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Mahmoodi M, Gabal BC, Mohammadi F, Ibrahim FM, Jalilpiran Y, Nouri M, Faghih S. The association between healthy and unhealthy dietary indices with prostate cancer risk: a case-control study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:90. [PMID: 38902815 PMCID: PMC11191335 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to our knowledge, the relationship between dietary patterns such as pro-healthy, pro-vegetarian, and non-healthy dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk has not been clearly investigated in Iranian men. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between adherence to a pro-healthy (PHDI), pro-vegetarian (PDP), and non-healthy dietary indices (NHDI) and the risk of prostate cancer. METHOD In this matched case-control study, 125 participants (62 cases and 63 hospital-based controls) were enrolled from April to September 2015. Participants' dietary intakes were evaluated using a valid and reliable 160-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary indices calculated based on previous studies. The relationship between dietary indices (PHDI, NHDI and PDP) and prostate cancer risk was assessed using binary regression models. RESULTS According to adjusted model, significant negative correlations were found between PHDI and PDP with prostate cancer (PHDI: OR = 0.31; 95% CI; 0.11-0.85; P = 0.023 - PDP: OR = 0.34; 95% CI; 0.15-0.75; P = 0.008). Also, a positive association was seen between NHDI and prostate cancer (OR = 3.01; 95% CI; 1.20-7.57; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION We found that adherence to healthy dietary indices which includes high amounts of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains reduces the risk of prostate cancer. While adherence to a dietary pattern high in red and processed meat, refined grains, and sweetened beverages increases the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Baneen Chasib Gabal
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatma Magdi Ibrahim
- Assistant professor, Community Health Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, UAE,
- Lecturer, geriatric nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Kumar S, Senapati S, Bhattacharya N, Bhattacharya A, Maurya SK, Husain H, Bhatti JS, Pandey AK. Mechanism and recent updates on insulin-related disorders. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5840-5856. [PMID: 37727490 PMCID: PMC10506040 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i25.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Neetu Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Hadiya Husain
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, India
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3
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Leitão C, Matos B, Roque F, Herdeiro MT, Fardilha M. The Impact of Lifestyle on Prostate Cancer: A Road to the Discovery of New Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2925. [PMID: 35629050 PMCID: PMC9148038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, and its incidence has been rising through the years. Several risk factors have been associated with this disease and unhealthy lifestyles and inflammation were appointed as major contributors for PCa development, progression, and severity. Despite the advantages associated with the currently used diagnostic tools [prostate-specific antigen(PSA) serum levels and digital rectal examination (DRE)], the development of effective approaches for PCa diagnosis is still necessary. Finding lifestyle-associated proteins that may predict the development of PCa seems to be a promising strategy to improve PCa diagnosis. In this context, several biomarkers have been identified, including circulating biomarkers (CRP, insulin, C-peptide, TNFα-R2, adiponectin, IL-6, total PSA, free PSA, and p2PSA), urine biomarkers (PCA3, guanidine, phenylacetylglycine, and glycine), proteins expressed in exosomes (afamin, vitamin D-binding protein, and filamin A), and miRNAs expressed in prostate tissue (miRNA-21, miRNA-101, and miRNA-182). In conclusion, exploring the impact of lifestyle and inflammation on PCa development and progression may open doors to the identification of new biomarkers. The discovery of new PCa diagnostic biomarkers should contribute to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Leitão
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.L.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Bárbara Matos
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Roque
- Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic of Guarda (UDI-IPG), Avenida Doutor Francisco Sá Carneiro, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal;
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Herdeiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.L.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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4
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Lyu F, Li Y, Yan Z, He Q, Cheng L, Zhang P, Liu B, Liu C, Song Y, Xing Y. Identification of ISG15 and ZFP36 as novel hypoxia- and immune-related gene signatures contributing to a new perspective for the treatment of prostate cancer by bioinformatics and experimental verification. J Transl Med 2022; 20:202. [PMID: 35538543 PMCID: PMC9092714 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostatic cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in men worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates significance of hypoxia and immunity in PCa invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to develop a hypoxia- and immune-related gene risk signature and explore the molecular mechanisms to formulate a better prognostic tool for PCa patients. Methods The hypoxia and immune scores of all PCa patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were calculated via the maximally selected rank statistics method and the ESTIMATE algorithm. From common genes identified overlapping hypoxia- and immune-related differentially expressed genes (DE-HRGs and DE-IRGs), a hypoxia- and immune-related gene risk signature was developed utilizing univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and validated in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC) database. The immune cell infiltration level of PCa samples were evaluated with ssGSEA algorithm. Differential expression of prognostic genes was evidenced by immunohistochemistry and western blot (WB) in paired PCa samples. Expression levels of these genes and their variations under regular and hypoxic conditions were examined in cell lines. The functional effects of the prognostic gene on PCa cells were examined by wound healing and transwell assays. Results A hypoxia- and immune-related gene risk signature constructed by ISG15 and ZFP36 displays significant predictive potency, with higher risk score representing worse survival. A nomogram based on independent prognostic factors including the risk score and Gleason score exhibited excellent clinical value in the survival prediction of PCa. Infiltration levels of eosinophils, neutrophils, Tcm, Tem, TFH, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells were significantly lower in the high-risk group. Conversely, aDC, pDC, T helper cells, and Tregs were significantly higher. Additionally, the two prognostic genes were closely correlated with the tumor-infiltrating immune cell subset in PCa progression. RT-qPCR and WB presented higher and lower expression of ISG15 and ZFP36 in PCa cells, respectively. They were correspondingly increased and decreased in PCa cells under hypoxic conditions. Wound healing and transwell assays showed that over-expression of ISG15 promoted the migration and invasion of PCa cells. Conclusion Our study identified a novel hypoxia- and immune-related gene signature, contributing a new perspective to the treatment of PCa Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03398-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lyu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhecheng Yan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingliu He
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Asfari MM, Hamid O, Sarmini MT, Kendrick K, Pappoppula LP, Sifuentes H, Sridhar S. The Association of Lactose Intolerance With Colon and Gastric Cancers: Friend or Foe? Cureus 2022; 14:e24713. [PMID: 35676992 PMCID: PMC9166465 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lactose intolerance (LI) appears usually in later ages when the lactase enzyme becomes deficient or absent in the small intestine. Conflicting results have been reported in the literature about the association of lactose intolerance with various gastrointestinal malignancies. Hence, our aim was to study the association between LI, colon cancer (CCa), and gastric cancer (GC) using a large database.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2004 and 2014. We identified adult patients (18-90 years) who were diagnosed with LI (study group) using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. The control group comprised patients who did not have a diagnosis of LI. We identified the diagnosis of CCa and GC in both study and control groups using the ICD-9 codes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between LI, CCa, and GC.
Results: The total population comprised 71,360,501 patients, of which 57,909 (0.08%) were diagnosed with LI. LI patients were older (62 vs 51 years) with more females (61.5% vs 60.1%) and less African American patients (11.8% vs 14.3%) (p <0.0001 for all). In addition, LI patients had more smoking (12.4% vs 12%) and obesity (15% vs 8.9%). On the other hand, patients in the LI group had less alcohol use (3.8% vs 4.2%) (p <0.0001). After adjusting for the age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease, the LI group had a slightly lower rate of CCa (OR 0 .974, 95%CI 0.906-1.048, p = 0.486) and a lower rate of GC (OR: 0.993, 95%CI 0.924-1.068, p =0.853); however, the results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Patients with lactose intolerance may have a lower risk of colon and gastric cancer. However, these findings were not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to understand this association.
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Lipid Metabolism and Epigenetics Crosstalk in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040851. [PMID: 35215499 PMCID: PMC8874497 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men in the Western world. Localized low-risk PCa has an excellent prognosis thanks to effective local treatments; however, despite the incorporation of new therapeutic strategies, metastatic PCa remains incurable mainly due to disease heterogeneity and the development of resistance to therapy. The mechanisms underlying PCa progression and therapy resistance are multiple and include metabolic reprogramming, especially in relation to lipid metabolism, as well as epigenetic remodelling, both of which enable cancer cells to adapt to dynamic changes in the tumour. Interestingly, metabolism and epigenetics are interconnected. Metabolism can regulate epigenetics through the direct influence of metabolites on epigenetic processes, while epigenetics can control metabolism by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of metabolic genes. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest an association between a high-fat diet, which can alter the availability of metabolites, and PCa progression. Here, we review the alterations of lipid metabolism and epigenetics in PCa, before focusing on the mechanisms that connect them. We also discuss the influence of diet in this scenario. This information may help to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as targetable vulnerabilities.
