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Yurtsever A, Sun L, Hirata K, Fukuma T, Rath S, Zareie H, Watanabe S, Sarikaya M. Molecular Scale Structure and Kinetics of Layer-by-Layer Peptide Self-Organization at Atomically Flat Solid Surfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7311-7325. [PMID: 36857412 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of self-organization of short peptides into two- and three-dimensional architectures are of great interest in the formation of crystalline biomolecular systems and their practical applications. Since the assembly is a dynamic process, the study of structural development is challenging at the submolecular dimensions continuously across an adequate time scale in the natural biological environment, in addition to the complexities stemming from the labile molecular structures of short peptides. Self-organization of solid binding peptides on surfaces offers prospects to overcome these challenges. Here we use a graphite binding dodecapeptide, GrBP5, and record its self-organization process of the first two layers on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface in an aqueous solution by using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy in situ. The observations suggest that the first layer forms homogeneously, generating self-organized crystals with a lattice structure in contact with the underlying graphite. The second layer formation is mostly heterogeneous, triggered by the crystalline defects on the first layer, growing row-by-row establishing nominally diverse biomolecular self-organized structures with transient crystalline phases. The assembly is highly dependent on the peptide concentration, with the nucleation being high in high molecular concentrations, e.g., >100 μM, while the domain size is small, with an increase in the growth rate that gradually slows down. Self-assembled peptide crystals are composed of either singlets or doublets establishing P1 and P2 oblique lattices, respectively, each commensurate with the underlying graphite lattice with chiral crystal relations. This work provides insights into the surface behavior of short peptides on solids and offers quantitative guidance toward elucidating molecular mechanisms of self-assembly helping in the scientific understanding and construction of coherent bio/nano hybrid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Yurtsever
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Linhao Sun
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kaito Hirata
- Institute for Frontier Science and Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Siddharth Rath
- GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hadi Zareie
- GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mehmet Sarikaya
- GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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Gut commensal bacteria enhance pathogenesis of a tumorigenic murine retrovirus. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111341. [PMID: 36103821 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the microbiota on viral transmission and replication is well appreciated. However, its impact on retroviral pathogenesis outside of transmission/replication control remains unknown. Using murine leukemia virus (MuLV), we found that some commensal bacteria promoted the development of leukemia induced by this retrovirus. The promotion of leukemia development by commensals is due to suppression of the adaptive immune response through upregulation of several negative regulators of immunity. These negative regulators include Serpinb9b and Rnf128, which are associated with a poor prognosis of some spontaneous human cancers. Upregulation of Serpinb9b is mediated by sensing of bacteria by the NOD1/NOD2/RIPK2 pathway. This work describes a mechanism by which the microbiota enhances tumorigenesis within gut-distant organs and points at potential targets for cancer therapy.
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3
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Legg MSG, Hager-Mair FF, Krauter S, Gagnon SML, Lòpez-Guzmán A, Lim C, Blaukopf M, Kosma P, Schäffer C, Evans SV. The S-layer homology domains of Paenibacillus alvei surface protein SpaA bind to cell wall polysaccharide through the terminal monosaccharide residue. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101745. [PMID: 35189140 PMCID: PMC8942822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling (glyco)protein surface layers (S-layers) are ubiquitous prokaryotic cell-surface structures involved in structural maintenance, nutrient diffusion, host adhesion, virulence, and other processes, which makes them appealing targets for therapeutics and biotechnological applications as biosensors or drug delivery systems. However, unlocking this potential requires expanding our understanding of S-layer properties, especially the details of surface-attachment. S-layers of Gram-positive bacteria often are attached through the interaction of S-layer homology (SLH) domain trimers with peptidoglycan-linked secondary cell wall polymers (SCWPs). Cocrystal structures of the SLH domain trimer from the Paenibacillus alvei S-layer protein SpaA (SpaASLH) with synthetic, terminal SCWP disaccharide and trisaccharide analogs, together with isothermal titration calorimetry binding analyses, reveal that while SpaASLH accommodates longer biologically relevant SCWP ligands within both its primary (G2) and secondary (G1) binding sites, the terminal pyruvylated ManNAc moiety serves as the nearly exclusive SCWP anchoring point. Binding is accompanied by displacement of a flexible loop adjacent to the receptor site that enhances the complementarity between protein and ligand, including electrostatic complementarity with the terminal pyruvate moiety. Remarkably, binding of the pyruvylated monosaccharide SCWP fragment alone is sufficient to cause rearrangement of the receptor-binding sites in a manner necessary to accommodate longer SCWP fragments. The observation of multiple conformations in longer oligosaccharides bound to the protein, together with the demonstrated functionality of two of the three SCWP receptor-binding sites, reveals how the SpaASLH-SCWP interaction has evolved to accommodate longer SCWP ligands and alleviate the strain inherent to bacterial S-layer adhesion during growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max S G Legg
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fiona F Hager-Mair
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Krauter
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susannah M L Gagnon
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arturo Lòpez-Guzmán
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlie Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen V Evans
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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4
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Heme A Synthase Deficiency Affects the Ability of Bacillus cereus to Adapt to a Nutrient-Limited Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031033. [PMID: 35162964 PMCID: PMC8835132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The branched aerobic respiratory chain in Bacillus cereus comprises three terminal oxidases: cytochromes aa3, caa3, and bd. Cytochrome caa3 requires heme A for activity, which is produced from heme O by heme A synthase (CtaA). In this study, we deleted the ctaA gene in B. cereus AH187 strain, this deletion resulted in loss of cytochrome caa3 activity. Proteomics data indicated that B. cereus grown in glucose-containing medium compensates for the loss of cytochrome caa3 activity by remodeling its respiratory metabolism. This remodeling involves up-regulation of cytochrome aa3 and several proteins involved in redox stress response—to circumvent sub-optimal respiratory metabolism. CtaA deletion changed the surface-composition of B. cereus, affecting its motility, autoaggregation phenotype, and the kinetics of biofilm formation. Strikingly, proteome remodeling made the ctaA mutant more resistant to cold and exogenous oxidative stresses compared to its parent strain. Consequently, we hypothesized that ctaA inactivation could improve B. cereus fitness in a nutrient-limited environment.
