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Bersani I, Ronci S, Savarese I, Piersigilli F, Micalizzi A, Maddaloni C, Dotta A, Braguglia A, Longo D, Campi F. COL4A1 gene mutations and perinatal intracranial hemorrhage in neonates: case reports and literature review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1417873. [PMID: 38978838 PMCID: PMC11228817 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1417873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage may represent a complication of the perinatal period that affects neonatal morbidity and mortality. Very poor data exist about a possible association between mutations of the type IV collagen a1 chain (COL4A1) gene and the development of intracranial hemorrhage, and only sporadic reports focus on intracerebral bleedings already developing in utero or in the neonatal period in infants with such a mutation. This study presents a case series of term neonates affected by intracranial hemorrhage, with no apparent risk factors for the development of this condition, who were carriers of COL4A1 gene variants. This study also provides a review of the most recent scientific literature on this topic, specifically focusing on the available scientific data dealing with the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Bersani
- Neonatal Intensive and Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ronci
- Neonatal Intensive and Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Savarese
- Neonatal Intensive and Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maddaloni
- Neonatal Intensive and Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive and Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Braguglia
- Neonatal Intensive and Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Campi
- Neonatal Intensive and Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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2
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Kukita K, Matsuzaka N, Takai M, Imamura Y, Shin Y. Notch signaling pathway induces expression of type IV collagen in angiogenesis. J Biochem 2024; 175:539-549. [PMID: 38167713 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mural cell adhesion is important for the localization of basement membrane components during angiogenesis, and cell-cell interactions are thought to be critical for basement membrane formation. Type IV collagen, a component of the basement membrane, and non-triple helical type IV collagen α1 chain (NTH α1(IV)) co-localize in the basement membrane of neovascular vessels. However, it remains unclear how type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV) are produced around the basement membrane. In the present study, we developed a de novo angiogenesis model using human umbilical vein endothelial cell spheroids and TIG-1 fibroblast cells and demonstrated that NTH α1(IV), probably with α1(IV) chain before forming triple helix molecule, was localized in the fibroblasts in contact with vascular endothelial cells. This localization was disrupted by DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor. DAPT treatment also reduced type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV) secretion in TIG-1 fibroblasts, along with diminished COL4A1 and COL4A2 gene expression. Downregulation of Notch3 in TIG-1 fibroblasts decreased the secretion of type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV). Taken together, these findings suggest that heterogeneous and homogeneous intercellular Notch signaling via Notch3 induces type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV) expression in fibroblasts and contributes to basement membrane formation in neovascular vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kukita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Tokyo 1920015, Japan
| | - Nanaka Matsuzaka
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Takai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutada Imamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Tokyo 1920015, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yongchol Shin
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Tokyo 1920015, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Yang S, Liu P, Zhang Y, Xu H, Lan J, Jiang H, Jin G, Bai X. Single-cell transcriptome atlas in C57BL/6 mice encodes morphological phenotypes in the aging kidneys. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:137. [PMID: 38641839 PMCID: PMC11031943 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice are frequently utilized as murine models with the desired genetic background for altertion in multiple research contexts. So far, there is still a lack of comprehensive kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome atlas at all stages of growth of C57BL/6 mice. To provide an interactive set of reference standards for the scientific community, we performed the current study to investigate the kidney's development throughout the capillary-loop stage until senescence. Eight groups, with five to six mice each, represented embryonic stage (embryos 18.5 days), suckling period (1 day after birth), juvenile stage (1 month old), adulthood (containing 3 months old, 6 months old and 10 months old), reproductive senescence stage (20 months old), and post-senescence stage (30 months old), respectively. With age, the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was increased. Notably, GBM knobs appeared at three months and became frequent with age. Using single-cell transcriptome data, we evaluated how various biological process appear in particular cell types and investigated the potential mechanism of formation of GBM konbs. In conclusion, having access to detailed kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome maps from C57BL/6 mice at various developmental stages of C57BL/6 mice would be a novel and major resource for biological research and testing of prospective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peimin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Lan
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Jiang S, Wise SG, Kovacic JC, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Lord MS. Biomaterials containing extracellular matrix molecules as biomimetic next-generation vascular grafts. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:369-381. [PMID: 37852854 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The performance of synthetic biomaterial vascular grafts for the bypass of stenotic and dysfunctional blood vessels remains an intractable challenge in small-diameter applications. The functionalization of biomaterials with extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules is a promising approach because these molecules can regulate multiple biological processes in vascular tissues. In this review, we critically examine emerging approaches to ECM-containing vascular graft biomaterials and explore opportunities for future research and development toward clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyuan Jiang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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5
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Sapkota A, Halder SK, Milner R. Cerebral arterioles express the laminin subunits α4 and α5 in conjunction with α6β4 integrin, but strongly downregulate laminin α4 during hypoxia-induced arteriogenic remodeling. Microvasc Res 2024; 152:104625. [PMID: 37979909 PMCID: PMC10872476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that expression of the endothelial laminin receptor α6β4 integrin in the brain is uniquely restricted to arterioles. As exposure to chronic mild hypoxia (CMH, 8 % O2) stimulates robust angiogenic and arteriogenic remodeling responses in the brain, the goal of this study was to determine how CMH influences cerebrovascular expression of the β4 integrin as well as its potential ligands, laminin 411 and 511, containing the α4 and α5 laminin subunits respectively, and then define how aging impacts this expression. We observed the following: (i) CMH launched a robust arteriogenic remodeling response both in the young (10 weeks) and aged (20 months) brain, correlating with an increased number of β4 integrin+ vessels, (ii) while the laminin α4 subunit is expressed evenly across all cerebral blood vessels, laminin α5 was highly expressed preferentially on β4 integrin+ arterioles, (iii) CMH-induced arteriolar remodeling was associated with strong downregulation of the laminin α4 subunit but no change in the laminin α5 subunit, (iv) in addition to its expression on arterioles, β4 integrin was also expressed at lower levels on capillaries specifically in white matter (WM) tracts but not in the grey matter (GM), and (v), these observations were consistent in both the brain and spinal cord, and age had no obvious impact. Taken together, our findings suggest that laminin 511 may be a specific ligand for α6β4 integrin and that dynamic switching of the laminin subunits α4 and α5 might play an instructive role in arteriogenic remodeling. Furthermore, β4 integrin expression differentiates WM from GM capillaries, highlighting a novel and important difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sapkota
