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Russo A, Örzsik B, Yalin N, Simpson I, Nwaubani P, Pinna A, De Marco R, Sharp H, Kartar A, Singh N, Blockley N, Stone AJL, Turkheimer FE, Young AH, Cercignani M, Zelaya F, Asllani I, Colasanti A. Altered oxidative neurometabolic response to methylene blue in bipolar disorder revealed by quantitative neuroimaging. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:790-798. [PMID: 39019231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral mitochondrial and hemodynamic abnormalities have been implicated in Bipolar Disorder pathophysiology, likely contributing to neurometabolic vulnerability-leading to worsen clinical outcomes and mood instability. To investigate neurometabolic vulnerability in patients with BD, we combined multi-modal quantitative MRI assessment of cerebral oxygenation with acute administration of Methylene Blue, a neurometabolic/hemodynamic modulator acting on cerebral mitochondria. METHODS Fifteen euthymic patients with chronic BD-type 1, and fifteen age/gender-matched healthy controls underwent two separate MRI sessions in a single-blinded randomized cross-over design, each after intravenous infusion of either MB (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo. MRI-based measures of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Extraction Fraction were integrated to compute Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen in Frontal Lobe, Anterior Cingulate, and Hippocampus-implicated in BD neurometabolic pathophysiology. Inter-daily variation in mood rating was used to assess mood instability. RESULTS A decrease in global CBF and CMRO2 was observed after acutely administrating MB to all participants. Greater regional CMRO2 reductions were observed after MB, in patients compared to controls in FL (mean = -14.2 ± 19.5 % versus 2.3 ± 14.8 %), ACC (mean = -14.8 ± 23.7 % versus 2.4 ± 15.7 %). The effects on CMRO2 in those regions were primarily driven by patients with longer disease duration and higher mood instability. LIMITATIONS Sample size; medications potentially impacting on response to MB. CONCLUSIONS An altered neurometabolic response to MB, a mitochondrial/hemodynamic modulator, was observed in patients, supporting the hypothesis of vulnerability to neurometabolic stress in BD. Integrating quantitative imaging of cerebral oxygen metabolism with a mitochondrial-targeting pharmacological challenge could provide a novel biomarker of neurometabolic and cerebrovascular pathophysiology in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Russo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK.
| | - Balázs Örzsik
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK; Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nefize Yalin
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivor Simpson
- School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Prince Nwaubani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Antonello Pinna
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Riccardo De Marco
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Harriet Sharp
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Amy Kartar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Nisha Singh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Allan H Young
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Iris Asllani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK; Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
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2
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Lam XJ, Xu B, Yeo PL, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Mitochondria dysfunction and bipolar disorder: From pathology to therapy. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:407-418. [PMID: 37388495 PMCID: PMC10300489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the major psychiatric diseases in which the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been closely connected or associated with the disease pathologies. Different lines of evidence of the close connection between mitochondria dysfunction and BD were discussed with a particular focus on (1) dysregulation of energy metabolism, (2) effect of genetic variants, (3) oxidative stress, cell death and apoptosis, (4) dysregulated calcium homeostasis and electrophysiology, and (5) current as well as potential treatments targeting at restoring mitochondrial functions. Currently, pharmacological interventions generally provide limited efficacy in preventing relapses or recovery from mania or depression episodes. Thus, understanding mitochondrial pathology in BD will lead to novel agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and formulating new effective therapy for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jieh Lam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Daxuecheng Outer Ring E Rd, Panyu Qu, Guangzhou Shi, Guangdong 511434, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Yeo
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Nersesova LS, Petrosyan MS, Arutjunyan AV. Neuroprotective Potential of Creatine. Hidden Resources of Its Therapeutic and Preventive Use. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Scaini G, Andrews T, Lima CNC, Benevenuto D, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical event in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:23-36. [PMID: 33340709 PMCID: PMC10494232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains modest, despite recent advances in neurobiological research. The mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis of bipolar disorder has been corroborated by several studies involving postmortem brain analysis, neuroimaging, and specific biomarkers in both rodent models and humans. Evidence suggests that BD might be related to abnormal mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, neuroimmune dysfunction, and atypical mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders is also associated with abnormal Ca2+ levels, glutamate excitotoxicity, an imbalance between pro- and antiapoptotic proteins towards apoptosis, abnormal gene expression of electron transport chain complexes, and decreased ATP synthesis. This paper aims to review and discuss the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD etiology and to explore mitochondria as a potential target for novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taylor Andrews
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila N C Lima
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Benevenuto
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Giménez-Palomo A, Dodd S, Anmella G, Carvalho AF, Scaini G, Quevedo J, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E, Berk M. The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and to Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:546801. [PMID: 34295268 PMCID: PMC8291901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.546801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in several biological processes, especially in energy production. Several studies have found a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Impairments in energy production are found in these disorders together with higher levels of oxidative stress. Recently, many agents capable of enhancing antioxidant defenses or mitochondrial functioning have been studied for the treatment of mood disorders as adjuvant therapy to current pharmacological treatments. A better knowledge of mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology might allow the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development and study of novel effective therapies to treat these specific mitochondrial impairments. This could be especially beneficial for treatment-resistant patients. In this article, we provide a focused narrative review of the currently available evidence supporting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders, the effects of current therapies on mitochondrial functions, and novel targeted therapies acting on mitochondrial pathways that might be useful for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Yuksel C, Chen X, Chouinard VA, Nickerson LD, Gardner M, Cohen T, Öngür D, Du F. Abnormal Brain Bioenergetics in First-Episode Psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2021; 2:sgaa073. [PMID: 33554120 PMCID: PMC7848946 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence indicates impaired brain energy metabolism in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Creatine kinase (CK) is pivotal in providing adenosine triphosphate in the cell and maintaining its levels when energy demand is increased. However, the activity of CK has not been investigated in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS Using in vivo phosphorus magnetization transfer spectroscopy, we measured CK first-order forward rate constant (k f ) in the frontal lobe, in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP; n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 34), at rest. RESULTS CK k f was significantly reduced in FEP compared to healthy controls. There were no differences in other energy metabolism-related measures, including phosphocreatine (PCr) or ATP, between groups. We also found increase in glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine, a putative membrane breakdown product, in patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that brain bioenergetic abnormalities are already present early in the course of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Future research is needed to identify the relationship of reduced CK k f with psychotic symptoms and to test treatment alternatives targeting this pathway. Increased glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine is consistent with earlier studies in medication-naïve patients and later studies in first-episode schizophrenia, and suggest enhanced synaptic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Yuksel
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xi Chen
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Scaini G, Valvassori SS, Diaz AP, Lima CN, Benevenuto D, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Neurobiology of bipolar disorders: a review of genetic components, signaling pathways, biochemical changes, and neuroimaging findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:536-551. [PMID: 32267339 PMCID: PMC7524405 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by changes in mood that alternate between mania and hypomania or between depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment. Although effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are available, several patients with BD remain symptomatic. The advance in the understanding of the neurobiology underlying BD could help in the identification of new therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and response to treatment in BD. In this review, we discuss genetic, epigenetic, molecular, physiological and neuroimaging findings associated with the neurobiology of BD. Despite the advances in the pathophysiological knowledge of BD, the diagnosis and management of the disease are still essentially clinical. Given the complexity of the brain and the close relationship between environmental exposure and brain function, initiatives that incorporate genetic, epigenetic, molecular, physiological, clinical, environmental data, and brain imaging are necessary to produce information that can be translated into prevention and better outcomes for patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Diaz
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila N Lima
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Benevenuto
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Abstract
People with bipolar disorder (BD) all too often have suboptimal long-term outcomes with existing treatment options. They experience relapsing episodes of depression and mania and also have interepisodic mood and anxiety symptoms. We need to have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of BD if we are to make progress in improving these outcomes. This chapter will focus on the critical role of mitochondria in human functioning, oxidative stress, and the biological mechanisms of mitochondria in BD. Additionally, this chapter will present the evidence that, at least for some people, BD is a product of mitochondrial dysregulation. We review the modulators of mitochondria, the connection between current BD medication treatments and mitochondria, and additional medications that have theoretical potential to treat BD.
