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Bleuzé M, Lavoie JP, Bédard C, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Encapsulated Streptococcus suis impairs optimal neutrophil functions which are not rescued by priming with colony-stimulating factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296844. [PMID: 38261585 PMCID: PMC10805302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis induces an exacerbated inflammation in the infected hosts that leads to sepsis, meningitis, and sudden death. Several virulence factors were described for S. suis of which the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conceals it from the immune system, and the suilysin exhibits cytotoxic activity. Although neutrophils are recruited rapidly upon S. suis infection, their microbicidal functions appear to be poorly activated against the bacteria. However, during disease, the inflammatory environment could promote neutrophil activation as mediators such as the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor granulocyte (G-CSF) and the granulocyte-macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime neutrophils and enhance their responsiveness to bacterial detection. Thus, we hypothesized that CPS and suilysin prevent an efficient activation of neutrophils by S. suis, but that G-CSF and GM-CSF rescue neutrophil activation, leading to S. suis elimination. We evaluated the functions of porcine neutrophils in vitro in response to S. suis and investigated the role of the CPS and suilysin on cell activation using isogenic mutants of the bacteria. We also studied the influence of G-CSF and GM-CSF on neutrophil response to S. suis by priming the cells with recombinant proteins. Our study confirmed that CPS prevents S. suis-induced activation of most neutrophil functions but participates in the release of neutrophil-extracellular traps (NETs). Priming with G-CSF did not influence cell activation, but GM-CSF strongly promote IL-8 release, indicating its involvement in immunomodulation. However, priming did not enhance microbicidal functions. Studying the interaction between S. suis and neutrophils-first responders in host defense-remains fundamental to understand the immunopathogenesis of the infection and to develop therapeutical strategies related to neutrophils' defense against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marêva Bleuzé
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Bédard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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de Figueiredo AMB, Moraes D, Bailão AM, Rocha OB, Silva LOS, Ribeiro-Dias F, Soares CMDA. Proteomic analysis reveals changes in the proteome of human THP-1 macrophages infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1275954. [PMID: 38045758 PMCID: PMC10693345 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1275954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp. is the etiologic agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic disease with wide distribution in Latin America. Macrophages are very important cells during the response to infection by P. brasiliensis. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis to evaluate the consequences of P. brasiliensis yeast cells on the human THP-1 macrophage proteome. We have identified 443 and 2247 upregulated or downregulated proteins, respectively, in macrophages co-cultured with yeast cells of P. brasiliensis in comparison to control macrophages unexposed to the fungus. Proteomic analysis revealed that interaction with P. brasiliensis caused metabolic changes in macrophages that drastically affected energy production pathways. In addition, these macrophages presented regulated many factors related to epigenetic modifications and gene transcription as well as a decrease of many proteins associated to the immune system activity. This is the first human macrophage proteome derived from interactions with P. brasiliensis, which contributes to elucidating the changes that occur during the host response to this fungus. Furthermore, it highlights proteins that may be targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marina Barroso de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Dayane Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Olivia Basso Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lana Ohara Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Kasmaei A, Salimi A, Helan JA, Asl SAS, Katiraee F. Molecular study of feline dermatophytosis and Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 gene expression in their lesions. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1036-1042. [PMID: 36913145 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as the recognition of pathogenic fungal structures induce the secretion of cytokines by immune systems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 are the main PRRs that recognize fungal components. AIM The present study aimed to assess the presence of dermatophyte species in symptomatic cats in a region of Iran and to investigate the expression of TLR-2 and 4 in cat lesions with dermatophytosis. METHODS A total of 105 cats suspected of dermatophytosis with skin lesions were examined. Samples were analysed by direct microscopy using potassium hydroxide (20%) and culture on Mycobiotic agar. Dermatophytes strains were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and then sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer rDNA region. Also, for pathology and real-time PCR studies, skin biopsies were taken by sterile single-use biopsy punch from active ringworm lesions. RESULTS Dermatophytes were found in 41 felines. Based on the sequencing of all strains, Microsporum canis (80.48%, p < 0.05), Microsporum gypseum (17.07%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (2.43%) were the dermatophytes isolated from cultures. Cats under 1 year (78.04%) revealed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of infection (p < 0.05). Gene expression by real-time PCR revealed the increased TLR-2 and 4 mRNA levels in skin biopsies of cats with dermatophytosis. CONCLUSIONS M. canis is the most prevalent dermatophyte species isolated from feline dermatophytosis lesions. Increased expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNAs in cat skin biopsies suggests that these receptors are involved in the immune response by recognizing dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Kasmaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ashrafi Helan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Katiraee
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Hahn RC, Hagen F, Mendes RP, Burger E, Nery AF, Siqueira NP, Guevara A, Rodrigues AM, de Camargo ZP. Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Status and Future Trends. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0023321. [PMID: 36074014 PMCID: PMC9769695 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00233-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), initially reported in 1908 in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, by Adolpho Lutz, is primarily a systemic and neglected tropical mycosis that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around Latin America, especially Brazil. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis sensu stricto, a classical thermodimorphic fungus associated with PCM, was long considered to represent a monotypic taxon. However, advances in molecular taxonomy revealed several cryptic species, including Paracoccidioides americana, P. restrepiensis, P. venezuelensis, and P. lutzii, that show a preference for skin and mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and respiratory organs but can also affect many other organs. The classical diagnosis of PCM benefits from direct microscopy culture-based, biochemical, and immunological assays in a general microbiology laboratory practice providing a generic identification of the agents. However, molecular assays should be employed to identify Paracoccidioides isolates to the species level, data that would be complemented by epidemiological investigations. From a clinical perspective, all probable and confirmed cases should be treated. The choice of treatment and its duration must be considered, along with the affected organs, process severity, history of previous treatment failure, possibility of administering oral medication, associated diseases, pregnancy, and patient compliance with the proposed treatment regimen. Nevertheless, even after appropriate treatment, there may be relapses, which generally occur 5 years after the apparent cure following treatment, and also, the mycosis may be confused with other diseases. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the immunopathology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical aspects, and current treatment of PCM, highlighting current issues in the identification, treatment, and patient follow-up in light of recent Paracoccidioides species taxonomic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Christine Hahn
