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Shi Q, Xia Y, Wang Q, Lv K, Yang H, Cui L, Sun Y, Wang X, Tao Q, Song X, Xu D, Xu W, Wang X, Wang X, Kong F, Zhang H, Li B, Li P, Wang H, Li G. Phytochrome B interacts with LIGULELESS1 to control plant architecture and density tolerance in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:1255-1271. [PMID: 38946140 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant improvements in maize yield have been largely attributed to increased plant density of upright hybrid varieties rather than increased yield per plant. However, dense planting triggers shade avoidance responses (SARs) that optimize light absorption but impair plant vigor and performance, limiting yield improvement through increasing plant density. In this study, we demonstrated that high-density-induced leaf angle narrowing and stem/stalk elongation are largely dependent on phytochrome B (phyB1/B2), the primary photoreceptor responsible for perceiving red (R) and far-red (FR) light in maize. We found that maize phyB physically interacts with the LIGULELESS1 (LG1), a classical key regulator of leaf angle, to coordinately regulate plant architecture and density tolerance. The abundance of LG1 is significantly increased by phyB under high R:FR light (low density) but rapidly decreases under low R:FR light (high density), correlating with variations in leaf angle and plant height under various densities. In addition, we identified the homeobox transcription factor HB53 as a target co-repressed by both phyB and LG1 but rapidly induced by canopy shade. Genetic and cellular analyses showed that HB53 regulates plant architecture by controlling the elongation and division of ligular adaxial and abaxial cells. Taken together, these findings uncover the phyB-LG1-HB53 regulatory module as a key molecular mechanism governing plant architecture and density tolerance, providing potential genetic targets for breeding maize hybrid varieties suitable for high-density planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ying Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Kaiwen Lv
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Hengjia Yang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Lianzhe Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiehai Song
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Wenchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xianglan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Guandong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Qin L, Kong F, Wei L, Cui M, Li J, Zhu C, Liu Y, Xia G, Liu S. Maize ZmSRO1e promotes mesocotyl elongation and deep sowing tolerance by inhibiting the activity of ZmbZIP61. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1571-1586. [PMID: 38874204 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Deep sowing is a traditional method for drought resistance in maize production, and mesocotyl elongation is strongly associated with the ability of maize to germinate from deep soil. However, little is known about the functional genes and mechanisms regulating maize mesocotyl elongation. In the present study, we identified a plant-specific SIMILAR TO RCD-ONE (SRO) protein family member, ZmSRO1e, involved in maize mesocotyl elongation. The expression of ZmSRO1e is strongly inhibited upon transfer from dark to white light. The loss-of-function zmsro1e mutant exhibited a dramatically shorter mesocotyl than the wild-type in both constant light and darkness, while overexpression of ZmSRO1e significantly promoted mesocotyl elongation, indicating that ZmSRO1e positively regulates mesocotyl elongation. We showed that ZmSRO1e physically interacted with ZmbZIP61, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and showed a function similar to that of HY5 in regulating photomorphogenesis. We found that ZmSRO1e repressed the transcriptional activity of ZmbZIP61 toward target genes involved in the regulation of cell expansion, such as ZmEXPB4 and ZmEXPB6, by interfering with the binding of ZmbZIP61 to the promoters of target genes. Our results provide a new understanding of the mechanism by which SRO regulates photomorphogenesis and highlight its potential application in deep sowing-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangfang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Minghan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Guangmin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Tian J, Wang C, Chen F, Qin W, Yang H, Zhao S, Xia J, Du X, Zhu Y, Wu L, Cao Y, Li H, Zhuang J, Chen S, Zhang H, Chen Q, Zhang M, Deng XW, Deng D, Li J, Tian F. Maize smart-canopy architecture enhances yield at high densities. Nature 2024; 632:576-584. [PMID: 38866052 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Increasing planting density is a key strategy for enhancing maize yields1-3. An ideotype for dense planting requires a 'smart canopy' with leaf angles at different canopy layers differentially optimized to maximize light interception and photosynthesis4-6, among other features. Here we identified leaf angle architecture of smart canopy 1 (lac1), a natural mutant with upright upper leaves, less erect middle leaves and relatively flat lower leaves. lac1 has improved photosynthetic capacity and attenuated responses to shade under dense planting. lac1 encodes a brassinosteroid C-22 hydroxylase that predominantly regulates upper leaf angle. Phytochrome A photoreceptors accumulate in shade and interact with the transcription factor RAVL1 to promote its degradation via the 26S proteasome, thereby inhibiting activation of lac1 by RAVL1 and decreasing brassinosteroid levels. This ultimately decreases upper leaf angle in dense fields. Large-scale field trials demonstrate that lac1 boosts maize yields under high planting densities. To quickly introduce lac1 into breeding germplasm, we transformed a haploid inducer and recovered homozygous lac1 edits from 20 diverse inbred lines. The tested doubled haploids uniformly acquired smart-canopy-like plant architecture. We provide an important target and an accelerated strategy for developing high-density-tolerant cultivars, with lac1 serving as a genetic chassis for further engineering of a smart canopy in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihang Zhao
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Jinliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lishuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | | | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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Escobar-Bravo R, Schimmel BCJ, Zhang Y, Wang L, Robert CAM, Glauser G, Ballaré CL, Erb M. Far-red light increases maize volatile emissions in response to volatile cues from neighbouring plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38872585 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants perceive the presence and defence status of their neighbours through light and volatile cues, but how plants integrate both stimuli is poorly understood. We investigated if and how low Red to Far red light (R:FR) ratios, indicative of shading or canopy closure, affect maize (Zea mays) responses to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), including the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. We modulated light signalling and perception by using FR supplementation and a phyB1phyB2 mutant, and we determined volatile release as a response readout. To gain mechanistic insights, we examined expression of volatile biosynthesis genes, hormone accumulation, and photosynthesis. Exposure to a full blend of HIPVs or (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate induced maize volatile release. Short-term FR supplementation increased this response. In contrast, prolonged FR supplementation or constitutive phytochrome B inactivation in phyB1phyB2 plants showed the opposite response. Short-term FR supplementation enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate-induced JA-Ile levels. We conclude that a FR-enriched light environment can prompt maize plants to respond more strongly to HIPVs emitted by neighbours, which might be explained by changes in photosynthetic processes and phytochrome B signalling. Our findings reveal interactive responses to light and volatile cues with potentially important consequences for plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaqin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- 2IIBio, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Zhou Y, Kusmec A, Schnable PS. Genetic regulation of self-organizing azimuthal canopy orientations and their impacts on light interception in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1600-1621. [PMID: 38252634 PMCID: PMC11062469 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of solar radiation interception contributes to the photosynthetic efficiency of crop plants. Light interception is a function of canopy architecture, including plant density; leaf number, length, width, and angle; and azimuthal canopy orientation. We report on the ability of some maize (Zea mays) genotypes to alter the orientations of their leaves during development in coordination with adjacent plants. Although the upper canopies of these genotypes retain the typical alternate-distichous phyllotaxy of maize, their leaves grow parallel to those of adjacent plants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) on this parallel canopy trait identified candidate genes, many of which are associated with shade avoidance syndrome, including phytochromeC2. GWAS conducted on the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by canopies also identified multiple candidate genes, including liguleless1 (lg1), previously defined by its role in ligule development. Under high plant densities, mutants of shade avoidance syndrome and liguleless genes (lg1, lg2, and Lg3) exhibit altered canopy patterns, viz, the numbers of interrow leaves are greatly reduced as compared to those of nonmutant controls, resulting in dramatically decreased PAR interception. In at least the case of lg2, this phenotype is not a consequence of abnormal ligule development. Instead, liguleless gene functions are required for normal light responses, including azimuth canopy re-orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aaron Kusmec
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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6
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Jafari F, Wang B, Wang H, Zou J. Breeding maize of ideal plant architecture for high-density planting tolerance through modulating shade avoidance response and beyond. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:849-864. [PMID: 38131117 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop widely used as food, animal feed, and raw materials in industrial production. High-density planting is a major factor contributing to the continuous increase of maize yield. However, high planting density usually triggers a shade avoidance response and causes increased plant height and ear height, resulting in lodging and yield loss. Reduced plant height and ear height, more erect leaf angle, reduced tassel branch number, earlier flowering, and strong root system architecture are five key morphological traits required for maize adaption to high-density planting. In this review, we summarize recent advances in deciphering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize involved in response to high-density planting. We also discuss some strategies for breeding advanced maize cultivars with superior performance under high-density planting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
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7
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Su H, Cao L, Ren Z, Sun W, Zhu B, Ma S, Sun C, Zhang D, Liu Z, Zeng H, Yang W, Liu Y, Zheng L, Yang Y, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Ku L, Chong L, Chen Y. ZmELF6-ZmPRR37 module regulates maize flowering and salt response. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:929-945. [PMID: 38009862 PMCID: PMC10955496 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The control of flowering time in maize is crucial for reproductive success and yield, and it can be influenced by environmental stresses. Using the approaches of Ac/Ds transposon and transposable element amplicon sequencing techniques, we identified a Ds insertion mutant in the ZmPRR37 gene. The Ds insertion showed a significant correlation with days to anthesis. Further research indicated that ZmPRR37-CR knockout mutants exhibited early flowering, whereas ZmPRR37-overexpression lines displayed delayed flowering compared to WT under long-day (LD) conditions. We demonstrated that ZmPRR37 repressed the expression of ZmNF-YC2 and ZmNF-YA3 to delay flowering. Association analysis revealed a significant correlation between flowering time and a SNP2071-C/T located upstream of ZmPRR37. The SNP2071-C/T impacted the binding capacity of ZmELF6 to the promoter of ZmPRR37. ZmELF6 also acted as a flowering suppressor in maize under LD conditions. Notably, our study unveiled that ZmPRR37 can enhance salt stress tolerance in maize by directly regulating the expression of ABA-responsive gene ZmDhn1. ZmDhn1 negatively regulated maize salt stress resistance. In summary, our findings proposed a novel pathway for regulating photoperiodic flowering and responding to salt stress based on ZmPRR37 in maize, providing novel insights into the integration of abiotic stress signals into floral pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Su
