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Olędzki R, Lutosławski K, Nowicka P, Wojdyło A, Harasym J. Non-Commercial Grapevines Hybrids Fruits as a Novel Food of High Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152216. [PMID: 35892801 PMCID: PMC9331472 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-commercial hybrid grapevine cultivars, usually used for dessert purposes or as ornamental garden plants, may contain a wealth of bioactive substances and thus can be regarded as highly valuable food resources. Antioxidant properties and selected groups of polyphenolic components in the three fractions of fruits: peel, pulp and juice; of five hybrid grape cultivars grown in Poland—Michigan, Alwood, Minnesota, V68021 and Beta—were analyzed and characterized. The liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-PDA-Q/TOF and UPLC-PDA), total polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins, and DPPH, ABTS and FRAP were used for evaluation of antioxidant potential qualitatively and quantitatively as well as simple reductive sugars were measured. The antioxidant activity and polyphenols content depend mainly on the grape fruit fraction, while they depend to a lesser extent on the cultivar of the hybrid grapes studied. It was confirmed that grape skins are characterized by high antioxidant activity and their bioactive characteristics are similar to many hybrid grape cultivars grown in southern and Mediterranean regions of Europe. Especially grape skins of Alwood and Beta cultivars were characterized by a particularly high content of polyphenolic compounds, mainly from the flavonoid and anthocyanin group and a low content of simple sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Olędzki
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator-Science Centre, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lutosławski
- Department of Process Management, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (P.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (P.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator-Science Centre, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
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2
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Pouca CV, Vedder S, Kotrschal A. Hybridization may promote variation in cognitive phenotypes in experimental guppy hybrids. Am Nat 2022; 200:607-619. [DOI: 10.1086/720731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Park JS, Jin DP, Choi BH. Insights into genomic structure and evolutionary processes of coastal Suaeda species in East Asia using cpDNA, nDNA, and genome-wide SNPs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20950. [PMID: 33262390 PMCID: PMC7708624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Species in the genus Suaeda have few diagnostic characters and substantial morphological plasticity. Hence, regional floras do not provide clear taxonomic information for Suaeda spp. in East Asia. In order to assess the taxonomy of four species in the genus Suaeda (S. australis, S. maritima, S. japonica, and S. heteroptera), cpDNA (rpl32-trnL and trnH-psbA), nDNA (ITS), and MIG-seq analyses were carried out. Genome-wide SNP results indicated three lineages: (1) S. australis in Korea and S. maritima in Japan, (2) S. maritima in Korea and S. heteroptera in China, and (3) S. japionica. In phylogenetic trees and genotype analyses, cpDNA and nDNA results showed discrepancies, while S. japonica and S. maritima in Korea, and S. heteroptera in China shared the same haplotype and ribotype. We suggest that the shared haplotype may be due to chloroplast capture. Based on our results, we assume that S. japonica was formed by homoploid hybrid speciation between the two lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Soo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Pil Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Robinson TB, Martin N, Loureiro TG, Matikinca P, Robertson MP. Double trouble: the implications of climate change for biological invasions. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.55729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The implications of climate change for biological invasions are multifaceted and vary along the invasion process. Changes in vectors and pathways are likely to manifest in changes in transport routes and destinations, together with altered transit times and traffic volume. Ultimately, changes in the nature of why, how, and where biota are transported and introduced will pose biosecurity challenges. These challenges will require increased human and institutional capacity, as well as proactive responses such as improved early detection, adaptation of present protocols and innovative legal instruments. Invasion success and spread are expected to be moderated by the physiological response of alien and native biota to environmental changes and the ensuing changes in biotic interactions. These in turn will likely affect management actions aimed at eradicating, containing, and mitigating invasions, necessitating an adaptive approach to management that is sensitive to potentially unanticipated outcomes.