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Júlio Muller Hospital, EBSERH, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinaldo Poncio Mendes
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eva Burger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenasgrid.411180.d (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andreia Ferreira Nery
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Júlio Muller Hospital, EBSERH, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nathan Pereira Siqueira
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Armando Guevara
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva MJA, Santana DS, de Oliveira LG, Monteiro EOL, Lima LNGC. The relationship between 896A/G (rs4986790) polymorphism of TLR4 and infectious diseases: A meta-analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1045725. [PMID: 36506333 PMCID: PMC9729345 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1045725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), such as the TLR4, are genes encoding transmembrane receptors of the same name, which induce a pro- or anti-inflammatory response according to their expression as the host's first line of defense against pathogens, such as infectious ones. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of mutation in the human genome and can generate functional modification in genes. The aim of this article is to review in which infectious diseases there is an association of susceptibility or protection by the TLR4 SNP rs4986790. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted in the Science Direct, PUBMED, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases between 2011 and 2021 based on the dominant genotypic model of this SNP for general and subgroup analysis of infectious agent type in random effect. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for genotypic comparison. I2 statistics were calculated to assess the presence of heterogeneity between studies and funnel plots were inspected for indication of publication bias. A total of 27 articles were included, all in English. Among the results achieved, the categories of diseases that were most associated with the SNP studied were in decreasing order of number of articles: infections by bacteria (29.63%); caused by viruses (22.23%); urinary tract infection-UTI (7.4%), while 11 studies (40.74%) demonstrated a nonsignificant association. In this meta-analysis, a total of 5599 cases and 5871 controls were finalized. The present meta-analysis suggests that there is no significant association between TLR4-rs4986790 SNP and infections (OR = 1,11; 95% CI: 0,75-1,66; p = 0,59), but in the virus subgroup it was associated with a higher risk (OR = 2,16; 95% CI: 1,09-4,30; p = 0,03). The subgroups of bacteria and parasites did not show statistical significance (OR = 0,86; 95% CI: 0,56-1,30; p = 0,47, and no estimate of effects, respectively). Therefore, it has been shown that a diversity of infectious diseases is related to this polymorphism, either by susceptibility or even severity to them, and the receptor generated is also crucial for the generation of cell signaling pathways and immune response against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davi Silva Santana
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
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Investigation on the Inhibitory Effect of Methotrexate on Rheumatoid Synovitis via the TLR4-NF- κB Pathway in a Rat Model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:3495966. [PMID: 36277597 PMCID: PMC9568366 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3495966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a rheumatoid immune system disease characterized by joint inflammation, resulting in synovial hyperplasia, articular cartilage damage or distortion, and extra-articular involvement. The morbidity is higher and the treatments are not effective in clinical, and also no unified to the pathogenesis of such diseases. The aim of this paper is to establish a rat model of rheumatoid synovitis and observe the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on this disease. A total of 100 SD rats are selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 20 rats in each group. The cold and damp factors of rheumatoid arthritis are induced by cold water and the arthritis score is used to verify the model. ELISA is used to measure the protein expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and inflammation-related factors, and SPSS25.0 is used for statistical analysis. The results show that there is no significant difference in inflammatory scores among the four groups except the control group. However, after 3 months of intervention, the inflammatory scores in the methotrexate groups are significantly lower than those in the model group, and in the methotrexate group, the higher the dose, the lower the inflammatory scores. The experimental results show that the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB from high to low are in the order of model group > low dose > middle dose > high dose > control group, and the expression trend of inflammation-related factors is the same as mentioned above. These results indicate that methotrexate can repair rheumatoid synovitis by inhibiting the inflammatory signaling pathway TLR4-NF-κB.
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Engelmann C, Herber A, Franke A, Bruns T, Reuken P, Schiefke I, Zipprich A, Zeuzem S, Goeser T, Canbay A, Berg C, Trebicka J, Uschner FE, Chang J, Mueller T, Aehling N, Schmelzle M, Splith K, Lammert F, Lange CM, Sarrazin C, Trautwein C, Manns M, Häussinger D, Pfeiffenberger J, Galle PR, Schmiedeknecht A, Berg T. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to treat acute-on-chronic liver failure: A multicenter randomized trial (GRAFT study). J Hepatol 2021; 75:1346-1354. [PMID: 34364917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Based on positive results from small single center studies, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is being widely used for the treatment of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of G-CSF in patients with ACLF. METHODS In this multicenter, prospective, controlled, open-label phase II study, 176 patients with ACLF (EASL-CLIF criteria) were randomized to receive G-CSF (5 μg/kg daily for the first 5 days and every third day thereafter until day 26) plus standard medical therapy (SMT) (n = 88) or SMT alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was 90-day transplant-free survival analyzed by Cox regression modeling. The key secondary endpoints were overall and transplant-free survival after 360 days, the development of ACLF-related complications, and the course of liver function scores during the entire observation period. RESULTS Patients treated with G-CSF had a 90-day transplant-free survival rate of 34.1% compared to 37.5% in the SMT group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05; 95% CI 0.711-1.551; p = 0.805). Transplant-free and overall survival at 360 days did not differ between the 2 arms (HR 0.998; 95% CI 0.697-1.430; p = 0.992 and HR 1.058; 95% CI 0.727-1.548; p = 0.768, respectively). G-CSF did not improve liver function scores, the occurrence of infections, or survival in subgroups of patients without infections, with alcohol-related ACLF, or with ACLF defined by the APASL criteria. Sixty-one serious adverse events were reported in the G-CSF+SMT group and 57 were reported in the SMT group. In total, 7 drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in the G-CSF group. The study was prematurely terminated due to futility after conditional power calculation. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous findings, G-CSF had no significant beneficial effect on patients with ACLF in this multicenter controlled trial, which suggests that it should not be used as a standard treatment for ACLF. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV NUMBER NCT02669680 LAY SUMMARY: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was considered as a novel treatment for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). We performed the first randomized, multicenter, controlled phase II trial, which showed that G-CSF did not improve survival or other clinical endpoints in patients with ACLF. Therefore, G-CSF should not be used to treat liver disease outside clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Engelmann
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam Herber
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Franke
- Clinical Trial Centre (ZKS) Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Medicine III, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Reuken
- Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingolf Schiefke
