commensal bacteria of the bovine nasopharynx have an important role in maintaining respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens. The objective of this study was to screen and select bacterial therapeutic candidates from the nasopharynxes of feedlot cattle to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica In a stepwise approach, bacteria (n = 300) isolated from the nasopharynxes of 100 healthy feedlot cattle were identified and initially screened (n = 178 isolates from 12 different genera) for growth inhibition of M. haemolytica Subsequently, selected isolates were evaluated for the ability to adhere to bovine turbinate (BT) cells (n = 47), compete against M. haemolytica for BT cell adherence (n = 15), and modulate gene expression in BT cells (n = 10). Lactobacillus strains had the strongest inhibition of M. haemolytica, with 88% of the isolates (n =33) having inhibition zones ranging from 17 to 23 mm. Adherence to BT cells ranged from 3.4 to 8.0 log10 CFU per 105 BT cells. All the isolates tested in competition assays reduced M. haemolytica adherence to BT cells (32% to 78%). Among 84 bovine genes evaluated, selected isolates upregulated expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 (P < 0.05). After ranking isolates for greatest inhibition, adhesion, competition, and immunomodulation properties, 6 Lactobacillus strains from 4 different species were selected as the best candidates for further development as intranasal bacterial therapeutics to mitigate M. haemolytica infection in feedlot cattle.IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant animal health issue impacting the beef industry. Current BRD prevention strategies rely mainly on metaphylactic use of antimicrobials when cattle enter feedlots. However, a recent increase in BRD-associated bacterial pathogens that are resistant to metaphylactic antimicrobials highlights a pressing need for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Based upon previous research showing the importance of respiratory commensal bacteria in protecting against bronchopneumonia, this study aimed to develop bacterial therapeutics that could be used to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica Bacteria isolated from the respiratory tracts of healthy cattle were characterized for their inhibitory, adhesive, and immunomodulatory properties. In total, 6 strains were identified as having the best properties for use as intranasal therapeutics to inhibit M. haemolytica If successful in vivo, these strains offer an alternative to metaphylactic antimicrobial use in feedlot cattle for mitigating BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samat Amat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Simpson Ranch Chair in Beef Cattle Health and Wellness, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Okotoks, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danica Baines
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jay Yanke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Li X, Yang B, Sun Y, Li S, Liu D, Zou Y, Xiao C. Screening of antagonistic strains of respiratory origin and analysis of their bacteriostatic effects on pathogens. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e940. [PMID: 31588663 PMCID: PMC6925161 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To find antagonistic strains in the respiratory tract having bacteriostatic properties against common pathogens. Methods The oropharyngeal microbiota of five healthy children aged 4–6 years were collected and α‐hemolytic bacteria screened on 15% sheep blood agar. Bacteriostatic effects of the isolated α‐hemolytic bacteria on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes were evaluated by the Oxford cup method. Antagonistic strains were identified by mass spectrometry, and the16S rDNAs were sequenced, and their best bacteriostatic concentrations and antagonistic spectra for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter Baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes were evaluated. Results Of 300 isolated α‐hemolytic bacterial clones, four exhibited bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that two of them were Streptococcus mitis and two others were Streptococcus parasanguinis strains. Further tests showed that all 4 antagonistic strains also had bacteriostatic effects on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter Baumanii, and the mode of action was not mediated by lactic acid production. Conclusion Four antagonistic Streptococcus strains derived from oropharyngeal microbiotas showed bacteriostatic effects on pathogens and may be involved in pharyngeal microbiome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyin Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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Amat S, Holman DB, Timsit E, Schwinghamer T, Alexander TW. Evaluation of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Beef Cattle Transported to a Feedlot, With a Focus on Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1988. [PMID: 31551953 PMCID: PMC6743003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota is important in defining respiratory health in feedlot cattle, with certain NP commensals potentially protecting against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated longitudinal changes in the NP microbiota with a focus on lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) and their linkage with BRD-associated bacteria in steers (n = 13) that were first transported to an auction market, and then to a feedlot. Deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at the farm before transportation to the auction market (day 0), at feedlot placement (day 2), and 5 (day 7) and 12 (day 14) days after feedlot placement. Swabs were processed for the assessment of the NP microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and for the detection of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni by culturing. Possible associations among the top 15 most relatively abundant bacterial genera were predicted using a stepwise-selected generalized linear mixed model. Correlations between LAB and BRD-associated Pasteurellaceae families were also assessed. In addition, antimicrobial activity of selected LAB isolates against M. haemolytica was evaluated in vitro. A noticeable shift was observed in the NP microbial community structure, and in the relative abundance of LAB families as a result of auction market exposure, transport and feedlot placement. Varying degrees of positive or negative associations between the 15 most relatively abundant genera were observed. Many of the