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Liru Cao
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Wenhao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shixiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chongyu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Dongling Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhixue Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Haixia Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Wenjing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yingpeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Lingling Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yuwei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhendong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Lixia Ku
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Leelyn Chong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yanhui Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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8
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Cao Y, Zhang D, Li B, Li H, Qin X, Tian J, Wang C, Wang M, Han R, Qi L, Peng J, Zhao X, Zhang D, Zhao X, Chen L, Kang D, Tian F, Li J. Molecular characterization and functional analyses of maize phytochrome A photoreceptors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2213-2216. [PMID: 38109710 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize phytochrome A photoreceptors play important roles in maize growth and development while displaying both distinct properties from and sharing common features with Arabidopsis phytochrome A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dingming Kang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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9
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Yu J. Maize WRKY28 interacts with the DELLA protein D8 to affect skotomorphogenesis and participates in the regulation of shade avoidance and plant architecture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3122-3141. [PMID: 36884355 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Competition for light from neighboring vegetation can trigger the shade-avoidance response (SAR) in plants, which is detrimental to their yield. The molecular mechanisms regulating SAR are well established in Arabidopsis, and some regulators of skotomorphogenesis have been found to be involved in the regulation of the SAR and plant architecture. However, the role of WRKY transcription factors in this process has rarely been reported, especially in maize (Zea mays). Here, we report that maize Zmwrky28 mutants exhibit shorter mesocotyls in etiolated seedlings. Molecular and biochemical analyses demonstrate that ZmWRKY28 directly binds to the promoter regions of the Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) gene ZmSAUR54 and the Phytochrome-Interacting Factor (PIF) gene ZmPIF4.1 to activate their expression. In addition, the maize DELLA protein Dwarf Plant8 (D8) interacts with ZmWRKY28 in the nucleus to inhibit its transcriptional activation activity. We also show that ZmWRKY28 participates in the regulation of the SAR, plant height, and leaf rolling and erectness in maize. Taken together, our results reveal that ZmWRKY28 is involved in GA-mediated skotomorphogenic development and can be used as a potential target to regulate SAR for breeding of high-density-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Kong D, Li C, Xue W, Wei H, Ding H, Hu G, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zou T, Xian Y, Wang B, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Xie Y, Xu M, Wu H, Liu Q, Wang H. UB2/UB3/TSH4-anchored transcriptional networks regulate early maize inflorescence development in response to simulated shade. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:717-737. [PMID: 36472157 PMCID: PMC9940873 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing planting density has been adopted as an effective means to increase maize (Zea mays) yield. Competition for light from neighbors can trigger plant shade avoidance syndrome, which includes accelerated flowering. However, the regulatory networks of maize inflorescence development in response to high-density planting remain poorly understood. In this study, we showed that shade-mimicking treatments cause precocious development of the tassels and ears. Comparative transcriptome profiling analyses revealed the enrichment of phytohormone-related genes and transcriptional regulators among the genes co-regulated by developmental progression and simulated shade. Network analysis showed that three homologous Squamosa promoter binding protein (SBP)-like (SPL) transcription factors, Unbranched2 (UB2), Unbranched3 (UB3), and Tasselsheath4 (TSH4), individually exhibited connectivity to over 2,400 genes across the V3-to-V9 stages of tassel development. In addition, we showed that the ub2 ub3 double mutant and tsh4 single mutant were almost insensitive to simulated shade treatments. Moreover, we demonstrated that UB2/UB3/TSH4 could directly regulate the expression of Barren inflorescence2 (BIF2) and Zea mays teosinte branched1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor30 (ZmTCP30). Furthermore, we functionally verified a role of ZmTCP30 in regulating tassel branching and ear development. Our results reveal a UB2/UB3/TSH4-anchored transcriptional regulatory network of maize inflorescence development and provide valuable targets for breeding shade-tolerant maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weicong Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuting Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yurong Xie
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Miaoyun Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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11
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Busche M, Hake S, Brunkard JO. Terminal ear 1 and phytochromes B1/B2 regulate maize leaf initiation independently. Genetics 2022; 223:6887217. [PMID: 36495288 PMCID: PMC9910401 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher plants generate new leaves from shoot meristems throughout their vegetative lifespan. The tempo of leaf initiation is dynamically regulated by physiological cues, but little is known about the underlying genetic signaling pathways that coordinate this rate. Two maize (Zea mays) mutants, terminal ear1 (te1) and phytochrome B1;phytochrome B2 (phyB1;phyB2), oppositely affect leaf initiation rates and total leaf number at the flowering time: te1 mutants make leaves faster whereas phyB1;phyB2 mutants make leaves slower than wild-type plants. To test whether PhyB1, PhyB2, and TE1 act in overlapping or distinct pathways to regulate leaf initiation, we crossed te1 and phyB1;phyB2 created an F2 population segregating for these three mutations and quantified various phenotypes among the resulting genotypes, including leaf number, leaf initiation rate, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of juvenile leaves, stalk diameter, and dry shoot biomass. Leaf number and initiation rate in phyB1;phyB2;te1 plants fell between the extremes of the two parents, suggesting an additive genetic interaction between te1 and phyB1;phyB2 rather than epistasis. Therefore, we conclude that PhyB1, PhyB2, and TE1 likely control leaf initiation through distinct signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Busche
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Sarah Hake
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jacob O Brunkard
- Corresponding author: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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12
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Xu G, Zhang X, Chen W, Zhang R, Li Z, Wen W, Warburton ML, Li J, Li H, Yang X. Population genomics of Zea species identifies selection signatures during maize domestication and adaptation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:72. [PMID: 35180846 PMCID: PMC8855575 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) was domesticated from teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) about 9000 years ago in southwestern Mexico and adapted to a range of environments worldwide. Researchers have depicted the maize domestication and adaptation processes over the past two decades, but efforts have been limited either in sample size or genetic diversity. To better understand these processes, we conducted a genome-wide survey of 982 maize inbred lines and 190 teosinte accessions using over 40,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. RESULTS Population structure, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic trees all confirmed the evolutionary relationship between maize and teosinte, and determined the evolutionary lineage of all species within teosinte. Shared haplotype analysis showed similar levels of ancestral alleles from Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and Zea mays ssp. mexicana in maize. Scans for selection signatures identified 394 domestication sweeps by comparing wild and cultivated maize and 360 adaptation sweeps by comparing tropical and temperate maize. Permutation tests revealed that the public association signals for flowering time were highly enriched in the domestication and adaptation sweeps. Genome-wide association study identified 125 loci significantly associated with flowering-time traits, ten of which identified candidate genes that have undergone selection during maize adaptation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we characterized the history of maize domestication and adaptation at the population genomic level and identified hundreds of domestication and adaptation sweeps. This study extends the molecular mechanism of maize domestication and adaptation, and provides resources for basic research and genetic improvement in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, MOA Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, MOA Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenkang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, MOA Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Renyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, MOA Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, MOA Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Marilyn L Warburton
- United States of Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Jiansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, MOA Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, MOA Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Sharma S, Sanyal SK, Sushmita K, Chauhan M, Sharma A, Anirudhan G, Veetil SK, Kateriya S. Modulation of Phototropin Signalosome with Artificial Illumination Holds Great Potential in the Development of Climate-Smart Crops. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:181-213. [PMID: 34975290 PMCID: PMC8640849 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210412104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in environmental conditions like temperature and light critically influence crop production. To deal with these changes, plants possess various photoreceptors such as Phototropin (PHOT), Phytochrome (PHY), Cryptochrome (CRY), and UVR8 that work synergistically as sensor and stress sensing receptors to different external cues. PHOTs are capable of regulating several functions like growth and development, chloroplast relocation, thermomorphogenesis, metabolite accumulation, stomatal opening, and phototropism in plants. PHOT plays a pivotal role in overcoming the damage caused by excess light and other environmental stresses (heat, cold, and salinity) and biotic stress. The crosstalk between photoreceptors and phytohormones contributes to plant growth, seed germination, photo-protection, flowering, phototropism, and stomatal opening. Molecular genetic studies using gene targeting and synthetic biology approaches have revealed the potential role of different photoreceptor genes in the manipulation of various beneficial agronomic traits. Overexpression of PHOT2 in Fragaria ananassa leads to the increase in anthocyanin content in its leaves and fruits. Artificial illumination with blue light alone and in combination with red light influence the growth, yield, and secondary metabolite production in many plants, while in algal species, it affects growth, chlorophyll content, lipid production and also increases its bioremediation efficiency. Artificial illumination alters the morphological, developmental, and physiological characteristics of agronomic crops and algal species. This review focuses on PHOT modulated signalosome and artificial illumination-based photo-biotechnological approaches for the development of climate-smart crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sibaji K. Sanyal
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kumari Sushmita
