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Mohammadi Gonbaki Z, Mirzaie Taklimi M, Taheri-Ezbarami Z, Kazemnejad Leili E, Abadgar Chahardeh M. The quality of nursing care from the perspective of hospitalized school-age children. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:e283-e289. [PMID: 38679507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hospitalized children's satisfaction with the care they receive is the main indicator for evaluating the way nurses should provide services and the quality of these services. The current study aimed to examine school-aged children's perceptions of nursing care quality. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 144 children aged 7-11 years were selected through a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool included The Child Care Quality at Hospital Questionnaire, and the personal- and family-related and disease-related factors questionnaire. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression test were used for data analysis. RESULTS Based on the findings, the highest score of nursing care quality was related to characteristics domain (13 ± 1.7). In addition, the children's age, father's education and history of hospitalization were related to nurses' characteristics domain; mother's education and length of hospital stay were related to nursing activities domain; and mother's education, father's occupation and length of hospital stay were related to nursing environment domain. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that children's nurses can provide better quality care to children by paying attention to nurses' characteristics and then the scope of activities and care environment. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Considering the factors affecting the nursing care quality, a conscious step should also be taken for strategic planning of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi Gonbaki
- MSc of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery-Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Mirzaie Taklimi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery-Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Zahra Taheri-Ezbarami
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery-Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Kazemnejad Leili
- Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery-Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Abadgar Chahardeh
- MSc of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery-Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Petronio-DeFanti BJ, Schwartz-Barcott D. The impact of approachable nurses: An exploratory study, the voice of hospitalized children with cancer. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 75:e128-e134. [PMID: 38233320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The right of children to be heard was acclaimed at the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, with subsequent research conducted in various settings, but with few in hospitals. This study explores the perceptions of children hospitalized with cancer and the impact of approachable nurses. DESIGN & METHODS The impact of approachable nurses was explored using a qualitative, descriptive research design, including semi-structured interviews with seven school age children in a pediatric oncology service. Audio recorded interviews were content analyzed using immersion/crystallization and editing organizational styles. RESULTS Children felt a sense of genuine concern when the nurses took time to talk and listen to them and the positive impact of fun and laughter in the midst of difficult and challenging circumstances. They had a lasting feeling of gratitude for creative ways nurses cared for them. Individualized attire created an immediate openness and avenue to conversation. Children were less worried about a rehospitalization because approachable nurses made them feel at home while in the hospital. IMPLICATIONS Nursing administration and managers are urged to provide training and regularly evaluate communication competencies. Nurses need to be accountable for the impact of their presence and actions on children both inpatient and following hospitalization. The need to promote an environment of comfort and trust supports positive impact for present and future hospitalization experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Petronio-DeFanti
- Zvart Onanian School of Nursing, Rhode Island College, Fogarty Life Science, Room 160, 600 Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, RINEC - Room 284, 350 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Donna Schwartz-Barcott
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, White Hall, 39 Butterfield Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Barratt M, Bail K, Lewis P, Paterson C. Nurse experiences of partnership nursing when caring for children with long-term conditions and their families: A qualitative systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:932-950. [PMID: 37953488 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the experiences of partnership nursing among nurses when caring for children and young people with long-term conditions, and their families. BACKGROUND Partnership nursing is promoted as a positive model of care among paediatric nurses, where shared roles and decision-making, parental participation, mutual trust and respect, communication and negotiation are valued to create positive care experiences and enhance patient outcomes. Little is known about how nurses use partnership with both the patient and the parents in this triad to deliver partnership nursing. DESIGN A qualitative systematic review followed Joanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregation approach and has been reported according to PRISMA guidelines. METHODS A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in seven electronic databases. Studies were assessed according to a pre-determined inclusion criteria. Qualitative findings with illustrative participant quotes were extracted from included studies and grouped into categories to inform overall synthesised findings. Methodological quality assessment was conducted. FINDINGS A total of 5837 publications were screened, and 41 qualitative studies were included. Three overarching synthesised findings were identified: (1) Using education to promote feelings of safety and support, (2) Partnering to develop a strong therapeutic relationship and (3) Optimising communication underpinned by shared decision-making principles to deliver individualised care. CONCLUSION Nurses demonstrated successful partnership in their practice, but focused on developing dyadic nurse-parent and dyadic nurse-child partnerships. Future practice development that creates a three-way triadic partnership may aid therapeutic relationships and shared decision-making. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Clinicians can reflect on how dyadic partnerships (focusing on the child or the parent) may exclude opportunities for coherent care. Further exploration in practice, policy and research as to how nurses determine child competency and child and parent level of engagement in triadic partnership may improve the potential of meaningful shared decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macey Barratt
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kasia Bail
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- SYNERGY Nursing & Midwifery Research Centre, ACT Health Directorate and University of Canberra Level 3, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Peter Lewis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Paterson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- SYNERGY Nursing & Midwifery Research Centre, ACT Health Directorate and University of Canberra Level 3, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercises and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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De Rosa R, Siano MA, Colucci A, De Anseris AGE, Siani P, Vajro P, Savarese G, Mandato C. Perceptions and Expectations of Youth Regarding the Respect for Their Rights in the Hospital. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:222. [PMID: 38397334 PMCID: PMC10887615 DOI: 10.3390/children11020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Information obtained from children themselves regarding the characteristics of the ideal hospital that ensure well-being during a hospital stay is scarce. Here, we report the opinions, perceptions, and expectations of 700 children and adolescents about their experiences, assessed through a mixed-method research approach with age-appropriate questionnaires, three open-ended questions, and an analysis of optional pictorial and textual narratives. Most children indicated that, while they acknowledged the expertise of hospital staff, they also noted several shortcomings, e.g., insufficiently understandable medical information as well as emotional and cognitive support. The continuity of schooling and the right to suffer as little as possible were also critical issues. Adolescents valued in particular the quality of care and services provided, the hospital's adherence to equality and non-discrimination rights, and protection systems but negatively perceived several aspects related to play and participation. Significant differences in the co-occurrences of the most frequently used text terms with the keywords "hospital" and "child/adolescent" between age groups highlight variations in the way patients perceive and articulate their experiences within the hospital setting depending on the cognitive processes linked to age. In drawings, prevailing attention was placed on the physical context of the hospital room, with figures expressing mostly negative emotions. Specifically, in this regard, the main emotion in children was sadness, and, in adolescents, it was fear. Overall, these insights are pivotal in the context of our research objectives as they shed light on the nuanced preferences, needs, and perspectives of children and adolescents during their hospital stays. Recognizing the identified shortcomings, we propose recommendations emphasizing the improvement of medical communication clarity, enhancement of emotional and cognitive support, and the improvement of programs to avoid instructional gaps during hospital stays. Addressing these specific needs is critical for a more comprehensive approach to pediatric healthcare provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.D.R.); (M.A.S.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Maria Anna Siano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.D.R.); (M.A.S.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.D.R.); (M.A.S.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | | | - Paolo Siani
- Pediatrics, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.D.R.); (M.A.S.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Giulia Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Psychology Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.D.R.); (M.A.S.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
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Chou AK, Liao CH, Chen DR. Measuring adolescent health literacy in Taiwan: validation of the health literacy assessment scale for adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2409. [PMID: 38049759 PMCID: PMC10696858 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Adolescents (HAS-A) and conduct a comparative analysis of adolescent health literacy between Taiwan and other countries. METHODS The Chinese version of the HAS-A was completed by 2,312 adolescents in the fifth and sixth grades of a primary school. Psychometric properties were examined using consistent internal reliability and confirmatory factor analysis. These assessments were compared with the results from different regions to explore health literacy inequality. RESULTS Construct validity was good, and internal consistency was acceptable. The scale, particularly regarding communication health literacy, was associated with parents' socioeconomic status, and family income had a more significant impact on children's health literacy than community income. Health literacy disparities appear in different countries, with Taiwan exhibiting the lowest level of communication health literacy. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the HAS-A is a valuable tool for assessing the health literacy of 10-11-year-old adolescents and can uncover health literacy inequality among different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Kuo Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 30059, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 10055, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 30059, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Duan-Rung Chen
- Population Health Research Center, National Taiwan University, 10055, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Rd., Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.
