1
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Do TNQ, Todaka D, Tanaka M, Takahashi S, Ishida J, Sako K, Nagano AJ, Takebayashi Y, Kanno Y, Okamoto M, Pham XH, Seki M. 1-Butanol treatment enhances drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:86. [PMID: 39023668 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a major factor affecting crop productivity. Chemical priming is a promising strategy to enhance tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study, we evaluated the use of 1-butanol as an effectual strategy to enhance drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. We first demonstrated that, among isopropanol, methanol, 1-butanol, and 2-butanol, pretreatment with 1-butanol was the most effective for enhancing drought tolerance. We tested the plants with a range of 1-butanol concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mM) and further determined that 20 mM was the optimal concentration of 1-butanol that enhanced drought tolerance without compromising plant growth. Physiological tests showed that the enhancement of drought tolerance by 1-butanol pretreatment was associated with its stimulation of stomatal closure and improvement of leaf water retention. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between water- and 1-butanol-pretreated plants. The DEGs included genes involved in oxidative stress response processes. The DEGs identified here partially overlapped with those of ethanol-treated plants. Taken together, the results show that 1-butanol is a novel chemical priming agent that effectively enhances drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis plants, and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of alcohol-mediated abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Nhu Quynh Do
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Road, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Daisuke Todaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko Ishida
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, 997-0017, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Plant Chemical Genomics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Plant Chemical Genomics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Xuan Hoi Pham
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Road, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-Cho, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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2
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Malhotra B, Kumar P, Bisht NC. Defense versus growth trade-offs: Insights from glucosinolates and their catabolites. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2964-2984. [PMID: 36207995 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites are a structurally diverse group of naturally occurring compounds that facilitate plant-environment interactions. Their synthesis and maintenance in plants is overall a resource-demanding process that occurs at the expense of growth and reproduction and typically incurs several costs. Evidence emerging on different specialized compounds suggests that they serve multiple auxiliary functions to influence and moderate primary metabolism in plants. These new functionalities enable them to mediate trade-offs from defenses to growth and also to offset their production and maintenance costs in plants. Recent research on glucosinolates (GSLs), which are specialized metabolites of Brassicales, demonstrates their emerging multifunctionalities to fine-tune plant growth and development under variable environments. Herein, we present findings from the septennium on individual GSLs and their catabolites (GHPs) per se, that work as mobile signals within plants to mediate precise regulations of their primary physiological functions. Both GSLs and GHPs calibrate growth-defense trade-off interactions either synergistically or directly when they function as storage compounds, abiotic stress alleviators, and one-to-one regulators of growth pathways in plants. We finally summarize the overall lessons learned from GSLs and GHPs as a model and raise the most pressing questions to address the molecular-genetic intricacies of specialized metabolite-based trade-offs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Malhotra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen C Bisht
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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3
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Meddya S, Meshram S, Sarkar D, S R, Datta R, Singh S, Avinash G, Kumar Kondeti A, Savani AK, Thulasinathan T. Plant Stomata: An Unrealized Possibility in Plant Defense against Invading Pathogens and Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3380. [PMID: 37836120 PMCID: PMC10574665 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are crucial structures in plants that play a primary role in the infection process during a pathogen's attack, as they act as points of access for invading pathogens to enter host tissues. Recent evidence has revealed that stomata are integral to the plant defense system and can actively impede invading pathogens by triggering plant defense responses. Stomata interact with diverse pathogen virulence factors, granting them the capacity to influence plant susceptibility and resistance. Moreover, recent studies focusing on the environmental and microbial regulation of stomatal closure and opening have shed light on the epidemiology of bacterial diseases in plants. Bacteria and fungi can induce stomatal closure using pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), effectively preventing entry through these openings and positioning stomata as a critical component of the plant's innate immune system; however, despite this defense mechanism, some microorganisms have evolved strategies to overcome stomatal protection. Interestingly, recent research supports the hypothesis that stomatal closure caused by PAMPs may function as a more robust barrier against pathogen infection than previously believed. On the other hand, plant stomatal closure is also regulated by factors such as abscisic acid and Ca2+-permeable channels, which will also be discussed in this review. Therefore, this review aims to discuss various roles of stomata during biotic and abiotic stress, such as insects and water stress, and with specific context to pathogens and their strategies for evading stomatal defense, subverting plant resistance, and overcoming challenges faced by infectious propagules. These pathogens must navigate specific plant tissues and counteract various constitutive and inducible resistance mechanisms, making the role of stomata in plant defense an essential area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Meddya
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Shweta Meshram
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Deepranjan Sarkar
- Department of Agriculture, Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Rakesh S
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736165, India;
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar 384315, India;
| | - Gosangi Avinash
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141027, India;
| | - Arun Kumar Kondeti
- Department of Agronomy, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal 518502, India;
| | - Ajit Kumar Savani
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India;
| | - Thiyagarajan Thulasinathan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India;
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Soengas P, Madloo P, Lema M. Spectral Reflectance Indexes Reveal Differences in the Physiological Status of Brassica oleracea with Contrasting Glucosinolate Content under Biotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2698. [PMID: 37514312 PMCID: PMC10384497 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Brassica species produce glucosinolates, a specific group of secondary metabolites present in the Brassicaceae family with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The employment of improved varieties for specific glucosinolates would reduce the production losses caused by pathogen attack. However, the consequences of the increment in these secondary metabolites in the plant are unknown. In this work, we utilized reflectance indexes to test how the physiological status of Brasica oleracea plants changes depending on their constitutive content of glucosinolates under nonstressful conditions and under the attack of the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The modification in the content of glucosinolates had consequences in the resistance to both necrotrophic pathogens, and in several physiological aspects of the plants. By increasing the content in sinigrin and glucobrassicin, plants decrease photosynthesis efficiency (PR531, FvFm), biomass production (CHL-NDVI, SR), pigment content (SIPI, NPQI, RE), and senescence (YI) and increase their water content (WI900). These variables may have a negative impact in the productivity of crops in an agricultural environment. However, when plants are subjected to the attack of both necrotrophic pathogens, an increment of sinigrin and glucobrassicin confers an adaptative advantage to the plants, which compensates for the decay of physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pari Madloo
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Margarita Lema
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
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Aihara Y, Maeda B, Goto K, Takahashi K, Nomoto M, Toh S, Ye W, Toda Y, Uchida M, Asai E, Tada Y, Itami K, Sato A, Murakami K, Kinoshita T. Identification and improvement of isothiocyanate-based inhibitors on stomatal opening to act as drought tolerance-conferring agrochemicals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2665. [PMID: 37188667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal pores in the plant epidermis open and close to regulate gas exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Upon light stimulation, the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase is phosphorylated and activated via an intracellular signal transduction pathway in stomatal guard cells, providing a primary driving force for the opening movement. To uncover and manipulate this stomatal opening pathway, we screened a chemical library and identified benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a Brassicales-specific metabolite, as a potent stomatal-opening inhibitor that suppresses PM H+-ATPase phosphorylation. We further developed BITC derivatives with multiple isothiocyanate groups (multi-ITCs), which demonstrate inhibitory activity on stomatal opening up to 66 times stronger, as well as a longer duration of the effect and negligible toxicity. The multi-ITC treatment inhibits plant leaf wilting in both short (1.5 h) and long-term (24 h) periods. Our research elucidates the biological function of BITC and its use as an agrochemical that confers drought tolerance on plants by suppressing stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Bumpei Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kanna Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- JST PRESTO, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Weifang, China
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Phytometrics Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 435-0036, Japan
| | - Mami Uchida
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Eri Asai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
- JST PRESTO, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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Hornbacher J, Horst-Niessen I, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Papenbrock J. First experimental evidence suggests use of glucobrassicin as source of auxin in drought-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025969. [PMID: 36388588 PMCID: PMC9659865 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) from the indolic glucosinolate (iGSL) glucobrassicin (GB) is a unique trait of members of the Brassicales. To assess the contribution of this pathway to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis under stress conditions, drought stress (DS) experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana were performed in vitro. Analysis of GSLs in DS plants revealed higher contents of GB in shoots and roots compared to control plants. Deuterium incorporation experiments showed the highest turnover of GB compared to all other GSLs during drought conditions. Evidence suggests the involvement of the thioglucosidase BGLU18 in the degradation of GB. The nitrile specifier proteins NSP1 and NSP5 are known to direct the GSL hydrolysis towards formation of IAN. Nitrilases like NIT2 are able to subsequently synthesize IAA from IAN. Expression of BGLU18, NSP1, NSP5 and NIT2 and contents of GB, IAN and IAA were significantly elevated in DS plants compared to control plants suggesting the increased use of GB as IAA source. Significantly higher contents of reactive oxygen species in DS bglu18 and epithionitrile specifier protein (esp) mutants compared to Col-0 indicate higher stress levels in these mutants highlighting the need for both proteins in DS plants. Furthermore, GB accumulation in leaves was higher in both mutants during DS when compared to Col-0 indicating enhanced synthesis of GB due to a lack of breakdown products. This work provides the first evidence for the breakdown of iGSLs to IAN which seems to be used for synthesis of IAA in DS A. thaliana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Lv Q, Li X, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. The Cellular and Subcellular Organization of the Glucosinolate–Myrosinase System against Herbivores and Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031577. [PMID: 35163500 PMCID: PMC8836197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are an important class of secondary metabolites in Brassicales plants with a critical role in chemical defense. Glucosinolates are chemically inactive but can be hydrolyzed by myrosinases to produce a range of chemically active compounds toxic to herbivores and pathogens, thereby constituting the glucosinolate–myrosinase defense system or the mustard oil bomb. During the evolution, Brassicales plants have developed not only complex biosynthetic pathways for production of a large number of glucosinolate structures but also different classes of myrosinases that differ in catalytic mechanisms and substrate specificity. Studies over the past several decades have made important progress in the understanding of the cellular and subcellular organization of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system for rapid and timely detonation of the mustard oil bomb upon tissue damage after herbivore feeding and pathogen infection. Progress has also been made in understanding the mechanisms that herbivores and pathogens have evolved to counter the mustard oil bomb. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the function and organization of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system in Brassicales plants and discuss both the progresses and future challenges in addressing this complex defense system as an excellent model for analyzing plant chemical defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Lv