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9
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Iwata K. Mitochondrial Involvement in Mental Disorders; Energy Metabolism, Genetic, and Environmental Factors. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1916:41-48. [PMID: 30535680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8994-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ) are generally characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behavior, and relationships with others. Multiple risk factors incorporating genetic and environmental susceptibility are associated with development of these disorders. Mitochondria have a central role in the energy metabolism, and the literature suggests energy metabolism abnormalities are widespread in the brains of subjects with MDD, BD, and SZ. Numerous studies have shown altered expressions of mitochondria-related genes in these mental disorders. In addition, environmental factors for these disorders, such as stresses, have been suggested to induce mitochondrial abnormalities. Moreover, animal studies have suggested that interactions of altered expression of mitochondria-related genes and environmental factors might be involved in mental disorders. Further investigations into interactions of mitochondrial abnormalities with environmental factors are required to elucidate of the pathogenesis of these mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iwata
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy. .,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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10
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Mitochondrial Involvement in Mental Disorders: Energy Metabolism and Genetic and Environmental Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:63-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Du F, Yuksel C, Chouinard VA, Huynh P, Pingali S, Ryan K, Cohen BM, Öngür D. Abnormalities in High-Energy Phosphate Metabolism in First-Episode Bipolar Disorder Measured Using 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:797-802. [PMID: 28527566 PMCID: PMC5632123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain energy metabolism is critical for supporting synaptic function and information processing. A growing body of evidence suggests abnormalities in brain bioenergetics in psychiatric disorders, including both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides a noninvasive window into these processes in vivo. Using this approach, we previously showed that patients with BD show normal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine levels at rest but cannot maintain normal ATP levels in the visual cortex during times of high energy demand (photic stimulation). Because ATP is replenished from phosphocreatine via the creatine kinase reaction, we have now measured the creatine kinase forward reaction rate constant in BD. METHODS We studied 20 patients experiencing a first episode of BD and 28 healthy control participants at 4T and quantified creatine kinase forward reaction rate constant using 31P magnetization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy as described previously. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in creatine kinase forward reaction rate constant in the BD group (F = 4.692, p = .036), whereas brain ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations, as well as brain parenchymal pH, were normal. CONCLUSIONS These results pinpoint a specific molecular mechanism underlying our previous observation of an inability to replenish brain ATP during times of high energy demand in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cagri Yuksel
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce M. Cohen
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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12
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Akarsu S, Bolu A, Aydemir E, Zincir SB, Kurt YG, Zincir S, Erdem M, Uzun Ö. The Relationship between the Number of Manic Episodes and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:514-519. [PMID: 29674601 PMCID: PMC5975995 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2016.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes that has a lifetime prevalence of 0.4- 5.5%. The neurochemical mechanism of BD is not fully understood. Oxidative stress in neurons causes lipid peroxidation in proteins associated with neuronal membranes and intracellular enzymes and it may lead to dysfunction in neurotransmitter reuptake and enzyme activities. These pathological processes are thought to occur in brain regions associated with affective functions and emotions in BD. The relationship between the number of manic episodes and total oxidant-antioxidant capacity was investigated in this study. METHODS Eighty-two BD patients hospitalized due to manic symptoms and with no episodes of depression were enrolled in the study. Thirty of the 82 patients had had their first episode of mania, and the other 52 patients had had two or more manic episodes. The control group included 45 socio-demographically matched healthy individuals. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) measurements of the participants were performed. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by TOC/TAC. RESULTS There were no significant differences in OSI scores between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. However, OSI scores in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group. TOC levels of BD patients with first-episode mania were found to be significantly higher than TOC levels of BD patients with more than one manic episode and healthy controls. There were no significant differences in TAC levels between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. TAC levels in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION Significant changes in oxidative stress indicators were observed in this study, confirming previous studies. Increased levels of oxidants were shown with increased disease severity rather than with the number of manic episodes. Systematic studies, including of each period of the disorder, are needed for using the findings indicating deterioration of oxidative parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Akarsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Freelance Physician, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bolu
- Department of Psychiatry, Gülhane Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Aydemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Beytepe State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selma Bozkurt Zincir
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Park Göztepe Hospital Complex, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serkan Zincir
- Department of Psychiatry, Eskişehir State Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Erdem
- Department of Psychiatry, Bilted Psychiatry Treatment Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Uzun
- Department of Psychiatry, Gülhane Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Shi J, Guo H, Fan F, Fan H, An H, Wang Z, Tan S, Yang F, Tan Y. Sex differences of hippocampal structure in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 273:35-41. [PMID: 29329741 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although differential patterns in clinical characteristics have been consistently noted between male and female patients with bipolar disorder (BD), the effect of sex on the hippocampal structure remains unclear. To address this, the present study investigated the effects of BD and sex on the hippocampal structure, and the relationship between the hippocampal structure and cognitive performance. Morphometric and neurocognitive analyses were performed in 91 subjects (patients with BD: male/female = 33/19; normal controls: male/female = 22/17). Patients had significantly decreased left parahippocampal gyrus area and left/right hippocampal volume compared to normal controls. Within the BD group only, female patients presented with smaller right hippocampal volume than males. In the Spatial Span (SS) test (used to assess working memory capacity) and the Maze test (used to evaluate the ability to anticipate), patients demonstrated decreased performance compared to normal controls, with a significant main effect of sex. Left parahippocampal gyrus area and right hippocampal volume were positively correlated with SS and Maze in patients; moreover, right hippocampal volume predicted 17.4% of SS performance variance. These results suggest that there may be a difference between male and female patients with regard to right hippocampal volume, and that female patients may need more attention than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- The Psychiatric Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian City, Henan Province, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimei An