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- University Hospital for Internal Medicine 1, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Medical Department, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank E Uschner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Mueller
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Aehling
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Splith
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Sarrazin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Medical Clinic 2, St. Josefs Hospital Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Michael Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic and Policlinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anett Schmiedeknecht
- Clinical Trial Centre (ZKS) Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Kaiser R, Leunig A, Pekayvaz K, Popp O, Joppich M, Polewka V, Escaig R, Anjum A, Hoffknecht ML, Gold C, Brambs S, Engel A, Stockhausen S, Knottenberg V, Titova A, Haji M, Scherer C, Muenchhoff M, Hellmuth JC, Saar K, Schubert B, Hilgendorff A, Schulz C, Kääb S, Zimmer R, Hübner N, Massberg S, Mertins P, Nicolai L, Stark K. Self-sustaining IL-8 loops drive a prothrombotic neutrophil phenotype in severe COVID-19. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150862. [PMID: 34403366 PMCID: PMC8492337 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils provide a critical line of defense in immune responses to various pathogens, inflicting self-damage upon transition to a hyperactivated, procoagulant state. Recent work has highlighted proinflammatory neutrophil phenotypes contributing to lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we use state-of-the art mass spectrometry-based proteomics and transcriptomic and correlative analyses as well as functional in vitro and in vivo studies to dissect how neutrophils contribute to the progression to severe COVID-19. We identify a reinforcing loop of both systemic and neutrophil intrinsic IL-8 (CXCL8/IL-8) dysregulation, which initiates and perpetuates neutrophil-driven immunopathology. This positive feedback loop of systemic and neutrophil autocrine IL-8 production leads to an activated, prothrombotic neutrophil phenotype characterized by degranulation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In severe COVID-19, neutrophils directly initiate the coagulation and complement cascade, highlighting a link to the immunothrombotic state observed in these patients. Targeting the IL-8-CXCR-1/-2 axis interferes with this vicious cycle and attenuates neutrophil activation, degranulation, NETosis, and IL-8 release. Finally, we show that blocking IL-8-like signaling reduces severe acute respiratory distress syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-induced, human ACE2-dependent pulmonary microthrombosis in mice. In summary, our data provide comprehensive insights into the activation mechanisms of neutrophils in COVID-19 and uncover a self-sustaining neutrophil-IL-8 axis as a promising therapeutic target in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kaiser
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Leunig
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Joppich
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivien Polewka
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Escaig
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Afra Anjum
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Hoffknecht
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Gold
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Brambs
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Anouk Engel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Stockhausen
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktoria Knottenberg
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Titova
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed Haji
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and GeneCenter, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Hellmuth
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schubert
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (German Research Center for Environmental Health), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- The COMBAT C19IR study group is detailed in the Acknowledgments
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- The COMBAT C19IR study group is detailed in the Acknowledgments
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
- Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care at the interdisciplinary Social Pediatric Center, Haunersches Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Engelmann C, Martino VD, Kerbert AJC, Weil-Verhoeven D, Aehling NF, Herber A, Thévenot T, Berg T. The Current Status of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor to Treat Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:298-307. [PMID: 33992029 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have a devastating prognosis and therapeutic options are limited. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes immune and stem cells and possess immune-modulatory and proregenerative capacities. In this review, we aim to define the current evidence for the treatment with G-CSF in end-stage liver disease. Several smaller clinical trials in patients with different severity grades of end-stage liver disease have shown that G-CSF improves survival and reduces the rate of complications. Adequately powered multicenter European trials could not confirm these beneficial effects. In mouse models of ACLF, G-CSF increased the toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory response which led to an increase in mortality. Adding a TLR4 signaling inhibitor allowed G-CSF to unfold its proregenerative properties in these ACLF models. These data suggest that G-CSF requires a noninflammatory environment to exert its protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Engelmann
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medical, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Di Martino
- Service d'Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Annarein J C Kerbert
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Weil-Verhoeven
- Service d'Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Niklas Friedemann Aehling
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam Herber
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thierry Thévenot
- Service d'Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Zhang K, Jiang N, Sang X, Feng Y, Chen R, Chen Q. Trypanosoma brucei Lipophosphoglycan Induces the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Reactive Oxygen Species Burst via Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713531. [PMID: 34394064 PMCID: PMC8355521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei brucei is the causative agent of African animal trypanosomosis, which mainly parasitizes the blood of the host. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), a polymer anchored to the surface of the parasites, activates the host immune response. In this study, we revealed that T. brucei LPG stimulated neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release the reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further analyzed the involvement of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and explored the activation of signaling pathway enzymes in response to LPG stimulation. During the stimulation of neutrophils by LPG, the blockade using anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibodies reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the release of DNA from the NETs, and the burst of ROS. Moreover, the addition of JNK inhibitor and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor exhibited similar effects. Our data suggest that T. brucei LPG activates the phosphorylation of JNK through TLR2 and TLR4 recognition, which causes the formation of NETs and the burst of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
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11