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Baofang Fan
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA;
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
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8
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Zhou 周绍群 S, Jander G. Molecular ecology of plant volatiles in interactions with insect herbivores. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:449-462. [PMID: 34581787 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play pivotal roles in interactions with insect herbivores. Individual VOCs can be directly toxic or deterrent, serve as signal molecules to attract natural enemies, and/or be perceived by distal plant tissues as a priming signal to prepare for expected herbivory. Environmental conditions, as well as the specific plant-insect interaction being investigated, strongly influence the observed functions of VOC blends. The complexity of plant-insect chemical communication via VOCs is further enriched by the sophisticated molecular perception mechanisms of insects, which can respond to one or more VOCs and thereby influence insect behavior in a manner that has yet to be fully elucidated. Despite numerous gaps in the current understanding of VOC-mediated plant-insect interactions, successful pest management strategies such as push-pull systems, synthetic odorant traps, and crop cultivars with modified VOC profiles have been developed to supplement chemical pesticide applications and enable more sustainable agricultural practices. Future studies in this field would benefit from examining the responses of both plants and insects in the same experiment to gain a more complete view of these interactive systems. Furthermore, a molecular evolutionary study of key genetic elements of the ecological interaction phenotypes could provide new insights into VOC-mediated plant communication with insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqun Zhou 周绍群
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Song HJ, Ku KM. Optimization of allyl isothiocyanate sanitizing concentration for inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium on lettuce based on its phenotypic and metabolome changes. Food Chem 2021; 364:130438. [PMID: 34186479 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a natural compound, is a promising food additive and preservative because of its safety and effectiveness. In order to determine optimal AITC concentrations for disinfection of food pathogen on lettuce without compromising postharvest quality, various concentrations of AITC (0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 µL L-1) were applied to Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated lettuce in air-tight box at 7 °C. As a result, the decline in visual quality, weight loss via cell membrane damage, and significantly reduced antioxidant activity were observed in lettuce treated with an AITC concentration of 2.5 µL L-1, 5 µL L-1 or higher. Moreover, metabolome analysis showed pattern of increased respiratory and cell damage, such as lipid peroxidation. Based on physiological changes, 1 µL L-1 was determined as the optimal AITC concentration that significantly reduced S. Typhimurium population (4.01 log CFU g-1) on lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jong Song
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Horticulture at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Panda S, Kazachkova Y, Aharoni A. Catch-22 in specialized metabolism: balancing defense and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6027-6041. [PMID: 34293097 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are unsurpassed biochemists that synthesize a plethora of molecules in response to an ever-changing environment. The majority of these molecules, considered as specialized metabolites, effectively protect the plant against pathogens and herbivores. However, this defense most probably comes at a great expense, leading to reduction of growth (known as the 'growth-defense trade-off'). Plants employ several strategies to reduce the high metabolic costs associated with chemical defense. Production of specialized metabolites is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors facilitating its fine-tuning in time and space. Multifunctionality of specialized metabolites-their effective recycling system by re-using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, thus re-introducing them back to the primary metabolite pool-allows further cost reduction. Spatial separation of biosynthetic enzymes and their substrates, and sequestration of potentially toxic substances and conversion to less toxic metabolite forms are the plant's solutions to avoid the detrimental effects of metabolites they produce as well as to reduce production costs. Constant fitness pressure from herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stressors leads to honing of specialized metabolite biosynthesis reactions to be timely, efficient, and metabolically cost-effective. In this review, we assess the costs of production of specialized metabolites for chemical defense and the different plant mechanisms to reduce the cost of such metabolic activity in terms of self-toxicity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Negev, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Bhat R, Faiz S, Ali V, Khajuria M, Mukherjee D, Vyas D. Effect of temperature and insect herbivory on the regulation of glucosinolate-myrosinase system in Lepidium latifolium. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:53-63. [PMID: 33231316 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolate-myrosinase (GLS-MYR) system is an important component of plant-insect interactions. However, there is no report on its performance in field conditions where the plants are subjected to both abiotic and biotic pressures simultaneously. We investigated the GLS-MYR system in a Himalayan ecotype of Lepidium latifolium that is recognized for its adaptive potential in field conditions. In order to understand the independent contribution of temperature and Pieris brassicae herbivory on the components of the GLS-MYR system, different conditions were simulated in the growth chamber. During field conditions, the final GLS hydrolysis products were found to be regulated by the metabolic GLS levels, the temperature conditions, and the density of insect interactions. These factors influence the expression of the hydrolyzing and specifier proteins, which further affects the GLS hydrolysis products. Our results suggest that the production of hydrolysis products is differentially affected under field conditions. While allyl isothiocyanate is significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by temperature but not insect density, 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane is not affected by either. The study shows that the outcome of the GLS-MYR system in a plant is a consequence of the combinatorial effect of ecophysiological factors and the insect interactions that eventually decide the performance of a plant in an environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bhat
- Plant Science (Biodiversity and Applied Botany) Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sheenam Faiz
- Plant Science (Biodiversity and Applied Botany) Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Villayat Ali
- Plant Science (Biodiversity and Applied Botany) Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manu Khajuria
- Plant Science (Biodiversity and Applied Botany) Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
| | - Dhiraj Vyas
- Plant Science (Biodiversity and Applied Botany) Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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12
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Ahuja I, Kissen R, Hoang L, Sporsheim B, Halle KK, Wolff SA, Ahmad SJN, Ahmad JN, Bones AM. The Imaging of Guard Cells of thioglucosidase ( tgg) Mutants of Arabidopsis Further Links Plant Chemical Defence Systems with Physical Defence Barriers. Cells 2021; 10:227. [PMID: 33503919 PMCID: PMC7911204 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is a well-known plant chemical defence system. Two functional myrosinase-encoding genes, THIOGLUCOSIDASE 1 (TGG1) and THIOGLUCOSIDASE 2 (TGG2), express in aerial tissues of Arabidopsis. TGG1 expresses in guard cells (GCs) and is also a highly abundant protein in GCs. Recently, by studying wild type (WT), tgg single, and double mutants, we showed a novel association between the glucosinolate-myrosinase system defence system, and a physical barrier, the cuticle. In the current study, using imaging techniques, we further analysed stomata and ultrastructure of GCs of WT, tgg1, tgg2 single, and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The tgg mutants showed distinctive features of GCs. The GCs of tgg1 and tgg1 tgg2 mutants showed vacuoles that had less electron-dense granular material. Both tgg single mutants had bigger stomata complexes. The WT and tgg mutants also showed variations for cell wall, chloroplasts, and starch grains of GCs. Abscisic acid (ABA)-treated stomata showed that the stomatal aperture was reduced in tgg1 single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The data provides a basis to perform comprehensive further studies to find physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with ultrastructure differences in tgg mutants. We speculate that the absence of myrosinase alters the endogenous chemical composition, hence affecting the physical structure of plants and the plants' physical defence barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Linh Hoang
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
- Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari K. Halle
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Silje Aase Wolff
- National Centre for STEM Recruitment, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Mitreiter S, Gigolashvili T. Regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:70-91. [PMID: 33313802 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary defense metabolites produced by plants of the order Brassicales, which includes the model species Arabidopsis and many crop species. In the past 13 years, the regulation of glucosinolate synthesis in plants has been intensively studied, with recent research revealing complex molecular mechanisms that connect glucosinolate production with responses to other central pathways. In this review, we discuss how the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis is ecologically relevant for plants, how it is controlled by transcription factors, and how this transcriptional machinery interacts with hormonal, environmental, and epigenetic mechanisms. We present the central players in glucosinolate regulation, MYB and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as well as the plant hormone jasmonate, which together with other hormones and environmental signals allow the coordinated and rapid regulation of glucosinolate genes. Furthermore, we highlight the regulatory connections between glucosinolates, auxin, and sulfur metabolism and discuss emerging insights and open questions on the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mitreiter
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Bharath P, Gahir S, Raghavendra AS. Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:615114. [PMID: 33746999 PMCID: PMC7969522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.615114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing stomata and parallelly defend against microbes by restricting their entry through stomatal pores. ABA can also promote the accumulation of polyamines, sphingolipids, and even proline. Stomatal closure by compounds other than ABA also helps plant defense against both abiotic and biotic stress factors. Further, ABA can interact with other hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA). Such cross-talk can be an additional factor in plant adaptations against environmental stresses and microbial pathogens. The present review highlights the recent progress in understanding ABA's multifaceted role under stress conditions, particularly stomatal closure. We point out the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), nitric oxide (NO), and Ca2+ in guard cells as key signaling components during the ABA-mediated short-term plant defense reactions. The rise in ROS, RCS, NO, and intracellular Ca2+ triggered by ABA can promote additional events involved in long-term adaptive measures, including gene expression, accumulation of compatible solutes to protect the cell, hypersensitive response (HR), and programmed cell death (PCD). Several pathogens can counteract and try to reopen stomata. Similarly, pathogens attempt to trigger PCD of host tissue to their benefit. Yet, ABA-induced effects independent of stomatal closure can delay the pathogen spread and infection within leaves. Stomatal closure and other ABA influences can be among the early steps of defense and a crucial component of plants' innate immunity response. Stomatal guard cells are quite sensitive to environmental stress and are considered good model systems for signal transduction studies. Further research on the ABA-induced stomatal closure mechanism can help us design strategies for plant/crop adaptations to stress.
