1
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Kim I, Do H, Park ME, Kim HU. Multiple transcription factors of Arabidopsis thaliana that are activated by LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 regulate triacylglycerol biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:604-616. [PMID: 38594953 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant triacylglycerols (TAG) are used in food and various industrial feedstocks. LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2), a master positive regulator of TAG biosynthesis, regulates a complex network of transcription factors (TFs) during seed development. Aside from WRINKLED1 (WRI1), the TFs regulated by LEC2 related to TAG biosynthesis have not yet been identified. Previously, we identified 25 seed-expressing TFs that were upregulated in Arabidopsis leaves that overexpressed senescence-induced LEC2. In this study, each of the 25 TFs was transiently expressed in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana to identify unknown TFs that regulate TAG biosynthesis. The TAG content of the transformed leaves was analyzed using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. We observed that five TFs, ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSIVE REGULATOR 21 (ARR21), AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 6 (AIL6), APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR 55 (ERF55), WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 8 (WRKY8), and ARABIDOPSIS NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 38 (ANAC038) increased TAG synthesis in the leaves. Among these, the promoters of AIL6, ERF55, WRKY8, and ANAC038 contain RY motifs, which are LEC2-binding sites activated by LEC2. AIL6 overexpression in Arabidopsis increased the total fatty acid (FA) content in seeds and altered the FA composition, with increases in 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 and decreases in 18:0, 18:3, and 20:1 compared with those in the wild type (WT). AIL6 overexpression activates several FA and TAG biosynthesis genes. Therefore, our study successfully identified several new TFs regulated by LEC2 in TAG biosynthesis and showed that AIL6 increased the TAG content in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Do
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
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2
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Neumann N, Harman M, Kuhlman A, Durrett TP. Arabidopsis diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 mutants require fatty acid desaturation for normal seed development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38762880 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the major enzyme that synthesizes triacylglycerols (TAG) during Arabidopsis seed development. Mutant dgat1 seeds possess low oil content in addition to a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition. Two genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum localized desaturase enzymes, fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) and fatty acid desaturase3 (FAD3), were upregulated in both dgat1-1 and dgat1-2 developing seeds. Crosses between both dgat1 mutant alleles and fad2-1 failed to generate plants homozygous for both dgat1 and fad2. Reciprocal crosses with wild-type plants demonstrated that both male and female dgat1 fad2 gametophytes were viable. Siliques from DGAT1/dgat1-1 fad2-1/fad2-1 and dgat1-1/dgat1-1 FAD2/fad2-1 possessed abnormal looking seeds that were arrested in the torpedo growth stage. Approximately 25% of the seeds exhibited this arrested phenotype, genetically consistent with them possessing the double homozygous dgat1 fad2 genotype. In contrast, double homozygous dgat1-1 fad3-2 mutant plants were viable. Seeds from these plants possessed higher levels of 18:2 while their fatty acid content was lower than dgat1 mutant controls. The results are consistent with a model where in the absence of DGAT1 activity, desaturation of fatty acids by FAD2 becomes essential to provide PUFA substrates for phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) to synthesize TAG. In a dgat1 fad2 mutant, seed development is aborted because TAG is unable to be synthesized by either DGAT1 or PDAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Neumann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 65506, USA
| | - Maxwell Harman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 65506, USA
| | - Andrea Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 65506, USA
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 65506, USA
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3
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Nie J, Ma W, Ma X, Zhu D, Li X, Wang C, Xu G, Chen C, Luo D, Xie S, Hu G, Chen P. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal the Dynamic Process of Bama Hemp Seed Development and the Accumulation Mechanism of α-Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10862-10878. [PMID: 38712687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Bama County is a world-famous longevity county in the Guangxi Province, China. Bama hemp is a traditional seed used in hemp cultivation in the Bama County. The seeds contain abundant unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid in the golden ratio. These two substances have been proven to be related to human health and the prevention of various diseases. However, the seed development and seed oil accumulation mechanisms remain unclear. This study employed a combined analysis of physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic parameters to elucidate the fatty acid formation patterns in Bama hemp seeds throughout development. We found that seed oil accumulated at a late stage in embryo development, with seed oil accumulation following an "S″-shaped growth curve, and positively correlated with seed size, sugar content, protein content, and starch content. Transcriptome analysis identified genes related to the metabolism of LA, α-linolenic acid (ALA), and jasmonic acid (JA). We found that the FAD2 gene was upregulated 165.26 folds and the FAD3 gene was downregulated 6.15 folds at day 21. Metabolomic changes in LA, ALA, and JA compounds suggested a competitive relationship among these substances. Our findings indicate that the peak period of substance accumulation and nutrient accumulation in Bama hemp seeds occurs during the midstage of seed development (day 21) rather than in the late stage (day 40). The results of this research will provide a theoretical basis for local cultivation and deep processing of Bama hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Nie
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Ma
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - De Zhu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Caijin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Canni Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Sichen Xie
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
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4
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Parchuri P, Bhandari S, Azeez A, Chen G, Johnson K, Shockey J, Smertenko A, Bates PD. Identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid containing oils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3547. [PMID: 38670976 PMCID: PMC11053099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical plant membranes and storage lipids are comprised of five common fatty acids yet over 450 unusual fatty acids accumulate in seed oils of various plant species. Plant oils are important human and animal nutrients, while some unusual fatty acids such as hydroxylated fatty acids (HFA) are used in the chemical industry (lubricants, paints, polymers, cosmetics, etc.). Most unusual fatty acids are extracted from non-agronomic crops leading to high production costs. Attempts to engineer HFA into crops are unsuccessful due to bottlenecks in the overlapping pathways of oil and membrane lipid synthesis where HFA are not compatible. Physaria fendleri naturally overcomes these bottlenecks through a triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling mechanism where HFA are incorporated into TAG after initial synthesis. TAG remodeling involves a unique TAG lipase and two diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) that are selective for different stereochemical and acyl-containing species of diacylglycerol within a synthesis, partial degradation, and resynthesis cycle. The TAG lipase interacts with DGAT1, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (with the DGATs) and to puncta around the lipid droplet, likely forming a TAG remodeling metabolon near the lipid droplet-ER junction. Each characterized DGAT and TAG lipase can increase HFA accumulation in engineered seed oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Parchuri
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Sajina Bhandari
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Abdul Azeez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Grace Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Kumiko Johnson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, 70124, LA, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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5
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Jing F, Chen K, Yandeau-Nelson MD, Nikolau BJ. Machine learning model of the catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity of acyl-ACP thioesterase variants generated from natural and in vitro directed evolution. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1379121. [PMID: 38665811 PMCID: PMC11043601 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1379121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulating the catalytic activity of acyl-ACP thioesterase (TE) is an important biotechnological target for effectively increasing flux and diversifying products of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. In this study, a directed evolution approach was developed to improve the fatty acid titer and fatty acid diversity produced by E. coli strains expressing variant acyl-ACP TEs. A single round of in vitro directed evolution, coupled with a high-throughput colorimetric screen, identified 26 novel acyl-ACP TE variants that convey up to a 10-fold increase in fatty acid titer, and generate altered fatty acid profiles when expressed in a bacterial host strain. These in vitro-generated variant acyl-ACP TEs, in combination with 31 previously characterized natural variants isolated from diverse phylogenetic origins, were analyzed with a random forest classifier machine learning tool. The resulting quantitative model identified 22 amino acid residues, which define important structural features that determine the catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity of acyl-ACP TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Jing
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Keting Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Marna D. Yandeau-Nelson
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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6
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Wang Y, Yan J, Yang M, Zou J, Zheng Y, Li D. EgMADS3 directly regulates EgLPAAT to mediate medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) anabolism in the mesocarp of oil palm. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:107. [PMID: 38558250 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE EgMADS3, a pivotal transcription factor, positively regulates MCFA accumulation via binding to the EgLPAAT promoter, advancing lipid content in mesocarp of oil palm. Lipids function as the structural components of cell membranes, which serve as permeable barriers to the external environment of cells. The medium-chain fatty acid in the stored lipids of plants is an important renewable energy. Most research on MCFA production in plant lipid synthesis is based on biochemical methods, and the importance of transcriptional regulation in MCFA synthesis and its incorporation into TAGs needs further research. Oil palm is the most productive oil crop in the world and has the highest productivity among the main oil crops. In this study, the MADS transcription factor (EgMADS3) in the mesocarp of oil palm was characterized. Through the VIGS-virus induced gene silencing, it was determined that the potential target gene of EgMADS3 was related to the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). Transient transformation in protoplasts and qRT-PCR analysis showed that EgMADS3 positively regulated the expression of EgLPAAT. The results of the yeast one-hybrid assays and EMSA indicated the interaction between EgMADS3 and EgLPAAT promoter. Through genetic transformation and fatty acid analysis, it is concluded that EgMADS3 directly regulates the mid-chain fatty acid synthesis pathway of the potential target gene EgLPAAT, thus promotes the accumulation of MCFA and improves the total lipid content. This study is innovative in the functional analysis of the MADS family transcription factor in the metabolism of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) of oil palm, provides a certain research basis for improving the metabolic pathway of chain fatty acids in oil palm, and improves the synthesis of MCFA in plants. Our results will provide a reference direction for further research on improving the oil quality through biotechnology of oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jinqi Yan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | | | - Jixin Zou
- Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yusheng Zheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.