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Warren EB, Aicher AE, Fessel JP, Konradi C. Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase: Implications for striatal energy metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190456. [PMID: 29287112 PMCID: PMC5747477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the discrete genome which encodes subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is present at highly variable copy numbers across cell types. Though severe mtDNA depletion dramatically reduces mitochondrial function, the impact of tissue-specific mtDNA reduction remains debated. Previously, our lab identified reduced mtDNA quantity in the putamen of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who had developed L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia (LID), compared to PD patients who had not developed LID and healthy subjects. Here, we present the consequences of mtDNA depletion by ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment on the bioenergetic function of primary cultured neurons, astrocytes and neuron-enriched cocultures from rat striatum. We report that EtBr inhibition of mtDNA replication and transcription consistently reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and that neurons are significantly more sensitive to EtBr than astrocytes. EtBr also increases glycolytic activity in astrocytes, whereas in neurons it reduces the expression of mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA and levels of phosphocreatine. Further, we show that mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA is similarly downregulated in dyskinetic PD patients, compared to both non-dyskinetic PD patients and healthy subjects. Our data support a hypothesis that reduced striatal mtDNA contributes to energetic dysregulation in the dyskinetic striatum by destabilizing the energy buffering system of the phosphocreatine/creatine shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Booth Warren
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Aidan Edward Aicher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joshua Patrick Fessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christine Konradi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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15
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Morris G, Walder K, McGee SL, Dean OM, Tye SJ, Maes M, Berk M. A model of the mitochondrial basis of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 74:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Gellén B, Völgyi K, Györffy BA, Darula Z, Hunyadi-Gulyás É, Baracskay P, Czurkó A, Hernádi I, Juhász G, Dobolyi Á, Kékesi KA. Proteomic investigation of the prefrontal cortex in the rat clomipramine model of depression. J Proteomics 2017; 153:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Savushkina OK, Tereshkina EB, Prokhorova TA, Vorobyeva EА, Boksha IS, Burbaeva GS. [Creatine kinase isoform B distribution in the brain in schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:62-68. [PMID: 27735901 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161169162-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare patterns of brain isoform creatine phosphokinase (CPK B) distributions in post-mortem brain from patients with schizophrenia (Sch) and patients with somatic diseases (controls). MATERIAL AND METHODS Extracts of readily soluble and membrane-associated proteins were prepared from post-mortem samples of prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10), anterior (area 24) and posterior (area 23) cingulate cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum cortex from patients with Sch and control group (the samples were matched by age and postmortem interval). CPK enzymatic activity was measured by determination of inorganic phosphate, amounts of immunoreative CPK В were estimated by ECL-Western blotting using monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS A significant decrease in CPK activity and amounts of immunoreative CPK В was observed in fractions of readily soluble proteins in all studied brain structures of patients with Sch compared to controls (p<0.01). Significant differences in CPK activity were found in membrane-associated protein fractions from the hippocampus (p<0.01), but not from the cingulate cortex (areas 23 and 24), of Sch patients compared with controls, whereas no difference between groups was found in levels of immunoreactive CPK B in membrane-associated protein fractions from the cingulate cortex (areas 23 and 24) and hippocampus. The decrease in the amount of CPK B in the frontal cortex of patients with Sch was confirmed by purification of CPK B active dimer from brain samples of patients with Sch and controls. CONCLUSION Changes in the levels of CPK brain isoform in the brain of patients with Sch (the decrease in CPK activity and amounts in various brain structures at different extents) lead to the substantial alteration of CPK distribution pattern among the brain areas studied, result in the disturbance of the brain energy metabolism and contribute to Sch pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - I S Boksha
- Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Bergman O, Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System (OXPHOS) Deficits in Schizophrenia: Possible Interactions with Cellular Processes. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:457-69. [PMID: 27412728 PMCID: PMC4959648 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716648290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key players in the generation and regulation of cellular bioenergetics, producing the majority of adenosine triphosphate molecules by the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Linked to numerous signaling pathways and cellular functions, mitochondria, and OXPHOS in particular, are involved in neuronal development, connectivity, plasticity, and differentiation. Impairments in a variety of mitochondrial functions have been described in different general and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), a severe, chronic, debilitating illness that heavily affects the lives of patients and their families. This article reviews findings emphasizing the role of OXPHOS in the pathophysiology of SCZ. Evidence accumulated during the past few decades from imaging, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies points at OXPHOS deficit involvement in SCZ. Abnormalities have been reported in high-energy phosphates generated by the OXPHOS, in the activity of its complexes and gene expression, primarily of complex I (CoI). In addition, cellular signaling such as cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca(+2), neuronal development, connectivity, and plasticity have been linked to OXPHOS function and are reported to be impaired in SCZ. Finally, CoI has been shown as a site of interaction for both dopamine (DA) and antipsychotic drugs, further substantiating its role in the pathology of SCZ. Understanding the role of mitochondria and the OXPHOS in particular may encourage new insights into the pathophysiology and etiology of this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Bergman
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Medical Center, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Medical Center, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel
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19
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Haarman BCM'B, Burger H, Doorduin J, Renken RJ, Sibeijn-Kuiper AJ, Marsman JBC, de Vries EFJ, de Groot JC, Drexhage HA, Mendes R, Nolen WA, Riemersma-Van der Lek RF. Volume, metabolites and neuroinflammation of the hippocampus in bipolar disorder - A combined magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography study. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:21-33. [PMID: 26348581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is one of the brain regions that is involved in several pathophysiological theories about bipolar disorder (BD), such as the neuroinflammation theory and the corticolimbic metabolic dysregulation theory. We compared hippocampal volume and hippocampal metabolites in bipolar I disorder (BD-I) patients versus healthy controls (HCs) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). We post hoc investigated whether hippocampal volume and hippocampal metabolites were associated with microglial activation and explored if potential illness modifying factors affected these hippocampal measurements and whether these were associated with experienced mood and functioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two BD-I patients and twenty-four HCs were included in the analyses. All subjects underwent psychiatric interviews as well as an MRI scan, including a T1 scan and PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Volumetric analysis was performed with Freesurfer. MRS quantification was performed with LC Model. A subgroup of 14 patients and 11 HCs also underwent a successful [(11)C]-(R)-PK11195 neuroinflammation positron emission tomography scan. RESULTS In contrast to our hypothesis, hippocampal volumes were not decreased in patients compared to HC after correcting for individual whole-brain volume variations. We demonstrated decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA)+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) and creatine (Cr)+phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations in the left hippocampus. In the explorative analyses in the left hippocampus we identified positive associations between microglial activation and the NAA+NAAG concentration, between alcohol use and NAA+NAAG concentration, between microglial activation and the depression score and a negative relation between Cr+PCr concentration and experienced occupational disability. Duration of illness associated positively with volume bilaterally. CONCLUSION Compared to HCs, the decreased NAA+NAAG concentration in the left hippocampus of BD-I patients suggests a decreased neuronal integrity in this region. In addition we found a positive relation between microglial activation and neuronal integrity in vivo, corresponding to a differentiated microglial function where some microglia induce apoptosis while others stimulate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomeus C M 'Benno' Haarman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; Radiology Morphological Solutions, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands.
