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Neugart S, Steininger V, Fernandes C, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E, Schreiner M, Strid Å, Viczián A, Albert A, Badenes-Pérez FR, Castagna A, Dáder B, Fereres A, Gaberscik A, Gulyás Á, Gwynn-Jones D, Nagy F, Jones A, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Konstantinova N, Lakkala K, Llorens L, Martínez-Lüscher J, Nybakken L, Olsen J, Pascual I, Ranieri A, Regier N, Robson M, Rosenqvist E, Santin M, Turunen M, Vandenbussche F, Verdaguer D, Winkler B, Witzel K, Grifoni D, Zipoli G, Hideg É, Jansen MAK, Hauser MT. A synchronized, large-scale field experiment using Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the significance of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 under natural conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38881245 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study determines the functional role of the plant ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) photoreceptor, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) under natural conditions using a large-scale 'synchronized-genetic-perturbation-field-experiment'. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated a role for UVR8 in UV-B responses but do not reflect the complexity of outdoor conditions where 'genotype × environment' interactions can mask laboratory-observed responses. Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant, uvr8-7, and the corresponding Wassilewskija wild type, were sown outdoors on the same date at 21 locations across Europe, ranging from 39°N to 67°N latitude. Growth and climatic data were monitored until bolting. At the onset of bolting, rosette size, dry weight, and phenolics and glucosinolates were quantified. The uvr8-7 mutant developed a larger rosette and contained less kaempferol glycosides, quercetin glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives than the wild type across all locations, demonstrating a role for UVR8 under field conditions. UV effects on rosette size and kaempferol glycoside content were UVR8 dependent, but independent of latitude. In contrast, differences between wild type and uvr8-7 in total quercetin glycosides, and the quercetin-to-kaempferol ratio decreased with increasing latitude, that is, a more variable UV response. Thus, the large-scale synchronized approach applied demonstrates a location-dependent functional role of UVR8 under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Division Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Steininger
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catarina Fernandes
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Åke Strid
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - András Viczián
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatriz Dáder
- Department of Agricultural Production, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alenka Gaberscik
- Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ágnes Gulyás
- Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dylan Gwynn-Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alan Jones
- Earthwatch Europe, Oxford, UK
- Scion, New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | | | - Nataliia Konstantinova
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaisa Lakkala
- Finnish Meteorological Institute - Space and Earth Observation Centre, Sodankylä, Finland
| | - Laura Llorens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- Plant Stress Physiology group (Associated Unit to EEAD, CSIC), BIOMA Institute for Biodiversity and the Environment, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Line Nybakken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn Olsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Plant Stress Physiology group (Associated Unit to EEAD, CSIC), BIOMA Institute for Biodiversity and the Environment, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicole Regier
- Earth and Environment Sciences, Forel Institute, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Minna Turunen
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | | | - Dolors Verdaguer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Daniele Grifoni
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioeconomy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for the Sustainable Development (LaMMA Consortium), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zipoli
- National Research Council Institute for Biometeorology, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Hayashi S, Levine CP, Yu W, Usui M, Yukawa A, Ohmori Y, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kurimoto I, Kawabata S, Yamori W. Raising root zone temperature improves plant productivity and metabolites in hydroponic lettuce production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1352331. [PMID: 38689844 PMCID: PMC11058216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
While it is commonly understood that air temperature can greatly affect the process of photosynthesis and the growth of higher plants, the impact of root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth, metabolism, essential elements, as well as key metabolites like chlorophyll and carotenoids, remains an area that necessitates extensive research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of raising the RZT on the growth, metabolites, elements, and proteins of red leaf lettuce. Lettuce was hydroponically grown in a plant factory with artificial light at four different air temperatures (17, 22, 27, and 30°C) and two treatments with different RZTs. The RZT was raised 3°C above the air temperature in one group, while it was not in the other group. Increasing the RZT 3°C above the air temperature improved plant growth and metabolites, including carotenoids, ascorbic acids, and chlorophyll, in all four air temperature treatments. Moreover, raising the RZT increased Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Se, Rb, amino acids, and total soluble proteins in the leaf tissue at all four air temperatures. These results showed that raising the RZT by 3°C improved plant productivity and the metabolites of the hydroponic lettuce by enhancing nutrient uptake and activating the metabolism in the roots at all four air temperatures. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Hayashi
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher P. Levine
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakabayashi Yu
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikusaburo Kurimoto
- National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gao XM, Wang X, Ma WS, Yang Y, Tang LP, Yang B. Comparative metabolome profiling of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis cultivars and Paris luquanensis and their biological activity in zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117272. [PMID: 37820995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., a perennial medicinal herb commonly known as "Chonglou" in Chinese, is mainly effective against innominate toxin swelling, insect sting, snake bite, traumatic injuries and various inflammatory. It is also recorded with mild toxicity. The rare species Paris luquanensis H. Li has been also used as folk medicine in Yunnan province for the same effects. Compared with P. polyphylla var. Yunnanensis (35-100 cm in height), this species has variegated leaves, and grows slower and is therefore shorter (6-23 cm in height). There are a number of different cultivars based on the shape of the petal and the height of Paris plant. However, currently, investigations into the differences of the chemical profiling of these cultivars are lacking. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to: (1) examine metabolites variations in Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis cultivars and Paris luquanensis; (2) investigate the different metabolite accumulation patterns between rhizomes and leaves and provide more useful information for the application of P. polyphylla var. Yunnanensis leaves; (3) compare in vivo effects on the recruitment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Neutrophils and toxic effects in zebrafish model between leaves and rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. Yunnanensis and P. luquanensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The change patterns of metabolites in the leaves and rhizomes of four P. polyphylla var. Yunnanensis cultivars and one P. luquanensis cultivar were analyzed using an UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. The total phenolic acid, total flavonoid, total saponin components and in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The in vivo toxicity and their effects on the recruitment of ROS and neutrophils in zebrafish model were performed. RESULTS The widely targeted metabolomics method detected 695 metabolites in tested samples and classified as 15 known classes according to structures of the metabolites. By overall-comparing the SDMs discerned between leaves and rhizomes of each samples, 161 metabolites were substantially altered in all the cultivars. There are 62 and 64 SDMs showing constitutive differential accumulation between leaves and rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. Yunnanensis (samples A-D) and P. luquanensis (sample E), respectively. The levels of TSC, TPC and TFC decreased significantly in leaves as compared to rhizomes for all cultivars, with the exception of TPC in cultivar A, which is almost the same in leave and rhizome. The DPPH scavenging property and FRAP values of rhizomes are higher than those of leaves for all cultivars. However, there is no distinct different between leaves and rhizomes of different sample extracts for in vivo effects on the recruitment of ROS and neutrophils in zebrafish model. BL extracts showed high toxicity to the developing embryos. CONCLUSION As far as we are concerned, this study analyzes the P. polyphylla var. Yunnanensis and P. luquanensis variegation from the perspective of the metabolites pattern for the first time. The results give a valuable insight into the specie metabolic profiling and in vivo anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of these Paris plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Mei Gao
- The Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- The Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wei Si Ma
- The Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- The Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Li Ping Tang
- The Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- The Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, PR China.