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7
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Pavlovic T, Margarit E, Müller GL, Saenz E, Ruzzo AI, Drincovich MF, Borrás L, Saigo M, Wheeler MCG. Differential metabolic reprogramming in developing soybean embryos in response to nutritional conditions and abscisic acid. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:89-103. [PMID: 37702897 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage compound deposition is influenced by both maternal and filial tissues. Within this framework, we analyzed strategies that operate during the development and filling of soybean embryos, using in vitro culture systems combined with metabolomics and proteomics approaches. The carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) of the maternal supply and the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are specific and interacting signals inducing differential metabolic reprogrammings linked to changes in the accumulation of storage macromolecules like proteins or oils. Differences in the abundance of sugars, amino acids, enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, and proteins involved in signaling were detected. Embryos adapted to the nutritional status by enhancing the metabolism of both carbon and nitrogen under lower C:N ratio condition or only carbon under higher C:N ratio condition. ABA turned off multiple pathways especially in high availability of amino acids, prioritizing the storage compounds biosynthesis. Common responses induced by ABA involved increased sucrose uptake (to increase the sink force) and oleosin (oil body structural component) accumulation. In turn, ABA differentially promoted protein degradation under lower nitrogen supply in order to sustain the metabolic demands. Further, the operation of a citrate shuttle was suggested by transcript quantification and enzymatic activity measurements. The results obtained are useful to help define biotechnological tools and technological approaches to improve oil and protein yields, with direct impact on human and animal nutrition as well as in green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Leticia Müller
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Saenz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Iván Ruzzo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucas Borrás
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Si X, Lyu S, Hussain Q, Ye H, Huang C, Li Y, Huang J, Chen J, Wang K. Analysis of Delta(9) fatty acid desaturase gene family and their role in oleic acid accumulation in Carya cathayensis kernel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193063. [PMID: 37771493 PMCID: PMC10523321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carya cathayensis, commonly referred to as Chinese hickory, produces nuts that contain high-quality edible oils, particularly oleic acid (18:1). It is known that stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) is the first key step converting stearic acid (C18:0, SA) to oleic acid (C18:1, OA) in the aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic pathway and play an important role in OA accumulation. Thus far, there is little information about SAD gene family in C. cathayensis and the role of individual members in OA accumulation. This study searched the Chinese Hickory Genome Database and identified five members of SAD genes, designated as CcSADs, at the whole genome level through the comparison with the homologous genes from Arabidopsis. RNA-Seq analysis showed that CcSSI2-1, CcSSI2-2, and CcSAD6 were highly expressed in kernels. The expression pattern of CcSADs was significantly correlated with fatty acid accumulation during the kernel development. In addition, five full-length cDNAs encoding SADs were isolated from the developing kernel of C. cathayensis. CcSADs-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct was infiltrated into tobacco epidermal cells, and results indicated their chloroplast localization. The catalytic function of these CcSADs was further analyzed by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Nicotiana benthamiana, and walnut. Functional analysis demonstrated that all CcSADs had fatty acid desaturase activity to catalyze oleic acid biosynthesis. Some members of CcSADs also have strong substrate specificity for 16:0-ACP to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1, PA). Our study documented SAD gene family in C. cathayensis and the role of CcSSI2-1, CcSSI2-2, and CcSAD6 in OA accumulation, which could be important for future improvement of OA content in this species via genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiheng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Chen H, Guo Y, Chen X, Dawadunzhu, Liu T, Zhang Y, Chen W, Feng M. Fluorescence Lifetime of Chlorophyll α in Oxidized Edible Vegetable Oil. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03415-9. [PMID: 37646873 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
To promote the application of time-resolved fluorescence in oxidation determination of edible vegetable oil, fluorescence lifetime of chlorophyll α in oxidized edible vegetable oils was recorded and analyzed by simulated microenvironment experiments and spectral methods. It was showed that fluorescence lifetime of chlorophyll α decreased with the increase of polarity in the early stage of oxidation, and increased with the increase of viscosity in the later stage of oxidation. Conjugation effect and hydrogen bonding existed in the microenvironment of oxidized edible vegetable oil were considered to be the factors leading to the increase of fluorescence lifetime. The change mechanism of fluorescence lifetime in oxidized edible vegetable oil was supplied, which was considered to be strong support for the application of time-resolved fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yunhao Guo
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Chen
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dawadunzhu
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- School of Software Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiqin Feng
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Amir R, Martínez-Force E, Shi J, Alonso AP. Editorial: Metabolic architecture of developing seeds and grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258353. [PMID: 37615018 PMCID: PMC10443588 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Amir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Galilee Research Institute (MIGAL), Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la GRASA-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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11
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Mercola J, D'Adamo CR. Linoleic Acid: A Narrative Review of the Effects of Increased Intake in the Standard American Diet and Associations with Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3129. [PMID: 37513547 PMCID: PMC10386285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intake of linoleic acid (LA) has increased dramatically in the standard American diet. LA is generally promoted as supporting human health, but there exists controversy regarding whether the amount of LA currently consumed in the standard American diet supports human health. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie the hypothesis that excessive LA intake may harm human health. While LA is considered to be an essential fatty acid and support health when consumed in modest amounts, an excessive intake of LA leads to the formation of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs), impairments in mitochondrial function through suboptimal cardiolipin composition, and likely contributes to many chronic diseases that became an epidemic in the 20th century, and whose prevalence continues to increase. The standard American diet comprises 14 to 25 times more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids, with the majority of omega-6 intake coming from LA. As LA consumption increases, the potential for OXLAM formation also increases. OXLAMs have been associated with various illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, among others. Lowering dietary LA intake can help reduce the production and accumulation of OXLAMs implicated in chronic diseases. While there are other problematic components in the standard American diet, the half-life of LA is approximately two years, which means the damage can be far more persistent than other dietary factors, and the impact of reducing excessive LA intake takes time. Therefore, additional research-evaluating approaches to reduce OXLAM formation and cardiolipin derangements following LA consumption are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mercola
- Natural Health Partners, LLC, 125 SW 3rd Place, Cape Coral, FL 33991, USA
| | - Christopher R D'Adamo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Gong H, Cui X, Gao C, Li N, Pu Y, Zhang X, Zhao J. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of lipid biosynthesis and accumulation during seed development in sesame. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1211040. [PMID: 37426956 PMCID: PMC10325577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops and attracts significant attention because of its huge nutritional capacity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oil accumulation in sesame remains poorly understood. In this study, lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses in different stages of sesame seed (Luzhi No.1, seed oil content 56%) development were performed to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that govern differences in lipid composition, content, biosynthesis, and transport. In total, 481 lipids, including fatty acids (FAs, 38 species), triacylglycerol (TAG, 127 species), ceramide (33 species), phosphatidic acid (20 species), and diacylglycerol (17 species), were detected in developing sesame seed using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most FAs and other lipids accumulated 21-33 days after flowering. RNA-sequence profiling in developing seed highlighted the enhanced expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of FAs, TAGs, and membrane lipids, which was similar to that seen during lipid accumulation. Through the differential expression analysis of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism during seed development, several candidate genes were found to affect the oil content and FA composition of sesame seed, including ACCase, FAD2, DGAT, G3PDH, PEPCase, WRI1 and WRI1-like genes. Our study reveals the patterns of lipid accumulation and biosynthesis-related gene expression and lays an important foundation for the further exploration of sesame seed lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huihui Gong
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxiao Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhua Gao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Pu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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13