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15
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Afrin S, Okuma E, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Jahan MS, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Munemasa S, Murata Y. Stomatal response to isothiocyanates in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6921-6931. [PMID: 33252127 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induces stomatal closure accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and glutathione (GSH) depletion in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, stomatal responses to three other isothiocyanates (ITCs), benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), sulforaphane (SFN), and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), were investigated in A. thaliana. All these ITCs significantly induced stomatal closure, where PEITC and BITC were most effective. The selected ITCs also induced ROS accumulation, cytosolic alkalization, and GSH depletion in guard cells. Moreover, all ITCs increased the frequency of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) spikes (transient elevation), while PEITC and BITC showed the highest frequency. There was a strong positive correlation between the number of [Ca2+]cyt spikes per guard cell and the decrease in stomatal aperture. Both cytosolic alkalization and GSH content have a positive correlation with the decrease in stomatal aperture, but ROS production did not have a significant correlation with the decrease in stomatal apertures. These results indicate that the molecules with a functional ITC group induce stomatal closure that is accompanied by GSH depletion, cytosolic alkalization, [Ca2+]cyt spikes, and ROS production, and that the former three cellular events, rather than ROS production, are highly correlated with the decrease in stomatal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Afrin
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eiji Okuma
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Md Sarwar Jahan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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16
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Hussain M, Gao J, Bano S, Wang L, Lin Y, Arthurs S, Qasim M, Mao R. Diamondback Moth Larvae Trigger Host Plant Volatiles that Lure Its Adult Females for Oviposition. INSECTS 2020; 11:E725. [PMID: 33114044 PMCID: PMC7690744 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM) is a destructive pest of crucifer crops. In this study, DBM larvae shown to herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that were attractive to adult females exposed in a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results showed that olfactory responses of adult females to HIPVs induced by third instar larvae feeding on Barbarea vulgaris were significantly higher (20.40 ± 1.78; mean moths (%) ± SD) than those induced by first instar larvae (14.80 ± 1.86; mean moths (%) ± SD). Meanwhile, a significant concentration of Sulphur-containing isothiocyanate, 3-methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate, and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate were detected in HIPVs released by third instar larvae compared to those released by first instar larvae while feeding on B. vulgaris. When the DBM females were exposed to synthetic chemicals, singly and in blend form, a similar response was observed as to natural HIPVs. Our study demonstrated that the relationship between isothiocyanates acting as plant defense compounds, host plant cues emission and regulation of the DBM adult female behavior due to key volatile triggered by the DBM larvae feeding on B. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Jing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Summyya Bano
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education (MoE), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongwen Lin
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Runqian Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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17
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Li W, Gupta A, Tian H, Nguyen KH, Tran CD, Watanabe Y, Tian C, Li K, Yang Y, Guo J, Luo Y, Miao Y, Phan Tran LS. Different strategies of strigolactone and karrikin signals in regulating the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to water-deficit stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1789321. [PMID: 32669036 PMCID: PMC8550175 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1789321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone and karrikin receptors, DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), respectively, have been shown to positively regulate drought resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana by modulating abscisic acid responsiveness, anthocyanin accumulation, stomatal closure, cell membrane integrity and cuticle formation. Here, we aim to identify genes specifically or commonly regulated by D14 and KAI2 under water scarcity, using comparative analysis of the transcriptome data of the A. thaliana d14-1 and kai2-2 mutants under dehydration conditions. In comparison with wild-type, under dehydration conditions, the expression levels of genes related to photosynthesis and the metabolism of glucosinolates and trehalose were significantly changed in both d14-1 and kai2-2 mutant plants, whereas the transcript levels of genes related to the metabolism of cytokinins and brassinosteroids were significantly altered in the d14-1 mutant plants only. These results suggest that cytokinin and brassinosteroid metabolism might be specifically regulated by the D14 pathway, whereas photosynthesis and metabolism of glucosinolates and trehalose are potentially regulated by both D14 and KAI2 pathways in plant response to water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hongtao Tian
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yin Luo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- CONTACT Yuchen Miao Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng475001, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Lam-Son Phan Tran ; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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18
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Hara M. Potential use of essential oils to enhance heat tolerance in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 75:225-231. [PMID: 32755102 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates, monoterpenes, and leaf volatiles that are components of essential oils induce the expression of heat shock protein genes in plant systems. Here, the modes of heat shock responses induced by the essential oil compounds and their heat-tolerance-enhancing activities are described. Traditionally, green manure produced from essential-oil-containing plants has been used because such manure is thought to have beneficial effects in fertilizing, allelopathic, antibacterial, and animal-repellent activities. In addition to these effects, stress (especially heat stress)-tolerance-enhancing activities can be expected. Biostimulants containing such essential oils may be able to maintain the yield and quality of crops under increasing ambient temperatures. In this review, chemicals that enhance the heat tolerance of plants are designated as heat tolerance enhancers (HTLEs). Some essential oil compounds can be categorized as HTLEs available for biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hara
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Phone: +81-54-238-5134, Fax: +81-54-238-5134
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19
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Ye W, Ando E, Rhaman MS, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Okuma E, Nakamura Y, Kinoshita T, Murata Y. Inhibition of light-induced stomatal opening by allyl isothiocyanate does not require guard cell cytosolic Ca2+ signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2922-2932. [PMID: 32103265 PMCID: PMC7260714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is a well-known defense system that has been shown to induce stomatal closure in Brassicales. Isothiocyanates are highly reactive hydrolysates of glucosinolates, and an isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), induces stomatal closure accompanied by elevation of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in Arabidopsis. It remains unknown whether AITC inhibits light-induced stomatal opening. This study investigated the role of Ca2+ in AITC-induced stomatal closure and inhibition of light-induced stomatal opening. AITC induced stomatal closure and inhibited light-induced stomatal opening in a dose-dependent manner. A Ca2+ channel inhibitor, La3+, a Ca2+chelator, EGTA, and an inhibitor of Ca2+ release from internal stores, nicotinamide, inhibited AITC-induced [Ca2+]cyt elevation and stomatal closure, but did not affect inhibition of light-induced stomatal opening. AITC activated non-selective Ca2+-permeable cation channels and inhibited inward-rectifying K+ (K+in) channels in a Ca2+-independent manner. AITC also inhibited stomatal opening induced by fusicoccin, a plasma membrane H+-ATPase activator, but had no significant effect on fusicoccin-induced phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine of H+-ATPase. Taken together, these results suggest that AITC induces Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release to elevate [Ca2+]cyt, which is essential for AITC-induced stomatal closure but not for inhibition of K+in channels and light-induced stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Ye
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecule, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eigo Ando
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eiji Okuma
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecule, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence:
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20