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manisha Chauhan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Gireesh Anirudhan
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan (PO), West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sindhu K. Veetil
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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14
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Fernie AR, Alseekh S, Liu J, Yan J. Using precision phenotyping to inform de novo domestication. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1397-1411. [PMID: 33848336 PMCID: PMC8260140 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An update on the use of precision phenotyping to assess the potential of lesser cultivated species as candidates for de novo domestication or similar development for future agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Liu Y, Jafari F, Wang H. Integration of light and hormone signaling pathways in the regulation of plant shade avoidance syndrome. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:131-145. [PMID: 36304753 PMCID: PMC9590540 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are unable to move or escape from their neighboring competitors under high-density planting conditions. Instead, they have evolved the ability to sense changes in light quantity and quality (such as a reduction in photoactive radiation and drop in red/far-red light ratios) and evoke a suite of adaptative responses (such as stem elongation, reduced branching, hyponastic leaf orientation, early flowering and accelerated senescence) collectively termed shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Over the past few decades, much progress has been made in identifying the various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components implicated in regulating SAS, and in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms, based on extensive molecular genetic studies with the model dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, an emerging synthesis of the field is that light signaling integrates with the signaling pathways of various phytohormones to coordinately regulate different aspects of SAS. In this review, we present a brief summary of the various cross-talks between light and hormone signaling in regulating SAS. We also present a perspective of manipulating SAS to tailor crop architecture for breeding high-density tolerant crop cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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16
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Arefian M, Bhagya N, Prasad TSK. Phosphorylation-mediated signalling in flowering: prospects and retrospects of phosphoproteomics in crops. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2164-2191. [PMID: 34047006 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification, regulating protein function, stability, and subcellular localization. To date, annotated phosphorylation data are available mainly for model organisms and humans, despite the economic importance of crop species and their large kinomes. Our understanding of the phospho-regulation of flowering in relation to the biology and interaction between the pollen and pistil is still significantly lagging, limiting our knowledge on kinase signalling and its potential applications to crop production. To address this gap, we bring together relevant literature that were previously disconnected to present an overview of the roles of phosphoproteomic signalling pathways in modulating molecular and cellular regulation within specific tissues at different morphological stages of flowering. This review is intended to stimulate research, with the potential to increase crop productivity by providing a platform for novel molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arefian
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - N Bhagya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
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17
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Hernando CE, Murcia MG, Pereyra ME, Sellaro R, Casal JJ. Phytochrome B links the environment to transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4068-4084. [PMID: 33704448 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB) senses the difference between darkness and light, the level of irradiance, the red/far-red ratio, and temperature. Thanks to these sensory capacities, phyB perceives whether plant organs are buried in the soil, exposed to full sunlight, in the presence of nearby vegetation, and/or under risk of heat stress. In some species, phyB perceives seasonal daylength cues. phyB affects the activity of several transcriptional regulators either by direct physical interaction or indirectly by physical interaction with proteins involved in the turnover of transcriptional regulators. Typically, interaction of a protein with phyB has either negative or positive effects on the interaction of the latter with a third party, this being another protein or DNA. Thus, phyB mediates the context-dependent modulation of the transcriptome underlying changes in plant morphology, physiology, and susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stress. phyB operates as a dynamic switch that improves carbon balance, prioritizing light interception and photosynthetic capacity in open places and the projection of the shoot towards light in the soil, under shade and in warm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Esteban Hernando
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Mauro Germán Murcia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Matías Ezequiel Pereyra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Romina Sellaro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Jorge José Casal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
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18
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Karamat U, Sun X, Li N, Zhao J. Genetic regulators of leaf size in Brassica crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:91. [PMID: 33931619 PMCID: PMC8087820 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf size influences plant development and biomass and is also an important agricultural trait in Brassica crops, in which leaves are the main organ produced for consumption. Leaf size is determined by the coordinated regulation of cell proliferation and cell expansion during leaf development, and these processes are strictly controlled by various integrated signals from the intrinsic regulatory network and the growth environment. Understanding the molecular mechanism of leaf size control is a prerequisite for molecular breeding for crop improvement purposes. Although research on leaf size control is just beginning in Brassica, recent studies have identified several genes and QTLs that are important in leaf size regulation. These genes have been proposed to influence leaf growth through different pathways and mechanisms, including phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, transcription regulation, small RNAs, and others. In this review, we summarize the current findings regarding the genetic regulators of leaf size in Brassica and discuss future prospects for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Karamat
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, China.
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Pierik R, Ballaré CL. Control of Plant Growth and Defense by Photoreceptors: From Mechanisms to Opportunities in Agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:61-76. [PMID: 33276158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect and respond to the proximity of competitors using light signals perceived by photoreceptor proteins. A low ratio of red to far-red radiation (R:FR ratio) is a key signal of competition that is sensed by the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB). Low R:FR ratios increase the synthesis of growth-related hormones, including auxin and gibberellins, promoting stem elongation and other shade-avoidance responses. Other photoreceptors that help plants to optimize their developmental configuration and resource allocation patterns in the canopy include blue light photoreceptors, such as cryptochromes and phototropins, and UV receptors, such as UVR8. All photoreceptors act by directly or indirectly controlling the activity of two major regulatory nodes for growth and development: the COP1/SPA ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and the PIF transcription factors. phyB is also an important modulator of hormonal pathways that regulate plant defense against herbivores and pathogens, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances on the studies of the mechanisms that link photoreceptors with growth and defense. Understanding these mechanisms is important to provide a functional platform for breeding programs aimed at improving plant productivity, stress tolerance, and crop health in species of agronomic interest, and to manipulate the light environments in protected agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IIBIO-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Li Q, Wu G, Zhao Y, Wang B, Zhao B, Kong D, Wei H, Chen C, Wang H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and overexpression studies reveal a role of maize phytochrome C in regulating flowering time and plant height. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2520-2532. [PMID: 32531863 PMCID: PMC7680541 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop widely used for food, feedstocks and industrial products. Shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), which is triggered when plants sense competition of light from neighbouring vegetation, is detrimental for maize yield production under high-density planting conditions. Previous studies have shown that the red and far-red photoreceptor phytochromes are responsible for perceiving the shading signals and triggering SAS in Arabidopsis; however, their roles in maize are less clear. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of ZmPHYC1 and ZmPHYC2 and found that ZmPHYC1, but not ZmPHYC2, is highly expressed in leaves and is regulated by the circadian clock. Both ZmPHYC1 and ZmPHYC2 proteins are localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm under light conditions and both of them can interact with themselves or with ZmPHYBs. Heterologous expression of ZmPHYCs can complement the Arabidopsis phyC-2 mutant under constant red light conditions and confer an attenuated SAS in Arabidopsis in response to shading. Double knockout mutants of ZmPHYC1 and ZmPHYC2 created using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology display a moderate early-flowering phenotype under long-day conditions, whereas ZmPHYC2 overexpression plants exhibit a moderately reduced plant height and ear height. Together, these results provided new insight into the function of ZmPHYCs and guidance for breeding high-density tolerant maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
| | - Guangxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cuixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
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21
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Multiple Loci Control Variation in Plasticity to Foliar Shade Throughout Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4103-4114. [PMID: 32988993 PMCID: PMC7642929 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The shade avoidance response is a set of developmental changes exhibited by plants to avoid shading by competitors, and is an important model of adaptive plant plasticity. While the mechanisms of sensing shading by other plants are well-known and appear conserved across plants, less is known about the developmental mechanisms that result in the diverse array of morphological and phenological responses to shading. This is particularly true for traits that appear later in plant development. Here we use a nested association mapping (NAM) population of Arabidopsis thaliana to decipher the genetic architecture of the shade avoidance response in late-vegetative and reproductive plants. We focused on four traits: bolting time, rosette size, inflorescence growth rate, and inflorescence size, found plasticity in each trait in response to shade, and detected 17 total QTL; at least one of which is a novel locus not previously identified for shade responses in Arabidopsis. Using path analysis, we dissected each colocalizing QTL into direct effects on each trait and indirect effects transmitted through direct effects on earlier developmental traits. Doing this separately for each of the seven NAM populations in each environment, we discovered considerable heterogeneity among the QTL effects across populations, suggesting allelic series at multiple QTL or interactions between QTL and the genetic background or the environment. Our results provide insight into the development and variation in shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis, and emphasize the value of directly modeling the relationships among traits when studying the genetics of complex developmental syndromes.
