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Xue Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Wu F, Huang L, Qin S, Zhang M, Yang X, Deng Z, Jiang H, Li L, Chai Y. Brassica napus cytochrome P450 superfamily: Origin from parental species and involvement in diseases resistance, abiotic stresses tolerance, and seed quality traits. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116792. [PMID: 39096688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) constitute the largest enzymic protein family that is widely present in plants, animals, and microorganisms, participate in numerous metabolic pathways, and play diverse roles in development, metabolism, and defense. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an important oil crop worldwide and have many versions of reference genome. However, there is no systemically comparative genome-wide analysis of CYP450 family genes in rapeseed and its parental species B. rapa and B. oleracea. In this study, we identified 765, 293 and 437 CYP450 genes in B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea, respectively, which were unevenly located in A01-A10 and/or C01-C09 chromosomes in corresponding species. Phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated that 1745 CYP450 proteins from three Brassica species and Arabidopsis were divided into 4 groups. Whole genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication resulted in gene expansion of CYP450 family in three Brassica species. There were 33-83 SSR loci in CYP450 genes of three Brassica species, and numerous transcription factor binding sites were identified in their promoters. A total of 459-777 miRNAs were predicted to target 174-426 CYP450 genes in three Brassica species. Based on transcriptome data, BnCYP450s, BrCYP450s and BoCYP450s were differentially expressed in various tissues. There existed numerous BnCYP450 DEGs in response to pathogens and abiotic stresses. Besides, many BnCYP450 DEGs were involved in the regulation of important traits, such as seed germination, seed ALA content, and yellow-seed. The qRT-PCR experiment confirmed the transcriptome analysis results by validating two representative Sclerotinia-responsive BnCYP450 DEGs as an example. Three BnCYP450s genes (CYP707A1, CYP81F1, CYP81H1) might be regulated by seed-specific transcription factors BnTT1 and BnbZIP67 to participate in the development and metabolism of seed coat and embryo by undertaking related metabolic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiheng Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangzhou Wu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Huang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujun Qin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihan Deng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Jiang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lejing Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yourong Chai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Fan Z, Zhou C, Wang X, Sun Z, Wang X, Hong Z, Yan G, He Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y. Tendril length is determined by gibberellin deactivation during thigmo response in cucumber. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39259667 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Changes in plant morphology due to mechanical stimulation are known as thigmo responses. As climbing organs in plants, tendrils can sense mechanical stimulation after attaching to a support and then change their morphology within a short time. Here, the thigmo responses of cucumber tendril were investigated. Our results showed that mechanical stimulation stopped tendril elongation and that tendril length was determined by the distance from the support in cucumber. The mimicry touch treatment indicated that mechanical stimulation stopped tendril elongation by inhibiting cell expansion. RNA-seq data showed that three gibberellin (GA) metabolic genes (CsGA2ox3, CsCYP714A2, and CsCYP714A3) were upregulated in mechanically stimulated tendrils, and a major endogenous bio-active GA (GA4) was reduced in mechanically stimulated tendrils. The roles of CsGA2ox3, CsCYP714A2, and CsCYP714A3 in GA deactivation were confirmed by their overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis. Moreover, exogenous GA treatment recovered tendril elongation under mechanical stimulation, whereas exogenous uniconazole treatment inhibited tendril elongation without mechanical stimulation, suggesting that mechanical stimulation stopped tendril elongation, depending on GA deactivation. In summary, our results suggest that GA deactivation plays an important role in tendril thigmo response, ensuring that tendrils obtain a suitable final length according to their distance from the support in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zezhou Hong
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guochao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Aremu HK, Dare CA, Adekale IA, Adetunji BD, Musa DA, Azeez LA, Oyewole OI. Phytomediated stress modulates antioxidant status, induces overexpression of CYP6M2, Hsp70, α-esterase, and suppresses the ABC transporter in Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) exposed to Ocimum tenuiflorum extracts. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302677. [PMID: 38696463 PMCID: PMC11065307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of phytoactive compounds in the management of malarial vectors holds promise for the development of innovative and efficient alternatives. Nevertheless, the molecular and physiological responses that these bioactive substances induce remain underexplored. This present study investigated the toxicity of different concentrations of aqueous and methanol extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum against larvae of Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) and unraveled the possible underlying molecular pathways responsible for the observed physiological effects. FTIR and GCMS analyses of phytoactive compounds in aqueous and methanol crude extracts of O. tenuiflorum showed the presence of OH stretching vibration, C = C stretching modes of aromatics and methylene rocking vibration; ring deformation mode with high levels of trans-β-ocimene, 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene in aqueous extract and 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, 1,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane and o-cymene in methanol extract. The percentage mortality upon exposure to methanol and aqueous extracts of O. tenuiflorum were 21.1% and 26.1% at 24 h, 27.8% and 36.1% at 48 h and 36.1% and 45% at 72 h respectively. Using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), down-regulation of ABC transporter, overexpression of CYP6M2, Hsp70, and α-esterase, coupled with significantly increased levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH, were observed in An. gambiae (s.s.) exposed to aqueous and methanol extracts of O. tenuiflorum as compared to the control. Findings from this study have significant implications for our understanding of how An. gambiae (s.s.) larvae detoxify phytoactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun K. Aremu
- Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria
| | | | - Idris A. Adekale
- Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | | | - Dickson A. Musa
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria
| | - Luqmon A. Azeez
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Olu I. Oyewole
- Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Lin X, Tang B, Li Z, Shi L, Zhu H. Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of CYP450 genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:58. [PMID: 38218763 PMCID: PMC10787477 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) play a crucial role in various biochemical reactions involved in the synthesis of antioxidants, pigments, structural polymers, and defense-related compounds in plants. As sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) holds significant economic importance, a comprehensive analysis of CYP450 genes in this plant species can offer valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships and functional characteristics of these genes. RESULTS In this study, we successfully identified and categorized 95 CYP450 genes from the sweet potato genome into 5 families and 31 subfamilies. The predicted subcellular localization results indicate that CYP450s are distributed in the cell membrane system. The promoter region of the IbCYP450 genes contains various cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and stress responses. In addition, ten conserved motifs (Motif1-Motif10) have been identified in the IbCYP450 family proteins, with 5 genes lacking introns and only one exon. We observed extensive duplication events within the CYP450 gene family, which may account for its expansion. The gene duplication analysis results showed the presence of 15 pairs of genes with tandem repeats. Interaction network analysis reveals that IbCYP450 families can interact with multiple target genes and there are protein-protein interactions within the family. Transcription factor interaction analysis suggests that IbCYP450 families interact with multiple transcription factors. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of CYP450 genes in sweet potatoes, as well as their response to abiotic stress and plant hormones. Notably, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) analysis indicated the involvement of CYP450 genes in the defense response against nonbiological stresses in sweet potatoes. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a foundation for further investigations aiming to elucidate the biological functions of CYP450 genes in sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjian Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Binquan Tang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhenqin Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Ramkumar G, Muthusamy R, Narayanan M, Shivakumar MS, Kweka EJ. Overexpression of cytochrome P450 and esterase genes involved in permethrin resistance in larvae and adults of Culex quinquefasciatus. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3205-3212. [PMID: 37874391 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important vectors of several arthropod-borne diseases, which remain a priority for epidemiological research. Mosquito vector control strategies have traditionally relied on chemical insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids. However, the indiscriminate use of pesticides has resulted in the development of resistance in many mosquito species. In insects, resistance evolves primarily through the overexpression of one or more gene products from the cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, and glutathione superfamilies. The current study examined the expression of cytochrome P450 CYP6M2, CYP6AA7, CYP6Z2, CYP9J34, α-Esterase, Esterase B1, and neuroactin genes in larvae and adults of a permethrin-resistant (PerRes) and susceptible (Sus) Culex quinquefasciatus strains. The results showed that the CYP6AA7 gene was overexpressed (10-fold) in larvae and adults with PerRes (p < 0.01) followed by CYPJ34 (9.0-fold) and CYP6Z2 (5.0-fold) compared to the Sus, whereas fewer changes in CYP6M gene expression were observed in PerRes adults (p < 0.05), and no expression was found in larvae. The esterase gene was overexpressed in PerRes larvae (9.0-fold) followed by adults (2.5-fold) compared to the susceptible strain. Based on data, the present study suggests that cytochrome P450, CYP6AA7, CYP6Z2, CYP9J34, α-Esterase, Esterase B1, and neuroactin genes were involved in permethrin resistance in larval and adult Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranganathan Muthusamy
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational and Research Institution, Hosur, 635130, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Research Department, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
- Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
