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Jafari F, Wang B, Wang H, Zou J. Breeding maize of ideal plant architecture for high-density planting tolerance through modulating shade avoidance response and beyond. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:849-864. [PMID: 38131117 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop widely used as food, animal feed, and raw materials in industrial production. High-density planting is a major factor contributing to the continuous increase of maize yield. However, high planting density usually triggers a shade avoidance response and causes increased plant height and ear height, resulting in lodging and yield loss. Reduced plant height and ear height, more erect leaf angle, reduced tassel branch number, earlier flowering, and strong root system architecture are five key morphological traits required for maize adaption to high-density planting. In this review, we summarize recent advances in deciphering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize involved in response to high-density planting. We also discuss some strategies for breeding advanced maize cultivars with superior performance under high-density planting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
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2
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Xie S, Luo H, Huang W, Jin W, Dong Z. Striking a growth-defense balance: Stress regulators that function in maize development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:424-442. [PMID: 37787439 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xie
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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3
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Quattrone A, Lopez-Guerrero M, Yadav P, Meier MA, Russo SE, Weber KA. Interactions between root hairs and the soil microbial community affect the growth of maize seedlings. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:611-628. [PMID: 37974552 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are considered important for rhizosphere formation, which affects root system functioning. Through interactions with soil microorganisms mediated by root exudation, root hairs may affect the phenotypes and growth of young plants. We tested this hypothesis by integrating results from two experiments: (1) a factorial greenhouse seedling experiment with Zea mays B73-wt and its root-hairless mutant, B73-rth3, grown in live and autoclaved soil, quantifying 15 phenotypic traits, seven growth rates, and soil microbiomes and (2) a semi-hydroponic system quantifying root exudation of maize genotypes. Possibly as compensation for lacking root hairs, B73-rth3 seedlings allocated more biomass to roots and grew slower than B73-wt seedlings in live soil, whereas B73-wt seedlings grew slowest in autoclaved soil, suggesting root hairs can be costly and their benefits were realized with more complete soil microbial assemblages. There were substantial differences in root exudation between genotypes and in rhizosphere versus non-rhizosphere microbiomes. The microbial taxa enriched in the presence of root hairs generally enhanced growth compared to taxa enriched in their absence. Our findings suggest the root hairs' adaptive value extends to plant-microbe interactions mediated by root exudates, affecting plant phenotypes, and ultimately, growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Quattrone
- Complex Biosystems Ph.D. program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Pooja Yadav
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael A Meier
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Rancho Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Karrie A Weber
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Daugherty Water for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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4
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Santangeli M, Steininger-Mairinger T, Vetterlein D, Hann S, Oburger E. Maize (Zea mays L.) root exudation profiles change in quality and quantity during plant development - A field study. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111896. [PMID: 37838155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering root exudate composition of soil-grown plants is considered a crucial step to better understand plant-soil-microbe interactions affecting plant growth performance. In this study, two genotypes of Zea mays L. (WT, rth3) differing in root hair elongation were grown in the field in two substrates (sand, loam) in custom-made, perforated columns inserted into the field plots. Root exudates were collected at different plant developmental stages (BBCH 14, 19, 59, 83) using a soil-hydroponic-hybrid exudation sampling approach. Exudates were characterized by LC-MS based non-targeted metabolomics, as well as by photometric assays targeting total dissolved organic carbon, soluble carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and phenolics. Results showed that plant developmental stage was the main driver shaping both the composition and quantity of exuded compounds. Carbon (C) exudation per plant increased with increasing biomass production over time, while C exudation rate per cm² root surface area h-1 decreased with plant maturity. Furthermore, exudation rates were higher in the substrate with lower nutrient mobility (i.e., loam). Surprisingly, we observed higher exudation rates in the root hairless rth3 mutant compared to the root hair-forming WT sibling, though exudate metabolite composition remained similar. Our results highlight the impact of plant developmental stage on the plant-soil-microbe interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Santangeli
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Steininger-Mairinger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Department of Soil System Science, UFZ, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Oburger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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Quinn O, Kumar M, Turner S. The role of lipid-modified proteins in cell wall synthesis and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:51-66. [PMID: 37682865 PMCID: PMC10756762 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic extracellular matrix. Plant primary cell walls are the first line of defense against pathogens and regulate cell expansion. Specialized cells deposit a secondary cell wall that provides support and permits water transport. The composition and organization of the cell wall varies between cell types and species, contributing to the extensibility, stiffness, and hydrophobicity required for its proper function. Recently, many of the proteins involved in the biosynthesis, maintenance, and remodeling of the cell wall have been identified as being post-translationally modified with lipids. These modifications exhibit diverse structures and attach to proteins at different sites, which defines the specific role played by each lipid modification. The introduction of relatively hydrophobic lipid moieties promotes the interaction of proteins with membranes and can act as sorting signals, allowing targeted delivery to the plasma membrane regions and secretion into the apoplast. Disruption of lipid modification results in aberrant deposition of cell wall components and defective cell wall remodeling in response to stresses, demonstrating the essential nature of these modifications. Although much is known about which proteins bear lipid modifications, many questions remain regarding the contribution of lipid-driven membrane domain localization and lipid heterogeneity to protein function in cell wall metabolism. In this update, we highlight the contribution of lipid modifications to proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of plant cell walls, with a focus on the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, N-myristoylation, prenylation, and S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Quinn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Quattrone A, Yang Y, Yadav P, Weber KA, Russo SE. Nutrient and Microbiome-Mediated Plant-Soil Feedback in Domesticated and Wild Andropogoneae: Implications for Agroecosystems. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2978. [PMID: 38138123 PMCID: PMC10745641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants influence the abiotic and biotic environment of the rhizosphere, affecting plant performance through plant-soil feedback (PSF). We compared the strength of nutrient and microbe-mediated PSF and its implications for plant performance in domesticated and wild grasses with a fully crossed greenhouse PSF experiment using four inbred maize genotypes (Zea mays ssp. mays b58, B73-wt, B73-rth3, and HP301), teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis), and two wild prairie grasses (Andropogon gerardii and Tripsacum dactyloides) to condition soils for three feedback species (maize B73-wt, teosinte, Andropogon gerardii). We found evidence of negative PSF based on growth, phenotypic traits, and foliar nutrient concentrations for maize B73-wt, which grew slower in maize-conditioned soil than prairie grass-conditioned soil. In contrast, teosinte and A. gerardii showed few consistent feedback responses. Both rhizobiome and nutrient-mediated mechanisms were implicated in PSF. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the rhizosphere bacterial community composition differed significantly after conditioning by prairie grass and maize plants, and the final soil nutrients were significantly influenced by conditioning, more so than by the feedback plants. These results suggest PSF-mediated soil domestication in agricultural settings can develop quickly and reduce crop productivity mediated by PSF involving changes to both the soil rhizobiomes and nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Quattrone
- Complex Biosystems Ph.D. Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0851, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA; (Y.Y.)
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0705, USA
| | - Yuguo Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA; (Y.Y.)
| | - Pooja Yadav
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA; (Y.Y.)
| | - Karrie A. Weber
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA; (Y.Y.)
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, USA
- Daugherty Water for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-6203, USA
| | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA; (Y.Y.)