| | - Huibert Burger
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- University of Groningen, Neuroimaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erik F J de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Cees de Groot
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Erasmus MC, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Mendes
- Radiology Morphological Solutions, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Nolen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rixt F Riemersma-Van der Lek
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Scaini G, Rezin GT, Carvalho AF, Streck EL, Berk M, Quevedo J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: Evidence, pathophysiology and translational implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:694-713. [PMID: 27377693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness characterized by severe and biphasic changes in mood. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to underpin the neurobiology of BD, including the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. A confluence of evidence points to an underlying dysfunction of mitochondria, including decreases in mitochondrial respiration, high-energy phosphates and pH; changes in mitochondrial morphology; increases in mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms; and downregulation of nuclear mRNA molecules and proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival or death as regulators of both energy metabolism and cell survival and death pathways. Thus, in this review, we discuss the genetic and physiological components of mitochondria and the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in BD. The final part of this review discusses mitochondria as a potential target of therapeutic interventions in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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21
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Dudley J, DelBello MP, Weber WA, Adler CM, Strakowski SM, Lee JH. Tissue-dependent cerebral energy metabolism in adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:248-55. [PMID: 26688494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate tissue-dependent cerebral energy metabolism by measuring high energy phosphate levels in unmedicated adolescents diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. METHODS Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging data were acquired over the entire brain of 24 adolescents with bipolar I disorder and 19 demographically matched healthy comparison adolescents. Estimates of phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP, determined from the γ-resonance) in homogeneous gray and white matter in the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum of each subject were obtained by extrapolation of linear regression analyses of metabolite concentrations vs. voxel gray matter fractions. RESULTS Multivariate analyses of variance showed a significant effect of group on high energy phosphate concentrations in the right cerebrum (p=0.0002) but not in the left (p=0.17). Post-hoc testing in the right cerebrum revealed significantly reduced concentrations of PCr in gray matter and ATP in white matter in both manic (p=0.002 and 0.0001, respectively) and euthymic (p=0.004 and 0.002, respectively) bipolar I disorder subjects relative to healthy comparisons. LIMITATIONS The small sample sizes yield relatively low statistical power between manic and euthymic groups; cross-sectional observations limit the ability to determine if these findings are truly independent of mood state. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest bioenergetic impairment - consistent with downregulation of creatine kinase - is an early pathophysiological feature of bipolar I disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Wade A Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA; Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Science, USA
| | - Jing-Huei Lee
- Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA; Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Science, USA
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22
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Savitz J, Morris HM, Drevets WC. Neuroimaging Studies of Bipolar Depression: Therapeutic Implications. BIPOLAR DEPRESSION: MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY, CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS, AND PHARMACOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31689-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Shi XF, Carlson PJ, Sung YH, Fiedler KK, Forrest LN, Hellem TL, Huber RS, Kim SE, Zuo C, Jeong EK, Renshaw PF, Kondo DG. Decreased brain PME/PDE ratio in bipolar disorder: a preliminary (31) P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:743-52. [PMID: 26477793 PMCID: PMC5495548 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to measure brain phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31) P MRS) metabolite levels and the creatine kinase reaction forward rate constant (kf ) in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Subjects with bipolar euthymia (n = 14) or depression (n = 11) were recruited. Healthy comparison subjects (HC) (n = 23) were recruited and matched to subjects with BD on age, gender, and educational level. All studies were performed on a 3-Tesla clinical magnetic resonance imaging system using a (31) P/(1) H double-tuned volume head coil. (31) P spectra were acquired without (1) H-decoupling using magnetization-transfer image-selected in vivo spectroscopy. Metabolite ratios from a brain region that includes the frontal lobe, corpus callosum, thalamus, and occipital lobe are expressed as a percentage of the total phosphorus (TP) signal. Brain pH was also investigated. RESULTS Beta-nucleoside-triphosphate (β-NTP/TP) in subjects with bipolar depression was positively correlated with kf (p = 0.039, r(2) = 0.39); similar correlations were not observed in bipolar euthymia or HC. In addition, no differences in kf and brain pH were observed among the three diagnostic groups. A decrease in the ratio of phosphomonoesters to phosphodiesters (PME/PDE) was observed in subjects with bipolar depression relative to HC (p = 0.032). We also observed a trend toward an inverse correlation in bipolar depression characterized by decreased phosphocreatine and increased depression severity. CONCLUSIONS In our sample, kf was not altered in the euthymic or depressed mood state in BD. However, decreased PME/PDE in subjects with bipolar depression was consistent with differences in membrane turnover. These data provide preliminary support for alterations in phospholipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Feng Shi
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Paul J Carlson
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Young-Hoon Sung
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Tracy L Hellem
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Chun Zuo
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Radiology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas G Kondo
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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24
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A preliminary evaluation of the correlation between regional energy phosphates and resting state functional connectivity in depression. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 9:348-54. [PMID: 26594618 PMCID: PMC4589842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired brain energy metabolism is among the leading hypotheses in the pathogenesis of affective disorders and linking energy phosphates with states of tissue-function activity is a novel and non-invasive approach to differentiate healthy from unhealthy states. Resting state functional MRI (fMRI) has been established as an important tool for mapping cerebral regional activity and phosphorous chemical shift imaging ((31)P CSI) has been applied to measure levels of energy phosphates and phospholipids non-invasively in order to gain insight into the possible etiology of affective disorders. This is an initial attempt to identify the existence of a correlation between regional energy phosphates and connectivity at nodes of the posterior default mode network (DMN). Resting state fMRI in conjunction with (31)P 2D CSI was applied to 11 healthy controls and 11 depressed patients at 3 T. We found that differences between the two groups exist in correlation of lateral posterior parietal cortex functional connectivity and regional Pi/PCr. Results of this study indicate that resting-state-fMRI-guided (31)P CSI can provide new insight into depression via regional energy phosphates and functional connectivity.
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25
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Abnormal high-energy phosphate molecule metabolism during regional brain activation in patients with bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1079-84. [PMID: 25754079 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests bioenergetic abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD). In the brain, phosphocreatine (PCr) acts a reservoir of high-energy phosphate (HEP) bonds, and creatine kinases (CK) catalyze the transfer of HEP from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to PCr and from PCr back to ATP, at times of increased need. This study examined the activity of this mechanism in BD by measuring the levels of HEP molecules during a stimulus paradigm that increased local energy demand. Twenty-three patients diagnosed with BD-I and 22 healthy controls (HC) were included. Levels of phosphorus metabolites were measured at baseline and during visual stimulation in the occipital lobe using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T. Changes in metabolite levels showed different patterns between the groups. During stimulation, HC had significant reductions in PCr but not in ATP, as expected. In contrast, BD patients had significant reductions in ATP but not in PCr. In addition, PCr/ATP ratio was lower at baseline in patients, and there was a higher change in this measure during stimulation. This pattern suggests a disease-related failure to replenish ATP from PCr through CK enzyme catalysis during tissue activation. Further studies measuring the CK flux in BD are required to confirm and extend this finding.