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Nilsson ML, Engvall G, Enskär K, Edner A, Funkquist EL. Children's interaction with a dog when having Animal Assisted Activity in paediatric hospital care. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101807. [PMID: 37918336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction process between child and dog and how it possibly affects children's wellbeing during Animal Assisted Activity. Children have reported negative feelings such as fear and anxiety when being cared for in hospital and various kinds of complementary treatment can alleviate this. Different complementary treatments, including interaction with a dog, can create positive emotions and the treatment has been reported to have both physiological and psychological beneficial effects. However, there is a lack of studies describing children's interaction with a dog. This is an observational study, analysed from field notes with qualitative content analysis using a deductive approach. Children (n = 49) aged 3-18 years of age at a paediatric hospital voluntarily participated in the study. The results are reported on a six-level scale that describes the child-dog interaction: 1. Passive interaction, 2. One-way non-spoken communication, 3. Facilitating the interaction, 4. Interaction by activity encouragement, 5. Interaction initiated by the child, and 6. Interaction through deepened interplay. All children attained level five. Eighty-nine per cent attained level six and these children interacted fully, having a two-way deepened interplay with the dog. Further, when the interaction proceeded to a deepened interplay this affected the children positively both physically and emotionally. Structured Animal Assisted Activity with a dog that includes an introduction, an active part and a relaxing part is a suitable model to offer children in paediatric hospital care since the children attained a child-initiated interaction or interaction through deepened interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunn Engvall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Enskär
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Edner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lotta Funkquist
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Taub S, Macauley R. Responding to Parental Requests for Nondisclosure to Patients of Diagnostic and Prognostic Information in the Setting of Serious Disease. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023063754. [PMID: 37743818 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning that one's child is seriously ill can be devastating, requiring families to decide when and how to share information about diagnosis and prognosis with their child. In most cases, this disclosure is made thoughtfully and collaboratively with the medical team. Some parents, however, may be concerned that disclosure will take away their child's hope, cause emotional pain, or exceed the child's capacity for understanding. Faced with competing obligations of truth-telling to their patient and respect for parental wishes, pediatricians may be unsure how to proceed. This clinical report examines ethical duties and legal considerations, providing practical and culturally sensitive case-based guidance for clinicians to approach parental requests for nondisclosure of diagnostic or prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Taub
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert Macauley
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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8
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Clarke S. Exploring the voices of children and children's nurses in hospital: implications for nursing practice. Nurs Child Young People 2023; 35:22-27. [PMID: 36872884 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2023.e1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Children should have a voice in relation to all aspects of healthcare as respected and credible service users, a belief endorsed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The children's nurse is the healthcare professional who delivers care most frequently to children in hospital and their families, so is in an optimal position to offer valuable insight into children's experiences of being in hospital. Therefore, it is important to listen to the voices of children and children's nurses in relation to this area. This article is informed by a narrative literature review and study, undertaken by the author as part of her doctoral thesis, which explored children's experiences of staying overnight in hospital from the perspective of children and children's nurses. In this article, the author summarises the main findings from the study and considers the implications for children's nursing practice based on her reflection on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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9
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van Woerden CS, Vroman H, Brand PLP. Child participation in triadic medical consultations: A scoping review and summary of promotive interventions. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 113:107749. [PMID: 37126992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To promote patient centered care, children with health issues should be supported to participate in consultations with health care professionals. We aimed to summarize, in a scoping review, the evidence on child participation in triadic encounters and its promotive interventions. METHODS Two researchers systematically searched four major databases, and included studies on child participation in medical consultations. A synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data was made. RESULTS Of 1678 retrieved records, 39 papers were included: 22 quantitative, 14 qualitative and 3 mixed-methods studies. Child participation, measured by utterances, turns or speech time, ranged between 4% and 14%. Participation increased with age. Equidistant seating arrangements, child-directed gaze and finding the appropriate tone of voice by the physician promoted child participation. Despite all facilitative efforts of doctors and parents, such as social talk, eHealth tools or consultation education, no increase in child participation was observed over the last 50 years. CONCLUSIONS Children continue to participate only marginally in medical consultations, despite their desire to be involved in various aspects of the clinical encounter and their right to have their voice heard. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health care professionals should provide more opportunities for children to participate in triadic medical encounters and create an inclusive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Science, Bravis Hospital, Bergen op Zoom, the Netherlands
| | - Paul L P Brand
- Isala Academy, Department of Medical Education and Faculty Development, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands; UMCG Postgraduate School of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Høeg BL, Sevillano PB, Enesco I, Wakefield CE, Larsen HB, Bidstrup PE. Child-centered communication interventions in pediatric oncology: A scoping review and proposed new communication model. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023:e30533. [PMID: 37401446 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Child-centered communication in pediatric oncology can be challenging. We aimed to review communication interventions with children about cancer treatment and prognosis to identify potentially effective child-centered communication models and approaches. We updated a previous review on communication interventions in oncology and searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsychINFO for studies indexed between October 2019 up to October 2022. We further searched for ongoing studies on ClinicalTrials.gov. Communication interventions targeting pediatric oncology patients (below 18 years), with outcomes of communication, psychological symptoms or satisfaction in the target population were eligible. We identified 685 titles/abstracts, screened the full text of 34 studies and included only one published study and two ongoing studies. The published study tested a communication tool to help clinicians inform adolescents about treatment options and facilitate shared decision-making. No communication models were identified. We drew on knowledge from existing studies and guidelines to develop a new child-centered communication model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Lim Høeg
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula Barrios Sevillano
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Ileana Enesco
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hanne Baekgaard Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Envold Bidstrup
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Goldsand M, Lai K, Davidge K, Ho ES. Elucidating children's understanding of brachial plexus birth injury. J Child Health Care 2023:13674935231183743. [PMID: 37377017 DOI: 10.1177/13674935231183743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Facilitating children's understanding of their medical condition can improve health outcomes and psychosocial well-being. To inform how medical information is delivered, an interpretive qualitative approach was used to explore children's understanding of their brachial plexus birth injury. In-depth interviews of children with brachial plexus birth injuries (n = 8) and their caregivers (n = 10) were conducted individually and as a child-caregiver dyad. Thematic analysis of interview data found that children primarily understood their injury through lived experiences of functional and psychosocial concerns related to movement and appearance of the affected limb, rather than medical information. Children's ability to learn about diagnostic and prognostic information was influenced by age, emotional readiness, and background knowledge. In receiving information about their medical condition, children needed greater support in understanding their prognosis and its implications on their future. These narratives indicate the importance of addressing the primary functional and psychosocial concerns to contextualize medical information and ascertain the emotional readiness of children with brachial plexus birth injuries in information delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Goldsand
- Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Lai
- Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen Davidge
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily S Ho
- Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vanderhout S, Potter BK, Smith M, Butcher NJ, Vaters J, Chakraborty P, Adams J, Inbar-Feigenberg M, Offringa M, Speechley K, Trakadis Y, Binik A. Ethical and practical considerations related to data sharing when collecting patient-reported outcomes in care-based child health research. Qual Life Res 2023:10.1007/s11136-023-03393-2. [PMID: 37002464 PMCID: PMC10329050 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The collection and use of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in care-based child health research raises challenging ethical and logistical questions. This paper offers an analysis of two questions related to PROs in child health research: (1) Is it ethically obligatory, desirable or preferable to share PRO data collected for research with children, families, and health care providers? And if so, (2) What are the characteristics of a model best suited to guide the collection, monitoring, and sharing of these data?
Methods
A multidisciplinary team of researchers, providers, patient and family partners, and ethicists examined the literature and identified a need for focus on PRO sharing in pediatric care-based research. We constructed and analyzed three models for managing pediatric PRO data in care-based research, drawing on ethical principles, logistics, and opportunities to engage with children and families.
Results
We argue that it is preferable to share pediatric PRO data with providers, but to manage expectations and balance the risks and benefits of research, this requires a justifiable data sharing model. We argue that a successful PRO data sharing model will allow children and families to have access to and control over their own PRO data and be engaged in decision-making around how PROs collected for research may be integrated into care, but require support from providers.
Conclusion
We propose a PRO data sharing model that can be used across diverse research settings and contributes to improved transparency, communication, and patient-centered care and research.
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Chien WT, Lau CT. Traumatised Children's Perspectives on Their Lived Experience: A Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020170. [PMID: 36829399 PMCID: PMC9952495 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Most children have exposure of traumatic events during their life, such as natural disasters, accidents, and abuses. A review of traumatised children's perspective on traumatic events plays an important role in enhancing our understanding and promoting appropriate tailor-made intervention and support to these children. Methods: Four main health-related electronic databases were searched for all English full-text qualitative research articles over the past 11 years to uncover the recent best available perspective/evidence from traumatised children. The PRISMA checklist was adopted to guide the review process. Results: Five themes about children's experiences and perspectives towards the traumatic events encountered were summarised and integrated from 19 qualitative studies identified. They included daily life problems related to trauma, negative responses to trauma, perceived health needs, coping strategies related to trauma and stress, and growth from traumatic experience. Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence about responses/impacts and perceived health needs of traumatised children and informs the direction caregivers' training can take, helping these children by early identification and timely intervention. More research is needed to examine/compare traumatised children's responses and coping between diverse traumatic experiences, time from exposure, and the sociodemographic characteristics of these children.