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5
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Feller AF, Selz OM, McGee MD, Meier JI, Mwaiko S, Seehausen O. Rapid generation of ecologically relevant behavioral novelty in experimental cichlid hybrids. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7445-7462. [PMID: 32760540 PMCID: PMC7391563 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The East African cichlid radiations are characterized by repeated and rapid diversification into many distinct species with different ecological specializations and by a history of hybridization events between nonsister species. Such hybridization might provide important fuel for adaptive radiation. Interspecific hybrids can have extreme trait values or novel trait combinations and such transgressive phenotypes may allow some hybrids to explore ecological niches neither of the parental species could tap into. Here, we investigate the potential of second-generation (F2) hybrids between two generalist cichlid species from Lake Malawi to exploit a resource neither parental species is specialized on: feeding by sifting sand. Some of the F2 hybrids phenotypically resembled fish of species that are specialized on sand sifting. We combined experimental behavioral and morphometric approaches to test whether the F2 hybrids are transgressive in both morphology and behavior related to sand sifting. We then performed a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using RADseq markers to investigate the genetic architecture of morphological and behavioral traits. We show that transgression is present in several morphological traits, that novel trait combinations occur, and we observe transgressive trait values in sand sifting behavior in some of the F2 hybrids. Moreover, we find QTLs for morphology and for sand sifting behavior, suggesting the existence of some loci with moderate to large effects. We demonstrate that hybridization has the potential to rapidly generate novel and ecologically relevant phenotypes that may be suited to a niche neither of the parental species occupies. Interspecific hybridization may thereby contribute to the rapid generation of ecological diversity in cichlid radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F. Feller
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and EvolutionInstitute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionCentre of Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Oliver M. Selz
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionCentre of Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Matthew D. McGee
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionCentre of Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Joana I. Meier
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and EvolutionInstitute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionCentre of Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- St John’s CollegeUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Salome Mwaiko
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionCentre of Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and EvolutionInstitute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionCentre of Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
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6
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Huang K, Andrew RL, Owens GL, Ostevik KL, Rieseberg LH. Multiple chromosomal inversions contribute to adaptive divergence of a dune sunflower ecotype. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2535-2549. [PMID: 32246540 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both models and case studies suggest that chromosomal inversions can facilitate adaptation and speciation in the presence of gene flow by suppressing recombination between locally adapted alleles. Until recently, however, it has been laborious and time-consuming to identify and genotype inversions in natural populations. Here we apply RAD sequencing data and newly developed population genomic approaches to identify putative inversions that differentiate a sand dune ecotype of the prairie sunflower (Helianthus petiolaris) from populations found on the adjacent sand sheet. We detected seven large genomic regions that exhibit a different population structure than the rest of the genome and that vary in frequency between dune and nondune populations. These regions also show high linkage disequilibrium and high heterozygosity between, but not within, arrangements, consistent with the behaviour of large inversions, an inference subsequently validated in part by comparative genetic mapping. Genome-environment association analyses show that key environmental variables, including vegetation cover and soil nitrogen, are significantly associated with inversions. The inversions colocate with previously described "islands of differentiation," and appear to play an important role in adaptive divergence and incipient speciation within H. petiolaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichi Huang
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rose L Andrew
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory L Owens
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kate L Ostevik
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Selz OM, Seehausen O. Interspecific hybridization can generate functional novelty in cichlid fish. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191621. [PMID: 31640510 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of interspecific hybridization in evolution is still being debated. Interspecific hybridization has been suggested to facilitate the evolution of ecological novelty, and hence the invasion of new niches and adaptive radiation when ecological opportunity is present beyond the parental species niches. On the other hand, hybrids between two ecologically divergent species may perform less well than parental species in their respective niches because hybrids would be intermediate in performance in both niches. The evolutionary consequences of hybridization may hence be context-dependent, depending on whether ecological opportunities, beyond those of the parental species, do or do not exist. Surprisingly, these complementary predictions may never have been tested in the same experiment in animals. To do so, we investigate if hybrids between ecologically distinct cichlid species perform less well than the parental species when feeding