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22
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Sun H, Wang C, Chen X, Liu H, Huang Y, Li S, Dong Z, Zhao X, Tian F, Jin W. dlf1 promotes floral transition by directly activating ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67 in the maize shoot apex. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1386-1400. [PMID: 32579713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The floral transition of the maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) shoot apical meristem determines leaf number and flowering time, which are key traits influencing local adaptation and yield potential. dlf1 (delayed flowering1) encodes a basic leucine zipper protein that interacts with the florigen ZCN8 to mediate floral induction in the shoot apex. However, the mechanism of how dlf1 promotes floral transition remains largely unknown. We demonstrate that dlf1 underlies qLB7-1, a quantitative trait locus controlling leaf number and flowering time that was identified in a BC2 S3 population derived from a cross between maize and its wild ancestor, teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis). Transcriptome sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing demonstrated that DLF1 binds the core promoter of two AP1/FUL subfamily MADS-box genes, ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67, to activate their expression. Knocking out ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67 both increased leaf number and delayed flowering, indicating that they promote the floral transition. Nucleotide diversity analysis revealed that dlf1 and ZmMADS67 were targeted by selection, suggesting that they may have played important roles in maize flowering time adaptation. We show that dlf1 promotes maize floral transition by directly activating ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67 in the shoot apex, providing novel insights into the mechanism of maize floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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23
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Huai J, Jing Y, Lin R. Functional analysis of ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 reveals conserved light signaling mechanism in maize and Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:369-379. [PMID: 32208521 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved light signaling mechanisms to optimally adapt developmental patterns to the ambient light environments. CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) are two critical components in the light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. COP1 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets positive regulators, such as HY5, leading to their degradation in darkness. However, functional analysis of the COP1-HY5 module in maize (Zea mays) has not been reported. Here, we investigated the expression patterns and roles of the COP1 and HY5 orthologs, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5, in regulating photomorphogenesis. These two genes have high amino acid identities with their Arabidopsis homolog and were both regulated by light. Subcellular localization assay showed that ZmCOP1 was distributed in the cytosol and ZmHY5 localized in the nucleus. Exogenous expression of ZmCOP1 rescued the physiological defects of the cop1-4 mutant, and expression of ZmHY5 complemented the long hypocotyl phenotype of the hy5-215 mutant in Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays showed that ZmCOP1 interacted with ZmHY5. Our study gains insight into the conserved function and regulatory mechanism of the COP1-HY5 signaling pathway in maize and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Huai
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yanjun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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24
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Transcriptomic network analyses shed light on the regulation of cuticle development in maize leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12464-12471. [PMID: 32424100 PMCID: PMC7275669 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004945117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cuticles provide barriers to water loss and arose as aquatic plants adapted to the dry terrestrial environment. The cuticle components, waxes and the fatty acid-based polymer cutin, are synthesized in the plant epidermis, exported across the cell wall, and deposited on the plant surface. This study suggests a role for PHYTOCHROME light receptors during cuticle development in leaves of maize and moss, diverse species that are separated by more than 400 million y of land plant evolution. We hypothesize that phytochrome-mediated light signaling contributed to the evolution of cuticles in land plants. Plant cuticles are composed of wax and cutin and evolved in the land plants as a hydrophobic boundary that reduces water loss from the plant epidermis. The expanding maize adult leaf displays a dynamic, proximodistal gradient of cuticle development, from the leaf base to the tip. Laser microdissection RNA Sequencing (LM-RNAseq) was performed along this proximodistal gradient, and complementary network analyses identified potential regulators of cuticle biosynthesis and deposition. A weighted gene coexpression network (WGCN) analysis suggested a previously undescribed function for PHYTOCHROME-mediated light signaling during the regulation of cuticular wax deposition. Genetic analyses reveal that phyB1 phyB2 double mutants of maize exhibit abnormal cuticle composition, supporting the predictions of our coexpression analysis. Reverse genetic analyses also show that phy mutants of the moss Physcomitrella patens exhibit abnormal cuticle composition, suggesting an ancestral role for PHYTOCHROME-mediated, light-stimulated regulation of cuticle development during plant evolution.
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25
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Genome-wide selection and genetic improvement during modern maize breeding. Nat Genet 2020; 52:565-571. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Peng Z, Cheng H, Sun G, Pan Z, Wang X, Geng X, He S, Du X. Expression patterns and functional divergence of homologous genes accompanied by polyploidization in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1565-1579. [PMID: 32112269 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally allotetraploid cotton has been widely used as an ideal model to investigate gene expression remodeling as a consequence of polyploidization. However, the global gene pattern variation during early fiber development was unknown. In this study, through RNA-seq technology, we comprehensively investigated the expression patterns of homologous genes between allotetraploid cotton (G. hirsutum) and its diploid progenitors (G. arboreum and G. raimondii) at the fiber early development stage. In tetraploid cotton, genes showed expression level dominance (ELD) bias toward the A genome. This phenomenon was explained by the up-/downregulation of the homologs from the nondominant progenitor (D genome). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment results indicated that the ELD-A genes might be a prominent cause responsible for fiber property change through regulating the fatty acid biosynthesis/metabolism and microtubule procession, and the ELD-D genes might be involved in transcription regulation and stress inducement. In addition, the number and proportion of completely A- and D-subfunctionalized gene were similar at different fiber development stages. However, for neofunctionalization, the number and proportion of reactivated D-derived genes were greater than those of A at 3 and 5 DPA. Eventually, we found that some homologous genes belonging to several specific pathways might create novel asymmetric transcripts between two subgenomes during polyploidization and domestication process, further making the fiber property meet the human demands. Our study identified determinate pathways and their involved genes between allotetraploid cotton and their progenitors at early fiber development stages, providing new insights into the mechanism of cotton fiber evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.,Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Gaofei Sun
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Shoupu He
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China. .,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China. .,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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27
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Carlson KD, Bhogale S, Anderson D, Zaragoza-Mendoza A, Madlung A. Subfunctionalization of phytochrome B1/B2 leads to differential auxin and photosynthetic responses. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00205. [PMID: 32128473 PMCID: PMC7047017 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication and polyploidization are genetic mechanisms that instantly add genetic material to an organism's genome. Subsequent modification of the duplicated material leads to the evolution of neofunctionalization (new genetic functions), subfunctionalization (differential retention of genetic functions), redundancy, or a decay of duplicated genes to pseudogenes. Phytochromes are light receptors that play a large role in plant development. They are encoded by a small gene family that in tomato is comprised of five members: PHYA, PHYB1, PHYB2, PHYE, and PHYF. The most recent gene duplication within this family was in the ancestral PHYB gene. Using transcriptome profiling, co-expression network analysis, and physiological and molecular experimentation, we show that tomato SlPHYB1 and SlPHYB2 exhibit both common and non-redundant functions. Specifically, PHYB1 appears to be the major integrator of light and auxin responses, such as gravitropism and phototropism, while PHYB1 and PHYB2 regulate aspects of photosynthesis antagonistically to each other, suggesting that the genes have subfunctionalized since their duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha D Carlson
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
| | - Sneha Bhogale
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
| | - Drew Anderson
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
| | | | - Andreas Madlung
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
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28
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Wang X, Gao X, Liu Y, Fan S, Ma Q. Progress of Research on the Regulatory Pathway of the Plant Shade-Avoidance Syndrome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:439. [PMID: 32351535 PMCID: PMC7174782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When subject to vegetational shading, shade-avoiding plants detect neighbors by perceiving reduced light quantity and altered light quality. The former includes decreases in the ratio of red to far-red wavelengths (low R:FR) and low blue light ratio (LBL) predominantly detected by phytochromes and cryptochromes, respectively. By integrating multiple signals, plants generate a suite of responses, such as elongation of a variety of organs, accelerated flowering, and reduced branching, which are collectively termed the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS). To trigger the SAS, interactions between photoreceptors and phytochrome-interacting factors are the general switch for activation of downstream signaling pathways. A number of transcription factor families and phytohormones, especially auxin, gibberellins, ethylene, and brassinosteroids, are involved in the SAS processes. In this review, shade signals, the major photoreceptors involved, and the phenotypic characteristics of the shade-intolerant plant Arabidopsis thaliana are described in detail. In addition, integration of the signaling mechanisms that link photoreceptors with multiple hormone signaling pathways is presented and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xinqiang Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Fan, ; Qifeng Ma,
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Fan, ; Qifeng Ma,