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Ting HM, Cheah BH, Chen YC, Yeh PM, Cheng CP, Yeo FKS, Vie AK, Rohloff J, Winge P, Bones AM, Kissen R. The Role of a Glucosinolate-Derived Nitrile in Plant Immune Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:257. [PMID: 32211010 PMCID: PMC7076197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are defense-related secondary metabolites found in Brassicaceae. When Brassicaceae come under attack, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed into different forms of glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs). Among the GHPs, isothiocyanates are the most comprehensively characterized defensive compounds, whereas the functional study of nitriles, another group of GHP, is still limited. Therefore, this study investigates whether 3-butenenitrile (3BN), a nitrile, can trigger the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana against biotic stresses. Briefly, the methodology is divided into three stages, (i) evaluate the physiological and biochemical effects of exogenous 3BN treatment on Arabidopsis, (ii) determine the metabolites involved in 3BN-mediated defense responses in Arabidopsis, and (iii) assess whether a 3BN treatment can enhance the disease tolerance of Arabidopsis against necrotrophic pathogens. As a result, a 2.5 mM 3BN treatment caused lesion formation in Arabidopsis Columbia (Col-0) plants, a process found to be modulated by nitric oxide (NO). Metabolite profiling revealed an increased production of soluble sugars, Krebs cycle associated carboxylic acids and amino acids in Arabidopsis upon a 2.5 mM 3BN treatment, presumably via NO action. Primary metabolites such as sugars and amino acids are known to be crucial components in modulating plant defense responses. Furthermore, exposure to 2.0 mM 3BN treatment began to increase the production of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) phytohormones in Arabidopsis Col-0 plants in the absence of lesion formation. The production of SA and JA in nitrate reductase loss-of function mutant (nia1nia2) plants was also induced by the 3BN treatments, with a greater induction for JA. The SA concentration in nia1nia2 plants was lower than in Col-0 plants, confirming the previously reported role of NO in controlling SA production in Arabidopsis. A 2.0 mM 3BN treatment prior to pathogen assays effectively alleviated the leaf lesion symptom of Arabidopsis Col-0 plants caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum and Botrytis cinerea and reduced the pathogen growth on leaves. The findings of this study demonstrate that 3BN can elicit defense response pathways in Arabidopsis, which potentially involves a coordinated crosstalk between NO and phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieng-Ming Ting
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Boon Huat Cheah
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Freddy Kuok San Yeo
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Ane Kjersti Vie
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens Rohloff
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Li B, Tang M, Caseys C, Nelson A, Zhou M, Zhou X, Brady SM, Kliebenstein DJ. Epistatic Transcription Factor Networks Differentially Modulate Arabidopsis Growth and Defense. Genetics 2020; 214:529-541. [PMID: 31852726 PMCID: PMC7017016 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants integrate internal and external signals to finely coordinate growth and defense for maximal fitness within a complex environment. A common model suggests that growth and defense show a trade-offs relationship driven by energy costs. However, recent studies suggest that the coordination of growth and defense likely involves more conditional and intricate connections than implied by the trade-off model. To explore how a transcription factor (TF) network may coordinate growth and defense, we used a high-throughput phenotyping approach to measure growth and flowering in a set of single and pairwise mutants previously linked to the aliphatic glucosinolate (GLS) defense pathway. Supporting a link between growth and defense, 17 of the 20 tested defense-associated TFs significantly influenced plant growth and/or flowering time. The TFs' effects were conditional upon the environment and age of the plant, and more critically varied across the growth and defense phenotypes for a given genotype. In support of the coordination model of growth and defense, the TF mutant's effects on short-chain aliphatic GLS and growth did not display a simple correlation. We propose that large TF networks integrate internal and external signals and separately modulate growth and the accumulation of the defensive aliphatic GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Céline Caseys
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ayla Nelson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marium Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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22
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Salehin M, Li B, Tang M, Katz E, Song L, Ecker JR, Kliebenstein DJ, Estelle M. Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31492889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12002-12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential to provide food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae that protect plants from herbivory and pathogen attack. Here we report that in Arabidopsis, aliphatic GLS levels are regulated by the auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressors IAA5, IAA6, and IAA19. These proteins act in a transcriptional cascade that maintains expression of GLS levels when plants are exposed to drought conditions. Loss of IAA5/6/19 results in reduced GLS levels and decreased drought tolerance. Further, we show that this phenotype is associated with a defect in stomatal regulation. Application of GLS to the iaa5,6,19 mutants restores stomatal regulation and normal drought tolerance. GLS action is dependent on the receptor kinase GHR1, suggesting that GLS may signal via reactive oxygen species. These results provide a novel connection between auxin signaling, GLS levels and drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA.
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23
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Salehin M, Li B, Tang M, Katz E, Song L, Ecker JR, Kliebenstein DJ, Estelle M. Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4021. [PMID: 31492889 PMCID: PMC6731224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential to provide food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae that protect plants from herbivory and pathogen attack. Here we report that in Arabidopsis, aliphatic GLS levels are regulated by the auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressors IAA5, IAA6, and IAA19. These proteins act in a transcriptional cascade that maintains expression of GLS levels when plants are exposed to drought conditions. Loss of IAA5/6/19 results in reduced GLS levels and decreased drought tolerance. Further, we show that this phenotype is associated with a defect in stomatal regulation. Application of GLS to the iaa5,6,19 mutants restores stomatal regulation and normal drought tolerance. GLS action is dependent on the receptor kinase GHR1, suggesting that GLS may signal via reactive oxygen species. These results provide a novel connection between auxin signaling, GLS levels and drought response. Brassicaceae produce glucosinolates to protect against herbivory and pathogens. Here the authors show that auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressor proteins regulate aliphatic glucosinolate levels in Arabidopsis and this promotes stomatal closure via reactive oxygen species during drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA.
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24
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Chan KX, Phua SY, Van Breusegem F. Secondary sulfur metabolism in cellular signalling and oxidative stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4237-4250. [PMID: 30868163 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur metabolism pathway in plants produces a variety of compounds that are central to the acclimation response to oxidative stresses such as drought and high light. Primary sulfur assimilation provides the amino acid cysteine, which is utilized in protein synthesis and as a precursor for the cellular redox buffer glutathione. In contrast, the secondary sulfur metabolism pathway produces sulfated compounds such as glucosinolates and sulfated peptides, as well as a corresponding by-product 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP). Emerging evidence over the past decade has shown that secondary sulfur metabolism also has a crucial engagement during oxidative stress. This occurs across various cellular, tissue, and organismal levels including chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling events mediated by PAP, modulation of hormonal signalling by sulfated compounds and PAP, control of physiological responses such as stomatal closure, and potential regulation of plant growth. In this review, we examine the contribution of the different components of plant secondary metabolism to oxidative stress homeostasis, and how this pathway is metabolically regulated. We further outline the key outstanding questions in the field that are necessary to understand how and why this 'specialized' metabolic pathway plays significant roles in plant oxidative stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xun Chan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Su Yin Phua
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Barco B, Clay NK. Evolution of Glucosinolate Diversity via Whole-Genome Duplications, Gene Rearrangements, and Substrate Promiscuity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:585-604. [PMID: 31035830 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over several decades, glucosinolates have become a model system for the study of specialized metabolic diversity in plants. The near-complete identification of biosynthetic enzymes, regulators, and transporters has provided support for the role of gene duplication and subsequent changes in gene expression, protein function, and substrate specificity as the evolutionary bases of glucosinolate diversity. Here, we provide examples of how whole-genome duplications, gene rearrangements, and substrate promiscuity potentiated the evolution of glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes, regulators, and transporters by natural selection. This in turn may have led to the repeated evolution of glucosinolate metabolism and diversity in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Barco
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; ,
| | - Nicole K Clay
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; ,
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26