LAB families were inversely correlated with the BRD-associated Pasteurellaceae family as the cattle were transported to the auction market and then to the feedlot. Nearly all steers were culture-negative for M. haemolytica and H. somni, and P. multocida became less prevalent after feedlot placement. Isolates from the Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Enterococcaceae families inhibited the growth of M. haemolytica. The results of this study indicated that the NP microbiota became more diverse with an increase in microbial richness following transport to an auction market and feedlot. This study provides evidence of potential cooperation and exclusion taking place in the respiratory microbial community of cattle which may be useful for developing microbial-based strategies to mitigate BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samat Amat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Devin B Holman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Simpson Ranch Chair in Beef Cattle Health and Wellness, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy Schwinghamer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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29
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Jung IS, Jeon MG, Oh DS, Jung YJ, Kim HS, Bae D, Kim Y, Lee GE, Choi C, Hwang YP. Micronized, Heat-Treated Lactobacillus plantarum LM1004 Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immune Suppression. J Med Food 2019; 22:896-906. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Il Seon Jung
- Centre for Research and Development, LactoMason Co., Ltd., Jinju, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Jeon
- Centre for Research and Development, LactoMason Co., Ltd., Jinju, Korea
| | - Da Som Oh
- Centre for Research and Development, LactoMason Co., Ltd., Jinju, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Jung
- Centre for Research and Development, LactoMason Co., Ltd., Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Kim
- Centre for Research and Development, LactoMason Co., Ltd., Jinju, Korea
| | - Donghyuck Bae
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Korea
| | - Gyeong-eun Lee
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Korea
| | - Chulyung Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Korea
| | - Yong Pil Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, International University of Korea, Jinju, Korea
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30
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Abou-Aly HE, Youssef AM, El-Meihy RM, Tawfik TA, El-Akshar EA. Evaluation of heavy metals tolerant bacterial strains as antioxidant agents and plant growth promoters. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Cárdenas N, Martín V, Arroyo R, López M, Carrera M, Badiola C, Jiménez E, Rodríguez JM. Prevention of Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Children Through the Use of Lactobacillus salivarius PS7, a Target-Specific Probiotic Strain. Nutrients 2019; 11:E376. [PMID: 30759799 PMCID: PMC6413216 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. Empiric antibiotherapy leads to increasing antimicrobial resistance rates among otopathogens and may impair the correct development of the microbiota in early life. In this context, probiotics seem to be an attractive approach for preventing recurrent AOM (rAOM) through the restoration of the middle ear and nasopharyngeal microbiota. The aim of this study was the selection of a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus salivarius PS7), specifically tailored for its antagonism against otopathogens. Since L. salivarius PS7 was safe and displayed a strong antimicrobial activity against otopathogens, its efficacy in preventing rAOM was assessed in a trial involving 61 children suffering from rAOM. Children consumed daily ~1 × 10⁸ CFU of L. salivarius PS7, and the number of AOM episodes were registered and compared with that observed in the previous 6 and 12 months. The microbiota of samples collected from the external auditory canal samples was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. The number of AOM episodes during the intervention period decreased significantly (84%) when compared to that reported during the 6 months period before the probiotic intervention. In conclusion, L. salivarius PS7 is a promising strain for the prevention of rAOM in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivia Cárdenas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Virginia Martín
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario López
- Centro de Salud Bermeo, Tonpoi Kalea, s/n, 48370 Bermeo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Marta Carrera
- Centro de Salud Silvano, Av. de Machupichu, 58, 28043 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Badiola
- Laboratorios Casen Recordati S.L., Vía de las Dos Castillas, 33, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic Weissella cibaria, CMU. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081984. [PMID: 30096901 PMCID: PMC6222630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies have explored the use of probiotics like the Weissella cibaria strain, CMU (oraCMU), for use as preventive dental medicine instead of chemical oral care methods. The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial properties of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) from this bacterium. Cell morphology using the scanning electron microscope, and the antibacterial effect of CFS under various growth conditions were evaluated. The production of hydrogen peroxide, organic acids, fatty acids, and secretory proteins was also studied. Most of the antibacterial effects of oraCMU against periodontal pathogens were found to be acid- and hydrogen peroxide-dose-dependent effects. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and citric acid were the most common organic acids. Among the 37 fatty acids, only 0.02% of oleic acid (C18:1n-9, cis) was detected. Proteomic analysis of the oraCMU secretome identified a total of 19 secreted proteins, including N-acetylmuramidase. This protein may be a potential anti-microbial agent effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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33