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29
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Fustier MA, Martínez-Ainsworth NE, Aguirre-Liguori JA, Venon A, Corti H, Rousselet A, Dumas F, Dittberner H, Camarena MG, Grimanelli D, Ovaskainen O, Falque M, Moreau L, de Meaux J, Montes-Hernández S, Eguiarte LE, Vigouroux Y, Manicacci D, Tenaillon MI. Common gardens in teosintes reveal the establishment of a syndrome of adaptation to altitude. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008512. [PMID: 31860672 PMCID: PMC6944379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, local adaptation across species range is frequent. Yet, much has to be discovered on its environmental drivers, the underlying functional traits and their molecular determinants. Genome scans are popular to uncover outlier loci potentially involved in the genetic architecture of local adaptation, however links between outliers and phenotypic variation are rarely addressed. Here we focused on adaptation of teosinte populations along two elevation gradients in Mexico that display continuous environmental changes at a short geographical scale. We used two common gardens, and phenotyped 18 traits in 1664 plants from 11 populations of annual teosintes. In parallel, we genotyped these plants for 38 microsatellite markers as well as for 171 outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that displayed excess of allele differentiation between pairs of lowland and highland populations and/or correlation with environmental variables. Our results revealed that phenotypic differentiation at 10 out of the 18 traits was driven by local selection. Trait covariation along the elevation gradient indicated that adaptation to altitude results from the assembly of multiple co-adapted traits into a complex syndrome: as elevation increases, plants flower earlier, produce less tillers, display lower stomata density and carry larger, longer and heavier grains. The proportion of outlier SNPs associating with phenotypic variation, however, largely depended on whether we considered a neutral structure with 5 genetic groups (73.7%) or 11 populations (13.5%), indicating that population stratification greatly affected our results. Finally, chromosomal inversions were enriched for both SNPs whose allele frequencies shifted along elevation as well as phenotypically-associated SNPs. Altogether, our results are consistent with the establishment of an altitudinal syndrome promoted by local selective forces in teosinte populations in spite of detectable gene flow. Because elevation mimics climate change through space, SNPs that we found underlying phenotypic variation at adaptive traits may be relevant for future maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux-Alison Fustier
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Natalia E. Martínez-Ainsworth
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jonás A. Aguirre-Liguori
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anthony Venon
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Corti
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Agnès Rousselet
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Dumas
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hannes Dittberner
- Institute of Botany, University of Cologne Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
| | - María G. Camarena
- Campo Experimental Bajío, InstitutoNacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Celaya, Mexico
| | - Daniel Grimanelli
- UMR Diversité, Adaptation et Développement des plantes, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matthieu Falque
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Moreau
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juliette de Meaux
- Institute of Botany, University of Cologne Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
| | - Salvador Montes-Hernández
- Campo Experimental Bajío, InstitutoNacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Celaya, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- UMR Diversité, Adaptation et Développement des plantes, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Domenica Manicacci
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maud I. Tenaillon
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Dawson IK, Powell W, Hendre P, Bančič J, Hickey JM, Kindt R, Hoad S, Hale I, Jamnadass R. The role of genetics in mainstreaming the production of new and orphan crops to diversify food systems and support human nutrition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:37-54. [PMID: 31063598 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Especially in low-income nations, new and orphan crops provide important opportunities to improve diet quality and the sustainability of food production, being rich in nutrients, capable of fitting into multiple niches in production systems, and relatively adapted to low-input conditions. The evolving space for these crops in production systems presents particular genetic improvement requirements that extensive gene pools are able to accommodate. Particular needs for genetic development identified in part with plant breeders relate to three areas of fundamental importance for addressing food production and human demographic trends and associated challenges, namely: facilitating integration into production systems; improving the processability of crop products; and reducing farm labour requirements. Here, we relate diverse involved target genes and crop development techniques. These techniques include transgressive methods that involve defining exemplar crop models for effective new and orphan crop improvement pathways. Research on new and orphan crops not only supports the genetic improvement of these crops, but they serve as important models for understanding crop evolutionary processes more broadly, guiding further major crop evolution. The bridging position of orphan crops between new and major crops provides unique opportunities for investigating genetic approaches for de novo domestications and major crop 'rewildings'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K Dawson
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Prasad Hendre
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jon Bančič
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John M Hickey
- The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Roeland Kindt
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steve Hoad
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Iago Hale
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH,, 03824, USA
| | - Ramni Jamnadass
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
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31
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Wies G, Mantese AI, Casal JJ, Maddonni GÁ. Phytochrome B enhances plant growth, biomass and grain yield in field-grown maize. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:1079-1088. [PMID: 30778530 PMCID: PMC6589507 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phytochrome B (phyB) is a photosensory receptor important for the control of plant plasticity and resource partitioning. Whether phyB is required to optimize plant biomass accumulation in agricultural crops exposed to full sunlight is unknown. Here we investigated the impact of mutations in the genes that encode either phyB1 or phyB2 on plant growth and grain yield in field crops of Zea mays sown at contrasting population densities. METHODS Plants of maize inbred line France 2 wild type (WT) and the isogenic mutants lacking either phyB1 or phyB2 (phyB1 and phyB2) were cultivated in the field during two seasons. Plants were grown at two densities (9 and 30 plants m-2), irrigated and without restrictions of nutrients. Leaf and stem growth, leaf anatomy, light interception, above-ground biomass accumulation and grain yield were recorded. KEY RESULTS At high plant density, all the lines showed similar kinetics of biomass accumulation. However, compared with the WT, the phyB1 and phyB2 mutations impaired the ability to enhance plant growth in response to the additional resources available at low plant density. This effect was largely due to a reduced leaf area (fewer cells per leaf), which compromised light interception capacity. Grain yield was reduced in phyB1 plants. CONCLUSIONS Maize plants grown in the field at relatively low densities require phyB1 and phyB2 to sense the light environment and optimize the use of the available resources. In the absence of either of these two light receptors, leaf expansion is compromised, imposing a limitation to the interception of photosynthetic radiation and growth. These observations suggest that genetic variability at the locus encoding phyB could offer a breeding target to improve crop growth capacity in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Wies
- Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anita Ida Mantese
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge José Casal
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Ángel Maddonni
- Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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32
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Shi Q, Kong F, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Heng S, Liang R, Ma L, Liu J, Lu X, Li P, Li G. Molecular mechanisms governing shade responses in maize. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:112-119. [PMID: 31200955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting plant growth and development. Plants use shade avoidance or tolerance strategies to adjust their growth and development thus increase their success in the competition for incoming light. To investigate the mechanism of shade responses in maize (Zea mays), we examined the anatomical and transcriptional dynamics of the early shade response in seedlings of the B73 inbred line. Transcriptome analysis identified 912 differentially expressed genes, including genes involved in light signaling, auxin responses, and cell elongation pathways. Grouping transcription factor family genes and performing enrichment analysis identified multiple types of transcription factors that are differentially regulated by shade and predicted putative core genes responsible for regulating shade avoidance syndrome. For functional analyses, we ectopically over-expressed ZmHB53, a type II HD-ZIP transcription factor gene significantly induced by shade, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ZmHB53 exhibited narrower leaves, earlier flowering, and enhanced expression of shade-responsive genes, suggesting that ZmHB53 might participates in the regulation of shade responses in maize. This study increases our understanding of the regulatory network of the shade response in maize and provides a useful resource for maize genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Shi
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu'e Jiang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Siqi Heng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ran Liang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jisheng Liu
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Sessa G, Carabelli M, Possenti M, Morelli G, Ruberti I. Multiple Pathways in the Control of the Shade Avoidance Response. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040102. [PMID: 30453622 PMCID: PMC6313891 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To detect the presence of neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants have evolved the ability to perceive and integrate multiple signals. Among them, changes in light quality and quantity are central to elicit and regulate the shade avoidance response. Here, we describe recent progresses in the comprehension of the signaling mechanisms underlying the shade avoidance response, focusing on Arabidopsis, because most of our knowledge derives from studies conducted on this model plant. Shade avoidance is an adaptive response that results in phenotypes with a high relative fitness in individual plants growing within dense vegetation. However, it affects the growth, development, and yield of crops, and the design of new strategies aimed at attenuating shade avoidance at defined developmental stages and/or in specific organs in high-density crop plantings is a major challenge for the future. For this reason, in this review, we also report on recent advances in the molecular description of the shade avoidance response in crops, such as maize and tomato, and discuss their similarities and differences with Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Sessa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Monica Carabelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Possenti
