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Ribeiro-Jr G, Reis J, Vaccarezza F, Silva ACDO, Lanza FC, Miranda DLP, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, dos Reis MG. Sometimes, the size matters: Wing geometric morphometrics as a tool to assess domiciliation by Triatoma sordida (Stäl 1859). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e007092024. [PMID: 39140583 PMCID: PMC11315410 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0516-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domiciliation by Triatoma sordida is a public health concern in South America. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric changes in the domestic and peridomestic populations of T. sordida. METHODS Specimen hemelytra were mounted, digitized, and processed for geometric morphometric analyses. RESULTS The specimens captured in houses were smaller than those captured in peridomiciles. A large size reduction effect was observed in female peridomicile populations compared with female house populations. CONCLUSIONS T. sordida house populations were smaller than peridomestic populations. Wing geometric morphometry can be used as a tool to indicate T. sordida domiciliation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamylle Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Diego Lopes Paim Miranda
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão dos Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador, BA, Brasil
- Yale University, Connecticut, USA
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Caron FS, Rivadeneira D, Rabinovich J, Pie MR, Morimoto J. Range size positively correlates with temperature and precipitation niche breadths but not with dietary niche breadth in triatomine insects, vectors of Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012430. [PMID: 39150980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory predicts that species that can utilise a greater diversity of resources and, therefore, have wider niche breadths should also occupy larger geographic areas (the 'niche breadth-range size hypothesis'). Here, we tested this hypothesis for a blood-sucking group of insects of medical significance: the Triatominae (aka 'kissing bugs') (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Given that niches can be viewed from different perspectives, we tested this hypothesis based on both dietary and climatic niches. We assembled the most complete dataset of triatomine feeding patterns to date by reviewing 143 studies from the literature up to 2021 and tested whether the niche breadth-range size hypothesis held for this group for both dietary and climatic components of the niche. Temperature and precipitation niche breadths were estimated from macro-environmental variables, while diet breadth was calculated based on literature data that used PCR and/or ELISA to identify different types of hosts as blood sources per triatomine species. Our results showed that temperature and precipitation niche breadths, but not dietary breadth, were positively correlated with range sizes, independent of evolutionary history among species. These findings support the predictions from the range size-niche breadth hypothesis concerning climate but not diet, in Triatominae. It also shows that support for the niche breadth-range size hypothesis is dependent upon the niche axis under consideration, which can explain the mixed support for this hypothesis in the ecological literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Caron
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rivadeneira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rabinovich
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata), La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcio R Pie
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Juliano Morimoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Alvarez ACPC, Dale C, Galvão C. Geometric morphometry of the Rhodniusprolixus complex (Hemiptera, Triatominae): patterns of intraspecific and interspecific allometry and their taxonomic implications. Zookeys 2024; 1202:213-228. [PMID: 38826493 PMCID: PMC11140263 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In the subfamily Triatominae, the genus Rhodnius is one of the most studied, not only because of its epidemiological importance, but also because of the difficulty in differentiating its species. Currently, one of the strategies to control Chagas disease, besides other initiatives such as the analysis of donated blood, is focused on fighting the vector. Correctly identifying triatomines is essential for the entomoepidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease. The objective of the present work was to compare the species of the R.prolixus complex using geometric morphometry of hemelytra and heads to evaluate the patterns of intraspecific and interspecific allometry and their taxonomic implications. This method can help in the diagnosis of close species, whose morphological characteristics are insufficient for correct identification. Specimens from five different collections were used, covering the species included in the R.prolixus complex (R.barretti, R.dalessandroi, R.domesticus, R.marabaensis, R.milesi, R.montenegrensis, R.nasutus, R.neglectus, R.neivai, R.prolixus and R.robustus). Morphometric analyses indicated that the hemelytra are not structures with good resolution for separating species and, for this reason, the use of the heads proved to be more adequate for this group (thus allowing differentiation of all species of the R.prolixus complex). The results suggest that R.milesi is a variant of R.neglectus and confirms that R.prolixus and R.robustus are distinct species. Furthermore, we propose the creation of the R.neivai complex comprising R.domesticus and R.neivai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P. C. Alvarez
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, BrazilInstituto Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Carolina Dale
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, BrazilInstituto Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, BrazilInstituto Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Fiad FG, Cardozo M, Nattero J, Gigena GV, Gorla DE, Rodríguez CS. Association between environmental gradient of anthropization and phenotypic plasticity in two species of triatomines. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:169. [PMID: 38566228 PMCID: PMC10986143 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma garciabesi and T. guasayana are considered secondary vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi and frequently invade rural houses in central Argentina. Wing and head structures determine the ability of triatomines to disperse. Environmental changes exert selective pressures on populations of both species, promoting changes in these structures that could have consequences for flight dispersal. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a gradient of anthropization and phenotypic plasticity in flight-related traits. METHODS The research was carried out in Cruz del Eje and Ischilín departments (Córdoba, Argentina) and included 423 individuals of the two species of triatomines. To measure the degree of anthropization, a thematic map was constructed using supervised classification, from which seven landscapes were selected, and nine landscape metrics were extracted and used in a hierarchical analysis. To determine the flight capacity and the invasion of dwellings at different levels of anthropization for both species, entomological indices were calculated. Digital images of the body, head and wings were used to measure linear and geometric morphometric variables related to flight dispersion. One-way ANOVA and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were used to analyze differences in size and shape between levels of anthropization. Procrustes variance of shape was calculated to analyze differences in phenotypic variation in heads and wings. RESULTS Hierarchical analysis was used to classify the landscapes into three levels of anthropization: high, intermediate and low. The dispersal index for both species yielded similar results across the anthropization gradient. However, in less anthropized landscapes, the density index was higher for T. garciabesi. Additionally, in highly anthropized landscapes, females and males of both species exhibited reduced numbers. Regarding phenotypic changes, the size of body, head and wings of T. garciabesi captured in the most anthropized landscapes was greater than for those captured in less anthropized landscapes. No differences in body size were observed in T. guasayana collected in the different landscapes. However, males from highly anthropized landscapes had smaller heads and wings than those captured in less anthropized landscapes. Both wing and head shapes varied between less and more anthropogenic environments in both species. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study indicate that the flight-dispersal characteristics of T. garciabesi and T. guasayana changed in response to varying degrees of anthropization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico G Fiad
- Cátedra de Morfología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Miriam Cardozo
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisel V Gigena
- Cátedra de Morfología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - David E Gorla
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Rodríguez