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The nasopharyngeal microbiome. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:297-312. [PMID: 33525776 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human microbiomes have received increasing attention over the last 10 years, leading to a pervasiveness of hypotheses relating dysbiosis to health and disease. The respiratory tract has received much less attention in this respect than that of, for example, the human gut. Nevertheless, progress has been made in elucidating the immunological, ecological and environmental drivers that govern these microbial consortia and the potential consequences of aberrant microbiomes. In this review, we consider the microbiome of the nasopharynx, a specific niche of the upper respiratory tract. The nasopharynx is an important site, anatomically with respect to its gateway position between upper and lower airways, and for pathogenic bacterial colonisation. The dynamics of the latter are important for long-term respiratory morbidity, acute infections of both invasive and non-invasive disease and associations with chronic airway disease exacerbations. Here, we review the development of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome over the life course, examining it from the early establishment of resilient profiles in neonates through to perturbations associated with pneumonia risk in the elderly. We focus specifically on the commensal, opportunistically pathogenic members of the NP microbiome that includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In addition, we consider the role of relatively harmless genera such as Dolosigranulum and Corynebacterium. Understanding that the NP microbiome plays such a key, beneficial role in maintaining equilibrium of commensal species, prevention of pathogen outgrowth and host immunity enables future research to be directed appropriately.
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Amat S, Subramanian S, Timsit E, Alexander TW. Probiotic bacteria inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 in vitro. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 64:343-349. [PMID: 28178767 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of probiotic bacteria to inhibit growth and cell adhesion of the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemoltyica serotype 1. The inhibitory effects of nine probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and two Paenibacillus polymyxa strains) against M. haemolytica were evaluated using a spot-on-lawn method. Probiotic strains were then tested for their adherence to bovine bronchial epithelial (BBE) cells and the ability to displace and compete against M. haemolytica on BBE. Except for S. thermophilus, all probiotic strains inhibited the growth of M. haemolytica, with zones of inhibition ranging between 12 and 19 mm. Lactobacillus strains and Lactococcus lactis displayed greater (P < 0·05) BBE adhesion compared with M. heamolytica (8·3%) and other probiotics (<2·2%). Strains of P. polymyxa and L. acidophilus caused the greatest reduction in M. haemolytica adherence, through both displacement and competition, compared with other probiotics. The results of this study suggest that probiotics may have the potential to colonize the bovine respiratory tract, and exert antagonistic effects against M. haemolytica serotype 1. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A common method to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlots is through mass medication with antibiotics upon cattle entry (i.e. metaphylaxis). Increasingly, antimicrobial resistance in BRD bacterial pathogens has been observed in feedlots, which may have important implications for cattle health. In this study, probiotic strains were shown to adhere to bovine respiratory cells and inhibit the BRD pathogen M. haemolytica serotype 1 through competition and displacement. Probiotics may therefore offer a mitigation strategy to reduce BRD bacterial pathogens, in place of metaphylactic antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S Subramanian
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - E Timsit
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T W Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Salva S, Alvarez S. The Role of Microbiota and Immunobiotics in Granulopoiesis of Immunocompromised Hosts. Front Immunol 2017; 8:507. [PMID: 28533775 PMCID: PMC5421150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of granulocytes is maintained by a regulated balance between granulopoiesis in the bone marrow and clearance and destruction in peripheral tissues. Granulopoiesis plays a fundamental role in the innate immune response. Therefore, factors affecting the normal granulopoiesis lead to alterations in innate defenses and reduce the resistance against infections. In this study, we give a description on recent advances regarding the molecular and cellular events that regulate steady-state and emergency granulopoiesis, which are crucial processes for the generation of protective innate immune responses. Particular attention will be given to emergency granulopoiesis alterations in immunosuppression states caused by malnutrition and chemotherapy. The role of microbiota in maintaining a steady-state granulopoiesis and the immunological mechanisms involved are also discussed. Moreover, we describe the findings of our laboratory demonstrating that the dietary supplementation with immunobiotics is an interesting alternative to improve steady-state and emergency granulopoiesis, the respiratory innate immune response, and the resistance against respiratory pathogens in immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Salva
- Immunobiotechnology Laboratory, CERELA-CONICET, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Immunobiotechnology Laboratory, CERELA-CONICET, Tucuman, Argentina.,Applied Biochemistry Institute, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucuman, Argentina
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Gonçalves SM, Lagrou K, Duarte-Oliveira C, Maertens JA, Cunha C, Carvalho A. The microbiome-metabolome crosstalk in the pathogenesis of respiratory fungal diseases. Virulence 2016; 8:673-684. [PMID: 27820674 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1257458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi of the genus Aspergillus are responsible for several superficial and invasive infections and allergic syndromes. The risk of infection and its clinical outcome vary significantly even among patients with similar predisposing clinical factors and pathogen exposure. There is increasing evidence that the individual microbiome supervises the outcome of the host-fungus interaction by influencing mechanisms of immune regulation, inflammation, metabolism, and other physiological processes. Microbiome-mediated mechanisms of resistance allow therefore the control of fungal colonization, preventing the onset of overt disease, particularly in patients with underlying immune dysfunction. Here, we review this emerging area of research and discuss the contribution of the microbiota (and its dysbiosis), including its immunoregulatory properties and relationship with the metabolic activity of commensals, to respiratory fungal diseases. Finally, we highlight possible strategies aimed at decoding the microbiome-metabolome dialog and at its exploitation toward personalized medical interventions in patients at high risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Gonçalves