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0705, USA
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7
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Wu L, Xu Y, Qi K, Jiang X, He M, Cui Y, Bao J, Gu C, Zhang S. Self S-RNase reduces the expression of two pollen-specific COBRA genes to inhibit pollen tube growth in pear. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:26. [PMID: 38037174 PMCID: PMC10691131 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to self-incompatibility (SI) prevents self-fertilization, natural or artificial cross-pollination has been conducted in many orchards to stabilize fruit yield. However, it is still puzzled which routes of self S-RNase arresting pollen tube growth. Herein, 17 COBRA genes were isolated from pear genome. Of these genes, the pollen-specifically expressed PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 positively mediates pollen tube growth. The promoters of PbCOB.A.1 and/or PbCOB.A.2 were bound and activated by PbABF.E.2 (an ABRE-binding factor) and PbC2H2.K16.2 (a C2H2-type zinc finger protein). Notably, the expressions of PbCOB.A.1, PbCOB.A.2, and PbC2H2.K16.2 were repressed by self S-RNase, suggesting that self S-RNase reduces the expression of PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 by decreasing the expression of their upstream factors, such as PbC2H2.K16.2, to arrest pollen tube growth. PbCOB.A.1 or PbCOB.A.2 accelerates the growth of pollen tubes treated by self S-RNase, but can hardly affect level of reactive oxygen species and deploymerization of actin cytoskeleton in pollen tubes and cannot physically interact with any reported proteins involved in SI. These results indicate that PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 may not relieve S-RNase toxicity in incompatible pollen tube. The information provides a new route to elucidate the arresting pollen tube growth during SI reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min He
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Cui
- Nanjing Ningcui Biological Seed Company Limited, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Bao
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Li H, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li C, Du P, Bi M, Chen T, Qian D, Niu Y, Ren H, An L, Xiang Y. The Arabidopsis GPI-anchored protein COBL11 is necessary for regulating pollen tube integrity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113353. [PMID: 38007687 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen tube integrity is required for achieving double fertilization in angiosperms. The rapid alkalinization factor4/19-ANXUR1/2-Buddha's paper seal 1/2 (RALF4/19-ANX1/2-BUPS1/2)-complex-mediated signaling pathway is critical to maintain pollen tube integrity, but the underlying mechanisms regulating the polar localization and distribution of these complex members at the pollen tube tip remain unclear. Here, we find that COBRA-like protein 11 (COBL11) loss-of-function mutants display a low pollen germination ratio, premature pollen tube burst, and seed abortion in Arabidopsis. COBL11 could interact with RALF4/19, ANX1/2, and BUPS1/2, and COBL11 functional deficiency could result in the disrupted distribution of RALF4 and ANX1, altered cell wall composition, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species in pollen tubes. In conclusion, COBL11 is a regulator of pollen tube integrity during polar growth, which is conducted by a direct interaction that ensures the correct localization and polar distribution of RALF4 and ANX1 at the pollen tube tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chengying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pingzhou Du
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Mengmeng Bi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Sajjad M, Ahmad A, Riaz MW, Hussain Q, Yasir M, Lu M. Recent genome resequencing paraded COBRA- Like gene family roles in abiotic stress and wood formation in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242836. [PMID: 37780503 PMCID: PMC10540467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A cell wall determines the mechanical properties of a cell, serves as a barrier against plant stresses, and allows cell division and growth processes. The COBRA-Like (COBL) gene family encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that controls cellulose deposition and cell progression in plants by contributing to the microfibril orientation of a cell wall. Despite being studied in different plant species, there is a dearth of the comprehensive global analysis of COBL genes in poplar. Poplar is employed as a model woody plant to study abiotic stresses and biomass production in tree research. Improved genome resequencing has enabled the comprehensive exploration of the evolution and functional capacities of PtrCOBLs (Poplar COBRA-Like genes) in poplar. Phylogeny analysis has discerned and classified PtrCOBLs into two groups resembling the Arabidopsis COBL family, and group I genes possess longer proteins but have fewer exons than group II. Analysis of gene structure and motifs revealed PtrCOBLs maintained a rather stable motif and exon-intron pattern across members of the same group. Synteny and collinearity analyses exhibited that the evolution of the COBL gene family was heavily influenced by gene duplication events. PtrCOBL genes have undergone both segmental duplication and tandem duplication, followed by purifying selection. Promotor analysis flaunted various phytohormone-, growth- and stress-related cis-elements (e.g., MYB, ABA, MeJA, SA, AuxR, and ATBP1). Likewise, 29 Ptr-miRNAs of 20 families were found targeting 11 PtrCOBL genes. PtrCOBLs were found localized at the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, while gene ontology analysis showed their involvement in plant development, plant growth, stress response, cellulose biosynthesis, and cell wall biogenesis. RNA-seq datasets depicted the bulk of PtrCOBL genes expression being found in plant stem tissues and leaves, rendering mechanical strength and rejoinders to environmental cues. PtrCOBL2, 3, 10, and 11 manifested the highest expression in vasculature and abiotic stress, and resemblant expression trends were upheld by qRT-PCR. Co-expression network analysis identified PtrCOBL2 and PtrCOBL3 as hub genes across all abiotic stresses and wood developing tissues. The current study reports regulating roles of PtrCOBLs in xylem differentiating tissues, tension wood formation, and abiotic stress latency that lay the groundwork for future functional studies of the PtrCOBL genes in poplar breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng‐Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Monti MM, Mancini I, Gualtieri L, Domingo G, Beccaccioli M, Bossa R, Bracale M, Loreto F, Ruocco M. Volatilome and proteome responses to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infection in a moderately resistant and a susceptible bean genotype. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14044. [PMID: 37882283 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the changes in the volatilome, proteome, stomatal conductance, salicylic and jasmonic acid contents of a susceptible and a moderately resistant genotype of common bean, Phaseoulus vulgaris L., challenged with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of fungal anthracnose. Our results indicate differences at both proteome and volatilome levels between the two genotypes, before and after the infection, and different defense strategies. The moderately resistant genotype hindered pathogen infection, invasion, and replication mainly by maintaining epidermal and cell wall structure. The susceptible genotype was not able to limit the early stages of pathogen infection. Rather, stomatal conductance increased in the infected susceptible genotype, and enhanced synthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles and salicylic acid was observed, together with a strong hypersensitive response. Proteomic investigation provided a general framework for physiological changes, whereas observed variations in the volatilome suggested that volatile organic compounds may principally represent stress markers rather than defensive compounds per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilia M Monti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mancini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Liberata Gualtieri
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Domingo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marzia Beccaccioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bossa
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Bracale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
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11
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Liu Z, Li P, Ren W, Chen Z, Olukayode T, Mi G, Yuan L, Chen F, Pan Q. Hybrid performance evaluation and genome-wide association analysis of root system architecture in a maize association population. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:194. [PMID: 37606710 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The genetic architecture of RSA traits was dissected by GWAS and coexpression networks analysis in a maize association population. Root system architecture (RSA) is a crucial determinant of water and nutrient uptake efficiency in crops. However, the maize genetic architecture of RSA is still poorly understood due to the challenges in quantifying root traits and the lack of dense molecular markers. Here, an association mapping panel including 356 inbred lines were crossed with a common tester, Zheng58, and the test crosses were phenotyped for 12 RSA traits in three locations. We observed a 1.3 ~ sixfold phenotypic variation for measured RSA in the association panel. The association panel consisted of four subpopulations, non-stiff stalk (NSS) lines, stiff stalk (SS), tropical/subtropical (TST), and mixed. Zheng58 × TST has a 2.1% higher crown root number (CRN) and 8.6% less brace root number (BRN) than Zheng58 × NSS and Zheng58 × SS, respectively. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 1.25 million SNPs and correction for population structure, 191 significant SNPs were identified for root traits. Ninety (47%) of the significant SNPs showed positive allelic effects, and 101 (53%) showed negative effects. Each locus could explain 0.39% to 11.8% of phenotypic variation. By integrating GWAS results and comparing coexpression networks, 26 high-priority candidate genes were identified. Gene GRMZM2G377215, which belongs to the COBRA-like gene family, affected root growth and development. Gene GRMZM2G468657 encodes the aspartic proteinase nepenthesin-1, related to root development and N-deficient response. Collectively, our research provides progress in the genetic dissection of root system architecture. These findings present the further possibility for the genetic improvement of root traits in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Toluwase Olukayode
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Qingchun Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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12
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Qiu C, Chen J, Wu W, Liao B, Zheng X, Li Y, Huang J, Shi J, Hao Z. Genome-Wide Analysis and Abiotic Stress-Responsive Patterns of COBRA-like Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1616. [PMID: 37111840 PMCID: PMC10143436 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The COBRA gene encodes a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein (GAP), which plays an important role in cell wall cellulose deposition. In this study, a total of 7 COBRA-like (COBL) genes were identified in the genome of the rare and endangered woody plant Liriodendron chinense (L. chinense). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these LcCOBL genes can be divided into two subfamilies, i.e., SF I and II. In the conserved motif analysis of two subfamilies, SF I contained 10 predicted motifs, while SF II contained 4-6 motifs. The tissue-specific expression patterns showed that LcCOBL5 was highly expressed in the phloem and xylem, indicating its potential role in cellulose biosynthesis. In addition, the cis-element analysis and abiotic stress transcriptomes showed that three LcCOBLs, LcCOBL3, LcCOBL4 and LcCOBL5, transcriptionally responded to abiotic stresses, including cold, drought and heat stress. In particular, the quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis further confirmed that the LcCOBL3 gene was significantly upregulated in response to cold stress and peaked at 24-48 h, hinting at its potential role in the mechanism of cold resistance in L. chinense. Moreover, GFP-fused LcCOBL2, LcCOBL4 and LcCOBL5 were found to be localized in the cytomembrane. In summary, we expect these results to be beneficial for research on both the functions of LcCOBL genes and resistance breeding in L. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weihuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bojun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xueyan Zheng
- National Germplasm Bank of Chinese Fir at Fujian Yangkou Forest Farm, Nanping 353211, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Germplasm Bank of Chinese Fir at Fujian Yangkou Forest Farm, Nanping 353211, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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13