- Cátedra de Morfología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Verly T, Pita S, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Piccinali RV, Fiad FG, Ríos N, Panzera F, Lobbia P, Sánchez-Casaccia P, Rojas de Arias A, Cavallo MJ, Gigena GV, Rodríguez CS, Nattero J. Relationship between genetic diversity and morpho-functional characteristics of flight-related traits in Triatoma garciabesi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:145. [PMID: 38500121 PMCID: PMC10949591 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma garciabesi, a potential vector of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the causative agent of Chagas disease, is common in peridomestic and wild environments and found throughout northwestern and central Argentina, western Paraguay and the Bolivian Chaco. Genetic differentiation of a species across its range can help to understand dispersal patterns and connectivity between habitats. Dispersal by flight is considered to be the main active dispersal strategy used by triatomines. In particular, the morphological structure of the hemelytra is associated with their function. The aim of this study was to understand how genetic diversity is structured, how morphological variation of dispersal-related traits varies with genetic diversity and how the morphological characteristics of dispersal-related traits may explain the current distribution of genetic lineages in this species. METHODS Males from 24 populations of T. garciabesi across its distribution range were examined. The cytochrome c oxidase I gene (coI) was used for genetic diversity analyses. A geometric morphometric method based on landmarks was used for morpho-functional analysis of the hemelytra. Centroid size (CS) and shape of the forewing, and contour of both parts of the forewing, the head and the pronotum were characterised. Length and area of the forewing were measured to estimate the aspect ratio. RESULTS The morphometric and phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct lineages, namely the Eastern and Western lineages, which coincide with different ecological regions. The Eastern lineage is found exclusively in the eastern region of Argentina (Chaco and Formosa provinces), whereas the Western lineage is prevalent in the rest of the geographical range of the species. CS, shape and aspect ratio of the hemelytra differed between lineages. The stiff portion of the forewing was more developed in the Eastern lineage. The shape of both portions of the hemelytra were significantly different between lineages, and the shape of the head and pronotum differed between lineages. CONCLUSIONS The results provide preliminary insights into the evolution and diversification of T. garciabesi. Variation in the forewing, pronotum and head is congruent with genetic divergence. Consistent with genetic divergence, morphometry variation was clustered according to lineages, with congruent variation in the size and shape of the forewing, pronotum and head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Verly
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Romina V Piccinali
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico G Fiad
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Néstor Ríos
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán", Centro Nacional de Diagnostico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paz Sánchez-Casaccia
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - María José Cavallo
- Centro Regional de Energía y Ambiente Para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Gisel V Gigena
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Rodríguez
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Peixoto S, Belintani T, Rocha D, Fontes F, Frota N, Galvão C. Characterization of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Reduviidae) from Residual Foci in the States of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Using Geometric Morphology. INSECTS 2023; 14:325. [PMID: 37103140 PMCID: PMC10146809 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans is one of the main vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America. Although the species is under control in most Latin countries, it is still necessary to maintain epidemiological surveillance. The present study aims to characterize T. infestans populations from residual foci in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, comparing them with natural populations in Argentina and Bolivia. For this, we adopt the geometric morphometry of the heads. It is possible to report the morphometric variety of the studied populations. In addition, we show that the size of the heads contributes to the differentiation between populations, while the shape has less power to discriminate groups. Furthermore, we show that some natural populations have morphometric proximity to residual populations, suggesting a relationship between these triatomines. Our data do not support the origin of residual populations but demonstrate the importance of new studies with other techniques to understand the dynamics of distribution and reintroduction of these vectors in Brazilian territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Peixoto
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Belintani
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Monteiro Lobato, Campinas 13083-859, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayse Rocha
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Natália Frota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cruz DD, Ospina-Garces SM, Arellano E, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Nava-García E, Alcalá R. Geometric morphometrics and ecological niche modelling for delimitation of Triatoma pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) haplogroups. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 3:100119. [PMID: 37009555 PMCID: PMC10064238 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A recent phylogenetic analysis of Triatoma pallidipennis, an important Chagas disease vector in Mexico, based on molecular markers, revealed five monophyletic haplogroups with validity as cryptic species. Here, we compare T. pallidipennis haplogroups using head and pronotum features, environmental characteristics of their habitats, and ecological niche modeling. To analyze variation in shape, images of the head and pronotum of the specimens were obtained and analyzed using methods based on landmarks and semi-landmarks. Ecological niche models were obtained from occurrence data, as well as a set of bioclimatic variables that characterized the environmental niche of each analyzed haplogroup. Deformation grids for head showed a slight displacement towards posterior region of pre-ocular landmarks. Greatest change in head shape was observed with strong displacement towards anterior region of antenniferous tubercle. Procrustes ANOVA and pairwise comparisons showed differences in mean head shape in almost all haplogroups. However, pairwise comparisons of mean pronotum shape only showed differences among three haplogroups. Correct classification of all haplogroups was not possible using discriminant analysis. Important differences were found among the environmental niches of the analyzed haplogroups. Ecological niche models of each haplogroup did not predict the climatic suitability areas of the other haplogroups, revealing differences in environmental conditions. Significant differences were found between at least two haplogroups, demonstrating distinct environmental preferences among them. Our results show how the analysis of morphometric variation and the characterization of the environmental conditions that define the climatic niche can be used to improve the delimitation of T. pallidipennis haplogroups that constitute cryptic species.
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da Silva LA, Belintani T, de Paiva VF, Nascimento JD, Ribeiro AR, Gardim S, Rocha CS, de Mello F, Obara MT, de Oliveira J, da Rosa JA. Integrative taxonomy and phylogenetic systematics of the Triatoma rubrovaria subcomplex (Hemiptera, Triatominae). Acta Trop 2022; 237:106699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Morphological Stasis in Time? A Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis Study Using Geometric Morphometrics in the Long Run. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111362. [PMID: 35681826 PMCID: PMC9179344 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triatomines are vector insects capable of transmitting the protozoan that causes Chagas disease, thus representing a health risk in several countries, especially in Central and South America. Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis, the main triatomine vector in northeastern Brazil, needs frequent monitoring as it is able to colonize various natural and artificial ecotopes as well as to infest domiciles. This research uses geometric morphometrics as a tool to evaluate changes in the morphology and analyze a large temporal dataset of 102 years of collections of T. b. brasiliensis. Finding novelty results which indicate a morphological stasis in the morphology. Abstract Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is one of the most important vectors of Chagas disease in the Brazilian semiarid regions in the north-east. The risk imposed by T. b. brasiliensis to the human populations, due to frequent invasions and/or colonization of the domiciles, demands constant monitoring and control actions as well as an understanding of its evolutionary process. In this context, the following research studies the pattern of shape adaptation over time using a large dataset from 102 years of specimen collections in order to identify the morphological plasticity of this vector in Brazil. This dataset was analyzed using geometric morphometrics tools and the timescale was divided into eight different groups, containing specimens from 1912 to 2014. Geometric morphometrics analysis showed an interesting morphological stasis in the wing shape of T. b. brasiliensis, which allowed us to understand the high capacity of adaptation to changes in climate condition through time, and the invasive status which Triatoma species have around the world. Moreover, these results showed novel findings as an interesting phenotypic pattern, with no modifications in more than 100 years, leading us to understand the shape evolution in Triatominae as a vector species of diseases.
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Belintani T, de Paiva VF, de Oliveira J, da Rosa JA. New in morphometry: Geometric morphometry of the external female genitalia of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Acta Trop 2022; 229:106383. [PMID: 35192796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of geometric morphometry has an impact on Triatominae studies. Currently, several taxonomic and systematic studies use this approach. The Triatominae subfamily comprises three fossil species and 154 extant species potentially capable of transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. This study aims to evaluate the external female genitalia of adult triatomines using multivariate geometric morphometric approaches, not only for validation but also for systematic inferences. Specimens belonging to the genera Panstrongylus, Psammolestes, Rhodnius, and Triatoma were evaluated, in addition to two species previously included in Triatoma: T. longipennis and T. phyllosoma. The results show that the external female genitalia have operational morphology and allow characterization of the species and the genera of the Triatominae. In addition, the multivariate technique enabled delimitation of the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily, presenting results consistent with systematic studies. It can be concluded that the external female genitalia evaluated by geometric morphometry is a useful character for the taxonomy and systematics of Triatominae.