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Guimarães de Matos G, Barroso de Figueiredo AM, Diniz Gonçalves PH, Luiz de Lima Silva L, Bastista AC, Borges CL, Maria de Almeida Soares C, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F. Paracoccidioidesbrasiliensis induces IL-32 and is controlled by IL-15/IL-32/vitamin D pathway in vitro. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104864. [PMID: 33771629 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal disease caused by Paracoccidioides spp., whose clinical outcome depends on immune response. Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a cytokine present in inflammatory and infectious diseases, including bacterial, virus and protozoan infections. Its role in fungal disease remains unclear. The axis IL-15, IL-32 and vitamin D leads to microbicidal capacity against intracellular pathogens. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the production of IL-32 during Paracoccidioides spp. infection and whether this cytokine and IL-15 can increase P. brasiliensis control in a vitamin D dependent manner. IL-32 was highly detected in oral lesions from patients with PCM. In addition, high production of this cytokine was intracellularly detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors after exposure to particulated P. brasiliensis antigens (PbAg). The IL-32γ isoform was predominantly expressed, but there was mRNA alternative splicing for IL-32α isoform. The induction of IL-32 was dependent on Dectin-1 receptor. Infection of PBMCs with P. brasiliensis yeasts did not significantly induce IL-32 production even after activation with exogenous IFN-γ or IL-15 treatments. Although IL-15 was a potent inducer of IL-32 production, treatment with this cytokine did not increase the fungal control unless vitamin D was present in high levels. In this case, both IL-15 and IL-32 increased fungicidal activity of PBMCs. Together, data showed that IL-32 is present in lesions of PCM, PbAg induces IL-32, and the axis of IL-15/IL-32/vitamin D can contribute to control fungal infection. The data suggest that exposure to molecules from P. brasiliensis, as β-glucans, is needed to induce IL-32 production since only heat-killed and sonicated P. brasiliensis yeasts were able to increase IL-32, which was blocked by anti-Dectin-1 antibodies. This is the first description about IL-15/IL-32/vitamin D pathway role in P. brasiliensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazzielle Guimarães de Matos
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Marina Barroso de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pedro Hugo Diniz Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lucas Luiz de Lima Silva
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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12
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Burger E. Paracoccidioidomycosis Protective Immunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020137. [PMID: 33668671 PMCID: PMC7918802 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity against Paracoccidioides consists of a stepwise activation of numerous effector mechanisms that comprise many cellular and soluble components. At the initial phase of non-specific innate immunity, resistance against Paracoccidioides comes from phagocytic polymorphonuclear neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes, supplemented by soluble factors such as cytokines and complement system components. Invariant receptors (Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Dectins) which are present in cells of the immune system, detect patterns present in Paracoccidioides (but not in the host) informing the hosts cells that there is an infection in progress, and that the acquired immunity must be activated. The role of components involved in the innate immunity of paracoccidioidomycosis is herein presented. Humoral immunity, represented by specific antibodies which control the fungi in the blood and body fluids, and its role in paracoccidioidomycosis (which was previously considered controversial) is also discussed. The protective mechanisms (involving various components) of cellular immunity are also discussed, covering topics such as: lysis by activated macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the participation of lytic products, and the role of cytokines secreted by T helper lymphocytes in increasing the efficiency of Paracoccidioides, lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Burger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
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13
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Puerta-Arias JD, Mejía SP, González Á. The Role of the Interleukin-17 Axis and Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Endemic and Systemic Mycoses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:595301. [PMID: 33425780 PMCID: PMC7793882 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.595301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic and endemic mycoses are considered life-threatening respiratory diseases which are caused by a group of dimorphic fungal pathogens belonging to the genera Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, Talaromyces, and the newly described pathogen Emergomyces. T-cell mediated immunity, mainly T helper (Th)1 and Th17 responses, are essential for protection against these dimorphic fungi; thus, IL-17 production is associated with neutrophil and macrophage recruitment at the site of infection accompanied by chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines production, a mechanism that is mediated by some pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Dectin-1, Dectine-2, TLRs, Mannose receptor (MR), Galectin-3 and NLPR3, and the adaptor molecules caspase adaptor recruitment domain family member 9 (Card9), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). However, these PRRs play distinctly different roles for each pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils have been confirmed as a source of IL-17, and different neutrophil subsets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have also been described as participating in the inflammatory process in these fungal infections. However, both the Th17/IL-17 axis and neutrophils appear to play different roles, being beneficial mediating fungal controls or detrimental promoting disease pathologies depending on the fungal agent. This review will focus on highlighting the role of the IL-17 axis and neutrophils in the main endemic and systemic mycoses: histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Puerta-Arias
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Susana P Mejía
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ángel González
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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14
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de-Souza-Silva CM, Hurtado FA, Tavares AH, de Oliveira GP, Raiol T, Nishibe C, Agustinho DP, Almeida NF, Walter MEMT, Nicola AM, Bocca AL, Albuquerque P, Silva-Pereira I. Transcriptional Remodeling Patterns in Murine Dendritic Cells Infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: More Is Not Necessarily Better. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040311. [PMID: 33255176 PMCID: PMC7712260 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most people infected with the fungus Paracoccidioides spp. do not get sick, but approximately 5% develop paracoccidioidomycosis. Understanding how host immunity determinants influence disease development could lead to novel preventative or therapeutic strategies; hence, we used two mouse strains that are resistant (A/J) or susceptible (B10.A) to P. brasiliensis to study how dendritic cells (DCs) respond to the infection. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the susceptible strain DCs remodeled their transcriptomes much more intensely than those from the resistant strain, agreeing with a previous model of more intense innate immunity response in the susceptible strain. Contrastingly, these cells also repress genes/processes involved in antigen processing and presentation, such as lysosomal activity and autophagy. After the interaction with P. brasiliensis, both DCs and macrophages from the susceptible mouse reduced the autophagy marker LC3-II recruitment to the fungal phagosome compared to the resistant strain cells, confirming this pathway’s repression. These results suggest that impairment in antigen processing and presentation processes might be partially responsible for the inefficient activation of the adaptive immune response in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calliandra M. de-Souza-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.M.d.-S.-S.); (F.A.H.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Fabián Andrés Hurtado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.M.d.-S.-S.); (F.A.H.); (I.S.-P.)
- Molecular Pathology Post-Graduation Program, University of Brasília Medical School, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Getúlio P. de Oliveira
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Taina Raiol
- Fiocruz Brasília, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brasília, DF 70904-130, Brazil;
| | - Christiane Nishibe
- Faculty of Computing, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil; (C.N.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Daniel Paiva Agustinho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA;
| | - Nalvo Franco Almeida
- Faculty of Computing, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil; (C.N.); (N.F.A.)
| | | | - André Moraes Nicola
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.M.d.-S.-S.); (F.A.H.); (I.S.-P.)
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-61-985830129
| | - Ildinete Silva-Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.M.d.-S.-S.); (F.A.H.); (I.S.-P.)