- a Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,b ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,d Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Medical Mycology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Cláudio Duarte-Oliveira
- a Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,b ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Johan A Maertens
- e Department of Hematology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Cristina Cunha
- a Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,b ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- a Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,b ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães , Portugal
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Abstract
The health of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems is inextricably linked to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Physiologically speaking, a balance between the vasodeleterious (Angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE]/Angiotensin II [Ang II]/Ang II type 1 receptor [AT1R]) and vasoprotective (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2]/Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor [MasR]) components of the RAS is critical for cardiopulmonary homeostasis. Upregulation of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis shifts the system toward vasoconstriction, proliferation, hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis, all factors that contribute to the development and progression of cardiopulmonary diseases. Conversely, stimulation of the vasoprotective ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis produces a counter-regulatory response that promotes cardiovascular health. Current research is investigating novel strategies to augment actions of the vasoprotective RAS components, particularly ACE2, in order to treat various pathologies. Although multiple approaches to increase the activity of ACE2 have displayed beneficial effects against experimental disease models, the mechanisms behind its protective actions remain incompletely understood. Recent work demonstrating a non-catalytic role for ACE2 in amino acid transport in the gut has led us to speculate that the therapeutic effects of ACE2 can be mediated, in part, by its actions on the gastrointestinal tract and/or gut microbiome. This is consistent with emerging data which suggest that dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiomes is associated with cardiopulmonary disease. This review highlights new developments in the protective actions of ACE2 against cardiopulmonary disorders, discusses innovative approaches to targeting ACE2 for therapy, and explores an evolving role for gut and lung microbiota in cardiopulmonary health.
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Smith TDH, Watt H, Gunn L, Car J, Boyle RJ. Recommending Oral Probiotics to Reduce Winter Antibiotic Prescriptions in People With Asthma: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Fam Med 2016; 14:422-30. [PMID: 27621158 PMCID: PMC5394362 DOI: 10.1370/afm.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence from studies mainly in children has shown that orally administered probiotics may prevent respiratory tract infections and associated antibiotic use. We evaluated whether advice to take daily probiotics can reduce antibiotic prescribing for winter respiratory tract infections in people with asthma. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled, parallel-group pragmatic study for participants aged 5 years and older with asthma in a UK primary care setting. The intervention was a postal leaflet with advice to take daily probiotics from October 2013 to March 2014, compared with a standard winter advice leaflet. Primary outcome was the proportion of participants prescribed antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. RESULTS There were 1,302 participants randomly assigned to a control group (n = 650) or intervention group (n = 652). There was no significant difference in the primary outcome measure, with 27.7% receiving antibiotics in the intervention group and 26.9% receiving antibiotics in the control group (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82-1.34). Uptake of probiotics was low, but outcomes were similar in those who accessed probiotics (adjusted odds ratio = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.69-1.69, compared with controls). We also found no evidence of an effect on respiratory tract infections or asthma exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS In this pragmatic community-based trial in people with asthma, we found no evidence that advising use of winter probiotics reduces antibiotic prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D H Smith
- Harambee Surgery, NHS East Lancashire CCG, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Watt
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Gunn
- Integrative Health Science, Stetson University, DeLand, Florida
| | - Josip Car
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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The size and shape of three water-soluble, non-ionic polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: A comparative study. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 142:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The respiratory tract, once believed to be sterile, harbors diverse bacterial communities. The role of microorganisms within health and disease is slowly being unraveled. Evidence points to the neonatal period as a critical time for establishing stable bacterial communities and influencing immune responses important for long-term respiratory health. This review summarizes the evidence of early airway and lung bacterial colonization and the role the microbiome has on respiratory health in the short and long term. The challenges of neonatal respiratory microbiome studies and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gallacher