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Cruz DD, Arellano E. Molecular data confirm Triatoma pallidipennis Stål, 1872 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) as a novel cryptic species complex. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106382. [PMID: 35189124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma pallidipennis constitues one of the most important Chagas disease vector in Mexico. Previous studies based on molecular data suggest T. pallidipennis as a complex of cryptic species. For that reason, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of T. pallidipennis using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial ND4 gene and the ITS-2 gene. In addition, the divergence times were estimated, and possible new taxa were delimited with three species delimitation methods. Finally, genetic distances and possible connectivity routes based on shared haplotypes were obtained among the T. pallidipennis populations. Five haplogroups (possible cryptic species) were found, based on delimitation methods and genetic distances. Haplogroup divergence began about 3 Ma, in the Pleistocene. Moreover, none of the haplogroups showed potential connectivity routes between them, evidencing lack of gene flow. Our results suggest the existence of a new cryptic species complex within what is currently recognized as a T. pallidipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl D Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Arellano
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Lázari Cacini G, de Oliveira J, Belintani T, Dos Santos Souza É, Olaia N, Pinto MC, da Rosa JA. Immature instars of three species of Rhodnius Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): morphology, morphometry, and taxonomic implications. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:91. [PMID: 35303937 PMCID: PMC8932165 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the 18 genera of the Triatominae subfamily, three stand out for their diversity and epidemiological importance: Triatoma, Panstrongylus, and Rhodnius. Rhodnius includes 21 species that can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi (the etiological agent of Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis) and Trypanosoma rangeli. The Rhodnius prolixus complex comprises seven species, including Rhodnius marabaensis, Rhodnius prolixus, and Rhodnius robustus, which occur in the northern region of Brazil. Since both adults and immatures can carry T. cruzi, in this study the five nymphal instars of the three species mentioned were dorsally characterized. Methods Using microscopy, morphometrics, and geometric morphometrics, the present work measures and describes the morphological characters of the five nymphal instars of R. marabaensis, R. prolixus, and R. robustus. Results The study enabled the characterization of all five nymphal instars, as well as the distinction between the three species in each of their instars. Conclusions The morphological, morphometrics of the head, thorax, and abdomen and geometric morphometrics studies of the head enabled the specific distinction of these three species in all five instars. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05200-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lázari Cacini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Belintani
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Éder Dos Santos Souza
- Departamento de Entomologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nicoly Olaia
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
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Ribeiro-Jr G, Abad-Franch F, de Sousa OMF, dos Santos CGS, Fonseca EOL, dos Santos RF, Cunha GM, de Carvalho CMM, Reis RB, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Reis MG. TriatoScore: an entomological-risk score for Chagas disease vector control-surveillance. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:492. [PMID: 34563255 PMCID: PMC8465766 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatomine bugs transmit Chagas disease across Latin America, where vector control-surveillance is increasingly decentralized. Locally run systems often deal with highly diverse native-vector faunas-plus, in some areas, domestic populations of non-native species. Flexible entomological-risk indicators that cover native and non-native vectors and can support local decision-making are therefore needed. METHODS We present a local-scale entomological-risk score ("TriatoScore") that leverages and builds upon information on the ecology-behavior and distribution-biogeography of individual triatomine bug species. We illustrate our approach by calculating TriatoScores for the 417 municipalities of Bahia state, Brazil. For this, we (i) listed all triatomine bug species recorded statewide; (ii) derived a "species relevance score" reflecting whether each species is native/non-native and, if native, whether/how often it invades/colonizes dwellings; (iii) mapped each species' presence by municipality; (iv) for native vectors, weighted presence by the proportion of municipal territory within ecoregions occupied by each species; (v) multiplied "species relevance score" × "weighted presence" to get species-specific "weighted scores"; and (vi) summed "weighted scores" across species to get municipal TriatoScores. Using standardized TriatoScores, we then grouped municipalities into high/moderate/low entomological-risk strata. RESULTS TriatoScores were higher in municipalities dominated by dry-to-semiarid ecoregions than in those dominated by savanna-grassland or, especially, moist-forest ecoregions. Bahia's native triatomines can maintain high to moderate risk of vector-borne Chagas disease in 318 (76.3%) municipalities. Historical elimination of Triatoma infestans from 125 municipalities reduced TriatoScores by ~ 27% (range, 20-44%); eight municipalities reported T. infestans since Bahia was certified free of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by this non-native species. Entomological-risk strata based on TriatoScores agreed well with Bahia's official disease-risk strata, but TriatoScores suggest that the official classification likely underestimates risk in 42 municipalities. Of 152 municipalities failing to report triatomines in 2006-2019, two and 71 had TriatoScores corresponding to, respectively, high and moderate entomological risk. CONCLUSIONS TriatoScore can help control-surveillance managers to flexibly assess and stratify the entomological risk of Chagas disease at operationally relevant scales. Integrating eco-epidemiological, demographic, socioeconomic, or operational data (on, e.g., local-scale dwelling-infestation or vector-infection frequencies, land-use change and urbanization, housing conditions, poverty, or the functioning of control-surveillance systems) is also straightforward. TriatoScore may thus become a useful addition to the triatomine bug control-surveillance toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Orlando M. F. de Sousa
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Zoonoses e Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo O. L. Fonseca
- Instituto de Tecnologias da Saúde, Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto F. dos Santos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof. Gonçalo Moniz, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. Cunha
- Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Neto, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Cristiane M. M. de Carvalho
- Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Neto, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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14
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Cruz DD, Denis D, Arellano E, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN. Quantitative imagery analysis of spot patterns for the three-haplogroup classification of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), an important vector of Chagas disease. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:90. [PMID: 33514419 PMCID: PMC7847135 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spots and coloring patterns evaluated quantitatively can be used to discriminate and identify possible cryptic species. Species included in the Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviidae: Triatominae) complex are major disease vectors of Chagas disease. Phylogenetic studies have defined three haplogroups for Mexico and part of Central America. We report here our evaluation of the possibility of correctly discriminating these three T. dimidiata haplogroups using the pattern of the dorsal spots. Methods Digital images of the dorsal region of individuals from the three haplogroups were used. Image processing was used to extract primary and secondary variables characterizing the dorsal spot pattern. Statistical analysis of the variables included descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and a neural classification network. Results A distinctive spot pattern was found for each haplogroup. The most differentiated pattern was presented by haplogroup 2, which was characterized by its notably larger central spots. Haplogroups 1 and 3 were more similar to each other, but there were consistent differences in the shape and orientation of the spots. Significant differences were found among haplogroups in almost all of the variables analyzed, with the largest differences seen for relative spot area, mean relative area of central spots, central spots Feret diameter and lateral spots Feret diameter and aspect ratio. Both the DFA and the neural network had correct discrimination values of > 90%. Conclusions Based on the results of this analysis, we conclude that the spot pattern can be reliably used to discriminate among the three haplogroups of T. dimidiata in Mexico, and possibly among triatomine species. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl D Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | - Dennis Denis
- Departamento de Biología Animal y Humana, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Elizabeth Arellano
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Unidad Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Alevi KCC, de Oliveira J, Garcia ACC, Cristal DC, Delgado LMG, de Freitas Bittinelli I, dos Reis YV, Ravazi A, de Oliveira ABB, Galvão C, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, Madeira FF. Triatoma rosai sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Triatominae): A New Species of Argentinian Chagas Disease Vector Described Based on Integrative Taxonomy. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120830. [PMID: 33255910 PMCID: PMC7759825 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Although all triatomines are potential vectors of Chagas' disease, there are species with greater or lesser vectorial importance. Therefore, the correct identification of triatomines species is essential for the vector control programs. In general, triatomines are identified by external morphological characters. However, some species are very similar or even morphologically identical, being important the use of complementary analyses for the correct identification of species. For this reason, this study focused on the use of morphological, morphometric, molecular data, and experimental crosses to describe Triatoma rosai sp. nov., a new species of Argentinian Chagas disease vector. Significant morphological and morphometric differences, associated with phylogenetic support and high mortality rate of the hybrids made it possible to confirm the specific status of T. rosai sp. nov., emphasizing the importance of integrative analyses for the taxonomy of triatomines. Abstract Chagas disease is the most prevalent neglected tropical disease in the Americas and makes an important contribution to morbidity and mortality rates in countries where it is endemic since 30 to 40% of patients develop cardiac diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, or both. In this paper, a new species of the genus Triatoma is described based on specimens collected in the Department San Miguel, Province of Corrientes, Argentina. Triatoma rosai sp. nov. is closely related to T. sordida (Stål, 1859), and was characterized based on integrative taxonomy using morphological, morphometric, molecular data, and experimental crosses. These analyses, combined with data from the literature (cytogenetics, electrophoresis pattern, molecular analyses, cuticular hydrocarbons pattern, geometric morphometry, cycle, and average time of life as well as geographic distribution) confirm the specific status of T. rosai sp. nov. Natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection, coupled with its presence mostly in peridomestic habitats, indicates that this species can be considered as an important Chagas disease vector from Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (K.C.C.A.); (J.d.O.); (D.C.C.)
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; (A.C.C.G.); (L.M.G.D.); (I.d.F.B.); (Y.V.d.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (K.C.C.A.); (J.d.O.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Ariane Cristina Caris Garcia
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; (A.C.C.G.); (L.M.G.D.); (I.d.F.B.); (Y.V.d.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Daniel Cesaretto Cristal
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (K.C.C.A.); (J.d.O.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Luiza Maria Grzyb Delgado
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; (A.C.C.G.); (L.M.G.D.); (I.d.F.B.); (Y.V.d.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Isadora de Freitas Bittinelli
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; (A.C.C.G.); (L.M.G.D.); (I.d.F.B.); (Y.V.d.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Yago Visinho dos Reis
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; (A.C.C.G.); (L.M.G.D.); (I.d.F.B.); (Y.V.d.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; (A.C.C.G.); (L.M.G.D.); (I.d.F.B.); (Y.V.d.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; (A.B.B.d.O.); (M.T.V.d.A.-O.); (F.F.M.)
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brazil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; (A.B.B.d.O.); (M.T.V.d.A.-O.); (F.F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; (A.B.B.d.O.); (M.T.V.d.A.-O.); (F.F.M.)