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Tian R, Jiang J, Bo S, Zhang H, Zhang X, Hearne SJ, Tang J, Ding D, Fu Z. Multi-omic characterization of the maize GPI synthesis mutant gwt1 with defects in kernel development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 37038106 PMCID: PMC10084604 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and GPI-anchored proteins (GAPs) are important for cell wall formation and reproductive development in Arabidopsis. However, monocot counterparts that function in kernel endosperm development have yet to be discovered. Here, we performed a multi-omic analysis to explore the function of GPI related genes on kernel development in maize. RESULTS In maize, 48 counterparts of human GPI synthesis and lipid remodeling genes were identified, in which null mutation of the glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol O-acyltransferase1 gene, ZmGWT1, caused a kernel mutant (named gwt1) with defects in the basal endosperm transport layer (BETL). We performed plasma membrane (PM) proteomics to characterize the potential GAPs involved in kernel development. In total, 4,981 proteins were successfully identified in 10-DAP gwt1 kernels of mutant and wild-type (WT), including 1,638 membrane-anchored proteins with different posttranslational modifications. Forty-seven of the 256 predicted GAPs were differentially accumulated between gwt1 and WT. Two predicted BETL-specific GAPs (Zm00001d018837 and Zm00001d049834), which kept similar abundance at general proteome but with significantly decreased abundance at membrane proteome in gwt1 were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the importance of GPI and GAPs for endosperm development and provide candidate genes for further investigation of the regulatory network in which ZmGWT1 participates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shirong Bo
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Sarah Jane Hearne
- CIMMYT, KM 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Edo. De Mexico, 56237, Mexico
| | - Jihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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14
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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15
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Liu FF, Wan YX, Cao WX, Zhang QQ, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang PZ, Si HQ. Novel function of a putative TaCOBL ortholog associated with cold response. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4375-4384. [PMID: 36944863 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant COBRA protein family plays an important role in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and the orientation of cell expansion. The COBRA gene family has been well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, maize, rice, etc., but no systematic studies were conducted in wheat. In this study, the full-length sequence of TaCOBLs was obtained by homology cloning from wheat, and a conserved motif analysis confirmed that TaCOBLs belonged to the COBRA protein family. qRT-PCR results showed that the TaCOBL transcripts were induced by abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, salinity, and abscisic acid (ABA). Two haplotypes of TaCOBL-5B (Hap5B-a and Hap5B-b), harboring one indel (----/TATA) in the 5' flanking region (- 550 bp), were found on chromosome 5BS. A co-dominant marker, Ta5BF/Ta5BR, was developed based on the polymorphism of the two TaCOBL-5B haplotypes. Significant correlations between the two TaCOBL-5B haplotypes and cold resistance were observed under four environmental conditions. Hap5B-a, a favored haplotype acquired during wheat polyploidization, may positively contribute to enhanced cold resistance in wheat. Based on the promoter activity analysis, the Hap5B-a promoter containing a TATA-box was more active than that of Hap5B-b without the TATA-box under low temperature. Our study provides valuable information indicating that the TaCOBL genes are associated with cold response in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Wan
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wen-Xin Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yao Li
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yan Li
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ping-Zhi Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Hong-Qi Si
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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16
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Zhang X, Bilyera N, Fan L, Duddek P, Ahmed MA, Carminati A, Kaestner A, Dippold MA, Spielvogel S, Razavi BS. The spatial distribution of rhizosphere microbial activities under drought: water availability is more important than root-hair-controlled exudation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:780-792. [PMID: 35986650 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs and soil water content are crucial in controlling the release and diffusion of root exudates and shaping profiles of biochemical properties in the rhizosphere. But whether root hairs can offset the negative impacts of drought on microbial activity remains unknown. Soil zymography, 14 C imaging and neutron radiography were combined to identify how root hairs and soil moisture affect rhizosphere biochemical properties. To achieve this, we cultivated two maize genotypes (wild-type and root-hair-defective rth3 mutant) under ambient and drought conditions. Root hairs and optimal soil moisture increased hotspot area, rhizosphere extent and kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km ) of β-glucosidase activities. Drought enlarged the rhizosphere extent of root exudates and water content. Colocalization analysis showed that enzymatic hotspots were more colocalized with root exudate hotspots under optimal moisture, whereas they showed higher dependency on water hotspots when soil water and carbon were scarce. We conclude that root hairs are essential in adapting rhizosphere properties under drought to maintain plant nutrition when a continuous mass flow of water transporting nutrients to the root is interrupted. In the rhizosphere, soil water was more important than root exudates for hydrolytic enzyme activities under water and carbon colimitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Nataliya Bilyera
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Soil Science, Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lichao Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Duddek
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mutez A Ahmed
- Division of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anders Kaestner
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Spielvogel
- Department of Soil Science, Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bahar S Razavi
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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17
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Ganther M, Lippold E, Bienert MD, Bouffaud ML, Bauer M, Baumann L, Bienert GP, Vetterlein D, Heintz-Buschart A, Tarkka MT. Plant Age and Soil Texture Rather Than the Presence of Root Hairs Cause Differences in Maize Resource Allocation and Root Gene Expression in the Field. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2883. [PMID: 36365336 PMCID: PMC9657941 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological roles of root hairs is key to projecting their contributions to plant growth and to assess their relevance for plant breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of root hairs for maize nutrition, carbon allocation and root gene expression in a field experiment. Applying wild type and root hairless rth3 maize grown on loam and sand, we examined the period of growth including 4-leaf, 9-leaf and tassel emergence stages, accompanied with a low precipitation rate. rth3 maize had lower shoot growth and lower total amounts of mineral nutrients than wild type, but the concentrations of mineral elements, root gene expression, or carbon allocation were largely unchanged. For these parameters, growth stage accounted for the main differences, followed by substrate. Substrate-related changes were pronounced during tassel emergence, where the concentrations of several elements in leaves as well as cell wall formation-related root gene expression and C allocation decreased. In conclusion, the presence of root hairs stimulated maize shoot growth and total nutrient uptake, but other parameters were more impacted by growth stage and soil texture. Further research should relate root hair functioning to the observed losses in maize productivity and growth efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ganther
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Eva Lippold
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Manuela Désirée Bienert
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 12, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marie-Lara Bouffaud
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Louis Baumann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 12, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Tapio Tarkka
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Zhao Y, Su X, Wang X, Wang M, Feng X, Aamir Manzoor M, Cai Y. Comparative genomic analysis of the COBRA genes in six Rosaceae species and expression analysis in Chinese white pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13723. [PMID: 35873912 PMCID: PMC9306554 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COBRA-Like (COBL) genes encode a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring protein unique to plants. In current study, 87 COBRA genes were identified in 6 Rosaceae species, including Pyrus bretschneideri (16 genes), Malus domestica (22 genes), Fragaria vesca (13 genes), Prunus mume (11 genes), Rubus occidentalis (13 genes) and Prunus avium (12 genes). We revealed the evolution of the COBRA gene in six Rosaceae species by phylogeny, gene structure, conservative sequence, hydrophobicity analysis, gene replication events and sliding window analysis. In addition, based on the analysis of expression patterns in pear fruit combined with bioinformatics, we identified PbCOBL12 and PbCOBL13 as potential genes regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) formation during pear stone cell development. This study aimed to understand the evolutionary relationship of the COBRA gene in Rosaceae species, clarify the potential function of COBRA in pear fruit development, and provide essential theoretical basis and gene resources for improving pear fruit quality through genetical modification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqiang Su
- Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HeFei, China
| | - Xinya Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengna Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Feng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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19
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Li Z, Zhou T, Sun P, Chen X, Gong L, Sun P, Ge S, Liang YK. COBL9 and COBL7 synergistically regulate root hair tip growth via controlling apical cellulose deposition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 596:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Kohli PS, Maurya K, Thakur JK, Bhosale R, Giri J. Significance of root hairs in developing stress-resilient plants for sustainable crop production. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:677-694. [PMID: 34854103 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs represent a beneficial agronomic trait to potentially reduce fertilizer and irrigation inputs. Over the past decades, research in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insights into root hair development, the underlying genetic framework and the integration of environmental cues within this framework. Recent years have seen a paradigm shift, where studies are now highlighting conservation and diversification of root hair developmental programs in other plant species and the agronomic relevance of root hairs in a wider ecological context. In this review, we specifically discuss the molecular evolution of the RSL (RHD Six-Like) pathway that controls root hair development and growth in land plants. We also discuss how root hairs contribute to plant performance as an active physiological rooting structure by performing resource acquisition, providing anchorage and constructing the rhizosphere with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Finally, we outline future research directions that can help achieve the potential of root hairs in developing sustainable agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanika Maurya
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra K Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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21
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Gu Y, Rasmussen CG. Cell biology of primary cell wall synthesis in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:103-128. [PMID: 34613413 PMCID: PMC8774047 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process. Additional complexity is required to mediate dynamic responses to environmental and developmental cues. Enzymes, sugars, and other cell wall components are constantly and actively transported to and from the plasma membrane during diffuse growth. Cell wall components are transported in vesicles on cytoskeletal tracks composed of microtubules and actin filaments. Many of these components, and additional proteins, vesicles, and lipids are trafficked to and from the cell plate during cytokinesis. In this review, we first discuss how the cytoskeleton is initially organized to add new cell wall material or to build a new cell wall, focusing on similarities during these processes. Next, we discuss how polysaccharides and enzymes that build the cell wall are trafficked to the correct location by motor proteins and through other interactions with the cytoskeleton. Finally, we discuss some of the special features of newly formed cell walls generated during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Author for correspondence: (Y.G.), (C.G.R.)
