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Lanoue J, St Louis S, Little C, Hao X. Photosynthetic adaptation strategies in peppers under continuous lighting: insights into photosystem protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1372886. [PMID: 38882573 PMCID: PMC11176547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1372886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Energy efficient lighting strategies have received increased interest from controlled environment producers. Long photoperiods (up to 24 h - continuous lighting (CL)) of lower light intensities could be used to achieve the desired daily light integral (DLI) with lower installed light capacity/capital costs and low electricity costs in regions with low night electricity prices. However, plants grown under CL tend to have higher carbohydrate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which may lead to leaf chlorosis and down-regulation of photosynthesis. We hypothesize that the use of dynamic CL using a spectral change and/or light intensity change between day and night can negate CL-injury. In this experiment we set out to assess the impact of CL on pepper plants by subjecting them to white light during the day and up to 150 µmol m-2 s-1 of monochromatic blue light at night while controlling the DLI at the same level. Plants grown under all CL treatments had similar cumulative fruit number and weight compared to the 16h control indicating no reduction in production. Plants grown under CL had higher carbohydrate levels and ROS-scavenging capacity than plants grown under the 16h control. Conversely, the amount of photosynthetic pigment decreased with increasing nighttime blue light intensity. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a metric often used to measure stress, was unaffected by light treatments. However, when light-adapted, the operating efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII) decreased and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased with increasing nighttime blue light intensity. This suggests that both acclimated and instantaneous photochemistry during CL can be altered and is dependent on the nighttime light intensity. Furthermore, light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence measurements may be more adept at detecting altered photochemical states than the conventional stress metric using dark-adapted measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lanoue
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah St Louis
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
| | - Celeste Little
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
| | - Xiuming Hao
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
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Xu K, Guo Y, Xing C, Fu R, Zou B, Liu R, Cai L, Yan J, Wu XL, Cai M. Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets mitigate cadmium toxicity in Glycine max L. by promoting cadmium retention in root and improving photosynthetic performance. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:543-555. [PMID: 38105075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a serious threat to plant growth and yield. Nanomaterials have shown great application potential for alleviation of Cd toxicity to plants. In this study, we applied graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs) for alleviation of Cd-toxicity to soybean (Glycine max L.). The g-C3N4 NSs supplementation significantly improved plant growth and reduced oxidative damage in the Cd-toxicated soybean seedlings through hydroponic culture. Particularly, the g-C3N4 NSs dynamically regulated the root cell wall (RCW) components by increasing pectin content and modifying its demethylation via enhancing pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, therefore greatly enhanced stronger RCW-Cd retention (up to 82.8%) and reduced Cd migration to the shoot. Additionally, the g-C3N4 NSs reversed the Cd-induced chlorosis, increased photosynthetic efficiency because of enhancement in Fv/Fm ration, Y(II) and sugars content. These results provide new insights into the alleviation of Cd toxicity to plants by g-C3N4 NSs, and shed light on the application of low-cost and environmental-friendly carbon-based NMs for alleviating heavy metal toxicity to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yunyu Guo
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Chenghua Xing
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Ronglong Fu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bin Zou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Rongchuan Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Luyi Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jianfang Yan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Miaozhen Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Das D, Chowdhury N, Sharma M, Suma R, Saikia B, Velmurugan N, Chikkaputtaiah C. Screening for brown-spot disease and drought stress response and identification of dual-stress responsive genes in rice cultivars of Northeast India. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:647-663. [PMID: 38737323 PMCID: PMC11087401 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Rice cultivation in Northeast India (NEI) primarily relies on rainfed conditions, making it susceptible to severe drought spells that promote the onset of brown spot disease (BSD) caused by Bipolaris oryzae. This study investigates the response of prevalent rice cultivars of NEI to the combined stress of drought and B. oryzae infection. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes were recorded post-stress imposition. Qualitative assessment of reactive oxygen species through DAB (3,3-diaminobenzidine) assay confirmed the elicitation of plant defense responses. Based on drought scoring system and biochemical analyses, the cultivars were categorized into susceptible (Shasharang and Bahadur), moderately susceptible (Gitesh and Ranjit), and moderately tolerant (Kapilee and Mahsuri) groups. Antioxidant enzyme accumulation (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase) and osmolyte (proline) levels increased in all stressed plants, with drought-tolerant cultivars exhibiting higher enzyme activities, indicating stress mitigation efforts. Nevertheless, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation rates increased in all stressed conditions, though variations were observed among stress types. Based on findings from a previous transcriptomic study, a total of nine genes were chosen for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Among these, OsEBP89 appeared as a potential negative regulatory gene, demonstrating substantial upregulation in the susceptible cultivars at both 48 and 72 h post-treatment (hpt). This finding suggests that OsEBP89 may play a role in conferring drought-induced susceptibility to BSD in the rice cultivars being investigated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01447-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Remya Suma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - Banashree Saikia
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Natarajan Velmurugan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
- Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, Biological Sciences Division, CSIR-NEIST, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh 791110 India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Rossouw GC, Orr R, Bennett D, Bally ISE. The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango ( Mangifera indica). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23195. [PMID: 38588720 DOI: 10.1071/fp23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive development of fruiting trees, including mango (Mangifera indica L.), is limited by non-structural carbohydrates. Competition for sugars increases with cropping, and consequently, vegetative growth and replenishment of starch reserves may reduce with high yields, resulting in interannual production variability. While the effect of crop load on photosynthesis and the distribution of starch within the mango tree has been studied, the contribution of starch and sugars to different phases of reproductive development requires attention. This review focuses on mango and examines the roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting trees to clarify the repercussions of crop load on reproductive development. Starch buffers the plant's carbon availability to regulate supply with demand, while sugars provide a direct resource for carbon translocation. Sugar signalling and interactions with phytohormones play a crucial role in flowering, fruit set, growth, ripening and retention, as well as regulating starch, sugar and secondary metabolites in fruit. The balance between the leaf and fruit biomass affects the availability and contributions of starch and sugars to fruiting. Crop load impacts photosynthesis and interactions between sources and sinks. As a result, the onset and rate of reproductive processes are affected, with repercussions for fruit size, composition, and the inter-annual bearing pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard C Rossouw
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
| | - Ryan Orr
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
| | - Dale Bennett
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
| | - Ian S E Bally
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
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Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Caldana C. Impact of the TOR pathway on plant growth via cell wall remodeling. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 294:154202. [PMID: 38422631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth is intimately linked to the availability of carbon and energy status. The Target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a highly relevant metabolic sensor and integrator of plant-assimilated C into development and growth. The cell wall accounts for around a third of the cell biomass, and the investment of C into this structure should be finely tuned for optimal growth. The plant C status plays a significant role in controlling the rate of cell wall synthesis. TOR signaling regulates cell growth and expansion, which are fundamental processes for plant development. The availability of nutrients and energy, sensed and integrated by TOR, influences cell division and elongation, ultimately impacting the synthesis and deposition of cell wall components. The plant cell wall is crucial in environmental adaptation and stress responses. TOR senses and internalizes various environmental cues, such as nutrient availability and stresses. These environmental factors influence TOR activity, which modulates cell wall remodeling to cope with changing conditions. Plant hormones, including auxins, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids, also regulate TOR signaling and cell wall-related processes. The connection between nutrients and cell wall pathways modulated by TOR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliana Calderan-Rodrigues
- Max-Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Miret JA, Griffiths CA, Paul MJ. Sucrose homeostasis: Mechanisms and opportunity in crop yield improvement. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 294:154188. [PMID: 38295650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Sugar homeostasis is a critical feature of biological systems. In humans, raised and dysregulated blood sugar is a serious health issue. In plants, directed changes in sucrose homeostasis and allocation represent opportunities in crop improvement. Plant tissue sucrose varies more than blood glucose and is found at higher concentrations (cytosol and phloem ca. 100 mM v 3.9-6.9 mM for blood glucose). Tissue sucrose varies with developmental stage and environment, but cytosol and phloem exhibit tight sucrose control. Sucrose homeostasis is a consequence of the integration of photosynthesis, synthesis of storage end-products such as starch, transport of sucrose to sinks and sink metabolism. Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P)-SnRK1 and TOR play central, still emerging roles in regulating and coordinating these processes. Overall, tissue sucrose levels are more strongly related to growth than to photosynthesis. As a key sucrose signal, T6P regulates sucrose levels, transport and metabolic pathways to coordinate source and sink at a whole plant level. Emerging evidence shows that T6P interacts with meristems. With careful targeting, T6P manipulation through exploiting natural variation, chemical intervention and genetic modification is delivering benefits for crop yields. Regulation of cereal grain set, filling and retention may be the most strategically important aspect of sucrose allocation and homeostasis for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Miret
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Cara A Griffiths
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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7
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Thompson RA. A neutral theory of plant carbon allocation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad151. [PMID: 38102767 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
How plants use the carbon they gain from photosynthesis remains a key area of study among plant ecologists. Although numerous theories have been presented throughout the years, the field lacks a clear null model. To fill this gap, I have developed the first null model, or neutral theory, of plant carbon allocation using probability theory, plant biochemistry and graph theory at the level of a leaf. Neutral theories have been used to establish a null hypothesis in molecular evolution and community assembly to describe how much of an ecological phenomenon can be described by chance alone. Here, the aim of a neutral theory of plant carbon allocation is to ask: how is carbon partitioned between sinks if one assumes plants do not prioritize certain sinks over others? Using the biochemical network of plant carbon metabolism, I show that, if allocation was strictly random, carbon is more likely to be allocated to storage, defense, respiration and finally growth. This 'neutral hierarchy' suggests that a sink's biochemical distance from photosynthesis plays an important role in carbon allocation patterns, highlighting the potentially adaptive role of this biochemical network for plant survival in variable environments. A brief simulation underscores that our ability to measure the carbon allocation from photosynthesis to a given sink is unreliable due to simple probabilistic rules. While neutral theory may not explain all patterns of carbon allocation, its utility is in the minimal assumptions and role as a null model against which future data should be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alex Thompson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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8