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Yakimov MM, Merkel AY, Gaisin VA, Pilhofer M, Messina E, Hallsworth JE, Klyukina AA, Tikhonova EN, Gorlenko VM. Cultivation of a vampire: 'Candidatus Absconditicoccus praedator'. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:30-49. [PMID: 34750952 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Halorhodospira halophila, one of the most-xerophilic halophiles, inhabits biophysically stressful and energetically expensive, salt-saturated alkaline brines. Here, we report an additional stress factor that is biotic: a diminutive Candidate-Phyla-Radiation bacterium, that we named 'Ca. Absconditicoccus praedator' M39-6, which predates H. halophila M39-5, an obligately photosynthetic, anaerobic purple-sulfur bacterium. We cultivated this association (isolated from the hypersaline alkaline Lake Hotontyn Nur, Mongolia) and characterized their biology. 'Ca. Absconditicoccus praedator' is the first stably cultivated species from the candidate class-level lineage Gracilibacteria (order-level lineage Absconditabacterales). Its closed-and-curated genome lacks genes for the glycolytic, pentose phosphate- and Entner-Doudoroff pathways which would generate energy/reducing equivalents and produce central carbon currencies. Therefore, 'Ca. Absconditicoccus praedator' is dependent on host-derived building blocks for nucleic acid-, protein-, and peptidoglycan synthesis. It shares traits with (the uncultured) 'Ca. Vampirococcus lugosii', which is also of the Gracilibacteria lineage. These are obligate parasitic lifestyle, feeding on photosynthetic anoxygenic Gammaproteobacteria, and absorption of host cytoplasm. Commonalities in their genomic composition and structure suggest that the entire Absconditabacterales lineage consists of predatory species which act to cull the populations of their respective host bacteria. Cultivation of vampire : host associations can shed light on unresolved aspects of their metabolism and ecosystem dynamics at life-limiting extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Y Merkel
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasil A Gaisin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pilhofer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Enzo Messina
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, IRBIM-CNR, Messina, Italy
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alexandra A Klyukina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Tikhonova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Gorlenko
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Salem R, ElDyasti A, Audette GF. Biomedical Applications of Biomolecules Isolated from Methanotrophic Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment Systems. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1217. [PMID: 34439884 PMCID: PMC8392503 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants and other remediation facilities serve important roles, both in public health, but also as dynamic research platforms for acquiring useful resources and biomolecules for various applications. An example of this is methanotrophic bacteria within anaerobic digestion processes in wastewater treatment plants. These bacteria are an important microbial source of many products including ectoine, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and methanobactins, which are invaluable to the fields of biotechnology and biomedicine. Here we provide an overview of the methanotrophs' unique metabolism and the biochemical pathways involved in biomolecule formation. We also discuss the potential biomedical applications of these biomolecules through creation of beneficial biocompatible products including vaccines, prosthetics, electronic devices, drug carriers, and heart stents. We highlight the links between molecular biology, public health, and environmental science in the advancement of biomedical research and industrial applications using methanotrophic bacteria in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Salem
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Ahmed ElDyasti
- Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Gerald F. Audette
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
- The Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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7
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Farci D, Kereïche S, Pangeni S, Haniewicz P, Bodrenko IV, Ceccarelli M, Winterhalter M, Piano D. Structural analysis of the architecture and in situ localization of the main S-layer complex in Deinococcus radiodurans. Structure 2021; 29:1279-1285.e3. [PMID: 34265277 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial surface layers are paracrystalline assemblies of proteins that provide the first line of defense against environmental shocks. Here, we report the 3D structure, in situ localization, and orientation of the S-layer deinoxanthin-binding complex (SDBC), a hetero-oligomeric assembly of proteins that in Deinococcus radiodurans represents the main S-layer unit. The SDBC is resolved at 11-Å resolution by single-particle analysis, while its in situ localization is determined by cryo-electron crystallography on intact cell-wall fragments leading to a projection map at 4.5-Å resolution. The SDBC exhibits a triangular base with three comma-shaped pores, and a stalk departing orthogonally from the center of the base and oriented toward the intracellular space. Combining state-of-the-art techniques, results show the organization of this S-layer and its connection within the underlying membranes, demonstrating the potential for applications from nanotechnologies to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Sushil Pangeni
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Patrycja Haniewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor V Bodrenko
- Department of Physics and IOM/CNR, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics and IOM/CNR, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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8
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Abstract
Cellulosomes are elaborate multienzyme complexes capable of efficiently deconstructing lignocellulosic substrates, produced by cellulolytic anaerobic microorganisms, colonizing a large variety of ecological niches. These macromolecular structures have a modular architecture and are composed of two main elements: the cohesin-bearing scaffoldins, which are non-catalytic structural proteins, and the various dockerin-bearing enzymes that tenaciously bind to the scaffoldins. Cellulosome assembly is mediated by strong and highly specific interactions between the cohesin modules, present in the scaffoldins, and the dockerin modules, present in the catalytic units. Cellulosomal architecture and composition varies between species and can even change within the same organism. These differences seem to be largely influenced by external factors, including the nature of the available carbon-source. Even though cellulosome producing organisms are relatively few, the development of new genomic and proteomic technologies has allowed the identification of cellulosomal components in many archea, bacteria and even some primitive eukaryotes. This reflects the importance of this cellulolytic strategy and suggests that cohesin-dockerin interactions could be involved in other non-cellulolytic processes. Due to their building-block nature and highly cellulolytic capabilities, cellulosomes hold many potential biotechnological applications, such as the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels or the development of affinity based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Alves
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
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9
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The Cytocidal Spectrum of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: From Insects to Human Cancer Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050301. [PMID: 32384723 PMCID: PMC7291302 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a ubiquitous bacterium in soils, insect cadavers, phylloplane, water, and stored grain, that produces several proteins, each one toxic to different biological targets such as insects, nematodes, mites, protozoa, and mammalian cells. Most Bt toxins identify their particular target through the recognition of specific cell membrane receptors. Cry proteins are the best-known toxins from Bt and a great amount of research has been published. Cry are cytotoxic to insect larvae that affect important crops recognizing specific cell membrane receptors such as cadherin, aminopeptidase-N, and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, some Cry toxins such as Cry4A, Cry4B, and Cry11A act synergistically with Cyt toxins against dipteran larvae vectors of human disease. Research developed with Cry proteins revealed that these toxins also could kill human cancer cells through the interaction with specific receptors. Parasporins are a small group of patented toxins that may or may not have insecticidal activity. These proteins could kill a wide variety of mammalian cancer cells by recognizing specific membrane receptors, just like Cry toxins do. Surface layer proteins (SLP), unlike the other proteins produced by Bt, are also produced by most bacteria and archaebacteria. It was recently demonstrated that SLP produced by Bt could interact with membrane receptors of insect and human cancer cells to kill them. Cyt toxins have a structure that is mostly unrelated to Cry toxins; thereby, other mechanisms of action have been reported to them. These toxins affect mainly mosquitoes that are vectors of human diseases like Anopheles spp (malaria), Aedes spp (dengue, zika, and chikungunya), and Culex spp (Nile fever and Rift Valley fever), respectively. In addition to the Cry, Cyt, and parasporins toxins produced during spore formation as inclusion bodies, Bt strains also produce Vip (Vegetative insecticidal toxins) and Sip (Secreted insecticidal proteins) toxins with insecticidal activity during their vegetative growth phase.