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Agurla S, Gahir S, Munemasa S, Murata Y, Raghavendra AS. Mechanism of Stomatal Closure in Plants Exposed to Drought and Cold Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1081:215-232. [PMID: 30288712 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the abiotic stresses which impairs the plant growth/development and restricts the yield of many crops throughout the world. Stomatal closure is a common adaptation response of plants to the onset of drought condition. Stomata are microscopic pores on the leaf epidermis, which regulate the transpiration/CO2 uptake by leaves. Stomatal guard cells can sense various abiotic and biotic stress stimuli from the internal and external environment and respond quickly to initiate closure under unfavorable conditions. Stomata also limit the entry of pathogens into leaves, restricting their invasion. Drought is accompanied by the production and/or mobilization of the phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA), which is well-known for its ability to induce stomatal closure. Apart from the ABA, various other factors that accumulate during drought and affect the stomatal function are plant hormones (auxins, MJ, ethylene, brassinosteroids, and cytokinins), microbial elicitors (salicylic acid, harpin, Flg 22, and chitosan), and polyamines . The role of various signaling components/secondary messengers during stomatal opening or closure has been a matter of intense investigation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) , nitric oxide (NO) , cytosolic pH, and calcium are some of the well-documented signaling components during stomatal closure. The interrelationship and interactions of these signaling components such as ROS, NO, cytosolic pH, and free Ca2+ are quite complex and need further detailed examination.Low temperatures can have deleterious effects on plants. However, plants evolved protection mechanisms to overcome the impact of this stress. Cold temperature inhibits stomatal opening and causes stomatal closure. Cold-acclimated plants often exhibit marked changes in their lipid composition, particularly of the membranes. Cold stress often leads to the accumulation of ABA, besides osmolytes such as glycine betaine and proline. The role of signaling components such as ROS, NO, and Ca2+ during cold acclimation is yet to be established, though the effects of cold stress on plant growth and development are studied extensively. The information on the mitigation processes is quite limited. We have attempted to describe consequences of drought and cold stress in plants, emphasizing stomatal closure. Several of these factors trigger signaling components in roots, shoots, and atmosphere, all leading to stomatal closure. A scheme is presented to show the possible signaling events and their convergence and divergence of action during stomatal closure. The possible directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Agurla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashibhushan Gahir
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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27
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Chhajed S, Misra BB, Tello N, Chen S. Chemodiversity of the Glucosinolate-Myrosinase System at the Single Cell Type Resolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:618. [PMID: 31164896 PMCID: PMC6536577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are a well-defined group of specialized metabolites, and like any other plant specialized metabolites, their presence does not directly affect the plant survival in terms of growth and development. However, specialized metabolites are essential to combat environmental stresses, such as pathogens and herbivores. GLSs naturally occur in many pungent plants in the order of Brassicales. To date, more than 200 different GLS structures have been characterized and their distribution differs from species to species. GLSs co-exist with classical and atypical myrosinases, which can hydrolyze GLS into an unstable aglycone thiohydroximate-O-sulfonate, which rearranges to produce different degradation products. GLSs, myrosinases, myrosinase interacting proteins, and GLS degradation products constitute the GLS-myrosinase (GM) system ("mustard oil bomb"). This review discusses the cellular and subcellular organization of the GM system, its chemodiversity, and functions in different cell types. Although there are many studies on the functions of GLSs and/or myrosinases at the tissue and whole plant levels, very few studies have focused on different single cell types. Single cell type studies will help to reveal specific functions that are missed at the tissue and organismal level. This review aims to highlight (1) recent progress in cellular and subcellular compartmentation of GLSs, myrosinases, and myrosinase interacting proteins; (2) molecular and biochemical diversity of GLSs and myrosinases; and (3) myrosinase interaction with its interacting proteins, and how it regulates the degradation of GLSs and thus the biological functions (e.g., plant defense against pathogens). Future prospects may include targeted approaches for engineering/breeding of plants and crops in the cell type-specific manner toward enhanced plant defense and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Chhajed
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Biswapriya B. Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nathalia Tello
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Sixue Chen,
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28
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Sugiyama R, Hirai MY. Atypical Myrosinase as a Mediator of Glucosinolate Functions in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1008. [PMID: 31447873 PMCID: PMC6691170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are a well-known class of specialized plant metabolites, distributed mostly in the order Brassicales. A vast research field in basic and applied sciences has grown up around GLSs owing to their presence in important agricultural crops and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and their broad range of bioactivities beneficial to human health. The major purpose of GLSs in plants has been considered their function as a chemical defense against predators. GLSs are physically separated from a specialized class of beta-thioglucosidases called myrosinases, at the tissue level or at the single-cell level. They are brought together as a consequence of tissue damage, primarily triggered by herbivores, and their interaction results in the release of toxic volatile chemicals including isothiocyanates. In addition, recent studies have suggested that plants may adopt other strategies independent of tissue disruption for initiating GLS breakdown to cope with certain biotic/abiotic stresses. This hypothesis has been further supported by the discovery of an atypical class of GLS-hydrolyzing enzymes possessing features that are distinct from those of the classical myrosinases. Nevertheless, there is only little information on the physiological importance of atypical myrosinases. In this review, we focus on the broad diversity of the beta-glucosidase subclasses containing known atypical myrosinases in A. thaliana to discuss the hypothesis that numerous members of these subclasses can hydrolyze GLSs to regulate their diverse functions in plants. Also, the increasingly broadening functional repertoires of known atypical/classical myrosinases are described with reference to recent findings. Assessment of independent insights gained from A. thaliana with respect to (1) the phenotype of mutants lacking genes in the GLS metabolic/breakdown pathways, (2) fluctuation in GLS contents/metabolism under specific conditions, and (3) the response of plants to exogenous GLSs or their hydrolytic products, will enable us to reconsider the physiological importance of GLS breakdown in particular situations, which is likely to be regulated by specific beta-glucosidases.
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29
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Arabidopsis mutants impaired in glutathione biosynthesis exhibit higher sensitivity towards the glucosinolate hydrolysis product allyl-isothiocyanate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9809. [PMID: 29955088 PMCID: PMC6023892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon tissue damage the plant secondary metabolites glucosinolates can generate various hydrolysis products, including isothiocyanates (ITCs). Their role in plant defence against insects and pest and their potential health benefits have been well documented, but our knowledge regarding the endogenous molecular mechanisms of their effect in plants is limited. Here we investigated the effect of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) on Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in homeostasis of the low-molecular weight thiol glutathione. We show that glutathione is important for the AITC-induced physiological responses, since mutants deficient in glutathione biosynthesis displayed a lower biomass and higher root growth inhibition than WT seedlings. These mutants were also more susceptible than WT to another ITC, sulforaphane. Sulforaphane was however more potent in inhibiting root growth than AITC. Combining AITC with the glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) led to an even stronger phenotype than observed for the single treatments. Furthermore, transgenic plants expressing the redox-sensitive fluorescent biomarker roGFP2 indicated more oxidative conditions during AITC treatment. Taken together, we provide genetic evidence that glutathione plays an important role in AITC-induced growth inhibition, although further studies need to be conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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30
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Transcriptome Analysis in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Provides the Role of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Response to Drought Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051186. [PMID: 29762546 PMCID: PMC6099646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although drought stress is one of the most limiting factors in growth and production of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), the underlying biochemical and molecular causes are poorly understood. In the present study, to address the mechanisms underlying the drought responses, we analyzed the transcriptome profile of Chinese cabbage grown under drought conditions. Drought stress transcriptionally activated several transcription factor genes, including AP2/ERFs, bHLHs, NACs and bZIPs, and was found to possibly result in transcriptional variation in genes involved in organic substance metabolic processes. In addition, comparative expression analysis of selected BrbZIPs under different stress conditions suggested that drought-induced BrbZIPs are important for improving drought tolerance. Further, drought stress in Chinese cabbage caused differential acclimation responses in glucosinolate metabolism in leaves and roots. Analysis of stomatal aperture indicated that drought-induced accumulation of glucosinolates in leaves directly or indirectly controlled stomatal closure to prevent water loss, suggesting that organ-specific responses are essential for plant survival under drought stress condition. Taken together, our results provide information important for further studies on molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage.