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Qin H, Sun M, Guo W, He Y, Yao Y, Resco de Dios V. Time-dependent regulation of respiration is widespread across plant evolution. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:408-415. [PMID: 37927244 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the temperature dependence of respiration is critical for accurate predictions of the global carbon cycle under climate change. Diurnal temperature fluctuations, or changes in substrate availability, lead to variations in leaf respiration. Additionally, recent studies hint that the thermal sensitivity of respiration could be time-dependent. However, the role for endogenous processes, independent from substrate availability, as drivers of temporal changes in the sensitivity of respiration to temperature across phylogenies has not yet been addressed. Here, we examined the diurnal variation in the response of respiration to temperatures (R-T relationship) for different lycophyte, fern, gymnosperm and angiosperm species. We tested whether time-dependent changes in the R-T relationship would impact leaf level respiration modelling. We hypothesized that interactions between endogenous processes, like the circadian clock, and leaf respiration would be independent from changes in substrate availability. Overall, we observed a time-dependent sensitivity in the R-T relationship across phylogenies, independent of temperature, that affected modelling parameters. These results are compatible with circadian gating of respiration, but further studies should analyse the possible involvement of the clock. Our results indicate time-dependent regulation of respiration might be widespread across phylogenies, and that endogenous regulation of respiration is likely affecting leaf-level respiration fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Weizhou Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yingpeng He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lérida, Spain
- JRU CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Centre, Lérida, Spain
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9
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Ichikawa S, Sakata M, Oba T, Kodama Y. Fluorescein staining of chloroplast starch granules in living plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:662-672. [PMID: 37792703 PMCID: PMC10828193 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast starch granules (cpSGs) store energy harvested through photosynthesis in plants, and cpSG dynamics have important roles in plant energy metabolism and stress responses. To date, cpSGs have been visualized using several methods, such as iodine staining; however, no method can be used to specifically visualize cpSGs in living cells from various plant species. Here, we report a simple method to visualize cpSGs in living plant cells in various species by staining with fluorescein, a commonly used fluorescent dye. We show that fluorescein is taken up into chloroplasts and interacts with cpSGs similarly to iodine. Fluorescein also interacts with refined starch in vitro. Using a fluorescein derivative for ultrabright cpSG imaging, we produced high-quality 3D reconstructions of cpSGs and evaluated their accumulation in multiple plant species. As fluorescein is well known and readily purchasable, our fluorescein-based staining method should contribute to all research regarding starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ichikawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Momoko Sakata
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toru Oba
- Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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10
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Puzanskiy RK, Romanyuk DA, Kirpichnikova AA, Yemelyanov VV, Shishova MF. Plant Heterotrophic Cultures: No Food, No Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38256830 PMCID: PMC10821431 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells are capable of uptaking exogenous organic substances. This inherited trait allows the development of heterotrophic cell cultures in various plants. The most common of them are Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant cells are widely used in academic studies and as factories for valuable substance production. The repertoire of compounds supporting the heterotrophic growth of plant cells is limited. The best growth of cultures is ensured by oligosaccharides and their cleavage products. Primarily, these are sucrose, raffinose, glucose and fructose. Other molecules such as glycerol, carbonic acids, starch, and mannitol have the ability to support growth occasionally, or in combination with another substrate. Culture growth is accompanied by processes of specialization, such as elongation growth. This determines the pattern of the carbon budget. Culture ageing is closely linked to substrate depletion, changes in medium composition, and cell physiological rearrangements. A lack of substrate leads to starvation, which results in a decrease in physiological activity and the mobilization of resources, and finally in the loss of viability. The cause of the instability of cultivated cells may be the non-optimal metabolism under cultural conditions or the insufficiency of internal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman K. Puzanskiy
- Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.Y.)
| | - Maria F. Shishova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.Y.)
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Lerdau MT, Monson RK, Ehleringer JR. The carbon balance of plants: economics, optimization, and trait spectra in a historical perspective. Oecologia 2023; 203:297-310. [PMID: 37874360 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Over fifty years have passed since the publication of Harold Mooney's formative paper, "The Carbon Balance of Plants" on pages 315-346 of Volume 3 (1972) of Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Arguably, the conceptual framework presented in that paper, and the work by Mooney and his students leading up to the paper, provided the foundational principles from which core disciplines emerged in plant economic theory, functional trait theory and, more generally, plant physiological ecology. Here, we revisit the primary impacts of those early discoveries to understand how researchers constructed major concepts in our understanding of plant adaptations, and where those concepts are likely to take us in the near future. The discipline of functional trait ecology, which is rooted in the principles of evolutionary and economic optimization, has captured the imagination of the plant physiological ecology research community, though its emphasis has shifted toward predicting species distributions and ecological roles across resource gradients. In the face of 'big-data' research pursuits that are revealing trait expression patterns at the cellular level and mass and energy exchange patterns at the planetary scale, an opportunity exists to reconnect the principles of plant carbon balance and evolutionary optimization with trait origins at the genetic and cellular scales and trait impacts at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel T Lerdau
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Russell K Monson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - James R Ehleringer
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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12
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Rajkumari N, Chowrasia S, Nishad J, Ganie SA, Mondal TK. Metabolomics-mediated elucidation of rice responses to salt stress. PLANTA 2023; 258:111. [PMID: 37919614 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Role of salinity responsive metabolites of rice and its wild species has been discussed. Salinity stress is one of the important environmental stresses that severely affects rice productivity. Although, several vital physio-biochemical and molecular responses have been activated in rice under salinity stress which were well described in literatures, the mechanistic role of salt stress and microbes-induced metabolites to overcome salt stress in rice are less studied. Nevertheless, over the years, metabolomic studies have allowed a comprehensive analyses of rice salt stress responses. Hence, we review the salt stress-triggered alterations of various metabolites in rice and discuss their significant roles toward salinity tolerance. Some of the metabolites such as serotonin, salicylic acid, ferulic acid and gentisic acid may act as signaling molecules to activate different downstream salt-tolerance mechanisms; whereas, the other compounds such as amino acids, sugars and organic acids directly act as protective agents to maintain osmotic balance and scavenger of reactive oxygen species during the salinity stress. The quantity, type, tissues specificity and time of accumulation of metabolites induced by salinity stress vary between salt-sensitive and tolerant rice genotypes and thus, contribute to their different degrees of salt tolerance. Moreover, few tolerance metabolites such as allantoin, serotonin and melatonin induce unique pathways for activation of defence mechanisms in salt-tolerant varieties of rice, suggesting their potential roles as the universal biomarkers for salt tolerance. Therefore, these metabolites can be applied exogenously to the sensitive genotypes of rice to enhance their performance under salt stress. Furthermore, the microbes of rhizosphere also participated in rice salt tolerance either directly or indirectly by regulating their metabolic pathways. Thus, this review for the first time offers valuable and comprehensive insights into salt-induced spatio-temporal and genotype-specific metabolites in different genotypes of rice which provide a reference point to analyze stress-gene-metabolite relationships for the biomarker designing in rice. Further, it can also help to decipher several metabolic systems associated with salt tolerance in rice which will be useful in developing salt-tolerance cultivars by conventional breeding/genetic engineering/exogenous application of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitasana Rajkumari
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Soni Chowrasia
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banastahli Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Jyoti Nishad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Sciences and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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13
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de Barros Dantas LL, Eldridge BM, Dorling J, Dekeya R, Lynch DA, Dodd AN. Circadian regulation of metabolism across photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:650-668. [PMID: 37531328 PMCID: PMC10953457 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Circadian regulation produces a biological measure of time within cells. The daily cycle in the availability of light for photosynthesis causes dramatic changes in biochemical processes in photosynthetic organisms, with the circadian clock having crucial roles in adaptation to these fluctuating conditions. Correct alignment between the circadian clock and environmental day-night cycles maximizes plant productivity through its regulation of metabolism. Therefore, the processes that integrate circadian regulation with metabolism are key to understanding how the circadian clock contributes to plant productivity. This forms an important part of exploiting knowledge of circadian regulation to enhance sustainable crop production. Here, we examine the roles of circadian regulation in metabolic processes in source and sink organ structures of Arabidopsis. We also evaluate possible roles for circadian regulation in root exudation processes that deposit carbon into the soil, and the nature of the rhythmic interactions between plants and their associated microbial communities. Finally, we examine shared and differing aspects of the circadian regulation of metabolism between Arabidopsis and other model photosynthetic organisms, and between circadian control of metabolism in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. This synthesis identifies a variety of future research topics, including a focus on metabolic processes that underlie biotic interactions within ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany M. Eldridge
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Jack Dorling
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Richard Dekeya
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Deirdre A. Lynch
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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14
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Chang CY, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Ensminger I. Rapid response of nonstructural carbohydrate allocation and photosynthesis to short photoperiod, low temperature, or elevated CO 2 in Pinus strobus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14095. [PMID: 38148184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