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10
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Farci D, Aksoyoglu MA, Farci SF, Bafna JA, Bodrenko I, Ceccarelli M, Kirkpatrick J, Winterhalter M, Kereïche S, Piano D. Structural insights into the main S-layer unit of Deinococcus radiodurans reveal a massive protein complex with porin-like features. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4224-4236. [PMID: 32071085 PMCID: PMC7105295 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the extremophile bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, the outermost surface layer is tightly connected with the rest of the cell wall. This integrated organization provides a compact structure that shields the bacterium against environmental stresses. The fundamental unit of this surface layer (S-layer) is the S-layer deinoxanthin-binding complex (SDBC), which binds the carotenoid deinoxanthin and provides both, thermostability and UV radiation resistance. However, the structural organization of the SDBC awaits elucidation. Here, we report the isolation of the SDBC with a gentle procedure consisting of lysozyme treatment and solubilization with the nonionic detergent n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside, which preserved both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of the SDBC and allows the retention of several minor subunits. As observed by low-resolution single-particle analysis, we show that the complex possesses a porin-like structural organization, but is larger than other known porins. We also noted that the main SDBC component, the protein DR_2577, shares regions of similarity with known porins. Moreover, results from electrophysiological assays with membrane-reconstituted SDBC disclosed that it is a nonselective channel that has some peculiar gating properties, but also exhibits behavior typically observed in pore-forming proteins, such as porins and ionic transporters. The functional properties of this system and its porin-like organization provide information critical for understanding ion permeability through the outer cell surface of S-layer-carrying bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Stefano Francesco Farci
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jayesh Arun Bafna
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Igor Bodrenko
- Department of Physics and IOM/CNR, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics and IOM/CNR, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Ageing-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Mursalin MH, Coburn PS, Livingston E, Miller FC, Astley R, Flores-Mireles AL, Callegan MC. Bacillus S-Layer-Mediated Innate Interactions During Endophthalmitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:215. [PMID: 32117322 PMCID: PMC7028758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus endophthalmitis is a severe intraocular infection. Hallmarks of Bacillus endophthalmitis include robust inflammation and rapid loss of vision. We reported that the absence of Bacillus surface layer protein (SLP) significantly blunted endophthalmitis severity. Here, we further investigated SLP in the context of Bacillus-retinal cell interactions and innate immune pathways to explore the mechanisms by which SLP contributes to intraocular inflammation. We compared phenotypes of Wild-type (WT) and SLP deficient (ΔslpA) Bacillus thuringiensis by analyzing bacterial adherence to and phagocytosis by human retinal Muller cells and phagocytosis by mouse neutrophils. Innate immune receptor activation by the Bacillus envelope and purified SLP was analyzed using TLR2/4 reporter cell lines. A synthetic TLR2/4 inhibitor was used as a control for this receptor activation. To induce endophthalmitis, mouse eyes were injected intravitreally with 100 CFU WT or ΔslpA B. thuringiensis. A group of WT infected mice was treated intravitreally with a TLR2/4 inhibitor at 4 h postinfection. At 10 h postinfection, infected eyes were analyzed for viable bacteria, inflammation, and retinal function. We observed that B. thuringiensis SLPs contributed to retinal Muller cell adherence, and protected this pathogen from Muller cell- and neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis. We found that B. thuringiensis envelope activated TLR2 and, surprisingly, TLR4, suggesting the presence of a surface-associated TLR4 agonist in Bacillus. Further investigation showed that purified SLP from B. thuringiensis activated TLR4, as well as TLR2 in vitro. Growth of WT B. thuringiensis was significantly higher and caused greater inflammation in untreated eyes than in eyes treated with the TLR2/4 inhibitor. Retinal function analysis also showed greater retention of A-wave and B-wave function in infected eyes treated with the TLR2/4 inhibitor. The TLR2/4 inhibitor was not antibacterial in vitro, and did not cause inflammation when injected into uninfected eyes. Taken together, these results suggest a potential role for Bacillus SLP in host-bacterial interactions, as well as in endophthalmitis pathogenesis via TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Phillip S. Coburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Erin Livingston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Frederick C. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Roger Astley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ana L. Flores-Mireles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Michelle C. Callegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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12
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Adamec F, Farci D, Bína D, Litvín R, Khan T, Fuciman M, Piano D, Polívka T. Photophysics of deinoxanthin, the keto-carotenoid bound to the main S-layer unit of Deinococcus radiodurans. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:495-503. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An ultrafast transient absorption experiment on the SDBC, which binds the carotenoid deinoxanthin, reveals a non-specific binding site that loosely binds the carotenoid, but protects the carotenoid from the outer environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Adamec
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - David Bína
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- Czech Republic
- Biology Centre
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- Czech Republic
- Biology Centre
| | - Tuhin Khan
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Plant Physiology
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW
- Warsaw
- Poland
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
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13
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Jung J, Lakatos M, Bengs S, Matys S, Raff J, Blüher A, Cuniberti G. S-layer protein-AuNP systems for the colorimetric detection of metal and metalloid ions in water. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110284. [PMID: 31421406 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial surface layer proteins (S-layer) possess unique binding properties for metal ions. By combining the binding capability of S-layer proteins with the optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNP), namely plasmonic resonance, a colorimetric detection system for metal and metalloid ions in water was developed. Eight S-layer proteins from different bacteria species were used for the functionalization of AuNP. The thus developed biohybrid systems, AuNP functionalized with S-layer proteins, were tested with different metal salt solutions, e.g. Indium(III)-chloride, Yttrium(III)-chloride or Nickel(II)-chloride, to determine their selective and sensitive binding to ionic analytes. All tested S-layer proteins displayed unique binding affinities for the different metal ions. For each S-layer and metal ion combination markedly different reaction patterns and differences in concentration range and absorption spectra were detected by UV/vis spectroscopy. In this way, the selective detection of tested metal ions was achieved by differentiated analysis of a colorimetric screening assay of these biohybrid systems. A highly selective and sensitive detection of yttrium ions down to a concentration of 1.67 × 10-5 mol/l was achieved with S-layer protein SslA functionalized AuNP. The presented biohybrid systems can thus be used as a sensitive and fast sensor system for metal and metalloid ions in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jung
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - M Lakatos
- Photonic Nanosystems, Department of Physics, University Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Gender Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Matys
- Helmholtz-Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - J Raff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Blüher
- School of Engineering Science, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - G Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Farci D, Guadalupi G, Bierła K, Lobinski R, Piano D. The Role of Iron and Copper on the Oligomerization Dynamics of DR_2577, the Main S-Layer Protein of Deinococcus radiodurans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1450. [PMID: 31333601 PMCID: PMC6615493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface (S)-layers are cryptic structures that coat the external surface of the bacterial cell in many species. The paracrystalline regularity of the S-layer is due to the self-assembling of one or more protein units. The property of self-assembling seems to be mediated by specific topologies of the S-layer proteins as well as the presence of specific ions that provide support in building and stabilizing the bi-dimensional S-layer organization. In the present study, we have investigated the self-assembling mechanism of the main S-layer protein of Deinococcus radiodurans (DR_2577) finding an unusual role played by Fe3+ and Cu2+ in the oligomerization of this protein. These findings may trace a structural and functional metallo-mediated convergence between the role of these metals in the assembling of the S-layer and their well-known roles in protecting against oxidative stress in D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Bierła
- Laboratory of Analitycal and Bioinorganic Chemistry and Environment, UMR5254 Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Laboratory of Analitycal and Bioinorganic Chemistry and Environment, UMR5254 Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Green Synthesis of Microbial Nanoparticle: Approaches to Application. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16534-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Farci D, Farci SF, Esposito F, Tramontano E, Kirkpatrick J, Piano D. On the S-layer of Thermus thermophilus and the assembling of its main protein SlpA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1554-1562. [PMID: 29803693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated and analysed the cell envelope of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8. Isolated cell walls, characterized by the dominance of the S-layer protein SlpA, are found to be constituted by several protein complexes of high molecular weights. Further isolation steps, starting from the cell wall samples, led to the selective release of the S-layer protein SlpA in solution as confirmed by mass spectrometry. Blue Native gel electrophoresis on these samples showed that SlpA is organized into a specific hierarchical order of oligomeric states that are consistent with the complexes at high molecular weight identified on the total cell wall fraction. The analysis showed that SlpA bases this peculiar organization on monomers and exceptionally stable dimers, leading to the formation of tetramers, heptamers, and decamers. Furthermore, the two elementary units of SlpA, monomers and dimers, are regulated by the presence of calcium not only for the assembling of monomers into dimers, but also for the splitting of dimers into monomers. Finally, the SlpA protein was found to be subjected to specific proteolysis leading to characteristic degradation products. Findings are discussed in terms of S-layer assembling properties as bases for understanding its structure, turn-over and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ingnazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Francesco Farci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ingnazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutebergstraβe 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ingnazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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17