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Castro MC, Ramos I, Carvalho IP. The Influence of Patient-Centered Communication on Children's Anxiety and Use of Anesthesia for MR. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:414. [PMID: 36612736 PMCID: PMC9819401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to inspect the influence of patient-centered communication (PCC) with 4- to 10-year-old children on the use of anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging exams (MRs). Methods: A total of thirty children received the PCC and pre-simulated the exam with an MR toy. Another 30 children received routine information about the MR and pre-simulated the exam with the toy. Anesthesia use in these two groups was additionally compared with a previously existing group of children (n = 30) who had received only routine information about the exam (CG). Children’s anxiety was assessed with a self-report question plus heartbeat frequency. Children’s satisfaction was assessed through several questions. The analyses were based on group comparisons and regression. Results: A total of two children (7%) in the PCC + simulation group used sedation compared with 14 (47%) in the simulation group and 21 (70%) in the CG. Differences between the PCC + simulation and the other two groups were significant (p < 0.001), although not between the simulation and the CG. The decrease in anxiety was significantly greater (self-reported p < 0.001; heart rate p < 0.05) and satisfaction was higher (p = 0.001) in the PCC + simulation, when compared with the simulation group. Reduced anxiety was associated with less anesthesia use (OR 1.39; CI 1.07−1.79; p = 0.013). Conclusions: PCC + simulation was more effective than simulation and routine practice in decreasing children’s anxiety, increasing satisfaction, and reducing the use of anesthesia for MRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Conceição Castro
- Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João–Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto-Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Palmares Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto-Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto-Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Davies C, Waters D, Fraser JA. Implementing Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in health care: a scoping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhrh-07-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a scoping review on the implementation of Article12 in health care. The scoping review will provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) states that children have a right to express their views, to have them heard and for their views to be given due weight in all matters that affect them. Despite increased calls for Article 12 to be given attention in health care, there is little evidence to suggest this has been well implemented and embedded in Australian health-care delivery. The scoping review was undertaken to provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally.
Design/methodology/approach
A five-step methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was used to undertake the scoping review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used as a guideline for undertaking the study selection.
Findings
Children are still not routinely involved in health-care decision-making, are frequently left out of service planning and evaluation and the perception that they lack the capability to make rational decisions persists.
Originality/value
While there has been a focus on research that investigates children’s participation in health-care decision-making in recent years, there is little that directs attention specifically to the implementation of Article 12, particularly in Australian health care. Recommendations are made for further research in these areas.
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16
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Fremont ER, Friedrich EA, Feudtner C, Grimberg A, Miller VA. Perceptions of Youth and Parent Decision-Making Roles Regarding Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment. ENDOCRINES 2022; 3:590-600. [PMID: 37152718 PMCID: PMC10162591 DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is prescribed to youth with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) to support normal growth and ensure healthy physical development, and to youth without GHD to address height concerns. Perceptions of youth involvement in rhGH treatment decisions have not been explored. This study aimed to examine perceptions of youth and parent roles in decisions around rhGH treatment. Youth (n = 22, 11.5 ± 2.0 years) who had undergone evaluation for short stature and their parents (n = 22) participated in semi-structured interviews after stimulation test results had been received. Interviews revealed the following themes: 1) parent provided youth with support; 2) parent facilitated youth's decision-making involvement; 3) youth had no role or did not remember their role; and 4) youth did not remember conversations with their parents or providers. Parents facilitated their children's involvement by sharing information and seeking their opinions. Whereas some participants described youth as having a substantial decision-making role, not all youth felt they were involved, and some youth could not recall conversations about rhGH. Parents can bolster youth involvement by having conversations using developmentally appropriate language, which is critical to youth feeling empowered and developing efficacy over their own care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettya R. Fremont
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | | | - Chris Feudtner
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Victoria A. Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Navein A, McTaggart J, Hodgson X, Shaw J, Hargreaves D, Gonzalez-Viana E, Mehmeti A. Effective healthcare communication with children and young people: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:1111-1116. [PMID: 36008089 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify children and young people's preferences for effective healthcare communication. DESIGN A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted to identify evidence from children and young people on effective healthcare communication. Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched to July 2020. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included. Five major themes were identified: medical information (timing, amount, coordination and futures), person not patient (creating relationships, time, nurse involvement, sensitivity), type of communication (creative and interactive, behavioural, talking and listening, written communication), consultations (first impressions, with and without parents, actively promoting involvement, open and honest, age appropriate) and communication with parents (using parental knowledge, support). CONCLUSIONS Research in this area remains sparse and consistent implementation is debateable. Children and young people articulate a preference for two-way healthcare communication. General principles for effective communication are identified as well as the need to avoid making assumptions and to tailor approaches to individuals. Establishing and maintaining relationships is essential and requires time and resources. Parents and carers have a positive role in healthcare communication which needs to be balanced with the needs and rights of children. All these factors also apply to children with communication difficulties or from marginalised groups, but additional extra support may be required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019145539.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Navein
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - James McTaggart
- Highland Council, Inverness, UK .,School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Joanna Shaw
- London Ambulance Service NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Dougal Hargreaves
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Viana
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,National Guideline Alliance, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - Agnesa Mehmeti
- National Guideline Alliance, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
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18
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Kerklaan J, Hanson CS, Carter S, Tong A, Sinha A, Dart A, Eddy AA, Guha C, Gipson DS, Bockenhauer D, Hannan E, Yap HK, Groothoff J, Zappitelli M, Amir N, Alexander SI, Furth SL, Samuel S, Gutman T, Craig JC. Perspectives of Clinicians on Shared Decision Making in Pediatric CKD: A Qualitative Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 80:241-250. [PMID: 35085686 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Clinical decision-making priorities may differ among children, their parents, and their clinicians. This study describes clinicians' perspectives on shared decision making in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identifies opportunities to improve shared decision making and care for children with CKD and their families. STUDY DESIGN Semistructured interviews. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Fifty clinicians participated, including pediatric nephrologists, nurses, social workers, surgeons, dietitians, and psychologists involved in providing care to children with CKD. They worked at 18 hospitals and 4 university research departments across 11 countries (United States of America, Canada, Australia, People's Republic of China, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Lithuania, New Zealand, and Singapore). ANALYTICAL APPROACH Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. RESULTS We identified 4 themes: (1) striving to blend priorities (minimizing treatment burden, emphasizing clinical long-term risks, achieving common goals), (2) focusing on medical responsibilities (carrying decisional burden and pressure of expectations, working within system constraints, ensuring safety is foremost concern), (3) collaborating to achieve better long-term outcomes (individualizing care, creating partnerships, encouraging ownership and participation in shared decision making, sensitive to parental distress), and (4) forming cumulative knowledge (balancing reassurance and realistic expectations, building understanding around treatment, harnessing motivation for long-term goals). LIMITATIONS Most clinicians were from high-income countries, so the transferability of the findings to other settings is uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians reported striving to minimize treatment burden and working with children and their families to manage their expectations and support their decision making. However, they are challenged with system constraints and sometimes felt the pressure of being responsible for the child's long-term outcomes. Further studies are needed to test whether support for shared decision making would promote strategies to establish and improve the quality of care for children with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn Kerklaan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Camilla S Hanson
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon Carter
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Allison Dart
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Allison A Eddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chandana Guha
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Renal Medicine University College London, and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elyssa Hannan
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui-Kim Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaap Groothoff
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Zappitelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noa Amir
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Samuel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Talia Gutman
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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19
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Wang YW, Carnevale FA, Ezcurra M, Chougui K, Bilodeau C, Siedlikowski S, Tsimicalis A. The moral experiences of children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nurs Ethics 2022; 29:1773-1791. [PMID: 35801828 DOI: 10.1177/09697330221105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious ethical problems have been anecdotally identified in the care of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which may negatively impact their moral experiences, defined as their sense of fulfillment towards personal values and beliefs. RESEARCH AIMS To explore children's actual and desired participation in discussions, decisions, and actions in an OI hospital setting and their community using art-making to facilitate their self-expression. RESEARCH DESIGN A focused ethnography was conducted using the moral experiences framework with data from key informant interviews; participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and practice-based research (art-making) with 10 children with OI; and local documents. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT The study was conducted at a pediatric, orthopedic hospital. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS This study was approved by McGill University Institutional Review Board. FINDINGS/RESULTS Children expressed desires to participate in their care, but sometimes lacked the necessary resources and encouragement from healthcare providers. Art-making facilitated children's voice and participation in health-related discussions. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers are recommended to consider the benefits of art-making and educational resources to reduce discrepancies between children's actual and desired participation in care and promote positive moral experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen Wang