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Shen C, Li X. Genome-wide analysis of the P450 gene family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) reveals functional diversity in abiotic stress. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:535. [PMID: 37697232 PMCID: PMC10494425 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 (Cytochrome P450s) genes are involved in the catalysis of various reactions, including growth, development, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. However, little is known about the characteristics and functions of the P450 gene family in Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis). RESULTS To reveal the mechanisms of tea plant P450s coping with abiotic stresses, analyses of the tea plant P450 gene family were conducted using bioinformatics-based methods. In total, 273 putative P450 genes were identified from the genome database of C. sinensis. The results showed that P450s were well-balanced across the chromosomes I to XV of entire genome, with amino acid lengths of 268-612 aa, molecular weights of 30.95-68.5 kDa, and isoelectric points of 4.93-10.17. Phylogenetic analysis divided CsP450s into 34 subfamilies, of which CYP71 was the most abundant. The predicted subcellular localization results showed that P450 was distributed in a variety of organelles, with chloroplasts, plasma membrane,,and cytoplasm localized more frequently. The promoter region of CsP450s contained various cis-acting elements related to phytohormones and stress responses. In addition, ten conserved motifs (Motif1-Motif10) were identified in the CsP450 family proteins, with 27 genes lacking introns and only one exon. The results of genome large segment duplication showed that there were 37 pairs of genes with tandem duplication. Interaction network analysis showed that CsP450 could interact with multiple types of target genes, and there are protein interactions within the family. Tissue expression analysis showed that P450 was highly expressed in roots and stems. Moreover, qPCR analysis of the relative expression level of the gene under drought and cold stress correlated with the sequencing results. CONCLUSIONS This study lays the foundation for resolving the classification and functional study of P450 family genes and provides a reference for the molecular breeding of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shen
- Shaannan Eco-Economy Research Center, Ankang University, Ankang, 725000, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Ankang University, Ankang, 725000, China
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Chakraborty P, Biswas A, Dey S, Bhattacharjee T, Chakrabarty S. Cytochrome P450 Gene Families: Role in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production and Plant Defense. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:402-423. [PMID: 37606423 PMCID: PMC10443375 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the most prominent family of enzymes involved in NADPH- and O2-dependent hydroxylation processes throughout all spheres of life. CYPs are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants, insects, and other organisms. In addition to performing this function, CYPs serve as flexible catalysts and are essential for producing secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses frequently affect the growth and development of plants. They cause a dramatic decrease in crop yield and a deterioration in crop quality. Plants protect themselves against these stresses through different mechanisms, which are accomplished by the active participation of CYPs in several biosynthetic and detoxifying pathways. There are immense potentialities for using CYPs as a candidate for developing agricultural crop species resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. This review provides an overview of the plant CYP families and their functions to plant secondary metabolite production and defense against different biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Swapan Chakrabarty
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- College of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Khatoon U, Prasad V, Sawant SV. Expression dynamics and a loss-of-function of Arabidopsis RabC1 GTPase unveil its role in plant growth and seed development. PLANTA 2023; 257:89. [PMID: 36988700 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcript isoform dynamics, spatiotemporal expression, and mutational analysis uncover that Arabidopsis RabC1 GTPase is required for root length, flowering time, seed size, and seed mucilage. Rab GTPases are crucial regulators for moving different molecules to their specific compartments according to the needs of the cell. In this work, we illustrate the role of RabC1 GTPase in Arabidopsis growth and seed development. We identify and analyze the expression pattern of three transcript isoforms of RabC1 in different development stages, along with their tissue-specific transcript abundance. The promoter activity of RabC1 using promoter-GUS fusion shows that it is widely expressed during the growth of Arabidopsis, particularly in seed tissues such as chalazal seed coat and chalazal endosperm. Lack of RabC1 function led to shorter roots, lesser biomass, delayed flowering, and sluggish plant development. The mutants had smaller seeds than the wildtype, less seed mass, and lower seed coat permeability. Developing seeds also revealed a smaller endosperm cavity and shorter integument cells. Additionally, we found that the knock-out mutant had downregulated expression of genes implicated in the transit of sugars and amino acids from maternal tissue to developing seed. The seeds of the loss-of-function mutant had reduced seed mucilage. All the observed mutant phenotypes were restored in the complemented lines confirming the function of RabC1 in seed development and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Khatoon
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Sun Y, Shao J, Liu H, Wang H, Wang G, Li J, Mao Y, Chen Z, Ma K, Xu L, Wang Y. A chromosome-level genome assembly reveals that tandem-duplicated CYP706V oxidase genes control oridonin biosynthesis in the shoot apex of Isodon rubescens. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:517-532. [PMID: 36518072 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ent-kaurenoids (e.g., oridonin and enmein) from the Isodon genus (Lamiaceae) are one class of diterpenoids with rich structural diversity and intriguing pharmaceutical activity. In contrast to the well-established gibberellin pathway, oxidative modifications diversifying the ent-kaurene skeleton in Isodon have remained undetermined for half a century. Here we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of I. rubescens, a well-recognized oridonin producer long favored by Asian people as a traditional herb with antitumor effects. The shoot apex was confirmed to be the actual region actively producing ent-kaurene diterpenoids. Through comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses, we discovered a cluster of tandem-duplicated CYP706V oxygenase-encoding genes located on an ancient genomic block widely distributed in eudicots, whereas almost exclusively emerged in Isodon plants. In the shoot apex, IrCYP706V2 and IrCYP706V7 oxidized the ent-kaurene core in the initial stage of oridonin biosynthesis. Loss of CYP706Vs in other Lamiaceae plants offered an explanation for the specific kaurenoid production in Isodon plants. Moreover, we found that the Isodon genomes encode multiple diterpenoid synthases that are potentially involved in generating diterpenoid diversity. These findings provided new insights into the evolution of the lineage-specific diterpenoid pathway and laid a foundation for improving production of bioactive ent-kaurene-type diterpenoids by molecular breeding and synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Sun
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Shao
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Haili Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaping Mao
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke Ma
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Nelson DR, Zhang J, Wan X, Peters RJ. Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:452-469. [PMID: 36472136 PMCID: PMC9945934 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2014-2022.Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure-function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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11
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Creff A, Ali O, Bied C, Bayle V, Ingram G, Landrein B. Evidence that endosperm turgor pressure both promotes and restricts seed growth and size. Nat Commun 2023; 14:67. [PMID: 36604410 PMCID: PMC9814827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, as in animals, organ growth depends on mechanical interactions between cells and tissues, and is controlled by both biochemical and mechanical cues. Here, we investigate the control of seed size, a key agronomic trait, by mechanical interactions between two compartments: the endosperm and the testa. By combining experiments with computational modelling, we present evidence that endosperm pressure plays two antagonistic roles: directly driving seed growth, but also indirectly inhibiting it through tension it generates in the surrounding testa, which promotes wall stiffening. We show that our model can recapitulate wild type growth patterns, and is consistent with the small seed phenotype of the haiku2 mutant, and the results of osmotic treatments. Our work suggests that a developmental regulation of endosperm pressure is required to prevent a precocious reduction of seed growth rate induced by force-dependent seed coat stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Olivier Ali
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
| | - Camille Bied
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
| | - Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
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12
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Zheng X, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Zhang L, Li J, Li Z, Cheng J, Feng J. The distribution of bioactive gibberellins along peach annual shoots is closely associated with PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression profiles. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:730. [PMID: 36307759 PMCID: PMC9615383 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid growth of annual shoots is detrimental to peach production. While gibberellin (GA) promotes the rapid growth of peach shoots, there is limited information on the identity and expression profiles of GA-metabolism genes for this species. Results All six GA biosynthetic gene families were identified in the peach genome, and the expression profiles of these family members were determined in peach shoots. The upstream biosynthetic gene families have only one or two members (1 CPS, 2 KSs, and 1 KO), while the downstream gene families have multiple members (7 KAOs, 6 GA20oxs, and 5 GA3oxs). Between the two KS genes, PpKS1 showed a relatively high transcript level in shoots, while PpKS2 was undetectable. Among the seven KAO genes, PpKAO2 was highly expressed in shoots, while PpKAO1 and − 6 were weakly expressed. For the six GA20ox genes, both PpGA20ox1 and − 2 were expressed in shoots, but PpGA20ox1 levels were higher than PpGA20ox2. For the five GA3ox genes, only PpGA3ox1 was highly expressed in shoots. Among these biosynthesis genes, PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 showed a gradual decrease in transcript level along shoots from top to bottom, and a similar trend was observed in bioactive GA1 and GA4 distribution. Among the GA-deactivation genes, PpGA2ox6 was highly expressed in peach shoots. PpGA2ox1 and − 5 transcripts were relatively lower and showed a similar pattern to PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 in peach shoots. Overexpression of PpGA20ox1, − 2, or PpGA2ox6 in Arabidopsis or tobacco promoted or depressed the plant growth, respectively, while PpGA3ox1 did not affect plant height. Transient expression of PpGA20ox1 in peach leaves significantly increased bioactive GA1 content. Conclusions Our results suggest that PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression are closely associated with the distribution of active GA1 and GA4 in peach annual shoots. Our research lays a foundation for future studies into ways to effectively repress the rapid growth of peach shoot. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5.