on food either parent is adapted to, and if the same hybrids perform better than their parents when feeding on food none of the species are adapted to. We generated two first-generation hybrid crosses between species of African cichlids. In feeding efficiency experiments we measured the performance of hybrids and parental species on food types representing both parental species niches and additional 'novel' niches, not used by either of the parental species but by other species in the African cichlid radiations. We found that hybrids can have higher feeding efficiencies on the 'novel' food types but typically have lower efficiencies on parental food types when compared to parental species. This suggests that hybridization can generate functional variation that can be of ecological relevance allowing the access to resources outside of either parental species niche. Hence, we provide support for the hypothesis of ecological context-dependency of the evolutionary impact of interspecific hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Selz
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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8
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White OW, Reyes-Betancort A, Chapman MA, Carine MA. Independent homoploid hybrid speciation events in the Macaronesian endemic genus Argyranthemum. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4856-4874. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. White
- Algae, Fungi and Plants Division; Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London UK
- Biological Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | | | - Mark A. Chapman
- Biological Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - Mark A. Carine
- Algae, Fungi and Plants Division; Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London UK
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9
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Ostevik KL, Andrew RL, Otto SP, Rieseberg LH. Multiple reproductive barriers separate recently diverged sunflower ecotypes. Evolution 2016; 70:2322-2335. [PMID: 27479368 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Measuring reproductive barriers between groups of organisms is an effective way to determine the traits and mechanisms that impede gene flow. However, to understand the ecological and evolutionary factors that drive speciation, it is important to distinguish between the barriers that arise early in the speciation process and those that arise after speciation is largely complete. In this article, we comprehensively test for reproductive isolation between recently diverged (<10,000 years bp) dune and nondune ecotypes of the prairie sunflower, Helianthus petiolaris. We find reproductive barriers acting at multiple stages of hybridization, including premating, postmating-prezygotic, and postzygotic barriers, despite the recent divergence. Barriers include extrinsic selection against immigrants and hybrids, a shift in pollinator assemblage, and postpollination assortative mating. Together, these data suggest that multiple barriers can be important for reducing gene flow in the earliest stages of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Ostevik
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Rose L Andrew
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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10
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Hwang AS, Pritchard VL, Edmands S. Recovery from hybrid breakdown in a marine invertebrate is faster, stronger and more repeatable under environmental stress. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1793-803. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - V. L. Pritchard
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - S. Edmands
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
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11
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Bunbury-Blanchette AL, Freeland JR, Dorken ME. Hybrid Typha×glauca outperforms native T. latifolia under contrasting water depths in a common garden. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Jackiw RN, Mandil G, Hager HA. A framework to guide the conservation of species hybrids based on ethical and ecological considerations. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:1040-1051. [PMID: 25976359 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Species hybrids have long been undervalued in conservation and are often perceived as a threat to pure species. Recently, the conservation value of hybrids, especially those of natural origin, has gained recognition; however, hybrid conservation remains controversial. We reviewed hybrid management policies, including laws, regulations, and management protocols, from a variety of organizations, primarily in Canada and the United States. We found that many policies are based on limited ethical and ecological considerations and provide little opportunity for hybrid conservation. In most policies, hybrids are either unrepresented or considered a threat to conservation goals. This is problematic because our review of the hybrid conservation literature identified many ethical and ecological considerations relevant to determining the conservation value of a hybrid, all of which are management-context specific. We also noted a lack of discussion of the ethical considerations regarding hybrid conservation. Based on these findings, we created a policy framework outlining situations in which hybrids could be eligible for conservation in Canada and the United States. The framework comprises a decision tree that helps users determine whether a hybrid should be eligible for conservation based on multiple ecological and ethical considerations. The framework may be applied to any hybrid and is flexible in that it accommodates context-specific management by allowing different options if a hybrid is a threat to or could benefit conservation goals. The framework can inform policy makers and conservationists in decision-making processes regarding hybrid conservation by providing a systematic set of decision criteria and guidance on additional criteria to be considered in cases of uncertainty, and it fills a policy gap that limits current hybrid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeya N Jackiw
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ghada Mandil
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Heather A Hager