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Nguyen PQ, Courchesne NMD, Duraj-Thatte A, Praveschotinunt P, Joshi NS. Engineered Living Materials: Prospects and Challenges for Using Biological Systems to Direct the Assembly of Smart Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704847. [PMID: 29430725 PMCID: PMC6309613 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vast potential exists for the development of novel, engineered platforms that manipulate biology for the production of programmed advanced materials. Such systems would possess the autonomous, adaptive, and self-healing characteristics of living organisms, but would be engineered with the goal of assembling bulk materials with designer physicochemical or mechanical properties, across multiple length scales. Early efforts toward such engineered living materials (ELMs) are reviewed here, with an emphasis on engineered bacterial systems, living composite materials which integrate inorganic components, successful examples of large-scale implementation, and production methods. In addition, a conceptual exploration of the fundamental criteria of ELM technology and its future challenges is presented. Cradled within the rich intersection of synthetic biology and self-assembling materials, the development of ELM technologies allows the power of biology to be leveraged to grow complex structures and objects using a palette of bio-nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Q. Nguyen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Noémie-Manuelle Dorval Courchesne
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anna Duraj-Thatte
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pichet Praveschotinunt
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Neel S. Joshi
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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18
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Farci D, Esposito F, El Alaoui S, Piano D. S-layer proteins as a source of carotenoids: Isolation of the carotenoid cofactor deinoxanthin from its S-layer protein DR_2577. Food Res Int 2017; 99:868-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Herrmann J, Jabbarpour F, Bargar PG, Nomellini JF, Li PN, Lane TJ, Weiss TM, Smit J, Shapiro L, Wakatsuki S. Environmental Calcium Controls Alternate Physical States of the Caulobacter Surface Layer. Biophys J 2017; 112:1841-1851. [PMID: 28494955 PMCID: PMC5425405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface layers (S-layers) are paracrystalline, proteinaceous structures found in most archaea and many bacteria. Often the outermost cell envelope component, S-layers serve diverse functions including aiding pathogenicity and protecting against predators. We report that the S-layer of Caulobacter crescentus exhibits calcium-mediated structural plasticity, switching irreversibly between an amorphous aggregate state and the crystalline state. This finding invalidates the common assumption that S-layers serve only as static wall-like structures. In vitro, the Caulobacter S-layer protein, RsaA, enters the aggregate state at physiological temperatures and low divalent calcium ion concentrations. At higher concentrations, calcium ions stabilize monomeric RsaA, which can then transition to the two-dimensional crystalline state. Caulobacter requires micromolar concentrations of calcium for normal growth and development. Without an S-layer, Caulobacter is even more sensitive to changes in environmental calcium concentration. Therefore, this structurally dynamic S-layer responds to environmental conditions as an ion sensor and protects Caulobacter from calcium deficiency stress, a unique mechanism of bacterial adaptation. These findings provide a biochemical and physiological basis for RsaA's calcium-binding behavior, which extends far beyond calcium's commonly accepted role in aiding S-layer biogenesis or oligomerization and demonstrates a connection to cellular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Herrmann
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Bioscience Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California.
| | - Fatemeh Jabbarpour
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - John F Nomellini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Po-Nan Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Thomas J Lane
- Bioscience Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California
| | - Thomas M Weiss
- Bioscience Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California
| | - John Smit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucy Shapiro
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Bioscience Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California.
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20
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Mukherjee P. Stenotrophomonas and Microbacterium: Mediated Biogenesis of Copper, Silver and Iron Nanoparticles—Proteomic Insights and Antibacterial Properties Versus Biofilm Formation. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Biology of Paenibacillus larvae, a deadly pathogen of honey bee larvae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7387-95. [PMID: 27394713 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood of honey bees, a notifiable disease in many countries. Hence, P. larvae can be considered as an entomopathogen of considerable relevance in veterinary medicine. P. larvae is a highly specialized pathogen with only one established host, the honey bee larva. No other natural environment supporting germination and proliferation of P. larvae is known. Over the last decade, tremendous progress in the understanding of P. larvae and its interactions with honey bee larvae at a molecular level has been made. In this review, we will present the recent highlights and developments in P. larvae research and discuss the impact of some of the findings in a broader context to demonstrate what we can learn from studying "exotic" pathogens.
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22
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Oikonomou CM, Chang YW, Jensen GJ. A new view into prokaryotic cell biology from electron cryotomography. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016; 14:205-20. [PMID: 26923112 PMCID: PMC5551487 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electron cryotomography (ECT) enables intact cells to be visualized in 3D in an essentially native state to 'macromolecular' (∼4 nm) resolution, revealing the basic architectures of complete nanomachines and their arrangements in situ. Since its inception, ECT has advanced our understanding of many aspects of prokaryotic cell biology, from morphogenesis to subcellular compartmentalization and from metabolism to complex interspecies interactions. In this Review, we highlight how ECT has provided structural and mechanistic insights into the physiology of bacteria and archaea and discuss prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Oikonomou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Chang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Grant J Jensen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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23
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Farci D, Slavov C, Tramontano E, Piano D. The S-layer Protein DR_2577 Binds Deinoxanthin and under Desiccation Conditions Protects against UV-Radiation in Deinococcus radiodurans. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:155. [PMID: 26909071 PMCID: PMC4754619 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans has the puzzling ability to withstand over a broad range of extreme conditions including high doses of ultraviolet radiation and deep desiccation. This bacterium is surrounded by a surface layer (S-layer) built of a regular repetition of several proteins, assembled to form a paracrystalline structure. Here we report that the deletion of a main constituent of this S-layer, the gene DR_2577, causes a decrease in the UVC resistance, especially in desiccated cells. Moreover, we show that the DR_2577 protein binds the carotenoid deinoxanthin, a strong protective antioxidant specific of this bacterium. A further spectroscopical characterization of the deinoxanthin-DR_2577 complex revealed features which could suggest a protective role of DR_2577. We propose that, especially under desiccation, the S-layer shields the bacterium from incident ultraviolet light and could behave as a first lane of defense against UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy; International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
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24
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Raff J, Matys S, Suhr M, Vogel M, Günther T, Pollmann K. S-Layer-Based Nanocomposites for Industrial Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 940:245-279. [PMID: 27677516 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This chapter covers the fundamental aspects of bacterial S-layers: what are S-layers, what is known about them, and what are their main features that makes them so interesting for the production of nanostructures. After a detailed introduction of the paracrystalline protein lattices formed by S-layer systems in nature the chapter explores the engineering of S-layer-based materials. How can S-layers be used to produce "industry-ready" nanoscale bio-composite materials, and which kinds of nanomaterials are possible (e.g., nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle immobilization, and multifunctional coatings)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of S-layer-based composite materials? Finally, the chapter highlights the potential of these innovative bacterial biomolecules for future technologies in the fields of metal filtration, catalysis, and bio-functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Raff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sabine Matys
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Suhr
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Vogel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Günther
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Pollmann
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
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25
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Hypothetical protein Avin_16040 as the S-layer protein of Azotobacter vinelandii and its involvement in plant root surface attachment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7484-95. [PMID: 26276116 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02081-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A proteomic analysis of a soil-dwelling, plant growth-promoting Azotobacter vinelandii strain showed the presence of a protein encoded by the hypothetical Avin_16040 gene when the bacterial cells were attached to the Oryza sativa root surface. An Avin_16040 deletion mutant demonstrated reduced cellular adherence to the root surface, surface hydrophobicity, and biofilm formation compared to those of the wild type. By atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis of the cell surface topography, the deletion mutant displayed a cell surface architectural pattern that was different from that of the wild type. Escherichia coli transformed with the wild-type Avin_16040 gene displayed on its cell surface organized motifs which looked like the S-layer monomers of A. vinelandii. The recombinant E. coli also demonstrated enhanced adhesion to the root surface.