During autumn, decreasing photoperiod and temperature temporarily perturb the balance between carbon uptake and carbon demand in overwintering plants, requiring coordinated adjustments in photosynthesis and carbon allocation to re-establish homeostasis. Here we examined adjustments of photosynthesis and allocation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) following a sudden shift to short photoperiod, low temperature, and/or elevated CO2 in Pinus strobus seedlings. Seedlings were initially acclimated to 14 h photoperiod (22/15°C day/night) and ambient CO2 (400 ppm) or elevated CO2 (800 ppm). Seedlings were then shifted to 8 h photoperiod for one of three treatments: no temperature change at ambient CO2 (22/15°C, 400 ppm), low temperature at ambient CO2 (12/5°C, 400 ppm), or no temperature change at elevated CO2 (22/15°C, 800 ppm). Short photoperiod caused all seedlings to exhibit partial nighttime depletion of starch. Short photoperiod alone did not affect photosynthesis. Short photoperiod combined with low temperature caused hexose accumulation and repression of photosynthesis within 24 h, followed by a transient increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Under long photoperiod, plants grown under elevated CO2 exhibited significantly higher NSCs and photosynthesis compared to ambient CO2 plants, but carbon uptake exceeded sink capacity, leading to elevated NPQ; carbon sink capacity was restored and NPQ relaxed within 24 h after shift to short photoperiod. Our findings indicate that P. strobus rapidly adjusts NSC allocation, not photosynthesis, to accommodate short photoperiod. However, the combination of short photoperiod and low temperature, or long photoperiod and elevated CO2 disrupts the balance between photosynthesis and carbon sink capacity, resulting in increased NPQ to alleviate excess energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Chang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Khan A, Cheng J, Kitashova A, Fürtauer L, Nägele T, Picco C, Scholz-Starke J, Keller I, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Vacuolar sugar transporter EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 affects fructose signaling and plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2141-2163. [PMID: 37427783 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of intracellular sugar homeostasis is maintained by regulation of activities of sugar import and export proteins residing at the tonoplast. We show here that the EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 (ERDL4) protein, a member of the monosaccharide transporter family, resides in the vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression and subcellular fractionation studies indicated that ERDL4 participates in fructose allocation across the tonoplast. Overexpression of ERDL4 increased total sugar levels in leaves due to a concomitantly induced stimulation of TONOPLAST SUGAR TRANSPORTER 2 (TST2) expression, coding for the major vacuolar sugar loader. This conclusion is supported by the finding that tst1-2 knockout lines overexpressing ERDL4 lack increased cellular sugar levels. ERDL4 activity contributing to the coordination of cellular sugar homeostasis is also indicated by 2 further observations. First, ERDL4 and TST genes exhibit an opposite regulation during a diurnal rhythm, and second, the ERDL4 gene is markedly expressed during cold acclimation, representing a situation in which TST activity needs to be upregulated. Moreover, ERDL4-overexpressing plants show larger rosettes and roots, a delayed flowering time, and increased total seed yield. Consistently, erdl4 knockout plants show impaired cold acclimation and freezing tolerance along with reduced plant biomass. In summary, we show that modification of cytosolic fructose levels influences plant organ development and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azkia Khan
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jintao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anastasia Kitashova
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Institute for Biology III, Unit of Plant Molecular Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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16
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Qi Y, Gao P, Yang S, Li L, Ke Y, Wei H, Huang F, Yu L. Comparative metabolomics analysis reveals dynamic changes in carbohydrate profiles of corms during the "relay growth" of konjac ( Amorphophallus muelleri). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1259561. [PMID: 37920719 PMCID: PMC10619727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1259561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The type and content of carbohydrates in konjac corms are an essential factors in determining the quality of konjac; however, the pattern of carbohydrate changes and the mechanism regulating the development of mother and daughter corms in the "relay growth" process of Amorphophallus muelleri remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in corm carbohydrates during the growth cycle of A. muelleri and to compare the carbohydrate composition and the expression of related genes between mother and daughter corms. Integrated metabolome and RNA-seq analyses identified 37 differential metabolites as well as 8074 genes that were differentially expressed between mother and daughter corms, the majority of which were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. More than 80% of the differential metabolites, including sucrose and starch, tended to accumulate in the mother corms; however, konjac glucomannan (KGM), as one of the most important carbohydrates and its major component of the corm, accumulated in higher amounts in the daughter corms. In addition, the expression of invertase and alpha-amylase that promote the breakdown of sucrose and starch was 351.78- and 15.63-fold higher, respectively, in the daughter corm, whereas that of the starch synthesis gene AkWAXY was only 0.096 times as high as in the mother corms. Furthermore, the level of cellulose synthase-like protein G, which promotes KGM synthesis, was 3.85 times higher in daughter corms compared to mother corms. Thus, we inferred that the daughter and mother corms had two distinct carbohydrate utilization strategies. This study provides insights into temporal changes in carbohydrates during the growth cycle of A. muelleri.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Feiyan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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17
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Potkay A, Feng X. Dynamically optimizing stomatal conductance for maximum turgor-driven growth over diel and seasonal cycles. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad044. [PMID: 37899972 PMCID: PMC10601388 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Stomata have recently been theorized to have evolved strategies that maximize turgor-driven growth over plants' lifetimes, finding support through steady-state solutions in which gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth have all reached equilibrium. However, plants do not operate near steady state as plant responses and environmental forcings vary diurnally and seasonally. It remains unclear how gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth should be dynamically coordinated for stomata to maximize growth. We simulated the gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth that dynamically maximize growth diurnally and annually. Additionally, we test whether the growth-optimization hypothesis explains nocturnal stomatal opening, particularly through diel changes in temperature, carbohydrate storage and demand. Year-long dynamic simulations captured realistic diurnal and seasonal patterns in gas exchange as well as realistic seasonal patterns in carbohydrate storage and growth, improving upon unrealistic carbohydrate responses in steady-state simulations. Diurnal patterns of carbohydrate storage and growth in day-long simulations were hindered by faulty modelling assumptions of cyclic carbohydrate storage over an individual day and synchronization of the expansive and hardening phases of growth, respectively. The growth-optimization hypothesis cannot currently explain nocturnal stomatal opening unless employing corrective 'fitness factors' or reframing the theory in a probabilistic manner, in which stomata adopt an inaccurate statistical 'memory' of night-time temperature. The growth-optimization hypothesis suggests that diurnal and seasonal patterns of stomatal conductance are driven by a dynamic carbon-use strategy that seeks to maintain homeostasis of carbohydrate reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Potkay
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 23rd Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 23rd Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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18
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Peltier DMP, Carbone MS, McIntire CD, Robertson N, Thompson RA, Malone S, LeMoine J, Richardson AD, McDowell NG, Adams HD, Pockman WT, Trowbridge AM. Carbon starvation following a decade of experimental drought consumes old reserves in Pinus edulis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:92-104. [PMID: 37430467 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in the age or turnover time of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) may underlie changes in tree growth under long-term increases in drought stress associated with climate change. But NSC responses to drought are challenging to quantify, due in part to large NSC stores in trees and subsequently long response times of NSC to climate variation. We measured NSC age (Δ14 C) along with a suite of ecophysiological metrics in Pinus edulis trees experiencing either extreme short-term drought (-90% ambient precipitation plot, 2020-2021) or a decade of severe drought (-45% plot, 2010-2021). We tested the hypothesis that carbon starvation - consumption exceeding synthesis and storage - increases the age of sapwood NSC. One year of extreme drought had no impact on NSC pool size or age, despite significant reductions in predawn water potential, photosynthetic rates/capacity, and twig and needle growth. By contrast, long-term drought halved the age of the sapwood NSC pool, coupled with reductions in sapwood starch concentrations (-75%), basal area increment (-39%), and bole respiration rates (-28%). Our results suggest carbon starvation takes time, as tree carbon reserves appear resilient to extreme disturbance in the short term. However, after a decade of drought, trees apparently consumed old stored NSC to support metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M P Peltier
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Mariah S Carbone
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Cameron D McIntire
- Northeastern Area State, Private, and Tribal Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 271 Mast Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Nathan Robertson
- Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - R Alex Thompson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Shealyn Malone
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jim LeMoine
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Andrew D Richardson
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - William T Pockman
- Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Amy M Trowbridge
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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19
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Liang XG, Gao Z, Fu XX, Chen XM, Shen S, Zhou SL. Coordination of carbon assimilation, allocation, and utilization for systemic improvement of cereal yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206829. [PMID: 37731984 PMCID: PMC10508850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The growth of yield outputs is dwindling after the first green revolution, which cannot meet the demand for the projected population increase by the mid-century, especially with the constant threat from extreme climates. Cereal yield requires carbon (C) assimilation in the source for subsequent allocation and utilization in the sink. However, whether the source or sink limits yield improvement, a crucial question for strategic orientation in future breeding and cultivation, is still under debate. To narrow the knowledge gap and capture the progress, we focus on maize, rice, and wheat by briefly reviewing recent advances in yield improvement by modulation of i) leaf photosynthesis; ii) primary C allocation, phloem loading, and unloading; iii) C utilization and grain storage; and iv) systemic sugar signals (e.g., trehalose 6-phosphate). We highlight strategies for optimizing C allocation and utilization to coordinate the source-sink relationships and promote yields. Finally, based on the understanding of these physiological mechanisms, we envisage a future scenery of "smart crop" consisting of flexible coordination of plant C economy, with the goal of yield improvement and resilience in the field population of cereals crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province/The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province/The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xian-Min Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Jonwal S, Rengasamy B, Sinha AK. Regulation of photosynthesis by mitogen-activated protein kinase in rice: antagonistic adjustment by OsMPK3 and OsMPK6. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1247-1259. [PMID: 38024949 PMCID: PMC10678870 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the basis of almost all life on earth and is the main component of crop yield that contributes to the carbohydrate partitioning to the grains. Maintaining the photosynthetic efficiency of plants in challenging environmental conditions by regulating the associated factors is a potential research arena which will help in the improvement of crop yield. Phosphorylation is known to play a pivotal role in the regulation of photosynthesis. Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) cascade although known to regulate a diverse range of processes does not have any exact reported function in the regulation of photosynthesis. To elucidate the regulatory role of MAPKs in photosynthesis we investigated the changes in net photosynthesis rate and related parameters in DEX inducible over-expressing (OE) lines of two members of MAPK gene family namely, OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 in rice. Interestingly, significant changes were found in net photosynthesis rate and related physiological parameters in OsMPK3 and OsMPK6-OE lines compared to its wild-type relatives. OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 have regulatory effects on nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes. Untargeted metabolite profiling reveals a higher accumulation of sugars and their derivatives in MPK6 overexpressing plants and a lower accumulation of sugars and organic acids in MPK3 overexpressing plants. The accumulation of amino acids was found in abundance in both MPK3 and MPK6 overexpressing plants. Understanding the effects of MPK3 and MPK6 on the CO2 assimilation of rice plants under normal growth conditions, will help in devising strategies that can be extended for crop improvement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01383-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Jonwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Balakrishnan Rengasamy
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
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21