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22
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Gajek K, Janiak A, Korotko U, Chmielewska B, Marzec M, Szarejko I. Whole Exome Sequencing-Based Identification of a Novel Gene Involved in Root Hair Development in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413411. [PMID: 34948205 PMCID: PMC8709170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Root hairs play a crucial role in anchoring plants in soil, interaction with microorganisms and nutrient uptake from the rhizosphere. In contrast to Arabidopsis, there is a limited knowledge of root hair morphogenesis in monocots, including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We have isolated barley mutant rhp1.e with an abnormal root hair phenotype after chemical mutagenesis of spring cultivar ‘Sebastian’. The development of root hairs was initiated in the mutant but inhibited at the very early stage of tip growth. The length of root hairs reached only 3% of the length of parent cultivar. Using a whole exome sequencing (WES) approach, we identified G1674A mutation in the HORVU1Hr1G077230 gene, located on chromosome 1HL and encoding a cellulose synthase-like C1 protein (HvCSLC1) that might be involved in the xyloglucan (XyG) synthesis in root hairs. The identified mutation led to the retention of the second intron and premature termination of the HvCSLC1 protein. The mutation co-segregated with the abnormal root hair phenotype in the F2 progeny of rhp1.e mutant and its wild-type parent. Additionally, different substitutions in HORVU1Hr1G077230 were found in four other allelic mutants with the same root hair phenotype. Here, we discuss the putative role of HvCSLC1 protein in root hair tube elongation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gajek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Urszula Korotko
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Chmielewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Zaheer M, Rehman SU, Khan SH, Shahid S, Rasheed A, Naz R, Sajjad M. Characterization of new COBRA like (COBL) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their expression analysis under drought stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1379-1387. [PMID: 34800231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COBL genes encode a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. Recently identified COBRA genes are supposed as a key regulator of the orientation of cell expansion in the root indicating that COBRA gene family members are likely to be important players at the plasma membrane-cell wall interface. METHODS AND RESULTS Five COBL gene namely, TaCOBL 1, TaCOBL 2, TaCOBL 3, TaCOBL 4 and TaCOBL 5 were identified using database search and domain predictions. Chromosomal location of each gene was mapped on karyotype. Structure of genes, promoter analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using different bioinformatics tools. Set of novel SNPs were also predicted. Gene ontologies were analyzed, and the processes and pathways were identified in which COBRA genes were involved. The molecular weight all the cobra proteins was in range of 50-75 KDa with 429-461 amino acid residues. The COBL genes were mapped on homeologous groups 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Gene ontology analysis revealed that TaCOBL genes were involved in cellulose microfibril organization, mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development, plant-type cell wall biogenesis plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process, seed coat development and seed development. Three drought responsive cis-elements (WRKY, ABRE and DRE) were found nearby COBL genes The qRT-PCR revealed TaCOBL genes are drought responsive and can be further explored to understand their role in drought tolerance in wheat. CONCLUSION The comprehensive annotation and expression profiling of COBL genes revealed that all five COBL genes are drought response. The promoter cis-regulatory element analysis revealed that COBL genes had stress related WRKY, ABRE and DRE cis-regulatory elements. This evidence suggest that TaCOBL genes are involved in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaheer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Habibullah Khan
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shahmeer Shahid
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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24
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Li Z, Sun P, Sun P, Liang YK, Ge S. OsBC1L1 and OsBC1L8 function in stomatal development in rice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 576:40-47. [PMID: 34478918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stomata that are bordered by pairs of guard cells are specialized for regulating gas exchange and transpiration in plants. The stomatal morphology of grass is unique, characterized by two dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by two lateral subsidiary cells. This morphology and developmental pattern enable grass stomata to respond to environmental signals efficiently. In this study, we demonstrated that knockout either OsBC1L1 or OsBC1L8, two close homologs of OsBC1L family causes no discernible defects in rice stomatal development, however, the double knockout mutant osbc1l1 osbc1l8 exhibits excess stomatal production and stomatal clustering. OsBC1L1 overexpression also causes abnormal stomatal patterning in rice. Moreover, osbc1l1 osbc1l8 has many defective stomata complexes with only one subsidiary cell. The expression of OsSPCH2 and OsFAMA, two genes key to stomatal development is both down-regulated in osbc1l1 osbc1l8. In contrast, overexpressing OsBC1L1 suppresses only the expression of OsSPCH2. Both OsBC1L1 and OsBC1L8 could be detected to be localized at the cell plate and plasma membrane during cell division of guard mother cells and subsidiary mother cells. Taken together, these results suggest that OsBC1L1 and OsBC1L8 play essential roles in the development of rice stomatal complex likely through their involvement in cell reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shengchao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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25
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Julius BT, McCubbin TJ, Mertz RA, Baert N, Knoblauch J, Grant DG, Conner K, Bihmidine S, Chomet P, Wagner R, Woessner J, Grote K, Peevers J, Slewinski TL, McCann MC, Carpita NC, Knoblauch M, Braun DM. Maize Brittle Stalk2-Like3, encoding a COBRA protein, functions in cell wall formation and carbohydrate partitioning. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3348-3366. [PMID: 34323976 PMCID: PMC8505866 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate partitioning from leaves to sink tissues is essential for plant growth and development. The maize (Zea mays) recessive carbohydrate partitioning defective28 (cpd28) and cpd47 mutants exhibit leaf chlorosis and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars. Transport studies with 14C-sucrose (Suc) found drastically decreased export from mature leaves in cpd28 and cpd47 mutants relative to wild-type siblings. Consistent with decreased Suc export, cpd28 mutants exhibited decreased phloem pressure in mature leaves, and altered phloem cell wall ultrastructure in immature and mature leaves. We identified the causative mutations in the Brittle Stalk2-Like3 (Bk2L3) gene, a member of the COBRA family, which is involved in cell wall development across angiosperms. None of the previously characterized COBRA genes are reported to affect carbohydrate export. Consistent with other characterized COBRA members, the BK2L3 protein localized to the plasma membrane, and the mutants condition a dwarf phenotype in dark-grown shoots and primary roots, as well as the loss of anisotropic cell elongation in the root elongation zone. Likewise, both mutants exhibit a significant cellulose deficiency in mature leaves. Therefore, Bk2L3 functions in tissue growth and cell wall development, and this work elucidates a unique connection between cellulose deposition in the phloem and whole-plant carbohydrate partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Julius
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | - Tyler J McCubbin
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Rachel A Mertz
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Present address: Inari Agriculture, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | - Nick Baert
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Jan Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - DeAna G Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kyle Conner
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Saadia Bihmidine
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Paul Chomet
- NRGene Inc., 8910 University Center Lane, San Diego, California 92122, USA
| | - Ruth Wagner
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | - Jeff Woessner
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | - Karen Grote
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen C McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Author for correspondence:
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26
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Cai G, Carminati A, Abdalla M, Ahmed MA. Soil textures rather than root hairs dominate water uptake and soil-plant hydraulics under drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:858-872. [PMID: 34608949 PMCID: PMC8491061 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of root hairs (RHs) in nutrient uptake is well documented, their role in water uptake and drought tolerance remains controversial. Maize (Zea mays) wild-type and its hair-defective mutant (Mut; roothairless 3) were grown in two contrasting soil textures (sand and loam). We used a root pressure chamber to measure the relation between transpiration rate (E) and leaf xylem water potential (ψleaf_x) during soil drying. Our hypotheses were: (1) RHs extend root-soil contact and reduce the ψleaf_x decline at high E in dry soils; (2) the impact of RHs is more pronounced in sand; and (3) Muts partly compensate for lacking RHs by producing longer and/or thicker roots. The ψleaf_x(E) relation was linear in wet conditions and became nonlinear as the soils dried. This nonlinearity occurred more abruptly and at less negative matric potentials in sand (ca. -10 kPa) than in loam (ca. -100 kPa). At more negative soil matric potentials, soil hydraulic conductance became smaller than root hydraulic conductance in both soils. Both genotypes exhibited 1.7 times longer roots in loam, but 1.6 times thicker roots in sand. No differences were observed in the ψleaf_x(E) relation and active root length between the two genotypes. In maize, RHs had a minor contribution to soil-plant hydraulics in both soils and their putative role in water uptake was smaller than that reported for barley (Hordeum vulgare). These results suggest that the role of RHs cannot be easily generalized across species and soil textures affect the response of root hydraulics to soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Cai
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mohanned Abdalla
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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27