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Kadam SB, Barvkar VT. COI1 dependent jasmonic acid signalling positively modulates ROS scavenging system in transgenic hairy root culture of tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108229. [PMID: 38039582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a routine event in plants. ROS function as signalling molecules in regulating plant development and defence. However, their accumulation beyond threshold leads to toxicity. Hence, plants are evolved with specialized ROS scavenging system involving phytohormones (synthesis and signalling), enzymes and metabolites. To understand the role of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) signalling in ROS scavenging, tomato coronatine insensitive 1 (SlCOI1), a key gene in JA signalling, was silenced and overexpressed in tomato transgenic hairy roots (HR) under the constitutive promoter. Targeted metabolomics of transgenic HR revealed accumulation of phenolic acids including ferulic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and flavonoid catechin in SlCOI1 overexpressed line. Moreover, osmolyte amino acids proline, asparagine, and glutamine showed a positive co-relation with transgenic overexpression of SlCOI1. Ascorbic acid-glutathione, a crucial antioxidant system was found to be influenced by COI1-mediated JA signalling. The expression of genes encoding enzymes superoxide dismutase 1, ascorbate peroxidase 1, and dehydroascorbate reductase 2 was found to be down and upregulated in SlCOI1 silenced and overexpressed lines, respectively. Methyl jasmonate and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici crude extract treatment further confirmed the regulatory role of COI1-mediated JA signalling in regulation of enzymatic components involved in ROS scavenging. The COI1-mediated JA signalling could also elevate the expression of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG-B gene which is involved in ROS wave signal generation. The present study underscores the role of COI1-mediated JA signalling in modulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of ROS scavenging system and pathogen associated molecular pattern triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil B Kadam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Wu J, Li G, Guan J, Tang X, Qiu M, Yang S, Lu S, Fan X. A comparative metabolomic study of Camellia oleifera fruit under light and temperature stress. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2160495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Wu
- Department of Resource Utilization, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Nanning, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Guiqing Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jihua Guan
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xingyue Tang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Mi Qiu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Suhua Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Shunzhong Lu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Guangxi Vocational & Technical College, Nanning, China
- Faculty of Health & Medical Science, School of Bioscience, Taylors University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Levine CP, Hayashi S, Ohmori Y, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kurimoto I, Kawabata S, Yamori W. Controlling root zone temperature improves plant growth and pigments in hydroponic lettuce. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:455-470. [PMID: 37688538 PMCID: PMC10667003 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Air and root zone temperatures are important environmental factors affecting plant growth and yield. Numerous studies have demonstrated that air temperature strongly affects plant growth and development. Despite the extensive literature on air temperature, comprehensive studies on the effects of root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth, elemental composition, and pigments are limited. In this study, we carefully observed the effects of RZT in red leaf lettuce to understand its effect on lettuce growth and pigment content. METHODS Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, red leaf cultivar 'Red Fire') was grown hydroponically in a plant factory with artificial light under three RZT treatments (15, 25, or 35 °C) for 13 days. We investigated the comprehensive effects of RZT on the production of red leaf lettuce by metabolome and ionome analyses. KEY RESULTS The 25 °C RZT treatment achieved maximum shoot and root dry weight. The 35 °C RZT decreased plant growth but significantly increased pigment contents (e.g. anthocyanins, carotenoids). In addition, a RZT heating treatment during plant cultivation that changed from 25 to 35 °C RZT for 8 days before harvest significantly increased shoot dry weight compared with the 35 °C RZT and significantly increased pigments compared with the 25 °C RZT. The 15 °C RZT resulted in significantly less pigment content relative to the 35 °C RZT. The 15 °C RZT also resulted in shoot and root dry weights greater than the 35 °C RZT but less than the 25 °C RZT. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that plant growth and pigments can be enhanced by adjusting RZT during different stages of plant growth to attain enhanced pigment contents while minimizing yield loss. This suggests that controlling RZT could be a viable method to improve lettuce quality via enhancement of pigment content quality while maintaining acceptable yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Levine
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sota Hayashi
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikusaburo Kurimoto
- Department of Information and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Aarabi F, Ghigi A, Ahchige MW, Bulut M, Geigenberger P, Neuhaus HE, Sampathkumar A, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Genome-wide association study unveils ascorbate regulation by PAS/LOV PROTEIN during high light acclimation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2037-2054. [PMID: 37265123 PMCID: PMC10602610 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Varying light conditions elicit metabolic responses as part of acclimation with changes in ascorbate levels being an important component. Here, we adopted a genome-wide association-based approach to characterize the response in ascorbate levels on high light (HL) acclimation in a panel of 315 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. These studies revealed statistically significant SNPs for total and reduced ascorbate under HL conditions at a locus in chromosome 2. Ascorbate levels under HL and the region upstream and within PAS/LOV PROTEIN (PLP) were strongly associated. Intriguingly, subcellular localization analyses revealed that the PLPA and PLPB splice variants co-localized with VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE2 (VTC2) and VTC5 in both the cytosol and nucleus. Yeast 2-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses revealed that PLPA and PLPB interact with VTC2 and that blue light diminishes this interaction. Furthermore, PLPB knockout mutants were characterized by 1.5- to 1.7-fold elevations in their ascorbate levels, whereas knockout mutants of the cry2 cryptochromes displayed 1.2- to 1.3-fold elevations compared to WT. Our results collectively indicate that PLP plays a critical role in the elevation of ascorbate levels, which is a signature response of HL acclimation. The results strongly suggest that this is achieved via the release of the inhibitory effect of PLP on VTC2 upon blue light illumination, as the VTC2-PLPB interaction is stronger under darkness. The conditional importance of the cryptochrome receptors under different environmental conditions suggests a complex hierarchy underpinning the environmental control of ascorbate levels. However, the data we present here clearly demonstrate that PLP dominates during HL acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayezeh Aarabi
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghigi
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Micha Wijesingha Ahchige
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Crop Quantitative Genetics, Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Crop Quantitative Genetics, Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
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Segarra-Medina C, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Rambla JL, Pérez-Clemente RM, Gómez-Cádenas A, Zandalinas SI. Abscisic acid promotes plant acclimation to the combination of salinity and high light stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108008. [PMID: 37690143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants encounter combinations of different abiotic stresses such as salinity (S) and high light (HL). These environmental conditions have a detrimental effect on plant growth and development, posing a threat to agricultural production. Metabolic changes play a crucial role in enabling plants to adapt to fluctuations in their environment. Furthermore, hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) have been previously identified as regulators of plant responses to different abiotic stresses. Here we studied the response of Arabidopsis wild type (Col and Ler) plants and mutants impaired in hormone biosynthesis (aba2-11 and aba1-1 in ABA, aos in JA and sid2 in SA) to the combination of S and HL (S + HL). Our findings showed that aba2-11 plants displayed reduced growth, impaired photosystem II (PSII) function, increased leaf damage, and decreased survival compared to Col when subjected to stress combination. However, aos and sid2 mutants did not display significant changes in response to S + HL compared to Col, indicating a key role for ABA in promoting plant tolerance to S + HL and suggesting a marginal role for JA and SA in this process. In addition, we revealed differences in the metabolic response of plants to S + HL compared to S or HL. The analysis of altered metabolic pathways under S + HL suggested that the accumulation of flavonoids is ABA-dependent, whereas the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and proline is ABA-independent. Therefore, our study uncovered a key function for ABA in regulating the accumulation of different flavonoids in plants during S + HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Segarra-Medina
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - José L Rambla
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Rosa M Pérez-Clemente
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cádenas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
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McInnes KJ, van der Hooft JJJ, Sharma A, Herzyk P, Hundleby PAC, Schoonbeek HJ, Amtmann A, Ridout C, Jenkins GI. Overexpression of Brassica napus COMT1 in Arabidopsis heightens UV-B-mediated resistance to Plutella xylostella herbivory. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2341-2356. [PMID: 37505444 PMCID: PMC10509076 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
UV-B radiation regulates numerous morphogenic, biochemical and physiological responses in plants, and can stimulate some responses typically associated with other abiotic and biotic stimuli, including invertebrate herbivory. Removal of UV-B from the growing environment of various plant species has been found to increase their susceptibility to consumption by invertebrate pests, however, to date, little research has been conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B on crop susceptibility to field pests. Here, we report findings from a multi-omic and genetic-based study investigating the mechanisms of UV-B-stimulated resistance of the crop, Brassica napus (oilseed rape), to herbivory from an economically important lepidopteran specialist of the Brassicaceae, Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth). The UV-B photoreceptor, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8), was not found to mediate resistance to this pest. RNA-Seq and untargeted metabolomics identified components of the sinapate/lignin biosynthetic pathway that were similarly regulated by UV-B and herbivory. Arabidopsis mutants in genes encoding two enzymes in the sinapate/lignin biosynthetic pathway, CAFFEATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (COMT1) and ELICITOR-ACTIVATED GENE 3-2 (ELI3-2), retained UV-B-mediated resistance to P. xylostella herbivory. However, the overexpression of B. napus COMT1 in Arabidopsis further reduced plant susceptibility to P. xylostella herbivory in a UV-B-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that overexpression of a component of the sinapate/lignin biosynthetic pathway in a member of the Brassicaceae can enhance UV-B-stimulated resistance to herbivory from P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J McInnes
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Bioinformatics Group, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Amtmann
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Gareth I Jenkins
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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10
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Segarra-Medina C, Pascual LS, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Rambla JL, Gómez-Cadenas A, Zandalinas SI. Comparison of metabolomic reconfiguration between Columbia and Landsberg ecotypes subjected to the combination of high salinity and increased irradiance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:406. [PMID: 37620776 PMCID: PMC10463500 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants growing in the field are subjected to combinations of abiotic stresses. These conditions pose a devastating threat to crops, decreasing their yield and causing a negative economic impact on agricultural production. Metabolic responses play a key role in plant acclimation to stress and natural variation for these metabolic changes could be key for plant adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions. RESULTS Here we studied the metabolomic response of two Arabidopsis ecotypes (Columbia-0 [Col] and Landsberg erecta-0 [Ler]), widely used as genetic background for Arabidopsis mutant collections, subjected to the combination of high salinity and increased irradiance. Our findings demonstrate that this stress combination results in a specific metabolic response, different than that of the individual stresses. Although both ecotypes displayed reduced growth and quantum yield of photosystem II, as well as increased foliar damage and malondialdehyde accumulation, different mechanisms to tolerate the stress combination were observed. These included a relocation of amino acids and sugars to act as potential osmoprotectants, and the accumulation of different stress-protective compounds such as polyamines or secondary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reflect an initial identification of metabolic pathways that differentially change under stress combination that could be considered in studies of stress combination of Arabidopsis mutants that include Col or Ler as genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Segarra-Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica Y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Lidia S Pascual
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica Y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - José L Rambla
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica Y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica Y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de La Plana, Spain.
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica Y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de La Plana, Spain.