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ida Ruberti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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34
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Oh Y, Fragoso V, Guzzonato F, Kim SG, Park CM, Baldwin IT. Root-expressed phytochromes B1 and B2, but not PhyA and Cry2, regulate shoot growth in nature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2577-2588. [PMID: 29766532 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although photoreceptors are expressed throughout all plant organs, most studies have focused on their function in aerial parts with laboratory-grown plants. Photoreceptor function in naturally dark-grown roots of plants in their native habitats is lacking. We characterized patterns of photoreceptor expression in field- and glasshouse-grown Nicotiana attenuata plants, silenced the expression of PhyB1/B2/A/Cry2 whose root transcripts levels were greater/equal to those of shoots, and by micrografting combined empty vector transformed shoots onto photoreceptor-silenced roots, creating chimeric plants with "blind" roots but "sighted" shoots. Micrografting procedure was robust in both field and glasshouse, as demonstrated by transcript accumulation patterns, and a spatially-explicit lignin visual reporter chimeric line. Field- and glasshouse-grown plants with PhyB1B2, but not PhyA or Cry2, -blind roots, were delayed in stalk elongation compared with control plants, robustly for two field seasons. Wild-type plants with roots directly exposed to FR phenocopied the growth of irPhyB1B2-blind root grafts. Additionally, root-expressed PhyB1B2 was required to activate the positive photomorphogenic regulator, HY5, in response to aboveground light. We conclude that roots of plants growing deep into the soil in nature sense aboveground light, and possibly soil temperature, via PhyB1B2 to control key traits, such as stalk elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Oh
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Variluska Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Guzzonato
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
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Liu B, Sun G. Transcriptome and miRNAs analyses enhance our understanding of the evolutionary advantages of polyploidy. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:173-180. [PMID: 30372634 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1524824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyploid organisms have more than two sets of chromosomes, including autopolyploid via intraspecific genome doubling, and allopolyploid via merging genomes of distinct species by hybridization. Polyploid organisms are widespread in plants, indicating that polyploidy has some evolutionary advantages over its diploid ancestor. Actually, polyploidy is always tightly associated with hybrid vigor and adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. However, why polyploidy can develop such advantages is poorly known. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ∼21 nt small RNAs which can play important regulatory roles in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. MicroRNAs are essential for cell development, differentiation, signal transduction, and show an adaptive response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Environmental stresses cause plants to over- or under-express certain miRNAs or synthesize new miRNAs to cope with stress. We have here reviewed our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms, which can account for the evolutionary advantages of polyploidy over its diploid ancestor from genome-wide gene expression and microRNAs expression perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- a Biology Department , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Genlou Sun
- a Biology Department , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Canada
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36
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Wei H, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Wang H. Exploiting SPL genes to improve maize plant architecture tailored for high-density planting. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4675-4688. [PMID: 29992284 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is an agronomically important crop and also a classical genetic model for studying the regulation of plant architecture formation, which is a critical determinant of grain yield. Since the 1930s, increasing planting density has been a major contributing factor to the >7-fold increase in maize grain yield per unit land area in the USA, which is accompanied by breeding and utilization of cultivars characterized by high-density-tolerant plant architecture, including decreased ear height, lodging resistance, more upright leaves, reduced tassel branch number, and reduced anthesis-silking interval (ASI). Recent studies demonstrated that phytochrome-mediated red/far-red light signaling pathway and the miR156/SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) regulatory module co-ordinately regulate the shade avoidance response and diverse aspects of plant architecture in responding to shading in Arabidopsis. The maize genome contains 30 ZmSPL genes, and 18 of them are predicted as direct targets of zma-miR156s. Accumulating evidence indicates that ZmSPL genes play important roles in regulating maize flowering time, plant/ear height, tilling, leaf angle, tassel and ear architecture, and grain size and shape. Finally, we discuss ways to exploit maize SPL genes and downstream targets for improving maize plant architecture tailored for high-density planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Xie
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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37
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Li W, Ren Z, Wang Z, Sun K, Pei X, Liu Y, He K, Zhang F, Song C, Zhou X, Zhang W, Ma X, Yang D. Evolution and Stress Responses of Gossypium hirsutum SWEET Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E769. [PMID: 29517986 PMCID: PMC5877630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) proteins are sugar efflux transporters containing the MtN3_saliva domain, which affects plant development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These proteins have not been functionally characterized in the tetraploid cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, which is a widely cultivated cotton species. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the cotton SWEET gene family. A total of 55 putative G. hirsutumSWEET genes were identified. The GhSWEET genes were classified into four clades based on a phylogenetic analysis and on the examination of gene structural features. Moreover, chromosomal localization and an analysis of homologous genes in Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, and G. hirsutum suggested that a whole-genome duplication, several tandem duplications, and a polyploidy event contributed to the expansion of the cotton SWEET gene family, especially in Clade III and IV. Analyses of cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions, expression profiles, and artificial selection revealed that the GhSWEET genes were likely involved in cotton developmental processes and responses to diverse stresses. These findings may clarify the evolution of G. hirsutum SWEET gene family and may provide a foundation for future functional studies of SWEET proteins regarding cotton development and responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Zhongying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Kuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yangai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Kunlun He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Chengxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Daigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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38
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Wille W, Pipper CB, Rosenqvist E, Andersen SB, Weiner J. Reducing shade avoidance responses in a cereal crop. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx039. [PMID: 29071064 PMCID: PMC5647810 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several researchers have hypothesized that shade avoidance behaviour is favoured by natural selection because it increases the fitness of individuals. Shade avoidance can be disadvantageous for crops, however, because it reduces allocation of resources to reproductive yield, increases the risk of lodging and reduces weed suppression. One approach to develop varieties with reduced shade avoidance and enhanced agronomic performance is by inducing mutations followed by phenotypic screening. We treated spring wheat seeds with ethyl methanesulfonate and screened the seedlings repeatedly under green filters for plants showing reduced elongation of the first leaf sheath and second leaf lamina. The shade avoidance responses of five promising mutant lines were further compared to non-mutated plants in a climate chamber experiment with added far-red light. Two of the selected lines displayed significantly reduced elongation under all light treatments while two lines showed reduced elongation only in added far-red light. The most promising mutant line did not differ in height from the non-mutated cultivar in neutral light, but elongated 20.6% less in strong far-red light. This traditional forward approach of screening mutagenized spring wheat produced plants with reduced shade avoidance responses. These mutants may generate new molecular handles to modify the reaction of plants to changes in light spectral distribution in traditional and novel cultivation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Wille
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian B Pipper
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sven B Andersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Mawphlang OIL, Kharshiing EV. Photoreceptor Mediated Plant Growth Responses: Implications for Photoreceptor Engineering toward Improved Performance in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1181. [PMID: 28744290 PMCID: PMC5504655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures during growing seasons coupled with altered precipitation rates presents a challenging task of improving crop productivity for overcoming such altered weather patterns and cater to a growing population. Light is a critical environmental factor that exerts a powerful influence on plant growth and development ranging from seed germination to flowering and fruiting. Higher plants utilize a suite of complex photoreceptor proteins to perceive surrounding red/far-red (phytochromes), blue/UV-A (cryptochromes, phototropins, ZTL/FKF1/LKP2), and UV-B light (UVR8). While genomic studies have also shown that light induces extensive reprogramming of gene expression patterns in plants, molecular genetic studies have shown that manipulation of one or more photoreceptors can result in modification of agronomically beneficial traits. Such information can assist researchers to engineer photoreceptors via genome editing technologies to alter expression or even sensitivity thresholds of native photoreceptors for targeting aspects of plant growth that can confer superior agronomic value to the engineered crops. Here we summarize the agronomically important plant growth processes influenced by photoreceptors in crop species, alongwith the functional interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones in regulating these responses. We also discuss the potential utility of synthetic biology approaches in photobiology for improving agronomically beneficial traits of crop plants by engineering designer photoreceptors.