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13
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Roorkiwal M, Bhandari A, Barmukh R, Bajaj P, Valluri VK, Chitikineni A, Pandey S, Chellapilla B, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK. Genome-wide association mapping of nutritional traits for designing superior chickpea varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843911. [PMID: 36082300 PMCID: PMC9445663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious concern in many parts of the world; therefore, enhancing crop nutrient content is an important challenge. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a major food legume crop worldwide, is a vital source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. This study evaluated a diverse set of 258 chickpea germplasm accessions for 12 key nutritional traits. A significant variation was observed for several nutritional traits, including crude protein (16.56-24.64/100 g), β-Carotene (0.003-0.104 mg/100 g), calcium (60.69-176.55 mg/100 g), and folate (0.413-6.537 mg/kg). These data, combined with the available whole-genome sequencing data for 318,644 SNPs, were used in genome-wide association studies comprising single-locus and multi-locus models. We also explored the effect of varying the minor allele frequency (MAF) levels and heterozygosity. We identified 62 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) explaining up to 28.63% of the phenotypic variance (PV), of which nine were localized within genes regulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, proteasome assembly, intracellular signal transduction, and oxidation-reduction process, among others. The significant effect MTAs were located primarily on Ca1, Ca3, Ca4, and Ca6. Importantly, varying the level of heterozygosity was found to significantly affect the detection of associations contributing to traits of interest. We further identified seven promising accessions (ICC10399, ICC1392, ICC1710, ICC2263, ICC1431, ICC4182, and ICC16915) with superior agronomic performance and high nutritional content as potential donors for developing nutrient-rich, high-yielding chickpea varieties. Validation of the significant MTAs with higher PV could identify factors controlling the nutrient acquisition and facilitate the design of biofortified chickpeas for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Roorkiwal
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (KCGEB), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aditi Bhandari
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Valluri
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarita Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Bharadwaj Chellapilla
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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14
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Sun Y, Chen Z, Wang G, Lv H, Mao Y, Ma K, Wang Y. De novo production of versatile oxidized kaurene diterpenes in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2022; 73:201-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Zheng X, Wang T, Cheng T, Zhao L, Zheng X, Zhu F, Dong C, Xu J, Xie K, Hu Z, Yang L, Diao Y. Genomic variation reveals demographic history and biological adaptation of the ancient relictual, lotus (Nelumbo Adans). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac029. [PMID: 35184169 PMCID: PMC9039500 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo Adans.), a relict plant, is the testimony of long-term sustained ecological success, but the underlying genetic changes related to its survival strategy remains unclear. Here, we assembled the high-quality lotus genome, investigated genome variation of lotus mutation accumulation (MA) lines and reconstructed the demographic history of wild Asian lotus, respectively. We identified and validated 43 base substitutions fixed in MA lines, implying a spontaneous mutation rate of 1.4 × 10-9 base/generation in lotus shoot stem cells. The past history of lotus revealed that the ancestors of lotus in eastern and southern Asia could be traced back ~20 million years ago (Mya) and experienced twice significant bottlenecks and population splits. We further identified the selected genes among three lotus groups in different habitats, suggesting that 453 genes between tropical and temperate group and 410 genes between two subgroups from Northeastern China and the Yangtze River - Yellow River Basin might play important roles in natural selection in lotus's adaptation and resilience. Our findings not only improve an understanding of the lotus evolutionary history and the genetic basis of its survival advantages, but also provide valuable data for addressing various questions in evolution and protection for the relict plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Teng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fenglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chen Dong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinxing Xu
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Keqiang Xie
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liangbo Yang
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Ying Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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16
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Gibberellins Inhibit Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Promote Nitrogen Metabolism in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179291. [PMID: 34502200 PMCID: PMC8431309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive gibberellic acids (GAs) are diterpenoid plant hormones that are biosynthesized through complex pathways and control various aspects of growth and development. Although GA biosynthesis has been intensively studied, the downstream metabolic pathways regulated by GAs have remained largely unexplored. We investigated Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of Medicago truncatula with a dwarf phenotype by forward and reverse genetics screening and phylogenetic, molecular, biochemical, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Three Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of the gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1 gene (GA3ox1) with a dwarf phenotype were identified, in which the synthesis of GAs (GA3 and GA4) was inhibited. Phenotypic analysis revealed that plant height, root and petiole length of ga3ox1 mutants were shorter than those of the wild type (Medicago truncatula ecotype R108). Leaf size was also much smaller in ga3ox1 mutants than that in wild-type R108, which is probably due to cell-size diminution instead of a decrease in cell number. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of ga3ox1/R108 leaves revealed that in the ga3ox1 mutant, flavonoid isoflavonoid biosynthesis was significantly up-regulated, while nitrogen metabolism was down-regulated. Additionally, we further demonstrated that flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis was induced by prohexadione calcium, an inhibitor of GA3ox enzyme, and inhibited by exogenous GA3. In contrast, nitrogen metabolism was promoted by exogenous GA3 but inhibited by prohexadione calcium. The results of this study further demonstrated that GAs play critical roles in positively regulating nitrogen metabolism and transport and negatively regulating flavonoid biosynthesis through GA-mediated signaling pathways in leaves.