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Mao L, Dai Y, Huang Y, Yang S, Sun H, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Yang B, Zou X, Liu Z. Studying the effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic mechanism of pepper leaf yellowing mutants by proteomics and phosphoproteomics. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111763. [PMID: 37321305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaf is an important plant organ and is closely related to agricultural yield. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in promoting plant growth and development. Understanding the mechanism of leaf photosynthesis regulation will help improve crop yield. In this study, the pepper yellowing mutant was used as the experimental material, and the photosynthetic changes of pepper leaves (yl1 and 6421) under different light intensities were analyzed by chlorophyll fluorimeter and photosynthesis meter. Changes in proteins and enrichment of phosphopeptides in pepper leaves were determined. The results showed that different light intensities had significant effects on the chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters of pepper leaves. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins (DEPPs) were mainly involved in photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. In yl1 leaves, the phosphorylation levels of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins LHCA2, LHCA3, PsbC, PsbO, and PsbP were lower under low light treatment, but significantly higher under high light intensity compared with wild-type leaves. In addition, many proteins involved in the carbon assimilation pathway, including TKT, Rubisco, and PGK, were phosphorylated, and this modification level was significantly higher in yl1 than in the wild type under high light intensity. These results provide a new perspective for studying the photosynthesis mechanism of pepper under different light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhen Mao
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhoubin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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22
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Li AM, Liao F, Wang M, Chen ZL, Qin CX, Huang RQ, Verma KK, Li YR, Que YX, Pan YQ, Huang DL. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Landscape of Sugarcane Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stressors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108913. [PMID: 37240257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane, a C4 plant, provides most of the world's sugar, and a substantial amount of renewable bioenergy, due to its unique sugar-accumulating and feedstock properties. Brazil, India, China, and Thailand are the four largest sugarcane producers worldwide, and the crop has the potential to be grown in arid and semi-arid regions if its stress tolerance can be improved. Modern sugarcane cultivars which exhibit a greater extent of polyploidy and agronomically important traits, such as high sugar concentration, biomass production, and stress tolerance, are regulated by complex mechanisms. Molecular techniques have revolutionized our understanding of the interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites, and have aided in the identification of the key regulators of diverse traits. This review discusses various molecular techniques for dissecting the mechanisms underlying the sugarcane response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The comprehensive characterization of sugarcane's response to various stresses will provide targets and resources for sugarcane crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Cui-Xian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ruo-Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - You-Xiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - You-Qiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Dong-Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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23
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Maillot Y, Mongelard G, Quéro A, Demailly H, Guénin S, Gutierrez L, Pineau C, Lecomte S, Mathiron D, Elboutachfaiti R, Fontaine JX, Molinié R, Petit E. Pathogen Stopping and Metabolism Modulation Are Key Points to Linum usitatissimum L. Early Response against Fusarium oxysporum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1963. [PMID: 37653880 PMCID: PMC10223704 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is the one of the most common and impactful pathogens of flax. Cultivars of flax that show resistance to this pathogen have previously been identified. To better understand the mechanisms that are responsible for this resistance, we conducted time-lapse analysis of one susceptible and one resistant cultivar over a two-week period following infection. We also monitored changes in some metabolites. The susceptible cultivar showed a strong onset of symptoms from 6 to 8 days after inoculation, which at this time point, was associated with changes in metabolites in both cultivars. The resistant cultivar maintained its height and normal photosynthetic capacity but showed a reduced growth of its secondary stems. This resistance was correlated with the containment of the pathogen at the root level, and an increase in some metabolites related to the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Maillot
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Gaëlle Mongelard
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Anthony Quéro
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | | | - Sylvain Lecomte
- Linéa Semences, 20 Avenue Saget, F-60210 Grandvilliers, France
| | - David Mathiron
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Redouan Elboutachfaiti
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
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24
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Wang N, Song M, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu P, Qi L, Song H, Du N, Wang H, Zheng P, Wang R. Physiological responses of Quercus acutissima and Quercus rubra seedlings to drought and defoliation treatments. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:737-750. [PMID: 36708029 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global climate change is increasing the risk of drought stress in some areas, which may compromise forest health. Such drought events also increase outbreaks of insect herbivores, resulting in plant defoliation. Interactions between drought and defoliation are poorly understood. In a greenhouse experiment, we selected a native species, Quercus acutissima Carr. and an alien species, Quercus rubra L. to explore their physiological responses to drought and defoliation treatments. After the treatments, we determined the seedlings' physiological responses on Days 10 and 60. Our results showed that the defoliation treatment accelerated the carbon reserve consumption of plants under drought stress and inhibited the growth of both seedling types. Under the drought condition, Q. rubra maintained normal stem-specific hydraulic conductivity and normal growth parameters during the early stage of stress, whereas Q. acutissima used less water and grew more slowly during the experiment. Sixty days after defoliation treatment, the stem starch concentration of Q. acutissima was higher than that of the control group, but the stem biomass was lower. This indicates that Q. acutissima adopted a 'slow strategy' after stress, and more resources were used for storage rather than growth, which was conducive to the ability of these seedlings to resist recurrent biotic attack. Thus, Q. acutissima may be more tolerant to drought and defoliation than Q. rubra. The resource acquisition strategies of Quercus in this study suggest that the native Quercus species may be more successful at a long-term resource-poor site than the alien Quercus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meixia Song
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Luyu Qi
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huijia Song
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, 126 Tianqiao South Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peiming Zheng
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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25
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Driesen E, Saeys W, De Proft M, Lauwers A, Van den Ende W. Far-Red Light Mediated Carbohydrate Concentration Changes in Leaves of Sweet Basil, a Stachyose Translocating Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098378. [PMID: 37176086 PMCID: PMC10179449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) refers to photons between 400 and 700 nm. These photons drive photosynthesis, providing carbohydrates for plant metabolism and development. Far-red radiation (FR, 701-750 nm) is excluded in this definition because no FR is absorbed by the plant photosynthetic pigments. However, including FR in the light spectrum provides substantial benefits for biomass production and resource-use efficiency. We investigated the effects of continuous FR addition and end-of-day additional FR to a broad white light spectrum (BW) on carbohydrate concentrations in the top and bottom leaves of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a species that produces the raffinose family oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose and preferentially uses the latter as transport sugar. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and starch concentrations increased significantly in top and bottom leaves with the addition of FR light. The increased carbohydrate pools under FR light treatments are associated with more efficient stachyose production and potentially improved phloem loading through increased sucrose homeostasis in intermediary cells. The combination of a high biomass yield, increased resource-use efficiency, and increased carbohydrate concentration in leaves in response to the addition of FR light offers opportunities for commercial plant production in controlled growth environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Driesen
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Saeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurice De Proft
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Van den Ende
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Avidan O, Moraes TA, Mengin V, Feil R, Rolland F, Stitt M, Lunn JE. In vivo protein kinase activity of SnRK1 fluctuates in Arabidopsis rosettes during light-dark cycles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:387-408. [PMID: 36725081 PMCID: PMC10152665 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose-nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central hub in carbon and energy signaling in plants, and is orthologous with SNF1 in yeast and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in animals. Previous studies of SnRK1 relied on in vitro activity assays or monitoring of putative marker gene expression. Neither approach gives unambiguous information about in vivo SnRK1 activity. We have monitored in vivo SnRK1 activity using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) reporter lines that express a chimeric polypeptide with an SNF1/SnRK1/AMPK-specific phosphorylation site. We investigated responses during an equinoctial diel cycle and after perturbing this cycle. As expected, in vivo SnRK1 activity rose toward the end of the night and rose even further when the night was extended. Unexpectedly, although sugars rose after dawn, SnRK1 activity did not decline until about 12 h into the light period. The sucrose signal metabolite, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), has been shown to inhibit SnRK1 in vitro. We introduced the SnRK1 reporter into lines that harbored an inducible trehalose-6-phosphate synthase construct. Elevated Tre6P decreased in vivo SnRK1 activity in the light period, but not at the end of the night. Reporter polypeptide phosphorylation was sometimes negatively correlated with Tre6P, but a stronger and more widespread negative correlation was observed with glucose-6-phosphate. We propose that SnRK1 operates within a network that controls carbon utilization and maintains diel sugar homeostasis, that SnRK1 activity is regulated in a context-dependent manner by Tre6P, probably interacting with further inputs including hexose phosphates and the circadian clock, and that SnRK1 signaling is modulated by factors that act downstream of SnRK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Avidan
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thiago A Moraes
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Virginie Mengin
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Stitt
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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27
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Wang J, Yang Q, Han J, He Z, Yang M, Wang X, Lin X. Effect of nicosulfuron on dynamic changes in the starch-sugar interconversion in sweet maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59606-59620. [PMID: 37010681 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Starch is an important reserve of sugar, and starch-sugar conversion in plants plays an important role in the response of plants to various abiotic stresses. Nicosulfuron is a post-emergence herbicide commonly applied to maize fields. However, it is unclear how sucrose and starch in sweet corn are converted to accommodate nicosulfuron stress. Field and pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of nicosulfuron on the sugar metabolism enzymes, starch metabolism enzymes, non-enzyme substances, and expression of key enzyme genes in leaves and roots of sweet maize seedlings. Accordingly, this research compared the responses of the sister lines HK301 and HK320, which are nicosulfuron tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Under nicosulfuron stress, compared with HK301 seedlings, the accumulation of stem and root dry matter of HK320 seedlings was significantly reduced, resulting in a lower root-to-shoot ratio. Compared with HK320 seedlings, nicosulfuron stress significantly increased the sucrose, soluble sugar, and starch contents in HK301 leaves and roots. This may be related to the enhanced carbohydrate metabolism under nicosulfuron stress, including significant changes in sugar metabolism enzyme activity and the levels of SPS and SuSys expression. Further, under nicosulfuron stress, sucrose transporter genes (SUC 1, SUC 2, SWEET 13a, and SWEET 13b) in the leaves and roots of HK301 seedlings were significantly upregulated. Our results emphasize that changes in sugar distribution, metabolism, and transport can improve the adaptability of sweet maize to nicosulfuron stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinling Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zidian He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaohu Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China.