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Ceccarelli S, Balsalobre A, Cano ME, Canale D, Lobbia P, Stariolo R, Rabinovich JE, Marti GA. Analysis of Chagas disease vectors occurrence data: the Argentinean triatomine species database. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e58076. [PMID: 33244290 PMCID: PMC7679344 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e58076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease and Trypanosomacruzi (its etiological agent) is mainly transmitted by triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). All triatomine species are considered as potential vectors; thus, their geographic distribution and habitat information should be a fundamental guide for the surveillance and control of Chagas disease. Currently, of the 137 species distributed in the Americas (Justi and Galvão 2017), 17 species are cited for Argentina: Panstrongylusgeniculatus, P.guentheri, P.megistus, P.rufotuberculatus, Psammolestescoreodes, Triatomabreyeri, T.delpontei, T.eratyrusiformis, T.garciabesi, T.guasayana, T.infestans, T.limai, T.patagonica, T.platensis, T.rubrofasciata, T.rubrovaria and T.sordida. Almost 20 years have passed since the publication of the “Atlas of the Triatominae” by Carcavallo et al. (1998) and no work has been done to provide an updated complete integration and analysis of the existing information for Argentinean triatomine species. Here we provide a detailed temporal, spatial and ecological analysis of updated occurrence data for triatomines present in Argentina. New information This is the first database of the 17 triatomine species present in Argentina (15917 records), with a critical analysis of the temporal, spatial and ecological characteristics of 9788 records. The information spans the last 100 years (1918–2019) and it was mostly obtained from the DataTri database and from the Argentinean Vector Reference Center. As 70% of the occurrences corresponded to the last 20 years, the information was split into two broad periods (pre-2000 and post-2000). Occurrence data for most species show distribution range contractions, which, from the pre-2000 to post-2000 period, became restricted mainly to the dry and humid Chaco ecoregions. Concurrently, the highest species richness foci occurred within those ecoregions. The species T.infestans, T.sordida, T.garciabesi and T.guasayana mostly colonise human dwelling habitats. This study provides the most comprehensive picture available for Argentinean triatomine species and we hope that any knowledge gaps will encourage others to keep this information updated to assist health policy-makers to make decisions based on the best evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Ceccarelli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - Agustín Balsalobre
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Cano
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - Delmi Canale
- Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Coordinación Nacional de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Santa Maria de Punilla, Argentina Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Coordinación Nacional de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Santa Maria de Punilla Argentina
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Coordinación Nacional de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Santa Maria de Punilla, Argentina Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Coordinación Nacional de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Santa Maria de Punilla Argentina
| | - Raúl Stariolo
- Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Coordinación Nacional de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Santa Maria de Punilla, Argentina Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Coordinación Nacional de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Santa Maria de Punilla Argentina
| | - Jorge Eduardo Rabinovich
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - Gerardo Anibal Marti
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP) La Plata Argentina
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Identifying Chagas disease vectors using elliptic Fourier descriptors of body contour: a case for the cryptic dimidiata complex. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:332. [PMID: 32611375 PMCID: PMC7329423 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviidae: Triatominae) is an important vector of Chagas disease in various countries in the Americas. Phylogenetic studies have defined three lineages in Mexico and part of Central America. While there is a marked genetic differentiation, methods for identifying them using morphometric analyses with landmarks have not yet been fully resolutive. Elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFDs), which mathematically describe the shape of any closed two-dimensional contours, could be a potentially useful alternative method. Our objective was to validate the use of EFDs for the identification of three lineages of this species complex. METHOD A total of 84 dorsal view images of individuals of the three lineages were used. Body contours were described with EFDs using between 5 and 30 harmonics. The number of obtained coefficients was reduced by a principal components analysis and the first axis scores were used as shape variables. A linear discriminant function analysis and an ordination plot of the discriminant analysis were performed using the shape variables. A confusion matrix of the ordination plot of the discriminant analysis was obtained to estimate the classification errors, the first five PC scores were statistically compared, and a neural network were then performed using the shape variables. RESULTS The first principal component explained 50% of the variability, regardless the number of harmonics used. The results of discriminant analysis get improved by increasing the number of harmonics and components considered. With 25 harmonics and 30 components, the identification of haplogroups was achieved with an overall efficiency greater than 97%. The ordering diagram showed the correct discrimination of haplogroups, with only one error of discrimination corroborated by the confusion matrix. When comparing the first five PC scores, significant differences were found among at least two haplogroups. The 30 multilayer perceptron neural networks were also efficient in identification, reaching 91% efficiency with the validation data. CONCLUSIONS The use of EFD is a simple and useful method for the identification of the main lineages of Triatoma dimidiata, with high values of correct identification.
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Eberhard FE, Cunze S, Kochmann J, Klimpel S. Modelling the climatic suitability of Chagas disease vectors on a global scale. eLife 2020; 9:52072. [PMID: 32374263 PMCID: PMC7237218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triatominae are vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of the neglected tropical Chagas disease. Their distribution stretches across Latin America, with some species occurring outside of the Americas. In particular, the cosmopolitan vector, Triatoma rubrofasciata, has already been detected in many Asian and African countries. We applied an ensemble forecasting niche modelling approach to project the climatic suitability of 11 triatomine species under current climate conditions on a global scale. Our results revealed potential hotspots of triatomine species diversity in tropical and subtropical regions between 21°N and 24°S latitude. We also determined the climatic suitability of two temperate species (T. infestans, T. sordida) in Europe, western Australia and New Zealand. Triatoma rubrofasciata has been projected to find climatically suitable conditions in large parts of coastal areas throughout Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia, emphasising the importance of an international vector surveillance program in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny E Eberhard
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunze
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
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19
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Monteiro FA, Weirauch C, Felix M, Lazoski C, Abad-Franch F. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography of the Triatominae, Vectors of Chagas Disease. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 29530308 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review and update current knowledge about the evolution, systematics, and biogeography of the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)-true bugs that feed primarily on vertebrate blood. In the Americas, triatomines are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Despite declining incidence and prevalence, Chagas disease is still a major public health concern in Latin America. Triatomines occur also in the Old World, where vector-borne T. cruzi transmission has not been recorded. Triatomines evolved from predatory reduviid bugs, most likely in the New World, and diversified extensively across the Americas (including the Caribbean) and in parts of Asia and Oceania. Here, we first discuss our current understanding of how, how many times, and when the blood-feeding habit might have evolved among the Reduviidae. Then we present a summary of recent advances in the systematics of this diverse group of insects, with an emphasis on the contribution of molecular tools to the clarification of taxonomic controversies. Finally, and in the light of both up-to-date phylogenetic hypotheses and a thorough review of distribution records, we propose a global synthesis of the biogeography of the Triatominae. Over 130 triatomine species contribute to maintaining T. cruzi transmission among mammals (sometimes including humans) in almost every terrestrial ecoregion of the Americas. This means that Chagas disease will never be eradicated and underscores the fact that effective disease prevention will perforce require stronger, long-term vector control-surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Araujo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcio Felix
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Lazoski
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Ferro e Silva AM, Sobral-Souza T, Vancine MH, Muylaert RL, de Abreu AP, Pelloso SM, de Barros Carvalho MD, de Andrade L, Ribeiro MC, Toledo MJDO. Spatial prediction of risk areas for vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006907. [PMID: 30365486 PMCID: PMC6221357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After obtaining certification of the absence of transmission of the Trypanosoma cruzi by Triatoma infestans in 2006, other native species of protozoan vectors have been found in human dwellings within municipalities of the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. However, the spatial distribution of T. cruzi vectors and how climatic and landscape combined variables explain the distribution are still poorly understood. The goal of this study was to predict the potential distribution of T. cruzi vectors as a proxy for Chagas disease transmission risk using Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) based on climatic and landscape variables. We hypothesize that ENM based on both climate and landscape variables are more powerful than climate-only or landscape-only models, and that this will be true independent of vector species. A total of 2,662 records of triatomines of five species were obtained by community-based entomological surveillance from 2007 to 2013. The species with the highest number of specimens was Panstrongylus megistus (73%; n = 1,943), followed by Panstrongylus geniculatus (15.4%; 411), Rhodnius neglectus (6.0%; 159), Triatoma sordida (4.5%; 119) and Rhodnius prolixus (1.1%; 30). Of the total, 71.9% were captured at the intradomicile. T. cruzi infection was observed in 19.7% of the 2,472 examined insects. ENMs were generated based on selected climate and landscape variables with 1 km2 spatial resolution. Zonal statistics were used for classifying the municipalities as to the risk of occurrence of synanthropic triatomines. The integrated analysis of the climate and landscape suitability on triatomines geographical distribution was powerful on generating good predictive models. Moreover, this showed that some municipalities in the northwest, north and northeast of the Paraná state have a higher risk of T. cruzi vector transmission. This occurs because those regions present high climatic and landscape suitability values for occurrence of their vectors. The frequent invasion of houses by infected triatomines clearly indicates a greater risk of transmission of T. cruzi to the inhabitants. More public health attention should be given in the northern areas of the State of Paraná, which presents high climate and landscape suitabilities for the disease vectors. In conclusion, our results-through spatial analysis and predictive maps-showed to be effective in identifying areas of potential distribution and, consequently, in the definition of strategic areas and actions to prevent new cases of Chagas' disease, reinforcing the need for continuous and robust surveillance in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thadeu Sobral-Souza