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17
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Tai L, Wang HJ, Xu XJ, Sun WH, Ju L, Liu WT, Li WQ, Sun J, Chen KM. Pre-harvest sprouting in cereals: genetic and biochemical mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2857-2876. [PMID: 33471899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of the global population and the increasing frequency of natural disasters, crop yields must be steadily increased to enhance human adaptability to risks. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), a term mainly used to describe the phenomenon in which grains germinate on the mother plant directly before harvest, is a serious global problem for agricultural production. After domestication, the dormancy level of cultivated crops was generally lower than that of their wild ancestors. Although the shortened dormancy period likely improved the industrial performance of cereals such as wheat, barley, rice, and maize, the excessive germination rate has caused frequent PHS in areas with higher rainfall, resulting in great economic losses. Here, we systematically review the causes of PHS and its consequences, the major indicators and methods for PHS assessment, and emphasize the biological significance of PHS in crop production. Wheat quantitative trait loci functioning in the control of PHS are also comprehensively summarized in a meta-analysis. Finally, we use Arabidopsis as a model plant to develop more complete PHS regulatory networks for wheat. The integration of this information is conducive to the development of custom-made cultivated lines suitable for different demands and regions, and is of great significance for improving crop yields and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Hussin SH, Wang H, Tang S, Zhi H, Tang C, Zhang W, Jia G, Diao X. SiMADS34, an E-class MADS-box transcription factor, regulates inflorescence architecture and grain yield in Setaria italica. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:419-434. [PMID: 33231834 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel MADS-box member SiMADS34 is essential for regulating inflorescence architecture and grain yield in Setaria italica. MADS-box transcription factors participate in regulating various developmental processes in plants. Inflorescence architecture is one of the most important agronomic traits and is closely associated with grain yield in most staple crops. Here, we isolated a panicle development mutant simads34 from a foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) EMS mutant library. The mutant showed significantly altered inflorescence architecture and decreased grain yield. Investigation of agronomic traits revealed increased panicle width by 16.8%, primary branch length by 10%, and number of primary branches by 30.9%, but reduced panicle length by 25.2%, and grain weight by 25.5% in simads34 compared with wild-type plants. Genetic analysis of a simads34 × SSR41 F2 population indicated that the simads34 phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene. Map-based cloning and bulked-segregant analysis sequencing demonstrated that a single G-to-A transition in the fifth intron of SiMADS34 in the mutant led to an alternative splicing event and caused an early termination codon in this causal gene. SiMADS34 mRNA was expressed in all of the tissues tested, with high expression levels at the heading and panicle development stages. Subcellular localization analysis showed that simads34 predominantly accumulated in the nucleus. Transcriptome sequencing identified 241 differentially expressed genes related to inflorescence development, cell expansion, cell division, meristem growth and peroxide stress in simads34. Notably, an SPL14-MADS34-RCN pathway was validated through both RNA-seq and qPCR tests, indicating the putative molecular mechanisms regulating inflorescence development by SiMADS34. Our study identified a novel MADS-box member in foxtail millet and provided a useful genetic resource for inflorescence architecture and grain yield research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareif Hammad Hussin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Geneina Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), P.O. Box 126, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Hailong Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chanjuan Tang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Bai Y, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Jia Q, Xu M, Zhang T, Fang H, Yu X, Li L, Liu D, Qi X, Chen Z, Wu S, Zhang Q, Liang C. A GPAT1 Mutation in Arabidopsis Enhances Plant Height but Impairs Seed Oil Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020785. [PMID: 33466786 PMCID: PMC7829857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) play an important role in glycerolipid biosynthesis, and are mainly involved in oil production, flower development, and stress response. However, their roles in regulating plant height remain unreported. Here, we report that Arabidopsis GPAT1 is involved in the regulation of plant height. GUS assay and qRT-PCR analysis in Arabidopsis showed that GPAT1 is highly expressed in flowers, siliques, and seeds. A loss of function mutation in GPAT1 was shown to decrease seed yield but increase plant height through enhanced cell length. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR data revealed that the expression levels of genes related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling, as well as those of cell wall organization and biogenesis, were significantly upregulated. These led to cell length elongation, and thus, an increase in plant height. Together, our data suggest that knockout of GPAT1 impairs glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis, leading to reduced seed yield, but promotes the biosynthesis of GA, which ultimately enhances plant height. This study provides new evidence on the interplay between lipid and hormone metabolism in the regulation of plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
| | - Qianru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.X.); (S.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailing Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhide Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.X.); (S.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hedden P. The Current Status of Research on Gibberellin Biosynthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1832-1849. [PMID: 32652020 PMCID: PMC7758035 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins are produced by all vascular plants and several fungal and bacterial species that associate with plants as pathogens or symbionts. In the 60 years since the first experiments on the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, research on gibberellin biosynthesis has advanced to provide detailed information on the pathways, biosynthetic enzymes and their genes in all three kingdoms, in which the production of the hormones evolved independently. Gibberellins function as hormones in plants, affecting growth and differentiation in organs in which their concentration is very tightly regulated. Current research in plants is focused particularly on the regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation by developmental and environmental cues, and there is now considerable information on the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. There have also been recent advances in understanding gibberellin transport and distribution and their relevance to plant development. This review describes our current understanding of gibberellin metabolism and its regulation, highlighting the more recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hedden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palack� University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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21
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Guo X, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Wang S. The FvCYP714C2 gene plays an important role in gibberellin synthesis in the woodland strawberry. Genes Genomics 2020; 43:11-16. [PMID: 33174086 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragaria vesca, the woodland strawberry, is a diploid relative of the cultivated strawberry. A GA-deficient mutant was found in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized lines of the Fragaria vesca accession 'Yellow Wonder'. OBJECTIVE CYP714C2 was found to be differentially expressed using RNA-seq analysis. It is necessary to identify the function of this gene. METHODS In order to identify the function of this gene, it was cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS The DNA sequence of CYP714C2 was found to be 1940 bp in length, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1539 bp that is predicted to encode a protein of 512 amino acids. The hydrophilicity of this protein is low and it is unstable. The highest relative expression of FvCYP714C2 was found in the leaves, followed by the pedicels, and low expression levels were found in the other tissues examined. Constitutive expression of FvCYP714C2 significantly promoted the growth of transgenic A. thaliana plants; transgenic Arabidopsis plants grew faster and grew well than wild type Col-0 plants. GA1+3 contents of the genetically modified Arabidopsis lines were significantly higher than that in the wild type. CONCLUSION We conclude that FvCYP714C2 is a gene that functions in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Zhibing Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Shouming Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China.
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22
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Lin T, Zhou R, Bi B, Song L, Chai M, Wang Q, Song G. Analysis of a radiation-induced dwarf mutant of a warm-season turf grass reveals potential mechanisms involved in the dwarfing mutant. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18913. [PMID: 33144613 PMCID: PMC7609746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoysia matrella [L.] Merr. is a widely cultivated warm-season turf grass in subtropical and tropical areas. Dwarf varieties of Z. matrella are attractive to growers because they often reduce lawn mowing frequencies. In this study, we describe a dwarf mutant of Z. matrella induced from the 60Co-γ-irradiated calluses. We conducted morphological test and physiological, biochemical and transcriptional analyses to reveal the dwarfing mechanism in the mutant. Phenotypically, the dwarf mutant showed shorter stems, wider leaves, lower canopy height, and a darker green color than the wild type (WT) control under the greenhouse conditions. Physiologically, we found that the phenotypic changes of the dwarf mutant were associated with the physiological responses in catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, soluble protein, lignin, chlorophyll, and electric conductivity. Of the four endogenous hormones measured in leaves, both indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid contents were decreased in the mutant, whereas the contents of gibberellin and brassinosteroid showed no difference between the mutant and the WT control. A transcriptomic comparison between the dwarf mutant and the WT leaves revealed 360 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), including 62 up-regulated and 298 down-regulated unigenes. The major DEGs related to auxin transportation (e.g., PIN-FORMED1) and cell wall development (i.e., CELLULOSE SYNTHASE1) and expansin homologous genes were all down-regulated, indicating their potential contribution to the phenotypic changes observed in the dwarf mutant. Overall, the results provide information to facilitate a better understanding of the dwarfing mechanism in grasses at physiological and transcript levels. In addition, the results suggest that manipulation of auxin biosynthetic pathway genes can be an effective approach for dwarfing breeding of turf grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Lin
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Bi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liangyuan Song
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Chai
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Guoqing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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23
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Rastogi S, Satapathy S, Shah S, Mytrai, Prakash H. In silico identification of cytochrome P450s involved in Ocimum tenuiflorum subjected to four abiotic stresses. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Guo W, Chen L, Chen H, Yang H, You Q, Bao A, Chen S, Hao Q, Huang Y, Qiu D, Shan Z, Yang Z, Yuan S, Zhang C, Zhang X, Jiao Y, Tran LP, Zhou X, Cao D. Overexpression of GmWRI1b in soybean stably improves plant architecture and associated yield parameters, and increases total seed oil production under field conditions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1639-1641. [PMID: 31912650 PMCID: PMC7336282 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Limiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Hongli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Qingbo You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Aili Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Shuilian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Qingnan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Dezhen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Zhonglu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Songli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsCollege of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lam‐Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and DevelopmentDuy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam