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China.
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28
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Yang H, Li Y, Qiao Y, Sun H, Liu W, Qiao W, Li W, Liu M, Dong B. Low light stress promotes new tiller regeneration by changing source-sink relationship and activating expression of expansin genes in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1562-1581. [PMID: 36695201 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low light stress seriously decreased wheat grain number through the formation of aborted spike during the reproductive period and induced new tiller regeneration to offset the loss of grain number. However, the mechanism by which plants coordinate spike aborted growth and the regeneration of new tillers remains unknown. To better understand this coordinated process, morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were performed under low light stress at the young microspore stage. Our findings indicated that leaves exhausted most stored carbohydrates in 1 day of darkness. However, spike and uppermost internode (UI) were converted from sink to source, due to increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased cytokinin content. During this process, genes encoding amylases, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) and sucrose transporters or sucrose carriers (SUT/SUC) were upregulated in spike and UI, which degraded starch into soluble sugars and loaded them into the phloem. Subsequently, soluble sugars were transported to tiller node (TN) where cytokinin and auxin content increased and ABA content decreased, followed by unloading into TN cells by upregulated cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes and highly expressed H+ /hexose symporter genes. Finally, expansin genes integrated the sugar pathway and hormone pathway, and regulate the formation of new tillers directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baodi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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29
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Lu Y, Fricke W. Salt Stress-Regulation of Root Water Uptake in a Whole-Plant and Diurnal Context. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098070. [PMID: 37175779 PMCID: PMC10179082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the regulation of root water uptake in plants which are exposed to salt stress. Root water uptake is not considered in isolation but is viewed in the context of other potential tolerance mechanisms of plants-tolerance mechanisms which relate to water relations and gas exchange. Plants spend between one third and half of their lives in the dark, and salt stress does not stop with sunset, nor does it start with sunrise. Surprisingly, how plants deal with salt stress during the dark has received hardly any attention, yet any growth response to salt stress over days, weeks, months and years is the integrative result of how plants perform during numerous, consecutive day/night cycles. As we will show, dealing with salt stress during the night is a prerequisite to coping with salt stress during the day. We hope to highlight with this review not so much what we know, but what we do not know; and this relates often to some rather basic questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Zhou M, Sun Y, Wang S, Liu Q, Li H. Photosynthesis Product Allocation and Yield in Sweet Potato in Response to Different Late-Season Irrigation Levels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091780. [PMID: 37176838 PMCID: PMC10180913 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil water deficit is an important factor affecting the source-sink balance of sweet potato during its late-season growth, but water regulation during this period has not been well studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the appropriate irrigation level in late-season sweet potato, and the effect of irrigation level on accumulation and allocation of photosynthetic products. In this study, two yield-based field trials (2021-2022) were conducted in which five late-season irrigation levels set according to the crop evapotranspiration rate were tested (T0: non-irrigation, T1: 33% ETc, T2: 75% ETc, T3: 100% ETc, T4: 125% ETc). The effects of the different irrigation levels on photosynthetic physiological indexes, 13C transfer allocation, water use efficiency (WUE), water productivity (WP), and the yield and economic benefit of sweet potato were studied. The results showed that late-season irrigation significantly increased the total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves, in addition to promoting the accumulation of above-ground-source organic biomass (p < 0.05). The rate of 13C allocation, maximum accumulation rate (Vmax), and average accumulation rate (Vmean) of dry matter in storage root were significantly higher under T2 irrigation than under the other treatments (p < 0.05). This suggests that both non-irrigation (T0) and over-irrigation (T4) were not conducive to the transfer and allocation of photosynthetic products to storage roots in late-season sweet potato. However, moderate irrigation (T2) effectively promoted the source-sink balance, enhanced the source photosynthetic rate and stimulated the sink activity, such that more photosynthate was allocated to the storage sink. The results also showed that T2 irrigation treatments significantly increased yield, WUE and WP compared to T0 and T4 (p < 0.05), suggesting that moderate irrigation (T2) can significantly promote the potential of storage root production and field productivity. There was a close relationship between economic benefit and marketable sweet potato yield, and both were highest under T2 (p < 0.05), increasing by 36.1% and 59.9% compared with T0 over the two-year study period. In conclusion, irrigation of late-season sweet potato with 75% evapotranspiration (T2) can improve both the yield and production potential. Together, these results support the use of late-season water management in the production of sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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31
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Potkay A, Feng X. Do stomata optimize turgor-driven growth? A new framework for integrating stomata response with whole-plant hydraulics and carbon balance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:506-528. [PMID: 36377138 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Every existing optimal stomatal model uses photosynthetic carbon assimilation as a proxy for plant evolutionary fitness. However, assimilation and growth are often decoupled, making assimilation less ideal for representing fitness when optimizing stomatal conductance to water vapor and carbon dioxide. Instead, growth should be considered a closer proxy for fitness. We hypothesize stomata have evolved to maximize turgor-driven growth, instead of assimilation, over entire plants' lifetimes, improving their abilities to compete and reproduce. We develop a stomata model that dynamically maximizes whole-stem growth following principles from turgor-driven growth models. Stomata open to assimilate carbohydrates that supply growth and osmotically generate turgor, while stomata close to prevent losses of turgor and growth due to negative water potentials. In steady state, the growth optimization model captures realistic stomatal, growth, and carbohydrate responses to environmental cues, reconciles conflicting interpretations within existing stomatal optimization theories, and explains patterns of carbohydrate storage and xylem conductance observed during and after drought. Our growth optimization hypothesis introduces a new paradigm for stomatal optimization models, elevates the role of whole-plant carbon use and carbon storage in stomatal functioning, and has the potential to simultaneously predict gross productivity, net productivity, and plant mortality through a single, consistent modeling framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Potkay
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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32
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Lo Piccolo E, Lauria G, Guidi L, Remorini D, Massai R, Landi M. Shedding light on the effects of LED streetlamps on trees in urban areas: Friends or foes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161200. [PMID: 36581265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Streetlamp illumination disturbs the natural physiological processes and circadian rhythms of living organisms, including photosynthesizing "citizens". The light-emitting diode (LED) technology has replaced high-pressure sodium lamps. Therefore, the effects of LED streetlamps on urban trees need to be elucidated as these new lamps have a different light spectrum (with a peak in the blue and red regions of the spectrum, i.e., highly efficient wavebands for photosynthesis) compared to older technologies. To address the above-mentioned issue, two widely utilised tree species in the urban environment, including Platanus × acerifolia (P) and Tilia platyphyllos (T), were grown with or without the effect of LED streetlamps using two realistic illumination intensities (300 and 700 μmol m-2 s-1). Gas exchanges and biochemical features (starch, soluble sugar, and chlorophyll content) of illuminated vs non-illuminated trees were compared during the whole vegetative season. Our results showed that both tree species were strongly influenced by LED streetlamps at physiological and biochemical levels. Specifically, the mature leaves of P and T streetlamp-illuminated trees had a lower CO2 assimilation rate at dawn and had higher chlorophyll content, with lower starch content than controls. Our results showed that the differences between the effects of the two selected light intensities on the physiochemical attributes of P and T trees were not statistically significant, suggesting the absence of a dose-dependent effect. The most significant difference between T and P trees concerning the LED-triggered species-specific effect was that the delay in winter dormancy occurred only in P individuals. This study provided insights into the extent of LED streetlamp disturbance on trees. Our findings might raise awareness of the necessity to provide less impacting solutions to improve the wellness of trees in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Lauria
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - D Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - R Massai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Kalmbach L, Bourdon M, Belevich I, Safran J, Lemaire A, Heo JO, Otero S, Blob B, Pelloux J, Jokitalo E, Helariutta Y. Putative pectate lyase PLL12 and callose deposition through polar CALS7 are necessary for long-distance phloem transport in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:926-939.e9. [PMID: 36805125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the phloem distributes photosynthetic products for metabolism and storage over long distances. It relies on specialized cells, the sieve elements, which are enucleated and interconnected through large so-called sieve pores in their adjoining cell walls. Reverse genetics identified PECTATE LYASE-LIKE 12 (PLL12) as critical for plant growth and development. Using genetic complementations, we established that PLL12 is required exclusively late during sieve element differentiation. Structural homology modeling, enzyme inactivation, and overexpression suggest a vital role for PLL12 in sieve-element-specific pectin remodeling. While short distance symplastic diffusion is unaffected, the pll12 mutant is unable to accommodate sustained plant development due to an incapacity to accommodate increasing hydraulic demands on phloem long-distance transport as the plant grows-a defect that is aggravated when combined with another sieve-element-specific mutant callose synthase 7 (cals7). Establishing CALS7 as a specific sieve pore marker, we investigated the subcellular dynamics of callose deposition in the developing sieve plate. Using fluorescent CALS7 then allowed identifying structural defects in pll12 sieve pores that are moderate at the cellular level but become physiologically relevant due to the serial arrangement of sieve elements in the sieve tube. Overall, pectin degradation through PLL12 appears subtle in quantitative terms. We therefore speculate that PLL12 may act as a regulator to locally remove homogalacturonan, thus potentially enabling further extracellular enzymes to access and modify the cell wall during sieve pore maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Kalmbach
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
| | - Matthieu Bourdon
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ilya Belevich
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josip Safran
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Adrien Lemaire
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jung-Ok Heo
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Otero
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Bernhard Blob