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11
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Tadda SA, Li C, Ding J, Li J, Wang J, Huang H, Fan Q, Chen L, He P, Ahiakpa JK, Karikari B, Chen X, Qiu D. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses provide insight into the effect of red and blue LEDs on the quality of sweet potato leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1181680. [PMID: 37324670 PMCID: PMC10266350 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1181680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) affect the quality of sweet potato leaves and their nutritional profile. Vines cultivated under blue LEDs had higher soluble protein contents, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity. Conversely, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, protein, and vitamin C contents were higher in leaves grown under red LEDs. Red and blue light increased the accumulation of 77 and 18 metabolites, respectively. Alpha-linoleic and linolenic acid metabolism were the most significantly enriched pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. A total of 615 genes were differentially expressed between sweet potato leaves exposed to red and blue LEDs. Among these, 510 differentially expressed genes were upregulated in leaves grown under blue light compared with those grown under red light, while the remaining 105 genes were expressed at higher levels in the latter than in the former. Among the KEGG enrichment pathways, blue light significantly induced anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes. This study provides a scientific reference basis for using light to alter metabolites to improve the quality of edible sweet potato leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehu A. Tadda
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria
- Agriculture Research Group, Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chengyue Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jintao Ding
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian’an Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Quan Fan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengfei He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - John K. Ahiakpa
- Agriculture Research Group, Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Agriculture Research Group, Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Xuanyang Chen
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture, and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Lai J, Li C, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Li W, Zhang Z, Ye W, Guo H, Wang C, Long T, Wang S, Yang J. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Molecular and Metabolic Basis of Flavonoids in Areca catechu L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4851-4862. [PMID: 36940468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Areca catechu L., of the Arecaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical Asia. In A. catechu, the extracts and compounds, including flavonoids, have various pharmacological activities. Although there are many studies of flavonoids, the molecular mechanism of their biosynthesis and regulation remains unclear in A. catechu. In this study, 331 metabolites were identified from the root, stem, and leaf of A. catechu using untargeted metabolomics, including 107 flavonoids, 71 lipids, 44 amino acids and derivatives, and 33 alkaloids. The transcriptome analysis identified 6119 differentially expressed genes, and some were enriched in the flavonoid pathway. To analyze the biosynthetic mechanism of the metabolic differences in A. catechu tissues, 36 genes were identified through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, in which glycosyltransferase genes Acat_15g017010 and Acat_16g013670 were annotated as being involved in the glycosylation of kaempferol and chrysin by their expression and in vitro activities. Flavonoid biosynthesis could be regulated by the transcription factors, AcMYB5 and AcMYB194. This study laid a foundation for further research on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of A. catechu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lai
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Chun Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Yueran Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Zeyong Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Weiguan Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Weizhen Ye
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Tuan Long
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
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13
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Benkeblia N. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics platforms: Tools for plant oligosaccharides analysis. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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14
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Li W, Sun Y, Li K, Tian H, Jia J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang H, Bi B, Guo J, Tran LSP, Miao Y. Sinapate Esters Mediate UV-B-Induced Stomatal Closure by Regulating Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Malate Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1890-1899. [PMID: 35475535 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sinapate esters, which are induced in plants under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation, have important roles not only in the protection against UV-B irradiation but also in the regulation of stomatal closure. Here, we speculated that sinapate esters would function in the stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to UV-B. We measured the stomatal aperture size of the wild-type (WT) and bright trichomes 1 (brt1) and sinapoylglucose accumulator 1 (sng1) mutants under UV-B irradiation; the latter two mutants are deficient in the conversion of sinapic acid to sinapoylglucose (SG) and SG to sinapoylmalate (SM), respectively. Both the brt1 and sng1 plants showed smaller stomatal apertures than the WT under normal light and UV-B irradiation conditions. The accumulation of SM and malate were induced by UV-B irradiation in WT and brt1 plants but not in sng1 plants. Consistently, exogenous malate application reduced UV-B-induced stomatal closure in WT, brt1 and sng1 plants. Nonetheless, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cytosolic Ca2+ were higher in guard cells of the sng1 mutant than in those of the WT under normal white light and UV-B irradiation, suggesting that disturbance of sinapate metabolism induced the accumulation of these signaling molecules that promote stomatal closure. Unexpectedly, exogenous sinapic acid application prevented stomatal closure of WT, brt1 and sng1 plants. In summary, we hypothesize that SG or other sinapate esters may promote the UV-B-induced malate accumulation and stomatal closure, whereas sinapic acid inhibits the ROS-NO pathway that regulates UV-B-induced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation and stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiangtao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baodi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, 1006 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
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15
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Cajanus platycarpus Flavonoid 3'5' Hydroxylase_2 ( CpF3'5'H_2) Confers Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera by Modulating Total Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Transgenic Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021755. [PMID: 36675270 PMCID: PMC9862005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagus herbivorous pest, tremendously incurs crop damage in economically important crops. This necessitates the identification and utility of novel genes for the control of the herbivore. The present study deals with the characterization of a flavonoid 3'5' hydroxylase_2 (F3'5'H_2) from a pigeonpea wild relative Cajanus platycarpus, possessing a robust chemical resistance response to H. armigera. Though F3'5'H_2 displayed a dynamic expression pattern in both C. platycarpus (Cp) and the cultivated pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (Cc) during continued herbivory, CpF3'5'H_2 showed a 4.6-fold increase vis a vis 3-fold in CcF3'5'H_2. Despite similar gene copy numbers in the two Cajanus spp., interesting genic and promoter sequence changes highlighted the stress responsiveness of CpF3'5'H_2. The relevance of CpF3'5'H_2 in H. armigera resistance was further validated in CpF3'5'H_2-overexpressed transgenic tobacco based on reduced leaf damage and increased larval mortality through an in vitro bioassay. As exciting maiden clues, CpF3'5'H_2 deterred herbivory in transgenic tobacco by increasing total flavonoids, polyphenols and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity. To the best of our knowledge, this is a maiden attempt ascertaining the role of F3'5'H_2 gene in the management of H. armigera. These interesting leads suggest the potential of this pivotal branch-point gene in biotic stress management programs.
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Ahmad F, Nadeem H. Mass Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool to Harness the Production of Secondary Plant Metabolites: The Way Forward for Drug Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:77-103. [PMID: 36301472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular map of diverse biological molecules linked with structure, function, signaling, and regulation within a cell can be elucidated using an analytically demanding omic approach. The latest trend of using "metabolomics" technologies has explained the natural phenomenon of opening a new avenue to understand and enhance bioactive compounds' production. Examination of sequenced plant genomes has revealed that a considerable portion of these encodes genes of secondary metabolism. In addition to genetic and molecular tools developed in the current era, the ever-increasing knowledge about plant metabolism's biochemistry has initiated an approach for wisely designed, more productive genetic engineering of plant secondary metabolism for improved defense systems and enhanced biosynthesis of beneficial metabolites. Secondary plant metabolites are natural products synthesized by plants that are not directly involved with their average growth and development but play a vital role in plant defense mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites are classified into four major classes: terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds. More than 200,000 secondary metabolites are synthesized by plants having a unique and complex structure. Secondary plant metabolites are well characterized and quantified by omics approaches and therefore used by humans in different sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, chemical industries, and biofuel. The aim is to establish metabolomics as a comprehensive and dynamic model of diverse biological molecules for biomarkers and drug discovery. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate the role of metabolomic technology, precisely liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, specifically as a research tool in the production and identification of novel bioactive compounds for drug discovery and to obtain a unified insight of secondary metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Hera Nadeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Song G, Lu Y, Wang Y, Nie C, Xu M, Wang L, Bai Y. Analysis of metabolic differences in maize in different growth stages under nitrogen stress based on UPLC-QTOF-MS. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141232. [PMID: 37077647 PMCID: PMC10106645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Maize has a high demand for nitrogen during the growth period. The study of metabolic changes in maize can provide a theoretical basis for rational nitrogen nutrition regulation. Methods In order to investigate the changes of different metabolites and their metabolic pathways in maize leaves under nitrogen stress, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) for metabolomic analysis of maize leaves under different nitrogen treatments at three critical growth stages (V4, V12 and R1) in a pot experiment under natural conditions. Results and discussion The results showed that nitrogen stress significantly affected sugar metabolism and nitrogen metabolism, and affected carbon and nitrogen balance, and the effects of stress on maize leaves metabolism increased with the growth process. Metabolic pathways such as the TCA cycle and starch and sucrose metabolism were mainly affected at the seeding stage (V4). The stress response to nitrogen deficiency also showed significant upregulation of flavonoids such as luteolin and astragalin during the booting stage (V12) and anthesis-silking stage (R1). During R1 stage, the synthesis of tryptophan and phenylalanine and the degradation of lysine were significantly affected. Compared with nitrogen stress, the metabolic synthesis of key amino acids and jasmonic acid were intensified and the TCA cycle was promoted under nitrogen sufficiency conditions. This study initially revealed that the response mechanism of maize to nitrogen stress at the metabolic level.