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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Ogunremi OR, Sanni AI, Agrawal R. Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of functional cereal-mix produced with probiotic yeast in rats fed high cholesterol diet. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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42
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Jaimee G, Halami PM. High level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus species from farm animals and commercial meat products. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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43
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Ng SY, Koon SS, Padam BS, Chye FY. Evaluation of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Malaysian fermentedBambangan(Mangifera pajang). CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2015.1020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mahasneh A, Abbas M. Probiotics: The possible alternative to disease chemotherapy. Microb Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17587-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Salva S, Marranzino G, Villena J, Agüero G, Alvarez S. Probiotic Lactobacillus strains protect against myelosuppression and immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:209-21. [PMID: 24975836 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the capacity of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus casei CRL431 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1506, to protect against myelosuppression and immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice. Changes in mature granulocytes and progenitor cells in bone marrow (BM) and blood were studied. In addition, the ability of probiotics to accelerate the recovery of the immune response against the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans was evaluated. We demonstrated for the first time that the preventive treatment with immunomodulatory lactobacilli such as L. casei CRL431 or L. rhamnosus CRL1506 was able to increase immature myeloid progenitors in the BM, allowing an early recovery of myeloid cells after Cy administration. Probiotic lactobacilli were also capable to induce an early recovery of neutrophils in blood, improve phagocytic cells recruitment to infectious sites and increase the resistance against the opportunistic pathogen C. albicans. Although deeper studies regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of probiotic actions are needed, these findings support the idea that strains like CRL431 and CRL1506 may accelerate the recovery of Cy-caused immunosuppression by immunopotentiating myeloid cells. Then, probiotic lactobacilli have the potential to be used as alternatives for lessening chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Salva
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Marranzino
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Julio Villena
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Graciela Agüero
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Applied Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Tucuman University, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina; Applied Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Tucuman University, Tucuman, Argentina.
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Dunne EM, Toh ZQ, John M, Manning J, Satzke C, Licciardi P. Investigating the effects of probiotics on pneumococcal colonization using an in vitro adherence assay. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24797941 DOI: 10.3791/51069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) to the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx can result in colonization and is considered a prerequisite for pneumococcal infections such as pneumonia and otitis media. In vitro adherence assays can be used to study the attachment of pneumococci to epithelial cell monolayers and to investigate potential interventions, such as the use of probiotics, to inhibit pneumococcal colonization. The protocol described here is used to investigate the effects of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius on the adherence of pneumococci to the human epithelial cell line CCL-23 (sometimes referred to as HEp-2 cells). The assay involves three main steps: 1) preparation of epithelial and bacterial cells, 2) addition of bacteria to epithelial cell monolayers, and 3) detection of adherent pneumococci by viable counts (serial dilution and plating) or quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). This technique is relatively straightforward and does not require specialized equipment other than a tissue culture setup. The assay can be used to test other probiotic species and/or potential inhibitors of pneumococcal colonization and can be easily modified to address other scientific questions regarding pneumococcal adherence and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Dunne
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;
| | - Zheng Q Toh
- Allergy & Immune Disorders, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
| | - Mary John
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne
| | - Jayne Manning
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Department of Microbiology & Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Department of Microbiology & Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne
| | - Paul Licciardi
- Allergy & Immune Disorders, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Lehtoranta L, Kalima K, He L, Lappalainen M, Roivainen M, Närkiö M, Mäkelä M, Siitonen S, Korpela R, Pitkäranta A. Specific probiotics and virological findings in symptomatic conscripts attending military service in Finland. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:276-81. [PMID: 24793963 PMCID: PMC7185430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Viral upper respiratory tract infections occur frequently among conscripts. Probiotics have reduced viral infections in children attending day care. Limited data are available on the effects of probiotics on the nasopharyngeal presence of respiratory viruses. Objectives To assess, whether probiotics could decrease nasopharyngeal occurrence of respiratory viruses in Finnish conscripts. Study design In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 90- and 150-day intervention study, 239 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 192 symptomatic conscripts receiving daily chewable probiotic tablet containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 (46.9%) or control tablet (53.1%) on visits to a garrison's health care center due to symptoms of infection. The presence of respiratory viruses was tested by PCR-methods, and viral findings were compared between the intervention groups. Results 184 (76.9%) nasopharyngeal samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus. Picornaviruses were the most common viruses and were detected in 155 (84.2%) of samples. Of these, 143 (92.3%) were rhinovirus-positive and 20 (12.9%) were enterovirus-positive. The control group had 83 (64%) and the probiotic group 72 (66%) picornavirus infections (p = 0.79). Monthly distribution of picornaviruses showed that there were less picornavirus findings after 3 months in the probiotic group than in the control group (p = 0.0069). However, probiotics did not reduce picornavirus occurrence in other months. Conclusions Overall, probiotics did not reduce viral occurrence in symptomatic conscripts. However, probiotics decreased the presence of picornaviruses after 3 months, which may imply that probiotics play a role against viruses causing common cold. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the mechanisms involved in order to target specific probiotics on specific respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Lehtoranta
- Centre for Military Medicine, Research and Development Department, Finnish Defense Forces, FI-00301 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kim Kalima
- Centre for Military Medicine, Research and Development Department, Finnish Defense Forces, FI-00301 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liang He
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lappalainen
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), PO Box 400, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Roivainen
- Intestinal Viruses Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mika Mäkelä
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Siitonen
- Centre for Military Medicine, Research and Development Department, Finnish Defense Forces, FI-00301 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Pitkäranta
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
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Legand A, Briand S, Shindo N, Brooks WA, de Jong MD, Farrar J, Aguilera X, Hayden FG. Addressing the public health burden of respiratory viruses: the Battle against Respiratory Viruses (BRaVe) Initiative. Future Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Given the enormous estimated burden of respiratory virus infections worldwide, a substantial number of research priorities exist in order to better understand their epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and clinical management across different populations and resource settings. New therapeutics and specific vaccines for noninfluenza respiratory virus infections could provide enormous benefits in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with these frequent infections and provide the foundation for responding to newly emerging threats. The BRaVe Initiative is a new WHO-led effort to catalyze multidisciplinary research on strategies to prevent and treat medically important respiratory virus infections with the goal of timely integration of scientific advances and technical innovations into public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Legand
- WHO, Pandemic & Epidemic Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Briand
- WHO, Pandemic & Epidemic Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikki Shindo
- WHO, Pandemic & Epidemic Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Abdullah Brooks
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Menno D de Jong
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust MOP, Hospital for Tropical Diseases Vietnam, SEAICRN & ISARIC, Vietnam
| | - Ximena Aguilera
- Centre of Epidemiology & Public Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile
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Alexandre Y, Le Blay G, Boisramé-Gastrin S, Le Gall F, Héry-Arnaud G, Gouriou S, Vallet S, Le Berre R. Probiotics: a new way to fight bacterial pulmonary infections? Med Mal Infect 2013; 44:9-17. [PMID: 23820129 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics, of which Fleming has identified the first representative, penicillin, in 1928, allowed dramatical improvement of the treatment of patients presenting with infectious diseases. However, once an antibiotic is used, resistance may develop more or less rapidly in some bacteria. It is thus necessary to develop therapeutic alternatives, such as the use of probiotics, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "micro-organisms which, administered live and in adequate amounts, confer a benefit to the health of the host". The scope of these micro-organisms is broad, concerning many areas including that of infectious diseases, especially respiratory infections. We describe the rational use of probiotics in respiratory tract infections and detail the results of various clinical studies describing the use of probiotics in the management of respiratory infections such as nosocomial or community acquired pneumonia, or on specific grounds such as cystic fibrosis. The results are sometimes contradictory, but the therapeutic potential of probiotics seems promising. Implementing research to understand their mechanisms of action is critical to conduct therapeutic tests based on a specific rational for the strains to be used, the dose, as well as the chosen mode and rhythm of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Alexandre
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - G Le Blay
- Laboratoire de microbiologie des environnements extrêmes, technopole Brest-Iroise, UMR 6197, université européenne de Bretagne, institut universitaire européen de la mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - S Boisramé-Gastrin
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - F Le Gall
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Unité de bactériologie-virologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France
| | - G Héry-Arnaud
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Unité de bactériologie-virologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France
| | - S Gouriou
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - S Vallet
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Unité de bactériologie-virologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France
| | - R Le Berre
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Département de médecine interne et pneumologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France.
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