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sebok K Halder
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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6
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Jones RA, Trejo B, Sil P, Little KA, Pasolli HA, Joyce B, Posfai E, Devenport D. An mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse model allows for live visualization of mammalian basement membrane development. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309074. [PMID: 38051393 PMCID: PMC10697824 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized sheets of extracellular matrix that underlie epithelial and endothelial tissues. BMs regulate the traffic of cells and molecules between compartments, and participate in signaling, cell migration, and organogenesis. The dynamics of mammalian BMs, however, are poorly understood, largely due to a lack of models in which core BM components are endogenously labeled. Here, we describe the mTurquoise2-Col4a1 mouse in which we fluorescently tag collagen IV, the main component of BMs. Using an innovative planar-sagittal live imaging technique to visualize the BM of developing skin, we directly observe BM deformation during hair follicle budding and basal progenitor cell divisions. The BM's inherent pliability enables dividing cells to remain attached to and deform the BM, rather than lose adhesion as generally thought. Using FRAP, we show BM collagen IV is extremely stable, even during periods of rapid epidermal growth. These findings demonstrate the utility of the mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse to shed new light on mammalian BM developmental dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon Trejo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Parijat Sil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - H. Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley Joyce
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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7
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Djurich S, Secomb TW. Analysis of potassium ion diffusion from neurons to capillaries: Effects of astrocyte endfeet geometry. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:323-332. [PMID: 38123136 PMCID: PMC10872621 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to a local increase in cerebral blood flow in response to increased neuronal activity. Mechanisms of communication between neurons and blood vessels remain unclear. Astrocyte endfeet almost completely cover cerebral capillaries, suggesting that astrocytes play a role in NVC by releasing vasoactive substances near capillaries. An alternative hypothesis is that direct diffusion through the extracellular space of potassium ions (K+ ) released by neurons contributes to NVC. Here, the goal is to determine whether astrocyte endfeet present a barrier to K+ diffusion from neurons to capillaries. Two simplified 2D geometries of extracellular space, clefts between endfeet, and perivascular space are used: (i) a source 1 μm from a capillary; (ii) a neuron 15 μm from a capillary. K+ release is modelled as a step increase in [K+ ] at the outer boundary of the extracellular space. The time-dependent diffusion equation is solved numerically. In the first geometry, perivascular [K+ ] approaches its final value within 0.05 s. Decreasing endfeet cleft width or increasing perivascular space width slows the rise in [K+ ]. In the second geometry, the increase in perivascular [K+ ] occurs within 0.5 s and is insensitive to changes in cleft width or perivascular space width. Predicted levels of perivascular [K+ ] are sufficient to cause vasodilation, and the rise time is within the time for flow increase in NVC. These results suggest that direct diffusion of K+ through the extracellular space is a possible NVC signalling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Djurich
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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8
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Sun L, Jiang Y, Tan H, Liang R. Collagen and derivatives-based materials as substrates for the establishment of glioblastoma organoids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128018. [PMID: 37967599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common primary brain malignancy known for its ability to invade the brain, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, tendency to recur frequently, and unfavorable prognosis. Attempts have been undertaken to create 2D and 3D models, such as glioblastoma organoids (GBOs), to recapitulate the glioma microenvironment, explore tumor biology, and develop efficient therapies. However, these models have limitations and are unable to fully recapitulate the complex networks formed by the glioma microenvironment that promote tumor cell growth, invasion, treatment resistance, and immune escape. Therefore, it is necessary to develop advanced experimental models that could better simulate clinical physiology. Here, we review recent advances in natural biomaterials (mainly focus on collagen and its derivatives)-based GBO models, as in vitro experimental platforms to simulate GBM tumor biology and response to tested drugs. Special attention will be given to 3D models that use collagen, gelatin, further modified derivatives, and composite biomaterials (e.g., with other natural or synthetic polymers) as substrates. Application of these collagen/derivatives-constructed GBOs incorporate the physical as well as chemical characteristics of the GBM microenvironment. A perspective on future research is given in terms of current issues. Generally, natural materials based on collagen/derivatives (monomers or composites) are expected to enrich the toolbox of GBO modeling substrates and potentially help to overcome the limitations of existing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuelin Jiang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Ruichao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xie Y, Bai L, Guan S. Fucoidan/collagen composite coating on magnesium alloy for better corrosion resistance and pro-endothelialization potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128044. [PMID: 37981269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium alloy stents (MAS) have broad application prospects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, poor corrosion resistance and biocompatibility greatly limit the clinical application of MAS. In this work, the coating consisting of MgF2 layer, polydopamine layer, fucoidan and collagen IV was constructed on Mg-Zn-Y-Nd (ZE21B) alloy to improve its corrosion resistance and pro-endothelialization potential. The fucoidan and collagen IV in the coating could obviously enhance the hemocompatibility and pro-endothelialization potential respectively. Compared with bare ZE21B alloy, the fucoidan/collagen composite coating modified ZE21B alloy possessed lower corrosion current density and better corrosion resistance. Moreover, the modified ZE21B alloy exhibited relatively low hemolysis rate, fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion in the blood experiments, suggesting the improved hemocompatibility. Furthermore, the modified ZE21B alloy favorably supported the adhesion and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and effectively regulated the phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), thus improving the pro-endothelialization potential of vascular stent materials. The fucoidan/collagen composite coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and pro-endothelialization potential of ZE21B alloy, showing great potential in the development of degradable MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinde Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lingchuang Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Shaokang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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10