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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13
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14
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Cannon CH, Lerdau M. Variable mating behaviors and the maintenance of tropical biodiversity. Front Genet 2015; 6:183. [PMID: 26042148 PMCID: PMC4437050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theoretical studies on mechanisms promoting species co-existence in diverse communities assume that species are fixed in their mating behavior. Each species is a discrete evolutionary unit, even though most empirical evidence indicates that inter-specific gene flow occurs in plant and animal groups. Here, in a data-driven meta-community model of species co-existence, we allow mating behavior to respond to local species composition and abundance. While individuals primarily out-cross, species maintain a diminished capacity for selfing and hybridization. Mate choice is treated as a variable behavior, which responds to intrinsic traits determining mate choice and the density and availability of sympatric inter-fertile individuals. When mate choice is strongly limited, even low survivorship of selfed offspring can prevent extinction of rare species. With increasing mate choice, low hybridization success rates maintain community level diversity for extended periods of time. In high diversity tropical tree communities, competition among sympatric congeneric species is negligible, because direct spatial proximity with close relatives is infrequent. Therefore, the genomic donorship presents little cost. By incorporating variable mating behavior into evolutionary models of diversification, we also discuss how participation in a syngameon may be selectively advantageous. We view this behavior as a genomic mutualism, where maintenance of genomic structure and diminished inter-fertility, allows each species in the syngameon to benefit from a greater effective population size during episodes of selective disadvantage. Rare species would play a particularly important role in these syngameons as they are more likely to produce heterospecific crosses and transgressive phenotypes. We propose that inter-specific gene flow can play a critical role by allowing genomic mutualists to avoid extinction and gain local adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Cannon
- Key Lab in Tropical Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Lerdau
- Key Lab in Tropical Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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15
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Mimura M, Mishima M, Lascoux M, Yahara T. Range shift and introgression of the rear and leading populations in two ecologically distinct Rubus species. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 2014:209. [PMID: 25344198 PMCID: PMC4221717 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The margins of a species’ range might be located at the margins of a species’ niche, and in such cases, can be highly vulnerable to climate changes. They, however, may also undergo significant evolutionary changes due to drastic population dynamics in response to climate changes, which may increase the chances of isolation and contact among species. Such species interactions induced by climate changes could then regulate or facilitate further responses to climatic changes. We hypothesized that climate changes lead to species contacts and subsequent genetic exchanges due to differences in population dynamics at the species boundaries. We sampled two closely related Rubus species, one temperate (Rubus palmatus) and the other subtropical (R. grayanus) near their joint species boundaries in southern Japan. Coalescent analysis, based on molecular data and ecological niche modelling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), were used to infer past population dynamics. At the contact zones on Yakushima (Yaku Island), where the two species are parapatrically distributed, we tested hybridization along altitudinal gradients. Results Coalescent analysis suggested that the southernmost populations of R. palmatus predated the LGM (~20,000 ya). Conversely, populations at the current northern limit of R. grayanus diverged relatively recently and likely represent young outposts of a northbound range shift. These population dynamics were partly supported by the ensemble forecasting of six different species distribution models. Both past and ongoing hybridizations were detected near and on Yakushima. Backcrosses and advanced-generation hybrids likely generated the clinal hybrid zones along altitudinal gradients on the island where the two species are currently parapatrically distributed. Conclusions Climate oscillations during the Quaternary Period and the response of a species in range shifts likely led to repeated contacts with the gene pools of ecologically distinct relatives. Such species interactions, induced by climate changes, may bring new genetic material to the marginal populations where species tend to experience more extreme climatic conditions at the margins of the species distribution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0209-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Crawford DJ, Doyle JJ, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Wendel JF. Contemporary and future studies in plant speciation, morphological/floral evolution and polyploidy: honouring the scientific contributions of Leslie D. Gottlieb to plant evolutionary biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130341. [PMID: 24958916 PMCID: PMC4071516 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Crawford
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Doyle
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 17 32611, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 17 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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17