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Humberto Vancine
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Lara Muylaert
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Abreu
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Marisa Pelloso
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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21
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Ceretti-Junior W, Vendrami DP, de Matos-Junior MO, Rimoldi-Ribeiro A, Alvarez JV, Marques S, Duarte AN, da Silva RA, da Rosa JA, Marrelli MT. Occurrences of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and first reports of Panstrongylus geniculatus in urban environments in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e33. [PMID: 30043937 PMCID: PMC6056888 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This note reports on occurrences of triatomine species in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, registered between 1988 and 2017. Records of triatomines captured in Sao Paulo are based on specimens received spontaneously from Health Surveillance Centers, Health Centers and Zoonosis Control Centers in the city as well as from citizens. Species were identified morphologically at the Public Health Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, where the triatomines, which are vectors of Chagas disease, were tested for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The first reported occurrence of triatomine bugs in urban Sao Paulo was in 1988. The specimen, which was captured in Jardim Sao Luiz district, was from the genus Panstrongylus and was registered as Panstrongylus sp. but was not sexed. Since this first recorded occurrence, the following species have been found in the city: Panstrongylus geniculatus (2 occurrences), P. megistus (15 occurrences), Triatoma infestans (1 occurrence) and T. sordida (3 occurrences). In this paper, the importance of reporting occurrences of triatomine bugs in the city of Sao Paulo, one of the largest metropolis in the world, is discussed with an emphasis on P. megistus. The occurrences discussed here indicate the importance of entomological surveillance for these vectors even in urban centers although the possibility of vector transmission of Chagas disease in these centers is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pagotto Vendrami
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Otavio de Matos-Junior
- Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Laboratórios de Identificação e Pesquisa em Fauna Sinantrópica, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aline Rimoldi-Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Vono Alvarez
- Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Laboratórios de Identificação e Pesquisa em Fauna Sinantrópica, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandro Marques
- Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Laboratórios de Identificação e Pesquisa em Fauna Sinantrópica, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Agnaldo Nepomuceno Duarte
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Divisão de Programas Especiais, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rubens Antonio da Silva
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Departamento de Combate a Vetores, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Nattero J, Piccinali RV, Macedo Lopes C, Hernández ML, Abrahan L, Lobbia PA, Rodríguez CS, Carbajal de la Fuente AL. Morphometric variability among the species of the Sordida subcomplex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae): evidence for differentiation across the distribution range of Triatoma sordida. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:412. [PMID: 28877741 PMCID: PMC5585980 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sordida subcomplex (Triatominae) comprises four species, Triatoma garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. patagonica and T. sordida, which differ in epidemiological importance and adaptations to human environments. Some morphological similarities among species make taxonomic identification, population differentiation and species delimitation controversial. Triatoma garciabesi and T. sordida are the most similar species, having been considered alternatively two and a single species until T. garciabesi was re-validated, mostly based on the morphology of male genitalia. More recently, T. sordida from Argentina has been proposed as a new cryptic species distinguishable from T. sordida from Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay by cytogenetics. We studied linear and geometric morphometry of the head, wings and pronotum in populations of these species aiming to find phenotypic markers for their discrimination, especially between T. sordida and T. garciabesi, and if any set of variables that validates T. sordida from Argentina as a new species. RESULTS Head width and pronotum length were the linear variables that best differentiated species. Geometric morphometry revealed significant Mahalanobis distances in wing shape between all pairwise comparisons. Triatoma patagonica exhibited the best discrimination and T. garciabesi overlapped the distribution of the other species in the morphometric space of the first two DFA axes. Head shape showed differentiation between all pairs of species except for T. garciabesi and T. sordida. Pronotum shape did not differentiate T. garciabesi from T. guasayana. The comparison between T. garciabesi and T. sordida from Argentina and T. sordida from Brazil and Bolivia revealed low differentiation based on head and pronotum linear measurements. Pronotum and wing shape were different between T. garciabesi and T. sordida from Brazil and Bolivia and T. sordida from Argentina. Head shape did not differentiate T. garciabesi from T. sordida from Argentina. CONCLUSIONS Wing shape best delimited the four species phenotypically. The proposed cryptic species, T. sordida from Argentina, differed from T. sordida from Brazil and Bolivia in all measured shape traits, suggesting that the putative new species may not be cryptic. Additional studies integrating cytogenetic, phenotypic and molecular markers, as well as cross-breeding experiments are needed to confirm if these three entities represent true biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Nattero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución/Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Valeria Piccinali
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución/Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catarina Macedo Lopes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900 Brazil
| | - María Laura Hernández
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y de Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, 5301 La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Luciana Abrahan
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y de Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, 5301 La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Patricia Alejandra Lobbia
- Centro de Referencia de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Hospital Colonia, Pabellón Rawson calle s/n, X5164 Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba Argentina
| | - Claudia Susana Rodríguez
- Intituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, FCEFyN, UNC, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal de la Fuente
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución/Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Gama R, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Stech M. Ecological niche comparison and molecular phylogeny segregate the invasive moss species Campylopus introflexus (Leucobryaceae, Bryophyta) from its closest relatives. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8017-8031. [PMID: 29043053 PMCID: PMC5632621 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The delimitation of the invasive moss species Campylopus introflexus from its closest relative, Campylopus pilifer, has been long debated based on morphology. Previous molecular phylogenetic reconstructions based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 showed that C. pilifer is split into an Old World and a New World lineage, but remained partly inconclusive concerning the relationships between these two clades and C. introflexus. Analyses of an extended ITS dataset displayed statistically supported incongruence between ITS1 and ITS2. ITS1 separates the New World clade of C. pilifer from a clade comprising C. introflexus and the Old World C. pilifer. Ancestral state reconstruction showed that this topology is morphologically supported by differences in the height of the dorsal costal lamellae in leaf cross-section (despite some overlap). ITS2, in contrast, supports the current morphological species concept, i.e., separating C. introflexus from C. pilifer, which is morphologically supported by the orientation of the hyaline hair point at leaf apex as well as costal lamellae height. Re-analysis of published and newly generated plastid atpB-rbcL spacer sequences supported the three ITS lineages. Ecological niche modeling proved a useful approach and showed that all three molecular lineages occupy distinct environmental spaces that are similar, but undoubtedly not equivalent. In line with the ITS1 topology, the C. pilifer lineage from the New World occupies the most distinct environmental niche, whereas the niches of Old World C. pilifer and C. introflexus are very similar. Taking the inferences from ecological niche comparisons, phylogenetics, and morphology together, we conclude that all three molecular lineages represent different taxa that should be recognized as independent species, viz. C. introflexus, C. pilifer (Old World clade), and the reinstated C. lamellatus Mont. (New World clade).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Gama
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Michael Stech
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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24