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Liu X, Li Y, Micallef SA. Developmentally related and drought-induced shifts in the kale metabolome limited Salmonella enterica association, providing novel insights to enhance food safety. Food Microbiol 2022; 108:104113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang Q, Ruan J, Mumm R, de Vos RCH, Liu MY. Dynamic Changes in the Antioxidative Defense System in the Tea Plant Reveal the Photoprotection-Mediated Temporal Accumulation of Flavonoids under Full Sunlight Exposure. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1695-1708. [PMID: 36043695 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the mechanisms underlying how light affects flavonoid metabolism and the potential role of flavonoids in protecting against photooxidative stress in tea leaves, tea plants adapted to low-light conditions were exposed to full sunlight over 48 h. There was an increase in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as greater accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lutein, tocopherols, ascorbate and malondialdehyde, suggestive of a time-dependent response to photooxidative stress in tea leaves. Analysis of the time dependency of each element of the antioxidant system indicated that carotenoids and tocopherols exhibited the fastest response to light stress (within 3 h), followed by SOD, CAT and catechin, which peaked at 24 h. Meanwhile, flavonols, vitamin C and glutathione showed the slowest response. Subsequent identification of the main phytochemicals involved in protecting against oxidative stress using untargeted metabolomics revealed a fast and initial accumulation of nonesterified catechins that preceded the increase in flavonol glycosides and catechin esters. Gene expression analysis suggested that the light-induced accumulation of flavonoids was highly associated with the gene encoding flavonol synthase. Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation further validated the time-dependent and collaborative effects of flavonoids in photoprotection in tea plants. Intriguingly, the dynamics of the metabolic response are highly distinct from those reported for Arabidopsis, suggesting that the response to light stress is not conserved across plants. This study additionally provides new insights into the functional role of flavonoids in preventing photooxidative stress and may contribute to further improving tea quality through the control of light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 31008, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 31008, China
| | - Roland Mumm
- Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mei-Ya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 31008, China
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20
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Sun Q, Liu M, Cao K, Xu H, Zhou X. UV-B Irradiation to Amino Acids and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rhododendron chrysanthum Leaves by Coupling Deep Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2730. [PMID: 36297754 PMCID: PMC9607639 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under natural environmental conditions, excess UV-B stress can cause serious injuries to plants. However, domestication conditions may allow the plant to better cope with the upcoming UV-B stress. The leaves of Rhododendron chrysanthum are an evergreen plant that grows at low temperatures and high altitudes in the Changbai Mountains, where the harsh ecological environment gives it different UV resistance properties. Metabolites in R. chrysanthum have a significant impact on UV-B resistance, but there are few studies on the dynamics of their material composition and gene expression levels. We used a combination of gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and transcriptomics to analyze domesticated and undomesticated R. chrysanthum under UV-B radiation. A total of 404 metabolites were identified, of which amino acids were significantly higher and carbohydrates were significantly lower in domesticated R. chrysanthum. Transcript profiles throughout R. chrysanthum under UV-B were constructed and analyzed, with an emphasis on sugar and amino acid metabolism. The transcript levels of genes associated with sucrose and starch metabolism during UV-B resistance in R. chrysanthum showed a consistent trend with metabolite content, while amino acid metabolism was the opposite. We used metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches to obtain dynamic changes in metabolite and gene levels during UV-B resistance in R. chrysanthum. These results will provide some insights to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of UV tolerance in plants.
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21
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Ni R, Niu M, Fu J, Tan H, Zhu TT, Zhang J, Lou HX, Zhang P, Li JX, Cheng AX. Molecular and structural characterization of a promiscuous chalcone synthase from the fern species Stenoloma chusanum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1935-1951. [PMID: 35920566 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The key enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway have been extensively studied in seed plants, but relatively less in ferns. In this study, two 4-Coumarate: coenzyme A ligases (Sc4CL1 and Sc4CL2) and one novel chalcone synthase (ScCHS1) were functionally characterized by mining the Stenoloma chusanum transcriptome database. Recombinant Sc4CLs were able to esterify various hydroxycinnamic acids to corresponding acyl-coenzyme A (CoA). ScCHS1 could catalyze p-coumaroyl-CoA, cinnamoyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA, and feruloyl-CoA to form naringenin, pinocembrin, eriodictyol, and homoeriodictyol, respectively. Moreover, enzymatic kinetics studies revealed that the optimal substrates of ScCHS1 were feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA, rather than p-coumaroyl-CoA, which was substantially different from the common CHSs. Crystallographic and site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that the amino acid residues, Leu87, Leu97, Met165, and Ile200, located in the substrate-binding pocket near the B-ring of products, could exert a significant impact on the unique catalytic activity of ScCHS1. Furthermore, overexpression of ScCHS1 in tt4 mutants could partially rescue the mutant phenotypes. Finally, ScCHS1 and Sc4CL1 were used to synthesize flavanones and flavones with multi-substituted hydroxyl and methoxyl B-ring in Escherichia coli, which can effectively eliminate the need for the cytochrome P450 hydroxylation/O-methyltransferase from simple phenylpropanoid acids. In summary, the identification of these important Stenoloma enzymes provides a springboard for the future production of various flavonoids in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Meng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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22
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Luiza Cadorin Oldoni T, dos Santos S, Leite Mitterer-Daltoé M, Henrique Pizone L, Aparecido de Lima V. Moringa oleifera leaves from Brazil: influence of seasonality, regrowth age and, region in biochemical markers and antioxidant potential. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Foliar and Root Comparative Metabolomics and Phenolic Profiling of Micro-Tom Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plants Associated with a Gene Expression Analysis in Response to Short Daily UV Treatments. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141829. [PMID: 35890464 PMCID: PMC9319050 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is globally recognised as a high-value crop both for commercial profit and nutritional benefits. In contrast to the extensive data regarding the changes in the metabolism of tomato fruit exposed to UV radiation, less is known about the foliar and root metabolome. Using an untargeted metabolomic approach through UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, we detected thousands of metabolites in the leaves (3000) and roots (2800) of Micro-Tom tomato plants exposed to 11 days of short daily UV radiation, applied only on the aboveground organs. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as OPLS-DA and volcano, were performed to allow a better understanding of the modifications caused by the treatment. Based on the unexpected modulation to the secondary metabolism, especially the phenylpropanoid pathway, of which compounds were down and up accumulated respectively in leaves and roots of treated plants, a phenolic profiling was carried out for both organs. The phenolic profile was associated with a gene expression analysis to check the transcription trend of genes involved in the UVR8 signalling pathway and the early steps of the phenolic biosynthesis. The retention of the modifications at metabolic and phenolic levels was also investigated 3 days after the UV treatment, showing a prolonged effect on the modulation once the UV treatment had ceased.
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UVB Irradiation-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Lignin- and Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Indole/Tryptophan-Auxin-Responsive Genes in Rice Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121618. [PMID: 35736769 PMCID: PMC9229965 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Global warming accelerates the destruction of the ozone layer, increasing the amount of UVB reaching the Earth’s surface, which in turn alters plant growth and development. The effects of UVB-induced alterations of plant secondary and cell wall metabolism were previously documented; however, there is little knowledge of its effects on rice seedlings during the developmental phase of leaves. In this study, we examined secondary metabolic responses to UVB stress using a transcriptomic approach, focusing on the biosynthetic pathways for lignin, flavonoid, and indole/tryptophan-auxin responses. As new leaves emerged, they were irradiated with UVB for 5 days (for 3 h/day−1). The genes encoding the enzymes related to lignin (4CL, CAD, and POD) and flavonoid biosynthesis (CHS, CHI, and FLS) were highly expressed on day 1 (younger leaves) and day 5 (older leaves) after UVB irradiation. The expression of the genes encoding the enzymes related to tryptophan biosynthesis (AS, PRT, PRAI, IGPS, and TS) increased on day 3 of UVB irradiation, and the level of tryptophan increased and showed the same temporal pattern of occurrence as the expression of the cognate gene. Interestingly, the genes encoding BBX4 and BBX11, negative regulators of UVB signaling, and SAUR27 and SAUR55, auxin response enzymes, were downregulated on day 3 of UVB irradiation. When these results are taken together, they suggest that secondary metabolic pathways in rice seedlings are influenced by the interaction between UVB irradiation and the leaf developmental stage. Thus, the strategies of protection against, adaptation to, and mitigation of UVB might be delicately regulated, and, in this context, our data provide valuable information to understand UVB-induced secondary metabolism in rice seedlings.
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Sun Y, Liu Q, Shang S, Chen J, Lu P, Zang Y, Tang X. Physiological Responses and Metabonomics Analysis of Male and Female Sargassum thunbergii Macroalgae Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:778602. [PMID: 35481140 PMCID: PMC9037290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.778602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is a major environmental stress that suppresses or activates defense responses in organisms. UV-B radiation affecting growth and development in intertidal species have been researched for a long time, but a series of unknown knowledge remain in the male and female macroalgae comparison. To compare the different responses of male and female Sargassum thunbergii macroalgae under UV-B radiation, PSII photochemical efficiency determination, metabolomic analysis, and main carbon-based metabolites (including soluble sugar, total amino acid, and lipid) content measuring have been performed in our experiments. Results showed that males have significantly superiority performance in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of F v/F m, Y(II), and Y(NO) either low or high UV-B radiation treatments. Metabolomics analysis revealed that carbon and nitrogen metabolism pathways in male and female S. thunbergii were significant components responding to enhanced UV-B radiation. Based on measuring, female S. thunbergii lipid content expressed higher than males without any stimulation. Additionally, under low UV-B radiation stimulation, females total amino acid content shown significantly higher than control group and their lipid content also significantly higher than males. Under high UV-B radiation, males soluble sugar, total amino acid, and lipid content significantly varied from females, which meant that enhancing UV-B stress might altered mainly carbon-based metabolites flowing directions. The present study elucidated the potential role of enhanced UV-B radiation in regulating macroalgae physiological responses, metabolites changing, and reflecting differences between male and female S. thunbergii, contributing to understanding of brown-macroalgae diecious adopting mechanisms in defending intertidal UV-B stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Shang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peiyao Lu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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26
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Liu C, Su Y, Li J, Jia B, Cao Z, Qin G. Physiological adjustment of pomegranate pericarp responding to sunburn and its underlying molecular mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35369864 PMCID: PMC8978398 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunburn is common in pomegranate, and sunburned fruits have poor appearance and low marketability. However, the physiological and metabolic responses to sunburn and their underlying molecular mechanisms in pomegranate fruit are little understood. Fruit of sunburn-sensitive cultivar 'Hongyushizi' was used to carry out physiological parameter detection and widely-targeted metabolomics and transcriptome study. RESULTS Malondialdehyde and relative conductivity increased with the severity of sunburn, which indicated increased membrane injury. Meanwhile, the content of antioxidants (total phenols and flavonoids), which reduce and repair membrane damage, increased and were accompanied by increases in total antioxidant capacity. In sunburned fruits compared with controls, 129 metabolites changed (including naringenin, pelargonidin and kaempferol) and 447 differentially expressed genes including CHI (Pgr25966.1), F3'5'H (Pgr26644.1), and CHS (Pgr005566.1) may have contributed to these changes. Transcription factors, such as NAC 5 (Pgr008725.1), MYB 93 (Pgr001791.1), and MYB 111 (Pgr027973.1) may be involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis by regulating the CHI, F3'5'H, and CHS etc. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide insight into the sunburn mechanisms of pomegranate, and also into the genetic improvement of fruit sunburn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ying Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Botao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Gaihua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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Tsurumoto T, Fujikawa Y, Onoda Y, Ochi Y, Ohta D, Okazawa A. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that narrowband 280 and 310 nm UV-B induce distinctive responses in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4319. [PMID: 35279697 PMCID: PMC8918342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn plants, the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) perceives UV-B and induces UV-B responses. UVR8 absorbs a range of UV-B (260–335 nm). However, the responsiveness of plants to each UV-B wavelength has not been intensively studied so far. Here, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Arabidopsis using UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 280 and 310 nm to investigate the differences in the wavelength-specific UV-B responses. Irradiation with both UV-LEDs induced gene expression of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), which has a central role in the UVR8 signaling pathway. However, the overall transcriptomic and metabolic responses to 280 and 310 nm UV-LED irradiation were different. Most of the known UV-B-responsive genes, such as defense-related genes, responded only to 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. Lipids, polyamines and organic acids were the metabolites most affected by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation, whereas the effect of 310 nm UV-LED irradiation on the metabolome was considerably less. Enzymatic genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway upstream in anthocyanin biosynthesis were up-regulated only by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. These results revealed that the responsivenesses of Arabidopsis to 280 and 310 nm UV-B were significantly different, suggesting that UV-B signaling is mediated by more complex pathways than the current model.