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Xing F, Mao JF, Meng J, Dai J, Zhao W, Liu H, Xing Z, Zhang H, Wang XR, Li Y. Needle morphological evidence of the homoploid hybrid origin of Pinus densata based on analysis of artificial hybrids and the putative parents, Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus yunnanensis. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1890-902. [PMID: 24963383 PMCID: PMC4063482 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses indicate that Pinus densata is a natural homoploid hybrid originating from Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus yunnanensis. Needle morphological and anatomical features show relative species stability and can be used to identify coniferous species. Comparative analyses of these needle characteristics and phenotypic differences between the artificial hybrids, P. densata, and parental species can be used to determine the genetic and phenotypic evolutionary consequences of natural hybridization. Twelve artificial hybrid families, the two parental species, and P. densata were seeded in a high-altitude habitat in Linzhi, Tibet. The needles of artificial hybrids and the three pine species were collected, and 24 needle morphological and anatomical traits were analyzed. Based on these results, variations in 10 needle traits among artificial hybrid families and 22 traits among species and artificial hybrids were predicted and found to be under moderate genetic control. Nineteen needle traits in artificial hybrids were similar to those in P. densata and between the two parental species, P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensis. The ratio of plants with three needle clusters in artificial hybrids was 22.92%, which was very similar to P. densata. The eight needle traits (needle length, the mean number of stomata in sections 2 mm in length of the convex and flat sides of the needle, mean stomatal density, mesophyll/vascular bundle area ratio, mesophyll/resin canal area ratio, mesophyll/(resin canals and vascular bundles) area ratio, vascular bundle/resin canal area ratio) relative to physiological adaptability were similar to the artificial hybrids and P. densata. The similar needle features between the artificial hybrids and P. densata could be used to verify the homoploid hybrid origin of P. densata and helps to better understand of the hybridization roles in adaptation and speciation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqian Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingxiang Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, 100093, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, College of agriculture and animal husbandry of Tibet UniversityLinzhi, 860000, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- College of Resources and Environment, College of agriculture and animal husbandry of Tibet UniversityLinzhi, 860000, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, College of agriculture and animal husbandry of Tibet UniversityLinzhi, 860000, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, 100083, China
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå UniversitySE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, 100083, China
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Cox MP, Dong T, Shen G, Dalvi Y, Scott DB, Ganley ARD. An interspecific fungal hybrid reveals cross-kingdom rules for allopolyploid gene expression patterns. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004180. [PMID: 24603805 PMCID: PMC3945203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy, a state in which the chromosome complement has undergone an increase, is a major force in evolution. Understanding the consequences of polyploidy has received much attention, and allopolyploids, which result from the union of two different parental genomes, are of particular interest because they must overcome a suite of biological responses to this merger, known as “genome shock.” A key question is what happens to gene expression of the two gene copies following allopolyploidization, but until recently the tools to answer this question on a genome-wide basis were lacking. Here we utilize high throughput transcriptome sequencing to produce the first genome-wide picture of gene expression response to allopolyploidy in fungi. A novel pipeline for assigning sequence reads to the gene copies was used to quantify their expression in a fungal allopolyploid. We find that the transcriptional response to allopolyploidy is predominantly conservative: both copies of most genes are retained; over half the genes inherit parental gene expression patterns; and parental differential expression is often lost in the allopolyploid. Strikingly, the patterns of gene expression change are highly concordant with the genome-wide expression results of a cotton allopolyploid. The very different nature of these two allopolyploids implies a conserved, eukaryote-wide transcriptional response to genome merger. We provide evidence that the transcriptional responses we observe are mostly driven by intrinsic differences between the regulatory systems in the parent species, and from this propose a mechanistic model in which the cross-kingdom conservation in transcriptional response reflects conservation of the mutational processes underlying eukaryotic gene regulatory evolution. This work provides a platform to develop a universal understanding of gene expression response to allopolyploidy and suggests that allopolyploids are an exceptional system to investigate gene regulatory changes that have evolved in the parental species prior to allopolyploidization. Organisms are complex biological systems that must continue to function even as their genomes evolve. While evolution is usually gradual, the formation of new species by the hybridization of different parents—allopolyploidization—occurs nearly instantaneously. A key question is what happens to expression of the two parental gene copies following genome merger. To determine this, we focused on a fungal allopolyploid from a group that dominates many of the world's pastoral economies. To investigate the fate of gene expression in this system, we developed a novel pipeline to assign high throughput RNA sequence reads to the two parental gene copies, thus allowing quantification of expression. We found transcriptional responses to be predominantly conservative: most gene copies either inherit parental expression patterns, or if differentially expressed in the parents, that difference is lost in the hybrid. Moreover, we identified an extraordinary level of concordance in the fate of genome-wide allopolyploid gene expression with that seen in cotton. The very different nature of these two allopolyploids suggests that there is a set of universal rules for the transcriptional response to genome merger. We propose a mechanistic model whereby this conserved response reflects similarities in mutational processes that underlie gene regulatory evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray P. Cox