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Halder SK, Sapkota A, Milner R. The importance of laminin at the blood-brain barrier. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2557-2563. [PMID: 37449589 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a unique property of central nervous system blood vessels that protects sensitive central nervous system cells from potentially harmful blood components. The mechanistic basis of this barrier is found at multiple levels, including the adherens and tight junction proteins that tightly bind adjacent endothelial cells and the influence of neighboring pericytes, microglia, and astrocyte endfeet. In addition, extracellular matrix components of the vascular basement membrane play a critical role in establishing and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, not only by providing an adhesive substrate for blood-brain barrier cells to adhere to, but also by providing guidance cues that strongly influence vascular cell behavior. The extracellular matrix protein laminin is one of the most abundant components of the basement membrane, and several lines of evidence suggest that it plays a key role in directing blood-brain barrier behavior. In this review, we describe the basic structure of laminin and its receptors, the expression patterns of these molecules in central nervous system blood vessels and how they are altered in disease states, and most importantly, how genetic deletion of different laminin isoforms or their receptors reveals the contribution of these molecules to blood-brain barrier function and integrity. Finally, we discuss some of the important unanswered questions in the field and provide a "to-do" list of some of the critical outstanding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok K Halder
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Sapkota
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
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11
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Larrea A, Elexpe A, Díez-Martín E, Torrecilla M, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G. Neuroinflammation in the Evolution of Motor Function in Stroke and Trauma Patients: Treatment and Potential Biomarkers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8552-8585. [PMID: 37998716 PMCID: PMC10670324 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has a significant impact on different pathologies, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, intervening in their pathophysiology: expansion, progression, and resolution. Neuroinflammation involves oxidative stress, damage, and cell death, playing an important role in neuroplasticity and motor dysfunction by affecting the neuronal connection responsible for motor control. The diagnosis of this pathology is performed using neuroimaging techniques and molecular diagnostics based on identifying and measuring signaling molecules or specific markers. In parallel, new therapeutic targets are being investigated via the use of bionanomaterials and electrostimulation to modulate the neuroinflammatory response. These novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have the potential to facilitate the development of anticipatory patterns and deliver the most beneficial treatment to improve patients' quality of life and directly impact their motor skills. However, important challenges remain to be solved. Hence, the goal of this study was to review the implication of neuroinflammation in the evolution of motor function in stroke and trauma patients, with a particular focus on novel methods and potential biomarkers to aid clinicians in diagnosis, treatment, and therapy. A specific analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities was conducted, highlighting the key challenges to be faced in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrea
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Ane Elexpe
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Eguzkiñe Díez-Martín
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - María Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
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12
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Jones RA, Trejo B, Sil P, Little KA, Pasolli HA, Joyce B, Posfai E, Devenport D. A Window into Mammalian Basement Membrane Development: Insights from the mTurq2-Col4a1 Mouse Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559396. [PMID: 37808687 PMCID: PMC10557719 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized sheets of extracellular matrix that underlie epithelial and endothelial tissues. BMs regulate traffic of cells and molecules between compartments, and participate in signaling, cell migration and organogenesis. The dynamics of mammalian BMs, however, are poorly understood, largely due to a lack of models in which core BM components are endogenously labelled. Here, we describe the mTurquoise2-Col4a1 mouse, in which we fluorescently tag collagen IV, the main component of BMs. Using an innovative Planar-Sagittal live imaging technique to visualize the BM of developing skin, we directly observe BM deformation during hair follicle budding and basal progenitor cell divisions. The BM's inherent pliability enables dividing cells to remain attached to and deform the BM, rather than lose adhesion as generally thought. Using FRAP, we show BM collagen IV is extremely stable, even during periods of rapid epidermal growth. These findings demonstrate the utility of the mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse to shed new light on mammalian BM developmental dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Brandon Trejo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Parijat Sil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Katherine A Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065
| | - Bradley Joyce
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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13
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Li Y, Cai H, Yang J, Xie X, Pei S, Wu Y, Zhang J, Song G, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Chi H, Yang G. Decoding tumor heterogeneity in uveal melanoma: basement membrane genes as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets revealed by multi-omics approaches for cancer immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1264345. [PMID: 37822877 PMCID: PMC10562578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1264345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uveal melanoma (UVM) is a primary intraocular malignancy that poses a significant threat to patients' visual function and life. The basement membrane (BM) is critical for establishing and maintaining cell polarity, adult function, embryonic and organ morphogenesis, and many other biological processes. Some basement membrane protein genes have been proven to be prognostic biomarkers for various cancers. This research aimed to develop a novel risk assessment system based on BMRGs that would serve as a theoretical foundation for tailored and accurate treatment. Methods: We used gene expression profiles and clinical data from the TCGA-UVM cohort of 80 UVM patients as a training set. 56 UVM patients from the combined cohort of GSE84976 and GSE22138 were employed as an external validation dataset. Prognostic characteristics of basement membrane protein-related genes (BMRGs) were characterized by Lasso, stepwise multifactorial Cox. Multivariate analysis revealed BMRGs to be independent predictors of UVM. The TISCH database probes the crosstalk of BMEGs in the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level. Finally, we investigated the function of ITGA5 in UVM using multiple experimental techniques, including CCK8, transwell, wound healing assay, and colony formation assay. Results: There are three genes in the prognostic risk model (ADAMTS10, ADAMTS14, and ITGA5). After validation, we determined that the model is quite reliable and accurately forecasts the prognosis of UVM patients. Immunotherapy is more likely to be beneficial for UVM patients in the high-risk group, whereas the survival advantage may be greater for UVM patients in the low-risk group. Knockdown of ITGA5 expression was shown to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasive ability of UVM cells in vitro experiments. Conclusion: The 3-BMRGs feature model we constructed has excellent predictive performance which plays a key role in the prognosis, informing the individualized treatment of UVM patients. It also provides a new perspective for assessing pre-immune efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyue Li
- Queen Mary College, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huabao Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xixi Xie
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengbin Pei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guobin Song