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Tixier A, Forest M, Prudent M, Durey V, Zwieniecki M, Barnard RL. Root exudation of carbon and nitrogen compounds varies over the day-night cycle in pea: The role of diurnal changes in internal pools. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:962-974. [PMID: 36562125 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhizodeposition is the export of organic compounds from plant roots to the soil. Carbon allocation towards rhizodeposition has to be balanced with allocation for other physiological functions, which depend on both newly assimilated and stored nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). To test whether the exudation of primary metabolites scales with plant NSC status, we studied diurnal dynamics of NSC and amino acid (AA) pools and fluxes within the plant and the rhizosphere. These diurnal dynamics were measured in the field and under hydroponic-controlled conditions. Further, C-limiting treatments offered further insight into the regulation of rhizodeposition. The exudation of primary metabolites fluctuated diurnally. The diurnal dynamics of soluble sugars (SS) and AA concentrations in tissues coincided with exudate pool fluctuations in the rhizosphere. SS and AA pools in the rhizosphere increased with NSC and AA pools in the roots. C starvation treatments offset the balance of exudates: AA exudate content in the rhizosphere significantly decreased while SS exudate content remained stable. Our results suggest that rhizodeposition is to some extent controlled by plant C:N status. We propose that SS exudation is less controlled than AA exudation because N assimilation depends on controlled C supply while SS exudation relies to a greater extent on passive diffusion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Tixier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Forest
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Prudent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Durey
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Maciej Zwieniecki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Romain L Barnard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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35
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Liu Z, Liu W, Wang Z, Qi K, Xie Z, Zhang S, Wu J, Wang P. Diurnal transcriptome dynamics reveal the photoperiod response of Pyrus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13893. [PMID: 36929905 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod provides a key environmental signal that controls plant growth. Plants have evolved an integrated mechanism for sensing photoperiods with internal clocks to orchestrate physiological events. This mechanism has been identified to enable timely plant growth and improve fitness. Although the components and pathways underlying photoperiod regulation have been described in many species, diurnal patterns of gene expression at the genome-wide level under different photoperiods are rarely reported in perennial fruit trees. To explore the global gene expression in response to photoperiod, pear plants were cultured under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions. A time-series transcriptomic study was implemented using LD and SD samples collected at 4 h intervals over 2 days. We identified 13,677 rhythmic genes, of which 7639 were identified under LD and 10,557 under SD conditions. Additionally, 4674 genes were differentially expressed in response to photoperiod change. We also characterized the candidate homologs of clock-associated genes in pear. Clock genes were involved in the regulation of many processes throughout the day, including photosynthesis, stress response, hormone dynamics, and secondary metabolism. Strikingly, genes within photosynthesis-related pathways were enriched in both the rhythmic and differential expression analyses. Several key candidate genes were identified to be associated with regulating photosynthesis and improving productivity under different photoperiods. The results suggest that temporal variation in gene expression should not be ignored in pear gene function research. Overall, our work expands the understanding of photoperiod regulation of plant growth, particularly by extending the research to non-model trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Weijuan Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangqing Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
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36
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Oswald SW, Aubrey DP. Modeling starch dynamics from seasonal variations of photosynthesis, growth, and respiration. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad007. [PMID: 36708035 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) buffer differences in plant carbon supply (photosynthesis) and demand (respiration, growth, etc.) but the regulation of their dynamics remains unresolved. Seasonal variations in NSCs are well-documented, but differences in the time-average, amplitude, phase, and other characteristics across ecosystems and functional types lack explanation; furthermore, observed dynamics do not always match expectations. The failure to match observed and expected dynamics has stimulated debate on whether carbon supply or demand drives NSC dynamics. To gain insight into how carbon supply and demand drive seasonal NSC dynamics, we derive a simple model of NSC dynamics based on carbon mass balance and linearizing the NSC demand to determine how supply-driven and demand-driven seasonal NSC dynamics differ. We find that supply-driven and demand-driven dynamics yield distinct timings of seasonal extrema, and supply overrides demand when carbon supply is low in winter (e.g., at high latitudes). Our results also suggest that NSC dynamics often lag changes carbon mass balance. We also predict differences in NSC dynamics across mass, suggesting saplings are more dynamics and respond faster to the environment than mature trees. Our findings suggest substrate-dependent regulation with environmental variation is sufficient to generate complex NSC dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Oswald
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Savannah River Site, Jackson, SC, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Doug P Aubrey
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Savannah River Site, Jackson, SC, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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37
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Murchie EH, Reynolds M, Slafer GA, Foulkes MJ, Acevedo-Siaca L, McAusland L, Sharwood R, Griffiths S, Flavell RB, Gwyn J, Sawkins M, Carmo-Silva E. A 'wiring diagram' for source strength traits impacting wheat yield potential. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:72-90. [PMID: 36264277 PMCID: PMC9786870 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Source traits are currently of great interest for the enhancement of yield potential; for example, much effort is being expended to find ways of modifying photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis is but one component of crop regulation, so sink activities and the coordination of diverse processes throughout the crop must be considered in an integrated, systems approach. A set of 'wiring diagrams' has been devised as a visual tool to integrate the interactions of component processes at different stages of wheat development. They enable the roles of chloroplast, leaf, and whole-canopy processes to be seen in the context of sink development and crop growth as a whole. In this review, we dissect source traits both anatomically (foliar and non-foliar) and temporally (pre- and post-anthesis), and consider the evidence for their regulation at local and whole-plant/crop levels. We consider how the formation of a canopy creates challenges (self-occlusion) and opportunities (dynamic photosynthesis) for components of photosynthesis. Lastly, we discuss the regulation of source activity by feedback regulation. The review is written in the framework of the wiring diagrams which, as integrated descriptors of traits underpinning grain yield, are designed to provide a potential workspace for breeders and other crop scientists that, along with high-throughput and precision phenotyping data, genetics, and bioinformatics, will help build future dynamic models of trait and gene interactions to achieve yield gains in wheat and other field crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida–AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- ICREA (Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Liana Acevedo-Siaca
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Simon Griffiths
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard B Flavell
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeff Gwyn
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mark Sawkins
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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38
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Lu Y, Jeffers R, Raju A, Kenny T, Ratchanniyasamu E, Fricke W. Does night-time transpiration provide any benefit to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants which are exposed to salt stress? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13839. [PMID: 36511643 PMCID: PMC10107941 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to test whether night-time transpiration provides any potential benefit to wheat plants which are subjected to salt stress. Hydroponically grown wheat plants were grown at four levels of salt stress (50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) for 5-8 days prior to harvest (day 14-18). Salt stress caused large decreases in transpiration and leaf elongation rates during day and night. The quantitative relation between the diurnal use of water for transpiration and leaf growth was comparatively little affected by salt. Night-time transpirational water loss occurred predominantly through stomata in support of respiration. Diurnal gas exchange and leaf growth were functionally linked to each other through the provision of resources (carbon, energy) and an increase in leaf surface area. Diurnal rates of water use associated with leaf cell expansive growth were highly correlated with the water potential of the xylem, which was dominated by the tension component. The tissue-specific expression level of nine candidate aquaporin genes in elongating and mature leaf tissue was little affected by salt stress or day/night changes. Growing plants under conditions of reduced night-time transpirational water loss by increasing the relative humidity (RH) during the night to 95% had little effect on the growth response to salt stress, nor was the accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in shoot tissue altered. We conclude that night-time gas exchange supports the growth in leaf area over a 24 h day/night period. Night-time transpirational water loss neither decreases nor increases the tolerance to salt stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Ruth Jeffers
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Anakha Raju
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Tamara Kenny
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
| | | | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
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39
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Li J, Feng B, Yu P, Fu W, Wang W, Lin J, Qin Y, Li H, Chen T, Xu C, Tao L, Wu Z, Fu G. Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins Confer Cold Tolerance in Rice through Maintaining Energy Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010079. [PMID: 36670941 PMCID: PMC9854629 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) are abundant polyphenols found in foods and botanicals that benefit human health, but our understanding of the functions of OPCs in rice plants is limited, particularly under cold stress. Two rice genotypes, named Zhongzao39 (ZZ39) and its recombinant inbred line RIL82, were subjected to cold stress. More damage was caused to RIL82 by cold stress than to ZZ39 plants. Transcriptome analysis suggested that OPCs were involved in regulating cold tolerance in the two genotypes. A greater increase in OPCs content was detected in ZZ39 than in RIL82 plants under cold stress compared to their respective controls. Exogenous OPCs alleviated cold damage of rice plants by increasing antioxidant capacity. ATPase activity was higher and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity was lower under cold stress in ZZ39 than in RIL82 plants. Importantly, improvements in cold tolerance were observed in plants treated with the OPCs and 3-aminobenzamide (PARP inhibitor, 3ab) combination compared to the seedling plants treated with H2O, OPCs, or 3ab alone. Therefore, OPCs increased ATPase activity and inhibited PARP activity to provide sufficient energy for rice seedling plants to develop antioxidant capacity against cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Li
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Pinghui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yebo Qin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.F.)