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7
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Noor S, Semenova Y, Dosa A, Pen JJ, Menzel A, Piscopo S, Wirth N, Costea DO. Nutritional and surgical aspects in prostate disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35021909 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2013158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prostate disorders are commonplace in medicine, especially in older men, with prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer being the most abundant pathologies. The complexity of this organ, however, turns treatment into a challenge. In this review, we aim to provide insight into the efficacy of alternative treatments, which are not normally used in conventional medicine, with a particular focus on nutrients. In order to understand why and how nutrition can be beneficial in diseases of the prostate, we give an overview of the known characteristics and features of this organ. Then, we provide a summary of the most prevalent prostate illnesses. Finally, we propose nutrition-based treatment in each of these prostate problems, based on in-depth research concerning its effects in this context, with an emphasis on surgery. Overall, we plead for an upgrade of this form of alternative treatment to a fully recognized mode of therapy for the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology, ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandru Dosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Joeri J Pen
- Diabetes Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nutrition, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
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García-Perdomo HA, Gómez-Ospina JC, Chaves-Medina MJ, Sierra JM, Gómez AMA, Rivas JG. Impact of lifestyle in prostate cancer patients. What should we do? Int Braz J Urol 2021; 48:244-262. [PMID: 34472770 PMCID: PMC8932020 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review aimed to analyze interventions raised within primary and tertiary prevention concerning the disease's incidence, progression, and recurrence of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Priority was given to the multidisciplinary approach of PCa patients with an emphasis on modifiable risk factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in the following databases: Embase, Central, and Medline. We included the most recent evidence assessing cohort studies, case-control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published in the last five years. We only included studies in adults and in vitro or cell culture studies. The review was limited to English and Spanish articles. Results: Preventive interventions at all levels are the cornerstone of adherence to disease treatment and progression avoidance. The relationship in terms of healthy lifestyles is related to greater survival. The risk of developing cancer is associated to different eating habits, determined by geographic variations, possibly related to different genetic susceptibilities. Discussion: PCa is the second most common cancer in men, representing a leading cause of death among men in Latin America. Prevention strategies and healthy lifestyles are associated with higher survival rates in PCa patients. Also, screening for anxiety and the presence of symptoms related to mood disorders is essential in the patient's follow-up concerning their perception of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- Division of Urology/Uroooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Gómez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Cowpea-Porous-Starch-Formulated Silver Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5525690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Health issues involving inadequate treatment of diseases such as cancer and microbial infections continue to be the subject of much ongoing recent research. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer, Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, using the disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Cell viability profiles were evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptosis studies on selected human noncancer and cancer cells. The biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated to be spherical clusters, with sizes between 40 and 70 nm. The absorption peak at 423 nm and the presence of polyphenols confirmed the synthesis and stabilization of these tested AgNPs. The AgNPs showed a good stability of −23.9 ± 1.02 mV. Good antimicrobial activity (6.0–18.0 mm) was seen on all tested bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 5 to 16 μg/ml, with the highest activity seen against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (18 ± 0.5 mm), and the lowest activity was seen against Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (6.0 ± 0.4 mm) after treatment with the AgNPs. These NPs showed a concentration-dependent and cell-specific cytotoxicity with low IC50 values (41.7, 56.3, and 63.8 μg/ml). The NPs were well tolerated by tested cells as indicated by a more than 50% cell viability at the high dose tested and low apoptotic indices (<0.2). These findings indicated that these biosynthesized AgNPs showed great potential as effective antibacterial agents and anticancer drug delivery modalities.
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10
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Lin Y, Zhao X, Miao Z, Ling Z, Wei X, Pu J, Hou J, Shen B. Data-driven translational prostate cancer research: from biomarker discovery to clinical decision. J Transl Med 2020; 18:119. [PMID: 32143723 PMCID: PMC7060655 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant tumor with increasing incidence and high heterogeneity among males worldwide. In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, the paradigm of biomarker discovery is shifting from traditional experimental and small data-based identification toward big data-driven and systems-level screening. Complex interactions between genetic factors and environmental effects provide opportunities for systems modeling of PCa genesis and evolution. We hereby review the current research frontiers in informatics for PCa clinical translation. First, the heterogeneity and complexity in PCa development and clinical theranostics are introduced to raise the concern for PCa systems biology studies. Then biomarkers and risk factors ranging from molecular alternations to clinical phenotype and lifestyle changes are explicated for PCa personalized management. Methodologies and applications for multi-dimensional data integration and computational modeling are discussed. The future perspectives and challenges for PCa systems medicine and holistic healthcare are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhijun Miao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Dushuhu Public Hospital, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhixin Ling
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xuedong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jinxian Pu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Vasconcelos A, Santos T, Ravasco P, Neves PM. Dairy Products: Is There an Impact on Promotion of Prostate Cancer? A Review of the Literature. Front Nutr 2019; 6:62. [PMID: 31139629 PMCID: PMC6527888 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of the literature aims to study potential associations between high consumption of milk and/or dairy products and prostate cancer (PC). Literature is scarce, yet there is a direct relationship between mTORC1 activation and PC; several ingredients in milk/dairy products, when in high concentrations, increase signaling of the mTORC1 pathway. However, there are no studies showing an unequivocal relationship between milk products PC initiation and/or progression. Three different reviews were conducted with articles published in the last 5 years: (M1) PC and intake of dairy products, taking into account the possible mTORC1signaling mechanism; (M2) Intake of milk products and incidence/promotion of PC; (M3) mTORC1 activation signaling pathway, levels of IGF-1 and PC; (M4) mTORC pathway and dairy products. Of the 32 reviews identified, only 21 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There is little scientific evidence that directly link the three factors: incidence/promotion of PC, intake of dairy products and PC, and PC and increased mTORC1 signaling. Persistent hyper-activation of mTORC1 is associated with PC promotion. The activity of exosomal mRNA in cellular communication may lead to different impacts of different types of milk and whether or not mammalian milks will have their own characteristics within each species. Based on this review of the literature, it is possible to establish a relationship between the consumption of milk products and the progression of PC; we also found a possible association with PC initiation, hence it is likely that the intake of dairy products should be reduced or minimized in mens' diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Santos
- European University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Ravasco
- University Hospital of Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Neves
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Javanmardi F, Rahmani J, Ghiasi F, Hashemi Gahruie H, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The Association between the Preservative Agents in Foods and the Risk of Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1229-1240. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1608266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghiasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hashemi Gahruie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Liss MA, Al-Bayati O, Gelfond J, Goros M, Ullevig S, DiGiovanni J, Hamilton-Reeves J, O'Keefe D, Bacich D, Weaver B, Leach R, Thompson IM. Higher baseline dietary fat and fatty acid intake is associated with increased risk of incident prostate cancer in the SABOR study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:244-251. [PMID: 30385837 PMCID: PMC6685438 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the association of nutrient intake measured by baseline food frequency questionnaire and risk of subsequent prostate cancer (PCa) in the SABOR (San Antonio Biomarkers of Risk) cohort study. METHODS After IRB approval, more than 1903 men enrolled in a prospective cohort from 2000 to 2010 as part of the SABOR clinical validation site for the National Cancer Institute Early Detection Research Network. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards modeling and covariate-balanced propensity scores were used to assess the associations between all nutrients and PCa. RESULTS A total of 229 men were diagnosed with PCa by prostate biopsy. Among all nutrients, increased risk of PCa was associated with intake of dietary fat scaled by the total caloric intake, particularly saturated fatty acid (SFA) [HR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32), P value < 0.001, False discovery rate (FDR) 0.047] and trans fatty acid (TFA) [HR per quintile 1.21; (95% CI) (1.08-1.35), P < 0.001, FDR 0.039]. There was an increased risk of PCa with increasing intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (HR per quintile 1.14; 95% CI 1.03-1.27, P = 0.01, FDR 0.15) and cholesterol [HR per quintile 1.13; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (1.02-1.26), P-value 0.02, FDR 0.19]. CONCLUSION After examining a large, population-based cohort for PCa diagnosis, we identified dietary total fat and certain fatty acids as associated with increased risk of PCa. We found no factors that were protective from PCa. Dietary modification of fatty acid intake may reduce risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Osamah Al-Bayati
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Martin Goros
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Ullevig
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Denise O'Keefe
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dean Bacich
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Brandi Weaver