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26
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de Sousa RT, Machado-Vieira R, Zarate CA, Manji HK. Targeting mitochondrially mediated plasticity to develop improved therapeutics for bipolar disorder. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1131-47. [PMID: 25056514 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.940893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe illness with few treatments available. Understanding BPD pathophysiology and identifying potential relevant targets could prove useful for developing new treatments. Remarkably, subtle impairments of mitochondrial function may play an important role in BPD pathophysiology. AREAS COVERED This article focuses on human studies and reviews evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in BPD as a promising target for the development of new, improved treatments. Mitochondria are crucial for energy production, generated mainly through the electron transport chain (ETC) and play an important role in regulating apoptosis and calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling as well as synaptic plasticity. Mitochondria move throughout the neurons to provide energy for intracellular signaling. Studies showed polymorphisms of mitochondria-related genes as risk factors for BPD. Postmortem studies in BPD also show decreased ETC activity/expression and increased nitrosative and oxidative stress (OxS) in patient brains. BPD has been also associated with increased OxS, Ca²⁺ dysregulation and increased proapoptotic signaling in peripheral blood. Neuroimaging studies consistently show decreased energy levels and pH in brains of BPD patients. EXPERT OPINION Targeting mitochondrial function, and their role in energy metabolism, synaptic plasticity and cell survival, may be an important avenue for development of new mood-stabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T de Sousa
- University of Sao Paulo, Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM-27, Faculty of Medicine , Paulo Rua Ovidio Pires de Campos 785, São Paulo, SP , Brazil
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Streck EL, Gonçalves CL, Furlanetto CB, Scaini G, Dal-Pizzol F, Quevedo J. Mitochondria and the central nervous system: searching for a pathophysiological basis of psychiatric disorders. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2014; 36:156-67. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L. Streck
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Brazil
| | - Cinara L. Gonçalves
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Brazil
| | - Camila B. Furlanetto
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Brazil; UNESC, Brazil
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Savitz JB, Price JL, Drevets WC. Neuropathological and neuromorphometric abnormalities in bipolar disorder: view from the medial prefrontal cortical network. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:132-47. [PMID: 24603026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether BD is primarily a developmental disorder or a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder remains unresolved. Here, we review the morphometric postmortem and neuroimaging literature relevant to the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). We focus on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) network, a key system in the regulation of emotional, behavioral, endocrine, and innate immunological responses to stress. We draw four main conclusions: the mPFC is characterized by (1) a decrease in volume, (2) reductions in neuronal size, and/or changes in neuronal density, (3) reductions in glial cell density, and (4) changes in gene expression. These data suggest the presence of dendritic atrophy of neurons and the loss of oligodendroglial cells in BD, although some data additionally suggest a reduction in the cell counts of specific subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons. Based on the weight of the postmortem and neuroimaging literature discussed herein, we favor a complex hypothesis that BD primarily constitutes a developmental disorder, but that additional, progressive, histopathological processes also are associated with recurrent or chronic illness. Conceivably BD may be best conceptualized as a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Joseph L Price
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Titusville, NJ, USA
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Fenproporex increases locomotor activity and alters energy metabolism, and mood stabilizers reverse these changes: a proposal for a new animal model of mania. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:877-92. [PMID: 24126971 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fenproporex (Fen) is converted in vivo into amphetamine, which is used to induce mania-like behaviors in animals. In the present study, we intend to present a new animal model of mania. In order to prove through face, construct, and predictive validities, we evaluated behavioral parameters (locomotor activity, stereotypy activity, and fecal boli amount) and brain energy metabolism (enzymes citrate synthase; malate dehydrogenase; succinate dehydrogenase; complexes I, II, II-III, and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain; and creatine kinase) in rats submitted to acute and chronic administration of fenproporex, treated with lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA). The administration of Fen increased locomotor activity and decreased the activity of Krebs cycle enzymes, mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and creatine kinase, in most brain structures evaluated. In addition, treatment with mood stabilizers prevented and reversed this effect. Our results are consistent with the literature that demonstrates behavioral changes and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by psychostimulants. These findings suggest that chronic administration of Fen may be a potential animal model of mania.
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Selek S, Nicoletti M, Zunta-Soares GB, Hatch JP, Nery FG, Matsuo K, Sanches M, Soares JC. A longitudinal study of fronto-limbic brain structures in patients with bipolar I disorder during lithium treatment. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:629-33. [PMID: 23764385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the association between therapeutic response to lithium treatment and fronto-limbic brain structures' volumes in bipolar I patients (BPI) 24 BPI and 11 healthy comparisons underwent MRI scans at baseline and 4 weeks later. The BPIs received lithium during the 4 week period with a goal of achieving therapeutic blood levels of >0.5 mEq/L (mean level 0.67 mEq/L). Mood symptoms were rated with the Hamilton Depression and the Young Mania Rating Scales at baseline and after 4 weeks, and response was defined as >50% decrease on either scale. Hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal (PFC), dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volumes were obtained by Freesurfer image analysis suite. According to baseline symptoms and treatment response, patients were assigned to three groups: euthymics (n=6), responders (n=12) and non-responders (n=6). Taken over both time periods, non-responders had smaller right amygdala than healthy comparisons and euthymic BPI (p=0.035 and p=0.003, respectively). When baseline and after treatment volumes were compared, there was a significant enlargement in left PFC and left DLPFC in BPI who responded to treatment (p=0.002 and p=0.006, respectively). Left hippocampus and right ACC volumes decreased in non-responders (p=0.02 and p=0.0001, respectively). According to the findings decreased left hippocampus and right ACC volumes may be markers of non-response to lithium amongst BPI. Smaller right amygdala may reflect symptomatic remission and be a marker of treatment non-response. Increases in left PFC and left DLPFC as a result of lithium treatment may relate to lithium's neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Selek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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Seifuddin F, Pirooznia M, Judy JT, Goes FS, Potash JB, Zandi PP. Systematic review of genome-wide gene expression studies of bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:213. [PMID: 23945090 PMCID: PMC3765828 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genome-wide gene expression studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been carried out. These studies are heterogeneous, underpowered and use overlapping samples. We conducted a systematic review of these studies to synthesize the current findings. METHODS We identified all genome-wide gene expression studies on BP in humans. We then carried out a quantitative mega-analysis of studies done with post-mortem brain tissue. We obtained raw data from each study and used standardized procedures to process and analyze the data. We then combined the data and conducted three separate mega-analyses on samples from 1) any region of the brain (9 studies); 2) the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (6 studies); and 3) the hippocampus (2 studies). To minimize heterogeneity across studies, we focused primarily on the most numerous, recent and comprehensive studies. RESULTS A total of 30 genome-wide gene expression studies of BP done with blood or brain tissue were identified. We included 10 studies with data on 211 microarrays on 57 unique BP cases and 229 microarrays on 60 unique controls in the quantitative mega-analysis. A total of 382 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed by the three analyses. Eleven genes survived correction for multiple testing with a q-value < 0.05 in the PFC. Among these were FKBP5 and WFS1, which have been previously implicated in mood disorders. Pathway analyses suggested a role for metallothionein proteins, MAP Kinase phosphotases, and neuropeptides. CONCLUSION We provided an up-to-date summary of results from gene expression studies of the brain in BP. Our analyses focused on the highest quality data available and provided results by brain region so that similarities and differences can be examined relative to disease status. The results are available for closer inspection on-line at Metamoodics [http://metamoodics.igm.jhmi.edu/], where investigators can look up any genes of interest and view the current results in their genomic context and in relation to leading findings from other genomic experiments in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Seifuddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer T Judy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Munkholm K, Vinberg M, Berk M, Kessing LV. State-related alterations of gene expression in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2012; 14:684-96. [PMID: 23043691 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in gene expression in bipolar disorder have been found in numerous studies. It is unclear whether such alterations are related to specific mood states. As a biphasic disorder, mood state-related alterations in gene expression have the potential to point to markers of disease activity, and trait-related alterations might indicate vulnerability pathways. This review therefore evaluated the evidence for whether gene expression in bipolar disorder is state or trait related. METHODS A systematic review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline for reporting systematic reviews, based on comprehensive database searches for studies on gene expression in patients with bipolar disorder in specific mood states, was conducted. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library, supplemented by manually searching reference lists from retrieved publications. RESULTS A total of 17 studies were included, comprising 565 patients and 418 control individuals. Six studies evaluated intraindividual alterations in gene expression across mood states. Two of five studies found evidence of intraindividual alterations in gene expression between a depressed state and a euthymic state. No studies evaluated intraindividual differences in gene expression between a manic state and a euthymic state, while only one case study evaluated differences between a manic state and a depressed state, finding altered expression in seven genes. No study investigated intraindividual variations in gene expression between a euthymic state and multiple states of various polarities (depressive, manic, hypomanic). Intraindividual alterations in expression of the same genes were not investigated across studies. Only one gene (the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene; BDNF) was investigated across multiple studies, showing no alteration between bipolar disorder patients and control individuals. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of some genes exhibiting state-related alterations in expression in bipolar disorder; however, this finding is limited by the lack of replication across studies. Further prospective studies are warranted, measuring gene expression in various affective phases, allowing for assessment of intraindividual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Munkholm
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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33
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Roles of interferon-gamma and its target genes in schizophrenia: Proteomics-based reverse genetics from mouse to human. Proteomics 2012; 12:1815-29. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Al-Thihli K, Roland E. Is low serum creatine kinase a nonspecific screening marker for creatine deficiency syndromes? Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106:251-2. [PMID: 22551696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers/blood
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/diagnosis
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/genetics
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/metabolism
- Child, Preschool
- Creatine/deficiency
- Creatine/genetics
- Creatine/metabolism
- Creatine Kinase/blood
- Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/diagnosis
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/genetics
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/metabolism
- Mutation
- Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/deficiency
- Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/genetics
- Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/metabolism
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Allen PJ. Creatine metabolism and psychiatric disorders: Does creatine supplementation have therapeutic value? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1442-62. [PMID: 22465051 PMCID: PMC3340488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Athletes, body builders, and military personnel use dietary creatine as an ergogenic aid to boost physical performance in sports involving short bursts of high-intensity muscle activity. Lesser known is the essential role creatine, a natural regulator of energy homeostasis, plays in brain function and development. Creatine supplementation has shown promise as a safe, effective, and tolerable adjunct to medication for the treatment of brain-related disorders linked with dysfunctional energy metabolism, such as Huntington's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Impairments in creatine metabolism have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, leaving clinicians, researchers and patients alike wondering if dietary creatine has therapeutic value for treating mental illness. The present review summarizes the neurobiology of the creatine-phosphocreatine circuit and its relation to psychological stress, schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. While present knowledge of the role of creatine in cognitive and emotional processing is in its infancy, further research on this endogenous metabolite has the potential to advance our understanding of the biological bases of psychopathology and improve current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Allen
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Psychology Building, 490 Boston Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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36
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Wu JQ, Wang X, Beveridge NJ, Tooney PA, Scott RJ, Carr VJ, Cairns MJ. Transcriptome sequencing revealed significant alteration of cortical promoter usage and splicing in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36351. [PMID: 22558445 PMCID: PMC3338678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While hybridization based analysis of the cortical transcriptome has provided important insight into the neuropathology of schizophrenia, it represents a restricted view of disease-associated gene activity based on predetermined probes. By contrast, sequencing technology can provide un-biased analysis of transcription at nucleotide resolution. Here we use this approach to investigate schizophrenia-associated cortical gene expression. Methodology/Principal Findings The data was generated from 76 bp reads of RNA-Seq, aligned to the reference genome and assembled into transcripts for quantification of exons, splice variants and alternative promoters in postmortem superior temporal gyrus (STG/BA22) from 9 male subjects with schizophrenia and 9 matched non-psychiatric controls. Differentially expressed genes were then subjected to further sequence and functional group analysis. The output, amounting to more than 38 Gb of sequence, revealed significant alteration of gene expression including many previously shown to be associated with schizophrenia. Gene ontology enrichment analysis followed by functional map construction identified three functional clusters highly relevant to schizophrenia including neurotransmission related functions, synaptic vesicle trafficking, and neural development. Significantly, more than 2000 genes displayed schizophrenia-associated alternative promoter usage and more than 1000 genes showed differential splicing (FDR<0.05). Both types of transcriptional isoforms were exemplified by reads aligned to the neurodevelopmentally significant doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) gene. Conclusions This study provided the first deep and un-biased analysis of schizophrenia-associated transcriptional diversity within the STG, and revealed variants with important implications for the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin Wu
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie J. Beveridge
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Research Unit for Schizophrenia Epidemiology, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Major psychiatric illnesses such as mood disorders and schizophrenia are chronic, recurrent mental illnesses that affect the lives of millions of individuals. Although these disorders have traditionally been viewed as 'neurochemical diseases', it is now clear that they are associated with impairments of synaptic plasticity and cellular resilience. Although most patients with these disorders do not have classic mitochondrial disorders, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that impaired mitochondrial function may affect key cellular processes, thereby altering synaptic functioning and contributing to the atrophic changes that underlie the deteriorating long-term course of these illnesses. Enhancing mitochondrial function could represent an important avenue for the development of novel therapeutics and also presents an opportunity for a potentially more efficient drug-development process.
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38