- 5620McGill University, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospital for Children®-Canada, Canada
| | - Franco A Carnevale
- 5620McGill University, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospital for Children®-Canada, Canada
| | - Maria Ezcurra
- 5620McGill University, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospital for Children®-Canada, Canada
| | | | | | - Sophia Siedlikowski
- 5620McGill University, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospital for Children®-Canada, Canada
| | - Argerie Tsimicalis
- 5620McGill University, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospital for Children®-Canada, Canada
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20
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Neyra Marklund I, Rullander AC, Lindberg K, Ringnér A. Initial Education for Families with Children Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes: Consensus from Experts in a Delphi Study. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2022.2033351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Neyra Marklund
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Clara Rullander
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karolina Lindberg
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Ringnér
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Sisk BA, Keenan M, Schulz GL, Kaye E, Baker JN, Mack JW, DuBois JM. Interdependent functions of communication with adolescents and young adults in oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29588. [PMID: 35092342 PMCID: PMC8860882 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication is central to patient-centered care in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer. Previously, we developed a functional communication model from perspectives of parents whose children had cancer. No prior studies have established a framework for the breadth of communication functions in AYA oncology. We aimed to identify these communication functions from AYAs' perspectives. METHODS Semistructured interviews with 37 AYAs with cancer aged 12-24 years at diagnosis from two pediatric centers during treatment or survivorship. We performed thematic analysis, using a functional communication model as an a priori framework, but remaining open to novel themes. RESULTS We identified eight interdependent functions of communication in AYA oncology that were consistent with those previously identified among parents: building relationships, exchanging information, enabling family self-management, making decisions, managing uncertainty, responding to emotions, providing validation, and supporting hope. AYAs held varying preferences for engagement in different communication functions. While some AYAs preferred very passive or active roles, most AYAs described an interdependent process of communication involving them, their parents, and their clinicians. Parents often served as a conduit and buffer of communication between the AYA and clinician. CONCLUSIONS Interviews with AYAs provided evidence for eight interdependent communication functions in AYA oncology. Many AYAs described the integral role of parents in communication regardless of their age. Clinicians can use this framework to better understand and fulfill the communication needs of AYA patients. Future work should aim to measure and intervene upon these functions to improve communication experiences for AYAs with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Sisk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Medicine, Bioethics Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Megan Keenan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ginny L. Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erica Kaye
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Justin N. Baker
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer W. Mack
- Pediatric Oncology and Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James M. DuBois
- Department of Medicine, Bioethics Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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22
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Teleman B, Svedberg P, Larsson I, Karlsson C, Nygren JM. A Norm-Creative Method for Co-constructing Personas With Children With Disabilities: Multiphase Design Study. J Particip Med 2022; 14:e29743. [PMID: 34989695 PMCID: PMC8778551 DOI: 10.2196/29743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in the demand for child participation in health care requires tools that enable and empower children to be involved in the co-production of their own care. The development of such tools should involve children, but participatory design and research with children have challenges, in particular, when involving children with disabilities where a low level of participation is the norm. Norm-creative and participatory approaches may bring more effective design solutions for this group. "Personas" is a methodology for increasing user perspectives in design and offers representation when users are absent. However, research on participatory persona generation in this context is limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate how norm-creative and participatory design approaches can be integrated in a persona generation method to suit children with disabilities in the design of games for health that target this group. METHODS The method development involved interview transcripts and image-based workshops. Sixteen children with various disabilities participated in persona generation through co-creation of characters and scenarios. The results from the workshops were validated together with 8 children without disabilities, 1 young adult with a disability, and 1 rehabilitation professional. A qualitative thematic design analysis was iterated throughout the process. RESULTS The results consisted of an image-based and iterative co-construction method. It was accompanied by examples of personas that were generated and validated within a games for health case. The method showed effectiveness in enabling flexible co-construction and communication. The data resonated with social model perspectives, and the development is discussed in terms of participation levels, salutogenic descriptions of barriers, and norm-creative tradeoffs. CONCLUSIONS The resulting method may influence future design projects toward more inclusiveness and enable increased representation for children with disabilities in research and design. Using this method to its full potential requires a norm-critical awareness as well as extensive facilitation. Suggestions for further research include the application of the method to design processes in similar contexts or user groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Teleman
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Petra Svedberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | | | - Jens M Nygren
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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23
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O’Connor D, Lynch H, Boyle B. A qualitative study of child participation in decision-making: Exploring rights-based approaches in pediatric occupational therapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260975. [PMID: 34914778 PMCID: PMC8675724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, therapists are duty-bound to include children in decisions that impact them. Although occupational therapists champion client-centred, collaborative practice, there remains a paucity of studies detailing children’s rights and experiences of decision-making in pediatric occupational therapy. Purpose This qualitative study described the decision-making experiences of children, parents and therapists in occupational therapy. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants (six children, five parents and six occupational therapists), and data analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Three themes emerged: 1) Goal-setting experiences; 2) Adults: child-rights gatekeepers or defenders? and 3) Decision-making in context. Findings suggest that decision-making is mostly adult directed, and children’s voices are subsumed by adult-led services, priorities, and agendas. Implications Children’s rights need to be embedded as an aspect of best practice in providing services that are child-centred in occupational therapy practices and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre O’Connor
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Helen Lynch
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bryan Boyle
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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24
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Wilkinson K, Gumm R, Hambly H, Logan S, Morris C. Implementation of training to improve communication with disabled children on the ward: A feasibility study. Health Expect 2021; 24:1433-1442. [PMID: 34048632 PMCID: PMC8369114 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of disabled children report poorer inpatient experiences when they stay in hospital, and some staff report finding communicating with disabled children challenging. This study tested the feasibility of implementing a training package for staff on paediatric wards to improve communication with disabled children, especially those with communication difficulties, and their families. The package was developed with parent carers and clinicians, and comprises a manual, a video of parent carers talking about real experiences, discussion points and local resources. The 50-minutes training is intended for in-house delivery by local facilitators. METHODS Thirteen training sessions were delivered in paediatric wards across four hospitals in England, totalling 123 staff who took part. Participants completed questionnaires before (n = 109) and after (n = 36) training, and a sample of champions (senior clinicians) and facilitators were interviewed at the end of the study. RESULTS Facilitators found the training easy to deliver, and participants felt they took away important messages to improve their practice. After the training, further changes were reported at an organizational level, including offering further training and reviewing practices. CONCLUSIONS This study provides supporting evidence for the implementation of a low-cost, minimal-resource training package to support staff communication with children and their families in hospitals. It provides promising indication of impact on behavioural change at the individual and organizational level. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Parent carers identified the need and helped to develop the training, including featuring in the training video. They were also consulted throughout the study on research design, delivery and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kath Wilkinson
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and National Institute of Health Research Applied Research Collaboration for the South West Peninsula (penARC), University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Rebecca Gumm
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Helen Hambly
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and National Institute of Health Research Applied Research Collaboration for the South West Peninsula (penARC), University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Stuart Logan
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and National Institute of Health Research Applied Research Collaboration for the South West Peninsula (penARC), University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Christopher Morris
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and National Institute of Health Research Applied Research Collaboration for the South West Peninsula (penARC), University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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25