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Guo L, Chao H, Yin Y, Li H, Wang H, Zhao W, Hou D, Zhang L, Zhang C, Li M. New insight into the genetic basis of oil content based on noninvasive three-dimensional phenotyping and tissue-specific transcriptome in Brassica napus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:88. [PMID: 37221547 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing seed oil content is the most important breeding goal in Brassica napus, and phenotyping is crucial to dissect its genetic basis in crops. To date, QTL mapping for oil content has been based on whole seeds, and the lipid distribution is far from uniform in different tissues of seeds in B. napus. In this case, the phenotype based on whole seeds was unable to sufficiently reveal the complex genetic characteristics of seed oil content. RESULTS Here, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of lipid was determined for B. napus seeds by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D quantitative analysis, and ten novel oil content-related traits were obtained by subdividing the seeds. Based on a high-density genetic linkage map, 35 QTLs were identified for 4 tissues, the outer cotyledon (OC), inner cotyledon (IC), radicle (R) and seed coat (SC), which explained up to 13.76% of the phenotypic variation. Notably, 14 tissue-specific QTLs were reported for the first time, 7 of which were novel. Moreover, haplotype analysis showed that the favorable alleles for different seed tissues exhibited cumulative effects on oil content. Furthermore, tissue-specific transcriptomes revealed that more active energy and pyruvate metabolism influenced carbon flow in the IC, OC and R than in the SC at the early and middle seed development stages, thus affecting the distribution difference in oil content. Combining tissue-specific QTL mapping and transcriptomics, 86 important candidate genes associated with lipid metabolism were identified that underlie 19 unique QTLs, including the fatty acid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme-related gene CAC2, in the QTLs for OC and IC. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides further insight into the genetic basis of seed oil content at the tissue-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxing Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huaixin Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dalin Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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14
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Kim S, Lee KR, Suh MC. Ectopic Expression of Perilla frutescens WRI1 Enhanced Storage Oil Accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1081. [PMID: 36903941 PMCID: PMC10005204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are indispensable in human and animal diets and have been widely used for the production of detergents, lubricants, cosmetics, and biofuels. The seeds of an allotetraploid Perilla frutescens contain approximately 35 to 40% oils with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). WRINKELD1 (WRI1) encoding an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor is known to upregulate the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis and TAG assembly. In this study, two WRI1 isoforms, PfWRI1A, and PfWRI1B were isolated from Perilla and predominantly expressed in developing Perilla seeds. The fluorescent signals from PfWRI1A:eYFP and PfWRI1B:eYFP driven by the CaMV 35S promoter were detected in the nucleus of the Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermis. Ectopic expression of each of PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B increased the levels of TAG by approximately 2.9- and 2.7-fold in N. benthamiana leaves and particularly, the enhanced levels (mol%) of C18:2, and C18:3 in the TAGs were prominent with the concomitant reduction in the amounts of saturated fatty acids. The expression levels of NbPl-PKβ1, NbKAS1, and NbFATA, which were known to be target genes of WRI1, significantly increased in tobacco leaves overexpressing PfWRI1A or PfWRI1B. Therefore, newly characterized PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B can be potentially useful for the enhanced accumulation of storage oils with increased PUFAs in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lin Z, Chen F, Wang H, Hu J, Shi L, Zhang Z, Xiu Y, Lin S. Evaluation of oil accumulation and biodiesel property of Lindera glauca fruits among different germplasms and revelation of high oil producing mechanism for developing biodiesel. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 36698212 PMCID: PMC9878744 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lindera glauca with rich resource and fruit oil has emerged as novel source of biodiesel in China, but different germplasms show a variation for fruit oil content and FA profile. To develop L. glauca fruit oils as biodiesel, a concurrent exploration of oil content, FA composition, biodiesel yield, fuel property and prediction model construction was conducted on the fruits from 8 plus germplasms to select superior genotype for ideal biodiesel production. Another vital focus was to highlight mechanism that govern the differences in oil content and FA profile of different germplasms. The cross-accessions comparisons associated with oil-synthesized gene transcriptional level and oil accumulative amount led to the identification of potential determinants (enzymes, transporters or transcription factors) and regulatory mechanisms responsible for high-quality oil accumulation. RESULTS To select superior germplasm and unravel regulatory mechanism of high oil production for developing L. glauca fruit oils as biodiesel, 8 plus trees (accession LG01/02/03/04/05/06/07/08) with high-yield fruits were selected to evaluate the differences in oil content, FA profile, biodiesel yield and fuel property, and to construct fuel property prediction model, revealing a variation in the levels of fruit oil (45.12-60.95%), monounsaturated FA (52.43-78.46%) and polyunsaturated FA (17.69-38.73%), and biodiesel yield (80.12-98.71%) across different accessions. Of note, LG06 had a maximum yield of oil (60.95%) and biodiesel (98.71%), and ideal proportions of C18:1 (77.89%), C18:2 (14.16%) and C18:3 (1.55%), indicating that fruit oils from accession LG06 was the most suitable for high-quality biodiesel production. To highlight molecular mechanism that govern such differences in oil content and FA composition of different accessions, the quantitative relationship between oil-synthesized gene transcription and oil accumulative amount were conducted on different accessions to identify some vital determinants (enzymes, transporters or transcription factors) with a model of carbon metabolic regulatory for high-quality oil accumulation by an integrated analysis of our recent transcriptome data and qRT-PCR detection. Our findings may present strategies for developing L. glauca fruit oils as biodiesel feedstock and engineering its oil accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the cross-accessions evaluations of L. glauca fruit oils to determine ideal accession for producing ideal biodiesel, and the associations of oil accumulative amount with oil-synthesized gene transcription was performed to identify some crucial determinants (enzymes, transporters or transcription factors) with metabolic regulation model established for governing high oil production. Our finding may provide molecular basis for new strategies of developing biodiesel resource and engineering oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Feng Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101300 China
| | - Jinhe Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yu Xiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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16
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Zhu K, Li N, Zheng X, Sarwar R, Li Y, Cao J, Wang Z, Tan X. Overexpression the BnLACS9 could increase the chlorophyll and oil content in Brassica napus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 36609294 PMCID: PMC9825004 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorophyll is a very important pigment involved in photosynthesis, while plant acyl-CoA biosynthesis is derived from plastid-localized fatty acids (FAs). Until now, the regulation of the acyl-CoA pathway for chlorophyll biosynthesis is still unknown. RESULTS Here, we identified a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) gene BnLACS9 from Brassica napus. BnLACS9 complemented a LACS-deficient yeast strain YB525, which indicated that BnLACS9 has the LACS function. BnLACS9 was localized in the chloroplast envelope membrane, while mainly expressed in young leaves and flowers. Overexpression of BnLACS9 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an increase in total CoA and MGDG content. In B. napus with overexpression of BnLACS9, the number of chloroplast grana lamellae and the chlorophyll content, as well as the MGDG and DGDG contents, increased compared to wild type. The net photosynthetic rate, dry weight of the entire plant and oil content of seeds increased significantly, accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll content. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of BnLACS9 improved the pathway of acyl-CoA biosynthesis and further improved the enzymes in the glycolipid synthesis pathway, while acyl-CoA was the substrate for glycolipid synthesis. The increased glycolipids, especially MGDG and DGDG, accelerated the formation of the chloroplast grana lamellae, which increased the number of chloroplast thylakoid grana lamella and further lead to increased chlorophyll content. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we demonstrated that BnLACS9 played a crucial role in glycolipids and chlorophyll biosynthesis in B. napus. The results also provide a new direction and theoretical basis for the improvement of the agronomic traits of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Zhu
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nannan Li
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Chongqing Key Lab of Bioresource for Energy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rehman Sarwar
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yulong Li
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Cao
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Kalinger RS, Rowland O. Determinants of substrate specificity in a catalytically diverse family of acyl-ACP thioesterases from plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36588156 PMCID: PMC9806908 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACYL-LIPID THIOESTERASES (ALTs) are a subclass of plastid-localized, fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase enzymes from plants. They belong to the single hot dog-fold protein family. ALT enzymes generate medium-chain (C6-C14) and C16 fatty acids, methylketone precursors (β-keto fatty acids), and 3-hydroxy fatty acids when expressed heterologously in E. coli. The diverse substrate chain-length and oxidation state preferences of ALTs set them apart from other plant acyl-ACP thioesterases, and ALTs show promise as metabolic engineering tools to produce high-value medium-chain fatty acids and methylketones in bacterial or plant systems. Here, we used a targeted motif-swapping approach to explore connections between ALT protein sequence and substrate specificity. Guided by comparative motif searches and computational modelling, we exchanged regions of amino acid sequence between ALT-type thioesterases from Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula, and Zea mays to create chimeric ALT proteins. RESULTS Comparing the activity profiles of chimeric ALTs in E. coli to their wild-type counterparts led to the identification of interacting regions within the thioesterase domain that shape substrate specificity and enzyme activity. Notably, the presence of a 31-CQH[G/C]RH-36 motif on the central α-helix was shown to shift chain-length specificity towards 12-14 carbon chains, and to be a core determinant of substrate specificity in ALT-type thioesterases with preference for 12-14 carbon 3-hydroxyacyl- and β-ketoacyl-ACP substrates. For an ALT containing this motif to be functional, an additional 108-KXXA-111 motif and compatible sequence spanning aa77-93 of the surrounding β-sheet must also be present, demonstrating that interactions between residues in these regions of the catalytic domain are critical to thioesterase activity. The behaviour of chimeric enzymes in E. coli also indicated that aa77-93 play a significant role in dictating whether an ALT will prefer ≤10-carbon or ≥ 12-carbon acyl chain-lengths, and aa91-96 influence selectivity for substrates of fully or partially reduced oxidation states. Additionally, aa64-67 on the hot dog-fold β-sheet were shown to be important for enabling an ALT to act on 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-ACP substrates. CONCLUSIONS By revealing connections between thioesterase sequence and substrate specificity, this study is an advancement towards engineering recombinant ALTs with product profiles suited for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Kalinger
