1
|
Küster L, Lücke R, Brabender C, Bethmann S, Jahns P. The Amount of Zeaxanthin Epoxidase But Not the Amount of Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase Is a Critical Determinant of Zeaxanthin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1220-1230. [PMID: 37556318 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of violaxanthin (Vx) de-epoxidase (VDE), photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) and zeaxanthin (Zx) epoxidase (ZEP) (VPZ) lines, which simultaneously overexpress VDE, PsbS and ZEP, has been successfully used to accelerate the kinetics of the induction and relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Here, we studied the impact of the overexpression of VDE and ZEP on the conversion of the xanthophyll cycle pigments in VPZ lines of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. The protein amount of both VDE and ZEP was determined to be increased to about 3- to 5-fold levels of wild-type (WT) plants for both species. Compared to WT plants, the conversion of Vx to Zx, and hence VDE activity, was only marginally accelerated in VPZ lines, whereas the conversion of Zx to Vx, and thus ZEP activity, was strongly increased in VPZ lines. This indicates that the amount of ZEP but not the amount of VDE is a critical determinant of the equilibrium of the de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments under saturating light conditions. Comparing the two steps of epoxidation, particularly the second step (antheraxanthin to Vx) was found to be accelerated in VPZ lines, implying that the intermediate Ax is released into the membrane during epoxidation by ZEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Küster
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Rebecca Lücke
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christin Brabender
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bethmann
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Q. The role of forkhead-associated (FHA)-domain proteins in plant biology. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:455-472. [PMID: 36849846 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain, a well-characterized small protein module that mediates protein-protein interactions by targeting motifs containing phosphothreonine, is present in many regulatory molecules like protein kinase, phosphatases, transcription factors, and other functional proteins. FHA-domain containing proteins in yeast and human are involved in a large variety of cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, or pre-mRNA processing. Since the first FHA-domain protein, kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP) was found in plants, the interest in plant FHA-containing proteins has increased dramatically, mainly due to the important role of FHA domain-containing proteins in plant growth and development. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of FHA domain-containing proteins in plants, and systematically summarized and analyzed the research progress of proteins containing the FHA domain in plants. We also emphasized that AT5G47790 and its homologs may play an important role as the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Wang
- Institute of Future Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tran NT, Jokic L, Keller J, Geier JU, Kaldenhoff R. Impacts of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa)-Evidence for RF-EMF Interference with Plant Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1082. [PMID: 36903942 PMCID: PMC10005510 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of wireless technology causes a significant exposure increase for all living organisms to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). This comprises bacteria, animals, and also plants. Unfortunately, our understanding of how RF-EMF influences plants and plant physiology remains inadequate. In this study, we examined the effects of RF-EMF radiation on lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa) in both indoor and outdoor environments using the frequency ranges of 1890-1900 MHz (DECT) at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz (Wi-Fi). Under greenhouse conditions, RF-EMF exposure had only a minor impact on fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and no effect on plant flowering time. In contrast, lettuce plants exposed to RF-EMF in the field showed a significant and systemic decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and accelerated flowering time compared to the control groups. Gene expression analysis revealed significant down-regulation of two stress-related genes in RF-EMF-exposed plants: violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). RF-EMF-exposed plants had lower Photosystem II's maximal photochemical quantum yield (FV/FM) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) than control plants under light stress conditions. In summary, our results imply that RF-EMF might interfere with plant stress responses and reduced plant stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Trung Tran
- Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Luca Jokic
- Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lima S, Lokesh J, Schulze PSC, Wijffels RH, Kiron V, Scargiali F, Petters S, Bernstein HC, Morales-Sánchez D. Flashing lights affect the photophysiology and expression of carotenoid and lipid synthesis genes in Nannochloropsis gaditana. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:171-181. [PMID: 36417987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis gaditana is a promising microalga for biotechnology. One of the strategies to stimulate its full potential in metabolite production is exposure to flashing lights. Here, we report how N. gaditana adapts to different flashing light regimes (5, 50, and 500 Hz) by changing its cellular physiology and the relative expression of genes related to critical cellular functions. We analyzed the differential mRNA abundance of genes related to photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation and biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids, lipids, fatty acids and starch. Analysis of photosynthetic efficiency and high mRNA abundance of photoprotection genes supported the inference that excess excitation energy provided by light absorbance during photosynthesis was produced under low frequency flashing lights and was dissipated by photopigments via the xanthophyll-cycle. Increased relative expression levels of genes related to the synthesis of carotenoids and chlorophyll confirmed the accumulation of photopigments previously observed at low frequency flashing lights. Higher differential mRNA abundance of genes related to the triacylglycerol biosynthesis were observed at lower frequency flashing lights, possibly triggered by a poor nitrogen assimilation caused by low mRNA abundance of a nitrate reductase gene. This study advances a new understanding of algal physiology and metabolism leading to improved cellular performance and metabolite production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lima