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Forester BP, Zuo CS, Ravichandran C, Harper DG, Du F, Kim S, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF. Coenzyme Q10 effects on creatine kinase activity and mood in geriatric bipolar depression. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2012; 25:43-50. [PMID: 22467846 PMCID: PMC4651420 DOI: 10.1177/0891988712436688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the prevalence, associated comorbidities, and functional consequences of bipolar depression (BPD), underlying disease mechanisms remain unclear. Published studies of individuals with bipolar disorder implicate abnormalities in cellular energy metabolism. This study tests the hypotheses that the forward rate constant (k(for)) of creatine kinase (CK) is altered in older adults with BPD and that CoEnzyme Q10 (CoQ10), known to have properties that enhance mitochondrial function, increases k(for) in elderly individuals with BPD treated with CoQ10 compared with untreated age- and sex-matched controls. METHODS Ten older adults (ages 55 and above) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition [DSM IV]) bipolar disorder, current episode depressed and 8 older controls underwent two 4 Tesla (31)Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)PMRS) scans 8 weeks apart using a magnetization transfer (MT) acquisition scheme to calculate k(for). The BPD group was treated with open-label CoEnzyme Q10 400 mg/d titrated up by 400 mg/d every 2 weeks to a maximum of 1200 mg/d. The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to measure depression symptom severity. Baseline k(for) and changes in k(for) were compared between individuals with BPD and controls, not receiving CoQ. Clinical ratings were compared across time and associated with k(for) changes using repeated measures linear regression. RESULTS The k(for) of CK was nonsignificantly lower for BPD than healthy controls at baseline (BPD mean (standard deviation [SD]) = 0.19 (0.02), control mean (SD) = 0.20 (0.02), Wilcoxon rank sum exact P = .40). The k(for) for both CoQ10-treated BPD and controls increased after 8 weeks (mean increase (SD) = 0.03 (0.04), Wilcoxon signed rank exact P = .01), with no significant difference in 8-week changes between groups (BPD mean change (SD) = 0.03 (0.03), control mean change (SD) = 0.03 (0.05), Wilcoxon rank sum exact P = .91). In an exploratory analysis, depression severity decreased with CoQ10 treatment in the group with BPD (F (3,7) = 4.87, P = .04) with significant reductions in the MADRS at weeks 2 (t (9) = -2.40, P = .04) and 4 (t (9) = -3.80, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS This study employing the novel MRS technique of MT did not demonstrate significance between group differences in the k(for) of CK but did observe a trend that would require confirmation in a larger study. An exploratory analysis suggested a reduction in depression symptom severity during treatment with high-dose CoEnzyme Q10 for older adults with BPD. Further studies exploring alterations of high-energy phosphate metabolites in geriatric BPD and efficacy studies of CoQ10 in a randomized controlled trial are both warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent P. Forester
- Geriatric Psychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Chun S. Zuo
- Harvard Medical School, MA, USA,Neuroimaging Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Ravichandran
- Harvard Medical School, MA, USA,McLean Hospital Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, MA, USA
| | - David G. Harper
- Geriatric Psychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Fei Du
- Harvard Medical School, MA, USA,Neuroimaging Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Susan Kim
- Geriatric Psychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Harvard Medical School, MA, USA,Shervert Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, MA, USA
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Chepenik LG, Wang F, Spencer L, Spann M, Kalmar JH, Womer F, Kale Edmiston E, Pittman B, Blumberg HP. Structure-function associations in hippocampus in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychol 2012; 90:18-22. [PMID: 22342942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampus volume decreases and verbal memory deficits have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD) as independent observations. We investigated potential associations between these deficits in subjects with BD. Hippocampus volumes were measured on magnetic resonance images of 31 subjects with BD and 32 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. The California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT) assessed verbal memory function in these subjects. Compared to the HC group, the BD group showed both significantly smaller hippocampus volumes and impaired performance on CVLT tests of immediate, short delay and long delay cued and free recall. Further, smaller hippocampus volume correlated with impaired performance in BD. Post hoc analyses revealed a trend towards improved memory in BD subjects taking antidepressant medications. These results support associations between morphological changes in hippocampus structure in BD and verbal memory impairment. They provide preliminary evidence pharmacotherapy may reverse hippocampus-related memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G Chepenik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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40
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Nanavati D, Austin DR, Catapano LA, Luckenbaugh DA, Dosemeci A, Manji HK, Chen G, Markey SP. The effects of chronic treatment with mood stabilizers on the rat hippocampal post-synaptic density proteome. J Neurochem 2011; 119:617-29. [PMID: 21838781 PMCID: PMC3192943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a devastating illness that is marked by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. There is growing evidence that the disease is correlated with disruptions in synaptic plasticity cascades involved in cognition and mood regulation. Alleviating the symptoms of bipolar disorder involves chronic treatment with mood stabilizers like lithium or valproate. These two structurally dissimilar drugs are known to alter prominent signaling cascades in the hippocampus, but their effects on the post-synaptic density complex remain undefined. In this work, we utilized mass spectrometry for quantitative profiling of the rat hippocampal post-synaptic proteome to investigate the effects of chronic mood stabilizer treatment. Our data show that in response to chronic treatment of mood stabilizers there were not gross qualitative changes but rather subtle quantitative perturbations in post-synaptic density proteome linked to several key signaling pathways. Our data specifically support the changes in actin dynamics on valproate treatment. Using label-free quantification methods, we report that lithium and valproate significantly altered the abundance of 21 and 43 proteins, respectively. Seven proteins were affected similarly by both lithium and valproate: Ank3, glutamate receptor 3, dynein heavy chain 1, and four isoforms of the 14-3-3 family. Immunoblotting the same samples confirmed the changes in Ank3 and glutamate receptor 3 abundance. Our findings support the hypotheses that BPD is a synaptic disorder and that mood stabilizers modulate the protein signaling complex in the hippocampal post-synaptic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Nanavati
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel R. Austin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa A. Catapano
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A. Luckenbaugh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayse Dosemeci
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Husseini K. Manji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sanford P. Markey
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Freitas TP, Rezin GT, Fraga DB, Moretti M, Vieira JS, Gomes LM, Borges LS, Valvassori SS, Quevedo J, Streck EL. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2011; 23:106-11. [PMID: 26952896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental illness associated with higher rates of suicide. The present study aims to investigate the brain mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats received a single intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain (10-3 and 10-2 M) or vehicle. Locomotor activity was measured using the open field test. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was measured in the brain of rats 1 h and 7 days after ouabain administration. RESULTS Our results showed that spontaneous locomotion was increased 1 h and 7 days after ouabain administration. Complexes I, III and IV activities were increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum immediately after the administration of ouabain, at the concentration of 10-3 and 10-2 M. Moreover, complex II activity was increased only in the prefrontal cortex at the concentration of 10-2 M. On the other hand, no significant alterations were observed in complex I activity 7 days after ouabain administration. However, an increase in complexes II, III and IV activities was observed only in the prefrontal cortex at the concentration of 10-2 M. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an increase in the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain in this model of mania. A possible explanation is that these findings occur as a rebound effect trying to compensate for a decrease of ATP deprivation in BD. The present findings suggest that this model may present good face validity and a limitation in construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane B Fraga
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina
| | - Julia S Vieira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lislaine S Borges
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Tamoxifen effects on respiratory chain complexes and creatine kinase activities in an animal model of mania. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 98:304-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Feier G, Valvassori SS, Rezin GT, Búrigo M, Streck EL, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J. Creatine kinase levels in patients with bipolar disorder: depressive, manic, and euthymic phases. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2011; 33:171-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011005000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder is a severe, recurrent, and often chronic psychiatric illness associated with significant functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Creatine kinase is an important enzyme, particularly for cells with high and fluctuating energy requirements, such as neurons, and is a potential marker of brain injury. The aim of the present study was to compare serum creatine kinase levels between bipolar disorder patients, in the various phases (depressive, manic, and euthymic), and healthy volunteers. METHOD: Forty-eight bipolar patients were recruited: 18 in the euthymic phase; 17 in the manic phase; and 13 in the depressive phase. The control group comprised 41 healthy volunteers. The phases of bipolar disorder were defined as follows: euthymic-not meeting the DSM-IV criteria for a mood episode and scoring < 8 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS); manic-scoring < 7 on the HDRS and > 7 on the YMRS; depressive-scoring > 7 on the HDRS and < 7 on the YMRS. Patients in mixed phases were excluded. Blood samples were collected from all participants. RESULTS: Creatine kinase levels were higher in the manic patients than in the controls. However, we observed no significant difference between euthymic and depressive patients in terms of the creatine kinase level. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the clinical differences among the depressive, manic, and euthymic phases of bipolar disorder are paralleled by contrasting levels of creatine kinase. However, further studies are needed in order to understand the state-dependent differences observed in serum creatine kinase activity.