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Cell and Structural biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Health, CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Joseph DB, Chandrashekar AS, Chu LF, Thomson JA, Vezina CM. A folic acid-enriched diet attenuates prostate involution in response to androgen deprivation. Prostate 2019; 79:183-194. [PMID: 30298636 PMCID: PMC6420320 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum folate concentrations in the United States have risen since dietary folic acid fortification was first mandated in 1998. Although maternal folic acid offers protection against neural tube defects in conceptuses, its impact on other organ systems and life stages have not been fully examined. Here, we used a mouse model to investigate the impact of a Folic acid (FA) enriched diet on prostate homeostasis and response to androgen deprivation. METHODS Male mice were fed a control diet (4 mg FA/kg feed) or a folic acid supplemented diet (24 mg FA/kg feed) beginning at conception and continuing through early adulthood, when mice were castrated. RESULTS We made the surprising observation that dietary FA supplementation confers partial resistance to castration-mediated prostate involution. At 3, 10, and 14 days post-castration, FA enriched diet fed mice had larger prostates as assessed by wet weight, taller prostatic luminal epithelial cells, and more abundant RNAs encoding prostate secretory proteins than castrated control diet fed mice. Diet did not significantly affect prostate weights of intact mice or serum testosterone concentrations of castrated mice. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the FA enriched diet was associated with a unique prostate gene expression signature, affecting several signaling and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Continuous exposure to a FA enriched diet slows prostate involution in response to androgen deprivation. Prostates from FA diet mice have increased secretory gene expression and increased luminal cell heights. The influence of dietary FA supplementation on the prostate response to androgen deprivation raises a future need to consider how dietary folic acid supplementation affects efficacy of androgen-reducing therapies for treating prostate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya B Joseph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anoop S Chandrashekar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding author Correspondence: Chad M Vezina, Room 201 Hanson Labs, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Phone: 608-890-3235,
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Schneider L, Su LJ, Arab L, Bensen JT, Farnan L, Fontham ETH, Song L, Hussey J, Merchant AT, Mohler JL, Steck SE. Dietary patterns based on the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet are inversely associated with high aggressive prostate cancer in PCaP. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 29:16-22.e1. [PMID: 30268488 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several foods and nutrients have been linked to the development of prostate cancer, but the association between healthy dietary patterns and prostate cancer aggressiveness is less studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores and prostate cancer aggressiveness by race. METHODS Data from the population-based, case-only North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) were used to examine the association between diet quality, measured by MED and DASH scores, and prostate cancer aggressiveness in 1899 African American (AA) and European American (EA) research subjects. Dietary intake was assessed using a modified National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for high versus low-intermediate aggressive prostate cancer. RESULTS Higher MED scores were inversely associated with high aggressive prostate cancer overall (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95 for high versus low scores); results were similar for AA and EA men. A weaker inverse association between DASH scores and prostate cancer aggressiveness was found (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.06). CONCLUSIONS Higher diet quality, as represented by a Mediterranean-style diet or DASH diet, may reduce the odds of high aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - L Joseph Su
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute and College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Laura Farnan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lixin Song
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James Hussey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
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You W, Henneberg M. Prostate Cancer Incidence is Correlated to Total Meat Intake– a Cross-National Ecologic Analysis of 172 Countries. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2229-2239. [PMID: 30139230 PMCID: PMC6171413 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association of total meat (animal flesh) consumption to prostate cancer incidence (PC61) at population level. Subjects and Methods: Data from 172 countries were extracted for analysis. Associations between country specific per capita total meat intake and PC61 incidence at country level were examined using Pearson’s r and Spearman rho, partial correlation, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses with ageing, GDP, Is (index of magnitude of prostate cancer gene accumulation at population level), obesity prevalence and urbanization included as the confounding factors. Countries were also grouped for regional association analysis. The data were log-transformed for analysis in SPSS. Microsoft Excel, and ANOVA Post hoc Scheffe tests were applied to calculate and compare mean differences between country groupings. Results: Worldwide, total meat intake was strongly and positively associated with PC61 incidence in Pearson’s r (r= 0.595, p<0.001) and Spearman rho (r= 0.637, p<0.001) analyses. This relationship remained significant in partial correlation (r= 0.295, p<0.001) when ageing, GDP, Is, obesity prevalence and urbanization were kept statistically constant. GDP was weakly and insignificantly associated with PC61 when total meat intake was kept statistically constant. Stepwise multiple linear regression identified that total meat was a significant predictor of PC61 with total meat intake and all the five confounders included as the independent variables (R2=0.417). Post hoc Scheffe tests revealed nine significant mean differences of PC61 between the six WHO regions, but all disappeared when the contributing effect of total meat on PC61 incidence rate was removed. GDP was not identified as the statistically significant predictor of PC61 in either of the models including or excluding total meat as the independent variable. Conclusions: Total meat intake is an independent predictor of PC61 worldwide, and the determinant of regional variation of PC61. The longitudinal cohort studies are proposed to explore the association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng You
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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17
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Di Sebastiano KM, Pinthus JH, Duivenvoorden WCM, Mourtzakis M. Glucose impairments and insulin resistance in prostate cancer: the role of obesity, nutrition and exercise. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1008-1016. [PMID: 29573216 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia, obesity and related metabolic diseases are associated with prostate cancer development. Prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, while pre-existing metabolic conditions may be exacerbated. PURPOSE An integrative approach is used to describe the interactions between insulin, glucose metabolism, obesity and prostate cancer. The potential role of nutrition and exercise will also be examined. FINDINGS Hyperinsulinemia is associated with prostate cancer development, progression and aggressiveness. Prostate cancer patients who undergo ADT are at risk of diabetes in survivorship. It is unclear whether this is a direct result of treatment or related to pre-existing metabolic features (e.g. hyperinsulinemia and obesity). Obesity and metabolic syndrome are also associated with prostate cancer development and poorer outcomes for cancer survivors, which may be driven by hyperinsulinemia, pro-inflammation, hyperleptinemia and/or hypoadiponectinemia. CONCLUSIONS Independently evaluating changes in glucose metabolism near the time of prostate cancer diagnosis and during long-term ADT treatment is important to distinguish their unique contributions to the development of metabolic disturbances. Integrative approaches, including metabolic, clinical and body composition measures, are needed to understand the role of adiposity and insulin resistance in prostate cancer and to develop effective nutrition and exercise interventions to improve secondary diseases in survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Di Sebastiano
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J H Pinthus
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - W C M Duivenvoorden
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Lin PH, Aronson W, Freedland SJ. An update of research evidence on nutrition and prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2017; 37:387-401. [PMID: 29103966 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of mortality in US and other countries. Preclinical and clinical studies have examined the role of nutrition and dietary intake on the incidence and progression of PCa with mixed results. OBJECTIVE The objective of this chapter is to provide an update of recent published literature and highlight progress in the field. MAIN FINDINGS Low carbohydrate intake, soy protein, ω3 fat, green teas, tomatoes and tomato products and the herbal mixture-zyflamend showed promise in reducing PCa risk or progression. On the contrary, a higher animal fat intake and a higher β-carotene status may increase risk. A "U" shape relationship may exist between folate, vitamin C, vitamin D and calcium with PCa risk. Conclusion Despite the inconclusive findings, the potential for a role of dietary intake for the prevention and treatment of PCa remains promising. Maintaining a healthy body weight and following a healthy dietary pattern including antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables, reduced animal fat and refined carbohydrates, should be encouraged. CONCLUSION Despite the inconclusive findings, the potential for a role of dietary intake for the prevention and treatment of PCa remains promising. Maintaining a healthy body weight and following a healthy dietary pattern including antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables, reduced animal fat and refined carbohydrates, should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - William Aronson
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Chang KM, Hess JJ, Balbus JM, Buonocore JJ, Cleveland DA, Grabow ML, Neff R, Saari RK, Tessum CW, Wilkinson P, Woodward A, Ebi KL. Ancillary health effects of climate mitigation scenarios as drivers of policy uptake: a review of air quality, transportation and diet co-benefits modeling studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2017; 12:113001. [PMID: 38605885 PMCID: PMC11007749 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8f7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Significant mitigation efforts beyond the Nationally Determined Commitments (NDCs) coming out of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement are required to avoid warming of 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures. Health co-benefits represent selected near term, positive consequences of climate policies that can offset mitigation costs in the short term before the beneficial impacts of those policies on the magnitude of climate change are evident. The diversity of approaches to modeling mitigation options and their health effects inhibits meta-analyses and syntheses of results useful in policy-making. Methods/Design We evaluated the range of methods and choices in modeling health co-benefits of climate mitigation to identify opportunities for increased consistency and collaboration that could better inform policy-making. We reviewed studies quantifying the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation related to air quality, transportation, and diet published since the 2009 Lancet Commission 'Managing the health effects of climate change' through January 2017. We documented approaches, methods, scenarios, health-related exposures, and health outcomes. Results/Synthesis Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Air quality, transportation, and diet scenarios ranged from specific policy proposals to hypothetical scenarios, and from global recommendations to stakeholder-informed local guidance. Geographic and temporal scope as well as validity of scenarios determined policy relevance. More recent studies tended to use more sophisticated methods to address complexity in the relevant policy system. Discussion Most studies indicated significant, nearer term, local ancillary health benefits providing impetus for policy uptake and net cost savings. However, studies were more suited to describing the interaction of climate policy and health and the magnitude of potential outcomes than to providing specific accurate estimates of health co-benefits. Modeling the health co-benefits of climate policy provides policy-relevant information when the scenarios are reasonable, relevant, and thorough, and the model adequately addresses complexity. Greater consistency in selected modeling choices across the health co-benefits of climate mitigation research would facilitate evaluation of mitigation options particularly as they apply to the NDCs and promote policy uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Chang