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Chemical Profiling of Two Italian Olea europaea (L.) Varieties Subjected to UV-B Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050680. [PMID: 35270150 PMCID: PMC8912780 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer due to natural and/or anthropogenic causes decreases the amount of UV-B radiation filtered, and consequently increases the risk of potential damage to organisms. In the Mediterranean region, high UV-B indices are frequent. Even for species typical of this region, such as the olive tree, the progressive increase in UV-B radiation represents a threat. This work aimed to understand how high UV-B radiation modulates the phenolic and lipophilic profile of olive varieties, and identify metabolites that enhance olive stress tolerance. Two Italian olive varieties were subjected to chronic UV-B stress, and leaves were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the most representative phenolic and lipophilic compounds of Giarraffa and Olivastra Seggianese were readjusted in response to UV-B stress. The Giarraffa variety seemed better suited to prolonged UV-B stress, possibly due to the higher availability of flavonoids that could help control oxidative damage, and the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives that could provide strong UV-B shield protection. In addition, this variety contained higher levels of fatty acids (e.g., palmitic, α-linolenic, and stearic acids), which can help to maintain membrane integrity and accumulate more sorbitol (which may serve as an osmoprotectant or act a free-radical scavenger), terpenes, and long-chain alkanes, providing higher protection against UV-B stress.
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29
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Menard GN, Langdon M, Bhunia RK, Shankhapal AR, Noleto-Dias C, Lomax C, Ward JL, Kurup S, Eastmond PJ. Diverting phenylpropanoid pathway flux from sinapine to produce industrially useful 4-vinyl derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids in Brassicaceous oilseeds. Metab Eng 2022; 70:196-205. [PMID: 35121114 PMCID: PMC8860379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sinapine (sinapoylcholine) is an antinutritive phenolic compound that can account for up to 2% of seed weight in brassicaceous oilseed crops and reduces the suitability of their protein-rich seed meal for use as animal feed. Sinapine biosynthesis draws on hydroxycinnamic acid precursors produced by the phenylpropanoid pathway. The 4-vinyl derivatives of several hydroxycinnamic acids have industrial applications. For example, 4-vinyl phenol (4-hydroxystyrene) is a building block for a range of synthetic polymers applied in resins, inks, elastomers, and coatings. Here we have expressed a modified bacterial phenolic acid decarboxylase (PAD) in developing seed of Camelina sativa to redirect phenylpropanoid pathway flux from sinapine biosynthesis to the production of 4-vinyl phenols. PAD expression led to a ∼95% reduction in sinapine content in seeds of both glasshouse and field grown C. sativa and to an accumulation of 4-vinyl derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids, primarily as glycosides. The most prevalent aglycone was 4-vinyl phenol, but 4-vinyl guaiacol, 6-hydroxy-4-vinyl guaiacol and 4-vinylsyringol (Canolol) were also detected. The molar quantity of 4-vinyl phenol glycosides was more than twice that of sinapine in wild type seeds. PAD expression was not associated with an adverse effect on seed yield, harvest index, seed morphology, storage oil content or germination in either glasshouse or field experiments. Our data show that expression of PAD in brassicaceous oilseeds can supress sinapine accumulation, diverting phenylpropanoid pathway flux into 4-vinyl phenol derivatives, thereby also providing a non-petrochemical source of this class of industrial chemicals. A phenolic acid decarboxylase was expressed in developing Camelina sativa seeds. Production of the antinutritive phenolic compound sinapine was reduced by 95%. Hydroxycinnamic acids were converted to 4-vinyl phenols and accumulated as glycosides. The quantity of 4-vinyl phenols was more than twice that of sinapine in wild type. Seed yield appeared not to be affected in either glasshouse or field experiments.
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Klem K, Oravec M, Holub P, Šimor J, Findurová H, Surá K, Veselá B, Hodaňová P, Jansen MAK, Urban O. Interactive effects of nitrogen, UV and PAR on barley morphology and biochemistry are associated with the leaf C:N balance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:111-124. [PMID: 35063862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions to which plants acclimate prior exposure to abiotic or biotic stressors can greatly affect their subsequent resilience. This may have a significant impact on the response to ongoing climate change and can be useful for increasing the food security under adverse weather conditions associated with climate change.Within this study, we tested the hypothesis that plant morphological and biochemical acclimation to radiation conditions and nitrogen (N) availability is closely linked with carbon (C) and N balance. Four barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties, differing in their morphological characteristics and sensitivity to photooxidative stress, were grown at two levels of N supply and four radiation regimes combining distinct levels of ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Changes in root and shoot morphology, accumulation of phenolic compounds, amino acids, and sugars were studied together with the analysis of C and N content in leaves. Both UV and PAR reduced leaf length and increased root-to-shoot ratio (R:S). Such effect was more pronounced under high N availability. High N supply reduced R:S, but this effect showed significant interactions with UV and PAR, and also with barley variety. Changes in R:S were positively related to C:N ratio in leaves that varied in response to both N availability and radiation treatments. UV radiation, particularly in combination with high PAR intensity, led to increases in most phenolic compounds (particularly flavones such as saponarin, homoorientin and isovitexin) which was also closely associated with changes in C:N ratio, while specifically phenolic acids (vanillic and syringic acids) decreased under high levels of UV and PAR, and hydroxycinnamic acids responded positively mainly to PAR. Although high N availability generally reduced the accumulation of phenolic compounds, this effect was genotype-specific and modulated by the radiation regime. A similar antagonistic effect of radiation treatment and N availability was also found for the accumulation of sugars (pentoses), resulting in a close relationship between the accumulation of pentoses and C:N ratio. The accumulation of most amino acids, in contrary to phenolic compounds, increases at high N and is also stimulated by high PAR and UV intensities. We conclude that radiation conditions and N availability have opposite effects on plant morphology and accumulation of most phenolic compounds and modulate the amino acid and sugar metabolism. Strong associations of these responses with changes in C:N ratio indicates that plant stoichiometry integrates acclimation processes and induction of relevant defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klem
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University on Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - M Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Holub
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Šimor
- Mendel University on Brno, Czech Republic
| | - H Findurová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University on Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Surá
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Hodaňová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M A K Jansen
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - O Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Wang Y, Wang J, Lv Q, He YK. ADH2/GSNOR1 is a key player in limiting genotoxic damage mediated by formaldehyde and UV-B in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:378-391. [PMID: 34919280 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is an essential requirement for all living organisms. Formaldehyde and UV-B irradiation cause DNA damage and affect genome stability, growth and development, but the interplay between these two genotoxic factors is poorly understood in plants. We show that Arabidopsis adh2/gsnor1 mutant, which lacks alcohol dehydrogenase 2/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (ADH2/GSNOR1), are hypersensitive to low fluence UV-B irradiation or UV-B irradiation-mimetic chemicals. Although the ADH2/GSNOR1 enzyme can act on different substrates, notably on S-hydroxymethylglutathione (HMG) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), our study provides several lines of evidence that the sensitivity of gsnor1 to UV-B is caused mainly by UV-B-induced formaldehyde accumulation rather than other factors such as alteration of the GSNO concentration. Our results demonstrate an interplay between formaldehyde and UV-B that exacerbates genome instability, leading to severe DNA damage and impaired growth and development in Arabidopsis, and show that ADH2/GSNOR1 is a key player in combating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Qiang Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Kun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Ren G, Yang P, Cui J, Gao Y, Yin C, Bai Y, Zhao D, Chang J. Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:886805. [PMID: 35677242 PMCID: PMC9168679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.886805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the most important cereal crops and contains many health-promoting substances. Sorghum has high tolerance to abiotic stress and contains a variety of flavonoids compounds. Flavonoids are produced by the phenylpropanoid pathway and performed a wide range of functions in plants resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. A multiomics analysis of two sorghum cultivars (HN and GZ) under different salt treatments time (0, 24, 48, and 72) was performed. A total of 45 genes, 58 secondary metabolites, and 246 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in different comparison models. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were allocated to the "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" pathways. The most enriched pathways of the common differentially accumulating metabolites (DAMs) were "flavonoid biosynthesis," followed by "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" and "arginine and proline metabolism." The common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly distributed in "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis," "biosynthesis of cofactors," and "RNA transport." Furthermore, considerable differences were observed in the accumulation of low molecular weight nonenzymatic antioxidants and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Collectively, the results of our study support the idea that flavonoid biological pathways may play an important physiological role in the ability of sorghum to withstand salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzeng Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Puyuan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianghui Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yukun Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Congpei Yin
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuzhe Bai
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinhua Chang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Chang,
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Um T, Choi J, Park T, Chung PJ, Jung SE, Shim JS, Kim YS, Choi I, Park SC, Oh S, Seo JS, Kim J. Rice microRNA171f/SCL6 module enhances drought tolerance by regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e374. [PMID: 35028494 PMCID: PMC8743358 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated defense systems to enhance drought tolerance. These include the microRNA (miRNA) group of small noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators; however, details of the mechanisms by which they confer drought tolerance are not well understood. Here, we show that osa-MIR171f, a member of osa-MIR171 gene family, is mainly expressed in response to drought stress and regulates the transcript levels of SCARECROW-LIKE6-I (SCL6-I) and SCL6-II in rice (Oryza sativa). The SCL6 genes are known to be involved in shoot branching and flag leaf morphology. Osa-MIR171f-overexpressing (osa-MIR171f-OE) transgenic plants showed reduced drought symptoms compared with non-transgenic (NT) control plants under both field drought and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated dehydration stress conditions. Transcriptome analysis of osa-MIR171f-OE plants and osa-mir171f-knockout (K/O) lines generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) revealed that osa-mature-miR171a-f (osa-miR171) regulates the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes, consequently leading to drought tolerance. This upregulation in the osa-MIR171f-OE plants, which did not occur in NT control plants, was observed under both normal and drought conditions. Our findings indicate that osa-miR171 plays a role in drought tolerance by regulating SCL6-I and SCL6-II transcript levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Um