- Stress Adaptation Research UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumiYokohamaJapan
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
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25
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Xu Z, Yang Q, Feng K, Yu X, Xiong A. DcMYB113, a root-specific R2R3-MYB, conditions anthocyanin biosynthesis and modification in carrot. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1585-1597. [PMID: 31910327 PMCID: PMC7292547 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Purple carrots, the original domesticated carrots, accumulate highly glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins in root and/or petiole. Previously, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for root-specific anthocyanin pigmentation was genetically mapped to chromosome 3 of carrot. In this study, an R2R3-MYB gene, namely DcMYB113, was identified within this QTL region. DcMYB113 expressed in the root of 'Purple haze', a carrot cultivar with purple root and nonpurple petiole, but not in the roots of two carrot cultivars with a purple root and petiole (Deep purple and Cosmic purple) and orange carrot 'Kurodagosun', which appeared to be caused by variation in the promoter region. The function of DcMYB113 from 'Purple haze' was verified by transformation in 'Cosmic purple' and 'Kurodagosun', resulting in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Transgenic 'Kurodagosun' carrying DcMYB113 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter had a purple root and petiole, while transgenic 'Kurodagosun' expressing DcMYB113 driven by its own promoter had a purple root and nonpurple petiole, suggesting that root-specific expression of DcMYB113 was determined by its promoter. DcMYB113 could activate the expression of DcbHLH3 and structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. DcUCGXT1 and DcSAT1, which were confirmed to be responsible for anthocyanins glycosylation and acylation, respectively, were also activated by DcMYB113. The WGCNA identified several genes co-expressed with anthocyanin biosynthesis and the results indicated that DcMYB113 may regulate anthocyanin transport. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying root-specific anthocyanin biosynthesis and further modification in carrot and even other root crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing‐Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ai‐Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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26
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Zhou W, Shi H, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Gou X, Li C, Chen G, Liu S, Deng M, Ma J, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Liu Y. Identification of lncRNAs involved in wheat tillering development in two pairs of near-isogenic lines. Funct Integr Genomics 2020; 20:669-679. [PMID: 32488459 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-020-00742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs participate in various developmental processes in plants via post-transcription regulation. However, few lncRNAs have been identified as regulators of tiller development in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, high-throughput ribosomal depleted RNA sequencing was performed on the tillering nodes of two pairs of near-isogenic lines that differed only in the tillering trait. We identified 5399 lncRNA transcripts using bioinformational analyses. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 74 common differentially expressed lncRNAs substantially enriched in photosynthesis-related, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phosphatidylinositol signaling, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Detailed functional annotations of target genes were used to identify 27 tillering-associated lncRNAs. Among these, 10 were in photosynthesis-related pathways; 15 were in secondary metabolite pathways; and 8 were in plant hormone pathways, with 6 enriched in two kinds of pathways. These findings contribute to identifying tillering-associated lncRNAs in wheat and enable further investigation into the functions and roles of key candidate lncRNAs, and more experimental evidence was also needed if breeders wanted to utilize these candidate lncRNAs in wheat crop yield improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yueting Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiangjian Gou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shihang Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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27
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Overexpression of a novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, CYP704B1, from Panax ginseng increase biomass of reproductive tissues in transgenic Arabidopsis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4507-4518. [PMID: 32424525 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 704B (CYP704B), a member of the CYP86 clan, was found to be needed in Arabidopsis and rice to biosynthesize precursors of sporopollenin through oxidizing fatty acids. In the present study, we cloned and characterized a CYP704B gene in Panax ginseng, named PgCYP704B1. It shared high sequence identity (98-99%) with CYP704 of Arabidopsis, Theobroma cacao, and Morus notabilis. The phylogenetic comparison of ginseng and higher plants between the members of CYP86 clan revealed that ginseng CYP704 was categorized as a group of CYP704B with dicot plants. The expression of PgCYP704B1 is low in the stem, leaf, and fruit, and high in flower buds, particularly detected in the young gametic cell and tapetum layer of the developing anther. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgCYP704B1 improved plant biomass such as plant height, siliques and seed number and size. A cytological observation by transverse and longitudinal semi-thin sections of the siliques cuticles revealed that the cell length increased. Furthermore a chemical analysis showed that PgCYP704B1ox lines increased their cutin monomers contents in the siliques. Our results suggest that PgCYP704B1 has a conserved role during male reproduction for fatty acid biosynthesis and its overexpression increases cutin monomers in siliques that eventually could be used for seed production.
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28
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Multiple Metabolic Innovations and Losses Are Associated with Major Transitions in Land Plant Evolution. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1783-1800.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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He J, Xin P, Ma X, Chu J, Wang G. Gibberellin Metabolism in Flowering Plants: An Update and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:532. [PMID: 32508855 PMCID: PMC7248407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in regulating growth and development. Early studies revealed the large chemodiversity of gibberellins in plants, but only GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 show biological activity that controls plant development. However, the elucidation of the GA metabolic network at the molecular level has lagged far behind the chemical discovery of GAs. Recent advances in downstream GA biosynthesis (after GA12 formation) suggest that species-specific gibberellin modifications were acquired during flowering plant evolution. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of GA metabolism in flowering plants and the physiological functions of GA deactivation, with a focus on GA 13 hydroxylation. The potential applications of GA synthetic biology for plant development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang,
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30
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Lu N, Zhang M, Xiao Y, Han D, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yi F, Zhu T, Ma W, Fan E, Qu G, Wang J. Construction of a high-density genetic map and QTL mapping of leaf traits and plant growth in an interspecific F 1 population of Catalpa bungei × Catalpa duclouxii Dode. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:596. [PMID: 31888555 PMCID: PMC6937828 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catalpa bungei is an important tree species used for timber in China and widely cultivated for economic and ornamental purposes. A high-density linkage map of C. bungei would be an efficient tool not only for identifying key quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect important traits, such as plant growth and leaf traits, but also for other genetic studies. RESULTS Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to identify molecular markers and construct a genetic map. Approximately 280.77 Gb of clean data were obtained after sequencing, and in total, 25,614,295 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2,871,647 insertions-deletions (InDels) were initially identified in the genomes of 200 individuals of a C. bungei (7080) × Catalpa duclouxii (16-PJ-3) F1 population and their parents. Finally, 9072 SNP and 521 InDel markers that satisfied the requirements for constructing a genetic map were obtained. The integrated genetic map contained 9593 pleomorphic markers in 20 linkage groups and spanned 3151.63 cM, with an average distance between adjacent markers of 0.32 cM. Twenty QTLs for seven leaf traits and 13 QTLs for plant height at five successive time points were identified using our genetic map by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). Q16-60 was identified as a QTL for five leaf traits, and three significant QTLs (Q9-1, Q18-66 and Q18-73) associated with plant growth were detected at least twice. Genome annotation suggested that a cyclin gene participates in leaf trait development, while the growth of C. bungei may be influenced by CDC48C and genes associated with phytohormone synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first genetic map constructed in C. bungei and will be a useful tool for further genetic study, molecular marker-assisted breeding and genome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghua Han
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Erqin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
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Ferrero-Serrano Á, Cantos C, Assmann SM. The Role of Dwarfing Traits in Historical and Modern Agriculture with a Focus on Rice. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a034645. [PMID: 31358515 PMCID: PMC6824242 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Semidwarf stature is a valuable agronomic trait in grain crops that reduces lodging and increases harvest index. A fundamental advance during the 1960s Green Revolution was the introduction of semidwarf cultivars of rice and wheat. Essentially, all semidwarf varieties of rice under cultivation today owe their diminished stature to a specific null mutation in the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis gene, SD1 However, it is now well-established that, in addition to GAs, brassinosteroids and strigolactones also control plant height. In this review, we describe the synthesis and signaling pathways of these three hormones as understood in rice and discuss the mutants and transgenics in these pathways that confer semidwarfism and other valuable architectural traits. We propose that such genes offer underexploited opportunities for broadening the genetic basis and germplasm in semidwarf rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Cantos
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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32