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; INRAE E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; GreenColab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rene H Wijffels
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Sebastian Petters
- The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans C Bernstein
- The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniela Morales-Sánchez
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lehretz GG, Schneider A, Leister D, Sonnewald U. High non-photochemical quenching of VPZ transgenic potato plants limits CO 2 assimilation under high light conditions and reduces tuber yield under fluctuating light. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1821-1832. [PMID: 35763422 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, photosynthesis has to be adjusted to fluctuating light intensities. Leaves exposed to high light dissipate excess light energy in form of heat at photosystem II (PSII) by a process called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Upon fast transition from light to shade, plants lose light energy by a relatively slow relaxation from photoprotection. Combined overexpression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), PSII subunit S (PsbS) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) in tobacco accelerates relaxation from photoprotection, and increases photosynthetic productivity. In Arabidopsis, expression of the same three genes (VPZ) resulted in a more rapid photoprotection but growth of the transgenic plants was impaired. Here we report on VPZ expressing potato plants grown under various light regimes. Similar to tobacco and Arabidopsis, induction and relaxation of NPQ was accelerated under all growth conditions tested, but did not cause an overall increased photosynthetic rate or growth of transgenic plants. Tuber yield of VPZ expressing plants was unaltered as compared to control plants under constant light conditions and even decreased under fluctuating light conditions. Under control conditions, levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were found to be elevated, indicating an increased violaxanthin availability in VPZ plants. However, the increased basal ABA levels did not improve drought tolerance of VPZ transgenic potato plants under greenhouse conditions. The failure to benefit from improved photoprotection is most likely caused by a reduced radiation use efficiency under high light conditions resulting from a too strong NPQ induction. Mitigating this negative effect in the future might help to improve photosynthetic performance in VPZ expressing potato plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter G Lehretz
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Lv S, Zhao Y, Chang C, Hong W, Jiang J. SlHSP17.7 Ameliorates Chilling Stress-Induced Damage by Regulating Phosphatidylglycerol Metabolism and Calcium Signal in Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1865. [PMID: 35890502 PMCID: PMC9324031 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are sensitive to chilling temperatures between 0 °C and 12 °C owing to their tropical origin. SlHSP17.7, a cytoplasmic heat shock protein, interacts with cation/calcium exchanger 1-like (SlCCX1-like) protein and promotes chilling tolerance in tomato fruits (Zhang, et al., Plant Sci., 2020, 298, 1-12). The overexpression of SlHSP17.7 can also promote cold tolerance in tomato plants, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we show that the overexpression of SlHSP17.7 in tomato plants enhances chilling tolerance with better activity of photosystem II (PSII). Metabolic analyses revealed that SlHSP17.7 improved membrane fluidity by raising the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Transcriptome analyses showed that SlHSP17.7 activated Ca2+ signaling and induced the expression of C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes, which in turn inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The gene coexpression network analysis showed that SlHSP17.7 is coexpressed with SlMED26b. SlMED26b silencing significantly lowered OE-HSP17.7 plants' chilling tolerance. Thus, SlHSP17.7 modulates tolerance to chilling via both membrane fluidity and Ca2+-mediated CBF pathway in tomato plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Shuwen Lv
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Yaran Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chenliang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Shenyang Institute of Technology, Shenyang 113122, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee SY, Jang SJ, Jeong HB, Lee SY, Venkatesh J, Lee JH, Kwon JK, Kang BC. A mutation in Zeaxanthin epoxidase contributes to orange coloration and alters carotenoid contents in pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1692-1707. [PMID: 33825226 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY1), capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CCS), and pseudo-response regulator 2 (PRR2) are three major genes controlling fruit color in pepper (Capsicum spp.). However, the diversity of fruit color in pepper cannot be completely explained by these three genes. Here, we used an F2 population derived from Capsicum annuum 'SNU-mini Orange' (SO) and C. annuum 'SNU-mini Yellow' (SY), both harboring functional PSY1 and mutated CCS, and observed that yellow color was dominant over orange color. We performed genotyping-by-sequencing and mapped the genetic locus to a 6.8-Mb region on chromosome 2, which we named CaOr. We discovered a splicing mutation in the zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) gene within this region leading to a premature stop codon. HPLC analysis showed that SO contained higher amounts of zeaxanthin and total carotenoids in mature fruits than SY. A color complementation assay using Escherichia coli harboring carotenoid biosynthetic genes showed that the mutant ZEP protein had reduced enzymatic activity. Transmission electron microscopy of plastids revealed that the ZEP mutation affected plastid development with more rod-shaped inner membrane structures in chromoplasts of mature SO fruits. To validate the role of ZEP in fruit color formation, we performed virus-induced gene silencing of ZEP in the yellow-fruit cultivar C. annuum 'Micropep Yellow' (MY). The silencing of ZEP caused significant changes in the ratios of zeaxanthin to its downstream products and increased total carotenoid contents. Thus, we conclude that the ZEP genotype can determine orange or yellow mature fruit color in pepper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - So-Jeong Jang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Bong Jeong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang C, Xie J, Lv J, Li J, Zhang J, Wang C, Liang G. Alleviating damage of photosystem and oxidative stress from chilling stress with exogenous zeaxanthin in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:395-409. [PMID: 