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research InstituteKangwon National UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Joohee Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
- Novel Food DivisionNational Institute of Food and Drug Safety EvaluationCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Taehyeon Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
| | - Se Eun Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
- School of Biological Sciences and TechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuSouth Korea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research InstituteKangwon National UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Ik‐Young Choi
- Department of Agricultural and life industryKangwon National UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Soo Chul Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural ScienceRural Development AdministrationJeonjuSouth Korea
| | - Se‐Jun Oh
- LaSemilla Co. LtdPyeongchangSouth Korea
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangSouth Korea
- LaSemilla Co. LtdPyeongchangSouth Korea
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Sun X, Xue X, Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng D, Song W, Zhao J, Wei J, Wu Z, Zhang Z. Natural variation of ZmCGT1 is responsible for isoorientin accumulation in maize silk. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:64-76. [PMID: 34695260 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) silk contains high levels of flavonoids and is widely used to promote human health. Isoorientin, a natural C-glycoside flavone abundant in maize silk, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential value. Although different classes of flavonoid have been well characterized in plants, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoorientin in maize are largely unknown. Here, we used targeted metabolic profiling of isoorientin on the silks in an association panel consisting of 294 maize inbred lines. We identified the gene ZmCGT1 by genome-wide association analysis. The ZmCGT1 protein was characterized as a 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosyltransferase that can C-glycosylate 2-hydroxyflavanone to form flavone-C-glycoside after dehydration. Moreover, ZmCGT1 overexpression increased isoorientin levels and RNA interference-mediated ZmCGT1 knockdown decreased accumulation of isoorientin in maize silk. Further, two nucleotide polymorphisms, A502C and A1022G, which led to amino acid changes I168L and E341G, respectively, were identified to be functional polymorphisms responsible for the natural variation in isoorientin levels. In summary, we identified the gene ZmCGT1, which plays an important role in isoorientin biosynthesis, providing insights into the genetic basis of the natural variation in isoorientin levels in maize silk. The identified favorable CG allele of ZmCGT1 may be further used for genetic improvement of nutritional quality in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengyu Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongbao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yang G, Nabi F, Sajid S, Kaleri AR, Jakhar AM, Cheng L, Raspor M, Muhammad N, Ma J, Hu Y. Response of root development and nutrient uptake of two chinese cultivars of hybrid rice to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Sichuan Province, China. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8009-8021. [PMID: 34665398 PMCID: PMC8604849 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemical fertilization helped modern agriculture in grain yield improvement to ensure food security. The response of chemical fertilization for higher hybrid rice production is highly dependent on optimal fertilization management in paddy fields. To assess such responses, in the current work we examine the yield, root growth, and expression of related genes responsible for stress metabolism of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in two hybrid-rice cultivars Deyou4727 (D47) and Yixiangyou2115 (Y21). Methods and results The experiment followed four nitrogen (N) (N0, N60, N120, and N180 kg/ha) and phosphorus (P) (P0, P60, P90, and P120 kg/ha) fertilizer levels. The grain yield in D47 was more sensitive to nitrogen application, while Y21 was more sensitive to phosphorus application, which resulted in comparatively higher biomass and yield. Our findings were corroborated by gene expression studies of glutamine synthetase OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 and phosphate starvation-related genes PHR1 and SPX, confirming sensitivity to N and P application. The number of roots was less sensitive to nitrogen application in D47 between N0 and N60, but the overall nutrient response difference was significantly higher due to the deep rooting system as compared to Y21. Conclusions The higher yield, high N and P use efficiency, and versatile root growth of D47 make it suitable to reduce unproductive usage of N and P from paddy fields, improving hybrid rice productivity, and environmental safety in the Sichuan basin area of China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-021-06835-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Yang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Farhan Nabi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Sumbal Sajid
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Ali Murad Jakhar
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Martin Raspor
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia,, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Noor Muhammad
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yungao Hu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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Zhou X, Lyu J, Sun L, Dong J, Xu H. Metabolic programming of Rhododendron chrysanthum leaves following exposure to UVB irradiation. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:1175-1185. [PMID: 34600596 DOI: 10.1071/fp20386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive UVB reaching the earth is a cause for concern. To decipher the mechanism concerning UVB resistance of plants, we studied the effects of UVB radiation on photosynthesis and metabolic profiling of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. by applying 2.3Wm-2 of UVB radiation for 2days. Results showed that maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSII (φPSII) decreased by 7.95% and 8.36%, respectively, following UVB exposure. Twenty five known metabolites were identified as most important by two different methods, including univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Treatment of R. chrysanthum with UVB increased the abundance of flavonoids, organic acids, and amino acids by 62%, 22%, and 5%, respectively. UVB irradiation also induced about 1.18-fold increase in 11 top-ranked metabolites identified: five organic acids (d-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid, maleic acid, glyceric acid, fumaric acid and suberic acid), four amino acids (l-norleucine, 3-oxoalanine, l-serine and glycine), and two fatty acids (pelargonic acid and myristoleic acid). In addition, UVB irradiation increased the intermediate products of arginine biosynthesis and the TCA cycle. Taken together, the accumulation of flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids and fatty acids, accompanied by enhancement of TCA cycle and arginine biosynthesis, may protect R. chrysanthum plants against UVB deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Zhou
- Faculty of Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Spectral Regions Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jie Lyu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Li Sun
- Faculty of Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- Faculty of Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Spectral Regions Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Faculty of Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Spectral Regions Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
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37
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Wang X, Liu S, Zuo H, Zheng W, Zhang S, Huang Y, Pingcuo G, Ying H, Zhao F, Li Y, Liu J, Yi TS, Zan Y, Larkin RM, Deng X, Zeng X, Xu Q. Genomic basis of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan Prunus fruit trees. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3848-3860.e8. [PMID: 34314676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Great Himalayan Mountains and their foothills are believed to be the place of origin and development of many plant species. The genetic basis of adaptation to high plateaus is a fascinating topic that is poorly understood at the population level. We comprehensively collected and sequenced 377 accessions of Prunus germplasm along altitude gradients ranging from 2,067 to 4,492 m in the Himalayas. We de novo assembled three high-quality genomes of Tibetan Prunus species. A comparative analysis of Prunus genomes indicated a remarkable expansion of the SINE retrotransposons occurred in the genomes of Tibetan species. We observed genetic differentiation between Tibetan peaches from high and low altitudes and that genes associated with light stress signaling, especially UV stress signaling, were enriched in the differentiated regions. By profiling the metabolomes of Tibetan peach fruit, we determined 379 metabolites had significant genetic correlations with altitudes and that in particular phenylpropanoids were positively correlated with altitudes. We identified 62 Tibetan peach-specific SINEs that colocalized with metabolites differentially accumualted in Tibetan relative to cultivated peach. We demonstrated that two SINEs were inserted in a locus controlling the accumulation of 3-O-feruloyl quinic acid. SINE1 was specific to Tibetan peach. SINE2 was predominant in high altitudes and associated with the accumulation of 3-O-feruloyl quinic acid. These genomic and metabolic data for Prunus populations native to the Himalayan region indicate that the expansion of SINE retrotransposons helped Tibetan Prunus species adapt to the harsh environment of the Himalayan plateau by promoting the accumulation of beneficial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weikang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China; Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gesang Pingcuo
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China; Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Hong Ying
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China; Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China; Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Yuanrong Li
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China; Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting-Shuang Yi
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanjun Zan
- Department of Forestry Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90736, Sweden
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Zeng
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China; Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit trees) Biology and Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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38
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Alteration of Plant Central Metabolism. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040304. [PMID: 33915958 PMCID: PMC8066879 DOI: 10.3390/life11040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an integral component of various stress conditions in plants, and this fact largely determines the substantial overlap in physiological and molecular responses to biotic and abiotic environmental challenges. In this review, we discuss the alterations in central metabolism occurring in plants experiencing oxidative stress. To focus on the changes in metabolite profile associated with oxidative stress per se, we primarily analyzed the information generated in the studies based on the exogenous application of agents, inducing oxidative stress, and the analysis of mutants displaying altered oxidative stress response. Despite of the significant variation in oxidative stress responses among different plant species and tissues, the dynamic and transient character of stress-induced changes in metabolites, and the strong dependence of metabolic responses on the intensity of stress, specific characteristic changes in sugars, sugar derivatives, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, and amino acids, associated with adaptation to oxidative stress have been detected. The presented analysis of the available data demonstrates the oxidative stress-induced redistribution of metabolic fluxes targeted at the enhancement of plant stress tolerance through the prevention of ROS accumulation, maintenance of the biosynthesis of indispensable metabolites, and production of protective compounds. This analysis provides a theoretical basis for the selection/generation of plants with improved tolerance to oxidative stress and the development of metabolic markers applicable in research and routine agricultural practice.