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinhong Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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14
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Ghannam SF, Rutland CS, Allegrucci C, Mongan NP, Rakha E. Defining invasion in breast cancer: the role of basement membrane. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:11-18. [PMID: 36253088 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) is an amorphous, sheet-like structure separating the epithelium from the stroma. BM is characterised by a complex structure comprising collagenous and non-collagenous proteoglycans and glycoproteins. In the breast, the thickness, density and composition of the BM around the ductal lobular system vary during differing development stages. In pathological conditions, the BM provides a physical barrier that separates proliferating intraductal epithelial cells from the surrounding stroma, and its absence or breach in malignant lesions is a hallmark of invasion and metastases. Currently, diagnostic services often use special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify the BM in order to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions. However, distinguishing BM on stained sections, and differentiating the native BM from the reactive capsule or BM-like material surrounding some invasive malignant breast tumours is challenging. Although diagnostic use of the BM is being replaced by myoepithelial cell IHC markers, BM is considered by many to be a useful marker to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions in ambiguous cases. In this review, the structure, function and biological and clinical significance of the BM are discussed in relation to the various breast lesions with emphasis on how to distinguish the native BM from alternative pathological tissue mimicking its histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan F Ghannam
- Division of cancer and stem cells, school of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Histology and Cell Biology, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emad Rakha
- Division of cancer and stem cells, school of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Histopathology,school of Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Gould SJ, Foey AD, Salih VM. An organotypic oral mucosal infection model to study host-pathogen interactions. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231197310. [PMID: 37873034 PMCID: PMC10590543 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231197310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Early in vitro oral mucosal infection models (OMMs) failed to consider the suitability of the model environment to represent the host immune response. Denture stomatitis (DS) is mediated by Candida albicans, but the role of Staphylococcus aureus remains uncertain. A collagen hydrogel-based OMM containing HaCaT and HGF cell types was developed, characterised and employed to study of tissue invasion and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to pathogens. Models formed a robust epithelium. Despite their inflammatory baseline, 24-h infection with C. albicans, and/or S. aureus led to tissue invasion, and significantly upregulated IL-6 and IL-8 production by OMMs when compared to the unstimulated control. No significant difference in IL-6 or IL-8 production by OMMs was observed between single and dual infections. These attributes indicate that this newly developed OMM is suitable for the study of DS and could be implemented for the wider study of oral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Gould
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Andrew D Foey
- School of Biomedical Health Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Vehid M Salih
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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16
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Laminin Immunostaining in Biopsies as a Useful Biomarker of Early Invasion in Actinic Cheilitis and Differential Diagnosis Between Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Cancer: New Insights. Head Neck Pathol 2022:10.1007/s12105-022-01504-y. [PMID: 36303015 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (LSCC) and oral cavity can be life-threatening if not diagnosed early. Precancerous lesions like actinic cheilitis (AC), can transform into LSCC. Laminin is a fundamental component for basement membrane (BM) and its integrity may prevent neoplastic invasion. Therefore, laminin immunostaining of BM may be useful in identifying early invasion in actinic cheilitis and thus in the differential diagnosis between AC and invasive LSCC or high-grade epithelial dysplasia (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopsies from 46 patients with oral lesions were histologically analyzed and immunohistochemically stained for laminin-1. RESULTS AC was diagnosed in 34 patients and LSCC in 12 patients, including 3 patients with AC and concomitant high-grade ED/in situ carcinoma. Laminin-1 immunostaining revealed intense and linear expression of the BM in AC with low-grade ED. Loss of laminin expression was observed in LSCC. Intracellular laminin expression in parabasal cells was noted in AC with high-grade ED/in situ carcinoma. CONCLUSION Laminin immunostaining could be useful in identifying AC cases suspected of early invasion. It could also contribute to the histopathological differential diagnosis between AC with low- and high-grade ED and between AC and invasive LSCC. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanism involved in the progression process of AC into LSCC, encouraging preclinical studies that may document the stochastic role of laminin in this process.
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17
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Bell KS, O’Shaughnessy KL. The development and function of the brain barriers - an overlooked consideration for chemical toxicity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:1000212. [PMID: 36329715 PMCID: PMC9622783 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.1000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the adult brain is protected from some infections and toxic molecules by the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Contrary to the immense data collected in other fields, it is deeply entrenched in environmental toxicology that xenobiotics easily permeate the developing brain because these barriers are either absent or non-functional in the fetus and newborn. Here we review the cellular and physiological makeup of the brain barrier systems in multiple species, and discuss decades of experiments that show they possess functionality during embryogenesis. We next present case studies of two chemical classes, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and bisphenols, and discuss their potential to bypass the brain barriers. While there is evidence to suggest these pollutants may enter the developing and/or adult brain parenchyma, many studies suffer from confounding technical variables which complicates data interpretation. In the future, a more formal consideration of brain barrier biology could not only improve understanding of chemical toxicokinetics but could assist in prioritizing environmental xenobiotics for their neurotoxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten S. Bell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy,
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18
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Rosmark O, Ibáñez-Fonseca A, Thorsson J, Dellgren G, Hallgren O, Larsson Callerfelt AK, Elowsson L, Westergren-Thorsson G. A tunable physiomimetic stretch system evaluated with precision cut lung slices and recellularized human lung scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:995460. [PMID: 36263353 PMCID: PMC9574011 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.995460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breathing exposes lung cells to continual mechanical stimuli, which is part of the microenvironmental signals directing cellular functions together with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, developing systems that incorporate both stimuli is urgent to fully understand cell behavior. This study aims to introduce a novel in vitro culture methodology combining a cyclic stretch that simulates in vivo breathing with 3D cell culture platforms in the form of decellularized lung slices (DLS) and precision cut lung slices (PCLS). To this end, we have constructed a device that mimics the amplitudes and frequencies of distensions seen in the breathing human lung. For its validation, we cultured H441 lung epithelial cells in human DLS exposed to 16 stretch cycles per minute with a 10% stretch amplitude. Cell viability (resazurin reduction), proliferation (Ki-67) and YAP1 activation were evaluated at 24 and 96 h by immunohistochemistry, while the expression of SFTPB, COL3A1, COL4A3 and LAMA5 was evaluated by qPCR. Cyclic stretch induced an increase in SFTPB expression after 24 h without a concomitant increase in the stretch responsive gene YAP1. Moreover, the ECM milieu lowered the expression of the basement membrane protein genes COL4A3 and LAMA5 compared to tissue culture plastic control cultures, but no effect was observed by the mechanical stimuli. The device also confirmed good compatibility with PCLS culture, showing preserved morphology and metabolism in rat PCLS after 72 h of mechanical stretch. Thus, we present a novel device and methodology for the easy assembling and study of lung tissue slice cultures subjected to physiomimetic mechanical stimuli, which shows promise for future studies of cell and tissue function in a lung ECM milieu with physiological or pathological mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arturo Ibáñez-Fonseca