33740679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a typical thermophilous vegetable, the growth and yield of peppers are easily limited by chilling conditions. Zeaxanthin, a crucial carotenoid, positively regulates plant abiotic stress responses. Therefore, this study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of zeaxanthin-induced chilling tolerance in peppers. The results indicated that the pretreatment with zeaxanthin effectively alleviated chilling damage in pepper leaves and increased the plant fresh weight and photosynthetic pigment content under chilling stress. Additionally, alterations in photosynthetic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves after zeaxanthin treatment highlighted the participation of zeaxanthin in improving the photosystem response to chilling stress by heightening the quenching of excess excitation energy and protection of the photosynthetic electron transport system. In chill-stressed plants, zeaxanthin treatment also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and transcript expression, and reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•-) content, resulting in a decrease in biological membrane damage. Additionally, exogenous zeaxanthin upregulated the expression levels of key genes encoding β-carotene hydroxylase (CaCA1, CaCA2), zeaxanthin epoxidase (CaZEP) and violaxanthin de-epoxidase (CaVDE), and promoted the synthesis of endogenous zeaxanthin during chilling stress. Collectively, exogenous zeaxanthin pretreatment enhances plant tolerance to chilling by improving the photosystem process, increasing oxidation resistance, and inducing alterations in endogenous zeaxanthin metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Guoping Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Comparative transcriptome analysis implied a ZEP paralog was a key gene involved in carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20607. [PMID: 33244002 PMCID: PMC7693279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars are unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptome profiles of a yellow-fleshed cultivar, Beniharuka (BH) and two of its spontaneous white-fleshed mutants (WH2 and WH3) to reveal the genes involved in yellow flesh. As a result of RNA sequencing, a total of 185 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly detected in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH. Of these genes, 85 DEGs and 100 DEGs were commonly upregulated and downregulated in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH, respectively. g1103.t1, a paralog of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), was only DEG common to WH2 and WH3 among 38 genes considered to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in storage roots. The expression level of g1103.t1 was also considerably lower in five white-fleshed cultivars than in five yellow-fleshed cultivars. Analysis of carotenoid composition in the storage roots showed that the epoxidised carotenoids were drastically reduced in both WH2 and WH3. Therefore, we propose that the ZEP paralog, g1103.t1, may be involved in carotenoid accumulation through the epoxidation of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in sweetpotato.
Collapse
|
10
|
Negi S, Perrine Z, Friedland N, Kumar A, Tokutsu R, Minagawa J, Berg H, Barry AN, Govindjee G, Sayre R. Light regulation of light-harvesting antenna size substantially enhances photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield in green algae †. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:584-603. [PMID: 32180283 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the major factors limiting biomass productivity in algae is the low thermodynamic efficiency of photosynthesis. The greatest thermodynamic inefficiencies in photosynthesis occur during the conversion of light into chemical energy. At full sunlight the light-harvesting antenna captures photons at a rate nearly 10 times faster than the rate-limiting step in photosynthetic electron transport. Excess captured energy is dissipated by non-productive pathways including the production of reactive oxygen species. Substantial improvements in photosynthetic efficiency have been achieved by reducing the optical cross-section of the light-harvesting antenna by selectively reducing chlorophyll b levels and peripheral light-harvesting complex subunits. Smaller light-harvesting antenna, however, may not exhibit optimal photosynthetic performance in low or fluctuating light environments. We describe a translational control system to dynamically adjust light-harvesting antenna sizes for enhanced photosynthetic performance. By expressing a chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) gene having a 5' mRNA extension encoding a Nab1 translational repressor binding site in a CAO knockout line it was possible to continuously alter chlorophyll b levels and correspondingly light-harvesting antenna sizes by light-activated Nab1 repression of CAO expression as a function of growth light intensity. Significantly, algae having light-regulated antenna sizes had substantially higher photosynthetic rates and two-fold greater biomass productivity than the parental wild-type strains as well as near wild-type ability to carry out state transitions and non-photochemical quenching. These results have broad implications for enhanced algae and plant biomass productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Negi
- New Mexico Consortium and Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Zoee Perrine
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Howard Berg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Amanda N Barry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Burchardt S, Przywieczerski T. Molecular and Hormonal Aspects of Drought-Triggered Flower Shedding in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3731. [PMID: 31370140 PMCID: PMC6695997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The drought is a crucial environmental factor that determines yielding of many crop species, e.g., Fabaceae, which are a source of valuable proteins for food and feed. Herein, we focused on the events accompanying drought-induced activation of flower abscission zone (AZ)-the structure responsible for flower detachment and, consequently, determining seed production in Lupinus luteus. Therefore, detection of molecular markers regulating this process is an excellent tool in the development of improved drought-resistant cultivars to minimize yield loss. We applied physiological, molecular, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and chromatography methods for a comprehensive examination of changes evoked by drought in the AZ cells. This factor led to significant cellular changes and activated AZ, which consequently increased the flower abortion rate. Simultaneously, drought caused an accumulation of mRNA of genes inflorescence deficient in abscission-like (LlIDL), receptor-like protein kinase HSL (LlHSL), and mitogen-activated protein kinase6 (LlMPK6), encoding succeeding elements of AZ activation pathway. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase activity, and localization significantly changed which confirmed the appearance of stressful conditions and indicated modifications in the redox balance. Loss of water enhanced transcriptional activity of the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis pathways, which was manifested by elevated expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase (LlZEP), aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (LlACS), and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (LlACO) genes. Accordingly, both ABA and ET precursors were highly abundant in AZ cells. Our study provides information about several new potential markers of early response on water loss, which can help to elucidate the mechanisms that control plant response to drought, and gives a useful basis for breeders and agronomists to enhance tolerance of crops against the stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Burchardt