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40
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Fragoso V, Oh Y, Kim SG, Gase K, Baldwin IT. Functional specialization of Nicotiana attenuata phytochromes in leaf development and flowering time. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:205-224. [PMID: 28009482 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes mainly function in photoautotrophic organisms to adjust growth in response to fluctuating light signals. The different isoforms of plant phytochromes often display both conserved and divergent roles, presumably to fine-tune plant responses to environmental signals and optimize fitness. Here we describe the distinct, yet partially redundant, roles of phytochromes NaPHYA, NaPHYB1 and NaPHYB2 in a wild tobacco species, Nicotiana attenuata using RNAi-silenced phytochrome lines. Consistent with results reported from other species, silencing the expression of NaPHYA or NaPHYB2 in N. attenuata had mild or no influence on plant development as long as NaPHYB1 was functional; whereas silencing the expression of NaPHYB1 alone strongly altered flowering time and leaf morphology. The contribution of NaPHYB2 became significant only in the absence of NaPHYB1; plants silenced for both NaPHYB1 and NaPHYB2 largely skipped the rosette-stage of growth to rapidly produce long, slender stalks that bore flowers early: hallmarks of the shade-avoidance responses. The phenotyping of phytochrome-silenced lines, combined with sequence and transcript accumulation analysis, suggest the independent functional diversification of the phytochromes, and a dominant role of NaPHYB1 and NaPHYB2 in N. attenuata's vegetative and reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Variluska Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Youngjoo Oh
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian Thomas Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Landscape Genomics of Angiosperm Trees: From Historic Roots to Discovering New Branches of Adaptive Evolution. COMPARATIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY GENOMICS OF ANGIOSPERM TREES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7397_2016_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shi Q, Zhang H, Song X, Jiang Y, Liang R, Li G. Functional Characterization of the Maize Phytochrome-Interacting Factors PIF4 and PIF5. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2273. [PMID: 29403515 PMCID: PMC5778267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) play important roles in photomorphogenesis, the shade avoidance response, and other aspects of plant growth and development. PIF family proteins have been well-studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, but little is known about their physiological functions and molecular mechanisms in maize (Zea mays). In this study, we investigated the physiological functions of ZmPIF4 and ZmPIF5, two highly conserved members of the PIF gene family. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that ZmPIF4 and ZmPIF5 expression and ZmPIF4 and ZmPIF5 levels peak at night and remain low during the day. Overexpression of ZmPIF4 and ZmPIF5 in Arabidopsis partially rescued the reduced hypocotyl elongation and defective response to gravity in pif1 pif3 pif4 pif5 quadruple mutants (pifq). In addition, under high red: far-red light conditions, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing ZmPIF4 exhibited a constitutive shade avoidance response, including early flowering, slender leaves and inflorescences, plant lodging and precocious leaf senescence. Furthermore, ZmPIF4 physically interacted with the Arabidopsis DELLA protein REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA), indicating a potential interaction between ZmPIF4 and gibberellin signaling pathway on plant growth. Taken together, our results revealed that ZmPIF4 and ZmPIF5 are functionally conserved proteins that may play conserved roles in the response to phytochrome signaling in plants. HIGHLIGHTS In this study, the functions of ZmPIF4 and ZmPIF5 were characterized by expression in Arabidopsis, revealing conserved roles of PIF family proteins in photomorphogenesis and the shade avoidance response in land plants.
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Kumar I, Swaminathan K, Hudson K, Hudson ME. Evolutionary divergence of phytochrome protein function in Zea mays PIF3 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4231-40. [PMID: 27262126 PMCID: PMC5301934 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two maize phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family members, ZmPIF3.1 and ZmPIF3.2, were identified, cloned and expressed in vitro to investigate light-signaling interactions. A phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the maize bHLH transcription factor gene family revealed the extent of the PIF family, and a total of seven predicted PIF-encoding genes were identified from genes encoding bHLH family VIIa/b proteins in the maize genome. To investigate the role of maize PIFs in phytochrome signaling, full-length cDNAs for phytochromes PhyA2, PhyB1, PhyB2 and PhyC1 from maize were cloned and expressed in vitro as chromophorylated holophytochromes. We showed that ZmPIF3.1 and ZmPIF3.2 interact specifically with the Pfr form of maize holophytochrome B1 (ZmphyB1), showing no detectable affinity for the Pr form. Maize holophytochrome B2 (ZmphyB2) showed no detectable binding affinity for PIFs in either Pr or Pfr forms, but phyB Pfr from Arabidopsis interacted with ZmPIF3.1 similarly to ZmphyB1 Pfr. We conclude that subfunctionalization at the protein-protein interaction level has altered the role of phyB2 relative to that of phyB1 in maize. Since the phyB2 mutant shows photomorphogenic defects, we conclude that maize phyB2 is an active photoreceptor, without the binding of PIF3 seen in other phyB family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Kumar
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kankshita Swaminathan
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Karen Hudson
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Matthew E Hudson
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Li D, Wang X, Zhang X, Chen Q, Xu G, Xu D, Wang C, Liang Y, Wu L, Huang C, Tian J, Wu Y, Tian F. The genetic architecture of leaf number and its genetic relationship to flowering time in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:256-68. [PMID: 26593156 PMCID: PMC5063108 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The number of leaves and their distributions on plants are critical factors determining plant architecture in maize (Zea mays), and leaf number is frequently used as a measure of flowering time, a trait that is key to local environmental adaptation. Here, using a large set of 866 maize-teosinte BC2 S3 recombinant inbred lines genotyped by using 19,838 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we conducted a comprehensive genetic dissection to assess the genetic architecture of leaf number and its genetic relationship to flowering time. We demonstrated that the two components of total leaf number, the number of leaves above (LA) and below (LB) the primary ear, were under relatively independent genetic control and might be subject to differential directional selection during maize domestication and improvement. Furthermore, we revealed that flowering time and leaf number are commonly regulated at a moderate level. The pleiotropy of the genes ZCN8, dlf1 and ZmCCT on leaf number and flowering time were validated by near-isogenic line analysis. Through fine mapping, qLA1-1, a major-effect locus that specifically affects LA, was delimited to a region with severe recombination suppression derived from teosinte. This study provides important insights into the genetic basis of traits affecting plant architecture and adaptation. The genetic independence of LA from LB enables the optimization of leaf number for ideal plant architecture breeding in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Dingyi Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yameng Liang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Lishuan Wu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Cheng Huang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jinge Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Feng Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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Wang H, Wu G, Zhao B, Wang B, Lang Z, Zhang C, Wang H. Regulatory modules controlling early shade avoidance response in maize seedlings. BMC Genomics 2016. [PMID: 27030359 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2593-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimization of shade avoidance response (SAR) is crucial for enhancing crop yield in high-density planting conditions in modern agriculture, but a comprehensive study of the regulatory network of SAR is still lacking in monocot crops. RESULTS In this study, the genome-wide early responses in maize seedlings to the simulated shade (low red/far-red ratio) and also to far-red light treatment were transcriptionally profiled. The two processes were predominantly mediated by phytochrome B and phytochrome A, respectively. Clustering of differentially transcribed genes (DTGs) along with functional enrichment analysis identified important biological processes regulated in response to both treatments. Co-expression network analysis identified two transcription factor modules as potentially pivotal regulators of SAR and de-etiolation, respectively. A comprehensive cross-species comparison of orthologous DTG pairs between maize and Arabidopsis in SAR was also conducted, with emphasis on regulatory circuits controlling accelerated flowering and elongated growth, two physiological hallmarks of SAR. Moreover, it was found that the genome-wide distribution of DTGs in SAR and de-etiolation both biased toward the maize1 subgenome, and this was associated with differential retention of various cis-elements between the two subgenomes. CONCLUSIONS The results provide the first transcriptional picture for the early dynamics of maize phytochrome signaling. Candidate genes with regulatory functions involved in maize shade avoidance response have been identified, offering a starting point for further functional genomics investigation of maize adaptation to heavily shaded field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guangxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhihong Lang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Wang H, Wu G, Zhao B, Wang B, Lang Z, Zhang C, Wang H. Regulatory modules controlling early shade avoidance response in maize seedlings. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:269. [PMID: 27030359 PMCID: PMC4815114 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimization of shade avoidance response (SAR) is crucial for enhancing crop yield in high-density planting conditions in modern agriculture, but a comprehensive study of the regulatory network of SAR is still lacking in monocot crops. Results In this study, the genome-wide early responses in maize seedlings to the simulated shade (low red/far-red ratio) and also to far-red light treatment were transcriptionally profiled. The two processes were predominantly mediated by phytochrome B and phytochrome A, respectively. Clustering of differentially transcribed genes (DTGs) along with functional enrichment analysis identified important biological processes regulated in response to both treatments. Co-expression network analysis identified two transcription factor modules as potentially pivotal regulators of SAR and de-etiolation, respectively. A comprehensive cross-species comparison of orthologous DTG pairs between maize and Arabidopsis in SAR was also conducted, with emphasis on regulatory circuits controlling accelerated flowering and elongated growth, two physiological hallmarks of SAR. Moreover, it was found that the genome-wide distribution of DTGs in SAR and de-etiolation both biased toward the maize1 subgenome, and this was associated with differential retention of various cis-elements between the two subgenomes. Conclusions The results provide the first transcriptional picture for the early dynamics of maize phytochrome signaling. Candidate genes with regulatory functions involved in maize shade avoidance response have been identified, offering a starting point for further functional genomics investigation of maize adaptation to heavily shaded field conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2593-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guangxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhihong Lang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Lee SH, Sakuraba Y, Lee T, Kim KW, An G, Lee HY, Paek NC. Mutation of Oryza sativa CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1b (OsCOI1b) delays leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:562-76. [PMID: 25146897 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) functions in plant development, including senescence and immunity. Arabidopsis thaliana CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 encodes a JA receptor and functions in the JA-responsive signaling pathway. The Arabidopsis genome harbors a single COI gene, but the rice (Oryza sativa) genome harbors three COI homologs, OsCOI1a, OsCOI1b, and OsCOI2. Thus, it remains unclear whether each OsCOI has distinct, additive, synergistic, or redundant functions in development. Here, we use the oscoi1b-1 knockout mutants to show that OsCOI1b mainly affects leaf senescence under senescence-promoting conditions. oscoi1b-1 mutants stayed green during dark-induced and natural senescence, with substantial retention of chlorophylls and photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, several senescence-associated genes were downregulated in oscoi1b-1 mutants, including homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 and ORESARA 1, important regulators of leaf senescence. These results suggest that crosstalk between JA signaling and ethylene signaling affects leaf senescence. The Arabidopsis coi1-1 plants containing 35S:OsCOI1a or 35S:OsCOI1b rescued the delayed leaf senescence during dark incubation, suggesting that both OsCOI1a and OsCOI1b are required for promoting leaf senescence in rice. oscoi1b-1 mutants showed significant decreases in spikelet fertility and grain weight, leading to severe reduction of grain yield, indicating that OsCOI1-mediated JA signaling affects spikelet fertility and grain filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Taeyoung Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-741, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Han Yong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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Pfalz J, Holtzegel U, Barkan A, Weisheit W, Mittag M, Pfannschmidt T. ZmpTAC12 binds single-stranded nucleic acids and is essential for accumulation of the plastid-encoded polymerase complex in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1024-1037. [PMID: 25599833 PMCID: PMC6680207 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP) represents the major transcription machinery in mature chloroplasts. Proteomic studies identified four plastome- and at least ten nuclear-encoded proteins making up this multimeric enzyme. Depletion of single subunits is known to result in strongly diminished PEP activity causing severe defects in chloroplast biogenesis. Here, we characterized one PEP subunit in maize, ZmpTAC12, and investigated the molecular basis underlying PEP-deficiency in Zmptac12 mutants. We show that the ZmpTAC12 gene encodes two different protein isoforms, both of which localize dually in chloroplasts and nuclei. Moreover, both variants assemble into the PEP-complex. Analysis of PEP-complex assembly in various maize mutants lacking different PEP-complex components demonstrates that ZmpTAC12, ZmpTAC2, ZmpTAC10 and ZmMurE are each required to accumulate a fully assembled PEP-complex. Antibodies to ZmpTAC12 coimmunoprecipitate a subset of plastid RNAs that are synthesized by PEP-dependent transcription. Gel mobility shift analyses with recombinant ZmpTAC12 revealed binding capabilities with ssRNA and ssDNA, but not dsDNA. Collectively these data demonstrate that ZmpTAC12 is required for the proper build-up of the PEP-complex and that it interacts with single-stranded nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Pfalz
- Department of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of General Botany and Plant PhysiologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaD‐07743JenaGermany
| | - Ute Holtzegel
- Department of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of General Botany and Plant PhysiologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaD‐07743JenaGermany
| | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular BiologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOR97403USA
| | - Wolfram Weisheit
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of General Botany and Plant PhysiologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaD‐07743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of General Botany and Plant PhysiologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaD‐07743JenaGermany
| | - Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Department of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of General Botany and Plant PhysiologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaD‐07743JenaGermany
- University Grenoble‐AlpesF‐38000GrenobleFrance
- CNRSUMR5168F‐38054GrenobleFrance
- CEAiRTSVLaboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & VégétaleF‐38054GrenobleFrance
- INRAUSC1359F‐38054GrenobleFrance
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Song MF, Zhang S, Hou P, Shang HZ, Gu HK, Li JJ, Xiao Y, Guo L, Su L, Gao JW, Yang JP. Ectopic expression of a phytochrome B gene from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) in Arabidopsis thaliana promotes seedling de-etiolation, dwarfing in mature plants, and delayed flowering. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 87:633-43. [PMID: 25724426 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB) is an essential red light receptor that predominantly mediates seedling de-etiolation, shade-avoidance response, and flowering time. In this study, we isolate a full-length cDNA of PHYB, designated BrPHYB, from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), and we find that BrphyB protein has high amino acid sequence similarity and the closest evolutionary relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana phyB (i.e., AtphyB). Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR results indicate that the BrPHYB gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues under all light conditions. Constitutive expression of the BrPHYB gene in A. thaliana significantly enhances seedling de-etiolation under red- and white-light conditions, and causes dwarf stature in mature plants. Unexpectedly, overexpression of BrPHYB in transgenic A. thaliana resulted in reduced expression of gibberellins biosynthesis genes and delayed flowering under short-day conditions, whereas AtPHYB overexpression caused enhanced expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T and earlier flowering. Our results suggest that BrphyB might play an important role in regulating the development of Chinese cabbage. BrphyB and AtphyB have conserved functions during de-etiolation and vegetative plant growth and divergent functions in the regulation of flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Song
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
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Circadian rhythms of hydraulic conductance and growth are enhanced by drought and improve plant performance. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5365. [PMID: 25370944 PMCID: PMC4241992 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms enable plants to anticipate daily environmental variations, resulting in growth oscillations under continuous light. Because plants daily transpire up to 200% of their water content, their water status oscillates from favourable during the night to unfavourable during the day. We show that rhythmic leaf growth under continuous light is observed in plants that experience large alternations of water status during an entrainment period, but is considerably buffered otherwise. Measurements and computer simulations show that this is due to oscillations of plant hydraulic conductance and plasma membrane aquaporin messenger RNA abundance in roots during continuous light. A simulation model suggests that circadian oscillations of root hydraulic conductance contribute to acclimation to water stress by increasing root water uptake, thereby favouring growth and photosynthesis. They have a negative effect in favourable hydraulic conditions. Climate-driven control of root hydraulic conductance therefore improves plant performances in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Circadian rhythms allow plants to respond to diurnal fluctuations in the environment. Here Caldeira et al. find that circadian control of hydraulic conductance, aquaporin expression and leaf growth are entrained by oscillations of plant water status and promote water uptake in drought-stressed plants.
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