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Arturo Ibáñez-Fonseca,
| | - Johan Thorsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Transplant Institute and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Tarricone G, Carmagnola I, Chiono V. Tissue-Engineered Models of the Human Brain: State-of-the-Art Analysis and Challenges. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030146. [PMID: 36135581 PMCID: PMC9501967 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect billions of people across the world, making the discovery of effective treatments an important challenge. The evaluation of drug efficacy is further complicated because of the lack of in vitro models able to reproduce the complexity of the human brain structure and functions. Some limitations of 2D preclinical models of the human brain have been overcome by the use of 3D cultures such as cell spheroids, organoids and organs-on-chip. However, one of the most promising approaches for mimicking not only cell structure, but also brain architecture, is currently represented by tissue-engineered brain models. Both conventional (particularly electrospinning and salt leaching) and unconventional (particularly bioprinting) techniques have been exploited, making use of natural polymers or combinations between natural and synthetic polymers. Moreover, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has allowed the co-culture of different human brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia), helping towards approaching the central nervous system complexity. In this review article, we explain the importance of in vitro brain modeling, and present the main in vitro brain models developed to date, with a special focus on the most recent advancements in tissue-engineered brain models making use of iPSCs. Finally, we critically discuss achievements, main challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarricone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- PolitoBioMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principle in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Carmagnola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- PolitoBioMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principle in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- PolitoBioMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principle in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Seo GY, Takahashi D, Wang Q, Mikulski Z, Chen A, Chou TF, Marcovecchio P, McArdle S, Sethi A, Shui JW, Takahashi M, Surh CD, Cheroutre H, Kronenberg M. Epithelial HVEM maintains intraepithelial T cell survival and contributes to host protection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm6931. [PMID: 35905286 PMCID: PMC9422995 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm6931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial T cells (IETs) are in close contact with intestinal epithelial cells and the underlying basement membrane, and they detect invasive pathogens. How intestinal epithelial cells and basement membrane influence IET survival and function, at steady state or after infection, is unclear. The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is constitutively expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and is important for protection from pathogenic bacteria. Here, we showed that at steady-state LIGHT, an HVEM ligand, binding to epithelial HVEM promoted the survival of small intestine IETs. RNA-seq and addition of HVEM ligands to epithelial organoids indicated that HVEM increased epithelial synthesis of basement membrane proteins, including collagen IV, which bound to β1 integrins expressed by IETs. Therefore, we proposed that IET survival depended on β1 integrin binding to collagen IV and showed that β1 integrin-collagen IV interactions supported IET survival in vitro. Moreover, the absence of β1 integrin expression by T lymphocytes decreased TCR αβ+ IETs in vivo. Intravital microscopy showed that the patrolling movement of IETs was reduced without epithelial HVEM. As likely consequences of decreased number and movement, protective responses to Salmonella enterica were reduced in mice lacking either epithelial HVEM, HVEM ligands, or β1 integrins. Therefore, IETs, at steady state and after infection, depended on HVEM expressed by epithelial cells for the synthesis of collagen IV by epithelial cells. Collagen IV engaged β1 integrins on IETs that were important for their maintenance and for their protective function in mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Qingyang Wang
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angeline Chen
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashu Sethi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles D Surh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Pohang, South Korea
| | | | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Halder SK, Sapkota A, Milner R. The impact of genetic manipulation of laminin and integrins at the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:50. [PMID: 35690759 PMCID: PMC9188059 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) are unique in having high electrical resistance and low permeability, which creates a selective barrier protecting sensitive neural cells within the CNS from potentially harmful components in the blood. The molecular basis of this blood–brain barrier (BBB) is found at the level of endothelial adherens and tight junction protein complexes, extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the vascular basement membrane (BM), and the influence of adjacent pericytes and astrocyte endfeet. Current evidence supports the concept that instructive cues from the BBB ECM are not only important for the development and maturation of CNS blood vessels, but they are also essential for the maintenance of vascular stability and BBB integrity. In this review, we examine the contributions of one of the most abundant ECM proteins, laminin to BBB integrity, and summarize how genetic deletions of different laminin isoforms or their integrin receptors impact BBB development, maturation, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok K Halder
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Arjun Sapkota
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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22
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Togashi K, Shin Y, Imamura Y. Non-triple helical form of type IV collagen alpha1 chain suppresses vascular endothelial-cadherin mediated cell-to-cell junctions. J Biochem 2022; 172:165-175. [PMID: 35687058 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-triple helical collagen polypeptide α1(IV) (NTH α1(IV)) is a gene product of COL4A1 and is secreted as a polypeptide chain without the triple helix structure under physiological conditions. Studies have shown that NTH α1(IV) is up-regulated in and around vascular endothelial cells during neovascularization and vascular-like networks of in vitro angiogenesis models, suggesting its involvement in angiogenesis. In the present study, we examined the effect of NTH α1(IV) on endothelial cell-to-cell junctions, and we found that NTH α1(IV) suppressed VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) mediated junctions and promoted cellular migration in HUVEC cultures. NTH α1(IV) is potentially a factor that induces VE-cadherin endocytosis and promotes neovascular sprouting and elongation. The possible mechanism entails endocytosis of NTH α1(IV) by its cellular receptor(s), Endo180, and/or other proteins, which results in clearance of the cellular receptor(s) from the cell surface, thus inducing the endocytosis of VE-cadherin. Because the NC1 domain of the α1 chain of type IV collagen, called arresten, is considered an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, it seems that the single polypeptide chain of NTH α1(IV) has conflicting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Togashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yongchol Shin