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Owen Rowland
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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18
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Cai Y, Yu XH, Shanklin J. A toolkit for plant lipid engineering: Surveying the efficacies of lipogenic factors for accumulating specialty lipids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064176. [PMID: 36589075 PMCID: PMC9795026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce energy-dense lipids from carbohydrates using energy acquired via photosynthesis, making plant oils an economically and sustainably attractive feedstock for conversion to biofuels and value-added bioproducts. A growing number of strategies have been developed and optimized in model plants, oilseed crops and high-biomass crops to enhance the accumulation of storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) for bioenergy applications and to produce specialty lipids with increased uses and value for chemical feedstock and nutritional applications. Most successful metabolic engineering strategies involve heterologous expression of lipogenic factors that outperform those from other sources or exhibit specialized functionality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in engineering the accumulation of triacylglycerols containing - specialized fatty acids in various plant species and tissues. We also provide an inventory of specific lipogenic factors (including accession numbers) derived from a wide variety of organisms, along with their reported efficacy in supporting the accumulation of desired lipids. A review of previously obtained results serves as a foundation to guide future efforts to optimize combinations of factors to achieve further enhancements to the production and accumulation of desired lipids in a variety of plant tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Cai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
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19
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Yin Y, Raboanatahiry N, Chen K, Chen X, Tian T, Jia J, He H, He J, Guo Z, Yu L, Li M. Class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 from Camelina sativa promotes very long-chain fatty acids accumulation in phospholipid and triacylglycerol. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1141-1158. [PMID: 36209492 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important industrial raw materials and can be produced by genetically modified oil plants. For a long time, class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) was considered unable to promote the accumulation of VLCFA in oil crops. The bottlenecks that the transgenic high VLCFA lines have an oil content penalty and the low amount of VLCFA in phosphatidylcholine remains intractable. In the present study, a class A LPAT2 from Camelina sativa (CsaLPAT2) promoting VLCFAs accumulation in phospholipid was found. Overexpression of CsaLPAT2 alone in Arabidopsis seeds significantly increased the VLCFA content in triacylglycerol, including C20:0, C20:2, C20:3, C22:0, and C22:1. The proportion of phosphatidic acid molecules containing VLCFAs in transgenic seeds reached up to 45%, which was 2.8-fold greater than that in wild type. The proportion of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol molecules containing VLCFAs also increased significantly. Seed size in CsaLPAT2 transgenic lines showed a slight increase without an oil content penalty. The total phospholipid content in the seed of the CsaLPAT2 transgenic line was significantly increased. Furthermore, the function of class A LPAT in promoting the accumulation of VLCFAs is conserved in the representative oil crops of Brassicaceae, such as C. sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea. The findings of this study provide a promising gene resource for the production of VLCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nadia Raboanatahiry
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongsheng He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjie He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenyi Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Sun Y, Liu B, Xue J, Wang X, Cui H, Li R, Jia X. Critical metabolic pathways and genes cooperate for epoxy fatty acid-enriched oil production in developing seeds of Vernonia galamensis, an industrial oleaginous plant. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35216635 PMCID: PMC8881847 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Vernonia galamensis native to Africa is an annual oleaginous plant of Asteraceae family. As a newly established industrial oil crop, this plant produces high level (> 70%) of vernolic acid (cis-12-epoxyoctadeca-cis-9-enoic acid), which is an unusual epoxy fatty acid (EFA) with multiple industrial applications. Here, transcriptome analysis and fatty acid profiling from developing V. galamensis seeds were integrated to uncover the critical metabolic pathways responsible for high EFA accumulation, aiming to identify the target genes that could be used in the biotechnological production of high-value oils. Results Based on oil accumulation dynamics of V. galamensis seeds, we harvested seed samples from three stages (17, 38, and 45 days after pollination, DAP) representing the initial, fast and final EFA accumulation phases, and one mixed sample from different tissues for RNA-sequencing, with three biological replicates for each sample. Using Illumina platform, we have generated a total of 265 million raw cDNA reads. After filtering process, de novo assembly of clean reads yielded 67,114 unigenes with an N50 length of 1316 nt. Functional annotation resulted in the identification of almost all genes involved in diverse lipid-metabolic pathways, including the novel fatty acid desaturase/epoxygenase, diacylglycerol acyltransferases, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases. Expression profiling revealed that various genes associated with acyl editing, fatty acid β-oxidation, triacylglycerol assembly and oil-body formation had greater expression levels at middle developmental stage (38 DAP), which were consistent with the fast accumulation of EFA in V. galamensis developing seed, these genes were detected to play fundamental roles in EFA production. In addition, we isolated some transcription factors (such as WRI1, FUS3 and ABI4), which putatively regulated the production of V. galamensis seed oils. The transient expression of the selected genes resulted in a synergistic increase of EFA-enriched TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves. Transcriptome data were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR for twelve key genes in EFA biosynthesis. Finally, a comprehensive network for high EFA accumulation in V. galamensis seed was established. Conclusions Our findings provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the natural epoxy oil production in V. galamensis. A set of genes identified here could be used as the targets to develop other oilseeds highly accumulating valued epoxy oils for commercial production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02120-2.
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Romsdahl TB, Cocuron JC, Pearson MJ, Alonso AP, Chapman KD. A lipidomics platform to analyze the fatty acid compositions of non-polar and polar lipid molecular species from plant tissues: Examples from developing seeds and seedlings of pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1038161. [PMID: 36438089 PMCID: PMC9682148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lipidome comprises the total content of molecular species of each lipid class, and is measured using the analytical techniques of lipidomics. Many liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods have previously been described to characterize the lipidome. However, many lipidomic approaches may not fully uncover the subtleties of lipid molecular species, such as the full fatty acid (FA) composition of certain lipid classes. Here, we describe a stepwise targeted lipidomics approach to characterize the polar and non-polar lipid classes using complementary LC-MS methods. Our "polar" method measures 260 molecular species across 12 polar lipid classes, and is performed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) on a NH2 column to separate lipid classes by their headgroup. Our "non-polar" method measures 254 molecular species across three non-polar lipid classes, separating molecular species on their FA characteristics by reverse phase (RP) chromatography on a C30 column. Five different extraction methods were compared, with an MTBE-based extraction chosen for the final lipidomics workflow. A state-of-the-art strategy to determine and relatively quantify the FA composition of triacylglycerols is also described. This lipidomics workflow was applied to developing, mature, and germinated pennycress seeds/seedlings and found unexpected changes among several lipid molecular species. During development, diacylglycerols predominantly contained long chain length FAs, which contrasted with the very long chain FAs of triacylglycerols in mature seeds. Potential metabolic explanations are discussed. The lack of very long chain fatty acids in diacylglycerols of germinating seeds may indicate very long chain FAs, such as erucic acid, are preferentially channeled into beta-oxidation for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Romsdahl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Li W, Wang L, Qi Y, Xie Y, Zhao W, Dang Z, Zhang J. Overexpression of WRINKLED1 improves the weight and oil content in seeds of flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003758. [PMID: 36247608 PMCID: PMC9562325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) are highly rich in both oil and linolenic acid (LIN). It is crucial for flax agricultural production to identify positive regulators of fatty acid biosynthesis. In this study, we find that WRINKLED1 transcription factors play important positive roles during flax seed oil accumulation. Two WRINKLED1 genes, LuWRI1a and LuWRI1b, were cloned from flax, and LuWRI1a was found be expressed predominantly in developing seeds during maturation. Overexpression of LuWRI1a increased seed size, weight, and oil content in Arabidopsis and increased seed storage oil content in transgenic flax without affecting seed production or seed oil quality. The rise in oil content in transgenic flax seeds was primarily attributable to the increase in seed weight, according to a correlational analysis. Furthermore, overexpression or interference of LuWRI1a upregulated the expression of genes in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and LAFL genes, and the expression level of WRI1 was highly significantly positively associated between L1L, LEC1, and BCCP2. Our findings give a theoretical scientific foundation for the future application of genetic engineering to enhance the oil content of plant seeds.