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Sugi N, Le QTN, Kobayashi M, Kusano M, Shiba H. Integrated transcript and metabolite profiling reveals coordination between biomass size and nitrogen metabolism in Arabidopsis F 1 hybrids. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:67-75. [PMID: 34177326 PMCID: PMC8215461 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.1126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis refers to the improved agronomic performance of F1 hybrids relative to their parents. Although this phenomenon is widely employed to increase biomass, yield, and stress tolerance of plants, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To dissect the metabolic fluctuations derived from genomic and/or environmental differences contributing to the improved biomass of F1 hybrids relative to their parents, we optimized the growth condition for Arabidopsis thaliana F1 hybrids and their parents. Modest but statistically significant increase in the biomass of F1 hybrids was observed. Plant samples grown under the optimized condition were also utilized for integrated omics analysis to capture specific changes in the F1 hybrids. Metabolite profiling of F1 hybrids and parent plants was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the detected 237 metabolites, 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and malate levels were lower and the level of aspartate was higher in the F1 hybrids than in each parent. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that there were 44 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated genes with more than 1.5-fold changes in expression levels in the F1 hybrid compared to each parent. Gene ontology (GO) analyses indicated that genes up-regulated in the F1 hybrids were largely related to organic nitrogen (N) process. Quantitative PCR verified that glutamine synthetase 2 (AtGLN2) was upregulated in the F1 hybrids, while other genes encoding enzymes in the GS-GOGAT cycle showed no significant differences between the hybrid and parent lines. These results suggested the existence of metabolic regulation that coordinates biomass and N metabolism involving AtGLN2 in F1 hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sugi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Quynh Thi Ngoc Le
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiba
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Maher M, Ahmad H, Nishawy E, Li Y, Luo J. Novel Transcriptome Study and Detection of Metabolic Variations in UV-B-Treated Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera cv. Khalas). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2564. [PMID: 33806362 PMCID: PMC7961990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the most widespread fruit crop species and can tolerate drastic environmental conditions that may not be suitable for other fruit species. Excess UV-B stress is one of the greatest concerns for date palm trees and can cause genotoxic effects. Date palm responds to UV-B irradiation through increased DEG expression levels and elaborates upon regulatory metabolic mechanisms that assist the plants in adjusting to this exertion. Sixty-day-old Khalas date palm seedlings (first true-leaf stage) were treated with UV-B (wavelength, 253.7 nm; intensity, 75 μW cm-2 for 72 h (16 h of UV light and 8 h of darkness). Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,249 and 12,426 genes whose expressions were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, compared to the genes in the control. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes included transcription factor-encoding genes and chloroplast- and photosystem-related genes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to detect metabolite variations. Fifty metabolites, including amino acids and flavonoids, showed changes in levels after UV-B excess. Amino acid metabolism was changed by UV-B irradiation, and some amino acids interacted with precursors of different pathways that were used to synthesize secondary metabolites, i.e., flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. The metabolite content response to UV-B irradiation according to hierarchical clustering analysis showed changes in amino acids and flavonoids compared with those of the control. Amino acids might increase the function of scavengers of reactive oxygen species by synthesizing flavonoids that increase in response to UV-B treatment. This study enriches the annotated date palm unigene sequences and enhances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying UV-B stress through genetic manipulation. Moreover, this study provides a sequence resource for genetic, genomic and metabolic studies of date palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Maher
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.M.); (H.A.); (E.N.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hasan Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.M.); (H.A.); (E.N.); (Y.L.)
- National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.M.); (H.A.); (E.N.); (Y.L.)
- Desert Research Center, Genetics Resource Department, Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, Cairo 11735, Egypt
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.M.); (H.A.); (E.N.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.M.); (H.A.); (E.N.); (Y.L.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry of Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
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Wang Z, Luo Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu P, Bai G, Zhou Z, Xie H, Yang J. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of NtWRKY11b in promoting the biosynthesis of flavonols in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110799. [PMID: 33568298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of flavonols and anthocyanins is precisely regulated by different transcription factors in plants. WRKY11 promotes the biosynthesis of flavonoids in apple, but the molecular mechanism of WRKY11 regulating flavonols biosynthesis, and whether WRKY11 plays the same roles in other plants species remains to be further studied. Here, we cloned four NtWRKY11 genes from tobacco, which all contained the conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide and a zinc-finger motif. The NtWRKY11b showed higher expression levels than the other NtWRKY11 genes in all the tobacco tissues examined, especially in tobacco leaves. Silencing of NtWRKY11b in tobacco leaves reduced the content of flavonols to 45.2 %-69.8 % of that in the WT plants, but overexpression of NtWRKY11b increased the flavonols content by 37.8 %-80.7 %. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 flavonoids related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NtWRKY11b-OE and WT plants, among which the transcription of NtMYB12, NtFLS, NtGT5, and NtUFGT was significantly induced by posttranslational activation of NtWRKY11b with the presence of protein synthesis inhibitor, indicating a putative direct promotion of NtWRKY11b on the transcription of these flavonoids related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated that NtWRKY11b could bind to the promoter regions of NtMYB12, NtFLS, NtGT5, and NtUFGT to activate the transcription of these genes. Moreover, ectopic expression of NtWRKY11b also promoted the expression levels of NtCML38, NtCTL1, NtWRKY44, and NtCML37 genes, which have been shown to enhance plant resistance to various stresses. Our findings revealed the molecular mechanism of NtWRKY11b regulating flavonols biosynthesis, and provided a promising target for increasing flavonols content in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ge Bai
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - He Xie
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Warner R, Wu BS, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. A Review of Strawberry Photobiology and Fruit Flavonoids in Controlled Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:611893. [PMID: 33633764 PMCID: PMC7902047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.611893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technology development in controlled environment (CE) plant production has been applied to a large variety of plants. In recent years, strawberries have become a popular fruit for CE production because of their high economic and nutritional values. With the widespread use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology in the produce industry, growers can manipulate strawberry growth and development by providing specific light spectra. Manipulating light intensity and spectral composition can modify strawberry secondary metabolism and highly impact fruit quality and antioxidant properties. While the impact of visible light on secondary metabolite profiles for other greenhouse crops is well documented, more insight into the impact of different light spectra, from UV radiation to the visible light spectrum, on strawberry plants is required. This will allow growers to maximize yield and rapidly adapt to consumer preferences. In this review, a compilation of studies investigating the effect of light properties on strawberry fruit flavonoids is provided, and a comparative analysis of how light spectra influences strawberry's photobiology and secondary metabolism is presented. The effects of pre-harvest and post-harvest light treatments with UV radiation and visible light are considered. Future studies and implications for LED lighting configurations in strawberry fruit production for researchers and growers are discussed.
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TCA cycle signalling and the evolution of eukaryotes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 68:72-88. [PMID: 33137653 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A major question remaining in the field of evolutionary biology is how prokaryotic organisms made the leap to complex eukaryotic life. The prevailing theory depicts the origin of eukaryotic cell complexity as emerging from the symbiosis between an α-proteobacterium, the ancestor of present-day mitochondria, and an archaeal host (endosymbiont theory). A primary contribution of mitochondria to eukaryogenesis has been attributed to the mitochondrial genome, which enabled the successful internalisation of bioenergetic membranes and facilitated remarkable genome expansion. It has also been postulated that a key contribution of the archaeal host during eukaryogenesis was in providing 'archaeal histones' that would enable compaction and regulation of an expanded genome. Yet, how the communication between the host and the symbiont evolved is unclear. Here, we propose an evolutionary concept in which mitochondrial TCA cycle signalling was also a crucial player during eukaryogenesis enabling the dynamic control of an expanded genome via regulation of DNA and histone modifications. Furthermore, we discuss how TCA cycle remodelling is a common evolutionary strategy invoked by eukaryotic organisms to coordinate stress responses and gene expression programmes, with a particular focus on the TCA cycle-derived metabolite itaconate.