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przywieczerski
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Li Z, Tu Y, Cheng W, Yang Y. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlIPT4, encoding an isopentenyltransferase, is involved in leaf senescence and lycopene biosynthesis during fruit ripening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:107. [PMID: 29866038 PMCID: PMC5987576 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene is an important carotenoid pigment in red fruits and vegetables, especially in tomato. Although lycopene biosynthesis and catabolism have been found to be regulated by multiple factors including phytohormones, little is known about their regulatory mechanism. Cytokinins are crucial to various aspects of plant growth. Isopentenyltransferases (IPTs) catalyze the initial rate-limiting step of cytokinins biosynthesis, however, their roles in fruit ripening remain unclear. RESULTS Here, the functions of SlIPT4, encoding an isopentenyltransferase, were characterized via RNAi-mediated gene silencing in tomato. As we expected, silencing of SlIPT4 expression resulted in accelerated leaf senescence. However, down-expression of SlIPT4 generated never-red orange fruits, corresponding with a dramatic reduction of lycopene. Among lycopene biosynthesis-related genes, the fact of remarkable decrease of ZISO transcript and upregulation of other genes, revealed that SlIPT4 regulates positively lycopene biosynthesis via directly affecting ZISO expression, and also supported the existence of regulatory loops in lycopene biosynthesis pathway. Meanwhile, the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) was reduced and the transcripts PSY1 were increased in SlIPT4-RNAi fruits, supporting the feedback regulation between ABA and lycopene biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The study revealed the crucial roles of SlIPT4 in leaf senescence and the regulatory network of lycopene biosynthesis in tomato, providing a new light on the lycopene biosynthesis and fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Yun Tu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Yingwu Yang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Zhuang K, Zhang S, Yang M, Kong F, Meng Q. Overexpression of a tomato carotenoid ε-hydroxylase gene (SlLUT1) improved the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:103-112. [PMID: 29425813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a considerable environmental factor that restrains photosynthesis. Lutein, the most prolific carotenoid in plant photosynthetic tissues, plays vital roles in the light-harvesting complexes. However, its biological functions under abiotic stresses remain unclear. In our research, transgenic tobacco plants were utilized to investigate the function of the tomato chloroplast-targeted carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylase (SlLUT1) in drought stress tolerance. The analysis of SlLUT1-pro-LUC and qRT-PCR showed that drought stress induced SlLUT1 expression. Transgenic tobacco plants exhibit higher lutein content than wild-type (WT) tobacco. Under drought stress, transgenic plants overexpressing SlLUT1 showed better growth performance, higher chlorophyll and relative water contents and more intact chloroplast and PSII supercomplex structures than WT tobacco. The Fv/Fm, Pn, NPQ, and content of D1 protein in transgenic plants were higher than those in WT plants under drought stress. The accumulation of H2O2 and O2- decreased in transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, transgenic plants exhibited lower MDA accumulation and REL. These results indicate that overexpression of SlLUT1 enhances tolerance to drought stress by maintaining photosynthesis and scavenging ROS in transgenic tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiju Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Kunyang Zhuang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Minmin Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Fanying Kong
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lou Y, Sun H, Li L, Zhao H, Gao Z. Characterization and Primary Functional Analysis of a Bamboo ZEP Gene from Phyllostachys edulis. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:747-758. [PMID: 28686465 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) plays important roles in plant response to various environmental stresses by involving in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and xanthophyll cycle. A full-length cDNA of PeZEP was isolated from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which comprised of a 138-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 381-bp 3'-UTR, and a 2013-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 670 amino acids. PeZEP was mainly expressed in leaf blades and leaf sheaths, and less in roots and culms. The transcript level of PeZEP in bamboo leaf was elevated with the increasing light intensity. PeZEP was significantly upregulated in response to high light (HL: 1200 μmol·m-2·s-1) and reached to a higher level after 1 h treatment, and kept higher levels in the following hours. Besides, PeZEP was upregulated under high temperature (42°C), and downregulated under low temperature (4°C) and exogenous ABA treatment. The expression vector of PeZEP driven by CaMV 35S was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants overexpressing PeZEP were generated and subjected to drought stress for morphological and physiological assays. Compared with Col-0, the transgenic plants demonstrated enhanced tolerance to drought stress, which appeared later wilting and higher survival rate. Moreover, higher value of Fv/Fm, higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and lower concentration of malondialdehyde were also observed in transgenic plants. Transcript levels of AtP5CS and AtRD29b related to drought stress were enhanced in transgenic plants. These results indicated that PeZEP might play an important function in response to drought stress in bamboo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Lou