| | - Guanfu Fu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.F.)
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Cardon CH, de Oliveira RR, Lesy V, Ribeiro THC, Fust C, Pereira LP, Colasanti J, Chalfun-Junior A. Expression of coffee florigen CaFT1 reveals a sustained floral induction window associated with asynchronous flowering in tropical perennials. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111479. [PMID: 36181945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of florigen(s) and environment-influenced regulatory pathways that control floral initiation in tropical perennials species with complex phenological cycles is poorly understood. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this process is important for food production in the face of climate change, thus, we used Coffea sp. L. (Rubiaceae) as a model to explore this issue. Homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (CaFT1) and environment-related regulators CONSTANS (CaCO), PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (CaPIF4) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (CaFLC) were retrieved from coffee genomes and identified through phylogenetic analysis. Overexpression of CaFT1 in Arabidopsis caused early-flowering phenotype and yeast two hybrid studies indicated CaFT1 binding to bZIP floral regulator FD, which suggests that CaFT1 is a coffee florigen. Expression of CaFT1 and other floral regulators, together with carbohydrate analysis, were evaluated over one year using three contrasting genotypes, two C. arabica cultivars and C. canephora. All genotypes showed active and variable CaFT1 transcription from February until October, indicating the potential window for floral induction that reached a maximum in the cold period of June. CaCO expression, as expected, varied over a 24-hour day period and monthly with day length, whereas expression of temperature-responsive homologs, CaFLC and CaPIF4, did not correlate with temperature changes nor CaFT1 expression, suggesting alternative FT regulatory pathways in coffee. Based on our results, we suggest a continuum of floral induction that allows different starting points for floral activation, which explains developmental asynchronicity and prolonged anthesis events in tropical perennial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Cardon
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Raphael Ricon de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Victoria Lesy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Catherine Fust
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Luísa Peloso Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Joseph Colasanti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Peixoto B, Baena-González E. Management of plant central metabolism by SnRK1 protein kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7068-7082. [PMID: 35708960 PMCID: PMC9664233 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1 (SNF1)-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase with key roles in plant stress responses. SnRK1 is activated when energy levels decline during stress, reconfiguring metabolism and gene expression to favour catabolism over anabolism, and ultimately to restore energy balance and homeostasis. The capacity to efficiently redistribute resources is crucial to cope with adverse environmental conditions and, accordingly, genetic manipulations that increase SnRK1 activity are generally associated with enhanced tolerance to stress. In addition to its well-established function in stress responses, an increasing number of studies implicate SnRK1 in the homeostatic control of metabolism during the regular day-night cycle and in different organs and developmental stages. Here, we review how the genetic manipulation of SnRK1 alters central metabolism in several plant species and tissue types. We complement this with studies that provide mechanistic insight into how SnRK1 modulates metabolism, identifying changes in transcripts of metabolic components, altered enzyme activities, or direct regulation of enzymes or transcription factors by SnRK1 via phosphorylation. We identify patterns of response that centre on the maintenance of sucrose levels, in an analogous manner to the role described for its mammalian orthologue in the control of blood glucose homeostasis. Finally, we highlight several knowledge gaps and technical limitations that will have to be addressed in future research aiming to fully understand how SnRK1 modulates metabolism at the cellular and whole-plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peixoto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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Urrea-Castellanos R, Caldana C, Henriques R. Growing at the right time: interconnecting the TOR pathway with photoperiod and circadian regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7006-7015. [PMID: 35738873 PMCID: PMC9664226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants can adjust their growth to specific times of the day and season. Different photoperiods result in distinct growth patterns, which correlate with specific carbon-partitioning strategies in source (leaves) and sink (roots) organs. Therefore, external cues such as light, day length, and temperature need to be integrated with intracellular processes controlling overall carbon availability and anabolism. The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a signalling hub where environmental signals, circadian information, and metabolic processes converge to regulate plant growth. TOR complex mutants display altered patterns of root growth and starch levels. Moreover, depletion of TOR or reduction in cellular energy levels affect the pace of the clock by extending the period length, suggesting that this pathway could participate in circadian metabolic entrainment. However, this seems to be a mutual interaction, since the TOR pathway components are also under circadian regulation. These results strengthen the role of this signalling pathway as a master sensor of metabolic status, integrating day length and circadian cues to control anabolic processes in the cell, thus promoting plant growth and development. Expanding this knowledge from Arabidopsis thaliana to crops will improve our understanding of the molecular links connecting environmental perception and growth regulation under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Vahdati K, Sadeghi-Majd R, Sestras AF, Licea-Moreno RJ, Peixe A, Sestras RE. Clonal Propagation of Walnuts ( Juglans spp.): A Review on Evolution from Traditional Techniques to Application of Biotechnology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3040. [PMID: 36432769 PMCID: PMC9699183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts (Juglans sp.) are allogamous species. Seed-derived plants are not always superior to the selected parent. Clonal propagation of selected stock plants is an essential requirement for the clonal fidelity of the descendants and to maintain their genetic structure. Selection of the desired plant is realized only after reaching maturity, and characterizing and evaluating the performance of adult trees require a long time. Clonal propagation methods ensure proper transmission of characters to descendants and can be used effectively in breeding programs. The commercialization of a cultivar or rootstock depends on the success of vegetative propagation. Walnuts, like other tree species, are recalcitrant to conventional vegetative propagation methods and even non-conventional in vitro culture (micropropagation). Elucidation of factors determining the success of cloning of desired plants would contribute to understanding current limitations for most genotypes of Juglans. We outline the role of grafting and cuttings and stool layering, as well as in vitro culture on walnut multiplication. These techniques are, in practice, entirely different; nevertheless, they are affected by common factors. The incompatibility of stock-scion and the reduced ability of stem cuttings to root are the main bottlenecks for grafting and cutting, respectively. Genotype, age, and physiological status, reinvigoration or rejuvenation-treatment of donor plant, period of harvesting and processing of explants critically affect the results of methods followed. The in vitro culture technology is the most suitable for walnut cloning. This also has constraints that affect commercial propagation of most desired genotypes. We describe comprehensive results and synthesis in this review on the asexual reproduction of walnuts, providing a better comprehension of the limiting factors and the ways to overcome them, with direct implications on commercial propagation and the releasing of outstanding genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran
| | - Rasoul Sadeghi-Majd
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Augusto Peixe
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Department of Plant Science, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jiang X, Song M, Qiao Y, Liu M, Ma L, Fu S. Long-term water use efficiency and non-structural carbohydrates of dominant tree species in response to nitrogen and water additions in a warm temperate forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025162. [PMID: 36420022 PMCID: PMC9676439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition tends to accompany precipitation in temperate forests, and vegetation productivity is mostly controlled by water and N availability. Many studies showed that tree species response to precipitation or N deposition alone influences, while the N deposition and precipitation interactive effects on the traits of tree physiology, especially in non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) and long-term water use efficiency (WUE), are still unclear. In this study, we measured carbon stable isotope (δ13C), total soluble sugar and starch content, total phenols, and other physiological traits (e.g., leaf C:N:P stoichiometry, lignin, and cellulose content) of two dominant tree species (Quercus variabilis Blume and Liquidambar formosana Hance) under canopy-simulated N deposition and precipitation addition to analyze the changes of long-term WUE and NSC contents and to explain the response strategies of dominant trees to abiotic environmental changes. This study showed that N deposition decreased the root NSC concentrations of L. formosana and the leaf lignin content of Q. variabilis. The increased precipitation showed a negative effect on specific leaf area (SLA) and a positive effect on leaf WUE of Q. variabilis, while it increased the leaf C and N content and decreased the leaf cellulose content of L. formosana. The nitrogen-water interaction reduced the leaf lignin and total phenol content of Q. variabilis and decreased the leaf total phenol content of L. formosana, but it increased the leaf C and N content of L. formosana. Moreover, the response of L. formosana to the nitrogen-water interaction was greater than that of Q. variabilis, highlighting the differences between the two dominant tree species. The results showed that N deposition and precipitation obviously affected the tree growth strategies by affecting the NSC contents and long-term WUE. Canopy-simulated N deposition and precipitation provide a new insight into the effect of the nitrogen-water interaction on tree growth traits in a temperate forest ecosystem, enabling a better prediction of the response of dominant tree species to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengya Song
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yaqi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengzhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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A combination of plasma membrane sterol biosynthesis and autophagy is required for shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5659. [PMID: 36216814 PMCID: PMC9550796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth ultimately depends on fixed carbon, thus the available light for photosynthesis. Due to canopy light absorption properties, vegetative shade combines low blue (LB) light and a low red to far-red ratio (LRFR). In shade-avoiding plants, these two conditions independently trigger growth adaptations to enhance light access. However, how these conditions, differing in light quality and quantity, similarly promote hypocotyl growth remains unknown. Using RNA sequencing we show that these two features of shade trigger different transcriptional reprogramming. LB induces starvation responses, suggesting a switch to a catabolic state. Accordingly, LB promotes autophagy. In contrast, LRFR induced anabolism including expression of sterol biosynthesis genes in hypocotyls in a manner dependent on PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs). Genetic analyses show that the combination of sterol biosynthesis and autophagy is essential for hypocotyl growth promotion in vegetative shade. We propose that vegetative shade enhances hypocotyl growth by combining autophagy-mediated recycling and promotion of specific lipid biosynthetic processes. Plants subject to vegetative shade receive a low quantity of blue light (LB) and a low ratio of red to far-red light (LFLR). Here the authors show that while LB induces autophagy, LFLR leads to changes in lipid metabolism, and propose that these processes may contribute to shade avoidance responses.