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (MPC); (ARDG)
| | - Ting Dong
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - GengGeng Shen
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yogesh Dalvi
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D. Barry Scott
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Austen R. D. Ganley
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (MPC); (ARDG)
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Brouillette LC, Mason CM, Shirk RY, Donovan LA. Adaptive differentiation of traits related to resource use in a desert annual along a resource gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1316-1327. [PMID: 24325125 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
• Plant resource-use traits are generally hypothesized to be adaptively differentiated for populations distributed along resource gradients. Although nutrient limitations are expected to select for resource-conservative strategies, water limitations may select for either resource-conservative or -acquisitive strategies. We test whether population differentiation reflects local adaptation for traits associated with resource-use strategies in a desert annual (Helianthus anomalus) distributed along a gradient of positively covarying water and nutrient availability. • We compared quantitative trait variation (Q(ST)) with neutral genetic differentiation (F(ST)), in a common garden glasshouse study, for leaf economics spectrum (LES) and related traits: photosynthesis (A(mass), A(area)), leaf nitrogen (N(mass), N(area)), leaf lifetime (LL), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf water content (LWC), water-use efficiency (WUE, estimated as δ(13)C) and days to first flower (DFF). • Q(ST)-F(ST) differences support adaptive differentiation for Amass , N(mass), N(area), LWC and DFF. The trait combinations associated with drier and lower fertility sites represent correlated trait evolution consistent with the more resource-acquisitive end of the LES. There was no evidence for adaptive differentiation for A(area), LMA and WUE. • These results demonstrate that hot dry environments can selectively favor correlated evolution of traits contributing to a resource-acquisitive and earlier reproduction 'escape' strategy, despite lower fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry C Brouillette
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chase M Mason
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Shirk
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lisa A Donovan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Curry CM, Patten MA. Current and Historical Extent of Phenotypic Variation in the Tufted and Black-crested Titmouse (Paridae) Hybrid Zone in the Southern Great Plains. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-171.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Williams WI, Friedman JM, Gaskin JF, Norton AP. Hybridization of an invasive shrub affects tolerance and resistance to defoliation by a biological control agent. Evol Appl 2014; 7:381-93. [PMID: 24665340 PMCID: PMC3962298 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution has contributed to the successful invasion of exotic plant species in their introduced ranges, but how evolution affects particular control strategies is still under evaluation. For instance, classical biological control, a common strategy involving the utilization of highly specific natural enemies to control exotic pests, may be negatively affected by host hybridization because of shifts in plant traits, such as root allocation or chemical constituents. We investigated introgression between two parent species of the invasive shrub tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in the western United States, and how differences in plant traits affect interactions with a biological control agent. Introgression varied strongly with latitude of origin and was highly correlated with plant performance. Increased levels of T. ramosissima introgression resulted in both higher investment in roots and tolerance to defoliation and less resistance to insect attack. Because tamarisk hybridization occurs predictably on the western U.S. landscape, managers may be able to exploit this information to maximize control efforts. Genetic differentiation in plant traits in this system underpins the importance of plant hybridization and may explain why some biological control releases are more successful than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt I Williams
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA ; Oregon Department of Forestry, Private Forests Division Salem, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew P Norton
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
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22
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Brothers AN, Barb JG, Ballerini ES, Drury DW, Knapp SJ, Arnold ML. Genetic Architecture of Floral Traits in Iris hexagona and Iris fulva. J Hered 2013; 104:853-61. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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23
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Hughes KW, Petersen RH, Lodge DJ, Bergemann SE, Baumgartner K, Tulloss RE, Lickey E, Cifuentes J. Evolutionary consequences of putative intra-and interspecific hybridization in agaric fungi. Mycologia 2013; 105:1577-94. [PMID: 23928423 DOI: 10.3852/13-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Agaric fungi of the southern Appalachian Mountains including Great Smoky Mountains National Park are often heterozygous for the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) with >42% of collections showing some heterozygosity for indels and/or base-pair substitutions. For these collections, intra-individual haplotype divergence is typically less than 2%, but for 3% of these collections intra-individual haplotype divergence exceeds that figure. We hypothesize that high intra-individual haplotype divergence is due to hybridization between agaric fungi with divergent haplotypes, possibly migrants from geographically isolated glacial refugia. Four species with relatively high haplotype divergence were examined: Armillaria mellea, Amanita citrina f. lavendula, Gymnopus dichrous and the Hygrocybe flavescens/chlorophana complex. The ITS region was sequenced, haplotypes of heterozygotes were resolved through cloning, and