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Davison G, Kelly MA, Conn R, Thompson A, Dornan T. How do children and adolescents experience healthcare professionals? Scoping review and interpretive synthesis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054368. [PMID: 34244289 PMCID: PMC8273482 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore children's and adolescents' (CADs') lived experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs). DESIGN Scoping review methodology provided a six-step framework to, first, identify and organise existing evidence. Interpretive phenomenology provided methodological principles for, second, an interpretive synthesis of the life worlds of CADs receiving healthcare, as represented by verbatim accounts of their experiences. DATA SOURCES Five key databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, and Web of Science), from inception through to January 2019, reference lists, and opportunistically identified publications. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Research articles containing direct first-person quotations by CADs (aged 0-18 years inclusive) describing how they experienced HCPs. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Tabulation of study characteristics, contextual information, and verbatim extraction of all 'relevant' (as defined above) direct quotations. Analysis of basic scope of the evidence base. The research team worked reflexively and collaboratively to interpret the qualitative data and construct a synthesis of children's experiences. To consolidate and elaborate the interpretation, we held two focus groups with inpatient CADs in a children's hospital. RESULTS 669 quotations from 99 studies described CADs' experiences of HCPs. Favourable experiences were of forming trusting relationships and being involved in healthcare discussions and decisions; less favourable experiences were of not relating to or being unable to trust HCPs and/or being excluded from conversations about them. HCPs fostered trusting relationships by being personable, wise, sincere and relatable. HCPs made CADs feel involved by including them in conversations, explaining medical information, and listening to CADs' wider needs and preferences. CONCLUSION These findings strengthen the case for making CADs partners in healthcare despite their youth. We propose that a criterion for high-quality child-centred healthcare should be that HCPs communicate in ways that engender trust and involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Davison
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Children's Emergency Department, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Martina Ann Kelly
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Conn
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- General Paediatrics Department, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew Thompson
- General Paediatrics Department, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Tim Dornan
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Verma S, Agrawal R. Psychotropic Medication Adherence in Children and Adolescents. South Med J 2021; 114:388-394. [PMID: 34215889 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Researchers believe that almost 20% of children and adolescents struggle with chronic and persistent mental health concerns. Mental health is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Youth can struggle with several impairing mental health disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. Inadequately treated chronic mental illnesses can adversely affect the growing brain profoundly, including academic decline, early school dropout, cognitive deficits, interpersonal relationship concerns, aggression, suicide attempts or completion, substance use disorders, frequent hospital admissions, and inability to maintain employment. Even if diagnosed early in their course of illness, many of these individuals struggle to continue medications as prescribed. The factors predicting adherence to medications are underresearched in children and adolescents. Psychotropic medication compliance is a complicated issue that is tied to various aspects of caring for a minor individual. Hence, it is relevant to discuss factors that are predicted to contribute to noncompliance in this age group. The purpose of this review is to carefully consider the gaps in knowledge, suggesting interventions by using established instruments and clinical strategies to resolve the identified barriers for improving medication adherence. Compliance should be targeted at various levels, including the entire family tree and the treatment team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Verma
- From Evolve Treatment Center-PC, Danville, California, and Centerstone of Kentucky, Louisville
| | - Ruchita Agrawal
- From Evolve Treatment Center-PC, Danville, California, and Centerstone of Kentucky, Louisville
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Quaye AA, Castor C, Coyne I, Söderbäck M, Hallström IK. How are children's best interests expressed during their hospital visit?-An observational study. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:3644-3656. [PMID: 34080241 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe ways in which children's best interests were observed to be expressed in paediatric settings during their hospital visit. BACKGROUND The best interests of the child are embodied in national and international legal systems, although the definition remains problematic. The child's limited autonomy mandates duty bearers to have both a child perspective and the child's perspective when considering what the best interest of the child entails in care situations. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study with overt, non-participant observations fulfilling the COREQ criteria. METHODS Thirty-two observations of interactions between children aged 2 to 17 years with both acute and chronic conditions, their parents and healthcare professionals were conducted at three paediatric hospitals in Sweden. Inductive and abductive reasoning were used in the content analysis of data, which followed the identification, coding, categorising and abstraction of observed patterns of the best interest of the child. RESULTS Findings reveal facilitating and obstructing factors for the child's best interests to be safeguarded in healthcare situations. Children were guided in or hindered from exercising their competence. The observations showed a variation in actions taken by both parents and healthcare professionals to safeguard the best interests of the child. CONCLUSIONS Determining the best interest of the child requires a case-by-case basis, as it is context-dependent, situational, flexible and dependent on all actors involved and actual decisions made. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare professionals' actions can facilitate or obstruct observed expressions of the child's best interest. It is essential to enhance healthcare professionals' communication skills, knowledge awareness and continuing education about the rights of children receiving healthcare services. Reflections and discussions on how to protect the best interests of children may help healthcare professionals to uphold children's best interest in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Afua Quaye
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Castor
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Imelda Coyne
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Science and Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maja Söderbäck
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Berger E, Jamshidi N, Reupert A, Jobson L, Miko A. Review: The mental health implications for children and adolescents impacted by infectious outbreaks - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 26:157-166. [PMID: 33733620 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review synthesized available research on the psychological implications for children and adolescents who either were directly or indirectly exposed to an infectious outbreak. On this basis, the current paper aims to provide recommendations for future research, practice and policy regarding children during pandemics. METHOD A total of 2195 records were retrieved from the PsycINFO, SCOPUS and MEDLINE databases, and three from Google Scholar. RESULTS Including only those papers that focused on children or adolescent's mental health in association with respiratory infectious outbreaks, 11 articles were identified. The majority of research utilized qualitative or retrospective hospital record data. Children and adolescents reported fear and anxiety, as well as disruptions to their day to day routines as a result of outbreaks. However, children were also able to demonstrate resilience during outbreaks with the right support. CONCLUSIONS Children's psychological response to the outbreak appeared to be largely attributed to how their parents, healthcare providers and the media communicated the event. Recommendations for policy, practitioners and researchers concerning the current COVID-19 outbreak concludes the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Berger
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Negar Jamshidi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrea Reupert
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Laura Jobson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Amy Miko
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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29
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Clarke S. An Exploration of the Child's Experience of Staying in Hospital from the Perspectives of Children and Children's Nurses using Child-Centered Methodology. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2021; 45:1-14. [PMID: 33794738 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2021.1876786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Globally the needs of children differ to those of adults; consequently, the "voice" of children in health care delivery is paramount to its effectiveness as a service. This qualitative study aims to present a contemporary "slice" of life in four children's wards in a typical United Kingdom children's hospital in the 21st century from the perspective of the service user (child) and significant service giver (Registered Children's Nurse). Phase one of the study involved the development of a child research advisory group (CRAG) with five local primary school children (aged 10-11 years) to assist in the co-production of research questions and data collection tool for child participants - two talking cartoon characters (Sprinkle Cupcake and Ronaldo Football) via an app/iPad. In phase two (main study), hospitalized children (n = 18) and Registered Children's Nurses (n = 8) were interviewed on one occasion within their ward setting using a semi-structured approach in July 2017. The emerging broad themes (using thematic analysis), were (1) children - the child's needs, relationships, fears, and concerns, alongside (2) nurses - children's nursing, job pressures, safe and effective care. Themes were then presented as tensions in that they represent the relationship between variables where the different elements in the relationship are held in tension, such that a change in one impacts upon the other. Similarities between the children and nurse participants include issues with the environment, lack of time to care (nurse), effects of nurse-led interventions, and valued role of play. Differences are largely around the role of the parent. The development and work of the CRAG and use of "tensions" to more effectively present the complexity of the findings are unique to this study. In conclusion, this study contributes to the development of a generalized knowledge base for policy, nursing education, and clinical practice by shedding light in how the complex hospital environment can be challenging for the child and children's nurse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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30
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Carlsson IM, Arvidsson S, Svedberg P, Nygren JM, Viklund Å, Birkeland AL, Larsson I. Creating a communication space in the healthcare context: Children’s perspective of using the eHealth service, Sisom. J Child Health Care 2021; 25:31-43. [PMID: 32048874 PMCID: PMC7897780 DOI: 10.1177/1367493520904804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
According to the United Nation's Convention of the Rights of the Child, children have the right to participate in their own healthcare and make their opinions heard. The aim of this study was thus to explore the impact of using an eHealth service, Sisom, to gain the children's perspectives during their healthcare appointments. Data were gathered through individual interviews with a purposeful sample of 16 children, aged 6-13 years old, treated for different diseases and using the eHealth service, Sisom, during their healthcare appointments. The interviews were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory. The results showed that using Sisom made children's voice heard by creating a communication space in the healthcare setting. This meant that the children got involved in the communication, were acknowledged as an important person who could give the answers to questions and were given time. Implementing the use of Sisom is a way to make children's needs and preferences explicitly visible for decision-making in practice and thereby supporting the further development of child-centred care in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Marie Carlsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden,Ing-Marie Carlsson, Department of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, SE-823, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden.