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31
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Silva MS, Arraes FBM, Campos MDA, Grossi-de-Sa M, Fernandez D, Cândido EDS, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Review: Potential biotechnological assets related to plant immunity modulation applicable in engineering disease-resistant crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:72-84. [PMID: 29576088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the biotechnological potential of molecules implicated in the different layers of plant immunity, including, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS), and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) that can be applied in the development of disease-resistant genetically modified (GM) plants. These biomolecules are produced by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes) or plants during their mutual interactions. Biomolecules involved in the first layers of plant immunity, PTI and ETS, include inhibitors of pathogen cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and susceptibility (S) proteins, while the ETI-related biomolecules include plant resistance (R) proteins. The biomolecules involved in plant defense PTI/ETI responses described herein also include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and ribosome-inhibiting proteins (RIPs), as well as enzymes involved in plant defensive secondary metabolite biosynthesis (phytoanticipins and phytoalexins). Moreover, the regulation of immunity by RNA interference (RNAi) in GM disease-resistant plants is also considered. Therefore, the present review does not cover all the classes of biomolecules involved in plant innate immunity that may be applied in the development of disease-resistant GM crops but instead highlights the most common strategies in the literature, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Santos Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Embrapa Cenargen), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Barbosa Monteiro Arraes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Embrapa Cenargen), Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Embrapa Cenargen), Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Walia A, Waadt R, Jones AM. Genetically Encoded Biosensors in Plants: Pathways to Discovery. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:497-524. [PMID: 29719164 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors that directly interact with a molecule of interest were first introduced more than 20 years ago with fusion proteins that served as fluorescent indicators for calcium ions. Since then, the technology has matured into a diverse array of biosensors that have been deployed to improve our spatiotemporal understanding of molecules whose dynamics have profound influence on plant physiology and development. In this review, we address several types of biosensors with a focus on genetically encoded calcium indicators, which are now the most diverse and advanced group of biosensors. We then consider the discoveries in plant biology made by using biosensors for calcium, pH, reactive oxygen species, redox conditions, primary metabolites, phytohormones, and nutrients. These discoveries were dependent on the engineering, characterization, and optimization required to develop a successful biosensor; they were also dependent on the methodological developments required to express, detect, and analyze the readout of such biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Walia
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom;
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexander M Jones
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom;
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Wagner MR, Mitchell-Olds T. Plasticity of plant defense and its evolutionary implications in wild populations of Boechera stricta. Evolution 2018. [PMID: 29522254 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is thought to impact evolutionary trajectories by shifting trait values in a direction that is either favored by natural selection ("adaptive" plasticity) or disfavored ("nonadaptive" plasticity). However, it is unclear how commonly each of these types of plasticity occurs in natural populations. To answer this question, we measured glucosinolate defensive chemistry and reproductive fitness in over 1500 individuals of the wild perennial mustard Boechera stricta, planted in four common gardens across central Idaho, United States. Glucosinolate profiles-including total glucosinolate concentration as well as the relative abundances and overall diversity of different compounds-were strongly plastic both among habitats and within habitats. Patterns of glucosinolate plasticity varied greatly among genotypes. Plasticity among sites was predicted to affect fitness in 27.1% of cases; more often than expected by chance, glucosinolate plasticity increased rather than decreased relative fitness. In contrast, we found no evidence for within-habitat selection on glucosinolate reaction norm slopes (i.e., plasticity along a continuous environmental gradient). Together, our results indicate that glucosinolate plasticity may improve the ability of B. stricta populations to persist after migration to new habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie R Wagner
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708.,Current Address: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Thomas Mitchell-Olds
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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Malinovsky FG, Thomsen MLF, Nintemann SJ, Jagd LM, Bourgine B, Burow M, Kliebenstein DJ. An evolutionarily young defense metabolite influences the root growth of plants via the ancient TOR signaling pathway. eLife 2017; 6:29353. [PMID: 29231169 PMCID: PMC5730369 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To optimize fitness a plant should monitor its metabolism to appropriately control growth and defense. Primary metabolism can be measured by the universally conserved TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway to balance growth and development with the available energy and nutrients. Recent work suggests that plants may measure defense metabolites to potentially provide a strategy ensuring fast reallocation of resources to coordinate plant growth and defense. There is little understanding of mechanisms enabling defense metabolite signaling. To identify mechanisms of defense metabolite signaling, we used glucosinolates, an important class of plant defense metabolites. We report novel signaling properties specific to one distinct glucosinolate, 3-hydroxypropylglucosinolate across plants and fungi. This defense metabolite, or derived compounds, reversibly inhibits root growth and development. 3-hydroxypropylglucosinolate signaling functions via genes in the ancient TOR pathway. If this event is not unique, this raises the possibility that other evolutionarily new plant metabolites may link to ancient signaling pathways. Plants, like all organisms, must invest their resources carefully. Growing new roots or shoots may allow a plant to better exploit its environment. But a plant should never leave itself vulnerable to disease. As such, there must be a balance between allocating resources to growth or to defense. Brassicas like cabbage, Brussels sprouts and wasabi use unique compounds called glucosinolates to protect themselves against pests and disease-causing microbes. These same compounds give these vegetables their distinctive flavors, and they are the source of many of the health benefits linked to eating these vegetables. Yet it was not known if glucosinolates could also affect a plant’s growth and development. Malinovsky et al. tested a number of purified glucosinolates with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and found that one (called 3-hydroxypropylglucosinolate) caused the plants to grow with stunted roots. When 10 other species of plant were grown with this glucosinolate, almost all had shorter-than-normal roots. The effect was not limited to plants; baker’s yeast also grew less when its liquid media contained the plant-derived compound. The reason glucosinolates can protect plants against insect pests, provide us with health benefits, and widely inhibit growth is most likely because they have evolved to interact with proteins that are found in many different organisms.Indeed, through experiments with mutant Arabidopsis plants, Malinovsky et al. revealed that their glucosinolate influences the TOR complex. This complex of proteins works in an ancient and widespread signaling pathway that balances growth and development with the available energy and nutrients in organisms ranging from humans to yeast to plants. The TOR complex plays such a vital role in living cells that problems with this complex have been linked to diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Importantly, the chemical structure of this glucosinolate is unlike other compounds that have already been tested against the TOR complex. As such, it is possible that this glucosinolate might lead to new drugs for a range of human diseases. Further, as this compound affects plant growth, it could also act as a starting point for new herbicides. Together these findings show how studying molecules made in model organisms and understanding how they function can lead to the identification of new compounds and targets with an unexpectedly wide range of potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke Gro Malinovsky
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise F Thomsen
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian J Nintemann
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Møller Jagd
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Baptiste Bourgine
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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Urbancsok J, Bones AM, Kissen R. Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates Inhibit Arabidopsis Growth and the Potency Depends on Their Side Chain Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112372. [PMID: 29117115 PMCID: PMC5713341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs), the biologically important glucosinolate breakdown products, can present health-promoting effects, play an important role in plant defense and affect plant cellular mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the biological effects of ITCs on Arabidopsis thaliana by assessing growth parameters after long-term exposure to low concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic ITCs, ranging from 1 to 1000 µM. Treatment with the aliphatic allylisothiocyanate (allyl-ITC) led to a significant reduction of root length and fresh weight in a dose-dependent manner and affected the formation of lateral roots. To assess the importance of a hormonal crosstalk in the allyl-ITC-mediated growth reduction, the response of auxin and ethylene mutants was investigated, but our results did not allow us to confirm a role for these hormones. Aromatic ITCs generally led to a more severe growth inhibition than the aliphatic allyl-ITC. Interestingly, we observed a correlation between the length of their side chain and the effect these aromatic ITCs caused on Arabidopsis thaliana, with the greatest inhibitory effect seen for 2-phenylethyl-ITC. Root growth recovered when seedlings were removed from exposure to ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Urbancsok
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Atle M Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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36
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Metabolic Signatures in Response to Abscisic Acid (ABA) Treatment in Brassica napus Guard Cells Revealed by Metabolomics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12875. [PMID: 28993661 PMCID: PMC5634414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought can severely damage crops, resulting in major yield losses. During drought, vascular land plants conserve water via stomatal closure. Each stomate is bordered by a pair of guard cells that shrink in response to drought and the associated hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The activation of complex intracellular signaling networks underlies these responses. Therefore, analysis of guard cell metabolites is fundamental for elucidation of guard cell signaling pathways. Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop for human consumption and biodiesel production. Here, non-targeted metabolomics utilizing gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were employed for the first time to identify metabolic signatures in response to ABA in B. napus guard cell protoplasts. Metabolome profiling identified 390 distinct metabolites in B. napus guard cells, falling into diverse classes. Of these, 77 metabolites, comprising both primary and secondary metabolites were found to be significantly ABA responsive, including carbohydrates, fatty acids, glucosinolates, and flavonoids. Selected secondary metabolites, sinigrin, quercetin, campesterol, and sitosterol, were confirmed to regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana, B. napus or both species. Information derived from metabolite datasets can provide a blueprint for improvement of water use efficiency and drought tolerance in crops.