phylogenetic analyses were used to determine the outcome of hybridization events. Within Armillaria mellea and Amanita citrina f. lavendula, we found evidence of interbreeding and recombination. Within G. dichrous and H. flavescens/chlorophana, hybrids were identified but there was no evidence for F2 or higher progeny in natural populations suggesting that the hybrid fruitbodies might be an evolutionary dead end and that the genetically divergent Mendelian populations from which they were derived are, in fact, different species. The association between ITS haplotype divergence of less than 5% (Armillaria mellea = 2.6% excluding gaps; Amanita citrina f. lavendula = 3.3%) with the presence of putative recombinants and greater than 5% (Gymnopus dichrous = 5.7%; Hygrocybe flavescens/chlorophana = 14.1%) with apparent failure of F1 hybrids to produce F2 or higher progeny in populations may suggest a correlation between genetic distance and reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Hughes
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1100
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Ballerini ES, Brothers AN, Tang S, Knapp SJ, Bouck A, Taylor SJ, Arnold ML, Martin NH. QTL mapping reveals the genetic architecture of loci affecting pre- and post-zygotic isolating barriers in Louisiana Iris. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:91. [PMID: 22702308 PMCID: PMC3490880 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybridization among Louisiana Irises has been well established and the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation is known to affect the potential for and the directionality of introgression between taxa. Here we use co-dominant markers to identify regions where QTL are located both within and between backcross maps to compare the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and fitness traits across treatments and years. RESULTS QTL mapping was used to elucidate the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation between Iris fulva and Iris brevicaulis. Homologous co-dominant EST-SSR markers scored in two backcross populations between I. fulva and I. brevicaulis were used to generate genetic linkage maps. These were used as the framework for mapping QTL associated with variation in 11 phenotypic traits likely responsible for reproductive isolation and fitness. QTL were dispersed throughout the genome, with the exception of one region of a single linkage group (LG) where QTL for flowering time, sterility, and fruit production clustered. In most cases, homologous QTL were not identified in both backcross populations, however, homologous QTL for flowering time, number of growth points per rhizome, number of nodes per inflorescence, and number of flowers per node were identified on several linkage groups. CONCLUSIONS Two different traits affecting reproductive isolation, flowering time and sterility, exhibit different genetic architectures, with numerous QTL across the Iris genome controlling flowering time and fewer, less distributed QTL affecting sterility. QTL for traits affecting fitness are largely distributed across the genome with occasional overlap, especially on LG 4, where several QTL increasing fitness and decreasing sterility cluster. Given the distribution and effect direction of QTL affecting reproductive isolation and fitness, we have predicted genomic regions where introgression may be more likely to occur (those regions associated with an increase in fitness and unlinked to loci controlling reproductive isolation) and those that are less likely to exhibit introgression (those regions linked to traits decreasing fitness and reproductive isolation).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunni J Taylor
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | | | - Noland H Martin
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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25
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ANDREW ROSEL, OSTEVIK KATHERINEL, EBERT DANIELP, RIESEBERG LORENH. Adaptation with gene flow across the landscape in a dune sunflower. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:2078-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Sambatti JB, Strasburg JL, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Baack EJ, Rieseberg LH. RECONCILING EXTREMELY STRONG BARRIERS WITH HIGH LEVELS OF GENE EXCHANGE IN ANNUAL SUNFLOWERS. Evolution 2012; 66:1459-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Taylor SJ, Willard RW, Shaw JP, Dobson MC, Martin NH. Differential response of the homoploid hybrid species Iris nelsonii (Iridaceae) and its progenitors to abiotic habitat conditions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1309-1316. [PMID: 21821591 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Homoploid hybrid speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation between a hybrid lineage and its progenitors without a change in chromosome number. Ecological divergence presumably plays a large role in the stabilization of hybrid lineages, as all homoploid hybrid species described to date are reported to be ecologically divergent from their progenitors. However, the described ecological divergence in most systems is anecdotal and has not been empirically tested. METHODS We assessed the vegetative response of Iris nelsonii, a homoploid hybrid species, and its three progenitor species, I. brevicaulis, I. fulva, and I. hexagona, to different abiotic conditions (i.e., varied sunlight availability and flooding conditions) that largely characterize the habitats of these four species in their natural habitats in Louisiana, USA. KEY RESULTS The species differed in their responses to the water-level treatment for many of the response variables, including rhizome weight, ramet growth, plant height, and two principal components used to characterize the data. The species differed in their response to the light-level treatment for root allocation and the principal component used to characterize plant size. Iris nelsonii significantly differed from its progenitors, including its most closely related progenitor species, in response to many of the treatments. CONCLUSIONS The differential response to abiotic habitat conditions of I. nelsonii suggests that this species is ecologically divergent from its progenitor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunni J Taylor
- Department of Biology, Texas State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA.