- Molecular Pathology Post-Graduation Program, University of Brasília Medical School, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
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15
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Breda LCD, Breda CNDS, de Almeida JRF, Paulo LNM, Jannuzzi GP, Menezes IDG, Albuquerque RC, Câmara NOS, Ferreira KS, de Almeida SR. Fonsecaeapedrosoi Conidia and Hyphae Activate Neutrophils Distinctly: Requirement of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in Neutrophil Effector Functions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:540064. [PMID: 33193308 PMCID: PMC7609859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.540064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic and progressive subcutaneous mycosis caused mainly by the fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The infection is characterized by erythematous papules and histological sections demonstrating an external layer of fibrous tissue and an internal layer of thick granulomatous inflammatory tissue containing mainly macrophages and neutrophils. Several groups are studying the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in F. pedrosoi infection; however, few studies have focused on the role of neutrophils in this infection. In the current study, we verify the importance of murine neutrophils in the killing of F. pedrosoi conidia and hyphae. We demonstrate that phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species during infection with conidia are TLR-2- and TLR-4-dependent and are essential for conidial killing. Meanwhile, hyphal killing occurs by NET formation in a TLR-2-, TLR-4-, and ROS-independent manner. In vivo experiments show that TLR-2 and TLR-4 are also important in chromoblastomycosis infection. TLR-2KO and TLR-4KO animals had lower levels of CCL3 and CXCL1 chemokines and impaired neutrophil migration to the infected site. These animals also had higher fungal loads during infection with F. pedrosoi conidia, confirming that TLR-2 and TLR-4 are essential receptors for F. pedrosoi recognition and immune system activation. Therefore, this study demonstrates for the first time that neutrophil activation during F. pedrosoi is conidial or hyphal-specific with TLR-2 and TLR-4 being essential during conidial infection but unnecessary for hyphal killing by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Carvalho Dantas Breda
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Fogaça de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Neves Monteiro Paulo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grasielle Pereira Jannuzzi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Godoy Menezes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Chaves Albuquerque
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Spadari Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Sandro Rogério de Almeida
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Unraveling the susceptibility of paracoccidioidomycosis: Insights towards the pathogen-immune interplay and immunogenetics. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 86:104586. [PMID: 33039601 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides spp. This disease comprises three clinical forms: symptomatic acute and chronic forms (PCM disease) and PCM infection, a latent form without clinical symptoms. PCM disease differs markedly according to severity, clinical manifestations, and host immune response. Fungal virulence factors and adhesion molecules are determinants for entry, latency, immune escape and invasion, and dissemination in the host. Neutrophils and macrophages play a paramount role in first-line defense against the fungus through the recognition of antigens by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating their microbicidal machinery. Furthermore, the clinical outcome of the PCM is strongly associated with the variability of cytokines and immunoglobulins produced by T and B cells. While the mechanisms that mediate susceptibility or resistance to infection are dictated by the immune system, some genetic factors may alter gene expression and its final products and, hence, modulate how the organism responds to infection and injury. This review outlines the main findings relative to this topic, addressing the complexity of the immune response triggered by Paracoccidioides spp. infection from preclinical investigations to studies in humans. Here, we focus on mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis, the patterns of innate and adaptive immunity, and the genetic and molecular basis related to immune response and susceptibility to the development of the PCM and its clinical forms. Immunogenetic features such as HLA system, cytokines/cytokines receptors genes and other immune-related genes, and miRNAs are likewise discussed. Finally, we point out the occurrence of PCM in patients with primary immunodeficiencies and call attention to the research gaps and challenges faced by the PCM field.
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43 kDa Glycoprotein (gp43) from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Induced IL-17A and PGE2 Production by Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils: Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1790908. [PMID: 31886295 PMCID: PMC6899308 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1790908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein gp43 is the major antigenic/diagnostic component of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, one of the etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Gp43 has protective roles in mice, but due to adhesive properties, this glycoprotein has also been associated with immune evasion mechanisms. The present study evaluated gp43 interaction in vitro with Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) present in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from healthy human individuals and the consequent modulation of the immune response through the expression and release of cytokines and eicosanoids. PMNs were incubated in the absence or presence of monoclonal antibodies anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 (individually or in combination) before gp43 stimulation. Then, PMNs were analyzed for the expression of both surface receptors and the detection of intracytoplasmic IL-17A and IL-4 using flow cytometry, while the production of PGE2, LTB4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was evaluated in the supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that gp43 increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression by PMNs and induced PGE2 and IL-17A via TLR4 and TLR2, respectively. Thus, our data suggest that gp43 from P. brasiliensis might modulate host susceptibility to the fungal infection by affecting PGE2 and IL-17A production.
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Ruas LP, Genaro LM, Justo-Junior AS, Coser LO, de Castro LF, Trabasso P, Mamoni RL, Roque-Barreira MC, Blotta MHSL. Effect of ArtinM on Human Blood Cells During Infection With Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:867. [PMID: 29780375 PMCID: PMC5945982 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by fungi are prominent in our environment and can be potentially fatal. paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus, is the most frequent systemic mycosis in Brazil and the main cause of death among immunocompetent individuals. The antifungal therapy for PCM is usually effective but side effects and relapses are often reported. The latter could be avoided with alternative or complementary therapies aimed at boosting the immune response to combat this pathogen. Recent reports have pointed at the importance of an effective cellular immune response, with the participation of Th1 cells, in the resistance to and control of Paracoccidioides infection. The ArtinM lectin, extracted from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds, exhibits immunomodulatory activity against several intracellular pathogens, including Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, by promoting the development of a Th1 immune response. The aim of this work was to characterize the effect of ArtinM on peripheral blood cells of patients with PCM and on those of control individuals infected with fungal yeasts cells in vitro. Our results demonstrate that ArtinM activates human neutrophils in vitro, leading to an increase in cytokine production and CD54 expression. ArtinM activated P. brasiliensis-infected neutrophils from both healthy individuals and patients with PCM. This activation was not dependent on the dectin-1 receptor, because pre-incubation with laminarin, a dectin-1 receptor blocker, did not reverse the activated state of the cells. ArtinM also stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete pro-inflammatory Th1-related cytokines, which are protective against Paracoccidioides infection. These data support the immunostimulatory action of ArtinM and encourage new studies using the lectin for the immunotherapy of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Ruas
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Livia M Genaro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amauri S Justo-Junior
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lilian O Coser
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lívia F de Castro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Plinio Trabasso
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ronei L Mamoni
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria-Heloisa S L Blotta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Martinez N, Ketheesan N, Martens GW, West K, Lien E, Kornfeld H. Defects in early cell recruitment contribute to the increased susceptibility to respiratory Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in diabetic mice. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:649-655. [PMID: 27256462 PMCID: PMC10687709 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae and poor prognosis with infection. We demonstrate accelerated mortality in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes following tracheal instillation of K. pneumoniae. Diabetic mice recruited fewer granulocytes to the alveolar airspace and had reduced early production of CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-1β and TNF-α following tracheal instillation of K. pneumoniae-lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, TLR2 and TIRAP expression following K. pneumoniae-lipopolysaccharide exposure was decreased in hyperglycemic mice. These findings indicate that impaired innate sensing and failure to rapidly recruit granulocytes to the site of infection is a mechanism for diabetic susceptibility to respiratory K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Gregory W Martens
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kim West
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Egil Lien
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; CEMIR, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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20
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Epigenetic regulation of neutrophil development and function. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:83-93. [PMID: 27084194 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to performing well-defined effector functions, neutrophils are now recognized as versatile and sophisticated cells with critical immunoregulatory roles. These include the release of a variety of proinflammatory or immunosuppressive cytokines, as well as the expression of genes with regulatory functions. Neutrophils share broad transcriptional features with monocytes, in keeping with the close developmental relation between the two cell types. However, neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns conferring cell type-specific responses to bacterial, viral or fungal components have been identified. Accumulating evidence suggest that these differences reflect the peculiar epigenomic and regulatory landscapes of neutrophils and monocytes, in turn controlled by the specific lineage-determining transcription factors shaping their identity. In this review, we will describe current knowledge on how neutrophil identity and function are controlled at the molecular level, focusing on transcriptional and chromatin regulation of neutrophil development and activation in response to inflammatory stimuli.