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- 2 Jiangxi Academy of Forestry , Nanchang, China
| | - Huayu Sun
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Li
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Hansheng Zhao
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Yao D, Hu W, Duan H. Molecular cloning and characterization of ClZE, a zeaxanthin epoxidase gene in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1275803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Liu
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
| | - Daxuan Yao
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kromdijk J, Głowacka K, Leonelli L, Gabilly ST, Iwai M, Niyogi KK, Long SP. Improving photosynthesis and crop productivity by accelerating recovery from photoprotection. Science 2016; 354:857-861. [PMID: 27856901 DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Crop leaves in full sunlight dissipate damaging excess absorbed light energy as heat. When sunlit leaves are shaded by clouds or other leaves, this protective dissipation continues for many minutes and reduces photosynthesis. Calculations have shown that this could cost field crops up to 20% of their potential yield. Here, we describe the bioengineering of an accelerated response to natural shading events in Nicotiana (tobacco), resulting in increased leaf carbon dioxide uptake and plant dry matter productivity by about 15% in fluctuating light. Because the photoprotective mechanism that has been altered is common to all flowering plants and crops, the findings provide proof of concept for a route to obtaining a sustainable increase in productivity for food crops and a much-needed yield jump.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Bioengineering
- Carbon Dioxide/metabolism
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/growth & development
- Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
- Crops, Agricultural/radiation effects
- Darkness
- Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/genetics
- Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/metabolism
- Magnoliopsida/genetics
- Magnoliopsida/growth & development
- Magnoliopsida/metabolism
- Magnoliopsida/radiation effects
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Photosynthesis
- Photosystem II Protein Complex/genetics
- Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism
- Plant Leaves/growth & development
- Plant Leaves/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/radiation effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sunlight
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/growth & development
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Nicotiana/radiation effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kromdijk
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ulica Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lauriebeth Leonelli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Stéphane T Gabilly
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 1YX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Z, Wang Y, Chang L, Zhang T, An J, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhao X, Sha X, Hu T, Yang P. MsZEP, a novel zeaxanthin epoxidase gene from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), confers drought and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:439-53. [PMID: 26573680 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The zeaxanthin epoxidase gene ( MsZEP ) was cloned and characterized from alfalfa and validated for its function of tolerance toward drought and salt stresses by heterologous expression in Nicotiana tabacum. Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) plays important roles in plant response to various environment stresses due to its functions in ABA biosynthetic and the xanthophyll cycle. To understand the expression characteristics and the biological functions of ZEP in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a novel gene, designated as MsZEP (KM044311), was cloned, characterized and overexpressed in Nicotiana tabacum. The open reading frame of MsZEP contains 1992 bp nucleotides and encodes a 663-amino acid polypeptide. Amino acid sequence alignment indicated that deduced MsZEP protein was highly homologous to other plant ZEP sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MsZEP was grouped into a branch with other legume plants. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that MsZEP gene expression was clearly tissue-specific, and the expression levels were higher in green tissues (leaves and stems) than in roots. MsZEP expression decreased in shoots under drought, cold, heat and ABA treatment, while the expression levels in roots showed different trends. Besides, the results showed that nodules could up-regulate the MsZEP expression under non-stressful conditions and in the earlier stage of different abiotic stress. Heterologous expression of the MsZEP gene in N. tabacum could confer tolerance to drought and salt stress by affecting various physiological pathways, ABA levels and stress-responsive genes expression. Taken together, these results suggested that the MsZEP gene may be involved in alfalfa responses to different abiotic stresses and nodules, and could enhance drought and salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco by heterologous expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leqin Chang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuman Cao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuyang Sha
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peizhi Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang S, Meng DY, Hou LL, Li Y, Guo F, Meng JJ, Wan SB, Li XG. Peanut violaxanthin de-epoxidase alleviates the sensitivity of PSII photoinhibition to heat and high irradiance stress in transgenic tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1417-28. [PMID: 25916178 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This is the first study on peanut VDE, which led to multiple biochemical and physiological changes to heat and HI stress by improving de-epoxidation of the xanthophylls cycle. A peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene (AhVDE) was isolated by RT-PCR and RACE methods. The deduced amino acid sequence of AhVDE showed high identities with violaxanthin de-epoxidase of other plant species. The expression of AhVDE was obviously upregulated by 4, 40 °C and high light, NaCl, and abscisic acid. Sense and RNAi transgenic tobaccos were further used to investigate the physiological effects and functional mechanism of AhVDE. Compared with WT, the content of Z, the ratio of (A + Z)/(V + A + Z) and the non-photochemical quenching were higher in sense plants, and lower in the RNAi lines under heat and high irradiance (HI) stress, respectively. Additionally, photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) reflected by the maximal photochemical efficiency in WT lines was more severe, and in the RNAi lines was the most severe compared with that in the sense lines. Meanwhile, overexpressing AhVDE also led to multiple biochemical and physiological changes under heat and HI stress. Higher activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, lower content of reactive oxygen species and slighter membrane damage were observed in sense lines after heat and HI stress. These results suggested that, peanut VDE can alleviate PSII photoinhibition to heat and HI stress by improving the xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schwarz N, Armbruster U, Iven T, Brückle L, Melzer M, Feussner I, Jahns P. Tissue-specific accumulation and regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Arabidopsis reflect the multiple functions of the enzyme in plastids. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:346-57. [PMID: 25416291 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) catalyzes the conversion of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin, a key reaction for ABA biosynthesis and the xanthophyll cycle. Both processes are important for acclimation to environmental stress conditions, in particular drought (ABA biosynthesis) and light (xanthophyll cycle) stress. Hence, both ZEP functions may require differential regulation to optimize plant fitness. The key to understanding the function of ZEP in both stress responses might lie in its spatial and temporal distribution in plant tissues. Therefore, we analyzed the distribution of ZEP in plant tissues and plastids under drought and light stress by use of a ZEP-specific antibody. In addition, we determined the pigment composition of the plant tissues and chloroplast membrane subcompartments in response to these stresses. The ZEP protein was detected in all plant tissues (except flowers) concomitant with xanthophylls. The highest levels of ZEP were present in leaf chloroplasts and root plastids. Within chloroplasts, ZEP was localized predominantly in the thylakoid membrane and stroma, while only a small fraction was bound by the envelope membrane. Light stress affected neither the accumulation nor the relative distribution of ZEP in chloroplasts, while drought stress led to an increase of ZEP in roots and to a degradation of ZEP in leaves. However, drought stress-induced increases in ABA were similar in both tissues. These data support a tissue- and stress-specific accumulation of the ZEP protein in accordance with its different functions in ABA biosynthesis and the xanthophyll cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schwarz
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tim Iven
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Brückle
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang D, Gao Z, Du P, Xiao W, Tan Q, Chen X, Li L, Gao D. Expression of ABA Metabolism-Related Genes Suggests Similarities and Differences Between Seed Dormancy and Bud Dormancy of Peach (Prunus persica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1248. [PMID: 26793222 PMCID: PMC4707674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy inhibits seed and bud growth of perennial plants until the environmental conditions are optimal for survival. Previous studies indicated that certain co-regulation pathways exist in seed and bud dormancy. In our study, we found that seed and bud dormancy are similar to some extent but show different reactions to chemical treatments that induce breaking of dormancy. Whether the abscisic acid (ABA) regulatory networks are similar in dormant peach seeds and buds is not well known; however, ABA is generally believed to play a critical role in seed and bud dormancy. In peach, some genes putatively involved in ABA synthesis and catabolism were identified and their expression patterns were studied to learn more about ABA homeostasis and the possible crosstalk between bud dormancy and seed dormancy mechanisms. The analysis demonstrated that two 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase-encoding genes seem to be key in regulating ABA biosynthesis to induce seed and bud dormancy. Three CYP707As play an overlapping role in controlling ABA inactivation, resulting in dormancy-release. In addition, Transcript analysis of ABA metabolism-related genes was much similar demonstrated that ABA pathways was similar in the regulation of vegetative and flower bud dormancy, whereas, expression patterns of ABA metabolism-related genes were different in seed dormancy showed that ABA pathway maybe different in regulating seed dormancy in peach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Peiyong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
- Dongsheng Gao
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gadkar VJ, Filion M. A linear concatenation strategy to construct 5'-enriched amplified cDNA libraries using multiple displacement amplification. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:541-50. [PMID: 22941734 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In various experimental systems, limiting available amounts of RNA may prevent a researcher from performing large-scale analyses of gene transcripts. One way to circumvent this is to 'pre-amplify' the starting RNA/cDNA, so that sufficient amounts are available for any downstream analysis. In the present study, we report the development of a novel protocol for constructing amplified cDNA libraries using the Phi29 DNA polymerase based multiple displacement amplification (MDA) system. Using as little as 200 ng of total RNA, we developed a linear concatenation strategy to make the single-stranded cDNA template amenable for MDA. The concatenation, made possible by the template switching property of the reverse transcriptase enzyme, resulted in the amplified cDNA library with intact 5' ends. MDA generated micrograms of template, allowing large-scale polymerase chain reaction analyses or other large-scale downstream applications. As the amplified cDNA library contains intact 5' ends, it is also compatible with 5' RACE analyses of specific gene transcripts. Empirical validation of this protocol is demonstrated on a highly characterized (tomato) and an uncharacterized (corn gromwell) experimental system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay J Gadkar
