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Paschoal D, Costa JL, da Silva EM, da Silva FB, Capelin D, Ometto V, Aricetti JA, Carvalho GG, Pimpinato RF, de Oliveira RF, Carrera E, López-Díaz I, Rossi ML, Tornisielo V, Caldana C, Riano-Pachon DM, Cesarino I, Teixeira PJPL, Figueira A. Infection by Moniliophthora perniciosa reprograms tomato Micro-Tom physiology, establishes a sink, and increases secondary cell wall synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3651-3670. [PMID: 35176760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Witches' broom disease of cacao is caused by the pathogenic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. By using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) as a model system, we investigated the physiological and metabolic consequences of M. perniciosa infection to determine whether symptoms result from sink establishment during infection. Infection of MT by M. perniciosa caused reductions in root biomass and fruit yield, a decrease in leaf gas exchange, and down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes. The total leaf area and water potential decreased, while ABA levels, water conductance/conductivity, and ABA-related gene expression increased. Genes related to sugar metabolism and those involved in secondary cell wall deposition were up-regulated upon infection, and the concentrations of sugars, fumarate, and amino acids increased. 14C-glucose was mobilized towards infected MT stems, but not in inoculated stems of the MT line overexpressing CYTOKININ OXIDASE-2 (35S::AtCKX2), suggesting a role for cytokinin in establishing a sugar sink. The up-regulation of genes involved in cell wall deposition and phenylpropanoid metabolism in infected MT, but not in 35S::AtCKX2 plants, suggests establishment of a cytokinin-mediated sink that promotes tissue overgrowth with an increase in lignin. Possibly, M. perniciosa could benefit from the accumulation of secondary cell walls during its saprotrophic phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Paschoal
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Costa
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Eder M da Silva
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Fábia B da Silva
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo Capelin
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor Ometto
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Aricetti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorrenováveis, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Carvalho
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Pimpinato
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F de Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Esther Carrera
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mônica L Rossi
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Tornisielo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Diego M Riano-Pachon
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Paulo J P L Teixeira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
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Griebel A, Peters JMR, Metzen D, Maier C, Barton CVM, Speckman HN, Boer MM, Nolan RH, Choat B, Pendall E. Tapping into the physiological responses to mistletoe infection during heat and drought stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:523-536. [PMID: 34612494 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mistletoes are important co-contributors to tree mortality globally, particularly during droughts. In Australia, mistletoe distributions are expanding in temperate woodlands, while their hosts have experienced unprecedented heat and drought stress in recent years. We investigated whether the excessive water use of mistletoes increased the probability of xylem emboli in a mature woodland during the recent record drought that was compounded by multiple heatwaves. We continuously recorded transpiration ($T_{SLA}$) of infected and uninfected branches from two eucalypt species over two summers, monitored stem and leaf water potentials ($\Psi $) and used hydraulic vulnerability curves to estimate percent loss in conductivity (PLC) for each species. Variations in weather (vapor pressure deficit, photosynthetically active radiation, soil water content), host species and % mistletoe foliage explained 78% of hourly $T_{SLA}$. While mistletoe acted as an uncontrollable sink for water in the host even during typical summer days, daily $T_{SLA}$ increased up to 4-fold in infected branches on hot days, highlighting the previously overlooked importance of temperature stress in amplifying water loss in mistletoes. The increased water use of mistletoes resulted in significantly decreased host $\Psi _{\rm{leaf}}$ and $\Psi _{\rm{trunk}}$. It further translated to an estimated increase of up to 11% PLC for infected hosts, confirming greater hydraulic dysfunction of infected trees that place them at higher risk of hydraulic failure. However, uninfected branches of Eucalyptus fibrosa F.Muell. had much tighter controls on water loss than uninfected branches of Eucalyptus moluccana Roxb., which shifted the risk of hydraulic failure towards an increased risk of carbon starvation for E. fibrosa. The contrasting mechanistic responses to heat and drought stress between both co-occurring species demonstrates the complexity of host-parasite interactions and highlights the challenge in predicting species-specific responses to biotic agents in a warmer and drier climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Griebel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Jennifer M R Peters
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Daniel Metzen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Chelsea Maier
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Heather N Speckman
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. Univ. Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Rachael H Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