- University of Washington Center for Health and the Global Environment, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J Hess
- University of Washington Center for Health and the Global Environment, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - John M Balbus
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jonathan J Buonocore
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center 4th Floor, Suite 415, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - David A Cleveland
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Maggie L Grabow
- Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1100 Delaplaine Ct, Madison, WI 53715, United States of America
| | - Roni Neff
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | - Paul Wilkinson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kristie L Ebi
- LLC, ClimAdapt, 424 Tyndall Street, Los Altos, CA 94022, United States of America
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Hossein Davoodi S, Jamshidi-Naeini Y, Esmaeili S, Sohrabvandi S, Mortazavian AM. The Dual Nature of Iron in Relation to Cancer: A Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Evidence for Masturbation and Prostate Cancer Risk: Do We Have a Verdict? Sex Med Rev 2016; 4:229-234. [PMID: 27871956 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men and remains one of the most diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Ongoing public health efforts continue to promote protective factors, such as diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle modifications, against PCa development. Masturbation is a nearly universal safe sexual activity that transcends societal boundaries and geography yet continues to be met with stigma and controversy in contemporary society. Although previous studies have examined associations between sexual activity and PCa risk, anecdotal relations have been suggested regarding masturbation practice and PCa risk. AIM To provide a summary of the published literature and examine the contemporary evidence for relations between masturbation practice and PCa risk. METHODS A survey of the current literature using seven academic electronic databases was conducted using search terms and key words associated with masturbation practice and PCa risk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The practice of masturbation and its relation to PCa risk. RESULTS The literature search identified study samples (n = 16) published before October 2015. Sample inclusions varied by study type, sample size, and primary objective. Protective relations (n = 7) between ejaculation through masturbation and PCa risk were reported by 44% of the study sample. Age range emerged as a significant variable in the relation between masturbation and PCa. CONCLUSION Findings included relations among masturbation, ejaculation frequency, and age range as individual factors of PCa risk. No universally accepted themes were identified across the study sample. Throughout the sample, there was insufficient agreement in survey design and data reporting. Potential avenues for new research include frequency of ejaculation and age range as covarying factors that could lead to more definitive statements about masturbation practice and PCa risk.
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Menichetti J, Villa S, Magnani T, Avuzzi B, Bosetti D, Marenghi C, Morlino S, Rancati T, Van Poppel H, Salvioni R, Valdagni R, Bellardita L. Lifestyle interventions to improve the quality of life of men with prostate cancer: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:13-22. [PMID: 27931831 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving quality of life is a key issue for patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Lifestyle interventions could positively impact the quality of life of patients. However, there is no clear-cut understanding of the role of diet, exercise and risky behaviour reduction in improving the quality of life of men with PCa. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize randomized controlled trials on lifestyle in PCa patients with quality of life as main outcome. 17 trials were included. Most of them referred to exercise interventions (71%) and involved men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (47%). Exercise studies yielded the greater amount of positive results on quality of life outcomes (67%), followed by dietary interventions (50%) and combined lifestyle interventions (33%). In particular, supervised exercise programs with resistance training sessions were the ones producing greater convincing evidence for benefits on quality of life. Further studies with high methodological quality providing adequate information to develop evidence-based, personalized lifestyle interventions that can effectively ameliorate PCa-related quality of life are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Menichetti
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; Dept. of Psychology, Università Cattolica, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Villa
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Magnani
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Avuzzi
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Bosetti
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Marenghi
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Morlino
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Hein Van Poppel
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Urology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto Salvioni
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valdagni
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; Dept. of Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Bellardita
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Zegelbone PM, Reljic T, Wilson D, Mhaskar R, Miladinovic B, Kumar A, Djulbegovic B. Chemoprevention agents for prostate cancer. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Zegelbone
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine - Lehigh Valley Health Network SELECT Program; Evidence Based Medicine; 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC54 Tampa Florida USA 33647
| | - Tea Reljic
- University of South Florida; Center for Evidence Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research; 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC27 Tampa Florida USA 33612
| | - Danyell Wilson
- Bowie State University; Natural Science; Baltimore Maryland USA 220715
| | - Rahul Mhaskar
- University of South Florida; Center for Evidence Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research; 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC27 Tampa Florida USA 33612
| | - Branko Miladinovic
- University of South Florida; Center for Evidence Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research; 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC27 Tampa Florida USA 33612
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- University of South Florida; Center for Evidence Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research; 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC27 Tampa Florida USA 33612
| | - Benjamin Djulbegovic
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Division of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida; Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Tampa Florida USA
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Chen C, Zhang LG, Liu J, Han H, Chen N, Yao AL, Kang SS, Gao WX, Shen H, Zhang LJ, Li YP, Cao FH, Li ZG. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in prostate cancer based on proteomics data. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1545-57. [PMID: 27051295 PMCID: PMC4803245 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We mined the literature for proteomics data to examine the occurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) through a bioinformatics analysis. We divided the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) into two groups: the group consisting of PCa and benign tissues (P&b) and the group presenting both high and low PCa metastatic tendencies (H&L). In the P&b group, we found 320 DEPs, 20 of which were reported more than three times, and DES was the most commonly reported. Among these DEPs, the expression levels of FGG, GSN, SERPINC1, TPM1, and TUBB4B have not yet been correlated with PCa. In the H&L group, we identified 353 DEPs, 13 of which were reported more than three times. Among these DEPs, MDH2 and MYH9 have not yet been correlated with PCa metastasis. We further confirmed that DES was differentially expressed between 30 cancer and 30 benign tissues. In addition, DEPs associated with protein transport, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction pathway were prevalent in the H&L group and have not yet been studied in detail in this context. Proteins related to homeostasis, the wound-healing response, focal adhesions, and the complement and coagulation pathways were overrepresented in both groups. Our findings suggest that the repeatedly reported DEPs in the two groups may function as potential biomarkers for detecting PCa and predicting its aggressiveness. Furthermore, the implicated biological processes and signaling pathways may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCa carcinogenesis and metastasis and provide new targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Liang Yao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-San Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xing Gao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Peng Li
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
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A critical examination of the available data sources for estimating meat and protein consumption in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1358-67. [PMID: 26573136 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the methods, strengths and limitations of available data sources for estimating US meat and protein consumption in order to facilitate accurate interpretations and applications. DESIGN We examined agricultural supply and dietary intake databases from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the US Department of Health and Human Services and the FAO to describe their methodology and to report the most recent estimates for meat and protein consumption. RESULTS Together, loss-adjusted agricultural supply data and dietary recall data provide the best available estimates of US consumption; the most recent sources indicated that US citizens (ages 2 years and over) consume 4·4-5·9 oz (125·9-166·5 g) of total meat and 6·2-7·4 oz-eq (175·2-209·4 g-eq) from the USDA Protein Foods Group per day. Meat constitutes the majority of intake within the Protein Foods Group, and red meat and processed meat constitute the majority of total meat intake. Nutrient supply data indicate that total meat represents an estimated 43·1 % of the total protein available in the US food supply, but without any loss-adjusted nutrient data, per capita protein intake is best estimated by dietary recall data to be 79·9 g/d. CONCLUSIONS In order to address public health concerns related to excess meat and/or protein consumption, practitioners, educators and researchers must appropriately use available data sources in order to accurately report consumption at the population level. Implications for comparing these estimates with various recommended intakes are discussed.