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou B, Deng YS, Kong FY, Li B, Meng QW. Overexpression of a tomato carotenoid ε-hydroxylase gene alleviates sensitivity to chilling stress in transgenic tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:235-45. [PMID: 23796723 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chilling is one of the most serious environmental stresses that disrupt the metabolic balance of cells and enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lutein plays important roles in dissipating excess excitation energy and eliminating ROS to maintain the normal physiological function of cells. A tomato carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylase gene (LeLUT1) was isolated, and the LeLUT1-GFP fusion protein was localized in the chloroplast of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplast. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of LeLUT1 was the highest in the leaves and was down-regulated by various abiotic stresses in tomato. The transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing LeLUT1 had higher lutein content, which was decreased in cold condition. Under chilling stress, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) values were higher in the transgenic plants than in the wild type (WT) plants. Compared with the WT plants, the transgenic plants showed lower levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2(·-)), relative electrical conductivity, and malondialdehyde content (MDA), and relatively higher values of maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), oxidizable P700 of PSI, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn). Therefore, the transgenic seedlings were less suppressed in growth and lost less cotyledon chlorophyll than the WT seedlings. These results suggested that the overexpression of LeLUT1 had a key function in alleviating photoinhibition and photooxidation, and decreased the sensitivity of photosynthesis to chilling stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Colleges of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang S, Wang F, Guo F, Meng JJ, Li XG, Dong ST, Wan SB. Exogenous calcium alleviates photoinhibition of PSII by improving the xanthophyll cycle in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves during heat stress under high irradiance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71214. [PMID: 23940721 PMCID: PMC3737129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut is one of the calciphilous plants. Calcium (Ca) serves as a ubiquitous central hub in a large number of signaling pathways. The effect of exogenous calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (6 mM) on the dissipation of excess excitation energy in the photosystem II (PSII) antenna, especially on the level of D1 protein and the xanthophyll cycle in peanut plants under heat (40°C) and high irradiance (HI) (1 200 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) stress were investigated. Compared with the control plants [cultivated in 0 mM Ca(NO3)2 medium], the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in Ca(2+)-treated plants showed a slighter decrease after 5 h of stress, accompanied by higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), higher expression of antioxidative genes and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Meanwhile, higher content of D1 protein and higher ratio of (A+Z)/(V+A+Z) were also detected in Ca(2+)-treated plants under such stress. These results showed that Ca(2+) could help protect the peanut photosynthetic system from severe photoinhibition under heat and HI stress by accelerating the repair of D1 protein and improving the de-epoxidation ratio of the xanthophyll cycle. Furthermore, EGTA (a chelant of Ca ion), LaCl3 (a blocker of Ca(2+) channel in cytoplasmic membrane), and CPZ [a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist] were used to analyze the effects of Ca(2+)/CaM on the variation of (A+Z)/(V+A+Z) (%) and the expression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). The results indicated that CaM, an important component of the Ca(2+) signal transduction pathway, mediated the expression of the VDE gene in the presence of Ca to improve the xanthophyll cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- High-Tech Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Ji’nan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- High-Tech Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Feng Guo
- High-Tech Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Ji’nan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Meng
- High-Tech Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xin-Guo Li
- High-Tech Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Ji’nan, China
| | - Shu-Ting Dong
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shu-Bo Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Ji’nan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang QY, Wang LY, Kong FY, Deng YS, Li B, Meng QW. Constitutive accumulation of zeaxanthin in tomato alleviates salt stress-induced photoinhibition and photooxidation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 146:363-73. [PMID: 22578286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin (Z) has a role in the dissipation of excess excitation energy by participating in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and is essential in protecting the chloroplast from photooxidative damage. To investigate the physiological effects and functional mechanism of constitutive accumulation of Z in the tomato at salt stress-induced photoinhibition and photooxidation, antisense-mediated suppression of zeaxanthin epoxidase transgenic plants and the wild-type (WT) tomato were used. The ratio of Z/(V + A + Z) and (Z + 0.5A)/(V + A + Z) in antisense transgenic plants were maintained at a higher level than in WT plants under salt stress, but the value of NPQ in WT and transgenic plants was not significantly different under salt stress. However, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in transgenic plants decreased more slowly under salt stress. Furthermore, transgenic plants showed lower level of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide anion radical (O(2)(•-)) and ion leakage, lower malondialdehyde content. Compared with WT, the content of D1 protein decreased slightly in transgenic plants under salt stress. Our results suggested that the constitutive accumulation of Z in transgenic tomatoes can alleviate salt stress-induced photoinhibition because of the antioxidant role of Z in the scavenging quenching of singlet oxygen and/or free radicals in the lipid phase of the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Efficient heterologous transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii npq2 mutant with the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene isolated and characterized from Chlorella zofingiensis. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:1955-1976. [PMID: 23118714 PMCID: PMC3475266 DOI: 10.3390/md10091955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the violaxanthin cycle, the violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase catalyze the inter-conversion between violaxanthin and zeaxanthin in both plants and green algae. The zeaxanthin epoxidase gene from the green microalga Chlorella zofingiensis (Czzep) has been isolated. This gene encodes a polypeptide of 596 amino acids. A single copy of Czzep has been found in the C. zofingiensis genome by Southern blot analysis. qPCR analysis has shown that transcript levels of Czzep were increased after zeaxanthin formation under high light conditions. The functionality of Czzep gene by heterologous genetic complementation in the Chlamydomonas mutant npq2, which lacks zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) activity and accumulates zeaxanthin in all conditions, was analyzed. The Czzep gene was adequately inserted in the pSI105 vector and expressed in npq2. The positive transformants were able to efficiently convert zeaxanthin into violaxanthin, as well as to restore their maximum quantum efficiency of the PSII (Fv/Fm). These results show that Chlamydomonas can be an efficient tool for heterologous expression and metabolic engineering for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Z, Cheng J, Chen Z, Huang J, Bao Y, Wang J, Zhang H. Identification of QTLs with main, epistatic and QTL × environment interaction effects for salt tolerance in rice seedlings under different salinity conditions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 255:6. [PMID: 22678666 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling stage is one of the major determinants of its stable establishment in saline soil. One population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F (2:9)) derived from a cross between the salt-tolerant variety Jiucaiqing and the salt-sensitive variety IR26 was used to determine the genetic mechanism of four salt tolerance indices, seedling height (SH), dry shoot weight (DSW), dry root weight (DRW) and Na/K ratios (Na/K) in roots after 10 days in three salt concentrations (0.0, 0.5 and 0.7 % NaCl). The main effect QTLs (M-QTLs) and epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) were detected by QTL IciMapping program using single environment phenotypic values. Eleven M-QTLs and 11 E-QTLs were identified for the salt tolerance indices. There were six M-QTLs and two E-QTLs identified for SH, three M-QTLs and five E-QTLs identified for DSW, two M-QTLs and one E-QTL identified for DRW, and three E-QTLs identified for Na/K. The phenotypic variation explained by each M-QTL and E-QTL ranged from 7.8 to 23.9 % and 13.3 to 73.7 %, respectively. The QTL-by-environment interactions were detected by QTLNetwork program in the joint analyses of multi-environment phenotypic values. Six M-QTLs and five E-QTLs were identified. The phenotypic variation explained by each QTL and QTL × environment interaction ranged from 0.95 to 6.90 % and 0.02 to 0.50 %, respectively. By comparing chromosomal positions of these M-QTLs with those previously identified, five M-QTLs qSH1.3, qSH12.1, qSH12.2, qDSW12.1 and qDRW11 might represent novel salt tolerance genes. Five selected RILs with high salt tolerance had six to eight positive alleles of the M-QTLs, indicating that pyramiding by marker-assisted selection (MAS) of M-QTLs can be applied in rice salt tolerance breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Identification of biotic and abiotic stress up-regulated ESTs in Gossypium arboreum. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1011-8. [PMID: 21556756 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) shows great potential against biotic and abiotic stresses. The stress resistant nature makes it a best source for the identification of biotic and abiotic stress resistant genes. As in many plants same set of genes show responding behavior against the various abiotic and biotic stresses. Thus in the present study the ESTs from the G. arboreum drought stressed leaves were subjected to find the up-regulated ESTs in abiotic and biotic stresses through homology and in-silico analysis. A cDNA library has been constructed from the drought stressed G. arboreum plant. 778 clones were randomly picked and sequenced. All these sequences were subjected to in-silico identification of biotic and abiotic up-regulated ESTs. Total 39 abiotic and biotic up-regulated ESTs were identified. The results were further validated by real-time PCR; by randomly selection of ten ESTs. These findings will help to develop stress resistant crop varieties for better yield and growth performance under stresses.
Collapse
|
28
|
Esteban R, Olano JM, Castresana J, Fernández-Marín B, Hernández A, Becerril JM, García-Plazaola JI. Distribution and evolutionary trends of photoprotective isoprenoids (xanthophylls and tocopherols) within the plant kingdom. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 135:379-89. [PMID: 19210752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The earliest land photosynthesis would have increased the risk of photo-oxidations and the demand of anti-oxidative protection. In this work, we aimed to determine the evolutionary trends in photoprotection across a wide representation of the plant kingdom and to verify whether the non-ubiquitous lutein-epoxide (Lx) cycle is a polyphyletic or an ancient character. Carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) were analysed by HPLC in 266 species. Phylogenetic analyses of the presence of photoprotective compounds and zeaxanthin-epoxidase (ZE) sequences were performed. Violaxanthin-cycle pigments (VAZ) and alpha-toc were taxonomically ubiquitous. Ancient groups showed higher contents of VAZ than vascular plants, while alpha-toc showed the opposite pattern. Lutein-epoxide was present in 45% of the species. It showed a remarkable variation across groups but with a clear increasing trend from algae to basal angiosperms. Lutein-epoxide was also related to woody trait and leaf longevity. No correlation between the presence of Lx and recurrent mutations in ZE sequences, including the duplications, was found. Thus, there is an evolutionary trend to increase the content of alpha-toc and to decrease the total amount of VAZ pigments. Absence of Lx in algae discards an ancestral origin. Present results are also inconsistent with a polyphyletic origin of Lx in angiosperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jahns P, Latowski D, Strzalka K. Mechanism and regulation of the violaxanthin cycle: the role of antenna proteins and membrane lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1787:3-14. [PMID: 18976630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The violaxanthin cycle describes the reversible conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin via the intermediate antheraxanthin. This light-dependent xanthophyll conversion is essential for the adaptation of plants and algae to different light conditions and allows a reversible switch of photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes between a light-harvesting state under low light and a dissipative state under high light. The photoprotective functions of zeaxanthin have been intensively studied during the last decade, but much less attention has been directed to the mechanism and regulation of xanthophyll conversion. In this review, an overview is given on recent progress in the understanding of the role of (i) xanthophyll binding by antenna proteins and of (ii) the lipid properties of the thylakoid membrane in the regulation of xanthophyll conversion. The consequences of these findings for the mechanism and regulation of xanthophyll conversion in the thylakoid membrane will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|