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Di Iorio O, Gürtler RE. Seasonality and Temperature-Dependent Flight Dispersal of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and Other Vectors of Chagas Disease in Western Argentina. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1285-1292. [PMID: 28605522 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flight dispersal of Triatominae is affected by climatic conditions and determines the spatiotemporal patterns of house invasion and transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). We investigated the detailed time structure and temperature dependencies of flight occurrence of Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and other triatomine species in a rural village of western Argentina by taking advantage of the attraction of adult triatomines to artificial light sources. Most of the village's streetlight posts were systematically inspected for triatomines twice between sunset and midnight over 425 nights in the spring-summer seasons of 1999-2002, an unprecedented light-trap sampling effort for any triatomine species. In total, 288 adults were captured, including 122 Triatoma guasayana Wygodzinsky and Abalos, 89 T. infestans, 72 Triatoma eratyrusiformis Del Ponte, and 5 Triatoma garciabesi Carcavallo et al. Adult sex ratios were balanced in T. infestans and strongly male-biased in other species. Nearly all flight-dispersing triatomines were caught when temperatures at sunset were >20 °C (range, 16.6-31.7 °C), suggesting a putative threshold around 17-18 °C. Triatomine catches were rare on rainy days. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the proportion of nights in which at least an adult T. infestans was caught increased highly significantly with increasing temperature at sunset and was modified by collection month, with greater catches in early spring and no sex differential. This study confirms that spring represents a previously overlooked, important dispersal period of T. infestans, and shows large variations among and within Triatominae in their temporal patterns of flight occurrence, abundance, and sex ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Di Iorio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Demari-Silva B, Multini LC, Suesdek L, Oliveira TMP, Sallum MAM, Marrelli MT. Wing Morphometry and Genetic Variability Between Culex coronator and Culex usquatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Two Sibling Species of the Coronator Group. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:901-908. [PMID: 28399207 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Culex coronator Dyar and Knab and Culex usquatus Dyar belong to the Coronator Group of the subgenus Culex. Culex coronator and Cx. usquatus are widespread and sympatric throughout their distribution range, which includes Brazil. Morphological identification of these species is based primarily on the characteristics of the male genitalia; females are indistinguishable using the qualitative characteristics employed in identification keys. The primary objective of this study was to distinguish females of Cx. coronator from those of Cx. usquatus employing both wing geometric morphometrics, and DNA sequences (NADH5, COI, Hunchback, and CAD). Additionally, we employed the isolation with migration model (IMa) to evaluate: 1) the migration rates and 2) the divergence time, between Cx. coronator and Cx. usquatus. Specimens were captured in Pariquera-Açu and Cananéia south-eastern São Paulo, Ribeira Valley, Brazil. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) demonstrated two groups in the morphospace. The accuracy of species recognition was moderate (82.6%) for Cx. coronator and low (60.8%) for Cx. usquatus. Bayesian analyses of concatenated gene sequences recovered from specimens of Cx. coronator separated the species into three lineages (herein referred to as Culex coronator A, B, and C), whereas Cx. usquatus specimens clustered into a single lineage. Lineages A and B of Cx. coronator intermixed with specimens of Cx. usquatus, and one specimen of Cx. coronator clustered into the Cx. usquatus lineage. The IMa analysis indicated that the divergence of Cx. coronator and Cx. usquatus is a slow process, with some degree of gene flow between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Demari-Silva
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública - Universidade de São Paulo - Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Laura Cristina Multini
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública - Universidade de São Paulo - Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo - Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 740, São Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M P Oliveira
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública - Universidade de São Paulo - Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública - Universidade de São Paulo - Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública - Universidade de São Paulo - Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
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26
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Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Komp E, Campbell LP, Khalighifar A, Mellenbruch J, Mendonça VJ, Owens HL, de la Cruz Felix K, Peterson AT, Ramsey JM. Automated identification of insect vectors of Chagas disease in Brazil and Mexico: the Virtual Vector Lab. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3040. [PMID: 28439451 PMCID: PMC5398287 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of arthropods important in disease transmission is a crucial, yet difficult, task that can demand considerable training and experience. An important case in point is that of the 150+ species of Triatominae, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease across the Americas. We present a fully automated system that is able to identify triatomine bugs from Mexico and Brazil with an accuracy consistently above 80%, and with considerable potential for further improvement. The system processes digital photographs from a photo apparatus into landmarks, and uses ratios of measurements among those landmarks, as well as (in a preliminary exploration) two measurements that approximate aspects of coloration, as the basis for classification. This project has thus produced a working prototype that achieves reasonably robust correct identification rates, although many more developments can and will be added, and-more broadly-the project illustrates the value of multidisciplinary collaborations in resolving difficult and complex challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ed Komp
- Information and Telecommunication Technology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Lindsay P Campbell
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Ali Khalighifar
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | | | - Vagner José Mendonça
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil
| | - Hannah L Owens
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.,Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Keynes de la Cruz Felix
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Wing geometry of Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) populations from Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 49:17-20. [PMID: 28040563 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma sordida has a widespread distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and is frequently found in peridomestic environments. We investigated size and shape variability of T. sordida wings across Brazil. Field-collected adults from twelve populations were studied. For each individual female, seven landmarks on the right wing were digitalized. Shape variables derived from Procrustes superimposition were used in Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Wing size and shape variations among populations was explored by means of ANOVA. Wing centroid size was significantly different among T. sordida populations; specimens from Bahia (East) were larger than those of Mato Grosso do Sul (West). PCA based on wing shape variables showed low wing shape variability. These results reinforce previous data showing low genetic variability among T. sordida populations from Brazil.
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Nattero J, Pita S, Calleros L, Crocco L, Panzera Y, Rodríguez CS, Panzera F. Morphological and Genetic Differentiation within the Southernmost Vector of Chagas Disease: Triatoma patagonica (Hemiptera - Reduviidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168853. [PMID: 28005972 PMCID: PMC5179239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological importance of Chagas disease vectors largely depends on their spreading ability and adaptation to domestic habitats. Triatoma patagonica is a secondary vector of Chagas disease endemic of Argentina, and it has been found colonizing domiciles and most commonly peridomiciliary structures in several Argentine provinces and morphological variation along its distribution range have been described. To asses if population differentiation represents geographic variants or true biological species, multiple genetic and phenotypic approaches and laboratory cross-breeding were performed in T. patagonica peridomestic populations. Analyses of chromatic variation of forewings, their size and the content of C-heterochromatin on chromosomes revealed that populations are structured following a North-South latitudinal variation. Cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial gene (COI) nucleotide analysis showed a mean genetic distance of 5.2% between the most distant populations. The cross-breeding experiments suggest a partial reproductive isolation between some populations with 40% of couples not laying eggs and low hatching efficiency. Our findings reveal phenotypic and genetic variations that suggest an incipient differentiation processes among T. patagonica populations with a pronounced phenotypic and genetic divergence between the most distant populations. The population differentiation here reported is probably related to differential environmental conditions and it could reflect the occurrence of an incipient speciation process in T. patagonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Nattero
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas -IIByT (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Avda. Vélez Sarsfield, piso 2, Córdoba, Argentina
- Present address: Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, CONICET, EGE, FCEyN, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160—Ciudad Universitaria—Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JN); (FP)
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Liliana Crocco
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas -IIByT (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Avda. Vélez Sarsfield, piso 2, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia S. Rodríguez
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas -IIByT (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Avda. Vélez Sarsfield, piso 2, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (JN); (FP)
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Rodríguez-Planes LI, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Canale DM, Gürtler RE. Selective Insecticide Applications Directed Against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Affected a Nontarget Secondary Vector of Chagas Disease, Triatoma garciabesi. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:144-151. [PMID: 26490000 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The control of nondomiciliated triatomine species adapted to peridomestic habitats represents a challenge because they are connected to sylvatic colonies, and pyrethroid insecticides have limited effects outdoors. The effects of residual insecticide spraying have rarely been assessed on secondary triatomines. Triatoma garciabesi (Carcavallo, Martinez, Cichero, Prosen & Ronderos, 1967) is a nontarget vector that inhabits the dry western Chaco region, and a member of the Triatoma sordida Stål 1859 complex. Little is known on the capacity of T. garciabesi to invade and establish viable domestic or peridomestic colonies, and on its response to residual insecticide sprays directed against Triatoma infestans Klug 1834. The presence and abundance of triatomines were assessed by timed manual collections annually or biannually (spring and fall) during 10 yr after a community-wide insecticide spraying campaign and selective insecticide sprays directed against T. infestans in a rural village of northwestern Argentina. T. garciabesi mainly occupied peridomestic habitats associated with chickens, and was unable to colonize human sleeping quarters. Trees with chickens occurred in nearly all houses and were infested in >25% of the occasions. The abundance of bugs at house-compound level was best explained by a generalized estimating equation model that included selective insecticide sprays during the previous semester (negative effects), chicken abundance (positive effects), seasonality, and their interactions. Our results suggest that insecticide applications targeting T. infestans affected the abundance of T. garciabesi, and reduced the likelihood of future infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Rodríguez-Planes
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; ),
| | | | - M C Cecere
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; )
| | - D M Canale
- Coordinación Nacional de Control de Vectores, Córdoba, X5000 Argentina , and
| | - R E Gürtler
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; ),