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Liu L, Jiang LG, Luo JH, Xia AA, Chen LQ, He Y. Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic architecture of root hair length in maize. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:664. [PMID: 34521344 PMCID: PMC8442424 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root hair, a special type of tubular-shaped cell, outgrows from root epidermal cell and plays important roles in the acquisition of nutrients and water, as well as interactions with biotic and abiotic stress. Although many genes involved in root hair development have been identified, genetic basis of natural variation in root hair growth has never been explored. Results Here, we utilized a maize association panel including 281 inbred lines with tropical, subtropical, and temperate origins to decipher the phenotypic diversity and genetic basis of root hair length. We demonstrated significant associations of root hair length with many metabolic pathways and other agronomic traits. Combining root hair phenotypes with 1.25 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed several candidate genes implicated in cellular signaling, polar growth, disease resistance and various metabolic pathways. Conclusions These results illustrate the genetic basis of root hair length in maize, offering a list of candidate genes predictably contributing to root hair growth, which are invaluable resource for the future functional investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07961-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu-Guang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin-Hong Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ai-Ai Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Wang L, Li X, Mang M, Ludewig U, Shen J. Heterogeneous nutrient supply promotes maize growth and phosphorus acquisition: additive and compensatory effects of lateral roots and root hairs. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:431-440. [PMID: 34309655 PMCID: PMC8414595 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root proliferation is a response to a heterogeneous nutrient distribution. However, the growth of root hairs in response to heterogeneous nutrients and the relationship between root hairs and lateral roots remain unclear. This study aims to understand the effects of heterogeneous nutrients on root hair growth and the trade-off between root hairs and lateral roots in phosphorus (P) acquisition. METHODS Near-isogenic maize lines, the B73 wild type (WT) and the rth3 root hairless mutant, were grown in rhizoboxes with uniform or localized supply of 40 (low) or 140 (high) mg P kg-1 soil. RESULTS Both WT and rth3 had nearly two-fold greater shoot biomass and P content under local than uniform treatment at low P. Significant root proliferation was observed in both WT and rth3 in the nutrient patch, with the WT accompanied by an obvious increase (from 0.7 to 1.2 mm) in root hair length. The root response ratio of rth3 was greater than that of WT at low P, but could not completely compensate for the loss of root hairs. This suggests that plants enhanced P acquisition through complementarity between lateral roots and root hairs, and thus regulated nutrient foraging and shoot growth. The disappearance of WT and rth3 root response differences at high P indicated that the P application reduced the dependence of the plants on specific root traits to obtain nutrients. CONCLUSIONS In addition to root proliferation, the root response to a nutrient-rich patch was also accompanied by root hair elongation. The genotypes without root hairs increased their investment in lateral roots in a nutrient-rich patch to compensate for the absence of root hairs, suggesting that plants enhanced nutrient acquisition by regulating the trade-off of complementary root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Melissa Mang
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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29
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Ober ES, Alahmad S, Cockram J, Forestan C, Hickey LT, Kant J, Maccaferri M, Marr E, Milner M, Pinto F, Rambla C, Reynolds M, Salvi S, Sciara G, Snowdon RJ, Thomelin P, Tuberosa R, Uauy C, Voss-Fels KP, Wallington E, Watt M. Wheat root systems as a breeding target for climate resilience. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1645-1662. [PMID: 33900415 PMCID: PMC8206059 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the coming decades, larger genetic gains in yield will be necessary to meet projected demand, and this must be achieved despite the destabilizing impacts of climate change on crop production. The root systems of crops capture the water and nutrients needed to support crop growth, and improved root systems tailored to the challenges of specific agricultural environments could improve climate resiliency. Each component of root initiation, growth and development is controlled genetically and responds to the environment, which translates to a complex quantitative system to navigate for the breeder, but also a world of opportunity given the right tools. In this review, we argue that it is important to know more about the 'hidden half' of crop plants and hypothesize that crop improvement could be further enhanced using approaches that directly target selection for root system architecture. To explore these issues, we focus predominantly on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a staple crop that plays a major role in underpinning global food security. We review the tools available for root phenotyping under controlled and field conditions and the use of these platforms alongside modern genetics and genomics resources to dissect the genetic architecture controlling the wheat root system. To contextualize these advances for applied wheat breeding, we explore questions surrounding which root system architectures should be selected for, which agricultural environments and genetic trait configurations of breeding populations are these best suited to, and how might direct selection for these root ideotypes be implemented in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Ober
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.
| | - Samir Alahmad
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James Cockram
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Cristian Forestan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lee T Hickey
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Josefine Kant
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-2, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Maccaferri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emily Marr
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Francisco Pinto
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 56237, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Charlotte Rambla
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 56237, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Silvio Salvi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciara
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Tuberosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Kai P Voss-Fels
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Michelle Watt
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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30
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Gebauer L, Bouffaud ML, Ganther M, Yim B, Vetterlein D, Smalla K, Buscot F, Heintz-Buschart A, Tarkka MT. Soil Texture, Sampling Depth and Root Hairs Shape the Structure of ACC Deaminase Bacterial Community Composition in Maize Rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:616828. [PMID: 33613486 PMCID: PMC7891401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.616828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of the phytostimulatory functions of plant growth-promoting bacteria relies on the adaptation of their community to the rhizosphere environment. Here, an amplicon sequencing approach was implemented to specifically target microorganisms with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, carrying the acdS gene. We stated the hypothesis that the relative phylogenetic distribution of acdS carrying microorganisms is affected by the presence or absence of root hairs, soil type, and depth. To this end, a standardized soil column experiment was conducted with maize wild type and root hair defective rth3 mutant in the substrates loam and sand, and harvest was implemented from three depths. Most acdS sequences (99%) were affiliated to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the strongest influence on the relative abundances of sequences were exerted by the substrate. Variovorax, Acidovorax, and Ralstonia sequences dominated in loam, whereas Streptomyces and Agromyces were more abundant in sand. Soil depth caused strong variations in acdS sequence distribution, with differential levels in the relative abundances of acdS sequences affiliated to Tetrasphaera, Amycolatopsis, and Streptomyces in loam, but Burkholderia, Paraburkholderia, and Variovorax in sand. Maize genotype influenced the distribution of acdS sequences mainly in loam and only in the uppermost depth. Variovorax acdS sequences were more abundant in WT, but Streptomyces, Microbacterium, and Modestobacter in rth3 rhizosphere. Substrate and soil depth were strong and plant genotype a further significant single and interacting drivers of acdS carrying microbial community composition in the rhizosphere of maize. This suggests that maize rhizosphere acdS carrying bacterial community establishes according to the environmental constraints, and that root hairs possess a minor but significant impact on acdS carrying bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gebauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Minh Ganther
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Bunlong Yim
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mika T Tarkka
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the COBRA-Like Gene Family Supports Gene Expansion through Whole-Genome Duplication in Soybean ( Glycine max). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010167. [PMID: 33467151 PMCID: PMC7830662 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COBRA-like (COBL) gene family has been associated with the regulation of cell wall expansion and cellulose deposition. COBL mutants result in reduced levels and disorganized deposition of cellulose causing defects in the cell wall and inhibiting plant development. In this study, we report the identification of 24 COBL genes (GmCOBL) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the COBL proteins are divided into two groups, which differ by about 170 amino acids in the N-terminal region. The GmCOBL genes were heterogeneously distributed in 14 of the 20 soybean chromosomes. This study showed that segmental duplication has contributed significantly to the expansion of the COBL family in soybean during all Glycine-specific whole-genome duplication events. The expression profile revealed that the expression of the paralogous genes is highly variable between organs and tissues of the plant. Only 20% of the paralogous gene pairs showed similar expression patterns. The high expression levels of some GmCOBLs suggest they are likely essential for regulating cell expansion during the whole soybean life cycle. Our comprehensive overview of the COBL gene family in soybean provides useful information for further understanding the evolution and diversification of COBL genes in soybean.