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Cambier LC, Heinen MPAL, Bagut ET, Antoine NA, Mignon BR. Overexpression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNA in feline polymorphonuclear neutrophils exposed to Microsporum canis. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:78-81e22. [PMID: 26914839 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), along with macrophages, are the first leukocytes recruited to the site of infection in dermatophytoses and are responsible for the in fine elimination of the fungus. It has been demonstrated that feline PMNs produce pro-inflammatory cytokines after stimulation with Microsporum canis. The activation of these cells results from the recognition of specific PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) from M. canis by PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) of PMNs. The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the two main PRRs in phagocytic cells that recognize fungal components. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and dectin-1 mRNA in feline PMNs exposed to different components from M. canis. METHODS Feline PMNs were stimulated for 2 h or 4 h with either live arthroconidia, heat-killed arthroconidia or secreted components from M. canis. The levels of TLR-2, TLR-4 and dectin-1 mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Results showed an increase of TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNA levels in feline PMNs stimulated with live and heat-killed arthroconidia, but not in those stimulated with the secreted components from M. canis. No significant variation in dectin-1 mRNA expression was observed in PMNs stimulated with the different fungal components. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The overexpression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNAs in stimulated feline PMNs suggests that these receptors are involved in the host immune response through the recognition of M. canis PAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine C Cambier
- Veterinary Mycology, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20 B-43a, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre A-L Heinen
- Veterinary Mycology, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20 B-43a, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Elena T Bagut
- Veterinary Mycology, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20 B-43a, Liège, 4000, Belgium.,Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Nadine A Antoine
- Animal Histology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20 B-43a, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Bernard R Mignon
- Veterinary Mycology, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20 B-43a, Liège, 4000, Belgium
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Siqueira IM, Fraga CLF, Amaral AC, Souza ACO, Jerônimo MS, Correa JR, Magalhães KG, Inácio CA, Ribeiro AM, Burguel PH, Felipe MS, Tavares AH, Bocca AL. Distinct patterns of yeast cell morphology and host responses induced by representative strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01). Med Mycol 2015; 54:177-88. [PMID: 26384386 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis, widespread in Latin America. PCM is a granulomatous disease characterized by a polymorphism of lesions depending on the pathogen's virulence, the immune status of the host and its genetic susceptibility. The thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was considered the only etiologic agent of PCM, yet recent works have shown significant genetic diversity among different strains of P. brasiliensis. Therefore, it has been proposed for a new species within the Paracoccidioides genus, named Paracoccidioides lutzii. To better understand the fungus-host interactions elicited by strains Pb01 and Pb18 as key representatives of P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis, respectively, we carried out studies to investigate differences in morphology, induced immune response, virulence and pathology between these two Paracoccidioides species. Our results demonstrate distinct patterns of host-parasite interaction and pathology caused by Pb18 and Pb01. These results open up new fronts for NEW: clinical studies, which may result in significant consequences for the diagnosis and treatment of PCM. Considering that our results cannot be extended to all strains of both species, more studies about the virulence among Paracoccioides must be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaque Medeiros Siqueira
- Molecular Pathology Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, D.F., Brazil
| | | | - André Correa Amaral
- Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás
| | - Ana Camila Oliveira Souza
- Molecular Pathology Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, D.F., Brazil
| | - Márcio Souza Jerônimo
- Molecular Pathology Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, D.F., Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Antônio Inácio
- Biology Institute, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Pedro Henrique Burguel
- Molecular Pathology Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, D.F., Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli Felipe
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, D.F., Brazil Genomic Science and Biotechnology Post-Graduate Program, Catholic University of Brasília, D.F., Brazil
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Participation of dectin-1 receptor on NETs release against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Role on extracellular killing. Immunobiology 2015; 221:228-35. [PMID: 26416210 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus from the Paracoccidioides genus, which is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a chronic, subacute or acute mycosis, with visceral and cutaneous involvement. This disease that is acquired through inhalation primarily attacks the lungs but, can spread to other organs. Phagocytic cells as neutrophils play an important role during innate immune response against this fungus, but studies on antifungal activities of these cells are scarce. In addition to their ability to eliminate pathogens by phagocytosis and antimicrobial secretions, neutrophils can trap and kill microorganisms by release of extracellular structures composed by DNA and antimicrobial proteins, called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we provide evidence that P. brasiliensis virulent strain (P. brasiliensis 18) induces NETs release. These structures were well evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, and specific NETs compounds such as histone, elastase and DNA were shown by confocal microscopy. In addition, we have shown that dectin-1 receptor is the main PRR to which fungus binds to induce NETS release. Fungi were ensnared by NETs, denoting the role of these structures in confining the fungus, avoiding dissemination. NETs were also shown to be involved in fungus killing, since fungicidal activity detected before and mainly after neutrophils activation with TNF-α, IFN-γ and GM-CSF was significantly inhibited by cocultures treatment with DNAse.