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Kawakami T, Dhakal P, Katterhenry AN, Heatherington CA, Ungerer MC. Transposable element proliferation and genome expansion are rare in contemporary sunflower hybrid populations despite widespread transcriptional activity of LTR retrotransposons. Genome Biol Evol 2011; 3:156-67. [PMID: 21282712 PMCID: PMC3048363 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evr005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is a natural phenomenon that has been linked in several organismal groups to transposable element derepression and copy number amplification. A noteworthy example involves three diploid annual sunflower species from North America that have arisen via ancient hybridization between the same two parental taxa, Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris. The genomes of the hybrid species have undergone large-scale increases in genome size attributable to long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon proliferation. The parental species that gave rise to the hybrid taxa are widely distributed, often sympatric, and contemporary hybridization between them is common. Natural H. annuus × H. petiolaris hybrid populations likely served as source populations from which the hybrid species arose and, as such, represent excellent natural experiments for examining the potential role of hybridization in transposable element derepression and proliferation in this group. In the current report, we examine multiple H. annuus × H. petiolaris hybrid populations for evidence of genome expansion, LTR retrotransposon copy number increases, and LTR retrotransposon transcriptional activity. We demonstrate that genome expansion and LTR retrotransposon proliferation are rare in contemporary hybrid populations, despite independent proliferation events that took place in the genomes of the ancient hybrid species. Interestingly, LTR retrotransposon lineages that proliferated in the hybrid species genomes remain transcriptionally active in hybrid and nonhybrid genotypes across the entire sampling area. The finding of transcriptional activity but not copy number increases in hybrid genotypes suggests that proliferation and genome expansion in contemporary hybrid populations may be mitigated by posttranscriptional mechanisms of repression.
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Brouillette LC, Donovan LA. Nitrogen stress response of a hybrid species: a gene expression study. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:101-8. [PMID: 20947669 PMCID: PMC3002466 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low soil fertility limits growth and productivity in many natural and agricultural systems, where the ability to sense and respond to nutrient limitation is important for success. Helianthus anomalus is an annual sunflower of hybrid origin that is adapted to desert sand-dune substrates with lower fertility than its parental species, H. annuus and H. petiolaris. Previous studies have shown that H. anomalus has traits generally associated with adaptation to low-fertility habitats, including a lower inherent relative growth rate and longer leaf lifetime. METHODS Here, a cDNA microarray is used to identify gene expression differences that potentially contribute to increased tolerance of low fertility of the hybrid species by comparing the nitrogen stress response of all three species with high- and low-nutrient treatments. KEY RESULTS Relative to the set of genes on the microarray, the genes showing differential expression in the hybrid species compared with its parents are enriched in stress-response genes, developmental genes, and genes involved in responses to biotic or abiotic stimuli. After a correction for multiple comparisons, five unique genes show a significantly different response to nitrogen limitation in H. anomalus compared with H. petiolaris and H. annuus. The Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of one of the five genes, catalase 1, has been shown to affect the timing of leaf senescence, and thus leaf lifespan. CONCLUSIONS The five genes identified in this analysis will be examined further as candidate genes for the adaptive stress response in H. anomalus. Genes that improve growth and productivity under nutrient stress could be used to improve crops for lower soil fertility which is common in marginal agricultural settings.
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Gündüz I, Pollock CL, Giménez MD, Förster DW, White TA, Sans-Fuentes MA, Hauffe HC, Ventura J, López-Fuster MJ, Searle JB. Staggered chromosomal hybrid zones in the house mouse: relevance to reticulate evolution and speciation. Genes (Basel) 2010; 1:193-209. [PMID: 24710041 PMCID: PMC3954089 DOI: 10.3390/genes1020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the house mouse there are numerous chromosomal races distinguished by different combinations of metacentric chromosomes. These may come into contact with each other and with the ancestral all-acrocentric race, and form hybrid zones. The chromosomal clines that make up these hybrid zones may be coincident or separated from each other (staggered). Such staggered hybrid zones are interesting because they may include populations of individuals homozygous for a mix of features of the hybridising races. We review the characteristics of four staggered hybrid zones in the house mouse and discuss whether they are examples of primary or secondary contact and whether they represent reticulate evolution or not. However, the most important aspect of staggered hybrid zones is that the homozygous populations within the zones have the potential to expand their distributions and become new races (a process termed 'zonal raciation'). In this way they can add to the total 'stock' of chromosomal races in the species concerned. Speciation is an infrequent phenomenon that may involve an unusual set of circumstances. Each one of the products of zonal raciation has the potential to become a new species and by having more races increases the chance of a speciation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Gündüz
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK.
| | | | - Mabel D Giménez
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK.
| | - Daniel W Förster
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK.
| | - Thomas A White
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Maria A Sans-Fuentes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Heidi C Hauffe
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK.
| | - Jacint Ventura
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - María José López-Fuster
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK.
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