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26
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Abstract
Colonization with toxigenic Clostridium difficile may be associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic carriage to mild diarrhea to life-threatening colitis. Over the last 15 years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of C. difficile infection, which predominantly affects elderly patients on antibiotics. More recently, there has been significant interest in the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and C. difficile infection. This review article discusses in some detail current knowledge of the mechanisms by which C. difficile toxins may mediate mucosal inflammation, together with the role of cell wall components of the microorganism in disease pathogenesis. Innate and adaptive host responses to C. difficile toxins and other components are described and include consideration of the potential role of known mucosal changes in IBD that may lead to an enhanced inflammatory response in the presence of C. difficile infection. Recent studies, which have characterized resident microbiota that may mediate protection against colonization by C. difficile, including their mechanisms of action, are also discussed. This includes the role of bile acids and 7α-dehydroxylase-expressing bacteria, such as Clostridium scindens. Recent studies suggest a higher carriage rate of C. difficile in patients with IBD. It is anticipated that future studies will determine the role of dysbiosis in IBD in predisposing to colonization with C. difficile.
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27
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Farci D, Bowler MW, Esposito F, McSweeney S, Tramontano E, Piano D. Purification and characterization of DR_2577 (SlpA) a major S-layer protein from Deinococcus radiodurans. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:414. [PMID: 26074883 PMCID: PMC4419837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein DR_2577 is a major Surface layer component of the radio-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. In the present study DR_2577 has been purified and its oligomeric profile characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography and gel electrophoresis. DR_2577 was found to be organized into three hierarchical orders characterized by monomers, stable dimers formed by the occurrence of disulfide bonds, and hexamers resulting from a combination of dimers. The structural implications of these findings are discussed providing new elements for a more integrated model of this S-layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matthew W Bowler
- Laboratory of Synchrotron Crystallography, Department of Structural Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Grenoble, France ; Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Laboratory of Structural Biology of RNA-Protein Complexes in Gene Expression and Host-Pathogen Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sean McSweeney
- Department of Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy ; Laboratory of Structural Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Lakatos M, Matys S, Raff J, Pompe W. Colorimetric As (V) detection based on S-layer functionalized gold nanoparticles. Talanta 2015; 144:241-6. [PMID: 26452816 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present simple and rapid colorimetric and UV/VIS spectroscopic methods for detecting anionic arsenic (V) complexes in aqueous media. The methods exploit the aggregation of S-layer-functionalized spherical gold nanoparticles of sizes between 20 and 50 nm in the presence of arsenic species. The gold nanoparticles were functionalized with oligomers of the S-layer protein of Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12. The aggregation of the nanoparticles results in a color change from burgundy-red for widely dispersed nanoparticles to blue for aggregated nanoparticles. A detailed signal analysis was achieved by measuring the shift of the particle plasmon resonance signal with UV/VIS spectroscopy. To further improve signal sensitivity, the influence of larger nanoparticles was tested. In the case of 50 nm gold nanoparticles, a concentration of the anionic arsenic (V) complex lower than 24 ppb was detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Lakatos
- Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sabine Matys
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Halsbruecker Strasse 34, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Raff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Halsbruecker Strasse 34, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pompe
- Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Synthesis of S-layer conjugates and evaluation of their modifiability as a tool for the functionalization and patterning of technical surfaces. Molecules 2015; 20:9847-61. [PMID: 26023942 PMCID: PMC6272543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical functional groups of surface layer (S-layer) proteins were chemically modified in order to evaluate the potential of S-layer proteins for the introduction of functional molecules. S-layer proteins are structure proteins that self-assemble into regular arrays on surfaces. One general feature of S-layer proteins is their high amount of carboxylic and amino groups. These groups are potential targets for linking functional molecules, thus producing reactive surfaces. In this work, these groups were conjugated with the amino acid tryptophan. In another approach, SH-groups were chemically inserted in order to extend the spectrum of modifiable groups. The amount of modifiable carboxylic groups was further evaluated by potentiometric titration in order to evaluate the potential efficiency of S-layer proteins to work as matrix for bioconjugations. The results proved that S-layer proteins can work as effective matrices for the conjugation of different molecules. The advantage of using chemical modification methods over genetic methods lies in its versatile usage enabling the attachment of biomolecules, as well as fluorescent dyes and inorganic molecules. Together with their self-assembling properties, S-layer proteins are suitable as targets for bioconjugates, thus enabling a nanostructuring and bio-functionalization of surfaces, which can be used for different applications like biosensors, filter materials, or (bio)catalytic surfaces.