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo
| | - Yasutada Imamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo
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23
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Murase H, El-Sheikh Ali H, Ruby RE, Scoggin KE, Ball BA. Transcriptomic analysis of the chorioallantois in equine premature placental separation. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:405-418. [PMID: 35622344 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine premature placental separation (PPS) is poorly understood and represents an important risk factor for fetal/neonatal hypoxia. OBJECTIVES To examine transcriptomic changes in the chorioallantois (CA) from mares with clinical PPS compared to the CA from normal foaling mares. Differential gene expression was determined and gene ontology as well as molecular pathways related to PPS were characterised. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case: control study. METHODS CA were collected from Thoroughbred mares with a clinical history of PPS (n=33) and from control Thoroughbred mares (n=4) with normal parturition for examination of transcriptional changes in the placenta associated with PPS. Transcriptomic changes in the villous CA near the cervical star were determined by Illumina® sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. PPS samples were divided by k-means clustering, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each PPS cluster were identified by comparing to controls. Shared DEGs between PPS clusters were used for gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. RESULTS A total of 1204 DEGs were identified between PPS and control. Gene ontology revealed extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, and pathway analysis revealed fatty acid, p-53, hypoxia, and inflammation. Eleven key regulator genes of PPS including growth factors (IGF1, TGFB2, TGFB3), transcription factors (HIF1A, JUNB, SMAD3), and transmembrane receptors (FGFR1, TNFRSF1A, TYROBP) were also identified. MAIN LIMITATIONS The use of clinical history of PPS, in the absence of other criteria, may have led to misidentification of some cases as PPS. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis indicated that changes in ECM and cell adhesion were important factors in equine PPS. Key predicted upstream events include genes associated with hypoxia, inflammation and growth factors related to the pathogenesis of equine PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutaka Murase
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Urakawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rebecca E Ruby
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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24
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Chen Y, Zou H, Lu H, Xiang H, Chen S. Research progress of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3313-3322. [PMID: 35560773 PMCID: PMC9189345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), manifested as tubular interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis and damage to the normal structure of the kidney. Renal fibrosis can eventually develop into renal failure. A better understanding of renal fibrosis in DKD is needed due to clinical limitations of current anti‐fibrotic drugs in terms of effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness and side effects. Fibrosis is characterized by local excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which is derived from activated myofibroblasts to increase its production or specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases to reduce its degradation. In recent years, endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has gradually integrated into the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In animal models of diabetic kidney disease, it has been found that EndMT is involved in the formation of renal fibrosis and multiple signalling pathways such as TGF‐β signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway and non‐coding RNA network participate in the regulation of EndMT during fibrosis. Here, we mainly review EndMT regulation and targeted therapy of renal fibrosis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hang Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Hu Y, Li W, Tian L, Fu S, Min Y, Liu J, Xiong F. Case Report: Identification of a Novel Heterozygous Missense Mutation in COL4A3 Gene Causing Variable Phenotypes in an Autosomal-Dominant Alport Syndrome Family. Front Genet 2022; 13:839212. [PMID: 35422838 PMCID: PMC9001967 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.839212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a genetic kidney disease of basement membrane collagen disorder accounting for approximately 2% of ESRD patients. Next-generation and whole-exome sequencing methods are increasingly frequently used as an efficient tool not only for the diagnosis of AS but also for the establishment of genotype–phenotype correlation. We herein report the identification of a novel heterozygous missense mutation in COL4A3 gene (c.G3566A: p.G1189E) causing variable phenotypes in an ADAS Family based on the combination of clinical, histologic, pedigree, and genetic sequencing information. The proband is a 48-year-old Chinese woman suffering from persistent subnephrotic proteinuria and intermittent hematuria without renal function impairment over a 10-year time-span. Renal biopsy showed diffuse thin basement membrane and focal interstitial foam cell infiltration. The proband’s mother progressed to end-stage renal failure and the proband’s sister presented with subnephrotic proteinuria and intermittent hematuria as well. AS was highly suspected and confirmed by exome sequencing which revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in COL4A3 gene (c.G3566A: p.G1189E) in all the affected family members, although their current medical conditions vary significantly. Our present finding emphasizes the significance of next-generation sequencing technology for genetic screening which gives us an accurate clinical diagnosis of ADAS patients. The identification of c.G3566A as a new ADAS-related mutation contributes to both genetic diagnosis of ADAS and further functional study of COL4A3. The variable phenotypes from the same genotype of our case also provide more information to genotype–phenotype correlation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Department of Blood Purification, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonglong Min
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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26
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Alcohol-Induced Alterations in the Vascular Basement Membrane in the Substantia Nigra of the Adult Human Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040830. [PMID: 35453580 PMCID: PMC9028457 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a highly specialized interface that acts as the first line of defense against toxins. Herein, we investigated the structural and ultrastructural changes in the basement membrane (BM), which is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the BBB, in the context of chronic alcoholism. Human post-mortem tissues from the Substantia Nigra (SN) region were obtained from 44 individuals, then grouped into controls, age-matched alcoholics, and non-age-matched alcoholics and assessed using light and electron microscopy. We found significantly less CD31+ vessels in alcoholic groups compared to controls in both gray and white matter samples. Alcoholics showed increased expression levels of collagen-IV, laminin-111, and fibronectin, which were coupled with a loss of BM integrity in comparison with controls. The BM of the gray matter was found to be more disintegrated than the white matter in alcoholics, as demonstrated by the expression of both collagen-IV and laminin-111, thereby indicating a breakdown in the BM’s structural composition. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of fibronectin was upregulated in the BM of the white matter vasculature in both alcoholic groups compared to controls. Taken together, our findings highlight some sort of aggregation or clumping of BM proteins that occurs in response to chronic alcohol consumption.