| | - Susann Arvidsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Petra Svedberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jens M Nygren
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Åsa Viklund
- Department of Social Work, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Birkeland
- Department of Social Work, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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31
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Syan A, Lam JYY, Huang CGL, Smith MSM, Darnay K, Hawke LD, Henderson J. The Wellness Quest: A health literacy and self-advocacy tool developed by youth for youth mental health. Health Expect 2021; 24:659-669. [PMID: 33636052 PMCID: PMC8077157 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Less than 20% of youth who experience mental health difficulties access and receive appropriate treatment. This is exacerbated by barriers such as stigma, confidentiality concerns and lack of mental health literacy. A youth team developed the Wellness Quest: a health literacy tool to enable help‐seeking youth to advocate for themselves. Objective To evaluate the content, presentation and utility of the Wellness Quest tool among youth. Participants Participants aged 14 to 26. Methods A youth research team conducted five focus groups and one online survey to evaluate the Wellness Quest tool. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data, and descriptive statistics were used to explore the survey results. Main results Overall evaluations of the Wellness Quest were positive: participants felt it would be useful during their mental health help‐seeking journey. Participants expressed the need for information about services for specific populations, such as Indigenous, immigrants, refugees and 2SLGBTQ + youth. They expressed that the tool should be available in complementary online and print versions. Discussion Improving mental health literacy may improve mental health by enabling youth and those who support them to recognize and respond to signs of distress and understanding where and how to get help. The Wellness Quest tool may equip youth with the knowledge to make informed decisions and advocate for their own mental health, thereby facilitating help‐seeking among youth. Patient or public contribution Youth as service users led all stages of the project, from designing and conducting the study and analysing the data to writing the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asavari Syan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janice Y Y Lam
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Capurso M, di Castelbianco FB, Di Renzo M. "My Life in the Hospital": Narratives of Children With a Medical Condition. CONTINUITY IN EDUCATION 2021; 2:4-25. [PMID: 38774894 PMCID: PMC11104414 DOI: 10.5334/cie.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric hospitalization is a common experience that may increase children's sense of isolation and impinge on their social-emotional wellbeing. Educators and medical practitioners could minimize these negative effects of hospitalization if they were able to listen to the voices of the children and, therefore, better meet their needs. This qualitative study provides an overview of how children with a medical condition actively construct and organize their thoughts and feelings about illness, life in hospital, and relationships. We extrapolated from a collection of children's narratives from a previous more comprehensive study (consisting of 379 narratives from children in 29 public hospitals across Italy, age range 3-14 years). Narratives grouped under the headings "Me and my illness" or "Me and the others" were selected and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to identify the richness and complexity of children's experience. Results showed that children's description of their illness was affected both by cognitive and social factors. For children, the concept of feeling ill or well is not linked only to the fact that they are in hospital for a medical condition; rather, it is influenced by their ability to form relationships with others, play, be active, and feel alive within the hospital environment. Listening to narratives can deepen our understanding of children's illness-related experiences and how they make sense of their situation. A set of practice implications are presented to help health professionals and educators to improve their listening capabilities and better prevent adverse pediatric hospitalization outcomes.
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Udwadia FR, McDonald PJ, Connolly MB, Hrincu V, Illes J. Youth Weigh In: Views on Advanced Neurotechnology for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:128-132. [PMID: 32942941 PMCID: PMC7775323 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820957810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy affects over 500,000 children in North America of whom 30% have drug-resistant epilepsy. Advancements with neurotechnologies show promising benefits, but the perceptions of these procedures by youth is unknown. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with 10 youth in British Columbia, Canada who underwent procedures for drug-resistant epilepsy involving different forms of neurotechnology (subdural grids, vagus nerve stimulation, responsive neurostimulation). Interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative qualitative method. RESULTS Four major thematic categories emerged from the interviews. Treatment values, impact of the disorder, personal context, and impact of neurotechnology. CONCLUSIONS Besides the predictable goal of seizure reduction, a desire for autonomy and the importance of trust in the medical team emerged as dominant values within the 4 thematic categories that were explicit to the use of new neurotechnologies for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad R Udwadia
- Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patrick J McDonald
- Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary B Connolly
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Viorica Hrincu
- Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Judy Illes
- Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Loureiro FM, Antunes AVDRA, Pelander T, Charepe ZB. The experience of school-aged children with hospitalisation. J Clin Nurs 2020; 30:550-558. [PMID: 33238035 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study intended to contribute to the improvement of nursing care for both children and their parents and aimed to identify the best and worst experiences of school-aged children during hospitalisation. BACKGROUND Child hospitalisation has traditionally been studied from the parent's perspective, but studies in which the child is the subject are scarce and mainly focus on to the hospitalisation experiences. DESIGN A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive exploratory design was used, and STROBE reporting guidelines were followed. METHODS A paper survey was applied by the primary researcher within a 3 months period to 252 children. It presented two open-ended statements: 'In my opinion the best thing about the hospital is …' and 'In my opinion the worst thing about the hospital is…'. The study was submitted and approved by the national data protection commission and also by the ethics committees of each of the six institutions where the study was undertaken. Informed consent was also obtained from children and parents. RESULTS Answers were analysed through content analysis. Five categories were identified for each of the open-ended statements. Children identified 'people', 'physical environment', 'activities', 'outcomes' and 'food' as best experiences. The worst experiences included: 'feelings', 'activities', 'food', 'environment' and 'outcomes'. CONCLUSIONS The results allowed the identification of the children's most valued aspects of hospitalisation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results should be considered by healthcare professionals in order to make the hospitalisation experience more positive from the perspective of the school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Manuela Loureiro
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Tiina Pelander
- Faculty of Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
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Lau AS, Kim JJ, Nguyen DJ, Nguyen HT, Kodish T, Weiss B. Effects of Preference on Outcomes of Preventive Interventions among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents At-Risk of Depression. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:820-836. [PMID: 31407937 PMCID: PMC9050203 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1639514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patient-centered care includes efforts to align treatment with patient preferences to improve outcomes and has not been studied in adolescent depression prevention. Within a school-based randomized trial, we examined the effects of offering a preference between two evidence-based preventive interventions for youth at risk of depression, Learning to BREATHE (L2B) and Interpersonal Therapy-Adolescent Skills Training. We examined the effects of 3 preference factors (assignment condition [preference vs. random], receipt of preferred program, and baseline program preference) on outcomes in a diverse sample of 111 adolescents (M age = 15.18 years, SD = .86): 81 (73%) girls, 45 (41%) White, 40 (36%) Asian American, 8 (7%) Latinx, 1 (1%) African American, and 17 (15%) multiracial or other race/ethnicity. Findings revealed little evidence that receiving a preferred intervention or being given a choice of interventions was linked to greater improvement or initial engagement. Further, analyses did not indicate that adolescents with baseline indications for a specific intervention would benefit more from that intervention; rather, adolescents with generally lower baseline functioning improved more regardless of the intervention received. However, receipt of L2B and a baseline preference for L2B were associated with greater improvements in about half of the outcomes examined, with effect sizes ranging from R 2 = 0.04 to 0.14. There was little support for the need to match interventions to adolescent preferences in school-based prevention efforts. Rather, the more scalable mindfulness-based intervention had stronger effects than the interpersonal intervention and may hold promise for diverse adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of California , Los Angeles
| | - Joanna J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of California , Los Angeles
| | | | - Hannah T Nguyen
- Department of Human Services, California State University, Dominguez Hills
| | - Tamar Kodish
- Department of Psychology, University of California , Los Angeles
| | - Bahr Weiss
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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Clarke S. Using Technology to Seek the Vulnerable and Marginalized Child's Voice in Hospital: Co-working with a 'Child Research Advisory Group' (CRAG). Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2020:1-10. [PMID: 33104392 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2020.1832626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the development, value and outcome of co-working with a 'child research advisory group' (CRAG) within healthcare research. The UK qualitative study completed as part of a Doctorate in Education (EdD) primarily explored the child's experience of hospital in Northern Ireland from the perspective of the child (and children's nurse). Essentially the role of the CRAG was to co-develop simple research questions and a data collection tool which was child centered, rather than adult centered - the research tool would be used with the main study child participants aged six to 12 years old in 2017. Five primary school children, with experience of hospital from year six and seven agreed to act as a CRAG in 2016. The outcome being an innovative data collection tool which is an App featuring the choice of two talking cartoon characters who asked the co-designed research questions via an iPad. The characters are Sprinkle Cupcake and Ronaldo Football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Demiy A, Kalemba A, Lorent M, Pecuch A, Wolańska E, Telenga M, Gieysztor EZ. A Child's Perception of Their Developmental Difficulties in Relation to Their Adult Assessment. Analysis of the INPP Questionnaire. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040156. [PMID: 33027926 PMCID: PMC7712011 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study involved a comparison of the perception of developmental difficulties in a child by the parents, the teacher, and through the child’s self-assessment. Based on the Institute for Neuro-Psychological Psychology (INPP) questionnaire according to S. Goddard Blythe, three groups were examined: schoolchildren, parents, and teachers. Each of them answered a set of 21 questions and assessed the degree of occurrence of a given difficulty for the child on a scale from 0 to 4. The questions concerned psychomotor problems related to balance, motor coordination and concentration, as well as school skills. In total, 49 questionnaires from children and parents and 46 from teachers were used for the study. The mean answer to each question was calculated within the following groups: child–parent, child–teacher, and parent–teacher. The sum of the children’s answer points was significantly higher than the sum of the parents’ answer points (p = 0.037). Children assessed their developmental difficulties more strongly than teachers, but this difference was not statistically significant. The individual difficulties of the children were assessed significantly more seriously or more gently than by the National Scientific Conference “Human health problems—causes, present state, ways for the future” speeches by 44 teacher participants on 5 June 2020. Parents and teachers also assessed the children’s difficulties significantly differently (p = 0.044). The biggest difference in answers concerned the question of maintaining attention. The obtained results indicate a significant difference in the perception of difficulties occurring in the same child by the teacher and the parent. The child’s behavior in school and home environments may be different and, depending on the requirements, assessed differently. Children perceive their difficulties much more seriously than adults. Talking and the support of adults can make it easier for a child to overcome developmental difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Demiy
- Student Research Group of the Developmental Disorders of Children and Youth, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (E.W.); (M.T.); (E.Z.G.)
