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Rath D, Rapp V, Schwartz J, Winter S, Emschermann F, Arnold D, Rheinlaender J, Büttcher M, Strebl M, Braun MB, Altgelt K, Uribe ÁP, Schories C, Canjuga D, Schaeffeler E, Borst O, Schäffer TE, Langer H, Stehle T, Schwab M, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Chatterjee M. Homophilic Interaction Between Transmembrane-JAM-A and Soluble JAM-A Regulates Thrombo-Inflammation: Implications for Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:445-461. [PMID: 35663628 PMCID: PMC9156439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition through F11R-single-nucleotide variation (SNV) influences circulatory soluble junctional adhesion molecule-A (sJAM-A) levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Homozygous carriers of the minor alleles (F11R-SNVs rs2774276, rs790056) show enhanced levels of thrombo-inflammatory sJAM-A. Both F11R-SNVs and sJAM-A are associated with worse prognosis for recurrent myocardial infarction in CAD patients. Platelet surface-associated JAM-A correlate with platelet activation markers in CAD patients. Activated platelets shed transmembrane-JAM-A, generating proinflammatory sJAM-A and JAM-A-bearing microparticles. Platelet transmembrane-JAM-A and sJAM-A as homophilic interaction partners exaggerate thrombotic and thrombo-inflammatory platelet monocyte interactions. Therapeutic strategies interfering with this homophilic interface may regulate thrombotic and thrombo-inflammatory platelet response in cardiovascular pathologies where circulatory sJAM-A levels are elevated.
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Key Words
- ACM, all-cause mortality
- ACS, acute coronary syndrome
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CCS, chronic coronary syndrome
- CE, combined endpoint
- HC, homozygous carriers
- IS, ischemic stroke
- JAM-A
- JAM-A, junctional adhesion molecule-A
- MI, myocardial infarction
- SNV
- SNV, single-nucleotide variation
- TRAP, thrombin receptor activating peptide
- coronary artery disease
- platelet
- sJAM-A, soluble junctional adhesion molecule-A
- smJAM-A, soluble murine junctional adhesion molecule-A
- thrombo-inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vera Rapp
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Schwartz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Emschermann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Arnold
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Manuela Büttcher
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Strebl
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael B. Braun
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstanze Altgelt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Álvaro Petersen Uribe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schories
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denis Canjuga
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Çaykara B, Alsaadoni H, Pençe HH, Pençe S, Yılmaz Aydoğan H, Taştekin D. Investigation of JAM-A (rs790056) and LFA-1 (rs8058823) gene variants in Turkish colorectal cancer patients. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 30:872-876. [PMID: 31625931 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2019.19141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of leukocytes and containing the binding domain for junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of JAM-A and LFA-1 variants on the formation of colorectal cancer and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 82 subjects with colorectal cancer and 67 healthy subjects were studied. DNA was isolated from blood samples, and variations were determined using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS JAM-A rs790056 CC genotype and C allele were found to be higher in the colorectal cancer group (p<0.05), and approximately 3-fold increased colorectal cancer risk with CC genotype was determined (p=0.029). Haplotype analysis showed that GC haplotype (LFA-1 rs8058823G and JAM-A rs790056C) frequency was significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.041) than in controls. CONCLUSION JAM-A rs790056 variation may be effective in the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Çaykara
- Department of Physiology, İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hani Alsaadoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, İstanbul University Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (ASDETAE), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halime Hanım Pençe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadrettin Pençe
- Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Yılmaz Aydoğan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, İstanbul University Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (ASDETAE), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Taştekin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, İstanbul University Institute of Oncology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Sun L. Junctional adhesion molecule A of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus): a possible immunomodulator and a target for bacterial immune evasion. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 161:99-107. [PMID: 25108665 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are a family of type I cell surface receptors with two immunoglobulin (Ig) domains in the extracellular region. The family contains three classical members, i.e., JAM-A, -B, and -C. To date very little is known about the function of JAMs in teleost. In this work, we identified a JAM-A homologue (named SoJAMa) from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and examined its expression and biological property. SoJAMa is composed of 347 amino acid residues and was predicted to be a transmembrane protein with a large extracellular region that contains two Ig domains. SoJAMa expression occurred in multiple tissues, in particular immune relevant organs. SoJAMa expression was downregulated by experimental challenge with an extracellular pathogen but upregulated by challenge with an intracellular pathogen that is known to be capable of immune evasion. Likewise, cellular study showed that infection of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) with intracellular pathogen induced significantly higher expression of SoJAMa. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that SoJAMa was localized on the surface of PBL and recognized by antibodies against recombinant SoJAMa. Blockage of the SoJAMa on PBL with antibodies resulted in augmented respiratory burst activity. Consistently, antibody-treated PBL exhibited enhanced resistance against bacterial infection. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that a teleost JAM-A likely possesses immunoregulatory property in a negative manner, and that this property may be taken advantage of by intracellular pathogens as an invasion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Chengyang, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Li Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Tokat B, Kurt O, Bugra Z, Ozturk O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Investigation of the monocyte diapedesis-related LFA-1 and JAM-A gene variants in Turkish coronary heart disease patients. Meta Gene 2013; 2:1-10. [PMID: 25606383 PMCID: PMC4287794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LFA-1/JAM-A interaction plays a significant role in early steps of leukocyte transendothelial migration (diapedesis) which takes part in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In this population-based case–control study, the frequencies of JAM-A rs790056 and LFA-1 rs8058823 gene polymorphisms in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy subjects were investigated and the correlations between the different genotypes and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed. Methods The JAM-A and LFA-1 genotypes were determined in 153 patients with CHD and 124 controls by PCR–RFLP assay. Results In CHD patient group, the frequency of JAM-A rs790056 TT genotype and the frequency of T allele were higher when compared with the control group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007,respectively). In patient groups, the frequency of LFA-1 rs8058823 AA genotype was higher (p = 0.000), and the frequency of AG genotype was lower when compared with the control group (p = 0.031). In the control group, LFA-1 rs8058823 G allele carriers had higher SBP than subjects with AA genotype (p = 0.038), whereas in the CHD patient group, G allele carriers had lower DBP than subjects with AA genotype (p = 0.007). The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the JAM-A rs790056 TT genotype (OR = 2.472, p = 0.045) and LFA-1 rs8058823 AA genotype (OR = 6.751, p = 0.000) were risk factors for CHD development. Conclusion These results suggest that the wild type genotypes and alleles of JAM-A rs790056 (TT genotype and T allele) and LFA-1 rs8058823 (AA genotype and A allele) were found to be risk factors for CHD, whereas rare genotypes and alleles were found to be higher in healthy controls thus being protective. JAM-A common genotype and allele were more frequent in CHD group than controls. LFA-1 common genotype was more frequent in CHD group than controls. LFA-1 rare allele had lower DBP than subjects with common genotype. JAM-A and LFA-1 common genotypes were risk factors for CHD development.
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Key Words
- 3′UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- BMI, body mass index
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CI, confidence interval
- Coronary heart disease
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- Diapedesis
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HWE, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- JAM-A
- JAM-A, junctional adhesion molecule-A
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LFA-1
- LFA-1, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1
- LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy
- OR, odds ratio
- PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Polymorphism
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- VLDL-C, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengu Tokat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bugra
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xu H, Oliveira-Sales EB, McBride F, Liu B, Hewinson J, Toward M, Hendy EB, Graham D, Dominiczak AF, Giannotta M, Waki H, Ascione R, Paton JFR, Kasparov S. Upregulation of junctional adhesion molecule-A is a putative prognostic marker of hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:552-60. [PMID: 22918977 PMCID: PMC3500047 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Establishing biochemical markers of pre-hypertension and early hypertension could help earlier diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. We assess dynamics of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) expression in rat models of hypertension and test whether JAM-A expression could be driven by angiotensin (ANG) II and whether JAM-A contributes to the progression of hypertension. We also compare JAM-A expression in normo- and hypertensive humans. Methods and results In pre-hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), JAM-A protein was overexpressed in the brainstem microvasculature, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart. JAM-A upregulation at early and late stages was even greater in the stroke-prone SHR. However, JAM-A was not upregulated in leucocytes and platelets of SHRs. In Goldblatt 2K-1C hypertensive rats, JAM-A expression was augmented before any increase in blood pressure, and similarly JAM-A upregulation preceded hypertension caused by peripheral and central ANG II infusions. In SHRs, ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonism reduced JAM-A expression, but the vasodilator hydralazine did not. Body-wide downregulation of JAM-A with Vivo-morpholinos in juvenile SHRs delayed the progression of hypertension. In the human saphenous vein, JAM-A mRNA was elevated in hypertensive patients with untreated hypertension compared with normotensive patients but reduced in patients treated with renin–angiotensin system antagonists. Conclusion Body-wide upregulation of JAM-A in genetic and induced models of hypertension in the rat precedes the stable elevation of arterial pressure. JAM-A upregulation may be triggered by AT1 receptor-mediated signalling. An association of JAM-A with hypertension and sensitivity to blockers of ANG II signalling were also evident in humans. We suggest a prognostic and possibly a pathogenic role of JAM-A in arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Tabassum R, Mahajan A, Dwivedi OP, Chauhan G, Spurgeon CJ, Kumar MVK, Ghosh S, Madhu SV, Mathur SK, Chandak GR, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D. Common variants of SLAMF1 and ITLN1 on 1q21 are associated with type 2 diabetes in Indian population. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:184-90. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules are transmembrane proteins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In addition to their localization in close proximity to the tight junctions in endothelial and epithelial cells, junctional adhesion molecules are also expressed in circulating cells that do not form junctions, such as leukocytes and platelets. As a consequence, these proteins are associated not only with the permeability-regulating barrier function of the tight junctions, but also with other biologic processes, such as inflammatory reactions, responses to vascular injury, and tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, because of their transmembrane topology, junctional adhesion molecules are poised both for receiving inputs from the cell interior (their expression, localization, and function being regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines and growth factors) and for translating extracellular adhesive events into functional responses. This review focuses on the different roles of junctional adhesion molecules in normal and pathologic conditions, with emphasis on inflammatory reactions and vascular responses to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Bazzoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy.