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Talukder SK, Islam MS, Krom N, Chang J, Saha MC. Drought Responsive Putative Marker-Trait Association in Tall Fescue as Influenced by the Presence of a Novel Endophyte. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:729797. [PMID: 34745162 PMCID: PMC8565914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.729797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is one of the most important cool-season perennial obligatory outcrossing forage grasses in the United States. The production and persistence of tall fescue is significantly affected by drought in the south-central United States. Shoot-specific endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala)-infected tall fescue showed superior performance under both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. We performed a genome-wide association analysis using clonal pairs of novel endophyte AR584-positive (EP) and endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue populations consisting of 205 genotypes to identify marker-trait associations (MTAs) that contribute to drought tolerance. The experiment was performed through November 2014 to June 2018 in the field, and phenotypic data were taken on plant height, plant spread, plant vigor, and dry biomass weight under natural summer conditions of sporadic drought. Genotyping-by-sequencing of the population generated 3,597 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for further analysis. We identified 26 putative drought responsive MTAs (17 specific to EP, eight specific to EF, and one in both EP and EF populations) and nine of them (i.e., V.ep_10, S.ef_12, V.ep_27, HSV.ef_31, S.ep_30, SV.ef_32, V.ep_68, V.ef_56, and H.ef_57) were identified within 0.5 Mb region in the tall fescue genome (44.5-44.7, 75.3-75.8, 77.5-77.9 and 143.7-144.2 Mb). Using 26 MTAs, 11 tall fescue genotypes were selected for subsequent study to develop EP and EF drought tolerant tall fescue populations. Ten orthologous genes (six for EP and four for EF population) were identified in Brachypodium genome as potential candidates for drought tolerance in tall fescue, which were also earlier reported for their involvement in abiotic stress tolerance. The MTAs and candidate genes identified in this study will be useful for marker-assisted selection in improving drought tolerance of tall fescue as well opening avenue for further drought study in tall fescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal K. Talukder
- Grass Genomics, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
| | - Md. Shofiqul Islam
- Grass Genomics, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Nick Krom
- Scientific Computing, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Junil Chang
- Scientific Computing, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Malay C. Saha
- Grass Genomics, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Malay C. Saha,
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Ma X, Li X, Ludewig U. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization outcompetes root hairs in maize under low phosphorus availability. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:155-166. [PMID: 32877525 PMCID: PMC7750718 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An increase in root hair length and density and the development of arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis are two alternative strategies of most plants to increase the root-soil surface area under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Across many plant species, root hair length and mycorrhization density are inversely correlated. Root architecture, rooting density and physiology also differ between species. This study aims to understand the relationship among root hairs, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization, plant growth, P acquisition and mycorrhizal-specific Pi transporter gene expression in maize. METHODS Using nearly isogenic maize lines, the B73 wild type and the rth3 root hairless mutant, we quantified the effect of root hairs and AMF infection in a calcareous soil under P deficiency through a combined analysis of morphological, physiological and molecular factors. KEY RESULTS Wild-type root hairs extended the rhizosphere for acid phosphatase activity by 0.5 mm compared with the rth3 hairless mutant, as measured by in situ zymography. Total root length of the wild type was longer than that of rth3 under P deficiency. Higher AMF colonization and mycorrhiza-induced phosphate transporter gene expression were identified in the mutant under P deficiency, but plant growth and P acquisition were similar between mutant and the wild type. The mycorrhizal dependency of maize was 33 % higher than the root hair dependency. CONCLUSIONS The results identified larger mycorrhizal dependency than root hair dependency under P deficiency in maize. Root hairs and AMF inoculation are two alternative ways to increase Pi acquisition under P deficiency, but these two strategies compete with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xuelian Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
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Marcon C, Altrogge L, Win YN, Stöcker T, Gardiner JM, Portwood JL, Opitz N, Kortz A, Baldauf JA, Hunter CT, McCarty DR, Koch KE, Schoof H, Hochholdinger F. BonnMu: A Sequence-Indexed Resource of Transposon-Induced Maize Mutations for Functional Genomics Studies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:620-631. [PMID: 32769162 PMCID: PMC7536688 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-indexed insertional libraries in maize (Zea mays) are fundamental resources for functional genetics studies. Here, we constructed a Mutator (Mu) insertional library in the B73 inbred background designated BonnMu A total of 1,152 Mu-tagged F2-families were sequenced using the Mu-seq approach. We detected 225,936 genomic Mu insertion sites and 41,086 high quality germinal Mu insertions covering 16,392 of the annotated maize genes (37% of the B73v4 genome). On average, each F2-family of the BonnMu libraries captured 37 germinal Mu insertions in genes of the Filtered Gene Set (FGS). All BonnMu insertions and phenotypic seedling photographs of Mu-tagged F2-families can be accessed via MaizeGDB.org Downstream examination of 137,410 somatic and germinal insertion sites revealed that 50% of the tagged genes have a single hotspot, targeted by Mu By comparing our BonnMu (B73) data to the UniformMu (W22) library, we identified conserved insertion hotspots between different genetic backgrounds. Finally, the vast majority of BonnMu and UniformMu transposons was inserted near the transcription start site of genes. Remarkably, 75% of all BonnMu insertions were in closer proximity to the transcription start site (distance: 542 bp) than to the start codon (distance: 704 bp), which corresponds to open chromatin, especially in the 5' region of genes. Our European sequence-indexed library of Mu insertions provides an important resource for functional genetics studies of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marcon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Altrogge
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yan Naing Win
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tyll Stöcker
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jack M Gardiner
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - John L Portwood
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Nina Opitz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Kortz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jutta A Baldauf
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles T Hunter
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Karen E Koch
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Heiko Schoof
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Xie Y, Ying J, Xu L, Wang Y, Dong J, Chen Y, Tang M, Li C, M'mbone Muleke E, Liu L. Genome-wide sRNA and mRNA transcriptomic profiling insights into dynamic regulation of taproot thickening in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:373. [PMID: 32770962 PMCID: PMC7414755 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taproot is the main edible organ and ultimately determines radish yield and quality. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening awaits further investigation in radish. Here, RNA-seq was performed to identify critical genes involved in radish taproot thickening from three advanced inbred lines with different root size. RESULTS A total of 2606 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between 'NAU-DY' (large acicular) and 'NAU-YB' (medium obovate), which were significantly enriched in 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis', 'glucosinolate biosynthesis', and 'starch and sucrose metabolism' pathway. Meanwhile, a total of 16 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were shared between 'NAU-DY' and 'NAU-YH' (small circular), whereas 12 miRNAs exhibited specific differential expression in 'NAU-DY'. Association analysis indicated that miR393a-bHLH77, miR167c-ARF8, and miR5658-APL might be key factors to biological phenomenon of taproot type variation, and a putative regulatory model of taproot thickening and development was proposed. Furthermore, several critical genes including SUS1, EXPB3, and CDC5 were characterized and profiled by RT-qPCR analysis. CONCLUSION This integrated study on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional profiles could provide new insights into comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying taproot thickening in root vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jiali Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Everlyne M'mbone Muleke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Mi Y, Mao H, Liu S, Chen L, Qin F. Genetic variation in ZmTIP1 contributes to root hair elongation and drought tolerance in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1271-1283. [PMID: 31692165 PMCID: PMC7152618 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that threatens maize production globally. A previous genome-wide association study identified a significant association between the natural variation of ZmTIP1 and the drought tolerance of maize seedlings. Here, we report on comprehensive genetic and functional analysis, indicating that ZmTIP1, which encodes a functional S-acyltransferase, plays a positive role in regulating the length of root hairs and the level of drought tolerance in maize. We show that enhancing ZmTIP1 expression in transgenic Arabidopsis and maize increased root hair length, as well as plant tolerance to water deficit. In contrast, ZmTIP1 transposon-insertional mutants displayed the opposite phenotype. A calcium-dependent protein kinase, ZmCPK9, was identified as a substrate protein of ZmTIP1, and ZmTIP1-mediated palmitoylation of two cysteine residues facilitated the ZmCPK9 PM association. The results of this research enrich our knowledge about ZmTIP1-mediated protein S-acylation modifications in relation to the regulation of root hair elongation and drought tolerance. Additionally, the identification of a favourable allele of ZmTIP1 also provides a valuable genetic resource or selection target for the genetic improvement of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yue Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hude Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Shengxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Ma L, Qing C, Frei U, Shen Y, Lübberstedt T. Association mapping for root system architecture traits under two nitrogen conditions in germplasm enhancement of maize doubled haploid lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zheng Z, Hey S, Jubery T, Liu H, Yang Y, Coffey L, Miao C, Sigmon B, Schnable JC, Hochholdinger F, Ganapathysubramanian B, Schnable PS. Shared Genetic Control of Root System Architecture between Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:977-991. [PMID: 31740504 PMCID: PMC6997706 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Determining the genetic control of root system architecture (RSA) in plants via large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) requires high-throughput pipelines for root phenotyping. We developed Core Root Excavation using Compressed-air (CREAMD), a high-throughput pipeline for the cleaning of field-grown roots, and Core Root Feature Extraction (COFE), a semiautomated pipeline for the extraction of RSA traits from images. CREAMD-COFE was applied to diversity panels of maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), which consisted of 369 and 294 genotypes, respectively. Six RSA-traits were extracted from images collected from >3,300 maize roots and >1,470 sorghum roots. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based GWAS identified 87 TAS (trait-associated SNPs) in maize, representing 77 genes and 115 TAS in sorghum. An additional 62 RSA-associated maize genes were identified via expression read depth GWAS. Among the 139 maize RSA-associated genes (or their homologs), 22 (16%) are known to affect RSA in maize or other species. In addition, 26 RSA-associated genes are coregulated with genes previously shown to affect RSA and 51 (37% of RSA-associated genes) are themselves transe-quantitative trait locus for another RSA-associated gene. Finally, the finding that RSA-associated genes from maize and sorghum included seven pairs of syntenic genes demonstrates the conservation of regulation of morphology across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zheng