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Weinert U, Vogel M, Reinemann C, Strehlitz B, Pollmann K, Raff J. S-layer proteins as an immobilization matrix for aptamers on different sensor surfaces. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Weinert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology; Dresden Germany
| | - Manja Vogel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology; Dresden Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Resource Ecology; Dresden Germany
| | - Christine Reinemann
- Department Environmental and Biotechnology Centre; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ); Leipzig Germany
| | - Beate Strehlitz
- Department Environmental and Biotechnology Centre; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ); Leipzig Germany
| | - Katrin Pollmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology; Dresden Germany
| | - Johannes Raff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology; Dresden Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Resource Ecology; Dresden Germany
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31
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Blüher A, Ostermann K, Jäckel P, Clemens A, Katzschner B, Rödel G, Mertig M. Extraction and long‐term storage of S‐layer proteins and flagella fromLysinibacillus sphaericusNCTC 9602: Building blocks for nanotechnology. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Blüher
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Kai Ostermann
- Institut für GenetikTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Petra Jäckel
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Andrè Clemens
- Institut für GenetikTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Beate Katzschner
- Institut für WerkstoffwissenschaftTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Gerhard Rödel
- Institut für GenetikTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Mertig
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Kurt‐Schwabe‐Institut für Mess‐ und Sensortechnik e. V. Meinsberg Waldheim Germany
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32
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de sa Peixoto P, Roiland C, Thomas D, Briard-Bion V, Le Guellec R, Parayre S, Deutsch SM, Jan G, Guyomarc'h F. Recrystallized S-layer protein of a probiotic Propionibacterium: structural and nanomechanical changes upon temperature or pH shifts probed by solid-state NMR and AFM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 31:199-208. [PMID: 25479375 DOI: 10.1021/la503735z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface protein layers (S layers) are common constituents of the bacterial cell wall and originate from the assembly of strain-dependent surface layer proteins (Slps). These proteins are thought to play important roles in the bacteria's biology and to have very promising technological applications as biomaterials or as part of cell-host cross-talk in probiotic mechanism. The SlpA from Propionibacterium freudenreichii PFCIRM 118 strain was isolated and recrystallized to investigate organization and assembly of the protein using atomic force microscopy and solid-state (1)H and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance. SlpA was found to form hexagonal p1 monolayer lattices where the protein exhibited high proportions of disordered regions and of bound water. The lattice structure was maintained, but softened, upon mild heating or acidification, probably in relation with the increasing mobilities of the disordered protein regions. These results gave structural insights on the mobile protein regions exposed by S layer films, upon physiologically relevant changes of their environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de sa Peixoto
- INRA-AGROCAMPUS OUEST UMR 1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35042 Rennes, France
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33
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Jones LH, Narayanan A, Hett EC. Understanding and applying tyrosine biochemical diversity. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:952-69. [PMID: 24623162 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the recent advances made in our understanding of the diversity of tyrosine biochemistry and shows how this has inspired novel applications in numerous areas of molecular design and synthesis, including chemical biology and bioconjugation. The pathophysiological implications of tyrosine biochemistry will be presented from a molecular perspective and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H Jones
- Pfizer R&D, Chemical Biology Group, BioTherapeutics Chemistry, WorldWide Medicinal Chemistry, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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34
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Tomek MB, Neumann L, Nimeth I, Koerdt A, Andesner P, Messner P, Mach L, Potempa JS, Schäffer C. The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:307-20. [PMID: 24943676 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. Further, the T9SS mutants showed a denser biofilm with fewer voids compared with the wild-type. This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. In addition, T9SS protein translocation is decoupled from O-glycan attachment in T. forsythia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Tomek
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
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35
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Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer E, Pum D. S-layers: principles and applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:823-64. [PMID: 24483139 PMCID: PMC4232325 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomolecular arrays of protein or glycoprotein subunits forming surface layers (S-layers) are one of the most commonly observed prokaryotic cell envelope components. S-layers are generally the most abundantly expressed proteins, have been observed in species of nearly every taxonomical group of walled bacteria, and represent an almost universal feature of archaeal envelopes. The isoporous lattices completely covering the cell surface provide organisms with various selection advantages including functioning as protective coats, molecular sieves and ion traps, as structures involved in surface recognition and cell adhesion, and as antifouling layers. S-layers are also identified to contribute to virulence when present as a structural component of pathogens. In Archaea, most of which possess S-layers as exclusive wall component, they are involved in determining cell shape and cell division. Studies on structure, chemistry, genetics, assembly, function, and evolutionary relationship of S-layers revealed considerable application potential in (nano)biotechnology, biomimetics, biomedicine, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe B. Sleytr
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Eva‐Maria Egelseer
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
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36
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Stieglmeier M, Klingl A, Alves RJE, Rittmann SKMR, Melcher M, Leisch N, Schleper C. Nitrososphaera viennensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic and mesophilic, ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from soil and a member of the archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:2738-2752. [PMID: 24907263 PMCID: PMC4129164 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.063172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A mesophilic, neutrophilic and aerobic, ammonia-oxidizing archaeon, strain EN76(T), was isolated from garden soil in Vienna (Austria). Cells were irregular cocci with a diameter of 0.6-0.9 µm and possessed archaella and archaeal pili as cell appendages. Electron microscopy also indicated clearly discernible areas of high and low electron density, as well as tubule-like structures. Strain EN76(T) had an S-layer with p3 symmetry, so far only reported for members of the Sulfolobales. Crenarchaeol was the major core lipid. The organism gained energy by oxidizing ammonia to nitrite aerobically, thereby fixing CO2, but growth depended on the addition of small amounts of organic acids. The optimal growth temperature was 42 °C and the optimal pH was 7.5, with ammonium and pyruvate concentrations of 2.6 and 1 mM, respectively. The genome of strain EN76(T) had a DNA G+C content of 52.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA genes showed that strain EN76(T) is affiliated with the recently proposed phylum Thaumarchaeota, sharing 85% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with the closest cultivated relative 'Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus' SCM1, a marine ammonia-oxidizing archaeon, and a maximum of 81% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with members of the phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota and any of the other recently proposed phyla (e.g. 'Korarchaeota' and 'Aigarchaeota'). We propose the name Nitrososphaera viennensis gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate strain EN76(T). The type strain of Nitrososphaera viennensis is strain EN76(T) ( = DSM 26422(T) = JMC 19564(T)). Additionally, we propose the family Nitrososphaeraceae fam. nov., the order Nitrososphaerales ord. nov. and the class Nitrososphaeria classis nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Stieglmeier
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Cell Biology and LOEWE Research Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo J. E. Alves
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Melcher
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Leisch
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Schleper
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Farci D, Bowler MW, Kirkpatrick J, McSweeney S, Tramontano E, Piano D. New features of the cell wall of the radio-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1978-84. [PMID: 24589688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the cell wall of the radio-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. Unexpectedly, the bacterial envelope appears to be organized in different complexes of high molecular weight. Each complex is composed of several proteins, most of which are coded by genes of unknown function and the majority are constituents of the inner/outer membrane system. One of the most abundant complexes is constituted by the gene DR_0774. This protein is a type of secretin which is a known subunit of the homo-oligomeric channel that represents the main bulk of the type IV piliation family. Finally, a minor component of the pink envelope consists of several inner-membrane proteins. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ingnazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matthew W Bowler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France; Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sean McSweeney
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ingnazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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38