| | - Agata Kalemba
- Student Research Group of the Developmental Disorders of Children and Youth, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (E.W.); (M.T.); (E.Z.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Lorent
- Student Research Group of the Developmental Disorders of Children and Youth, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (E.W.); (M.T.); (E.Z.G.)
| | - Anna Pecuch
- Student Research Group of the Developmental Disorders of Children and Youth, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (E.W.); (M.T.); (E.Z.G.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Bases of Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wolańska
- Student Research Group of the Developmental Disorders of Children and Youth, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (E.W.); (M.T.); (E.Z.G.)
- Division Pediatric Propedeutics and Rare Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Telenga
- Student Research Group of the Developmental Disorders of Children and Youth, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (E.W.); (M.T.); (E.Z.G.)
| | - Ewa Z. Gieysztor
- Student Research Group of the Developmental Disorders of Children and Youth, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (E.W.); (M.T.); (E.Z.G.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Bases of Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Implementation of Shared Decision-Making in Clinical Practice in Rheumatology. J Clin Rheumatol 2020; 26:S98-S100. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sjöberg C, Svedberg P, Carlsson IM, Nygren JM. The Importance of the Setting during Sedation for Intrathecal Chemotherapy in Pediatric Oncology Care: A Case Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8030314. [PMID: 32887243 PMCID: PMC7551382 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing survival rates for childhood cancer have brought attention to the high level of burden of cancer and its treatment. Improving supportive care for children throughout their cancer trajectory is thus important and could reduce the difficulties related to treatment, including time-consuming treatments and the waiting time associated with treatment procedures. The aim of this study is to describe time intervals and the Propofol dose used during sedation for intrathecal chemotherapy in three different settings. The study is based on retrospective data from repeated treatment sessions recorded in operation planning programs and hospital records in the period 2011–2018 (n = 164). Children, 1–12 years old (n = 22), undergoing a varying number of treatments, were included in the study. The most crucial finding in this study is that the time from the child’s first meeting with the nurse anesthetist to the induction of sedation is significantly reduced if the procedure is performed in the children’s ward. The study highlights the importance of the setting for sedation for intrathecal chemotherapy when implementing a child-centered approach in pediatric oncology care.
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Jepsen SL, Haahr A, Eg M, Jørgensen LB. Coping with the unfamiliar: How do children cope with hospitalization in relation to acute and/or critical illness? A qualitative metasynthesis. J Child Health Care 2019; 23:534-550. [PMID: 30453743 DOI: 10.1177/1367493518804097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and describe how young children cope with hospitalization in relation to acute and/or critical illness. The study is a qualitative metasynthesis inspired by the approach described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Based on an exhaustive literature search, six studies were included. Data were analyzed through a taxonomic analysis. The findings revealed that the hospitalized children face a variety of challenges during admission to the hospital due to acute and/or critical illness. The main challenge was that hospitalized children strive to cope with different aspects of 'the unfamiliar' that emerge in their illness treatment and hospital stay. The unfamiliar refers to unknown experiences on a physical, emotional, and relational level. Subsequently, children cope with the unfamiliar by striving to convert the hospital stay into something more similar to everyday life, using strategies to secure basic needs and constructing familiarity in the hospital stay. The consequences of the children's coping behavior are discussed and how children strive to keep their integrity intact during illness and hospitalization are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Haahr
- VIA Health Promotion & Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Development, VIA University College, Denmark
| | - Marianne Eg
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital Viborg, Viborg, Denmark.,The Centre for Nursing Research, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Lene Bastrup Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Cairos A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Koller D, Binder MJ, Alexander S, Darch J. "Everybody Makes Mistakes": Children's Views on Medical Errors and Disclosure. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 49:1-9. [PMID: 31398578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the views of chronically-ill pediatric patients on medical errors and disclosure processes. DESIGN AND METHODS Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with twenty pediatric patients. Participants comprised ten children (8-12 years) and ten adolescents (13-18 years). Multiple methods using qualitative approaches were applied to explore and elicit views on medical errors, disclosure and recommendations for patient safety. For the children, art and play-based methods along with visual aids and vignettes were used to facilitate discussion. Older participants predominantly engaged in discussing the issue of medical errors through an examination of vignettes representing levels of harm. RESULTS Participants revealed a range of perspectives including a strong desire to be told of errors. While they wanted those responsible for the error to be held accountable, they acknowledged that everyone makes mistakes. Children's rights and participation in patient safety as well as the existence of secret errors emerged spontaneously through the data analysis. CONCLUSIONS Chronically-ill children want to know about errors, from the person responsible for the error, and consider apologies and genuine remorse to be critical for coping. Children acknowledge that disclosure requires a case-by-case analysis. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results have implications for how we view disclosure processes with children and how to engage them in patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Koller
- Department of Early Childhood Studies, Ryerson University,Canada.
| | - Marni J Binder
- Department of Early Childhood Studies, Ryerson University,Canada.
| | - Shaindy Alexander
- Child Life Department, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids),Canada.
| | - Jane Darch
- Child Life Department, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids),Canada.
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Lapp V. The Patient's Voice: Development of an Adolescent Hospital Quality of Care Survey (AHQOCS). J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 49:43-50. [PMID: 31476679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an adolescent determined hospital quality of care survey. BACKGROUND Adolescents do not currently evaluate their quality of hospital care. Hospital satisfaction surveys are mailed following discharge to parents, and parental input may not reflect adolescent perception. DESIGN AND METHODS This exploratory, descriptive study utilizing Q-sort methodology, investigated 60 adolescents/young adults' (ages 12-21) perception of hospital care. A comprehensive, peer-reviewed journal search conducted 1998-2017 explored adolescent perception of hospital care. Themes emerging from adolescent's perception of care were developed into 56 statements for relevance sorting. RESULTS Excellent content validity of the care domains was established at 0.982 (utilizing the universal agreement). After placement of all 56 cards, items were correlated in order to reveal similarities in perspectives. Items of greatest importance to adolescents included 'able to tell the doctor what was wrong with you', 'having family stay', 'trust in nurse to take care of you', 'able to ask the doctor to explain what they said', 'nurse clearly told you what would happen to you', and 'a clean room'. Little variation in response occurred across the variables of age, gender, length of stay, or diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Given the opportunity to relate autonomously to health services, adolescents are able to determine quality preferences and should be contributory in determining hospital care. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Based on adolescent preferences demonstrated in this study, satisfaction with pediatric care delivery should be improved with attention tailored to adolescent wishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lapp
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, FL, United States of America.