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Zhang S, Gottschalk C, van Nocker S. Genetic mechanisms in the repression of flowering by gibberellins in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:747. [PMID: 31619173 PMCID: PMC6796362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins (GAs) can have profound effects on growth and development in higher plants. In contrast to their flowering-promotive role in many well-studied plants, GAs can repress flowering in woody perennial plants such as apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). Although this effect of GA on flowering is intriguing and has commercial importance, the genetic mechanisms linking GA perception with flowering have not been well described. RESULTS Application of a mixture of bioactive GAs repressed flower formation without significant effect on node number or shoot elongation. Using Illumina-based transcriptional sequence data and a newly available, high-quality apple genome sequence, we generated transcript models for genes expressed in the shoot apex, and estimated their transcriptional response to GA. GA treatment resulted in downregulation of a diversity of genes participating in GA biosynthesis, and strong upregulation of the GA catabolic GA2 OXIDASE genes, consistent with GA feedback and feedforward regulation, respectively. We also observed strong downregulation of numerous genes encoding potential GA transporters and receptors. Additional GA-responsive genes included potential components of cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid, and auxin signaling pathways. Finally, we observed rapid and strong upregulation of both of two copies of a gene previously observed to inhibit flowering in apple, MdTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER 1). CONCLUSION The rapid and robust upregulation of genes associated with GA catabolism in response to exogenous GA, combined with the decreased expression of GA biosynthetic genes, highlights GA feedforward and feedback regulation in the apple shoot apex. The finding that genes with potential roles in GA metabolism, transport and signaling are responsive to GA suggests GA homeostasis may be mediated at multiple levels in these tissues. The observation that TFL1-like genes are induced quickly in response to GA suggests they may be directly targeted by GA-responsive transcription factors, and offers a potential explanation for the flowering-inhibitory effects of GA in apple. These results provide a context for investigating factors that may transduce the GA signal in apple, and contribute to a preliminary genetic framework for the repression of flowering by GAs in a woody perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, 390 Plant and Soil Science Building, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Christopher Gottschalk
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, 390 Plant and Soil Science Building, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Steve van Nocker
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, 390 Plant and Soil Science Building, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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He J, Chen Q, Xin P, Yuan J, Ma Y, Wang X, Xu M, Chu J, Peters RJ, Wang G. CYP72A enzymes catalyse 13-hydrolyzation of gibberellins. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1057-1065. [PMID: 31527846 PMCID: PMC7194175 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive gibberellins (GAs or diterpenes) are essential hormones in land plants that control many aspects of plant growth and development. In flowering plants, 13-OH GAs (having low bioactivity-for example, GA1) and 13-H GAs (having high bioactivity-for example, GA4) frequently coexist in the same plant. However, the identity of the native Arabidopsis thaliana 13-hydroxylase GA and its physiological functions remain unknown. Here, we report that cytochrome P450 genes (CYP72A9 and its homologues) encode active GA 13-hydroxylases in Brassicaceae. Plants overexpressing CYP72A9 exhibited semi-dwarfism, which was caused by significant reduction in GA4 levels. Biochemical assays revealed that recombinant CYP72A9 protein catalysed the conversion of 13-H GAs to the corresponding 13-OH GAs. CYP72A9 was expressed predominantly in developing seeds in Arabidopsis. Freshly harvested seeds of cyp72a9 mutants germinated more quickly than the wild type, whereas stratification-treated seeds and seeds from long-term storage did not. The evolutionary origin of GA 13-oxidases from the CYP72A subfamily was also investigated and discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meimei Xu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Landrein B, Ingram G. Connected through the force: mechanical signals in plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3507-3519. [PMID: 30821332 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As multicellular organisms, plants acquire characteristic shapes through a complex set of biological processes known as morphogenesis. Biochemical signalling underlies much of development, as it allows cells to acquire specific identities based on their position within tissues and organs. However, as growing physical structures, plants, and their constituent cells, also experience internal and external physical forces that can be perceived and can influence key processes such as growth, polarity, and gene expression. This process, which adds another layer of control to growth and development, has important implications for plant morphogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent research into the role of mechanical signals in plant development and aims to show how mechanical signalling can be used, in concert with biochemical signals, as a cue allowing cells and tissues to coordinate their behaviour and to add robustness to developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon Cedex, France
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35
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Bathe U, Tissier A. Cytochrome P450 enzymes: A driving force of plant diterpene diversity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 161:149-162. [PMID: 30733060 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plant terpene biosynthesis, oxidation of the hydrocarbon backbone produced by terpene synthases is typically carried out by cytochrome P450 oxygenases (CYPs). The modifications introduced by CYPs include hydroxylations, sequential oxidations at one position and ring rearrangements and closures. These reactions significantly expand the structural diversity of terpenoids, but also provide anchoring points for further decorations by various transferases. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in reports of CYPs involved in plant terpene pathways. Plant diterpenes represent an important class of metabolites that includes hormones and a number of industrially relevant compounds such as pharmaceutical, aroma or food ingredients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey on CYPs reported to be involved in plant diterpene biosynthesis to date. A phylogenetic analysis showed that only few CYP clans are represented in diterpene biosynthesis, namely CYP71, CYP85 and CYP72. Remarkably few CYP families and subfamilies within those clans are involved, indicating specific expansion of these clades in plant diterpene biosynthesis. Nonetheless, the evolutionary trajectory of CYPs of specialized diterpene biosynthesis is diverse. Some are recently derived from gibberellin biosynthesis, while others have a more ancient history with recent expansions in specific plant families. Among diterpenoids, labdane-related diterpenoids represent a dominant class. The availability of CYPs from diverse plant species able to catalyze oxidations in specific regions of the labdane-related backbones provides opportunities for combinatorial biosynthesis to produce novel diterpene compounds that can be screened for biological activities of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulschan Bathe
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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36
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Liu H, Guo S, Lu M, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang W, Wang P, Zhang J, Hu Z, Li L, Si L, Zhang J, Qi Q, Jiang X, Botella JR, Wang H, Song CP. Biosynthesis of DHGA 12 and its roles in Arabidopsis seedling establishment. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1768. [PMID: 30992454 PMCID: PMC6467921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment are controlled by the antagonistic activity of the phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana GAS2 (Gain of Function in ABA-modulated Seed Germination 2), a protein belonging to the Fe-dependent 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase superfamily, catalyzes the stereospecific hydration of GA12 to produce GA12 16, 17-dihydro-16α-ol (DHGA12). We show that DHGA12, a C20-GA has an atypical structure compared to known active GAs but can bind to the GA receptor (GID1c). DHGA12 can promote seed germination, hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon greening. Silencing and over-expression of GAS2 alters the ABA/GA ratio and sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment. Hence, we propose that GAS2 acts to modulate hormonal balance during early seedling development. Gibberellins are a major class of phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. Here the authors show that the Arabidopsis GAS2 protein catalyses production of DHGA12, an atypical bioactive GA, and show that GAS2 regulates ABA sensitivity during seed germination and early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Minghua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lingyu Si
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.
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37
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Rizza A, Jones AM. The makings of a gradient: spatiotemporal distribution of gibberellins in plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:9-15. [PMID: 30173065 PMCID: PMC6414749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellin phytohormones regulate growth and development throughout the plant lifecycle. Upstream regulation and downstream responses to gibberellins vary across cells and tissues, developmental stages, environmental conditions, and plant species. The spatiotemporal distribution of gibberellins is the result of an ensemble of biosynthetic, catabolic and transport activities, each of which can be targeted to influence gibberellin levels in space and time. Understanding gibberellin distributions has recently benefited from discovery of transport proteins capable of importing gibberellins as well as novel methods for detecting gibberellins with high spatiotemporal resolution. For example, a genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensor for gibberellins was deployed in Arabidopsis and revealed gibberellin gradients in rapidly elongating tissues. Although cellular accumulations of gibberellins are hypothesized to regulate cell growth in developing embryos, germinating seeds, elongating stems and roots, and developing floral organs, understanding the quantitative relationship between cellular gibberellin levels and cellular growth awaits further investigation. It is also unclear how spatiotemporal gibberellin distributions result from myriad endogenous and environmental factors directing an ensemble of known gibberellin enzymatic and transport steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rizza
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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38
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Legeay M, Aubourg S, Renou JP, Duval B. Large scale study of anti-sense regulation by differential network analysis. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:95. [PMID: 30458828 PMCID: PMC6245689 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Systems biology aims to analyse regulation mechanisms into the cell. By mapping interactions observed in different situations, differential network analysis has shown its power to reveal specific cellular responses or specific dysfunctional regulations. In this work, we propose to explore on a large scale the role of natural anti-sense transcription on gene regulation mechanisms, and we focus our study on apple (Malus domestica) in the context of fruit ripening in cold storage. Results We present a differential functional analysis of the sense and anti-sense transcriptomic data that reveals functional terms linked to the ripening process. To develop our differential network analysis, we introduce our inference method of an Extended Core Network; this method is inspired by C3NET, but extends the notion of significant interactions. By comparing two extended core networks, one inferred with sense data and the other one inferred with sense and anti-sense data, our differential analysis is first performed on a local view and reveals AS-impacted genes, genes that have important interactions impacted by anti-sense transcription. The motifs surrounding AS-impacted genes gather transcripts with functions mostly consistent with the biological context of the data used and the method allows us to identify new actors involved in ripening and cold acclimation pathways and to decipher their interactions. Then from a more global view, we compute minimal sub-networks that connect the AS-impacted genes using Steiner trees. Those Steiner trees allow us to study the rewiring of the AS-impacted genes in the network with anti-sense actors. Conclusion Anti-sense transcription is usually ignored in transcriptomic studies. The large-scale differential analysis of apple data that we propose reveals that anti-sense regulation may have an important impact in several cellular stress response mechanisms. Our data mining process enables to highlight specific interactions that deserve further experimental investigations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0613-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Legeay
- LERIA, Université d'Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, Angers, 49045, France.,IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Sébastien Aubourg
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Béatrice Duval
- LERIA, Université d'Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, Angers, 49045, France.