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Pervaiz S, Shaheen T, Shaheen S, Dar N, Samra Z. Purification, characterization and preparation immunomatrixes of S-layer proteins of Thermobifida fusca. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:735-43. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pervaiz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - T. Shaheen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - S. Shaheen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - N. Dar
- Department of Biology; Jinnah Degree College for Women; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Z.Q. Samra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
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39
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Simou OM, Pantazaki AA. Evidence for lytic transglycosylase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities located at the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) granules of Thermus thermophilus HB8. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1205-21. [PMID: 23685478 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8 accumulates polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as intracellular granules used by cells as carbon and energy storage compounds. PHAs granules were isolated from cells grown in sodium gluconate (1.5 % w/v) as carbon source. Lytic activities are strongly associated and act to the PHAs granules proved with various methods. Specialized lytic trasglycosylases (LTGs) are muramidases capable of locally degrading the peptidoglycan (PG) meshwork of Gram negative bacteria. These enzymes cleave the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages between the N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of PG. Lysozyme-like activity/-ies were detected using lysoplate assay. Chitinolytic activity/-ies, were detected as N-acetyl glucosaminidases (NAG) (E.C.3.2.1.5.52) hydrolyzing the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) releasing pNP and GlcNAc. Using zymogram analysis two abundant LTGs were revealed hydrolyzing cell wall of Micrococcus lysodeikticus or purified PG incorporated as natural substrates, in SDS-PAGE and then renaturation. These proteins corresponded in a SDS-PAGE and Coomassie-stained gel in molecular mass of 110 and 32 kDa respectively, were analyzed by MALDI-MS (Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Mass Spectrometry). The 110 kDa protein was identified as an S-layer domain-containing protein [gi|336233805], while the 32 kDa similar to the hypothetical protein VDG1235_2196 (gi/254443957). Overall, the localization of PG hydrolases in PHAs granules appears to be involved to their biogenesis from membranes, and probably promoting septal PG splitting and daughter cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Simou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Dept. of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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40
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Pleschberger M, Hildner F, Rünzler D, Gelbmann N, Mayer HF, Sleytr UB, Egelseer EM. Identification of a novel gene cluster in the upstream region of the S-layer gene sbpA involved in cell wall metabolism of Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 and characterization of the recombinantly produced autolysin and pyruvyl transferase. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:323-37. [PMID: 23443476 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The S-layer protein SbpA of Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 assembles into a square (p4) lattice structure and recognizes a pyruvylated secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP) as the proper anchoring structure to the rigid cell wall layer. Sequencing of 8,004 bp in the 5'-upstream region of the S-layer gene sbpA led to five ORFs-encoding proteins involved in cell wall metabolism. After cloning and heterologous expression of ORF1 and ORF5 in Escherichia coli, the recombinant autolysin rAbpA and the recombinant pyruvyl transferase rCsaB were isolated, purified, and correct folding was confirmed by circular dichroism. Although rAbpA encoded by ORF1 showed amidase activity, it could attack whole cells of Ly. sphaericus CCM 2177 only after complete extraction of the S-layer lattice. Despite the presence of three S-layer-homology motifs on the N-terminal part, rAbpA did not show detectable affinity to peptidoglycan-containing sacculi, nor to isolated SCWP. As the molecular mass of the autolysin lies above the molecular exclusion limit of the S-layer, AbpA is obviously trapped within the rigid cell wall layer by the isoporous protein lattice. Immunogold-labeling of ultrathin-sectioned whole cells of Ly. sphaericus CCM 2177 with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against rCsaB encoded by ORF5, and cell fractionation experiments demonstrated that the pyruvyl transferase was located in the cytoplasm, but not associated with cell envelope components including the plasma membrane. In enzymatic assays, rCsaB clearly showed pyruvyl transferase activity. By using RT-PCR, specific transcripts for each ORF could be detected. Cotranscription could be confirmed for ORF2 and ORF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pleschberger
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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41
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Đordić A, Egelseer EM, Tesarz M, Sleytr UB, Keller W, Pavkov-Keller T. Crystallization of domains involved in self-assembly of the S-layer protein SbsC. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1511-4. [PMID: 23192035 PMCID: PMC3509976 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112042650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 is completely covered with a two-dimensional crystalline monolayer composed of the S-layer protein SbsC. In order to complete the structure of the full-length protein, additional soluble constructs containing the crucial domains for self-assembly have been successfully cloned, expressed and purified. Crystals obtained from three different recombinant constructs yielded diffraction to 3.4, 2.8 and 1.5 Å resolution. Native data have been collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Đordić
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M. Egelseer
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Tesarz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe B. Sleytr
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ACIB (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology) GmbH, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
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43
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Poppinga L, Janesch B, Fünfhaus A, Sekot G, Garcia-Gonzalez E, Hertlein G, Hedtke K, Schäffer C, Genersch E. Identification and functional analysis of the S-layer protein SplA of Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American Foulbrood of honey bees. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002716. [PMID: 22615573 PMCID: PMC3355101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a globally occurring, deathly epizootic of honey bee brood. AFB outbreaks are predominantly caused by two genotypes of P. larvae, ERIC I and ERIC II, with P. larvae ERIC II being the more virulent genotype on larval level. Recently, comparative proteome analyses have revealed that P. larvae ERIC II but not ERIC I might harbour a functional S-layer protein, named SplA. We here determine the genomic sequence of splA in both genotypes and demonstrate by in vitro self-assembly studies of recombinant and purified SplA protein in combination with electron-microscopy that SplA is a true S-layer protein self-assembling into a square 2D lattice. The existence of a functional S-layer protein is novel for this bacterial species. For elucidating the biological function of P. larvae SplA, a genetic system for disruption of gene expression in this important honey bee pathogen was developed. Subsequent analyses of in vivo biological functions of SplA were based on comparing a wild-type strain of P. larvae ERIC II with the newly constructed splA-knockout mutant of this strain. Differences in cell and colony morphology suggest that SplA is a shape-determining factor. Marked differences between P. larvae ERIC II wild-type and mutant cells with regard to (i) adhesion to primary pupal midgut cells and (ii) larval mortality as measured in exposure bioassays corroborate the assumption that the S-layer of P. larvae ERIC II is an important virulence factor. Since SplA is the first functionally proven virulence factor for this species, our data extend the knowledge of the molecular differences between these two genotypes of P. larvae and contribute to explaining the observed differences in virulence. These results present an immense advancement in our understanding of P. larvae pathogenesis. Paenibacillus larvae is the most devastating bacterial pathogen of honey bees. However, the molecular interactions between infected larvae and P. larvae are poorly understood and little more than speculation exist concerning virulence factors. Recently, a putative S-layer protein has been identified in P. larvae. We here demonstrate that only representatives of P. larvae genotype ERIC II harbor a functional splA-gene and that SplA is a true S-layer protein with self-assembly capability. The presence of a functional S-layer protein is novel for P. larvae. When elucidating the biological function of SplA we broke new ground by establishing primary cell culture for pupal gut cells and by developing a genetic system for disruption of gene expression in this important honey bee pathogen. By using these novel methods we were able to prove that SplA serves as a shape-determining factor, mediates adhesion to host cells, and is a key virulence factor of P. larvae ERIC II. These results present an immense advancement in our understanding of P. larvae pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose P. larvae as a model system for the analysis of the in vivo functions of S-layer proteins because P. larvae SlpA knockout-mutants retain viability and are thus suitable for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Poppinga
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Bee Pathology, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Janesch
- Department für NanoBiotechnologie, NanoGlycobiology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Anne Fünfhaus
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Bee Pathology, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sekot
- Department für NanoBiotechnologie, NanoGlycobiology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Eva Garcia-Gonzalez
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Bee Pathology, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Gillian Hertlein
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Bee Pathology, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Kati Hedtke
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Bee Pathology, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department für NanoBiotechnologie, NanoGlycobiology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Elke Genersch
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Bee Pathology, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cao Y, Johnson HM, Bazemore-Walker CR. Improved enrichment and proteomic identification of outer membrane proteins from a Gram-negative bacterium: Focus on Caulobacter crescentus. Proteomics 2011; 12:251-62. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kulshreshtha P, Aggarwal S, Jaiswal H, Bhatnagar R. S-layer homology motif is an immunogen and confers protection to mouse model against anthrax. Mol Immunol 2011; 50:18-25. [PMID: 22178119 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