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MacDonald AI, Chorney J, Bezuhly M, Hong P. Shared decision-making in older children and parents considering elective adenotonsillectomy. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 45:32-39. [PMID: 31602792 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shared decision-making describes a collaborative process in which healthcare providers and patients/families make treatment decisions using the best available evidence, while taking into account the patient's values and preferences. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of decisional conflict and shared decision-making experienced by older children and their parents when considering elective adentonsillectomies. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Paediatric otolaryngology clinic in a teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 53 children older than 9 years and their parents who underwent consultation for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Children and parents completed the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire-Patient Version (SDM-Q-9). Surgeons completed the Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire-Physician Version (SDM-Q-Doc). RESULTS Overall, 10 (19%) parents and 18 (34%) children reported clinically significant decisional conflict. Parents who opted not to proceed with surgery had significantly higher DCS scores than those who decided to proceed with surgery. Both parents and children SDM-Q-9 and total DCS scores were significantly negatively correlated. Physician SDM-Q-Doc and parent total DCS scores were negatively correlated, while parent and physician SDM scores were positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Many older children and parents reported significant decisional conflict when considering elective paediatric otolaryngology surgery. Decisional conflict levels for both children and parents decreased with greater perceived levels of shared decision-making. Older children did not appear to discern the same levels of shared decision-making as parents and surgeons. Future research should assess methods to implement shared decision-making into clinical practice for clinicians, parents and children when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill Chorney
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul Hong
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Bray L, Horowicz E, Preston K, Carter B. Using participatory drama workshops to explore children's beliefs, understandings and experiences of coming to hospital for clinical procedures. J Child Health Care 2019:1367493519883087. [PMID: 31640399 DOI: 10.1177/1367493519883087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children attending hospital for a clinical procedure such as a scan or blood test can experience anxiety and uncertainty. Children who are informed and supported before and during procedures tend to have a more positive experience. Despite this, there is a lack of empirical evidence directly from children around how they would like to be supported before, during and after a procedure. This qualitative study used improvised drama workshops to investigate children's (n = 15, aged 7-14 years) perceptions and opinions of attending hospital for a procedure and what would help them have a positive encounter. Children portrayed themselves as having a small presence during a hospital procedure, depicted by the two themes of 'having to be brave but feeling scared inside' and 'wanting to get involved but being too afraid to ask'. Within both themes, children described how the directive and reassuring language and actions used by health professionals and parents marginalized their contributions. This study shows that children attending hospital for procedures value the opportunity to have a presence and active role, to express their emotions, join in interactions and be involved in making choices about their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Bray
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Ed Horowicz
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | | | - Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Karlsson K, Galvin K, Darcy L. Medical procedures in children using a conceptual framework that keeps a focus on human dimensions of care - a discussion paper. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2019; 14:1675354. [PMID: 31621530 PMCID: PMC6807864 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2019.1675354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Children’s perspectives in the context of health service delivery have historically been seen as unimportant. They have been viewed as unintelligent, unable to effectively share or tell of their experiences or fully participate in their care, potentially resulting in a sense of dehumanisation. Method: The present paper illustrates children’s experiences when undergoing medical procedures, using application of the eight dimensions of humanised care theoretical framework. Results: Findings from six published papers were reflectively interrogated to identify implicit findings related to the dimensions of humanised care. These implicit findings show ways of caring for childrenwhichcan lead to enhanced human sensitivity in care or conversely where the dimensions of being human are obscured to greater or lesser degrees and can result in forms of dehumanisation. Conclusions: Inadvertent dehumanising features of practice can be mediated by encouraging the inclusion of children’s own lifeworld perspective and make room for their voices in both care and research. In this way the present well documented power imbalance could be addressed. Adding the value of the theoretical framework highlights areas of need for young children to be cared for as human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Karlsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras , Boras , Sweden
| | - Kathleen Galvin
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras , Boras , Sweden.,School of Health Science, University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Laura Darcy
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras , Boras , Sweden
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46
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Bates A, Forrester-Jones R, McCarthy M. Specialist hospital treatment and care as reported by children with intellectual disabilities and a cleft lip and/or palate, their parents and healthcare professionals. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 33:283-295. [PMID: 31578815 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into hospital treatment and care of children with intellectual disabilities is extremely limited, but available literature points to difficulties. Some children have a co-occurring condition alongside an intellectual disability which requires ongoing treatment, such as a cleft lip/palate. To date, their experiences remain untapped. METHOD Semi-structured interviews with 23 participants; five children with intellectual disabilities (aged 11-16), their parents (n = 9) and nine healthcare professionals working in cleft care. Thematic analysis determined patterns across the data. RESULTS Three key themes were found: struggles (stress and distress, and power imbalance), tensions (perceived levels of choice and control in decision making, lack of training around intellectual disability assumptions and jargon) and good practice (appropriate communication and information, and tailored treatment). CONCLUSION Good practice was evident, but was ad hoc. Individualized treatment and communication based upon children's needs are required as is further investigation into general anaesthetic induction for children with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bates
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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47
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Bröder J, Okan O, Bollweg TM, Bruland D, Pinheiro P, Bauer U. Child and Youth Health Literacy: A Conceptual Analysis and Proposed Target-Group-Centred Definition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183417. [PMID: 31540040 PMCID: PMC6765952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This article adopts an interdisciplinary perspective to analyse, examine, and reflect upon prominent health literacy (HL) understandings in childhood and youth. (2) Method: The conceptual analysis combined Rodgers’ and Jabareen’s approaches to conceptual analysis in eight phases. (3) Results: First, we present exploratory entry points for developing a child-specific HL understanding based on the six dimensions of a ‘health-literacy 6D model’. Second, we describe and reflect upon five meta-level dimensions covering the HL definitions and models for children and youth found in the conceptual analysis. Third, we integrate our findings into a target-group-centred HL definition for children and youth. (4) Discussion/Conclusion: This article raises awareness for the heterogeneity of the current conceptual HL debate. It offers a multidisciplinary approach for advancing the existing understanding of HL. Four recommendations for future actions are deduced from the following four principles, which are inherent to the proposed target-group-centred HL definition: (a) to characterize HL from an asset-based perspective, (b) to consider HL as socially embedded and distributed, (c) to recognize that HL develops both in phases and in flexible ways, and (d) to consider the multimodal nature of health-related information. Further research is necessary to test the feasibility and applicability of the proposed definition and conceptual understanding in both research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Bröder
- Centre for Prevention and Intervention in Childhood and Adolescence (CPI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Orkan Okan
- Centre for Prevention and Intervention in Childhood and Adolescence (CPI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Torsten M Bollweg
- Centre for Prevention and Intervention in Childhood and Adolescence (CPI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Dirk Bruland
- Institute for Education and Care research in the health sector (InBVG), University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Paulo Pinheiro
- Centre for Prevention and Intervention in Childhood and Adolescence (CPI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Ullrich Bauer
- Centre for Prevention and Intervention in Childhood and Adolescence (CPI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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48
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Bray L, Appleton V, Sharpe A. The information needs of children having clinical procedures in hospital: Will it hurt? Will I feel scared? What can I do to stay calm? Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:737-743. [PMID: 31163093 PMCID: PMC6851850 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children often have unmet information needs when attending hospital, and this can cause them anxiety and uncertainty. If children are prepared and informed about what will happen during a procedure, they tend to have a better experience. Finding out what children want to know before they attend hospital for procedures could provide significant benefits for children, their families, and healthcare professionals. This study set out to investigate children's perspectives of what information is important and valuable to know before attending hospital for a planned procedure. METHODS A "write and tell" activity sheet underpinned a semistructured qualitative interview with children attending hospital for a planned procedure. The interview focussed on the information children thought was important to know before a procedure. Data were analysed using content analysis techniques. RESULTS One hundred six children aged between 8 and 12 years old participated in the interviews. The children identified 616 pieces of information they thought would be of value to children attending hospital for procedures. These were inductively coded into three types of information: procedural, sensory, and self-regulation. Children want to know detailed procedural and sensory information to actively construct a script of a procedure and then build on this with information about specific strategies to help them cope with and self-regulate the situation. CONCLUSION This study has identified three types of information children recognize as important in preprocedural preparation. Children construct an understanding of a planned procedure through actively scaffolding procedural, sensory, and self-regulation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Bray
- Faculty of Health and Social CareEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkUK
| | | | - Ashley Sharpe
- Faculty of Health and Social CareEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkUK
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Lee SP, Haycock-Stuart E, Tisdall K. Participation in communication and decisions with regards to nursing care: The role of children. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Loureiro F, Figueiredo MH, Charepe Z. Nursing care satisfaction from school‐aged children's perspective: An integrative review. Int J Nurs Pract 2019; 25:e12764. [DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Loureiro
- Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz Caparica Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS)Universidade Católica Portuguesa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maria Henriqueta Figueiredo
- Centre for Health Technologies and Services Research (CINTESIS)Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Zaida Charepe
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS)Universidade Católica Portuguesa Lisbon Portugal
- Centre for Health Technologies and Services Research (CINTESIS)Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto Porto Portugal
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