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23
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Xu S, Zhang Y, Liu G, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Ghaderi Zefrehei M, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Fatty acid Desaturase Gene Family in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911109. [PMID: 36232411 PMCID: PMC9570219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate carbon–carbon single bonds to form carbon–carbon double bonds in acyl chains, leading to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that have vital roles in plant growth and development and their response to environmental stresses. In this study, a total of 23 Populus trichocarpaFAD (PtFAD) candidates were identified from the poplar genome and clustered into seven clades, including FAB2, FAD2, FAD3/7/8, FAD5, FAD6, DSD, and SLD. The exon–intron compositions and conserved motifs of the PtFADs, clustered into the same clade, were considerably conserved. It was found that segmental duplication events are predominantly attributable to the PtFAD gene family expansion. Several hormone- and stress-responsive elements in the PtFAD promoters implied that the expression of the PtFAD members was complicatedly regulated. A gene expression pattern analysis revealed that some PtFAD mRNA levels were significantly induced by abiotic stress. An interaction proteins and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the PtFADs are closely associated with the UFAs biosynthesis. In addition, the UFA contents in poplars were significantly changed under drought and salt stresses, especially the ratio of linoleic and linolenic acids. The integration of the PtFAD expression patterns and UFA contents showed that the abiotic stress-induced PtFAD3/7/8 members mediating the conversion of linoleic and linolenic acids play vital roles in response to osmotic stress. This study highlights the profiles and functions of the PtFADs and identifies some valuable genes for forest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Songzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7916193145, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj 7591874831, Iran
| | - Sheng Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
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Rangan P, Maurya R, Singh S. Can omic tools help generate alternative newer sources of edible seed oil? PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e399. [PMID: 35774621 PMCID: PMC9219012 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are three pathways for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis: De novo TAG biosynthesis, phosphatidylcholine-derived biosynthesis, and cytosolic TAG biosynthesis. Variability in fatty acid composition is mainly associated with phosphatidylcholine-derived TAG pathway. Mobilization of TAG-formed through cytosolic pathway into lipid droplets is yet unknown. There are multiple regulatory checkpoints starting from acetyl-CoA carboxylase to the lipid droplet biogenesis in TAG biosynthesis. Although a primary metabolism, only a few species synthesize oil in seeds for storage, and less than 10 species are commercially exploited. To meet out the growing demand for oil, diversifying into newer sources is the only choice left. The present review highlights the potential strategies targeting species like Azadirachta, Callophyllum, Madhuca, Moringa, Pongamia, Ricinus, and Simarouba, which are not being used for eating but are otherwise high yielding (ranging from 1.5 to 20 tons per hectare) with seeds having a high oil content (40-60%). Additionally, understanding the toxin biosynthesis in Ricinus and Simarouba would be useful in developing toxin-free oil plants. Realization of the importance of cell cultures as "oil factories" is not too far into the future and would soon be a commercially viable option for producing oils in vitro, round the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
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Niu E, Gao S, Hu W, Zhang C, Liu D, Shen G, Zhu S. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Differentiation of Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Olea europaea L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111415. [PMID: 35684188 PMCID: PMC9182961 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a world-famous woody oil tree and popular for redundant unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes are responsible for fatty acid desaturation and stress regulation but have not yet been identified in olive at the whole genome level. This study identified 40 and 27 FAD genes in the cultivated olive O. europaea cv. Farga and the wild olive O. europaea var. Sylvestris, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the FAD genes could be classified into the soluble FAB2/SAD clade and membrane-bound clade, including ADS/FAD5, DES, FAD4, SLD, ω-6 and ω-3, with the high consistency of subcellular localization, motif composition and exon-intron organization in each group. FAD genes in olive showed the diverse functional differentiation in morphology of different tissues, fruit development and stress responses. Among them, OeFAB2.8 and OeFAD2.3 were up-regulated and OeADS.1, OeFAD4.1 and OeFAD8.2 were down-regulated under the wound, Verticillium dahliae and cold stresses. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the FAD genes at the whole-genome level in olives and will provide guidance for the improvement of oil quality or stress tolerance of olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Niu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Song Gao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Daqun Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Shenlong Zhu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Donzella S, Serra I, Fumagalli A, Pellegrino L, Mosconi G, Lo Scalzo R, Compagno C. Recycling industrial food wastes for lipid production by oleaginous yeasts Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus and Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:51. [PMID: 35568880 PMCID: PMC9107756 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial lipids have been emerging as a sustainable alternative to vegetable oils and animal fat to produce biodiesel and industrial relevant chemicals. The use of wastes for microbial processes can represent a way for upgrading low value feedstock to high value products, addressing one of the main goals of circular economy, the reduction of wastes by recycling. Two oleaginous yeasts, Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus and Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum, were used in this study to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. RESULTS In this study wastes from industrial food processing, as pumpkin peels and syrup from candied fruits manufacture, were used for yeast cultivation and for lipids production. Evaluation of growth and sugar consumption revealed marked differences between the yeasts in capacity to utilize the main sugars present in the feedstock. In particular, we observed an unexpected limitation in glucose metabolism on mineral defined media by R. azoricus. Both species showed ability to grow and accumulate lipids on media exclusively composed by undiluted pumpkin peel hydrolysate, and R. azoricus was the best performing. By a two-stage process carried out in bioreactor, this species reached a biomass concentration of 45 g/L (dry weight) containing 55% of lipids, corresponding to a lipid concentration of 24 g/L, with a productivity of 0.26 g/L/h and yield of 0.24 g lipids per g of utilized sugar. CONCLUSIONS Wastes from industrial food processing were sufficient to completely support yeast growth and to induce lipid accumulation. This study provides strong evidence that the concept of valorisation through the production of lipids from the metabolism of nutrients present in agro-industrial wastes by oleaginous yeasts is promising for implementation of biotechnological processes in a circular economy contest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fumagalli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Pellegrino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria at Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), via G. Venezian 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Song JM, Zhang Y, Zhou ZW, Lu S, Ma W, Lu C, Chen LL, Guo L. Oil plant genomes: current state of the science. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2859-2874. [PMID: 35560205 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are an indispensable nutritional component of the human diet as well as important raw materials for a variety of industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, oleochemicals, and biofuels. Oil plant genomes are highly diverse, and their genetic variation leads to a diversity in oil biosynthesis and accumulation along with agronomic traits. This review discusses plant oil biosynthetic pathways, current state of genome assembly, polyploidy and asymmetric evolution of genomes of oil plants and their wild relatives, and research progress of pan-genomics in oil plants. The availability of complete high-resolution genomes and pan-genomes has enabled the identification of structural variations in the genomes that are associated with the diversity of agronomic and environment fitness traits. These and future genomes also provide powerful tools to understand crop evolution and to harvest the rich natural variations to improve oil crops for enhanced productivity, oil quality, and adaptability to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Lunn D, Wallis JG, Browse J. A multigene approach secures hydroxy fatty acid production in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2875-2888. [PMID: 35560203 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A central goal of green chemistry is to produce industrially useful fatty acids in oilseed crops. Although genes encoding suitable fatty acid-modifying enzymes are available from more than a dozen wild species, progress has been limited because expression of these enzymes in transgenic plants produces only low yields of the desired products. For example, fatty acid hydroxylase 12 (FAH12) from castor (Ricinus communis) produces only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) when expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), compared with 90% HFAs in castor seeds. The transgenic plants also have reduced oil content and seed vigor. Here, we review experiments that have provided for steady increased HFA accumulation and oil content. This research has led to exciting new discoveries of enzymes and regulatory processes in the pathways of both seed oil synthesis and lipid metabolism in other parts of the plant. Recent investigations have revealed that HFA-accumulating seeds are unable to rapidly mobilize HFA-containing triacylglycerol (TAG) storage lipid after germination to provide carbon and energy for seedling development, resulting in reduced seedling establishment. These findings present a new opportunity to investigate a different, key area of lipid metabolism-the pathways of TAG lipolysis and β-oxidation in germinating seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lunn
- Institute of Biology Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - James G Wallis
- Institute of Biology Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biology Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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Daou M, Elnaker NA, Ochsenkühn MA, Amin SA, Yousef AF, Yousef LF. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Tamarix nilotica shoot extracts and fractions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264969. [PMID: 35286313 PMCID: PMC8920278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-glucosidase inhibitors represent an important class of type 2 antidiabetic drugs and they act by lowering postprandial hyperglycemia. Today, only three synthetic inhibitors exist on the market, and there is a need for novel, natural and more efficient molecules exhibiting this activity. In this study, we investigated the ability of Tamarix nilotica ethanolic and aqueous shoot extracts, as well as methanolic fractions prepared from aqueous crude extracts to inhibit α-glucosidase. Both, 50% ethanol and aqueous extracts inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 12.5 μg/mL and 24.8 μg/mL, respectively. Importantly, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity observed in the T. nilotica crude extracts was considerably higher than pure acarbose (IC50 = 151.1 μg/mL), the most highly prescribed α-glucosidase inhibitor on the market. When T. nilotica crude extracts were fractionated using methanol, enhanced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was observed in general, with the highest observed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the 30% methanol fraction (IC50 = 5.21 μg/mL). Kinetic studies further revealed a competitive reversible mechanism of inhibition by the plant extract. The phytochemical profiles of 50% ethanol extracts, aqueous extracts, and the methanolic fractions were investigated and compared using a metabolomics approach. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the contents of the crude extracts and fractions and potentially identified the molecules that were most responsible for these observed variations. Higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was associated with an enrichment of terpenoids, fatty acids, and flavonoids. Among the identified molecules, active compounds with known α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were detected, including unsaturated fatty acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoid glycosides. These results put forward T. nilotica as a therapeutic plant for type 2 diabetes and a source of α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Daou
- Department of Biology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nancy A. Elnaker
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shady A. Amin
- Biology Program, New York University in Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed F. Yousef