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37
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Sánchez-Pujante PJ, Borja-Martínez M, Pedreño MÁ, Almagro L. Biosynthesis and bioactivity of glucosinolates and their production in plant in vitro cultures. PLANTA 2017; 246:19-32. [PMID: 28492986 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are biologically active compounds which are involved in plant defense reaction. The use of plant in vitro cultures and genetic engineering is a promising strategy for their sustainable production. Glucosinolates are a class of secondary metabolites found mainly in Brassicaceae, which contain nitrogen and sulfur in their structures. Glucosinolates are divided into three groups depending on the amino acid from which they are biosynthesized. Aliphatic glucosinolates are generally derived from leucine, valine, methionine, isoleucine and alanine while indole and aromatic glucosinolates are derived from tryptophan and phenylalanine or tyrosine, respectively. These compounds are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase when plants are stressed by biotic and abiotic factors, obtaining different degradation products. Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products play an important role in plant defense responses against different types of stresses. In addition, these compounds have beneficial effect on human health because they are strong antioxidants and they have potent cardiovascular, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. Due to all the properties described above, the demand for glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products has enormously increased, and therefore, new strategies that allow the production of these compounds to be improved are needed. The use of plant in vitro cultures is emerging as a biotechnological strategy to obtain glucosinolates and their derivatives. This work is focused on the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and the bioactivity of these compounds in plants. In addition, a detailed study on the strategies used to increase the production of several glucosinolates, in particular those synthesized in Brassicaceae, using in vitro plant cultures has been made. Special attention has been paid for increasing the production of glucosinolates and their derivatives using metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Borja-Martínez
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pedreño
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Almagro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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38
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Hisyam B, Amirul Ala M, Naimah N, Sarwar Jah M. Roles of Glycinebetaine on Antioxidants and Gene Function in Rice Plants Under Water Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2017.132.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Ugolini L, Righetti L, Carbone K, Paris R, Malaguti L, Di Francesco A, Micheli L, Paliotta M, Mari M, Lazzeri L. Postharvest application of brassica meal-derived allyl-isothiocyanate to kiwifruit: effect on fruit quality, nutraceutical parameters and physiological response. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:751-760. [PMID: 28298689 PMCID: PMC5334234 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural compounds to preserve fruit quality and develop high value functional products deserves attention especially in the growing industry of processing and packaging ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruit. In this work, potential mechanisms underlying the effects of postharvest biofumigation with brassica meal-derived allyl-isothiocyanate on the physiological responses and quality of 'Hayward' kiwifruits were studied. Fruits were treated with 0.15 mg L-1 of allyl-isothiocyanate vapours for 5 h and then stored in controlled atmosphere (2% O2, 4.5% CO2) at 0 °C and 95% relative humidity, maintaining an ethylene concentration <0.02 μL L-1. The short- and long-term effects of allyl-isothiocyanate on fruit quality traits, nutraceutical attributes, glutathione content, antiradical capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The treatment did not influence the overall fruit quality after 120 days of storage, but interestingly it enhanced the ascorbic acid, polyphenols and flavan-3-ol content, improving the antioxidant potential of kiwifruit. The short-term effect of allyl-isothiocyanate was evidenced by an increase of superoxide dismutase activity and of oxidative glutathione redox state, which were restored 24 h after the treatment. The expression levels of genes involved in detoxification functions, ethylene, ascorbate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, were also significantly affected upon allyl-isothiocyanate application. These results suggest that allyl-isothiocyanate treatment probably triggered an initial oxidative burst, followed by an induction of protective mechanisms, which finally increased the nutraceutical and technological value of treated kiwifruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ugolini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katya Carbone
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, CREA-FRU, Via Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Paris
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Malaguti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Micheli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Paliotta
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, CREA-FRU, Via Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mari
- CRIOF, Università di Bologna, Via Gandolfi 19, 40057 Cadriano, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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40
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Cao J, Li M, Chen J, Liu P, Li Z. Effects of MeJA on Arabidopsis metabolome under endogenous JA deficiency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37674. [PMID: 27883040 PMCID: PMC5121592 DOI: 10.1038/srep37674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) play important roles in plant growth, development and defense. Comprehensive metabolomics profiling of plants under JA treatment provides insights into the interaction and regulation network of plant hormones. Here we applied high resolution mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach on Arabidopsis wild type and JA synthesis deficiency mutant opr3. The effects of exogenous MeJA treatment on the metabolites of opr3 were investigated. More than 10000 ion signals were detected and more than 2000 signals showed significant variation in different genotypes and treatment groups. Multivariate statistic analyses (PCA and PLS-DA) were performed and a differential compound library containing 174 metabolites with high resolution precursor ion-product ions pairs was obtained. Classification and pathway analysis of 109 identified compounds in this library showed that glucosinolates and tryptophan metabolism, amino acids and small peptides metabolism, lipid metabolism, especially fatty acyls metabolism, were impacted by endogenous JA deficiency and exogenous MeJA treatment. These results were further verified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of 21 related genes involved in the metabolism of glucosinolates, tryptophan and α-linolenic acid pathways. The results would greatly enhance our understanding of the biological functions of JA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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41
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Kissen R, Øverby A, Winge P, Bones AM. Allyl-isothiocyanate treatment induces a complex transcriptional reprogramming including heat stress, oxidative stress and plant defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:740. [PMID: 27639974 PMCID: PMC5027104 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are degradation products of the plant secondary metabolites glucosinolates (GSLs) and are known to affect human health as well as plant herbivores and pathogens. To investigate the processes engaged in plants upon exposure to isothiocyanate we performed a genome scale transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana at different time points in response to an exogenous treatment with allyl-isothiocyanate. Results The treatment triggered a substantial response with the expression of 431 genes affected (P < 0.05 and log2 ≥ 1 or ≤ -1) already after 30 min and that of 3915 genes affected after 9 h of exposure, most of the affected genes being upregulated. These are involved in a considerable number of different biological processes, some of which are described in detail: glucosinolate metabolism, sulphate uptake and assimilation, heat stress response, oxidative stress response, elicitor perception, plant defence and cell death mechanisms. Conclusion Exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to vapours of allyl-isothiocyanate triggered a rapid and substantial transcriptional response affecting numerous biological processes. These include multiple stress stimuli such as heat stress response and oxidative stress response, cell death and sulphur secondary defence metabolism. Hence, effects of isothiocyanates on plants previously reported in the literature were found to be regulated at the gene expression level. This opens some avenues for further investigations to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of isothiocyanates on plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3039-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Øverby
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Present address: Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle M Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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42
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Kask K, Kännaste A, Talts E, Copolovici L, Niinemets Ü. How specialized volatiles respond to chronic and short-term physiological and shock heat stress in Brassica nigra. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2027-42. [PMID: 27287526 PMCID: PMC5798583 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brassicales release volatile glucosinolate breakdown products upon tissue mechanical damage, but it is unclear how the release of glucosinolate volatiles responds to abiotic stresses such as heat stress. We used three different heat treatments, simulating different dynamic temperature conditions in the field to gain insight into stress-dependent changes in volatile blends and photosynthetic characteristics in the annual herb Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Heat stress was applied by either heating leaves through temperature response curve measurements from 20 to 40 °C (mild stress), exposing plants for 4 h to temperatures 25-44 °C (long-term stress) or shock-heating leaves to 45-50 °C. Photosynthetic reduction through temperature response curves was associated with decreased stomatal conductance, while the reduction due to long-term stress and collapse of photosynthetic activity after heat shock stress were associated with non-stomatal processes. Mild stress decreased constitutive monoterpene emissions, while long-term stress and shock stress resulted in emissions of the lipoxygenase pathway and glucosinolate volatiles. Glucosinolate volatile release was more strongly elicited by long-term stress and lipoxygenase product released by heat shock. These results demonstrate that glucosinolate volatiles constitute a major part of emission blend in heat-stressed B. nigra plants, especially upon chronic stress that leads to induction responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kask
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Author for correspondence.