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Stefan Hey
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Talukder Jubery
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Huyu Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lisa Coffey
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Chenyong Miao
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Brandi Sigmon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - James C Schnable
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | | | - Patrick S Schnable
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Safdar LB, Andleeb T, Latif S, Umer MJ, Tang M, Li X, Liu S, Quraishi UM. Genome-Wide Association Study and QTL Meta-Analysis Identified Novel Genomic Loci Controlling Potassium Use Efficiency and Agronomic Traits in Bread Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:70. [PMID: 32133017 PMCID: PMC7041172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Potassium use efficiency, a complex trait, directly impacts the yield potential of crop plants. Low potassium efficiency leads to a high use of fertilizers, which is not only farmer unfriendly but also deteriorates the environment. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used to dissect complex traits. However, most studies use single-locus one-dimensional GWAS models which do not provide true information about complex traits that are controlled by multiple loci. Here, both single-locus GWAS (MLM) and multi-locus GWAS (pLARmEB, FASTmrMLM, mrMLM, FASTmrEMMA) models were used with genotyping from 90 K Infinium SNP array and phenotype derived from four normal and potassium-stress environments, which identified 534 significant marker-trait associations (MTA) for agronomic and potassium related traits: pLARmEB = 279, FASTmrMLM = 213, mrMLM = 35, MLM = 6, FASTmrEMMA = 1. Further screening of these MTA led to the detection of eleven stable loci: q1A, q1D, q2B-1, q2B-2, q2D, q4D, q5B-1, q5B-2, q5B-3, q6D, and q7A. Moreover, Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis of four independent QTL studies for potassium deficiency in bread wheat located 16 MQTL on 13 chromosomes. One locus identified in this study (q5B-1) colocalized with an MQTL (MQTL_11 ), while the other ten loci were novel associations. Gene ontology of these loci identified 20 putative candidate genes encoding functional proteins involved in key pathways related to stress tolerance, sugar metabolism, and nutrient transport. These findings provide potential targets for breeding potassium stress resistant wheat cultivars and advocate the advantages of multi-locus GWAS models for studying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqman Bin Safdar
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Andleeb
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Latif
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shengyi Liu, ; Umar Masood Quraishi,
| | - Umar Masood Quraishi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Shengyi Liu, ; Umar Masood Quraishi,
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Deng Q, Kong Z, Wu X, Ma S, Yuan Y, Jia H, Ma Z. Cloning of a COBL gene determining brittleness in diploid wheat using a MapRseq approach. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:141-150. [PMID: 31203879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue brittleness is related to cellular structure and lodging. MED0031 is a mutant identified previously from ethyl methane sulfonate treatment of diploid wheat accession TA2726, showing brittleness in both stem and leaf. In microscopic and histological observations, the mutant was found to have less large vascular bundles per unit area, a thinner sclerenchyma cell wall, and a broader parenchyma, compared with the wild type. The mutated gene, TmBr1, was mapped to a 0.056 cM interval on chromosome 5Am. This gene was cloned using a MapRseq approach that searched the candidate gene through combination of the prior target gene mapping information with SNP calling and discovery of differentially expressed genes from RNA_seq data of the wild type and a BC3F2 bulk showing the mutant phenotype. TmBr1 encodes a COBL protein and a nonsense mutation within the region coding for the conserved COBRA domain caused premature translation termination. Introduction of TmBr1 to Arabidopsis AtCOBL4 mutant rescued the phenotype, demonstrating their functional conservation. Apart from the effect on cellulose content, the TmBr1 mutation might modulate synthesis of noncellulosic polysaccharide pectin as well. Application of the MapRseq approach to isolation of genes present in recombination cold spots and complicated genomes was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Deng
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongxin Kong
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengwei Ma
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqiang Ma
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China.
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Evolution of Deeper Rooting 1-like homoeologs in wheat entails the C-terminus mutations as well as gain and loss of auxin response elements. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214145. [PMID: 30947257 PMCID: PMC6448822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Root growth angle (RGA) in response to gravity controlled by auxin is a pertinent target trait for obtainment of higher yield in cereals. But molecular basis of this root architecture trait remain obscure in wheat and barley. We selected four cultivars two each for wheat and barley to unveil the molecular genetic mechanism of Deeper Rooting 1-like gene which controls RGA in rice leading to higher yield under drought imposition. Morphological analyses revealed a deeper and vertically oriented root growth in “NARC 2009” variety of wheat than “Galaxy” and two other barley cultivars “Scarlet” and “ISR42-8”. Three new homoeologs designated as TaANDRO1-like, TaBNDRO1-like and TaDNDRO1-like corresponding to A, B and D genomes of wheat could be isolated from “NARC 2009”. Due to frameshift and intronization/exonization events the gene structures of these paralogs exhibit variations in size. DRO1-like genes with five distinct domains prevail in diverse plant phyla from mosses to angiosperms but in lower plants their differentiation from LAZY, NGR and TAC1 (root and shoot angle genes) is enigmatic. Instead of IGT as denominator motif of this family, a new C-terminus motif WxxTD in the V-domain is proposed as family specific motif. The EAR-like motif IVLEM at the C-terminus of the TaADRO1-like and TaDDRO1-like that diverged to KLHTLIPNK in TaBDRO1-like and HvDRO1-like is the hallmark of these proteins. Split-YFP and yeast two hybrid assays complemented the interaction of TaDRO1-like with TOPLESS—a repressor of auxin regulated root promoting genes in plants—through IVLEM/KLHTLIPNK motif. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed abundance of DRO1-like RNA in root tips and spikelets while transcript signals were barely detectable in shoot and leaf tissues. Interestingly, wheat exhibited stronger expression of TaBDRO1-like than barley (HvDRO1-like), but TaBDRO1-like was the least expressing among three paralogs. The underlying cause of this expression divergence seems to be the presence of AuxRE motif TGTCTC and core TGTC with a coupling AuxRE-like motif ATTTTCTT proximal to the transcriptional start site in TaBDRO1-like and HvDRO1-like promoters. This is evident from binding of ARF1 to TGTCTC and TGTC motifs of TaBDRO1-like as revealed by yeast one-hybrid assay. Thus, evolution of DRO1-like wheat homoeologs might incorporate the C-terminus mutations as well as gain and loss of AuxREs and other cis-regulatory elements during expression divergence. Since root architecture is an important target trait for wheat crop improvement, therefore DRO1-like genes have potential applications in plant breeding for enhancement of plant productivity by the use of modern genome editing approaches.
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Jia Z, Liu Y, Gruber BD, Neumann K, Kilian B, Graner A, von Wirén N. Genetic Dissection of Root System Architectural Traits in Spring Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:400. [PMID: 31001309 PMCID: PMC6454135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Breeding new crop cultivars with efficient root systems carries great potential to enhance resource use efficiency and plant adaptation to unstable climates. Here, we evaluated the natural variation of root system architectural traits in a diverse spring barley association panel and conducted genome-wide association mapping to identify genomic regions associated with root traits. For six studied traits, root system depth, root spreading angle, seminal root number, total seminal root length, and average seminal root length 1.9- to 4.2-fold variations were recorded. Using a mixed linear model, 55 QTLs were identified cumulatively explaining between 12.1% of the phenotypic variance for seminal root number to 48.1% of the variance for root system depth. Three major QTLs controlling root system depth, root spreading angle and total seminal root length were found on Chr 2H (56.52 cM), Chr 3H (67.92 cM), and Chr 2H (76.20 cM) and explained 12.4%, 18.4%, and 22.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Meta-analysis and allele combination analysis indicated that root system depth and root spreading angle are valuable candidate traits for improving grain yield by pyramiding of favorable alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Jia
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ying Liu
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Gruber
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kerstin Neumann
- Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Graner
- Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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Li P, Liu Y, Tan W, Chen J, Zhu M, Lv Y, Liu Y, Yu S, Zhang W, Cai H. Brittle Culm 1 Encodes a COBRA-Like Protein Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Cellulose Biosynthesis in Sorghum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:788-801. [PMID: 30590744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant mechanical strength contributes to lodging resistance and grain yield, making it an agronomically important trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). In this study, we isolated the brittle culm 1 (bc1) mutant and identified SbBC1 through map-based cloning. SbBC1, a homolog of rice OsBC1 and Arabidopsis thaliana AtCOBL4, encodes a COBRA-like protein that exhibits typical structural features of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. A single-nucleotide mutation in SbBC1 led to reduced mechanical strength, decreased cellulose content, and increased lignin content without obviously altering plant morphology. Transmission electron microscopy revealed reduced cell wall thickness in sclerenchyma cells of the bc1 mutant. SbBC1 is primarily expressed in developing sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundles in sorghum. RNA-seq analysis further suggested a possible mechanism by which SbBC1 mediates cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall remodeling. Our results demonstrate that SbBC1 participates in the biosynthesis of cellulose in the secondary cell wall and affects the mechanical strength of sorghum plants, providing additional genetic evidence for the roles of COBRA-like genes in cellulose biosynthesis in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Tan
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Shuancang Yu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
- Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agricultural and Forage Seed Association, 388-5 Higashiakada, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