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Phytohormone participation during Citrus sinensis non-host response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Qin Y, Wei H, Sun H, Hao P, Wang H, Su J, Yu S. Proteomic Analysis of Differences in Fiber Development between Wild and Cultivated Gossypium hirsutum L. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2811-2824. [PMID: 28683551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the world's most important fiber crops, accounting for more than 90% of all cotton production. While their wild progenitors have relatively short and coarse, often tan-colored fibers, modern cotton cultivars possess longer, finer, stronger, and whiter fiber. In this study, the wild and cultivated cottons (YU-3 and TM-1) selected show significant differences on fibers at 10 days postanthesis (DPA), 20 DPA, and mature stages at the morphological level. To explore the effects of domestication, reveal molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic differences, and better inform our efforts to further enhance cotton fiber quality, isobaric tags for relative and absolute protein quantification-facilitated proteomic methods were performed on developing fibers. There were 6990 proteins identified; among them, 336 were defined as differentially expressed proteins between fibers of wild versus domesticated cotton. The down- or up-regulated proteins in wild cotton were involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, and other processes. Association analysis between transcriptome and proteome showed positive correlations between transcripts and proteins at both 10 DPA and 20 DPA. Differences in proteomics have been verified at the mRNA level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and have been validated at the physiological and biochemical levels by POD (peroxidase) activity assays and ZA (zeatin) content estimates. This work corroborates the major pathways involved in cotton fiber development and demonstrates that POD activity and zeatin content have a great potential related to fiber elongation and thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University , No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 38 Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 38 Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Huiru Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University , No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 38 Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Pengbo Hao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University , No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 38 Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 38 Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Junji Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 38 Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University , No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 38 Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
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41
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Guerriero G, Behr M, Legay S, Mangeot-Peter L, Zorzan S, Ghoniem M, Hausman JF. Transcriptomic profiling of hemp bast fibres at different developmental stages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4961. [PMID: 28694530 PMCID: PMC5504027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. During their differentiation, bast fibres undergo specific developmental stages: the cells initially elongate rapidly by intrusive growth, subsequently they cease elongation and start to thicken. The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. Bast fibres have been sampled from different stem regions. The developmental stages corresponding to active elongation and cell wall thickening have been studied using RNA-Seq. The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. The data generated also identify several interesting candidates for future functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg.
| | - Marc Behr
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Université catholique de Louvain, Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Lauralie Mangeot-Peter
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Champenoux, F-54280, France
| | - Simone Zorzan
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Mohammad Ghoniem
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
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Wang C, Yang Y, Wang H, Ran X, Li B, Zhang J, Zhang H. Ectopic expression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene PtCYP714A3 from Populus trichocarpa reduces shoot growth and improves tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1838-51. [PMID: 26970512 PMCID: PMC5069455 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 714 protein family represents a unique group of CYP monooxygenase, which functions as a shoot-specific regulator in plant development through gibberellin deactivation. Here, we report the functional characterizations of PtCYP714A3, an OsCYP714D1/Eui homologue from Populus trichocarpa. PtCYP714A3 was ubiquitously expressed with the highest transcript level in cambium-phloem tissues, and was greatly induced by salt and osmotic stress in poplar. Subcellular localization analyses indicated that PtCYP714A3-YFP fusion protein was targeted to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Expression of PtCYP714A3 in the rice eui mutant could rescue its excessive-shoot-growth phenotype. Ectopic expression of PtCYP714A3 in rice led to semi-dwarfed phenotype with promoted tillering and reduced seed size. Transgenic lines which showed significant expression of PtCYP714A3 also accumulated lower GA level than did the wild-type (WT) plants. The expression of some GA biosynthesis genes was significantly suppressed in these transgenic plants. Furthermore, transgenic rice plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt and maintained more Na(+) in both shoot and root tissues under salinity stress. All these results not only suggest a crucial role of PtCYP714A3 in shoot responses to salt toxicity in rice, but also provide a molecular basis for genetic engineering of salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ran
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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43
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Figueiredo DD, Köhler C. Bridging the generation gap: communication between maternal sporophyte, female gametophyte and fertilization products. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:16-20. [PMID: 26658334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In seed plants, as in placental animals, gamete formation and zygotic development take place within the parental tissues. To ensure timely onset and to coordinate the development of the new generation, communication between the parent plant with the filial tissues and its precursors is of utmost importance. During female gametogenesis the maternal tissues tightly regulate megagametophyte formation and the interplay between the sporophyte and the fertilization products, embryo and endosperm, has major implications in the formation of a viable seed. We review the current knowledge on these interactions and highlight the many questions that still remain unanswered, in particular the nature of the pathways involved in these signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte D Figueiredo
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Liu Z, Boachon B, Lugan R, Tavares R, Erhardt M, Mutterer J, Demais V, Pateyron S, Brunaud V, Ohnishi T, Pencik A, Achard P, Gong F, Hedden P, Werck-Reichhart D, Renault H. A Conserved Cytochrome P450 Evolved in Seed Plants Regulates Flower Maturation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1751-1765. [PMID: 26388305 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Global inspection of plant genomes identifies genes maintained in low copies across taxa and under strong purifying selection, which are likely to have essential functions. Based on this rationale, we investigated the function of the low-duplicated CYP715 cytochrome P450 gene family that appeared early in seed plants and evolved under strong negative selection. Arabidopsis CYP715A1 showed a restricted tissue-specific expression in the tapetum of flower buds and in the anther filaments upon anthesis. cyp715a1 insertion lines showed a strong defect in petal development, and transient alteration of pollen intine deposition. Comparative expression analysis revealed the downregulated expression of genes involved in pollen development, cell wall biogenesis, hormone homeostasis, and floral sesquiterpene biosynthesis, especially TPS21 and several key genes regulating floral development such as MYB21, MYB24, and MYC2. Accordingly, floral sesquiterpene emission was suppressed in the cyp715a1 mutants. Flower hormone profiling, in addition, indicated a modification of gibberellin homeostasis and a strong disturbance of the turnover of jasmonic acid derivatives. Petal growth was partially restored by the active gibberellin GA3 or the functional analog of jasmonoyl-isoleucine, coronatine. CYP715 appears to function as a key regulator of flower maturation, synchronizing petal expansion and volatile emission. It is thus expected to be an important determinant of flower-insect interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Boachon
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Lugan
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Erhardt
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Mutterer
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Demais
- Plateforme d'Imagerie In Vitro, IFR 37 de Neurosciences, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Transcriptomic Platform, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, CNRS, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Bioinformatics for Predictive Genomics, URGV, INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, CNRS, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Ales Pencik
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fan Gong
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Peter Hedden
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67084 Strasbourg, France; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hugues Renault