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Institute of Technical and Natural Sciences Research-Development of “Aurel Vlaicu” University, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania
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Jahan MS, Nozulaidi M, Khairi M, Mat N. Light-harvesting complexes in photosystem II regulate glutathione-induced sensitivity of Arabidopsis guard cells to abscisic acid. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 195:1-8. [PMID: 26970687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) in photosystem II (PSII) regulate glutathione (GSH) functions in plants. To investigate whether LHCs control GSH biosynthesis that modifies guard cell abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity, we evaluated GSH content, stomatal aperture, reactive oxygen species (ROS), weight loss and plant growth using a ch1-1 mutant that was defective of LHCs and compared this with wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Glutathione monoethyl ester (GSHmee) increased but 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) decreased the GSH content in the guard cells. The guard cells of the ch1-1 mutants accumulated significantly less GSH than the WT plants. The guard cells of the ch1-1 mutants also showed higher sensitivity to ABA than the WT plants. The CDNB treatment increased but the GSHmee treatment decreased the ABA sensitivity of the guard cells without affecting ABA-induced ROS production. Dark and light treatments altered the GSH content and stomatal aperture of the guard cells of ch1-1 and WT plants, irrespective of CDNB and GSHmee. The ch1-1 mutant contained fewer guard cells and displayed poor growth, late flowering and stumpy weight loss compared with the WT plants. This study suggests that defective LHCs reduced the GSH content in the guard cells and increased sensitivity to ABA, resulting in stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sarwar Jahan
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nozulaidi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nashriyah Mat
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Lee BR, Zaman R, Avice JC, Ourry A, Kim TH. Sulfur Use Efficiency Is a Significant Determinant of Drought Stress Tolerance in Relation to Photosynthetic Activity in Brassica napus Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:459. [PMID: 27092167 PMCID: PMC4824789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the varietal difference in sulfur use efficiency (SUE) and drought stress tolerance, Brassica napus 'Mosa' and 'Saturnin' were exposed to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress for 72 h. Direct quantification of S uptake, de novo synthesis of amino acids and proteins was performed by tracing (34)S. The responses of photosynthetic activity in relation to SUE were also examined. The total amount of newly absorbed S decreased with drought stress in both cultivars but the decrease rate was significantly higher in Mosa (-64%) than in Saturnin (-41%). Drought stress also decreased the amount of S assimilated into amino acids ((34)S-amino acids) and proteins ((34)S-proteins). The total amount of S incorporated into amino acids and proteins was generally higher in Saturnin (663.7 μg S per plant) than in Mosa (337.3 μg S per plant). The estimation of SUE based on S uptake (SUpE) and S assimilation (SUaE) showed that SUE was much higher in Saturnin than in Mosa. The inhibition of photosynthetic activity including Rubisco protein degradation caused by drought stress was much lower in the cultivar with higher SUE (Saturnin). The present study clearly indicates that the genotype with higher SUE is more tolerant to PEG-induced drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea; Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Basse-NormandieCaen, France; UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, Université de Caen Basse NormandieCaen, France
| | - Alain Ourry
- Université de Caen Basse-NormandieCaen, France; UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, Université de Caen Basse NormandieCaen, France
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University Gwangju, South Korea
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Sharma M, Mukhopadhyay A, Gupta V, Pental D, Pradhan AK. BjuB.CYP79F1 Regulates Synthesis of Propyl Fraction of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Oilseed Mustard Brassica juncea: Functional Validation through Genetic and Transgenic Approaches. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150060. [PMID: 26919200 PMCID: PMC4769297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different types of methionine-derived aliphatic glucosinolates (GS), sinigrin (2-propenyl), the final product in 3C GS biosynthetic pathway is considered very important as it has many pharmacological and therapeutic properties. In Brassica species, the candidate gene regulating synthesis of 3C GS remains ambiguous. Earlier reports of GSL-PRO, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana gene At1g18500 as a probable candidate gene responsible for 3C GS biosynthesis in B. napus and B. oleracea could not be validated in B. juncea through genetic analysis. In this communication, we report the isolation and characterization of the gene CYP79F1, an ortholog of A. thaliana gene At1g16410 that is involved in the first step of core GS biosynthesis. The gene CYP79F1 in B. juncea showed presence-absence polymorphism between lines Varuna that synthesizes sinigrin and Heera virtually free from sinigrin. Using this presence-absence polymorphism, CYP79F1 was mapped to the previously mapped 3C GS QTL region (J16Gsl4) in the LG B4 of B. juncea. In Heera, the gene was observed to be truncated due to an insertion of a ~4.7 kb TE like element leading to the loss of function of the gene. Functional validation of the gene was carried out through both genetic and transgenic approaches. An F2 population segregating only for the gene CYP79F1 and the sinigrin phenotype showed perfect co-segregation. Finally, genetic transformation of a B. juncea line (QTL-NIL J16Gsl4) having high seed GS but lacking sinigrin with the wild type CYP79F1 showed the synthesis of sinigrin validating the role of CYP79F1 in regulating the synthesis of 3C GS in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Arundhati Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Pental
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Akshay K. Pradhan
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Actin-Dependent Intracellular Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29134-47. [PMID: 26690132 PMCID: PMC4691101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) derives from the biodegradation of the glucosinolate sinigrin and has been associated with growth inhibition in several plants, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms of this feature remain scarcely investigated in plants. In this study, we present evidence of an AITC-induced inhibition of actin-dependent intracellular transport in A. thaliana. A transgenic line of A. thaliana expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged actin filaments was used to show attenuation of actin filament movement by AITC. This appeared gradually in a time- and dose-dependent manner and resulted in actin filaments appearing close to static. Further, we employed four transgenic lines with YFP-fusion proteins labeling the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vacuoles and peroxisomes to demonstrate an AITC-induced inhibition of actin-dependent intracellular transport of or, in these structures, consistent with the decline in actin filament movement. Furthermore, the morphologies of actin filaments, ER and vacuoles appeared aberrant following AITC-exposure. However, AITC-treated seedlings of all transgenic lines tested displayed morphologies and intracellular movements similar to that of the corresponding untreated and control-treated plants, following overnight incubation in an AITC-absent environment, indicating that AITC-induced decline in actin-related movements is a reversible process. These findings provide novel insights into the cellular events in plant cells following exposure to AITC, which may further expose clues to the physiological significance of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system.
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Bhat R, Kaur T, Khajuria M, Vyas R, Vyas D. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Redox-Regulated Isoform of Myrosinase (β-Thioglucoside Glucohydrolase) from Lepidium latifolium L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10218-10226. [PMID: 26527478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinase (ExPASy entry EC 3.2.1.147) is involved in the hydrolysis of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates, nitriles, and thiocyanates that are responsible for various ecological and health benefits. Myrosinase was purified from the leaves of Lepidium latifolium, a high-altitude plant, to homogeneity in a three-step purification process. Purified enzyme exists as dimer in native form (∼160 kDa) with a subunit size of ∼70 kDa. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. With sinigrin as substrate, the enzyme showed Km and Vmax values of 171 ± 23 μM and 0.302 μmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. The enzyme was found to be redox-regulated, with an increase in Vmax and Kcat in the presence of GSH. Reduced forms of the enzyme were found to be more active. This thiol-regulated kinetic behavior of myrosinase signifies enzyme's strategy to fine-tune its activity in different redox environments, thus regulating its biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bhat
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Tarandeep Kaur
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Manu Khajuria
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Ruchika Vyas
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Dhiraj Vyas
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
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Shi L, Gong L, Zhang X, Ren A, Gao T, Zhao M. The regulation of methyl jasmonate on hyphal branching and GA biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum partly via ROS generated by NADPH oxidase. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 81:201-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Witzel K, Hanschen FS, Klopsch R, Ruppel S, Schreiner M, Grosch R. Verticillium longisporum infection induces organ-specific glucosinolate degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:508. [PMID: 26217360 PMCID: PMC4498036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The species Verticillium represents a group of highly destructive fungal pathogens, responsible for vascular wilt in a number of crops. The host response to infection by Verticillium longisporum at the level of secondary plant metabolites has not been well explored. Natural variation in the glucosinolate (GLS) composition of four Arabidopsis thaliana accessions was characterized: the accessions Bur-0 and Hi-0 accumulated alkenyl GLS, while 3-hydroxypropyl GLS predominated in Kn-0 and Ler-0. With respect to GLS degradation products, Hi-0 and Kn-0 generated mainly isothiocyanates, whereas Bur-0 released epithionitriles and Ler-0 nitriles. An analysis of the effect on the composition of both GLS and its breakdown products in the leaf and root following the plants' exposure to V. longisporum revealed a number of organ- and accession-specific alterations. In the less disease susceptible accessions Bur-0 and Ler-0, colonization depressed the accumulation of GLS in the rosette leaves but accentuated it in the roots. In contrast, in the root, the level of GLS breakdown products in three of the four accessions fell, suggestive of their conjugation or binding to a fungal target molecule(s). The plant-pathogen interaction influenced both the organ- and accession-specific formation of GLS degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Witzel
- *Correspondence: Katja Witzel, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany,
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Sobahan MA, Akter N, Okuma E, Uraji M, Ye W, Mori IC, Nakamura Y, Murata Y. Allyl isothiocyanate induces stomatal closure in Vicia faba. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1737-42. [PMID: 26027691 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1045827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are enzymatically produced from glucosinolates in plants, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induces stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we investigated stomatal responses to AITC in Vicia faba. AITC-induced stomatal closure accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO production, cytosolic alkalization and glutathione (GSH) depletion in V. faba. GSH monoethyl ester induced stomatal reopening and suppressed AITC-induced GSH depletion in guard cells. Exogenous catalase and a peroxidase inhibitor, salicylhydroxamic acid, inhibited AITC-induced stomatal closure, unlike an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium chloride. The peroxidase inhibitor also abolished the AITC-induced ROS production, NO production, and cytosolic alkalization. AITC-induced stomatal closure was suppressed by an NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, and an agent to acidify cytosol, butyrate. These results indicate that AITC-induced stomatal closure in V. faba as well as in A. thaliana and suggest that AITC signaling in guard cells is conserved in both plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdus Sobahan
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
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