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Niclis C, Román MD, Osella AR, Eynard AR, Díaz MDP. Traditional Dietary Pattern Increases Risk of Prostate Cancer in Argentina: Results of a Multilevel Modeling and Bias Analysis from a Case-Control Study. J Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 2015:179562. [PMID: 26649040 PMCID: PMC4663343 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dietary habits play a role in prostate cancer (PC) occurrence. Argentinean cancer risk studies require additional attention because of the singular dietary pattern of this population. A case-control study (147 PC cases, 300 controls) was conducted in Córdoba (Argentina) throughout 2008-2013. A principal component factor analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. A mixed logistic regression model was applied, taking into account family history of cancer. Possible bias was evaluated by probabilistic bias analysis. Four dietary patterns were identified: Traditional (fatty red meats, offal, processed meat, starchy vegetables, added sugars and sweets, candies, fats, and vegetable oils), Prudent (nonstarchy vegetables, whole grains), Carbohydrate (sodas/juices and bakery products), and Cheese (cheeses). High adherence to the Traditional (OR 2.82, 95%CI: 1.569-5.099) and Carbohydrate Patterns (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.470-3.128) showed a promoting effect for PC, whereas the Prudent and Cheese Patterns were independent factors. PC occurrence was also associated with family history of PC. Bias adjusted ORs indicate that the validity of the present study is acceptable. High adherence to characteristic Argentinean dietary patterns was associated with increased PC risk. Our results incorporate original contributions to knowledge about scenarios in South American dietary patterns and PC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Niclis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D. Román
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alberto R. Osella
- Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “Saverio de Bellis”, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo R. Eynard
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María del Pilar Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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Hackshaw-McGeagh LE, Perry RE, Leach VA, Qandil S, Jeffreys M, Martin RM, Lane JA. A systematic review of dietary, nutritional, and physical activity interventions for the prevention of prostate cancer progression and mortality. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1521-50. [PMID: 26354897 PMCID: PMC4596907 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the long-term, although potentially fatal, nature of prostate cancer, there is increasing observational evidence for the reduction in disease progression and mortality through changes in lifestyle factors. METHODS We systematically reviewed dietary, nutritional, and physical activity randomized interventions aimed at modifying prostate cancer progression and disease-specific mortality, including a detailed assessment of risk of bias and methodological quality. RESULTS Forty-four randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions, with prostate cancer progression or mortality outcomes, were identified. Substantial heterogeneity of the data prevented a meta-analysis. The included trials involved 3,418 prostate cancer patients, median 64 men per trial, from 13 countries. A trial of a nutritional supplement of pomegranate seed, green tea, broccoli, and turmeric; a trial comparing flaxseed, low-fat diet, flaxseed, and low-fat diet versus usual diet; and a trial supplementing soy, lycopene, selenium, and coenzyme Q10, all demonstrated beneficial effects. These trials were also assessed as having low risk of bias and high methodological quality (as were seven other trials with no evidence of benefit). The remaining trials were either underpowered, at high or unclear risk of bias, inadequately reported, of short duration or measured surrogate outcomes of unproven relationship to mortality or disease progression, which precluded any benefits reported being reliable. CONCLUSION Large, well-designed randomized trials with clinical endpoints are recommended for lifestyle modification interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Hackshaw-McGeagh
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutritional Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK.
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Rachel E Perry
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutritional Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Verity A Leach
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Collaborative Leadership for Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) West, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Sara Qandil
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Mona Jeffreys
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutritional Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutritional Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
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Tamma SM, Shorter B, Toh KL, Moldwin R, Gordon B. Influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on urologic inflammation. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1753-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lavender N, Hein DW, Brock G, Kidd LCR. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Response Related Genetic Variants, Pro-oxidants, Antioxidants and Prostate Cancer. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2015; 2:271-294. [PMID: 26636131 PMCID: PMC4664461 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2015.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and detoxification mechanisms have been commonly studied in Prostate Cancer (PCa) due to their function in the detoxification of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carcinogens. However, findings have been either inconsistent or inconclusive. These mixed findings may, in part, relate to failure to consider interactions among oxidative stress response related genetic variants along with pro- and antioxidant factors. Methods We examined the effects of 33 genetic and 26 environmental oxidative stress and defense factors on PCa risk and disease aggressiveness among 2,286 men from the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility project (1,175 cases, 1,111 controls). Single and joint effects were analyzed using a comprehensive statistical approach involving logistic regression, multi-dimensionality reduction, and entropy graphs. Results Inheritance of one CYP2C8 rs7909236 T or two SOD2 rs2758331 A alleles was linked to a 1.3- and 1.4-fold increase in risk of developing PCa, respectively (p-value = 0.006–0.013). Carriers of CYP1B1 rs1800440GG, CYP2C8 rs1058932TC and, NAT2 (rs1208GG, rs1390358CC, rs7832071TT) genotypes were associated with a 1.3 to 2.2-fold increase in aggressive PCa [p-value = 0.04–0.001, FDR 0.088–0.939]. We observed a 23% reduction in aggressive disease linked to inheritance of one or more NAT2 rs4646247 A alleles (p = 0.04, FDR = 0.405). Only three NAT2 sequence variants remained significant after adjusting for multiple hypotheses testing, namely NAT2 rs1208, rs1390358, and rs7832071. Lastly, there were no significant gene-environment or gene-gene interactions associated with PCa outcomes. Conclusions Variations in genes involved in oxidative stress and defense pathways may modify PCa. Our findings do not firmly support the role of oxidative stress genetic variants combined with lifestyle/environmental factors as modifiers of PCa and disease progression. However, additional multi-center studies poised to pool genetic and environmental data are needed to make strong conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lavender
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - La Creis R Kidd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Antwi S, Steck SE, Su LJ, Hebert JR, Zhang H, Fontham ETH, Smith G, Bensen JT, Mohler JL, Arab L. Dietary, supplement, and adipose tissue tocopherol levels in relation to prostate cancer aggressiveness among African and European Americans: The North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). Prostate 2015; 75:1419-35. [PMID: 26053590 PMCID: PMC5072779 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversies remain over the safety and efficacy of vitamin E (i.e., α-tocopherol) supplementation use for the prevention of prostate cancer (CaP); however, associations of different tocopherol forms and CaP aggressiveness have yet to be examined. METHODS This study examined whether food intake of tocopherols, vitamin E supplement use, and adipose tissue biomarkers of tocopherol were associated with CaP aggressiveness among African-American (AA, n = 1,023) and European-American (EA, n = 1,079) men diagnosed with incident CaP. Dietary tocopherols were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire, supplement use from questionnaire/inventory, and biomarkers from abdominal adipose samples measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated from logistic regression comparing high-aggressive CaP to low/intermediate aggressive CaP, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Dietary intakes of α-and δ-tocopherol were related inversely to CaP aggressiveness among EAs [OR (95%CI), highest versus lowest quartile: α-tocopherol, 0.34 (0.17-0.69), P(trend) = 0.006; δ-tocopherol, 0.45 (0.21-0.95) P(trend) = 0.007]. Inverse associations between dietary and supplemental α-tocopherol and CaP aggressiveness were observed among AAs, though these did not reach statistical significance [OR (95%CI), highest versus lowest quartile: dietary α-tocopherol, 0.58 (0.28-1.19), P(trend) = 0.20; supplemental α-tocopherol, 0.64 (0.31-1.21) P(trend) = 0.15]. No significant association was observed between adipose tocopherol levels and CaP aggressiveness [OR (95%CI), highest versus lowest quartiles of α-tocopherol for EAs 1.43 (0.66-3.11) and AAs 0.66 (0.27-1.62)]. CONCLUSIONS The inverse associations observed between dietary sources of tocopherols and CaP aggressiveness suggests a beneficial role of food sources of these tocopherols in CaP aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Antwi