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The sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure in humans: implications for hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:463-75. [PMID: 21734720 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A neurogenic component to primary hypertension (hypertension) is now well established. Along with raised vasomotor tone and increased cardiac output, the chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension has a diverse range of pathophysiological consequences independent of any increase in blood pressure. This review provides a perspective on the actions and interactions of angiotensin II, inflammation and vascular dysfunction/brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis and progression of neurogenic hypertension. The optimisation of current treatment strategies and the exciting recent developments in the therapeutic targeting of the sympathetic nervous system to control hypertension (for example, catheter-based renal denervation and carotid baroreceptor stimulation) will be outlined.
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NISHIMOTO KAZUMASA, IKARI KATSUNORI, KANEKO HIROTAKA, TSUKAHARA SO, KOCHI YUTA, YAMAMOTO KAZUHIKO, NAKAMURA YUSUKE, TOYAMA YOSHIAKI, TANIGUCHI ATSUO, YAMANAKA HISASHI, MOMOHARA SHIGEKI. Association ofEMCNwith Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Japanese Population. J Rheumatol 2010; 38:221-8. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Endomucin, an endothelial-specific sialomucin, is thought to facilitate “lymphocyte homing” to synovial tissues, resulting in the major histopathologies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the association between RA susceptibility and the gene coding endomucin,EMCN.Methods.Association studies were conducted with 2 DNA sample sets (initial set of 1504 patients, 752 controls; and validation set, 1113 patients, 940 controls) using 6 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from the Japanese HapMap database. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of endomucin was conducted with synovial tissues from 4 patients with RA during total knee arthroplasty. Electromobility shift assays were performed for the functional study of identified polymorphisms.Results.Within the initial sample set, the strongest evidence of an association with RA susceptibility was SNP rs3775369 (OR 1.20, p = 0.0075). While the subsequent replication study did not initially confirm the observed significant association (OR 1.13, p = 0.062), an in-depth stratified analysis revealed significant association in patients testing positive to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody in the replication data set (OR 1.15, p = 0.044). Investigating 2 sample sets, significant associations were detected in overall and stratified samples with anti-CCP antibody status (OR 1.17, p = 0.0015). Positive staining for endomucin was detected in all patients. The allele associated with RA susceptibility had a higher binding affinity for HEK298-derived nuclear factors compared to the nonsusceptible allelic variant of rs3775369.Conclusion.A significant association betweenEMCNand RA susceptibility was detected in our Japanese study population. TheEMCNallele conferring RA susceptibility may also contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.
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Severson EA, Parkos CA. Mechanisms of outside-in signaling at the tight junction by junctional adhesion molecule A. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1165:10-8. [PMID: 19538282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is a tight junction-associated, PDZ binding domain containing transmembrane protein that forms cis-homodimers in endothelial and epithelial cells. In vivo, the function of JAM-A in colonic mucosa has been examined using JAM-A knockout mice, which have increased intestinal permeability, inflammation and cellular proliferation compared to wild-type controls. In vitro studies have revealed that downregulation of JAM-A leads to altered cell migration secondary to diminished levels of beta1 integrin on the cell surface. Similar findings have been observed after transfection of epithelial cells with mutant JAM-A, which is defective in dimerization or lacks the PDZ binding domain. The dominant-negative effects of these mutant JAM-A proteins are most likely secondary to the inability of mutant JAM-A to form signaling complexes, the lack of which results in decreases in active or GTP-bound Rap1. This review highlights findings that support a hypothetical model for JAM-A mediated outside-in signaling. In this model, JAM-A dimerization is required for close cytoplasmic apposition of complexes containing specific PDZ domain-containing scaffold proteins that activate signaling molecules to serve as effectors for the regulation of cellular functions. The possibility of interactions of JAM-A cis-dimers between cells in trans is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Severson
- Epithelial Pathobiology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Severson EA, Parkos CA. Structural determinants of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (JAM-A) function and mechanisms of intracellular signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 21:701-7. [PMID: 19608396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (JAM-A) is a multifunctional cell surface protein that has multiple evolutionarily conserved structural features. There is now conclusive evidence that discrete structural elements on JAM-A mediate intracellular signaling events that alter cell migration and paracellular permeability. Specifically, self-dimerization between extracellular Ig-like loops and close apposition of PDZ-dependent, JAM-A-associated intracellular scaffold proteins such as Afadin and guanine-nucleotide exchange factors mediate activation of Rap1 and modulation of epithelial cell migration by effects on beta1 integrin. While the same JAM-A structural features also modulate migration of other cell types and paracellular permeability in epithelia/endothelia, additional signaling proteins/mechanisms are probably involved. Recent insights into JAM-A outside-in signaling events that regulate these cellular functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Severson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ong KL, Leung RYH, Babinska A, Salifu MO, Ehrlich YH, Kornecki E, Wong LYF, Tso AWK, Cherny SS, Sham PC, Lam TH, Lam KSL, Cheung BMY. Elevated plasma level of soluble F11 receptor/junctional adhesion molecule-A (F11R/JAM-A) in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:500-5. [PMID: 19214165 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The F11 receptor (F11R, also known as junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A)) plays a role in the development of hypertension in rat. Genetic variants in the human F11R gene were demonstrated to influence systolic blood pressure. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between F11R and hypertension by examining the levels of a circulating soluble form of F11R (sF11R) in hypertensive patients. METHODS Plasma sF11R was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 152 hypertensive and 166 normotensive subjects in whom seven tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the F11R gene had been genotyped. RESULTS Plasma sF11R levels were significantly higher in hypertensive subjects than in normotensive subjects (median (interquartile) range): 162.8 (85.5-293.2) vs. 116.5 (74.1-194.8) pg/ml, P = 0.004), which remained significantly higher after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.028). In stepwise multiple logistic regression, sF11R level (log-transformed) (P = 0.040), triglycerides (log-transformed) (P = 0.024), and HOMA-IR (log-transformed) (P < 0.001) were independently associated with hypertension. Plasma sF11R level correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r = 0.15, P < 0.001, and r = 0.13, P = 0.024, respectively). In stepwise multiple linear regression, hypertension (P = 0.013) and fibrinogen levels (P = 0.027) were significant independent predictors of sF11R level. A seven-locus haplotype, present in 2.1% of the subjects, was associated with higher sF11R level (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS These results further support a role of F11 receptor in the pathophysiology of human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Leung Ong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Waki H, Gouraud SS, Maeda M, Paton JFR. Specific inflammatory condition in nucleus tractus solitarii of the SHR: novel insight for neurogenic hypertension? Auton Neurosci 2008; 142:25-31. [PMID: 18722165 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human essential hypertension is a complex polygenic trait with underlying genetic components that remain unknown. Since the brainstem structure--the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS)--is a pivotal region for regulating the set-point of arterial pressure, we proposed a role for it in the development of primary hypertension. Using microarray and real-time RT-PCR, we have recently identified that some pro-inflammatory molecules, such as junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1; a leukocyte/platelet adhesion molecule), were over expressed in endothelial cells in the NTS of an animal model of human essential hypertension--the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Adenoviral mediated over expression of JAM-1 in NTS of WKY rats produced both hypertension and localized leukocyte adherence to the microvasculature. With a known effect of leukocyte adhesion causing cytokine release, we predicted differences in the level of gene expression of cytokines in the NTS of SHR relative to WKY. Gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was higher in the NTS of SHR while inter-leukin-6 (IL-6) was lower in the NTS of SHR compared to the WKY. Because both inflammatory molecules are known to affect neural functions, our data suggest that the microvasculature of NTS of the SHR exhibits a specific inflammatory state. We propose a new hypothesis that as a consequence of enhanced expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules within the microvasculature of NTS there is a specific inflammatory response that leads to cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction contributing to neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Waki
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
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Paton JFR, Waki H. Is neurogenic hypertension related to vascular inflammation of the brainstem? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 33:89-94. [PMID: 18585782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is idiopathic although it is accepted as a complex polygenic trait with underlying genetic components, which remain unknown. Our supposition is that hypertension involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system. One pivotal region controlling arterial pressure set point is nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). We recently identified that pro-inflammatory molecules, such as junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1), were over expressed in endothelial cells of the microvasculature supplying the NTS in an animal model of human hypertension (the spontaneously hypertensive rat) compared to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Over expression of JAM-1 in NTS of WKY rats was pro-hypertensive and induced leukocyte adherence to the microvasculature. Since leukocyte adhesion causes cytokine release, we found expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was higher in the NTS of SHR while inter-leukin-6 (IL-6) was lower compared to the WKY rat. Inflammation of the brainstem microvasculature may increase vascular resistance within the brainstem. High brainstem vascular resistance and its inflammation may release pathological paracrine signaling molecules affecting central neural cardiovascular activity conducive to neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F R Paton
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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