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Yin X, Fan H, Chen Y, Li LZ, Song W, Fan Y, Zhou W, Ma G, Alolga RN, Li W, Zhang B, Li P, Tran LSP, Lu X, Qi LW. Integrative omic and transgenic analyses reveal the positive effect of ultraviolet-B irradiation on salvianolic acid biosynthesis through upregulation of SmNAC1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:781-799. [PMID: 32772407 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids (SalAs), a group of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza, are widely used for treating cerebrovascular diseases. Their biosynthesis is modulated by a variety of abiotic factors, including ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, an integrated metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic approach coupled with transgenic analyses was employed to dissect the mechanisms underlying UV-B irradiation-induced SalA biosynthesis. Results of metabolomics showed that 28 metabolites, including 12 SalAs, were elevated in leaves of UV-B-treated S. miltiorrhiza. Meanwhile, the contents of several phytohormones, including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, which positively modulate the biosynthesis of SalAs, also increased in UV-B-treated S. miltiorrhiza. Consistently, 20 core biosynthetic enzymes and numerous transcription factors that are involved in SalA biosynthesis were elevated in treated samples as indicated by a comprehensive proteomic analysis. Correlation and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the NAC1 gene, encoding a NAC transcriptional factor, was positively involved in UV-B-induced SalA biosynthesis. Accordingly, overexpression and RNA interference of NAC1 increased and decreased SalA contents, respectively, through regulation of key biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, ChIP-qPCR and Dual-LUC assays showed that NAC1 could directly bind to the CATGTG and CATGTC motifs present in the promoters of the SalA biosynthesis-related genes PAL3 and TAT3, respectively, and activate their expression. Our results collectively demonstrate that NAC1 plays a crucial role in UV-B irradiation-induced SalA biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the UV-B-induced SalA biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza, and shed light on a great potential for the development of SalA-abundant varieties through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Li
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanming Fan
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ping Li
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lam-Son P Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xu Lu
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the regulation of pigmentation in the purple variety of Dendrobium officinale. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17700. [PMID: 33077850 PMCID: PMC7573623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome from purple (Pr) and normal cultivated varieties (CK) of Dendrobium officinale to gain insights into the regulatory networks associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism and to identify the key regulatory genes of pigmentation. Metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing. Pr had more flavonoids in the stem than did CK. Metabolome analyses showed that 148 differential metabolites are involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, amino acids, purines, and organic acids. Among them, the delphinidin and quercetin derivatives were significantly higher in Pr. A total of 4927 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched (p ≤ 0.01) in 50 Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed significantly enriched phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phytohormone signal transduction in Pr versus CK. The expression levels of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) affected the flux of dihydroflavonol, which led to a color change in Pr. Moreover, DEG enrichment and metabolite analyses reflected flavonoid accumulation in Pr related to brassinosteroid (BR) and auxin metabolism. The results of this study elucidate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in D. officinale.
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Dias MC, Santos C, Silva S, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Physiological and Metabolite Reconfiguration of Olea europaea to Cope and Recover from a Heat or High UV-B Shock. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11339-11349. [PMID: 32955863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand how olives reconfigure their metabolism to face stress shock episodes, plants from the economically relevant olive (Olea europaea cv. Cobrançosa) were exposed to high UV-B radiation (UV-B, 12 kJ m-2 d-1) or heat shock (HS, 40 °C) for two consecutive days. The physiological responses and some important lipophilic compounds were evaluated immediately (day 0) and 30 days after UV-B or HS episodes. Both treatments induced a reduction of the olive physiological performance, particularly increasing cell membrane damages and proline pool and at the same time reducing chlorophyll levels, the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers (F'v/F'm). Nevertheless, the HS episode caused more adverse effects, additionally reducing the pool of protective pigments (carotenoids) and the maximum efficiency of PSII (with F0 increase). In the UV-B treatment, despite the higher lipid peroxidation, the activation of some stress protective mechanisms (e.g., increase of NPQ and carotenoids and remobilization of some metabolites, such as phytol and proline) might have contributed to avoiding photoinhibition. Thirty days after stress relief, the performance of olives from both treatments recovered similarly, in part due to the metabolites' adjustments that contributed to strengthened stress protection (an increase of long-chain alkanes) and provided energy (through the use of soluble sugars, mannitol, and myo-inositol) for re-establishment. Other metabolites, like anthocyanins and squalene, also have an important role in responding specifically to HS or UV-B recovery for helping in the oxidative damage control. These data contribute to understanding how young olive plants may deal with climatic episodes when being transferred from nurseries to field orchards, under the actual context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Urano K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants: From Cellular Responses to Long-Distance Intercellular Communication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556972. [PMID: 33013974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556972/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The drought stress responses of vascular plants are complex regulatory mechanisms because they include various physiological responses from signal perception under water deficit conditions to the acquisition of drought stress resistance at the whole-plant level. It is thought that plants first recognize water deficit conditions in roots and that several molecular signals then move from roots to shoots. Finally, a phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized mainly in leaves. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of stress sensors and the regulators that initiate ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress conditions are still unclear. Another important issue is how plants adjust ABA propagation, stress-mediated gene expression and metabolite composition to acquire drought stress resistance in different tissues throughout the whole plant. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on drought stress responses, focusing on long-distance signaling from roots to shoots, ABA synthesis and transport, and metabolic regulation in both cellular and whole-plant levels of Arabidopsis and crops. We also discuss coordinated mechanisms for acquiring drought stress adaptations and resistance via tissue-to-tissue communication and long-distance signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Yadav A, Singh D, Lingwan M, Yadukrishnan P, Masakapalli SK, Datta S. Light signaling and UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1270-1292. [PMID: 32237196 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light plays an important role in plants' growth and development throughout their life cycle. Plants alter their morphological features in response to light cues of varying intensity and quality. Dedicated photoreceptors help plants to perceive light signals of different wavelengths. Activated photoreceptors stimulate the downstream signaling cascades that lead to extensive gene expression changes responsible for physiological and developmental responses. Proteins such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) act as important factors which modulate light-regulated gene expression, especially during seedling development. These factors function as central regulatory intermediates not only in red, far-red, and blue light pathways but also in the UV-B signaling pathway. UV-B radiation makes up only a minor fraction of sunlight, yet it imparts many positive and negative effects on plant growth. Studies on UV-B perception, signaling, and response in plants has considerably surged in recent times. Plants have developed different strategies to use UV-B as a developmental cue as well as to withstand high doses of UV-B radiation. Plants' responses to UV-B are an integration of its cross-talks with both environmental factors and phytohormones. This review outlines the current developments in light signaling with a major focus on UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Maneesh Lingwan
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Premachandran Yadukrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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Kost MA, Perales H, Wijeratne S, Wijeratne AJ, Stockinger EJ, Mercer KL. Transcriptional differentiation of UV-B protectant genes in maize landraces spanning an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1949-1967. [PMID: 32908597 PMCID: PMC7463351 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, farmers cultivate and maintain crop landraces (i.e., traditional varieties). Landraces contain unique diversity shaped in part by natural and human-mediated selection and are an indispensable resource for farmers. Since environmental conditions change with elevation, crop landraces grown along elevational gradients have provided ideal locations to explore patterns of local adaptation. To further probe traits underlying this differentiation, transcriptome signatures can help provide a foundation for understanding the ways in which functional genetic diversity may be shaped by environment. In this study, we returned to an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico, to assess transcriptional differentiation of genes underlying UV-B protection in locally adapted maize landraces from multiple elevations. We collected and planted landraces from three elevational zones (lowland, approximately 600 m; midland, approximately 1,550 m; highland approximately 2,100 m) in a common garden at 1,531 m. Using RNA-seq data derived from leaf tissue, we performed differential expression analysis between maize from these distinct elevations. Highland and lowland landraces displayed differential expression in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes involved in the production of UV-B protectants and did so at a rate greater than expected based on observed background transcriptional differentiation across the genome. These findings provide evidence for the differentiation of suites of genes involved in complex ecologically relevant pathways. Thus, while neutral evolutionary processes may have played a role in the observed patterns of differentiation, UV-B may have also acted as a selective pressure to differentiate maize landraces in the region. Studies of the distribution of functional crop genetic diversity across variable landscapes can aid us in understanding the response of diversity to abiotic/biotic change and, ultimately, may facilitate its conservation and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kost
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Hugo Perales
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y AmbienteEl Colegio de la Frontera SurSan Cristóbal de Las CasasChiapasMexico
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging CenterOhio Agricultural Research and Development CenterThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Asela J. Wijeratne
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging CenterOhio Agricultural Research and Development CenterThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesArkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA
| | - Eric J. Stockinger
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
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Hayashi S, Watanabe M, Kobayashi M, Tohge T, Hashimoto T, Shoji T. Genetic Manipulation of Transcriptional Regulators Alters Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1041-1053. [PMID: 32191315 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxic alkaloid nicotine is produced in the roots of Nicotiana species and primarily accumulates in leaves as a specialized metabolite. A series of metabolic and transport genes involved in the nicotine pathway are coordinately upregulated by a pair of jasmonate-responsive AP2/ERF-family transcription factors, NtERF189 and NtERF199, in the roots of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). In this study, we explored the potential of manipulating the expression of these transcriptional regulators to alter nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. The transient overexpression of NtERF189 led to alkaloid production in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana alata. This ectopic production was further enhanced by co-overexpressing a gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix-family MYC2 transcription factor. Constitutive and leaf-specific overexpression of NtERF189 increased the accumulation of foliar alkaloids in transgenic tobacco plants but negatively affected plant growth. By contrast, in a knockout mutant of NtERF189 and NtERF199 obtained through CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, alkaloid levels were drastically reduced without causing major growth defects. Metabolite profiling revealed the impact of manipulating the nicotine pathway on a wide range of nitrogen- and carbon-containing metabolites. Our findings provide insights into the biotechnological applications of engineering metabolic pathways by targeting transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Hayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shoji
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
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