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24
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Barros BCSC, Maza PK, Alcantara C, Suzuki E. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induces recruitment of α3 and α5 integrins into epithelial cell membrane rafts, leading to cytokine secretion. Microbes Infect 2015; 18:68-77. [PMID: 26369712 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is one of the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, a human systemic mycosis, highly prevalent in Latin America. In the present work, we demonstrate that P. brasiliensis yeasts promote IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by the human lung epithelial cell line A549 in an integrin-dependent manner. In fact, small interfering RNA directed to α3 and α5 integrins decreased IL-6 and IL-8 levels in P. brasiliensis-infected A549 cell cultures. This fungus also led to an increase in the expression of α3 and α5 integrins in this epithelial cell line. In addition, P. brasiliensis yeasts promoted α3 and α5 integrins clustering into A549 cell membrane rafts. Furthermore, epithelial cell membrane raft disruption with nystatin decreased IL-6 and IL-8 levels in P. brasiliensis-A549 cell cultures. Therefore, by increasing host α3 and α5 integrins levels and clustering these receptors into membrane rafts, P. brasiliensis yeasts may modulate host inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C S C Barros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6(o) andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Paloma K Maza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6(o) andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Alcantara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6(o) andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Erika Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6(o) andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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25
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Alcantara C, Maza PK, Barros BCSC, Suzuki E. Role of protein kinase C in cytokine secretion by lung epithelial cells during infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv045. [PMID: 26152710 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of protein kinases C (PKCs) in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion by human lung epithelial A549 cells during infection with the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Rottlerin and the broad spectrum PKC inhibitor Go 6983 reduced cytokine levels in A549 cell-P. brasiliensis cultures. Next, by western blot, we verified that infection with this fungus led to phosphorylation of PKC δ (Thr(505)). By using a peptide inhibitor for PKC δ or PKC δ short interfering RNA technique, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in A549-P. brasiliensis cultures were also reduced. Together, these results indicate that P. brasiliensis promotes IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by A549 cells in a PKC δ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Alcantara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6° andar, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Paloma Korehisa Maza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6° andar, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Bianca Carla Silva Campitelli Barros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6° andar, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Erika Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6° andar, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
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Ketelut-Carneiro N, Silva GK, Rocha FA, Milanezi CM, Cavalcanti-Neto FF, Zamboni DS, Silva JS. IL-18 triggered by the Nlrp3 inflammasome induces host innate resistance in a pulmonary model of fungal infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4507-17. [PMID: 25825440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are sensed by innate immune receptors that initiate an efficient adaptive immune response upon activation. The elements of the innate immune recognition process for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis include TLR-2, TLR-4, and dectin-1. However, there are additional receptors necessary for the host immune responses to P. brasiliensis. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRs), which activate inflammasomes, are candidate receptors that deserve renewed investigation. After pathogen infection, the NLRs form large signaling platforms called inflammasomes, which lead to caspase-1 activation and maturation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β). In this study, we showed that NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (Nlrp3) is required to induce caspase-1 activation and further secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 by P. brasiliensis-infected macrophages. Additionally, potassium efflux and lysosomal acidification induced by the fungus were important steps in the caspase-1 activation mechanism. Notably, Nlrp3 and caspase-1 knockout mice were more susceptible to infection than were the wild-type animals, suggesting that the Nlrp3-dependent inflammasomes contribute to host protection against P. brasiliensis. This protective effect occurred owing to the inflammatory response mediated by IL-18, as shown by an augmented fungus burden in IL-18 knockout mice. Taken together, our results show that the Nlrp3 inflammasome is essential for resistance against P. brasiliensis because it orchestrates robust caspase-1 activation and triggers an IL-18-dependent proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ketelut-Carneiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grace Kelly Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Agostini Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Maria Milanezi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dario Simões Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Burger E, Mendes ACSC, Bani GMAC, Brigagão MRPL, Santos GB, Malaquias LCC, Chavasco JK, Verinaud LM, de Camargo ZP, Hamblin MR, Sperandio FF. Low-level laser therapy to the mouse femur enhances the fungicidal response of neutrophils against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003541. [PMID: 25675431 PMCID: PMC4326423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (PMN) play a central role in host defense against the neglected fungal infection paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb). PCM is of major importance, especially in Latin America, and its treatment relies on the use of antifungal drugs. However, the course of treatment is lengthy, leading to side effects and even development of fungal resistance. The goal of the study was to use low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to stimulate PMN to fight Pb in vivo. Swiss mice with subcutaneous air pouches were inoculated with a virulent strain of Pb or fungal cell wall components (Zymosan), and then received LLLT (780 nm; 50 mW; 12.5 J/cm2; 30 seconds per point, giving a total energy of 0.5 J per point) on alternate days at two points on each hind leg. The aim was to reach the bone marrow in the femur with light. Non-irradiated animals were used as controls. The number and viability of the PMN that migrated to the inoculation site was assessed, as well as their ability to synthesize proteins, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their fungicidal activity. The highly pure PMN populations obtained after 10 days of infection were also subsequently cultured in the presence of Pb for trials of protein production, evaluation of mitochondrial activity, ROS production and quantification of viable fungi growth. PMN from mice that received LLLT were more active metabolically, had higher fungicidal activity against Pb in vivo and also in vitro. The kinetics of neutrophil protein production also correlated with a more activated state. LLLT may be a safe and non-invasive approach to deal with PCM infection. PCM triggers a typical granulomatous inflammatory reaction with PMN playing a major role; these inflammatory cells are crucial in the initial stages of PCM, participating in the innate immune reaction and also directing the acquired immune response in the later stages. In some PCM patients, these immune mechanisms are insufficient to eradicate the infection, and need to be boosted with antifungal drugs that have to be administered for long periods and can show serious side-effects. We aimed to develop a novel and safe way to activate PMN through low-level laser irradiation of the bone marrow in the mouse femoral medulla. LLLT increased PMN viability and activation, shown by a significantly greater production of protein and ROS, as well as a higher fungicidal capacity; PMN even retained their higher metabolic activity and fungicidal ability after a second exposure to the pathogenic fungus in vitro. This is the first time that LLLT has been shown to increase the immune response against a fungal infection, and could be a promising and safe technique to be used with antifungal drugs in PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Burger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S. C. Mendes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giulia M. A. C. Bani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maísa R. P. L. Brigagão
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gérsika B. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cosme C. Malaquias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kleber Chavasco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liana M. Verinaud
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo P. de Camargo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard—MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Felipe F. Sperandio
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Rodrigues DR, Fernandes RK, Balderramas HDA, Penitenti M, Bachiega TF, Calvi SA, Dias-Melicio LA, Ikoma MRV, Soares ÂMVDC. Interferon-gamma production by human neutrophils upon stimulation by IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 and challenge with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Cytokine 2014; 69:102-9. [PMID: 25022968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidiodomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), which is endemic in Latin America. The host innate immune response against the fungus has been well characterized and several studies have shown the important role played by phagocytic cells. Our laboratory has studied the relationship between human neutrophils (PMNs)/Pb, focusing the effector mechanisms of these cells against the fungus. However, in last years, studies have shown that in addition to their phagocytic and killer functions, PMNs can modulate and instruct the immune response, since these cells have been shown to produce and release several cytokines. Thus, we evaluated whether PMNs stimulated with Pb can modulate the immune response to a Th1 phenotype through the production of IFN-γ, as well as the role of "pattern-recognition receptors" (PRRs) such as TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1 in this production. Furthermore, we asked whether activation of the cells with the cytokines IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 could result in increased levels of this cytokine. Peripheral blood PMNs obtained from 20 healthy donors were nonactivated or activated with IL-12, IL-15 or IL-18 in different concentrations and challenged with strain 18 Pb (Pb18) for 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h and evaluated for IFN-γ production, by ELISA. In other experiments, PMNs were treated with monoclonal antibodies anti-TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1, challenged with Pb and evaluated for IFN-γ production. We found that Pb induces human PMNs to produce IFN-γ, probably by binding to TLR4 and Dectin-1 receptors expressed by these cells. Moreover, IFN-γ levels were significantly increased when cells were activated with each of the tested cytokines or a combination of two of them, being the association IL-12 plus IL-15 the most effective. The results support our hypothesis that during infection by Pb, human PMNs modulate the adaptive immune response to a Th1 response pattern, via IFN-γ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramos Rodrigues
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Reginaldo Keller Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Helanderson de Almeida Balderramas
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Marcimara Penitenti
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Amaral Carvalho Foundation, Rua: Dona Silvéria, 150, Jaú, SP 17210-080, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Fernanda Bachiega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Sueli Aparecida Calvi
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alarcão Dias-Melicio
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Maura Rosane Valério Ikoma
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Amaral Carvalho Foundation, Rua: Dona Silvéria, 150, Jaú, SP 17210-080, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Victoriano de Campos Soares
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil.