- Division of Epidemiology, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - L. Joseph Su
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - James R. Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Gary Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James L. Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Amiri M, Diekmann L, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Naim HY. The Diverse Forms of Lactose Intolerance and the Putative Linkage to Several Cancers. Nutrients 2015; 7:7209-30. [PMID: 26343715 PMCID: PMC4586527 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is a membrane glycoprotein and the only β-galactosidase of the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium. Besides active transcription, expression of the active LPH requires different maturation steps of the polypeptide through the secretory pathway, including N- and O-glycosylation, dimerization and proteolytic cleavage steps. The inability to digest lactose due to insufficient lactase activity results in gastrointestinal symptoms known as lactose intolerance. In this review, we will concentrate on the structural and functional features of LPH protein and summarize the cellular and molecular mechanism required for its maturation and trafficking. Then, different types of lactose intolerance are discussed, and the molecular aspects of lactase persistence/non-persistence phenotypes are investigated. Finally, we will review the literature focusing on the lactase persistence/non-persistence populations as a comparative model in order to determine the protective or adverse effects of milk and dairy foods on the incidence of colorectal, ovarian and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lena Diekmann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
- The Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Hilal L, Shahait M, Mukherji D, Charafeddine M, Farhat Z, Temraz S, Khauli R, Shamseddine A. Prostate Cancer in the Arab World: A View From the Inside. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 13:505-11. [PMID: 26149392 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rates of prostate cancer vary by more than 50-fold across different international populations. The aim of this review was to explore the differences in epidemiology and risk factors between the Middle Eastern Arab countries and some of the developed countries in Europe and North America. The age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer in the Arab countries is still lower than that in the Western countries, but is steadily increasing with time. Several factors come into play to explain this difference. There are health care systems-related factors such as the lack of good population-based registries, and population-related factors. The latter include the relatively young age structure in the Arab countries, lower reported androgen and prostate-specific antigen levels in Arab men, the effect of genetic differences on prostate cancer risk, the metabolic syndrome paradox, and the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on a subset of the Arab population. In conclusion, the study of prostate cancer in the Arab world represents a challenge with the currently available cancer care systems and the increase in the burden of the disease. A multinational prospective study to investigate the epidemiology of prostate cancer in the Middle East, with specific attention to country/geographic variability along with a comparative analysis to that of the Western hemisphere is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hilal
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Shahait
- Department of Urologic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Charafeddine
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zein Farhat
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Temraz
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raja Khauli
- Department of Urologic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Lemaître G, Martí R, Freixenet J, Vilanova JC, Walker PM, Meriaudeau F. Computer-Aided Detection and diagnosis for prostate cancer based on mono and multi-parametric MRI: a review. Comput Biol Med 2015; 60:8-31. [PMID: 25747341 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer of men all over the world. In the last few decades, new imaging techniques based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been developed to improve diagnosis. In practise, diagnosis can be affected by multiple factors such as observer variability and visibility and complexity of the lesions. In this regard, computer-aided detection and computer-aided diagnosis systems have been designed to help radiologists in their clinical practice. Research on computer-aided systems specifically focused for prostate cancer is a young technology and has been part of a dynamic field of research for the last 10 years. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in this lapse of time, focusing on the different stages composing the work-flow of a computer-aided system. We also provide a comparison between studies and a discussion about the potential avenues for future research. In addition, this paper presents a new public online dataset which is made available to the research community with the aim of providing a common evaluation framework to overcome some of the current limitations identified in this survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lemaître
- LE2I-UMR CNRS 6306, Université de Bourgogne, 12 rue de la Fonderie, 71200 Le Creusot, France; ViCOROB, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Edifici P4, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Robert Martí
- ViCOROB, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Edifici P4, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Freixenet
- ViCOROB, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Edifici P4, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Joan C Vilanova
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Clínica Girona, Lorenzana 36, 17002 Girona, Spain
| | - Paul M Walker
- LE2I-UMR CNRS 6306, Université de Bourgogne, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Fabrice Meriaudeau
- LE2I-UMR CNRS 6306, Université de Bourgogne, 12 rue de la Fonderie, 71200 Le Creusot, France.
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Lin PH, Aronson W, Freedland SJ. Nutrition, dietary interventions and prostate cancer: the latest evidence. BMC Med 2015; 13:3. [PMID: 25573005 PMCID: PMC4286914 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of mortality in US men and the prevalence continues to rise world-wide especially in countries where men consume a 'Western-style' diet. Epidemiologic, preclinical and clinical studies suggest a potential role for dietary intake on the incidence and progression of PCa. 'This minireview provides an overview of recent published literature with regard to nutrients, dietary factors, dietary patterns and PCa incidence and progression. Low carbohydrates intake, soy protein, omega-3 (w-3) fat, green teas, tomatoes and tomato products and zyflamend showed promise in reducing PCa risk or progression. A higher saturated fat intake and a higher β-carotene status may increase risk. A 'U' shape relationship may exist between folate, vitamin C, vitamin D and calcium with PCa risk. Despite the inconsistent and inconclusive findings, the potential for a role of dietary intake for the prevention and treatment of PCa is promising. The combination of all the beneficial factors for PCa risk reduction in a healthy dietary pattern may be the best dietary advice. This pattern includes rich fruits and vegetables, reduced refined carbohydrates, total and saturated fats, and reduced cooked meats. Further carefully designed prospective trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3487, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - William Aronson
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Urology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Urology, Durham, NC USA
- Duke Prostate Center, Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
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The role of dietary fat throughout the prostate cancer trajectory. Nutrients 2014; 6:6095-109. [PMID: 25533015 PMCID: PMC4277017 DOI: 10.3390/nu6126095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed world-wide; however, patients demonstrate exceptionally high survival rates. Many lifestyle factors, including obesity and diet, are considered risk factors for advanced prostate cancer. Dietary fat is a fundamental contributor to obesity and may be specifically important for prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer treatment can result in changes in body composition, affecting quality of life for survivors by increasing the risk of co-morbidities, like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We aim to examine dietary fat throughout the prostate cancer treatment trajectory, including risk, cancer development and survivorship. Focusing on one specific nutrient throughout the prostate cancer trajectory provides a unique perspective of dietary fat in prostate cancer and the mechanisms that may exacerbate prostate cancer risk, progression and recurrence. Through this approach, we noted that high intake of dietary fat, especially, high intake of animal and saturated fats, may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. In contrast, a low-fat diet, specifically low in saturated fat, may be beneficial for prostate cancer survivors by reducing tumor angiogenesis and cancer recurrence. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/Akt signaling pathway appears to be the key pathway moderating dietary fat intake and prostate cancer development and progression.