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Beech RD, Lowthert L, Leffert JJ, Mason PN, Taylor MM, Umlauf S, Lin A, Lee JY, Maloney K, Muralidharan A, Lorberg B, Zhao H, Newton SS, Mane S, Epperson CN, Sinha R, Blumberg H, Bhagwagar Z. Increased peripheral blood expression of electron transport chain genes in bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord 2010; 12:813-24. [PMID: 21176028 PMCID: PMC3076072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify specific genetic pathways showing altered expression in peripheral blood of depressed subjects with bipolar disorder (BPD). METHODS Illumina Sentrix BeadChip (Human-6v2) microarrays containing >48,000 transcript probes were used to measure levels of gene expression in peripheral blood from 20 depressed subjects with BPD and in 15 healthy control subjects. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to confirm a subset of these differences. RESULTS A total of 1,180 genes were differentially expressed between subjects with BPD and healthy controls (fold-change >1.3, false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.05, covaried for age and sex). Of these, 559 genes were up-regulated in BPD subjects and 621 were down-regulated. Surprisingly, there was no difference between medicated (n = 11) and unmedicated (n = 9) subjects with BPD for any of these genes. Pathway analysis using GeneGo MetaCore software showed that the most significantly affected pathway was the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Of the 85 objects (genes or proteins) in this pathway, 22 were up-regulated and 2 down-regulated in subjects with BPD. qRT-PCR confirmed up-regulation of nuclear encoded ETC genes in complexes I, III, IV, and V and, in addition, demonstrated up-regulation of mitochondrially encoded genes in each of these complexes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increased expression of multiple components of the mitochondrial ETC may be a primary deficit in bipolar depression, rather than an effect of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Beech
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Lori Lowthert
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Janine J Leffert
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Portia N Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Mary M Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Sheila Umlauf
- W. M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Aiping Lin
- W. M. Keck Foundation Biostatistics Resource, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Ji Young Lee
- W. M. Keck Foundation Biostatistics Resource, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Kathleen Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | | | - Boris Lorberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Samuel S Newton
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Shrikant Mane
- W. M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Hilary Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Zubin Bhagwagar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Neuroscience Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
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45
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Clay HB, Sillivan S, Konradi C. Mitochondrial dysfunction and pathology in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010; 29:311-24. [PMID: 20833242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are severe psychiatric illnesses with a combined prevalence of 4%. A disturbance of energy metabolism is frequently observed in these disorders. Several pieces of evidence point to an underlying dysfunction of mitochondria: (i) decreased mitochondrial respiration; (ii) changes in mitochondrial morphology; (iii) increases in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms and in levels of mtDNA mutations; (iv) downregulation of nuclear mRNA molecules and proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration; (v) decreased high-energy phosphates and decreased pH in the brain; and (vi) psychotic and affective symptoms, and cognitive decline in mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, transgenic mice with mutated mitochondrial DNA polymerase show mood disorder-like phenotypes. In this review, we will discuss the genetic and physiological components of mitochondria and the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in BPD and SZ. We will furthermore describe the role of mitochondria during brain development and the effect of current drugs for mental illness on mitochondrial function. Understanding the role of mitochondria, both developmentally as well as in the ailing brain, is of critical importance to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley B Clay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Scaglia F. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:136-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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Freitas TP, Scaini G, Corrêa C, Santos PM, Ferreira GK, Rezin GT, Moretti M, Valvassori SS, Quevedo J, Streck EL. Evaluation of brain creatine kinase activity in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:149-53. [PMID: 19911114 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and severe mood disorder associated with higher rates of suicide and disability. The development of new animal models, and the investigation employing those available have extensively contributed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of BD. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ouabain, a specific Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor, has been used as an animal model for BD. It has been demonstrated that Na+,K+-ATPase is altered in psychiatric disorders, especially BD. Creatine kinase (CK) is important for brain energy homeostasis by exerting several integrated functions. In the present study,we evaluated CK activity in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats subjected to i.c.v. administration of ouabain. Adult male Wistar rats received a single i.c.v. administration of ouabain (10(-2) and 10(-3) M) or vehicle (control group). Locomotor activity was measured using the open field test. CK activity was measured in the brain of rats immediately (1 h) and 7 days after ouabain administration. Our results showed that spontaneous locomotion was increased 1 h after ouabain administration and that hyperlocomotion was also observed 7 days after that.Moreover, CK activity was inhibited immediately after the administration of ouabain in the striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the enzyme was not affected in the striatum and hippocampus 7 days after ouabain administration. On the other hand, an inhibition in CK activity in the prefrontal cortex was observed. If inhibition of CK also occurs in BD patients, it will be tempting to speculate that the reduction of brain metabolism may be related probably to the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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48
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is increasingly recognized as a neuropathological disorder characterized by reductions in grey matter (GM) volume, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuronal and postmortem glial cell changes. Here, we use an anatomical framework to discuss the neurobiology of BPD, focusing on individual components of the "visceromotor network" that regulates bodily homeostasis along with neurophysiological and neuroendocrine responses to stress. MRI-defined reductions in GM volume, combined with neuronal changes, are observed in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of individuals with BPD, while postmortem glial cell loss is also a characteristic of Brodmann's Area 9. Both postmortem neuronal loss and reduced GM volume have been reported in the amygdala and hippocampus. These structural changes to components of the visceromotor network are associated with increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) or blood oxygenated level-dependent (BOLD) activity in response to affective or rewarding stimuli, raising the possibility that the BPD-associated structural changes are secondary to a glutamate-driven excitotoxic process.
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49
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Harris LW, Lockstone HE, Khaitovich P, Weickert CS, Webster MJ, Bahn S. Gene expression in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence: implications for the onset of schizophrenia. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:28. [PMID: 19457239 PMCID: PMC2694209 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many critical maturational processes take place in the human brain during postnatal development. In particular, the prefrontal cortex does not reach maturation until late adolescence and this stage is associated with substantial white matter volume increases. Patients with schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders tend to first present with overt symptoms during late adolescence/early adulthood and it has been proposed that this developmental stage represents a "window of vulnerability". Methods In this study we used whole genome microarrays to measure gene expression in post mortem prefrontal cortex tissue from human individuals ranging in age from 0 to 49 years. To identify genes specifically altered in the late adolescent period, we applied a template matching procedure. Genes were identified which showed a significant correlation to a template showing a peak of expression between ages 15 and 25. Results Approximately 2000 genes displayed an expression pattern that was significantly correlated (positively or negatively) with the template. In the majority of cases, these genes in fact reached a plateau during adolescence with only subtle changes thereafter. These include a number of genes previously associated with schizophrenia including the susceptibility gene neuregulin 1 (NRG1). Functional profiling revealed peak expression in late adolescence for genes associated with energy metabolism and protein and lipid synthesis, together with decreases for genes involved in glutamate and neuropeptide signalling and neuronal development/plasticity. Strikingly, eight myelin-related genes previously found decreased in schizophrenia brain tissue showed a peak in their expression levels in late adolescence, while the single myelin gene reported increased in patients with schizophrenia was decreased in late adolescence. Conclusion The observed changes imply that molecular mechanisms critical for adolescent brain development are disturbed in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Harris
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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50
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Chepenik LG, Fredericks C, Papademetris X, Spencer L, Lacadie C, Wang F, Pittman B, Duncan JS, Staib LH, Duman RS, Gelernter J, Blumberg HP. Effects of the brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor val66met variation on hippocampus morphology in bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:944-51. [PMID: 18704093 PMCID: PMC2837582 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Histological and behavioral research in bipolar disorder (BD) implicates structural abnormalities in the hippocampus. Brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) protein is associated with hippocampal development and plasticity, and in mood disorder pathophysiology. We tested the hypotheses that both the BDNF val66met polymorphism and BD diagnosis are associated with decreased hippocampus volume, and that individuals with BD who carry the met allele have the smallest hippocampus volumes compared to individuals without BD and val/val homozygotes. We further explored localization of morphological differences within hippocampus in BD associated with the met allele. Twenty individuals with BD and 18 healthy comparison (HC) subjects participated in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans from which hippocampus volumes were defined and measured. We used linear mixed model analysis to study effects of diagnosis and BDNF genotype on hippocampus volumes. We then employed three-dimensional mapping to localize areas of change within the hippocampus associated with the BDNF met allele in BD. We found that hippocampus volumes were significantly smaller in BD compared to HC subjects, and presence of the BDNF met allele was associated with smaller hippocampus volume in both diagnostic groups. The BD subgroup who carried the BDNF met allele had the smallest hippocampus volumes, and three-dimensional mapping identified these decreases as most prominent in left anterior hippocampus. These results support effects of BD diagnosis and BDNF genotype on hippocampus structure and suggest a genetic subgroup within BD who may be most vulnerable to deficits in hippocampus and may most benefit from interventions that influence BDNF-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G. Chepenik
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven CT
| | - Carolyn Fredericks
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Linda Spencer
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven CT
| | - Cheryl Lacadie
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Fei Wang
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven CT
| | - Brian Pittman
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - James S. Duncan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Lawrence H. Staib
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven CT
| | - Hilary P. Blumberg
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven CT
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