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27
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Banerjee S, Lo WC, Majumder P, Roy D, Ghorai M, Shaikh NK, Kant N, Shekhawat MS, Gadekar VS, Ghosh S, Bursal E, Alrumaihi F, Dubey NK, Kumar S, Iqbal D, Alturaiki W, Upadhye VJ, Jha NK, Dey A, Gundamaraju R. Multiple roles for basement membrane proteins in cancer progression and EMT. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151220. [PMID: 35366585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis or the progression of malignancy poses a major challenge in cancer therapy and is the principal reason for increased mortality. The epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the Basement Membrane (BM) allows cells of epithelial phenotype to transform into a mesenchymal-like (quasi-mesenchymal) phenotype and metastasize via the lymphovascular system through a metastatic cascade by intravasation and extravasation. This helps in the progression of carcinoma from the primary site to distant organs. Collagen, laminin, and integrin are the prime components of BM and help in tumor cell metastasis, which makes them ideal cancer drug targets. Further, recent studies have shown that collagen, laminin, and integrin can be used as a biomarker for metastatic cells. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of such therapeutics, which are either currently in preclinical or clinical stages and could be promising cancer therapeutics. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Debleena Roy
- PG Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Nusrat K Shaikh
- Smt. N. M. Padalia Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 831005, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, KM Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Ercan Bursal
- Department of Biochemistry, Mus Alparslan University, Turkey
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Victory Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei 114757, Taiwan; ShiNeo Technology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 24262, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, UP 201310, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Jagdish Upadhye
- Center of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), PO Limda, Tal Waghodia 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER stress and Mucosal immunology lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia.
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28
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de Oliveira RC, Sampaio LP, Shiju TM, Santhiago MR, Wilson SE. Epithelial Basement Membrane Regeneration After PRK-Induced Epithelial-Stromal Injury in Rabbits: Fibrotic Versus Non-fibrotic Corneal Healing. J Refract Surg 2022; 38:50-60. [PMID: 35020537 PMCID: PMC8852807 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20211007-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study epithelial basement membrane (EBM) regeneration in non-fibrotic and fibrotic corneas after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS Rabbits (120 total) had either epithelial scrape alone, -4.50 diopters (D) PRK, -9.00 D PRK, or no surgery. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cryofixed corneas at time points from unwounded to 8 weeks (four corneas at each time point in each group). Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed for EBM components, including collagen type IV, laminin beta-3, laminin alpha-5, perlecan, and nidogen-1. Stromal cellular composition was studied by triplex immunohistochemistry for keratocan, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA). RESULTS PRK-injured EBM significantly regenerated by 4 days after surgery. However, early TGF-beta-regulating perlecan incorporation into the nascent EBM declined 4 to 7 days after surgery in fibrotic corneas. Non-fibrotic corneas that had fully regenerated EBM (with all five components incorporated into the EBM) were transparent and had few SMA-positive myofibroblasts in the stroma. Conversely, corneas with defective nascent EBM that lacked perlecan developed many anterior stromal myofibroblasts and fibrosis at 3 to 4 weeks after surgery and had large amounts of collagen type IV in the nascent EBM and anterior stroma. Myofibroblasts synthesized perlecan but were incompetent to incorporate the heparin sulfate proteoglycan into the nascent EBM. Corneal transparency was restored over several months even in fibrotic corneas, and this was associated with a return of EBM perlecan, myofibroblast disappearance, and reabsorption of disordered extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS Defective incorporation of perlecan into the regenerating EBM by subepithelial myofibroblasts, and likely their precursor cells, underlies the development and persistence of stromal fibrosis after PRK corneal injury. [J Refract Surg. 2022;38(1):50-60.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carlos de Oliveira
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lycia Pedral Sampaio
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Beneficial Effects of Transplanted Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitors on Functional and Cellular Components of Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in ALS Mice. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0314-21.2021. [PMID: 34479980 PMCID: PMC8451202 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0314-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing evidence of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) alterations has been demonstrated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and barrier repair is imperative to prevent motor neuron dysfunction. We showed benefits of human bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells (hBM34+) and endothelial progenitor cells (hBM-EPCs) intravenous transplantation into symptomatic G93A SOD1 mutant mice on barrier reparative processes. These gains likely occurred by replacement of damaged endothelial cells, prolonging motor neuron survival. However, additional investigations are needed to confirm the effects of administered cells on integrity of the microvascular endothelium. The aim of this study was to determine tight junction protein levels, capillary pericyte coverage, microvascular basement membrane, and endothelial filamentous actin (F-actin) status in spinal cord capillaries of G93A SOD1 mutant mice treated with human bone marrow-derived stem cells. Tight junction proteins were detected in the spinal cords of cell-treated versus non-treated mice via Western blotting at four weeks after transplant. Capillary pericyte, basement membrane laminin, and endothelial F-actin magnitudes were determined in cervical/lumbar spinal cord tissues in ALS mice, including controls, by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent staining. Results showed that cell-treated versus media-treated ALS mice substantially increased tight junction protein levels, capillary pericyte coverage, basement membrane laminin immunoexpressions, and endothelial cytoskeletal F-actin fluorescent expressions. The greatest benefits were detected in mice receiving hBM-EPCs versus hBM34+ cells. These study results support treatment with a specific cell type derived from human bone marrow toward BSCB repair in ALS. Thus, hBM-EPCs may be advanced for clinical applications as a cell-specific approach for ALS therapy through restored barrier integrity.