- Department of Biology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Membranes and Advances Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina F. Yousef
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
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Hussin H, Hanafi NS, Lee AC, Salleh MM, Sam S, Abd‐Aziz S. Amino Acids from Oil Producing Plants. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:653-671. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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31
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Interactions between plant lipid-binding proteins and their ligands. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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WANG S, XU J, WANG Z, LI Z, YI L, YAO L, WANG X. Gene screening for fatty acid synthesis of flax based on transcriptome sequencing. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.93721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan WANG
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
| | - Jun XU
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhuo WANG
- Inner Mongolia Grass Digital Ecological Industry Co., LTD, China
| | - Zhiwei LI
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
| | - Liuxi YI
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
| | - Lijun YAO
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
| | - Xia WANG
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
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Azman Halimi R, Raymond CA, Barkla BJ, Mayes S, King GJ. Development of Selection Indices for Improvement of Seed Yield and Lipid Composition in Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). Foods 2021; 11:foods11010086. [PMID: 35010212 PMCID: PMC8750730 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The underutilised grain legume bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) has the potential to contribute significantly to nutritional security. However, the lack of commercial cultivars has hindered its wider adoption and utilisation as a food source. The development of competitive cultivars is impeded by (1) lack of systematic data describing variation in nutritional composition within the gene pool, and (2) a poor understanding of how concentrations of different nutritional components interact. In this study, we analysed seed lipid and protein concentration and lipid composition within a collection of 100 lines representing the global gene pool. Seed protein and lipid varied over twofold with a normal distribution, but no significant statistical correlation was detected between the two components. Seed lipid concentration (4.2–8.8 g/100 g) is primarily determined by the proportion of oleic acid (r2 = 0.45). Yield and composition data for a subset of 40 lines were then used to test selection parameters for high yielding, high lipid breeding lines. From five selection indices tested using 15 scenarios, an index based on the seed number, seed weight, and oleic acid yielded a >50% expected increase in each of the mean values of seed number, pod dry weight, seed dry weight, and seed size, as well as an expected 7% increase in seed lipid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razlin Azman Halimi
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
| | - Carolyn A. Raymond
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
| | - Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
| | - Sean Mayes
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
- Crops for the Future, NIAB-EMR, Cambridge CB3 0LG, UK
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang L, Wu P, Li W, Feng T, Shockey J, Chen L, Zhang L, Lü S. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in shaded seeds of tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is regulated in part by Homeodomain Leucine Zipper 21. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1735-1753. [PMID: 34643970 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light quantity and quality affect many aspects of plant growth and development. However, few reports have addressed the molecular connections between seed oil accumulation and light conditions, especially dense shade. Shade-avoiding plants can redirect plant resources into extension growth at the expense of leaf and root expansion in an attempt to reach areas containing richer light. Here, we report that tung tree seed oil accumulation is suppressed by dense shade during the rapid oil accumulation phase. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that oil accumulation suppression due to dense shade was attributed to reduced expression of fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis-related genes. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified 32 core transcription factors (TFs) specifically upregulated in densely shaded seeds during the rapid oil accumulation period. Among these, VfHB21, a class I homeodomain leucine zipper TF, was shown to suppress expression of FAD2 and FADX, two key genes related to α-eleostearic acid, by directly binding to HD-ZIP I/II motifs in their respective promoter regions. VfHB21 also binds to similar motifs in the promoters of VfWRI1 and VfDGAT2, two additional key seed lipid regulatory/biosynthetic genes. Functional conservation of HB21 during plant evolution was demonstrated by the fact that AtWRI1, AtSAD1, and AtFAD2 were downregulated in VfHB21-overexpressor lines of transgenic Arabidopsis, with concomitant seed oil reduction, and the fact that AtHB21 expression also was induced by shade. This study reveals some of the regulatory mechanisms that specifically control tung tree seed oil biosynthesis and more broadly regulate plant storage carbon partitioning in response to dense shade conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Integument-Specific Transcriptional Regulation in the Mid-Stage of Flax Seed Development Influences the Release of Mucilage and the Seed Oil Content. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102677. [PMID: 34685657 PMCID: PMC8534900 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed oil, which accumulates in the embryo, and mucilage, which is synthesized in the seed coat, are of great economic importance for food, pharmaceutical as well as chemical industries. Theories on the link between oil and mucilage production in seeds consist in the spatio-temporal competition of both compounds for photosynthates during the very early stages of seed development. In this study, we demonstrate a positive relationship between seed oil production and seed coat mucilage extrusion in the agronomic model, flax. Three recombinant inbred lines were selected for low, medium and high mucilage and seed oil contents. Metabolite and transcript profiling (1H NMR and DNA oligo-microarrays) was performed on the seeds during seed development. These analyses showed main changes in the seed coat transcriptome during the mid-phase of seed development (25 Days Post-Anthesis), once the mucilage biosynthesis and modification processes are thought to be finished. These transcriptome changes comprised genes that are putatively involved in mucilage chemical modification and oil synthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism. The results of this integrative biology approach suggest that transcriptional regulations of seed oil and fatty acid (FA) metabolism could occur in the seed coat during the mid-stage of seed development, once the seed coat carbon supplies have been used for mucilage biosynthesis and mechanochemical properties of the mucilage secretory cells.
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Bhandari S, Bates PD. Triacylglycerol remodeling in Physaria fendleri indicates oil accumulation is dynamic and not a metabolic endpoint. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:799-815. [PMID: 34608961 PMCID: PMC8491037 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed plants accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG) up to 80% of seed weight with the TAG fatty acid composition determining its nutritional value or use in the biofuel or chemical industries. Two major pathways for production of diacylglycerol (DAG), the immediate precursor to TAG, have been identified in plants: de novo DAG synthesis and conversion of the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) to DAG, with each pathway producing distinct TAG compositions. However, neither pathway fits with previous biochemical and transcriptomic results from developing Physaria fendleri seeds for accumulation of TAG containing >60% lesquerolic acid (an unusual 20 carbon hydroxylated fatty acid), which accumulates at only the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of TAG. Isotopic tracing of developing P. fendleri seed lipid metabolism identified that PC-derived DAG is utilized to initially produce TAG with only one lesquerolic acid. Subsequently a nonhydroxylated fatty acid is removed from TAG (transiently reproducing DAG) and a second lesquerolic acid is incorporated. Thus, a dynamic TAG remodeling process involving anabolic and catabolic reactions controls the final TAG fatty acid composition. Reinterpretation of P. fendleri transcriptomic data identified potential genes involved in TAG remodeling that could provide a new approach for oilseed engineering by altering oil fatty acid composition after initial TAG synthesis; and the comparison of current results to that of related Brassicaceae species in the literature suggests the possibility of TAG remodeling involved in incorporation of very long-chain fatty acids into the TAG sn-1 position in various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajina Bhandari
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Philip D. Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer UT, Feussner I, Meier MAR, Metzger JO. Fatty Acids and their Derivatives as Renewable Platform Molecules for the Chemical Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20144-20165. [PMID: 33617111 PMCID: PMC8453566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin remain an important renewable feedstock for the chemical industry. Their industrial use has increased during the last 10 years from 31 to 51 million tonnes annually. Remarkable achievements made in the field of oleochemistry in this timeframe are summarized herein, including the reduction of fatty esters to ethers, the selective oxidation and oxidative cleavage of C-C double bonds, the synthesis of alkyl-branched fatty compounds, the isomerizing hydroformylation and alkoxycarbonylation, and olefin metathesis. The use of oleochemicals for the synthesis of a great variety of polymeric materials has increased tremendously, too. In addition to lipases and phospholipases, other enzymes have found their way into biocatalytic oleochemistry. Important achievements have also generated new oil qualities in existing crop plants or by using microorganisms optimized by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Biermann
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- abiosuse.V.Bloherfelder Straße 23926129OldenburgGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of GoettingenAlbrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant SciencesInternational Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) and Goettingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)Dept. of Plant BiochemistryJustus-von-Liebig-Weg 1137077GoettingenGermany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Straße am Forum 776131KarlsruheGermany
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Jürgen O. Metzger
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- abiosuse.V.Bloherfelder Straße 23926129OldenburgGermany
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38
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer UT, Feussner I, Meier MAR, Metzger JO. Fettsäuren und Fettsäurederivate als nachwachsende Plattformmoleküle für die chemische Industrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Biermann
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
- abiosuse.V. Bloherfelder Straße 239 26129 Oldenburg Deutschland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institut für Biochemie Abt. Biotechnologie & Enzymkatalyse Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Universität Göttingen Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) und Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB) Abt. für die Biochemie der Pflanze Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Labor für Angewandte Chemie Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC) Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Labor für Angewandte Chemie Institut für biologische und chemische Systeme –, Funktionale Molekülsysteme (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Jürgen O. Metzger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
- abiosuse.V. Bloherfelder Straße 239 26129 Oldenburg Deutschland
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Wang Y, Zou J, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Li D. EgmiR5179 Regulates Lipid Metabolism by Targeting EgMADS16 in the Mesocarp of Oil Palm ( Elaeis guineensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722596. [PMID: 34381490 PMCID: PMC8350733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
EgMADS16, one of the MADS-box transcription factors in oil palm, has a high expression level in the late fruit development of the oil palm fruit mesocarp. At the same time, it is also predicted to be the target gene of EgmiR5179, which has been identified in previous research. In this paper, we focused on the function and regulatory mechanism of the EgMADS16 gene in oil palm lipid metabolism. The results indicated that the transcription level of EgMADS16 was highest in the fourth stage, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay proved that the EgMADS16 expression level was downregulated by EgmiR5179. In both the OXEgMADS16 Arabidopsis seeds and oil palm embryonic calli, the total lipid contents were significantly decreased, but the contents of C18:0 and C18:3 in OXEgMADS16 lines were significantly increased. As expected, EgmiR5179 weakened the inhibitory effect of EgMADS16 on the oil contents in transgenic Arabidopsis plants that coexpressed EgmiR5179 and EgMADS16 (OXEgmiR5179-EgMADS16). Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and BiFC analyses suggested that there was an interaction between the EgMADS16 protein and EgGLO1 protein, which had been proven to be capable of regulating fatty acid synthesis in our previous research work. In summary, a model of the molecular mechanism by which miRNA5179 targets EgMADS16 to regulate oil biosynthesis was hypothesized, and the research results provide new insight into lipid accumulation and molecular regulation in oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jixin Zou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yusheng Zheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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40