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He Y, Hu D, You J, Wu D, Cui Y, Dong H, Li J, Qian W. Genome-wide association study and protein network analysis for understanding candidate genes involved in root development at the rapeseed seedling stage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:42-52. [PMID: 30738216 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Root system is essential for plants to absorb water and nutrients. The root related traits are complex quantitative traits and regulated by genetic control. Here, we used two association mapping panels to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on seven root related traits in Brassica napus at the seedling stage and obtained 27 SNP loci significantly associated with the phenotypes. We further conducted a genome-wide LD block analysis of the candidate peak regions and obtained 295 candidate genes with high association peaks across seven phenotypes in LD region. In addition, a protein interaction network using the candidate genes identified here was constructed, and 113 genes were associated. Seven genes, BnaA03g47330D, BnaC09g16810D, BnaA06g22840D, BnaA03g28390D, BnaA08g19920D, BnaA03g28930D and BnaA03g11440D were in a large cluster, and may play important roles in interacting with other related genes. Our data may provide resources for molecular breeding and functional analysis of root growth and development in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Dingxue Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jingcan You
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Daoming Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Hongli Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Li P, Pan T, Wang H, Wei J, Chen M, Hu X, Zhao Y, Yang X, Yin S, Xu Y, Fang H, Liu J, Xu C, Yang Z. Natural variation of ZmHKT1 affects root morphology in maize at the seedling stage. PLANTA 2019; 249:879-889. [PMID: 30460404 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Eight variants in ZmHKT1 promoter were significantly associated with root diameter, four haplotypes based on these significant variants were found, and Hap2 has the largest root diameter. Roots play an important role in uptake of water, nutrients and plant anchorage. Identification of gene and corresponding SNPs associated with root traits would enable develop maize lines with better root traits that might help to improve capacity for absorbing nutrients and water acquisition. The genomic sequences of a salt tolerance gene ZmHKT1 was resequenced in 349 maize inbred lines, and the association between nucleotide polymorphisms and seedling root traits was detected. A total of 269 variants in ZmHKT1 were identified, including 226 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 43 insertions and deletions. The gene displayed high level of nucleotide diversity, especially in non-genic regions. A total of 19 variations in untranslated region of ZmHKT1 were found to be associated with six seedling traits. Eight variants in promoter region were significantly associated with average root diameter (ARD), four haplotypes were found based on these significant variants, and Hap2 has the largest ARD. Two SNPs in high-linkage disequilibrium (SNP-415 and SNP 2169) with pleiotropic effects were significantly associated with plant height, root surface area, root volume, and shoot dry weight. This result revealed that ZmHKT1 was an important contributor to the phenotypic variations of seedling root traits in maize, these significant variants could use to develop functional markers to improve root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Houmiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minjun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuangyi Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chenwu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Zhou K. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Arabidopsis and One of Their Common Roles in Signaling Transduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31555307 PMCID: PMC6726743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diverse proteins are found modified with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) at their carboxyl terminus in eukaryotes, which allows them to associate with membrane lipid bilayers and anchor on the external surface of the plasma membrane. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play crucial roles in various processes, and more and more GPI-APs have been identified and studied. In this review, previous genomic and proteomic predictions of GPI-APs in Arabidopsis have been updated, which reveal their high abundance and complexity. From studies of individual GPI-APs in Arabidopsis, certain GPI-APs have been found associated with partner receptor-like kinases (RLKs), targeting RLKs to their subcellular localization and helping to recognize extracellular signaling polypeptide ligands. Interestingly, the association might also be involved in ligand selection. The analyses suggest that GPI-APs are essential and widely involved in signal transduction through association with RLKs.
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47
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Wong GR, Mazumdar P, Lau SE, Harikrishna JA. Ectopic expression of a Musa acuminata root hair defective 3 (MaRHD3) in Arabidopsis enhances drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:219-233. [PMID: 30292098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement is an important approach for crop improvement towards yield stability in stress-prone areas. Functional analysis of candidate stress response genes can provide key information to allow the selection and modification of improved crop varieties. In this study, the constitutive expression of a banana cDNA, MaRHD3 in Arabidopsis improved the ability of transgenic lines to adapt to drought conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing MaRHD3 had roots with enhanced branching and more root hairs when challenged with drought stress. The MaRHD3 plants had higher biomass accumulation, higher relative water content, higher chlorophyll content and an increase in activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes; SOD, CAT, GR, POD and APX with reduced water loss rates compared to control plants. The analysis of oxidative damage indicated lower cell membrane damage in transgenic lines compared to control plants. These findings, together with data from higher expression of ABF-3 and higher ABA content of drought-stressed transgenic MaRHD3 expressing plants, support the involvement of the ABA signal pathway and ROS scavenging enzyme systems in MaRHD3 mediated drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo Rong Wong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Purabi Mazumdar
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su-Ee Lau
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Ann Harikrishna
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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48
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Bray AL, Topp CN. The Quantitative Genetic Control of Root Architecture in Maize. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1919-1930. [PMID: 30020530 PMCID: PMC6178961 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Roots remain an underexplored frontier in plant genetics despite their well-known influence on plant development, agricultural performance and competition in the wild. Visualizing and measuring root structures and their growth is vastly more difficult than characterizing aboveground parts of the plant and is often simply avoided. The majority of research on maize root systems has focused on their anatomy, physiology, development and soil interaction, but much less is known about the genetics that control quantitative traits. In maize, seven root development genes have been cloned using mutagenesis, but no genes underlying the many root-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified. In this review, we discuss whether the maize mutants known to control root development may also influence quantitative aspects of root architecture, including the extent to which they overlap with the most recent maize root trait QTLs. We highlight specific challenges and anticipate the impacts that emerging technologies, especially computational approaches, may have toward the identification of genes controlling root quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Bray
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher N Topp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, 314 587 1501
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Gajewska P, Janiak A, Kwasniewski M, Kędziorski P, Szarejko I. Forward Genetics Approach Reveals a Mutation in bHLH Transcription Factor-Encoding Gene as the Best Candidate for the Root Hairless Phenotype in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1229. [PMID: 30233607 PMCID: PMC6129617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are the part of root architecture contributing significantly to the root surface area. Their role is particularly substantial in maintaining plant growth under stress conditions, however, knowledge on mechanism of root hair differentiation is still limited for majority of crop species, including barley. Here, we report the results of a map-based identification of a candidate gene responsible for the lack of root epidermal cell differentiation, which results in the lack of root hairs in barley. The analysis was based on the root hairless barley mutant rhl1.b, obtained after chemical mutagenesis of spring cultivar 'Karat'. The rhl1 gene was located in chromosome 7HS in our previous studies. Fine mapping allowed to narrow the interval encompassing rhl1 gene to 3.7 cM, which on physical barley map spans a region of 577 kb. Five high confidence genes are located within this region and their sequencing resulted in the identification of A>T mutation in one candidate, HORVU7Hr1G030250 (MLOC_38567), differing the mutant from its parent variety. The mutation, located in the 3' splice-junction site, caused the retention of the last intron, 98 bp long, in mRNA of rhl1.b allele. This resulted in the frameshift, the synthesis of 71 abnormal amino acids and introduction of premature STOP codon in mRNA. The mutation was present in the recombinants from the mapping population (F2rhl1.b × 'Morex') that lacked root hairs. The candidate gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor with LRL domain and may be involved in early stages of root hair cell development. We discuss the possible involvement of HORVU7Hr1G030250 in this process, as the best candidate responsible for early stages of rhizodermis differentiation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Gajewska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kędziorski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Ju C, Zhang W, Liu Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Yan J, Yang X, Li J. Genetic analysis of seedling root traits reveals the association of root trait with other agronomic traits in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:171. [PMID: 30111287 PMCID: PMC6094888 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root systems play important roles in crop growth and stress responses. Although genetic mechanism of root traits in maize (Zea mays L.) has been investigated in different mapping populations, root traits have rarely been utilized in breeding programs. Elucidation of the genetic basis of maize root traits and, more importantly, their connection to other agronomic trait(s), such as grain yield, may facilitate root trait manipulation and maize germplasm improvement. In this study, we analyzed genome-wide genetic loci for maize seedling root traits at three time-points after seed germination to identify chromosomal regions responsible for both seedling root traits and other agronomic traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (Zong3 × Yu87-1). RESULTS Eight seedling root traits were examined at 4, 9, and 14 days after seed germination, and thirty-six putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs), accounting for 9.0-23.2% of the phenotypic variation in root traits, were detected. Co-localization of root trait QTLs was observed at, but not between, the three time-points. We identified strong or moderate correlations between root traits controlled by each co-localized QTL region. Furthermore, we identified an overlap in the QTL locations of seedling root traits examined here and six other traits reported previously in the same RIL population, including grain yield-related traits, plant height-related traits, and traits in relation to stress responses. Maize chromosomal bins 1.02-1.03, 1.07, 2.06-2.07, 5.05, 7.02-7.03, 9.04, and 10.06 were identified QTL hotspots for three or four more traits in addition to seedling root traits. CONCLUSIONS Our identification of co-localization of root trait QTLs at, but not between, each of the three time-points suggests that maize seedling root traits are regulated by different sets of pleiotropic-effect QTLs at different developmental stages. Furthermore, the identification of QTL hotspots suggests the genetic association of seedling root traits with several other traits and reveals maize chromosomal regions valuable for marker-assisted selection to improve root systems and other agronomic traits simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Ju
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ya Liu
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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