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67084 Strasbourg, France; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Winter CM, Yamaguchi N, Wu MF, Wagner D. Transcriptional programs regulated by both LEAFY and APETALA1 at the time of flower formation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:55-73. [PMID: 26096587 PMCID: PMC5757833 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two key regulators of the switch to flower formation and of flower patterning in Arabidopsis are the plant-specific helix-turn-helix transcription factor LEAFY (LFY) and the MADS box transcription factor APETALA1 (AP1). The interactions between these two transcriptional regulators are complex. AP1 is both a direct target of LFY and can act in parallel with LFY. Available genetic and molecular evidence suggests that LFY and AP1 together orchestrate the switch to flower formation and early events during flower morphogenesis by altering transcriptional programs. However, very little is known about target genes regulated by both transcription factors. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of public datasets to identify genes that are likely to be regulated by both LFY and AP1. Our analyses uncovered known and novel direct LFY and AP1 targets with a role in the control of onset of flower formation. It also identified additional families of proteins and regulatory pathways that may be under transcriptional control by both transcription factors. In particular, several of these genes are linked to response to hormones, to transport and to development. Finally, we show that the gibberellin catabolism enzyme ELA1, which was recently shown to be important for the timing of the switch to flower formation, is positively feedback-regulated by AP1. Our study contributes to the elucidation of the regulatory network that leads to formation of a vital plant organ system, the flower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara M. Winter
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Miin-Feng Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Massange-Sanchez JA, Palmeros-Suarez PA, Martinez-Gallardo NA, Castrillon-Arbelaez PA, Avilés-Arnaut H, Alatorre-Cobos F, Tiessen A, Délano-Frier JP. The novel and taxonomically restricted Ah24 gene from grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) has a dual role in development and defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:602. [PMID: 26300899 PMCID: PMC4524895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Grain amaranths tolerate stress and produce highly nutritious seeds. We have identified several (a)biotic stress-responsive genes of unknown function in Amaranthus hypochondriacus, including the so-called Ah24 gene. Ah24 was expressed in young or developing tissues; it was also strongly induced by mechanical damage, insect herbivory and methyl jasmonate and in meristems and newly emerging leaves of severely defoliated plants. Interestingly, an in silico analysis of its 1304 bp promoter region showed a predominance of regulatory boxes involved in development, but not in defense. The Ah24 cDNA encodes a predicted cytosolic protein of 164 amino acids, the localization of which was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Additional in silico analysis identified several other Ah24 homologs, present almost exclusively in plants belonging to the Caryophyllales. The possible function of this gene in planta was examined in transgenic Ah24 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum plants. Transformed Arabidopsis showed enhanced vegetative growth and increased leaf number with no penalty in one fitness component, such as seed yield, in experimental conditions. Transgenic tobacco plants, which grew and reproduced normally, had increased insect herbivory resistance. Modified vegetative growth in transgenic Arabidopsis coincided with significant changes in the expression of genes controlling phytohormone synthesis or signaling, whereas increased resistance to insect herbivory in transgenic tobacco coincided with higher jasmonic acid and proteinase inhibitor activity levels, plus the accumulation of nicotine and several other putative defense-related metabolites. It is proposed that the primary role of the Ah24 gene in A. hypochondriacus is to contribute to a rapid recovery post-wounding or defoliation, although its participation in defense against insect herbivory is also plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Massange-Sanchez
- Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato, México
| | - Paola A. Palmeros-Suarez
- Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato, México
| | - Norma A. Martinez-Gallardo
- Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato, México
| | - Paula A. Castrillon-Arbelaez
- Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato, México
| | - Hamlet Avilés-Arnaut
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónSan Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | | | - Axel Tiessen
- Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato, México
| | - John P. Délano-Frier
- Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato, México
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Guleria P, Masand S, Yadav SK. Diversion of carbon flux from gibberellin to steviol biosynthesis by over-expressing SrKA13H induced dwarfism and abnormality in pollen germination and seed set behaviour of transgenic Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3907-3916. [PMID: 25954046 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper documents the engineering of Arabidopsis thaliana for the ectopic over-expression of SrKA13H (ent-kaurenoic acid-13 hydroxylase) cDNA from Stevia rebaudiana. HPLC analysis revealed the significant accumulation of steviol (1-3 μg g(-1) DW) in two independent transgenic Arabidopsis lines over-expressing SrKA13H compared with the control. Independent of the steviol concentrations detected, both transgenic lines showed similar reductions in endogenous bioactive gibberellins (GA1 and GA4). They possessed phenotypic similarity to gibberellin-deficient mutants. The reduction in endogenous gibberellin content was found to be responsible for dwarfism in the transgenics. The exogenous application of GA3 could rescue the transgenics from dwarfism. The hypocotyl, rosette area, and stem length were all considerably reduced in the transgenics. A noteworthy decrease in pollen viability was noticed and, similarly, a retardation of 60-80% in pollen germination rate was observed. The exogenous application of steviol (0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 μg ml(-1)) did not influence pollen germination efficiency. This has suggested that in planta formation of steviol was not responsible for the observed changes in transgenic Arabidopsis. Further, the seed yield of the transgenics was reduced by 24-48%. Hence, this study reports for the first time that over-expression of SrKA13H cDNA in Arabidopsis has diverted the gibberellin biosynthetic route towards steviol biosynthesis. The Arabidopsis transgenics showed a significant reduction in endogenous gibberellins that might be responsible for the dwarfism, and the abnormal behaviour of pollen germination and seed set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Guleria
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India
| | - Shikha Masand
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India
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Yan D, Zhang X, Zhang L, Ye S, Zeng L, Liu J, Li Q, He Z. Curved chimeric palea 1 encoding an EMF1-like protein maintains epigenetic repression of OsMADS58 in rice palea development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:12-24. [PMID: 25647350 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ specification is controlled by various MADS-box genes in both dicots and monocots, whose expression is often subjected to both genetic and epigenetic regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little information is known about the role of epigenetic modification of MADS-box genes during rice flower development. Here, we report the characterization of a rice gene, curved chimeric palea 1 (CCP1) that functions in palea development. Mutation in CCP1 resulted in abnormal palea with ectopic stigmatic tissues and other pleiotropic phenotypes. We found that OsMADS58, a C-class gene responsible for carpel morphogenesis, was ectopically expressed in the ccp1 palea, indicating that the ccp1 palea was misspecified and partially acquired carpel-like identity. Constitutive expression of OsMADS58 in the wild-type rice plants caused morphological abnormality of palea similar to that of ccp1, whereas OsMADS58 knockdown by RNAi in ccp1 could rescue the abnormal phenotype of mutant palea, suggesting that the repression of OsMADS58 expression by CCP1 is critical for palea development. Map-based cloning revealed that CCP1 encodes a putative plant-specific emBRYONIC flower1 (EMF1)-like protein. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the level of the H3K27me3 at the OsMADS58 locus was greatly reduced in ccp1 compared with that in the wild-type. Taken together, our results show that CCP1 plays an important role in palea development through maintaining H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic silence of the carpel identity-specifying gene OsMADS58, shedding light on the epigenetic mechanism in floral organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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49
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Creff A, Brocard L, Ingram G. A mechanically sensitive cell layer regulates the physical properties of the Arabidopsis seed coat. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6382. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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50
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Yamaguchi N, Winter CM, Wu MF, Kanno Y, Yamaguchi A, Seo M, Wagner D. Gibberellin acts positively then negatively to control onset of flower formation in Arabidopsis. Science 2014; 344:638-41. [PMID: 24812402 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The switch to reproductive development is biphasic in many plants, a feature important for optimal pollination and yield. We show that dual opposite roles of the phytohormone gibberellin underpin this phenomenon in Arabidopsis. Although gibberellin promotes termination of vegetative development, it inhibits flower formation. To overcome this effect, the transcription factor LEAFY induces expression of a gibberellin catabolism gene; consequently, increased LEAFY activity causes reduced gibberellin levels. This allows accumulation of gibberellin-sensitive DELLA proteins. The DELLA proteins are recruited by SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE transcription factors to regulatory regions of the floral commitment gene APETALA1 and promote APETALA1 up-regulation and floral fate synergistically with LEAFY. The two opposing functions of gibberellin may facilitate evolutionary and environmental modulation of plant inflorescence architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 415 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA
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