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Panzera F, Pita S, Nattero J, Panzera Y, Galvão C, Chavez T, Rojas De Arias A, Cardozo Téllez L, Noireau F. Cryptic speciation in the Triatoma sordida subcomplex (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) revealed by chromosomal markers. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:495. [PMID: 26419232 PMCID: PMC4589034 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease vectors (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) comprise more than 140 blood-sucking insect species of the Triatominae subfamily. The largest genus is Triatoma, subdivided in several complexes and subcomplexes according to morphology, ecology and genetic features. One of them is the sordida subcomplex, involving four species: Triatoma sordida, T. guasayana, T. garciabesi and T. patagonica. Given the great morphological similarity of these species, their taxonomic identification, evolutionary relationships and population differentiation have been controversial for many years and even today remain under discussion. METHODS We simultaneously analyzed two chromosomal markers, C-heterochromatin distribution and 45S ribosomal genes chromosomal position, of 139 specimens from several sordida subcomplex populations from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, collected both in nature and from several established insectaries. Our results were compared with COI sequences deposited in GenBank. RESULTS We recognized five chromosomal taxa with putative hybrids, which each differ in at least one chromosome marker. Most of them present significant differences in their mtDNA sequences. CONCLUSION The chromosomal taxa here show a significant chromosome differentiation involving changes in the C-heterochromatin content and in the ribosomal clusters position. This paper identifies several erroneously classified populations by morphological methods, delimits the geographical distribution of each taxon and proposes the existence of a new cryptic species, widely distributed in Argentina. We also suggest that sordida sibling species involve closely related as well as evolutionary distant species. Taxonomic status of each chromosomal taxon is discussed considering phenotypic and genetic results previously published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Cátedra Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Present address: Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos (LNIRTT), Instituto Oswaldo, Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Chavez
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Antonieta Rojas De Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC)/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial/Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Lourdes Cardozo Téllez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Hernando Bertoni, Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - François Noireau
- Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites dans les infections par trypanosomatidae (INTERTRYP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
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de Souza RDCM, Campolina-Silva GH, Bezerra CM, Diotaiuti L, Gorla DE. Does Triatoma brasiliensis occupy the same environmental niche space as Triatoma melanica? Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:361. [PMID: 26156398 PMCID: PMC4496957 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Latin America. This study compares the environmental niche spaces of Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma melanica using ecological niche modelling and reports findings on DNA barcoding and wing geometric morphometrics as tools for the identification of these species. METHODS We compared the geographic distribution of the species using generalized linear models fitted to elevation and current data on land surface temperature, vegetation cover and rainfall recorded by earth observation satellites for northeastern Brazil. Additionally, we evaluated nucleotide sequence data from the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) and wing geometric morphometrics as taxonomic identification tools for T. brasiliensis and T. melanica. RESULTS The ecological niche models show that the environmental spaces currently occupied by T. brasiliensis and T. melanica are similar although not equivalent, and associated with the caatinga ecosystem. The CO1 sequence analyses based on pair wise genetic distance matrix calculated using Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) evolutionary model, clearly separate the two species, supporting the barcoding gap. Wing size and shape analyses based on seven landmarks of 72 field specimens confirmed consistent differences between T. brasiliensis and T. melanica. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the separation of the two species should be attributed to a factor that does not include the current environmental conditions. However, as the caatinga is a biome that has existed in the area for at least the last 18,000 years, past conditions might have had an influence in the speciation process. The DNA Barcoding approach may be extended to these members of the subfamily Triatominae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Moreira de Souza
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 30.190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel H Campolina-Silva
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 30.190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 30.190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - David E Gorla
- IMBIV-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Lecocq T, Dellicour S, Michez D, Dehon M, Dewulf A, De Meulemeester T, Brasero N, Valterová I, Rasplus JY, Rasmont P. Methods for species delimitation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae,Bombus): towards an integrative approach. ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lecocq
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles; av. FD Roosevelt 50 1050 Brussels Belgium
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Manuel Dehon
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Alexandre Dewulf
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Brasero
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Irena Valterová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flamingovo nám 2 CZ-166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Yves Rasplus
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; UMR 1062 Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations; CS 30 016 F-34988 Montferrier/Lez Cedex France
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
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Gonzalez-Britez NE, Carrasco HJ, Martínez Purroy CE, Feliciangeli MD, Maldonado M, López E, Segovia MJ, Rojas de Arias A. Genetic and Morphometric Variability of Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from the Eastern and Western Regions of Paraguay. Front Public Health 2014; 2:149. [PMID: 25285305 PMCID: PMC4168677 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma sordida is widely distributed throughout the Chaco and the Eastern Region of Paraguay. It is associated to palm trees and artificial ecotopes located in peridomestic environments. The aim of this work was to determine genetic and morphometric variability and feeding behavior among population of T. sordida captured in domicile and peridomicile areas of Paraguay. Feeding contents and levels of genetic and morphometric variation were determined in 124 T. sordida from domicile and peridomicile populations of San Pedro and Paraguarí departments of the Eastern Region and Boquerón and Presidente Hayes departments of the Western region using Double Diffusion Gel, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and head and wings morphometry. Morphometric analysis revealed isolation of populations by geographic region and larger size in triatomine populations from the Western Region. RAPD showed no specific patterns for domicile and peridomicile populations. The estimator of diversity (F ST; 0.08) and high gene flow obtained (N m; 5.7) did not allow the establishment of genetic differentiation within the same region. The blood meal source showed that poultry feeding was 38% of host preferences, and human blood was the second feeding preference (24%) in the insects from the Eastern Region while poultry feeding was predominant in those from the Western Region (30%). This work showed homogeneity between T. sordida populations of the same region and between domicile and peridomicile. The genetic diversity was determined among T. sordida populations of both geographical regions suggesting differentiation associated to eco-geographical isolation by distance. It is important to notice that pattern feedings were different between the two regions. Further studies should be focused on how phenetic and genetic variations could be related to the adaptation capacity of these triatomine populations to domicile, increasing their vector potentiality in the transmission of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilsa E Gonzalez-Britez
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (IICS), Universidad Nacional de Asunción , Asunción , Paraguay ; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Protozoarios, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - Hernán J Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Protozoarios, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - Clara Elena Martínez Purroy
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Protozoarios, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - M Dora Feliciangeli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo , Maracay , Venezuela
| | - Marisel Maldonado
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (IICS), Universidad Nacional de Asunción , Asunción , Paraguay
| | - Elsa López
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (IICS), Universidad Nacional de Asunción , Asunción , Paraguay
| | - Maikell J Segovia
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Protozoarios, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC)/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial/Fundación Moisés Bertoni , Asunción , Paraguay
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Benítez HA, Püschel T, Lemic D, Čačija M, Kozina A, Bažok R. Ecomorphological variation of the wireworm cephalic capsule: studying the interaction of environment and geometric shape. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102059. [PMID: 25003506 PMCID: PMC4086975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the association between organismal morphology and environmental conditions has been very useful to test hypothesis regarding the influence of climate on shape. It has been long recognized that different environments produce dissimilar stress levels in insects, which can be reflected on the ability of an individual to overcome these pressures and spread further. Agriotes (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species infest agricultural fields in different parts of Croatia, inhabiting different climatic conditions. Previous biological studies have indicated that there is a relationship between some Agriotes biological parameters such as density and climatic conditions such as soil moisture and temperature. However, it is still unknown how these environmental properties influence the wireworm morphological structure. This is highly relevant because the head of this species is directly involved in the mobility in the soil, thus affecting the invasive capacity of this insect. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the association between different climatic conditions and the morphological variation of Agriotes cephalic capsule. Advanced multivariate analysis and geometric morphometric tool were applied to study the covariation between shape and environmental variables. Partial Least Squares methods were used in order to analyse the association between the wireworm head shape and three different climatic conditions: soil type, temperature and rainfall. Our results showed that there is a high covariation between the wireworm head shape and the climatic conditions. It was suggested that the observed shape–environment association could be result of the high plasticity of this species in relation to its invasive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. Benítez
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla, Arica, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Püschel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Darija Lemic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Agricultural Zoology, Svetošimunska, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Čačija
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Agricultural Zoology, Svetošimunska, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonela Kozina