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46
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Zepeda AC, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM. Non-structural carbohydrate dynamics and growth in tomato plants grown at fluctuating light and temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968881. [PMID: 36262659 PMCID: PMC9574331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in light intensity and temperature lead to periods of asynchrony between carbon (C) supply by photosynthesis and C demand by the plant organs. Storage and remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are important processes that allow plants to buffer these fluctuations. We aimed to test the hypothesis that C storage and remobilization can buffer the effects of temperature and light fluctuations on growth of tomato plants. Tomato plants were grown at temperature amplitudes of 3 or 10°C (deviation around the mean of 22°C) combined with integration periods (IP) of 2 or 10 days. Temperature and light were applied in Phase (high temperature simultaneously with high light intensity, (400 μmol m-2 s-1), low temperature simultaneously with low light intensity (200 μmol m-2 s-1) or in Antiphase (high temperature with low light intensity, low temperature with high light intensity). A control treatment with constant temperature (22°C) and a constant light intensity (300 μmol m-2 s-1) was also applied. After 20 days all treatments had received the same temperature and light integral. Differences in final structural dry weight were relatively small, while NSC concentrations were highly dynamic and followed changes of light and temperature (a positive correlation with decreasing temperature and increasing light intensity). High temperature and low light intensity lead to depletion of the NSC pool, but NSC level never dropped below 8% of the plant weight and this fraction was not mobilizable. Our results suggest that growing plants under fluctuating conditions do not necessarily have detrimental effects on plant growth and may improve biomass production in plants. These findings highlight the importance in the NSC pool dynamics to buffer fluctuations of light and temperature on plant structural growth.
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Guo Q, Major IT, Kapali G, Howe GA. MYC transcription factors coordinate tryptophan-dependent defence responses and compromise seed yield in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:132-145. [PMID: 35642375 PMCID: PMC9541860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Robust plant immunity negatively affects other fitness traits, including growth and seed production. Jasmonate (JA) confers broad-spectrum protection against plant consumers by stimulating the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins, which in turn relieves repression on transcription factors (TFs) coincident with reduced growth and fecundity. The molecular mechanisms underlying JA-mediated decreases in fitness remain largely unknown. To assess the contribution of MYC TFs to growth and reproductive fitness at high levels of defence, we mutated three MYC genes in a JAZ-deficient mutant (jazD) of Arabidopsis thaliana that exhibits strong defence and low seed yield. Genetic epistasis analysis showed that de-repression of MYC TFs in jazD not only conferred strong resistance to insect herbivory but also reduced shoot and root growth, fruit size and seed yield. We also provided evidence that the JAZ-MYC module coordinates the supply of tryptophan with the production of indole glucosinolates and the proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum bodies that metabolise glucosinolates through the action of β-glucosidases. Our results establish MYCs as major regulators of growth- and reproductive-defence trade-offs and further indicate that these factors coordinate tryptophan availability with the production of amino acid-derived defence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Ian T. Major
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - George Kapali
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Gregg A. Howe
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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48
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Yang S, Zhao Y, Qin X, Ding C, Chen Y, Tang Z, Huang Y, Reiter RJ, Yuan S, Yuan M. New insights into the role of melatonin in photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5918-5927. [PMID: 35665805 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous studies on enhancing plant resistance to stress using melatonin, but few studies about its effect on photosynthesis. Herein, we summarized the role of melatonin in photosynthesis. Melatonin regulates chlorophyll synthesis and degradation through the transcription of related genes and hormone signals. It protects photosynthetic proteins and maintains the photosynthetic process through improving the transcription of photosystem genes, activating the antioxidant system, and promoting the xanthophyll cycle. Melatonin potentially regulates plant stomatal movement through CAND2/PMTR1. Finally, it controls the photosynthetic carbon cycle by regulating the metabolism of sugar, the gluconeogenesis pathway, and the degradation and transport of transient starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Qin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yanger Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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49
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Ectopic Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana zDof1.3 in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Is Associated with Improved Greenhouse Productivity and Enhanced Carbon and Nitrogen Use. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911229. [PMID: 36232530 PMCID: PMC9570051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large collection of transgenic tomato lines, each ectopically expressing a different Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor, was screened for variants with alterations in leaf starch. Such lines may be affected in carbon partitioning, and in allocation to the sinks. We focused on ‘L4080’, which harbored an A. thaliana zDof (DNA-binding one zinc finger) isoform 1.3 (AtzDof1.3) gene, and which had a 2−4-fold higher starch-to-sucrose ratio in source leaves over the diel (p < 0.05). Our aim was to determine whether there were associated effects on productivity. L4080 plants were altered in nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism. The N-to-C ratio was higher in six-week-old L4080, and when treated with 1/10 N, L4080 growth was less inhibited compared to the wild-type and this was accompanied by faster root elongation (p < 0.05). The six-week-old L4080 acquired 42% more dry matter at 720 ppm CO2, compared to ambient CO2 (p < 0.05), while the wild-type (WT) remained unchanged. GC-MS-TOF data showed that L4080 source leaves were enriched in amino acids compared to the WT, and at 49 DPA, fruit had 25% greater mass, higher sucrose, and increased yield (25%; p < 0.05) compared to the WT. An Affymetrix cDNA array analysis suggested that only 0.39% of the 9000 cDNAs were altered by 1.5-fold (p < 0.01) in L4080 source leaves. 14C-labeling of fruit disks identified potential differences in 14-DPA fruit metabolism suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation was important. We conclude that AtzDof1.3 and the germplasm derived therefrom, should be investigated for their ‘climate-change adaptive’ potential.
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50
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Russo SE, Ledder G, Muller EB, Nisbet RM. Dynamic Energy Budget models: fertile ground for understanding resource allocation in plants in a changing world. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac061. [PMID: 36128259 PMCID: PMC9477497 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is having dramatic effects on the diversity and distribution of species. Many of these effects are mediated by how an organism's physiological patterns of resource allocation translate into fitness through effects on growth, survival and reproduction. Empirically, resource allocation is challenging to measure directly and so has often been approached using mathematical models, such as Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models. The fact that all plants require a very similar set of exogenous resources, namely light, water and nutrients, integrates well with the DEB framework in which a small number of variables and processes linked through pathways represent an organism's state as it changes through time. Most DEB theory has been developed in reference to animals and microorganisms. However, terrestrial vascular plants differ from these organisms in fundamental ways that make resource allocation, and the trade-offs and feedbacks arising from it, particularly fundamental to their life histories, but also challenging to represent using existing DEB theory. Here, we describe key features of the anatomy, morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and ecology of terrestrial vascular plants that should be considered in the development of a generic DEB model for plants. We then describe possible approaches to doing so using existing DEB theory and point out features that may require significant development for DEB theory to accommodate them. We end by presenting a generic DEB model for plants that accounts for many of these key features and describing gaps that would need to be addressed for DEB theory to predict the responses of plants to climate change. DEB models offer a powerful and generalizable framework for modelling resource allocation in terrestrial vascular plants, and our review contributes a framework for expansion and development of DEB theory to address how plants respond to anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, 1104 T Street Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, 1901 Vine Street, N300 Beadle Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0660, USA
| | - Glenn Ledder
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska, 203 Avery Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0130, USA
| | - Erik B Muller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17 Roß dorf, Hesse D-64380, Germany
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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