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Kambhampati S, Aznar-Moreno JA, Bailey SR, Arp JJ, Chu KL, Bilyeu KD, Durrett TP, Allen DK. Temporal changes in metabolism late in seed development affect biomass composition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:874-890. [PMID: 33693938 PMCID: PMC8195533 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The negative association between protein and oil production in soybean (Glycine max) seed is well-documented. However, this inverse relationship is based primarily on the composition of mature seed, which reflects the cumulative result of events over the course of soybean seed development and therefore does not convey information specific to metabolic fluctuations during developmental growth regimes. In this study, we assessed maternal nutrient supply via measurement of seed coat exudates and metabolite levels within the cotyledon throughout development to identify trends in the accumulation of central carbon and nitrogen metabolic intermediates. Active metabolic activity during late seed development was probed through transient labeling with 13C substrates. The results indicated: (1) a drop in lipid contents during seed maturation with a concomitant increase in carbohydrates, (2) a transition from seed filling to maturation phases characterized by quantitatively balanced changes in carbon use and CO2 release, (3) changes in measured carbon and nitrogen resources supplied maternally throughout development, (4) 13C metabolite production through gluconeogenic steps for sustained carbohydrate accumulation as the maternal nutrient supply diminishes, and (5) oligosaccharide biosynthesis within the seed coat during the maturation phase. These results highlight temporal engineering targets for altering final biomass composition to increase the value of soybeans and a path to breaking the inverse correlation between seed protein and oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Aznar-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Sally R Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Jennifer J Arp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Kristin D Bilyeu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
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Plant oil-based polymers. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polymer materials derived from natural resources have gained increasing attention in recent years because of the uncertainties concerning petroleum supply and prices in the future as well as their environmental pollution problems. As one of the most abundant renewable resources, plant oils are suitable starting materials for polymers because of their low cost, the rich chemistry that their triglyceride structure provides, and their potential biodegradability. This chapter covers the structure, modification of triglycerides and their derivatives as well as synthesis of polymers therefrom. The remarkable advances during the last two decades in organic synthesis using plant oils and the basic oleochemicals derived from them are selectively reported and updated. Various methods, such as condensation, radical/cationic polymerization, metathesis procedure, and living polymerization, have also been applied in constructing oil-based polymers. Based on the advance of these changes, traditional polymers such as polyamides, polyesters, and epoxy resins have been renewed. Partial oil-based polymers have already been applied in some industrial areas and recent developments in this field offer promising new opportunities.
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Kalinger RS, Williams D, Ahmadi Pirshahid A, Pulsifer IP, Rowland O. Production of C6-C14 Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Seeds and Leaves via Overexpression of Single Hotdog-Fold Acyl-Lipid Thioesterases. Lipids 2021; 56:327-344. [PMID: 33547664 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ACYL-LIPID THIOESTERASES (ALT) are a type of plant acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase that generate a wide range of medium-chain fatty acids and methylketone (MK) precursors when expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. While this makes ALT-type thioesterases attractive as metabolic engineering targets to increase production of high-value medium-chain fatty acids and MKs in plant systems, the behavior of ALT enzymes in planta was not well understood before this study. To profile the substrate specificities of ALT-type thioesterases in different plant tissue types, AtALT1-4 from Arabidopsis thaliana, which have widely varied chain length and oxidation state preferences in E. coli, were overexpressed in Arabidopsis seeds, Camelina sativa seeds, and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Seed-specific overexpression of ALT enzymes led to medium-chain fatty acid accumulation in Arabidopsis and Camelina seed triacylglycerols, and transient overexpression in N. benthamiana demonstrated that the substrate preferences of ALT-type thioesterases in planta generally agree with those previously determined in E. coli. AtALT1 and AtALT4 overexpression in leaves and seeds resulted in the accumulation of 12-14 carbon-length fatty acids and 6-8 carbon-length fatty acids, respectively. While it was difficult to completely profile the products of ALT-type thioesterases that generate MK precursors (i.e. β-keto fatty acids), our results nonetheless demonstrate that ALT enzymes are catalytically diverse in planta. The knowledge gained from this study is a significant step towards being able to use ALT-type thioesterases as metabolic engineering tools to modify the fatty acid profiles of oilseed crops, other plants, and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Kalinger
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Danielle Williams
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmadi Pirshahid
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ian P Pulsifer
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Owen Rowland
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Updated Mechanisms of GCN5-The Monkey King of the Plant Kingdom in Plant Development and Resistance to Abiotic Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050979. [PMID: 33922251 PMCID: PMC8146787 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are the main epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression, chromatin structure, and plant development, among which histone acetylation is one of the most important and studied epigenetic modifications. Histone acetylation is believed to enhance DNA access and promote transcription. GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5), a well-known enzymatic protein responsible for the lysine acetylation of histone H3 and H4, is a universal and crucial histone acetyltransferase involved in gene transcription and plant development. Many studies have found that GCN5 plays important roles in the different development stages of Arabidopsis. In terms of exogenous stress conditions, GCN5 is also involved in the responses to heat stress, cold stress, and nutrient element deficiency by regulating the related gene expression to maintain the homeostasis of some key metabolites (e.g., cellulose) or ions (e.g., phosphate, iron); in addition, GCN5 is involved in the phytohormone pathways such as ethylene, auxin, and salicylic acid to play various roles during the plant lifecycle. Some of the pathways involved by GCN5 also interwind to regulate specific physiological processes or developmental stages. Here, interactions between various developmental events and stress-resistant pathways mediated by GCN5 are comprehensively addressed and the underlying mechanisms are discussed in the plant. Studies with some interacting factors such as ADA2b provided valuable information for the complicated histone acetylation mechanisms. We also suggest the future focuses for GCN5 functions and mechanisms such as functions in seed development/germination stages, exploration of novel interaction factors, identification of more protein substrates, and application of advanced biotechnology-CRISPR in crop genetic improvement, which would be helpful for the complete illumination of roles and mechanisms of GCN5.
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Sun LP, Ouyang LL, Bao H, Liu JG, Sun Z, Zhou ZG. Comparison between two isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in microalga Myrmecia incisa: Subcellular localization and role in triacylglycerol synthesis. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gao Y, Sun Y, Gao H, Chen Y, Wang X, Xue J, Jia X, Li R. Ectopic overexpression of a type-II DGAT (CeDGAT2-2) derived from oil-rich tuber of Cyperus esculentus enhances accumulation of oil and oleic acid in tobacco leaves. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:76. [PMID: 33757551 PMCID: PMC7986309 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineering triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in vegetative tissues of non-food crops has become a promising way to meet our increasing demand for plant oils, especially the renewable production of biofuels. The most important target modified in this regard is diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme responsible for the final rate-limiting step in TAG biosynthesis. Cyperus esculentus is a unique plant largely accumulating oleic acid-enriched oil in its underground tubers. We speculated that DGAT derived from such oil-rich tubers could function more efficiently than that from oleaginous seeds in enhancing oil storage in vegetative tissues of tobacco, a high-yielding biomass crops. RESULTS Three CeDGAT genes namely CeDGAT1, CeDGAT2-1 and CeDGAT2-2 were identified in C. esculentus by mining transcriptome of developing tubers. These CeDGATs were expressed in tissues tested, with CeDGAT1 highly in roots, CeDGAT2-1 abundantly in leaves, and CeDGAT2-2 predominantly in tubers. Notably, CeDGAT2-2 expression pattern was in accordance with oil dynamic accumulation during tuber development. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 functionally restored TAG biosynthesis in TAG-deficient yeast mutant H1246. Oleic acid level was significantly increased in CeDGAT2-2 transgenic yeast compared to the wild-type yeast and ScDGA1-expressed control under culture with and without feeding of exogenous fatty acids. Overexpressing CeDGAT2-2 in tobacco led to dramatic enhancements of leafy oil by 7.15- and 1.7-fold more compared to the wild-type control and plants expressing Arabidopsis seed-derived AtDGAT1. A substantial change in fatty acid composition was detected in leaves, with increase of oleic acid from 5.1% in the wild type to 31.33% in CeDGAT2-2-expressed tobacco and accompanied reduction of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, the elevated accumulation of oleic acid-enriched TAG in transgenic tobacco exhibited no significantly negative impact on other agronomic traits such as photosynthesis, growth rates and seed germination except for small decline of starch content. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that CeDGAT2-2 has a high enzyme activity to catalyze formation of TAG and a strong specificity for oleic acid-containing substrates, providing new insights into understanding oil biosynthesis mechanism in plant vegetative tissues. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 alone can significantly increase oleic acid-enriched oil accumulation in tobacco leaves without negative impact on other agronomy traits, showing CeDGAT2-2 as the desirable target gene in metabolic engineering to enrich oil and value-added lipids in high-biomass plants for commercial production of biofuel oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of the Triacylglycerol Lipase ( TGL) Gene Family Related to Abiotic Stresses in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031387. [PMID: 33573234 PMCID: PMC7866549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol Lipases (TGLs) are the major enzymes involved in triacylglycerol catabolism. TGLs hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid triglycerides, which are involved in plant development and abiotic stress responses. Whereas most studies of TGLs have focused on seed oil metabolism and biofuel in plants, limited information is available regarding the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TGL gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Based on the latest published tomato genome annotation ITAG4.0, 129 SlTGL genes were identified and classified into 5 categories according to their structural characteristics. Most SlTGL genes were distributed on 3 of 12 chromosomes. Segment duplication appeared to be the driving force underlying expansion of the TGL gene family in tomato. The promoter analysis revealed that the promoters of SlTGLs contained many stress responsiveness cis-elements, such as ARE, LTR, MBS, WRE3, and WUN-motifs. Expression of the majority of SlTGL genes was suppressed following exposure to chilling and heat, while it was induced under drought stress, such as SlTGLa9, SlTGLa6, SlTGLa25, SlTGLa26, and SlTGLa13. These results provide valuable insights into the roles of the SlTGL genes family and lay a foundation for further functional studies on the linkage between triacylglycerol catabolism and abiotic stress responses in tomato.