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Kar, S., Devnath, P.. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of urinary catheter associated bacteria from hospitalized patients, Bangladesh. MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2016-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Costa JL, Paschoal D, da Silva EM, Silva JS, do Carmo RM, Carrera E, López-Díaz I, Rossi ML, Freschi L, Mieczkowski P, Peres LEP, Teixeira PJPL, Figueira A. Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cacao, interferes with cytokinin metabolism during infection of Micro-Tom tomato and promotes symptom development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:365-381. [PMID: 33826751 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moniliophthora perniciosa causes witches' broom disease of cacao and inflicts symptoms suggestive of hormonal imbalance. We investigated whether infection of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) model system Micro-Tom (MT) by the Solanaceae (S)-biotype of Moniliophthora perniciosa, which causes stem swelling and hypertrophic growth of axillary shoots, results from changes in host cytokinin metabolism. Inoculation of an MT-transgenic line that overexpresses the Arabidopsis CYTOKININ OXIDASE-2 gene (35S::AtCKX2) resulted in a reduction in disease incidence and stem diameter. RNA-sequencing analysis of infected MT and 35S::AtCKX2 revealed the activation of cytokinin-responsive marker genes when symptoms were conspicuous. The expression of an Moniliophthora perniciosa tRNA-ISOPENTENYL-TRANSFERASE suggests the production of isopentenyladenine (iP), detected in mycelia grown in vitro. Inoculated MT stems showed higher levels of dihydrozeatin and trans-zeatin but not iP. The application of benzyladenine induced symptoms similar to infection, whereas applying the cytokinin receptor inhibitors LGR-991 and PI55 decreased symptoms. Moniliophthora perniciosa produces iP that might contribute to cytokinin synthesis by the host, which results in vascular and cortex enlargement, axillary shoot outgrowth, reduction in root biomass and an increase in fruit locule number. This strategy may be associated with the manipulation of sink establishment to favour infection by the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L Costa
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Daniele Paschoal
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Eder M da Silva
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Jamille S Silva
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael M do Carmo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Mônica L Rossi
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Matão 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Piotr Mieczkowski
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
| | - Lazaro E P Peres
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo J P L Teixeira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
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Griebel A, Metzen D, Pendall E, Nolan RH, Clarke H, Renchon AA, Boer MM. Recovery from Severe Mistletoe Infection After Heat- and Drought-Induced Mistletoe Death. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Koenig WD, Knops JMH, Carmen WJ, Pesendorfer MB, Dickinson JL. Effects of mistletoe ( Phoradendron villosum) on California oaks. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2018.0240. [PMID: 29925562 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mistletoes are a widespread group of plants often considered to be hemiparasitic, having detrimental effects on growth and survival of their hosts. We studied the effects of the Pacific mistletoe, Phoradendron villosum, a member of a largely autotrophic genus, on three species of deciduous California oaks. We found no effects of mistletoe presence on radial growth or survivorship and detected a significant positive relationship between mistletoe and acorn production. This latter result is potentially explained by the tendency of P. villosum to be present on larger trees growing in nitrogen-rich soils or, alternatively, by a preference for healthy, acorn-producing trees by birds that potentially disperse mistletoe. Our results indicate that the negative consequences of Phoradendron presence on their hosts are negligible-this species resembles an epiphyte more than a parasite-and outweighed by the important ecosystem services mistletoe provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter D Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA .,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - William J Carmen
- Carmen Ecological Consulting, 145 Eldridge Avenue, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA
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Hu B, Sakakibara H, Takebayashi Y, Peters FS, Schumacher J, Eiblmeier M, Arab L, Kreuzwieser J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Mistletoe infestation mediates alteration of the phytohormone profile and anti-oxidative metabolism in bark and wood of its host Pinus sylvestris. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:676-691. [PMID: 28338758 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) has largely infested Central European forests and causes high mortality probability particularly in dry years. However, little information is available about the consequences of mistletoe infestation for metabolic processes in bark and wood of its host, despite their important roles in infestation defense. We analyzed the tissue hydration, carbohydrate composition, phytohormone profile, reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant levels in bark and wood of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), as dependent on mistletoe infestation. As a consequence of mistletoe infestation, host bark and wood showed impaired hydration and reduced total carbon content. In the bark, soluble sugar and lignin contents increased, apparently at the expense of holo-cellulose. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation was accompanied by increased glutathione and decreased reduced ascorbic acid levels. Mistletoe infestation mediated alteration of the phytohormone profile in bark and wood of its host. Cytokinins, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels increased in both tissues, whereas salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which were only detected in the bark, declined. The present results show that mistletoe infestation affects both the host's anti-oxidative defense system and the phytohormone profile after establishment of the xylem tapping haustorium. The significance of these processes for the development of the woody mistletoe stem and the haustorium is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, China