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Elabbady A, Eid A, Fahmy A, Kotb AF. Pattern of prostate cancer presentation among the Egyptian population: A study in a single tertiary care center. Cent European J Urol 2014; 67:351-6. [PMID: 25667753 PMCID: PMC4310882 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2014.04.art7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a common health problem that in the majority of cases starts to develop at the age of 50 years, reaching its peak at 60-70 years of age. A variation in its incidence and prevalence exists between western, Asian and Arabic populations. The aim of our work was to report the pattern of prostate cancer presentation in Alexandria University that as a tertiary referral center provides care for uro-oncology cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data collection for all patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at Alexandria University in Egypt through the year 2012 was done. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 67. Mean serum total PSA, prostate volume and PSAd were 149 ng/ml, 63 grams and 3.1 ng/ml/gm respectively. 25% of patients were asymptomatic diagnosed accidentally during screening for prostate cancer. The remaining group was presenting with LUTS, including 23 patients who presented initially with back pain. CONCLUSIONS Egyptian men with prostate cancer have a markedly high PSA density and Gleason grade at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elabbady
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eid
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fahmy
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fouad Kotb
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
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O’Neil A, Itsiopoulos C, Skouteris H, Opie RS, McPhie S, Hill B, Jacka FN. Preventing mental health problems in offspring by targeting dietary intake of pregnant women. BMC Med 2014; 12:208. [PMID: 25394602 PMCID: PMC4231189 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of 'early life programming' considers the importance of very early environmental exposures throughout the gestational period on the subsequent health outcomes of offspring. The role of maternal dietary intake, specifically, has been highlighted after recent studies have shown maternal diet quality to predict mental health problems in offspring. Even in the pre-conception period, maternal nutrition can have permanent and sustained phenotypic consequences for offspring. DISCUSSION Here, we consider these findings in the context of the primary prevention of mental disorders and argue that interventions that target maternal diet could be of significant value. SUMMARY It is clear that, in order to reduce the burden of mental health issues across the lifespan, urgent action is required, particularly in the field of prevention. We thus call for the application and evaluation of targeted, primary prevention strategies that focus on dietary intake with the view to improve mental health outcomes of mothers and offspring during the postnatal period and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne O’Neil
- />IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
- />School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 89 Commercial Road; Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- />Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- />School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Rachelle S Opie
- />Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Skye McPhie
- />School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- />School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- />IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
- />Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050 Australia
- />Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Rd, Randwick, NSW 2013 Australia
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Horwood JP, Avery KNL, Metcalfe C, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Neal DE, Lane JA. Men's knowledge and attitudes towards dietary prevention of a prostate cancer diagnosis: a qualitative study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:812. [PMID: 25374269 PMCID: PMC4232627 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) incidence and progression may be influenced by dietary factors, but little is known about the acceptability of dietary modification to men at increased risk of PC. Qualitative interviews with men participating in the ProDiet study were undertaken to explore the feasibility of implementing dietary interventions for the prevention of prostate cancer. Methods An interview study nested within the ProDiet randomised feasibility trial of dietary interventions to prevent a PC diagnosis. Men (n = 133) who previously participated in community based prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing without PC but who were at increased risk of the disease were randomly allocation to both lycopene (lycopene or placebo capsules or lycopene rich diet) and green tea (green tea or placebo capsules or green tea drink) for 6 months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants shortly after randomisation, to investigate attitudes towards dietary modification for PC prevention and dietary information. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed to identify common themes. Results Interviews were conducted with 21 participants aged 52-72 years with PSA levels between 2.5 and 2.95 ng/ml, or a negative prostate biopsy result. Most men identified the major causes of cancer in general to include diet, environment, ageing and genetic factors. This contrasted sharply with men’s uncertainty about PC aetiology, and the function of the prostate. Men were confused by conflicting messages in the media about dietary practices to promote health overall, but were positive about the potential of lycopene and green tea in relation to PC prevention, valuing their natural components. Furthermore these men wanted tailored dietary advice for PC prevention from their clinicians, whom they considered a trusted source of information. Conclusion Men at elevated risk of PC reported uncertainty about PC aetiology and the role of diet in PC prevention, but enthusiasm for dietary modifications that were perceived as ‘simple’ and ‘natural’. The men looked to clinicians to provide consistent disease specific dietary advice. These factors should be taken into consideration by clinicians discussing elevated PSA results with patients and those planning to embark on future trials investigating dietary modification interventions for the prevention of a PC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Horwood
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK.
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Dueregger A, Heidegger I, Ofer P, Perktold B, Ramoner R, Klocker H, Eder IE. The use of dietary supplements to alleviate androgen deprivation therapy side effects during prostate cancer treatment. Nutrients 2014; 6:4491-519. [PMID: 25338271 PMCID: PMC4210931 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of male cancer death in Western societies, is typically androgen-dependent, a characteristic that underlies the rationale of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Approximately 90% of patients initially respond to ADT strategies, however many experience side effects including hot flashes, cardiotoxicity, metabolic and musculoskeletal alterations. This review summarizes pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the ability of dietary supplements to alleviate adverse effects arising from ADT. In particular, we focus on herbal compounds, phytoestrogens, selenium (Se), fatty acids (FA), calcium, and Vitamins D and E. Indeed, there is some evidence that calcium and Vitamin D can prevent the development of osteoporosis during ADT. On the other hand, caution should be taken with the antioxidants Se and Vitamin E until the basis underlying their respective association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PCa tumor development has been clarified. However, many other promising supplements have not yet been subjected large-scale clinical trials making it difficult to assess their efficacy. Given the demographic trend of increased PCa diagnoses and dependence on ADT as a major therapeutic strategy, further studies are required to objectively evaluate these supplements as adjuvant for PCa patients receiving ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dueregger
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria.
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria.
| | - Philipp Ofer
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria.
| | - Bernhard Perktold
- Department of Dietetics, University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Reinhold Ramoner
- Department of Dietetics, University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria.
| | - Iris E Eder
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Although some nutrients have been linked to the development of total prostate cancer, it remains unclear whether these nutrients modulate the risk of its clinically significant form - advanced tumor. Therefore, this study sought to perform a systematic review of the literature on this topic. The papers reviewed were identified from PubMed using keywords diet and advanced, metastatic, or lethal prostate cancer. A total of 46 papers published until September 2012 met our eligibility criteria and thus were evaluated in this review. Epidemiologic studies have shown that, overall, the habitual consumption of a diet high in saturated fat, well-done meats, and calcium is associated with an increased risk for advanced prostate cancer. An inconsistent association was observed for intake of total meat, fruits, and vegetables. Although most case-control studies suggest that intake of these nutrients or foods significantly alters advanced prostate cancer risk, cohort studies yielded mixed results. No apparent effect of fish and zinc intake on advanced prostate cancer was found in most epidemiologic studies. Epidemiologic studies conducted to date have revealed that some dietary factors modulate the risk for advanced prostate cancer. If these findings are confirmed by more adequately powered epidemiologic studies, especially prospective cohort studies that measure the nutrients and their biochemical indicators, the risk of advanced prostate cancer, which is fatal and thus clinically significant, may be reduced by dietary modification or chemoprevention.
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Diggett B, Holzbeierlein J, Klemp J, Glennon C, Hamilton-Reeves JM. Patient-centered perspectives on the access to educational opportunities specific to lifestyle modification in men at risk for primary or secondary prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2014; 29:252-257. [PMID: 24214853 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-013-0583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Educating men at risk for primary or secondary prostate cancer on lifestyle modification may help prevent the development of the disease, reduce the risk of recurrence in those treated for cancer, and slow the progression of active disease. To date, substantial literature on male patient attitudes towards risk modification does not exist. In this project, we evaluate the attitudes and educational needs of men at high-risk for primary or secondary prostate cancer to assess the need for a dedicated clinic focused on education and prevention. Two clinic nurses administered surveys to 76 male patients seen at the University Kansas Cancer Center (KUCC) and Urology clinics. Survey responses showed the patients' perspectives and desire for more support and education regarding late effects of treatment, management of risk, and lifestyle modification. Findings from this survey inspired the establishment of the Burns & McDonnell High-Risk Prostate Cancer Prevention Program at KUCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Diggett
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Health Professions, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA,
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Klafke N, Eliott JA, Olver IN, Wittert GA. Australian men with cancer practice complementary therapies (CTs) as a coping strategy. Psychooncology 2014; 23:1236-42. [PMID: 24737651 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore how and why Australian men with cancer practice complementary therapies (CTs) and how their significant others (SOs) contribute to the regular uptake of CTs. METHODS This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 26 male cancer patients and 24 SOs. Participants were purposefully sampled from a preceding Australian survey investigating the use of CTs in men with cancer (94% response rate and 86% consent rate for follow-up interview). Interviews were conducted in a metropolitan location, and the 43 interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Three core themes were identified: men used CTs as (a) problem-focused coping (e.g., diet modification), (b) emotion-focused coping (e.g., meditation), and (c) meaning-based coping (e.g., prayer). Practicing CTs helped men to cope with physical, emotional, and spiritual concerns, although some men spoke of difficulties with practicing meditation to regulate their emotions. SOs were supportive of men's coping strategies but were only rarely involved in men's emotion-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS Complementary therapies have the potential to facilitate coping with cancer, independent of any measurable physiological benefit. Our findings suggest that when clinicians engage in conversations about CTs use, they should consider the type of coping strategy employed by their patient. Such information may enhance the efficacy of some interventions (e.g., meditation) and also provide for an opportunity to discuss patients' expectations concerning CTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Klafke