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Beigh SA, Soodan JS, Singh R, Khan AM, Dar MA. Evaluation of trace elements, oxidant/antioxidant status, vitamin C and β-carotene in dogs with dermatophytosis. Mycoses 2013; 57:358-65. [PMID: 24329950 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine zinc, copper and iron levels, erythrocyte oxidant/antioxidant status, vitamin C and β-carotene in dogs with dermatophytosis. A total of 23 dogs with clinically established diagnosis of dermatophytosis by trichogram and positive fungal culture and six dogs as control were included in this study. On cultural examination 52.17% fungal isolates were found to be Microsporum canis, 30.43% were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 17.39% were M. gypseum. In comparison to healthy control, the dogs with dermatophytosis had significantly lower levels of zinc (P < 0.01), copper (P < 0.05), β-carotene and vitamin C levels (P < 0.05) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05) and catalase (P < 0.01), whereas the iron (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.01) levels were significantly increased. On correlation analysis, SOD activity was observed to be positively correlated (P < 0.05) with zinc and copper in both healthy and dermatophytosis affected dogs. In dermatophytosis affected dogs the MDA levels were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with iron, β-carotene levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes; SOD and catalase. Our results demonstrated that dermatophytosis in dogs is associated with significant alteration in oxidant/antioxidant balance and trace elements. It might be secondary consequence of dermatophytosis infection or contributing factor in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Beigh
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu (J & K), India
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Cambier L, Mathy A, Baldo A, Bagut ET, Tabart J, Antoine N, Mignon B. Feline polymorphonuclear neutrophils produce pro-inflammatory cytokines following exposure to Microsporum canis. Vet Microbiol 2013; 162:800-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tamassia N, Zimmermann M, Castellucci M, Ostuni R, Bruderek K, Schilling B, Brandau S, Bazzoni F, Natoli G, Cassatella MA. Cutting Edge: An Inactive Chromatin Configuration at the IL-10 Locus in Human Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1921-5. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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TLR2 in pleural fluid is modulated by talc particles during pleurodesis. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:158287. [PMID: 23304186 PMCID: PMC3529880 DOI: 10.1155/2012/158287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the role of TLR2 molecule in pleural space during thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis period in patients with malignant pleural effusion. We analyzed TLR2 molecule in soluble form as well as on membrane of granulocytes in pleural fluid. Pleural fluid examination was done at three intervals during pleurodesis procedure: 1st—before the thoracoscopic procedure, 2nd—2 hours after the terminating thoracoscopic procedure with talc insufflation, 3rd—24 hours after the thoracoscopic procedure. We reported significant increase of soluble TLR2 molecule in pleural fluid effusion during talc pleurodesis from preoperative value. This increase was approximately 8-fold in the interval of 24 hours. The changes on granulocyte population were quite different. The mean fluorescent intensity of membrane TLR2 molecule examined by flow cytometry on granulocyte population significantly decreased after talc exposure with comparison to prethoracoscopic density. To estimate the prognostic value of TLR2 expression in pleural fluid patients were retrospectively classified into either prognostically favourable or unfavourable groups. Our results proved that patients with favourable prognosis had more than 3-fold higher soluble TLR2 level in pleural fluid early, 2 hours after talc pleurodesis intervention.
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Criado PR, Oliveira CBD, Dantas KC, Takiguti FA, Benini LV, Vasconcellos C. Micoses superficiais e os elementos da resposta imune. An Bras Dermatol 2011; 86:726-31. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962011000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As micoses superficiais são prevalentes em todo o mundo, geralmente ocasionadas por dermatófitos e restritas à camada córnea. A resposta imunológica do hospedeiro às infecções dos fungos dermatófitos depende basicamente das defesas do hospedeiro a metabólitos do fungo, da virulência da cepa ou da espécie infectante e da localização anatômica da infecção. Serão revistos alguns dos fatores da defesa imunológica do hospedeiro que influenciam na eficácia da resposta imune. Em especial, a participação dos receptores de padrão de reconhecimento (PRRs), tais como os receptores toll-like ou os da família lectina (DC-SIGN e dectin-2), que participam da resposta imune inata, conferindo-lhe especificidade e definindo o padrão da resposta imune como um todo. O predomínio celular ou humoral da resposta imune definirá o quadro clínico e o prognóstico da infecção, levando à cura ou cronicidade
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cidia Vasconcellos
- IAMSPE; Universidade Cidade de São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Prince LR, Whyte MK, Sabroe I, Parker LC. The role of TLRs in neutrophil activation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:397-403. [PMID: 21741310 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key innate immune effector cells that are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and inflammation to provide early defence against invading microorganisms. This function is facilitated by the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members by neutrophils, allowing the recognition of an extensive repertoire of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and thus triggering the response to invading pathogens. TLR activation leads to important cellular processes including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytokine production and increased survival, all of which can contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation when signalling becomes dysregulated. In turn, inflammation and tissue injury results in the release of endogenous TLR ligands, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are a rapidly growing class of potent inflammatory stimuli. DAMPs act in an autocrine manner, alerting the host of damage, but can also amplify inflammation leading to further tissue damage. This review highlights recent literature on neutrophil TLR function and regulation during disease, and provides an overview of the recently emerging area of neutrophil responses to DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne R Prince
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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