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Jarvis BA, Romsdahl TB, McGinn MG, Nazarenus TJ, Cahoon EB, Chapman KD, Sedbrook JC. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced fad2 and rod1 Mutations Stacked With fae1 Confer High Oleic Acid Seed Oil in Pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:652319. [PMID: 33968108 PMCID: PMC8100250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.652319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is being domesticated as an oilseed cash cover crop to be grown in the off-season throughout temperate regions of the world. With its diploid genome and ease of directed mutagenesis using molecular approaches, pennycress seed oil composition can be rapidly tailored for a plethora of food, feed, oleochemical and fuel uses. Here, we utilized Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to produce knockout mutations in the FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2) and REDUCED OLEATE DESATURATION1 (ROD1) genes to increase oleic acid content. High oleic acid (18:1) oil is valued for its oxidative stability that is superior to the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3), and better cold flow properties than the very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) erucic (22:1). When combined with a FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (fae1) knockout mutation, fad2 fae1 and rod1 fae1 double mutants produced ∼90% and ∼60% oleic acid in seed oil, respectively, with PUFAs in fad2 fae1 as well as fad2 single mutants reduced to less than 5%. MALDI-MS spatial imaging analyses of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species in wild-type pennycress embryo sections from mature seeds revealed that erucic acid is highly enriched in cotyledons which serve as storage organs, suggestive of a role in providing energy for the germinating seedling. In contrast, PUFA-containing TAGs are enriched in the embryonic axis, which may be utilized for cellular membrane expansion during seed germination and seedling emergence. Under standard growth chamber conditions, rod1 fae1 plants grew like wild type whereas fad2 single and fad2 fae1 double mutant plants exhibited delayed growth and overall reduced heights and seed yields, suggesting that reducing PUFAs below a threshold in pennycress had negative physiological effects. Taken together, our results suggest that combinatorial knockout of ROD1 and FAE1 may be a viable route to commercially increase oleic acid content in pennycress seed oil whereas mutations in FAD2 will likely require at least partial function to avoid fitness trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A. Jarvis
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Trevor B. Romsdahl
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Michaela G. McGinn
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Tara J. Nazarenus
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - John C. Sedbrook
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: John C. Sedbrook,
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Abstract
This article comments on:Lakhssassi N, Zhou Z, Liu S, Piya S, Cullen MA, El Baze A, Knizia D, Patil GB, Badad O, Embaby MG, Meksem J, Lakhssassi A, Ghazaleh A, Hewezi T, Meksem K. 2020. Soybean TILLING-by-sequencing+ reveals the role of novel GmSACPD members in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis while maintaining healthy nodules. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 6969–6987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Plant Nutrition, EEAD-CSIC, Avda de Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
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Fan R, Cai G, Zhou X, Qiao Y, Wang J, Zhong H, Bo J, Miao F, Tu W, Long F, Li Z. Characterization of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 from Idesia polycarpa and function analysis. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 234:105023. [PMID: 33259819 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Idesia polycarpa is an oil-producing tree native to China and Northeast Asia. The fruits of I. polycarpa which are named oil grape are unique in that they contain large amounts saturated and unsaturated lipids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) is a key enzyme catalyzing the final step of triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis. However, expression and bioinformatics of DGAT2 in I. polycarpa are still blank. In order to further understand the lipogenesis of oil grape, we contrasted seven various growth periods fruits from seed formation to seed maturation. Lipid accumulation rates and final lipid content were significantly different among the different periods. We cloned and characterized the DGAT2 gene from fruits of I. polycarpa. A partial fragment of 239 bp of IpDGAT2 was amplified by PCR. We cloned the open-reading frame (ORF) of IpDGAT2 by RACE technique. The ORF of IpDGAT2 contains 984 bp and encodes 327 amino acids. The qPCR analysis manifested that IpDGAT2 was expressed in all oil grape growing periods and expression was highest on September 20 (seed maturation). In I. polycarpa fruits the expression of IpDGAT2 was positively correlated with the lipid accumulation rates. Rhodotorula glutinis expression analysis showed that IpDGAT2 have a diacylglycerol acyltransferase bio-functional. Heterologous expression of the 35S::IpDGAT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the isolated IpDGAT2 could catalyze lipid synthesis. The lipid content increased by 40 % in transgenic plants relative to the control. which suggests that high lipid content fruits can be created by the overexpression of IpDGAT2 in I. polycarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishen Fan
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Gui Cai
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Xuanyuan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Yuxin Qiao
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Haoming Zhong
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Jiaxin Bo
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Fan Miao
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Wei Tu
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Feiyu Long
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Zhouqi Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China.
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50
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Torres Silva G, Di Pietro Fernandes C, Hiane PA, Freitas KDC, Figueiredo PS, Inada AC, Filiú WF, Maldonade IR, Nunes ÂA, de Oliveira LCS, Caires ARL, Michels F, Candido CJ, Cavalheiro LF, Arakaki Asato M, Rodrigues Donadon J, Bacelar de Faria B, Tatara MB, Rosa Croda JH, Pott A, Nazário CED, Guimarães RDCA. Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. Pulp Oil Supplementation Reduces Total Cholesterol, LDL-c, and Non-HDL-c in Animals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194530. [PMID: 33022905 PMCID: PMC7582708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. is a source of oil with active compounds that are protective to the organism. In our work, we analyzed the physicochemical characteristics and evaluated the effects of supplementation with C. brasiliense oil in an animal model. We characterized the oil by indices of quality and identity, optical techniques of absorption spectroscopy in the UV–Vis region and fluorescence, and thermogravimetry/derived thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). For the animal experiment, we utilized mice (Mus musculus) supplemented with lipidic source in different dosages. The results demonstrated that C. brasiliense oil is an alternative source for human consumption and presents excellent oxidative stability. Primarily, it exhibited oleic MFA (53.56%) and palmitic SFA (37.78%). The oil level of tocopherols and tocotrienols was superior to the carotenoids. The supplementation with C. brasiliense oil reduced the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c. Regarding visceral fats and adiposity index, the treatment synergically supplemented with olive oil and C. brasiliense oil (OO + CO) obtained the best result. Therefore, C. brasiliense oil is a high quality product for consumption. Its supplementation promotes beneficial effects mainly on the lipidic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres Silva
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Carolina Di Pietro Fernandes
- Pharmaceutical Science, Food and Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (C.D.P.F.); (W.F.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Aline Carla Inada
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Wander Fernando Filiú
- Pharmaceutical Science, Food and Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (C.D.P.F.); (W.F.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Iriani Rodrigues Maldonade
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Hortaliças), Brasília 70275-970, Brazil;
| | | | - Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.d.O.); (L.F.C.); (C.E.D.N.)
| | - Anderson Rodrigues Lima Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.R.L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Flavio Michels
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.R.L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Camila Jordão Candido
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Leandro Fontoura Cavalheiro
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.d.O.); (L.F.C.); (C.E.D.N.)
| | - Marcel Arakaki Asato
- Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Rodrigues Donadon
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
| | | | - Mariana Bento Tatara
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil; (M.B.T.); (J.H.R.C.)
| | - Julio Henrique Rosa Croda
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil; (M.B.T.); (J.H.R.C.)
- School of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Campo Grande 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Pharmaceutical Science, Food and Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (C.D.P.F.); (W.F.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Domingues Nazário
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.d.O.); (L.F.C.); (C.E.D.N.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.T.S.); (P.A.H.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.S.F.); (A.C.I.); (C.J.C.); (J.R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416
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