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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44
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Vostalova J, Vidlar A, Ulrichova J, Vrbkova J, Simanek V, Student V. Use of selenium-silymarin mix reduces lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate specific antigen in men. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 21:75-81. [PMID: 24012146 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was to assess the effects of a combination of selenium and silymarin in men with lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia and a prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≤2.5ng/ml. The volunteers were randomized to two groups: the first one (n=26) received 240μg selenium (in the form of yeast l-selenomethionine) plus 570mg silymarin daily for 6 months and the second (n=29) received placebo. Outcome measures were changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), bladder volume (V), urinary flow rate, ultrasound estimated postvoid residual urine volume (RV), serum PSA, testosterone and selenium levels, safety clinical biochemistry, hematology and oxidative stress parameters at baseline and on day 180. The results showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between treatment and control groups for the following parameters: IPSS score, urodynamic parameters: maximal rate of urine flow (Qmax), average flow (Qave), V and RV, total PSA value and serum selenium levels. There was a significant reduction in PSA in the selenium-silymarin group but no effect on blood testosterone level. Overall the treatment was well-tolerated with no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
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Ax E, Garmo H, Grundmark B, Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Becker W, Zethelius B, Cederholm T, Sjögren P. Dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk: report from the population based ULSAM cohort study of Swedish men. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:77-87. [PMID: 24325263 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.851712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary pattern analyses have increased the possibilities to detect associations between diet and disease. However, studies on dietary pattern and prostate cancer are scarce. Food intake data in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men cohort was determined by 7-day food records. Adherence to a modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) and a low carbohydrate-high protein (LCHP) score were grouped as low, medium, or high in the whole study population (n = 1,044) and in those identified as adequate reporters of energy intake (n = 566), respectively. Prostate cancer risk was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard regression (median follow-up 13 years) and competing risk of death was considered. There were no associations between dietary patterns and prostate cancer (n = 133) in the whole study population. Among adequate reporters the mMDS was not associated with prostate cancer (n = 72). The LCHP score was inversely related to prostate cancer in adequate reporters, adjusted hazard ratios; 0.55 (0.32-0.96) for medium and 0.47 (0.21-1.04) for high compared to low adherent participants (P-for-trend 0.04). Risk relations were not attributable to competing risk of death. In this study, a LCHP diet was associated with lower prostate cancer incidence. Relations emerged in adequate reporters, underscoring the importance of high-quality dietary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ax
- a Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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46
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Van Hemelrijck M, Michaelsson K, Nelson WG, Kanarek N, Dobbs A, Platz EA, Rohrmann S. Association of serum calcium with serum sex steroid hormones in men in NHANES III. Aging Male 2013; 16:151-8. [PMID: 23672276 PMCID: PMC4005327 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2013.772133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a positive regulator of male fertility, which indicates a link between regulation of bone remodeling and reproduction or more specifically a link between calcium and androgens. This possibly suggests how calcium is linked to prostate cancer development through its link with the reproductive system. We studied serum calcium and sex steroid hormones in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). METHODS Serum calcium and sex steroid hormones were measured for 1262 men in NHANES III. We calculated multivariable-adjusted geometric means of serum concentrations of total and estimated free testosterone and estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide (AAG), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by categories of calcium (lowest 5% [<1.16 mmol/L], mid 90%, top 5% [≥1.30 mmol/L]). RESULTS Levels of total and free testosterone, total estradiol or AAG did not differ across categories of serum calcium. Adjusted SHBG concentrations were 36.4 for the bottom 5%, 34.2 for the mid 90% and 38.9 nmol/L for the top 5% of serum calcium (Ptrend = 0.006), free estradiol levels were 0.88, 0.92 and 0.80 pg/ml (Ptrend = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS This link between calcium and sex steroid hormones, in particular the U-shaped pattern with SHBG, may, in part, explain why observational studies have found a link between serum calcium and risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King’s College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, London, UK
| | - Karl Michaelsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William G Nelson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Oncology, Pathology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norma Kanarek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Dobbs
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- University of Zurich, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
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Parr K. Nutritional Management In Prostate Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118788707.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ifere GO, Desmond R, Demark-Wahnefried W, Nagy TR. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism influences aggressive behavior in prostate cancer cells by deregulating cholesterol homeostasis. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1002-10. [PMID: 23934233 PMCID: PMC3829771 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High circulating cholesterol and its deregulated homeostasis may facilitate prostate cancer progression. Genetic polymorphism in Apolipoprotein (Apo) E, a key cholesterol regulatory protein may effect changes in systemic cholesterol levels. In this investigation, we determined whether variants of the Apo E gene can trigger defective intracellular cholesterol efflux, which could promote aggressive prostate cancer. ApoE genotypes of weakly (non-aggressive), moderate and highly tumorigenic (aggressive) prostate cancer cell lines were characterized, and we explored whether the ApoE variants were associated with tumor aggressiveness generated by intra cellular cholesterol imbalance, using the expression of caveolin-1 (cav-1), a pro-malignancy surrogate of cholesterol overload. Restriction isotyping of ApoE isoforms revealed that the non-aggressive cell lines carried ApoE ε3/ε3 or ε3/ε4 alleles, while the aggressive cell lines carried the Apoε2/ε4 alleles. Our data suggest a contrast between the non-aggressive and the aggressive prostate cancer cell lines in the pattern of cholesterol efflux and cav-1 expression. Our exploratory results suggest a relationship between prostate aggressiveness, ApoE isoforms and cholesterol imbalance. Further investigation of this relationship may elucidate the molecular basis for considering cholesterol as a risk factor of aggressive prostate tumors, and underscore the potential of the dysfunctional ApoE2/E4 isoform as a biomarker of aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin O Ifere
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Kopp TI, Friis S, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Vogel U. Polymorphisms in genes related to inflammation, NSAID use, and the risk of prostate cancer among Danish men. Cancer Genet 2013; 206:266-78. [PMID: 23880210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of prostate cancer (PC) remains mostly unknown, but increasing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation in the prostate is associated with an increased risk of PC. Epidemiological studies have suggested that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may protect against PC. Inborn variations in genes involved in the inflammatory response may modulate the risk of PC and interact with NSAIDs. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate whether polymorphisms and haplotypes of the inflammation-related genes COX-2, Il1B, NFKB1, and PPARG are associated with risk of PC; 2) to investigate gene-environment interactions between polymorphisms and NSAID use; and 3) to examine whether the studied polymorphisms were associated with the aggressiveness of PC. The study population consisted of 370 cases of PC and 370 risk-set matched (age) controls nested within the prospective Danish "Diet, Cancer, and Health" cohort. Carriers of the variant deletion allele of NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG had a tendency toward a reduced risk of PC (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52-1.04). A lowered risk for PC was also found for carriers of variant allele NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG among non-users of NSAIDs (IRR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47-0.99), for non-aggressive disease (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42-0.99), and among men with a body mass index above 30 kg/m(2) (IRR 0.56; 95% CI 0.27-1.16), although the latter estimate was based on small numbers. A similar pattern was seen for the variant C allele of the COX-2 +8473T→C polymorphism. No apparent association with PC was observed for the other studied polymorphisms. Our study did not indicate that chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for aggressive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Iskov Kopp
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Søborg, Denmark; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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50
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Al-Abdin OZ, Rabah DM, Badr G, Kotb A, Aprikian A. Differences in prostate cancer detection between Canadian and Saudi populations. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:539-45. [PMID: 23802226 PMCID: PMC3854441 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have addressed racial differences in prostate cancer (PCa) detection
between Western and Arabian countries, although PCa has a significantly lower
prevalence in Arabic populations compared to Western populations. Therefore, an
explanation of this difference is lacking. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
is a valuable marker used to select patients who should undergo prostate
biopsies, although the manner in which it is used may require adjustments based
on the ethnic population in question. We investigated racial differences in the
PCa detection rate between Canadian and Saudi populations. A retrospective
analysis was performed of data collected prospectively over 5 consecutive years
in urology clinics at the McGill University Health Center (MUHC) and King Saud
University Hospital (KSUH). Men who had high (>4'ng/mL) or rising PSA levels
and a negative digital rectal examination were eligible. A total of 1403
Canadian and 414 Saudi patients were evaluated for the study; 717 and 158 men,
median age 64 and 68 years, were included in the MUHC and KSUH cohorts,
respectively, P<0.0001). Median serum PSA, prostate volume, and PSA density
values were 6.1'ng/mL, 47.3 g, and 0.12'ng·mL−1·g−1,
respectively, for MUHC patients and 5.2'ng/mL, 64.5'g, and
0.08'ng·mL−1·g−1, respectively, for KSUH patients
(P<0.0001, t-test followed by one-way ANOVA). In addition, the KSUH group had
a significantly lower PCa detection rate among patients younger than 60 years of
age and with PSA values <10'ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Z Al-Abdin
- King Saud University, Princess Al-Johara Al-Ibrahim Center for Cancer Research, Prostate Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, Prostate Cancer Research Chair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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