SLH proteins bear an S-layer homology motif comprised of three S-layer homology (SLH) domains. Several SLH proteins in Bacillus anthracis have been recognized as immunogenic in recent past. We hypothesized that the SLH motif, the most common moiety amongst all the SLH proteins could be responsible for their immunogenicity. To test this hypothesis, we checked the immunogenic capacity of recombinant SLH motif. The rSLH fragment on immunization in mice led to the development of a potent humoral and T Helper immune response as compared to the only adjuvant immunized group. Antibodies raised against rSLH could identify the surface of B. anthracis Ames strain vegetative forms. rSLH immunization protected 50% mice challenged with B. anthracis compared to 0% survival in group of mice immunized with only adjuvant. But when rSLH immunization was synergized with a single sub-optimal dose of rPA (Protective Antigen), 80% immunized mice survived the lethal challenge of B. anthracis. Taken together, for the first time we demonstrate the immunogenic and protective potential of SLH motif of the SLH proteins of B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Kulshreshtha
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer EM, Pum D, Horejs CM, Tscheliessnig R, Ilk N. Nanobiotechnology with S-layer proteins as building blocks. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 103:277-352. [PMID: 21999999 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in nanobiotechnology is the utilization of self- assembly systems, wherein molecules spontaneously associate into reproducible aggregates and supramolecular structures. In this contribution, we describe the basic principles of crystalline bacterial surface layers (S-layers) and their use as patterning elements. The broad application potential of S-layers in nanobiotechnology is based on the specific intrinsic features of the monomolecular arrays composed of identical protein or glycoprotein subunits. Most important, physicochemical properties and functional groups on the protein lattice are arranged in well-defined positions and orientations. Many applications of S-layers depend on the capability of isolated subunits to recrystallize into monomolecular arrays in suspension or on suitable surfaces (e.g., polymers, metals, silicon wafers) or interfaces (e.g., lipid films, liposomes, emulsomes). S-layers also represent a unique structural basis and patterning element for generating more complex supramolecular structures involving all major classes of biological molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, glycans, nucleic acids, or combinations of these). Thus, S-layers fulfill key requirements as building blocks for the production of new supramolecular materials and nanoscale devices as required in molecular nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, biomimetics, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe B Sleytr
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Toba T, Virkola R, Westerlund B, Bjorkman Y, Sillanpaa J, Vartio T, Kalkkinen N, Korhonen TK. A Collagen-Binding S-Layer Protein in Lactobacillus crispatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 61:2467-71. [PMID: 16535065 PMCID: PMC1388483 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.7.2467-2471.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two S-layer-expressing strains, Lactobacillus crispatus JCM 5810 and Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1132, were assessed for adherence to proteins of the mammalian extracellular matrix. L. crispatus JCM 5810 adhered efficiently to immobilized type IV and I collagens, laminin, and, with a lower affinity, to type V collagen and fibronectin. Strain JCM 1132 did not exhibit detectable adhesiveness. Within the fibronectin molecule, JCM 5810 recognized the 120-kDa cell-binding fragment of the protein, while no bacterial adhesion to the amino-terminal 30-kDa or the gelatin-binding 40-kDa fragment was detected. JCM 5810 but not JCM 1132 also bound (sup125)I-labelled soluble type IV collagen, and this binding was efficiently inhibited by unlabelled type IV and I collagens and less efficiently by type V collagen, but not by laminin or fibronectin. L. crispatus JCM 5810 but not L. acidophilus JCM 1132 also adhered to Matrigel, a reconstituted basement membrane preparation from mouse sarcoma cells, as well as to the extracellular matrix prepared from human Intestine 407 cells. S-layers from both strains were extracted with 2 M guanidine hydrochloride, separated by electrophoresis, and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. The S-layer protein from JCM 5810 bound (sup125)I-labelled type IV collagen, whereas no binding was seen with the S-layer protein from JCM 1132. Binding of (sup125)I-collagen IV to the JCM 5810 S-layer protein was effectively inhibited by unlabelled type I and IV collagens but not by type V collagen, laminin, or fibronectin. It was concluded that L. crispatus JCM 5810 has the capacity to adhere to human subintestinal extracellular matrix via a collagen-binding S-layer.
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Kroutil M, Pavkov T, Birner-Gruenberger R, Tesarz M, Sleytr UB, Egelseer EM, Keller W. Towards the structure of the C-terminal part of the S-layer protein SbsC. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:1042-7. [PMID: 19851018 PMCID: PMC2765897 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109035386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The S-layer protein SbsC from Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 is the most prevalent single protein produced by the bacterium and covers the complete bacterial surface in the form of a two-dimensional crystalline monolayer. In order to elucidate the structural features of the assembly domains, several N-terminally truncated fragments of SbsC have been crystallized. Crystals obtained from recombinant fragments showed anisotropic diffraction to a maximum of 3.5 A resolution using synchrotron radiation. The best diffracting crystals were obtained from rSbsC(755-1099), an unintentional in situ proteolytic degradation product of rSbsC(447-1099). Crystals were obtained in two different space groups, P2(1) and P4(1)2(1)2, and diffracted to 2.6 and 3 A resolution, respectively. Native and heavy-atom derivative data have been collected. The structure of the C-terminal part will yield atomic resolution information for the domains that are crucial for the assembly of the two-dimensional lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kroutil
- Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov
- Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Medical University of Graz, Center for Medical Research, Proteomics Core Facility, Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Tesarz
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe B. Sleytr
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva M. Egelseer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Graz, Austria
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Ferner-Ortner-Bleckmann J, Huber-Gries C, Pavkov T, Keller W, Mader C, Ilk N, Sleytr UB, Egelseer EM. The high-molecular-mass amylase (HMMA) of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 interacts with the cell wall components by virtue of three specific binding regions. Mol Microbiol 2009; 72:1448-61. [PMID: 19460092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence encoding the high-molecular-mass amylase (HMMA) of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 was established by PCR techniques. Based on the hmma gene sequence, the full-length rHMMA, four N- or C-terminal rHMMA truncations as well as three C-terminal rHMMA fragments were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified rHMMA forms were used either for affinity studies with the recombinant (r) S-layer protein SbsC (rSbsC), peptidoglycan-containing sacculi (PGS) and pure peptidoglycan (PG) devoid of the secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP), or for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies using rSbsC and isolated SCWP. In the C-terminal part of the HMMA, three specific binding regions, one for each cell wall component (rSbsC, SCWP and PG), could be identified. The functionality of the PG-binding domain could be confirmed by replacing the main part of the SCWP-binding domain of an S-layer protein by the PG-binding domain of the HMMA. The present work describes a completely new and highly economic strategy for cell adhesion of an exoenzyme.
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50
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Sánchez B, Arias S, Chaignepain S, Denayrolles M, Schmitter JM, Bressollier P, Urdaci MC. Identification of surface proteins involved in the adhesion of a probiotic Bacillus cereus strain to mucin and fibronectin. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:1708-1716. [PMID: 19372165 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.025288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several Bacillus strains isolated from commercial probiotic preparations were identified at the species level, and their adhesion capabilities to three different model intestinal surfaces (mucin, Matrigel and Caco-2 cells) were assessed. In general, adhesion of spores was higher than that of vegetative cells to the three matrices, and overall strain Bacillus cereus(CH) displayed the best adhesion. Different biochemical treatments revealed that surface proteins of B. cereus(CH) were involved in the adhesion properties of the strain. Surface-associated proteins from vegetative cells and spores of B. cereus(CH) were extracted and identified, and some proteins such as S-layer components, flagellin and cell-bound proteases were found to bind to mucin or fibronectin. These facts suggest that those proteins might play important roles in the interaction of this probiotic Bacillus strain within the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sánchez
- UMR 5248 CBMN CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1-ENITAB, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - S Arias
- UMR 5248 CBMN CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1-ENITAB, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - S Chaignepain
- UMR 5248 CBMN CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1-ENITAB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, B8 avenue des facultés, F-33402 Talence Cedex, France
| | - M Denayrolles
- UMR 5248 CBMN CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1-ENITAB, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - J M Schmitter
- UMR 5248 CBMN CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1-ENITAB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, B8 avenue des facultés, F-33402 Talence Cedex, France
| | - P Bressollier
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, FST, 123 Av. A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France.,UMR 5248 CBMN CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1-ENITAB, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - M C Urdaci
- UMR 5248 CBMN CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1-ENITAB, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
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