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Agricultural Zoology, Svetošimunska, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Bažok
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Agricultural Zoology, Svetošimunska, Zagreb, Croatia
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Pereira JM, Almeida PSD, Sousa AVD, Paula AMD, Machado RB, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Climatic factors influencing triatomine occurrence in Central-West Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:S0074-02762013000300335. [PMID: 23778666 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the geographic distributions of triatomine species in Central-West Region of Brazil (CW) and analysed the climatic factors influencing their occurrence. A total of 3,396 records of 27 triatomine species were analysed. Using the maximum entropy method, ecological niche models were produced for eight species occurring in at least 20 municipalities based on 13 climatic variables and elevation. Triatoma sordida and Rhodnius neglectus were the species with the broadest geographic distributions in CW Brazil. The Cerrado areas in the state of Goiás were found to be more suitable for the occurrence of synanthropic triatomines than the Amazon forest areas in the northern part of the state of Mato Grosso. The variable that best explains the evaluated models is temperature seasonality. The results indicate that almost the entire region presents climatic conditions that are appropriate for at least one triatomine species. Therefore, it is recommended that entomological surveillance be reinforced in CW Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Mendes Pereira
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, DF, Brasília, Brasil
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Aguilar C, Wood Jr PL, Cusi JC, Guzmán A, Huari F, Lundberg M, Mortensen E, Ramírez C, Robles D, Suárez J, Ticona A, Vargas VJ, Venegas PJ, Sites Jr JW. Integrative taxonomy and preliminary assessment of species limits in the Liolaemus walkeri complex (Squamata, Liolaemidae) with descriptions of three new species from Peru. Zookeys 2013; 364:47-91. [PMID: 24453545 PMCID: PMC3890664 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.364.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species delimitation studies based on integrative taxonomic approaches have received considerable attention in the last few years, and have provided the strongest hypotheses of species boundaries. We used three lines of evidence (molecular, morphological, and niche envelopes) to test for species boundaries in Peruvian populations of the Liolaemus walkeri complex. Our results show that different lines of evidence and analyses are congruent in different combinations, for unambiguous delimitation of three lineages that were "hidden" within known species, and now deserve species status. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that L. walkeri, L. tacnae and the three new species are strongly separated from other species assigned to the alticolor-bibronii group. Few conventional morphological characters distinguish the new species from closely related taxa and this highlights the need to integrate other sources of data to erect strong hypothesis of species limits. A taxonomic key for known Peruvian species of the subgenus Lioalemus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Aguilar
- Department of Biology and Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University (BYU), Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Antonio Raimondi, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Perry L. Wood Jr
- Department of Biology and Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University (BYU), Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Juan C. Cusi
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Alfredo Guzmán
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Frank Huari
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Mikael Lundberg
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Emma Mortensen
- Department of Biology and Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University (BYU), Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - César Ramírez
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel Robles
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Juana Suárez
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Andres Ticona
- Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - Víctor J. Vargas
- Asociación Pro Fauna Silvestre, Urb. Mariscal Cáceres Mz. L - Lt. 48, Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru
| | - Pablo J. Venegas
- División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Santa Rita N˚105 Of. 202, Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima, Peru
| | - Jack W. Sites Jr
- Department of Biology and Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University (BYU), Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Batista VSP, Fernandes FA, Cordeiro-Estrela P, Sarquis O, Lima MM. Ecotope effect in Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) suggests phenotypic plasticity rather than adaptation. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 27:247-254. [PMID: 22985051 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is an important vector of Chagas' disease in both sylvatic and peridomestic ecotopes. Discriminating between these populations of Triatominae has been proposed as a means of investigating re-infestation rates of human dwellings. Geometric morphometrics have been widely applied in the study of Triatominae polymorphisms at species and population levels. This study characterizes morphometric differences between sylvatic and peridomestic populations, as well as between sexes in T. brasiliensis specimens from Jaguaruana, Ceará, in northeastern Brazil. No differences in either the shape or size of the cephalic capsule were apparent between sexes or ecotopes. However, the wings showed differentiation in shape and size. Sexual dimorphism was detected, with females presenting significantly higher values and conformations. Size differentiation was also evident, with sylvatic specimens being generally larger than peridomestic examples. These results indicate that differences in the wings of T. brasiliensis may be related to the existence of phenotypic plasticity, and variations in size and shape may be associated with different ecotopes, possibly as a result of conditions in each micro-habitat, such as temperature, relative humidity, food supply and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S P Batista
- Laboratório de Eco-Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lardeux F. Niche invasion, competition and coexistence amongst wild and domestic Bolivian populations of Chagas vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). C R Biol 2013; 336:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dejaco T, Arthofer W, Sheets HD, Moder K, Thaler-Knoflach B, Christian E, Mendes LF, Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM. A toolbox for integrative species delimitation in Machilis jumping bristletails (Microcoryphia: Machilidae). ZOOL ANZ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Galvão C, Costa J, Peterson AT. Geographic distribution of chagas disease vectors in Brazil based on ecological niche modeling. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:705326. [PMID: 22523500 PMCID: PMC3317230 DOI: 10.1155/2012/705326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Brazil was declared free from Chagas disease transmission by the domestic vector Triatoma infestans, human acute cases are still being registered based on transmission by native triatomine species. For a better understanding of transmission risk, the geographic distribution of Brazilian triatomines was analyzed. Sixteen out of 62 Brazilian species that both occur in >20 municipalities and present synanthropic tendencies were modeled based on their ecological niches. Panstrongylus geniculatus and P. megistus showed broad ecological ranges, but most of the species sort out by the biome in which they are distributed: Rhodnius pictipes and R. robustus in the Amazon; R. neglectus, Triatoma sordida, and T. costalimai in the Cerrado; R. nasutus, P. lutzi, T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. melanocephala, and T. petrocchiae in the Caatinga; T. rubrovaria in the southern pampas; T. tibiamaculata and T. vitticeps in the Atlantic Forest. Although most occurrences were recorded in open areas (Cerrado and Caatinga), our results show that all environmental conditions in the country are favorable to one or more of the species analyzed, such that almost nowhere is Chagas transmission risk negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cléber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Silva MBA, Barreto AVMS, Silva HAD, Galvão C, Rocha D, Jurberg J, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Synanthropic triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: geographical distribution and natural Trypanosoma infection rates between 2006 and 2007. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:60-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The present study shows a descriptive analysis of triatomine occurrence and its natural Trypanosoma infection rates in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2006 and 2007. METHODS: Entomological data for the species, such as specimens captured in both intra and peridomiciles and natural infection index, were obtained via domiciliary capture in 147 municipalities from 11 Regional Managements of Health. The database was obtained from a sample of insects (100% infected and 20% non-infected) sent to the Central Laboratory of Pernambuco. RESULTS: A total of 18,029 triatomines were analyzed from 138 municipalities of the state. Triatoma pseudomaculata (35%), Triatoma brasiliensis (34%), and Panstrongylus lutzi (25%) were the most captured species. These species also showed a widespread geographical distribution in the state. Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma petrocchiae, Triatoma melanocephala, Triatoma sordida, Rhodnius nasutus, Rhodnius neglectus, and Triatoma infestans showed more limited geographical distribution and lower relative abundance. The parasitological research showed that 8.8% of the triatomines were naturally infected with flagellates morphologically similar to Trypanosoma cruzi and 91.3% of them were captured inside houses in 113 municipalities. P. lutzi showed the highest rates of natural infection. CONCLUSIONS: After the control of T. infestans, synanthropic species, such as T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, and P. lutzi, maintain the risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans in the state of Pernambuco. These species are widely distributed, and infected specimens have been found inside houses. Thus, an enhanced surveillance and vector control of Chagas disease is recommended in Pernambuco.
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Genetics and evolution of triatomines: from phylogeny to vector control. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 108:190-202. [PMID: 21897436 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatomines are hemipteran bugs acting as vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite causes Chagas disease, one of the major parasitic diseases in the Americas. Studies of triatomine genetics and evolution have been particularly useful in the design of rational vector control strategies, and are reviewed here. The phylogeography of several triatomine species is now slowly emerging, and the struggle to reconcile the phenotypic, phylogenetic, ecological and epidemiological species concepts makes for a very dynamic field. Population genetic studies using different markers indicate a wide range of population structures, depending on the triatomine species, ranging from highly fragmented to mobile, interbreeding populations. Triatomines transmit T. cruzi in the context of complex interactions between the insect vectors, their bacterial symbionts and the parasites; however, an integrated view of the significance of these interactions in triatomine biology, evolution and in disease transmission is still lacking. The development of novel genetic markers, together with the ongoing sequencing of the Rhodnius prolixus genome and more integrative studies, will provide key tools to expanding our understanding of these important insect vectors and allow the design of improved vector control strategies.
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