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, 230-0045 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, 230-0045 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Franziska S Peters
- Department of Forest Protection, FVA Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA-BW), Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schumacher
- Department of Forest Protection, FVA Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA-BW), Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leila Arab
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yan CF, Gessler A, Rigling A, Dobbertin M, Han XG, Li MH. Effects of mistletoe removal on growth, N and C reserves, and carbon and oxygen isotope composition in Scots pine hosts. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:562-75. [PMID: 27083524 PMCID: PMC4886294 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Most mistletoes are xylem-tapping hemiparasites, which derive their resources from the host's xylem solution. Thus, they affect the host's water relations and resource balance. To understand the physiological mechanisms underlying the mistletoe-host relationship, we experimentally removed Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollmann from adult Pinus sylvestris L. host trees growing in a Swiss dry valley. We analyzed the effects of mistletoe removal over time on host tree growth and on concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and nitrogen (N) in needles, fine roots and sapwood. In addition, we assessed the δ(13)C and δ(18)O in host tree rings. After mistletoe removal, δ(13)C did not change in newly produced tree rings compared with tree rings in control trees (still infected with mistletoe), but δ(18)O values increased. This pattern might be interpreted as a decrease in assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs), but in our study, it most likely points to an inadequacy of the dual isotope approach. Instead, we interpret the unchanged δ(13)C in tree rings upon mistletoe removal as a balanced increase in A and gs that resulted in a constant intrinsic water use efficiency (defined as A/gs). Needle area-based concentrations of N, soluble sugars and NSC, as well as needle length, single needle area, tree ring width and shoot growth, were significantly higher in trees from which mistletoe was removed than in control trees. This finding suggests that mistletoe removal results in increased N availability and carbon gain, which in turn leads to increased growth rates of the hosts. Hence, in areas where mistletoe is common and the population is large, mistletoe management (e.g., removal) may be needed to improve the host vigor, growth rate and productivity, especially for relatively small trees and crop trees in xeric growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Feng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF, Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dobbertin
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Xing-Guo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Mai-He Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
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Li J, Yang B, Yan Q, Zhang J, Yan M, Li M. Effects of a native parasitic plant on an exotic invader decrease with increasing host age. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv031. [PMID: 25838325 PMCID: PMC4417202 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding changes in the interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts in relation to ontogenetic changes in the hosts is crucial for successful use of parasitic plants as biological controls. We investigated growth, photosynthesis and chemical defences in different-aged Bidens pilosa plants in response to infection by Cuscuta australis. We were particularly interested in whether plant responses to parasite infection change with changes in the host plant age. Compared with the non-infected B. pilosa, parasite infection reduced total host biomass and net photosynthetic rates, but these deleterious effects decreased with increasing host age. Parasite infection reduced the concentrations of total phenolics, total flavonoids and saponins in the younger B. pilosa but not in the older B. pilosa. Compared with the relatively older and larger plants, younger and smaller plants suffered from more severe damage and are likely less to recover from the infection, suggesting that C. australis is only a viable biocontrol agent for younger B. pilosa plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou 318000, China Institute of Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Beifen Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou 318000, China Institute of Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Qiaodi Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou 318000, China Institute of Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Min Yan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Maihe Li
- Ecophysiology Group, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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