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30
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Ambade AS, Hassoun PM, Damico RL. Basement Membrane Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Pulmonary Vascular and Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:245-258. [PMID: 34129804 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0091tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), a highly organized network of structural and non-structural proteins, plays a pivotal role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Changes in the ECM are critical for normal tissue repair, while dysregulation contributes to aberrant tissue remodeling. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disorder of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV), increased production and deposition of structural and non-structural proteins, and altered expression of ECM growth factors and proteases. Furthermore, ECM remodeling plays a significant role in disease progression as several dynamic changes in its composition, quantity, and organization are documented in both humans and animal models of disease. These ECM changes impact upon vascular cell biology and affect proliferation of resident cells. Further, ECM components determine the tissue architecture of the pulmonary and myocardial vasculature as well as the myocardium itself, and provide mechanical stability crucial for tissue homeostasis. However, little is known about the basement membrane (BM), a specialized, self-assembled conglomerate of ECM proteins, during remodeling. In the vasculature, the BM is in close physical association with the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. While in the myocardium, each cardiomyocyte is enclosed by a BM that serves as the interface between cardiomyocytes and the surrounding interstitial matrix. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the current state of knowledge of the BM and its ECM composition and their impact on pulmonary vascular remodeling and RV dysfunction and failure in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjira S Ambade
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1500, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1500, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rachel L Damico
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1500, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
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31
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Podvin S, Jones A, Liu Q, Aulston B, Mosier C, Ames J, Winston C, Lietz CB, Jiang Z, O’Donoghue AJ, Ikezu T, Rissman RA, Yuan SH, Hook V. Mutant Presenilin 1 Dysregulates Exosomal Proteome Cargo Produced by Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Neurons. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13033-13056. [PMID: 34056454 PMCID: PMC8158845 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and propagation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau) is a neuropathological hallmark occurring with neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular vesicles, exosomes, have been shown to initiate tau propagation in the brain. Notably, exosomes from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons expressing the AD familial A246E mutant form of presenilin 1 (mPS1) are capable of inducing tau deposits in the mouse brain after in vivo injection. To gain insights into the exosome proteome cargo that participates in propagating tau pathology, this study conducted proteomic analysis of exosomes produced by human iPSC neurons expressing A246E mPS1. Significantly, mPS1 altered the profile of exosome cargo proteins to result in (1) proteins present only in mPS1 exosomes and not in controls, (2) the absence of proteins in the mPS1 exosomes which were present only in controls, and (3) shared proteins which were upregulated or downregulated in the mPS1 exosomes compared to controls. These results show that mPS1 dysregulates the proteome cargo of exosomes to result in the acquisition of proteins involved in the extracellular matrix and protease functions, deletion of proteins involved in RNA and protein translation systems along with proteasome and related functions, combined with the upregulation and downregulation of shared proteins, including the upregulation of amyloid precursor protein. Notably, mPS1 neuron-derived exosomes displayed altered profiles of protein phosphatases and kinases involved in regulating the status of p-tau. The dysregulation of exosome cargo proteins by mPS1 may be associated with the ability of mPS1 neuron-derived exosomes to propagate tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Alexander Jones
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Brent Aulston
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Janneca Ames
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Charisse Winston
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Christopher B. Lietz
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department
of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology,
Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston 02118, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Veterans
Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,
La Jolla, San Diego 92161, California, United States
| | - Shauna H. Yuan
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
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32
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Schofield CL, Rodrigo-Navarro A, Dalby MJ, Van Agtmael T, Salmeron-Sanchez M. Biochemical‐ and Biophysical‐Induced Barriergenesis in the Blood–Brain Barrier: A Review of Barriergenic Factors for Use in In Vitro Models. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Tom Van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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33
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Suzuki M, Suzuki T, Watanabe M, Hatakeyama S, Kimura S, Nakazono A, Honma A, Nakamaru Y, Vreugde S, Homma A. Role of intracellular zinc in molecular and cellular function in allergic inflammatory diseases. Allergol Int 2021; 70:190-200. [PMID: 33127267 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient in human body and a vital cofactor for the function of numerous proteins encoded by the human genome. Zinc has a critical role in maintaining many biochemical and physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, and multiple organ and systemic levels. The alteration of zinc homeostasis causes dysfunction of many organs and systems. In the immune system, zinc regulates the differentiation, proliferation and function of inflammatory cells, including T cells, eosinophils, and B cells, by modifying several signaling pathways such as NFκB signaling pathways and TCR signals. An adequate zinc level is essential for proper immune responses and decreased zinc levels were reported in many allergic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Decreased zinc levels often enhance inflammatory activation. On the other hand, the inflammatory conditions alter the intracellular homeostasis of zinc, often decreasing zinc levels. These findings implied that there could be a vicious cycle between zinc deficiency and inflammatory conditions. In this review, we present recent evidence on the involvement of zinc in atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis, with insights into the involvement of zinc in the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms related to these allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shogo Kimura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Nakazono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aya Honma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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34
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Winkelman MA, Koppes AN, Koppes RA, Dai G. Bioengineering the neurovascular niche to study the interaction of neural stem cells and endothelial cells. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:011507. [PMID: 33688617 PMCID: PMC7932757 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of mammalian neural stem cells (NSCs) to self-renew and differentiate throughout adulthood has made them ideal to study neurogenesis and attractive candidates for neurodegenerative disease therapies. In the adult mammalian brain, NSCs are maintained in the neurovascular niche (NVN) where they are found near the specialized blood vessels, suggesting that brain endothelial cells (BECs) are prominent orchestrators of NSC fate. However, most of the current knowledge of the mammalian NVN has been deduced from nonhuman studies. To circumvent the challenges of in vivo studies, in vitro models have been developed to better understand the reciprocal cellular mechanisms of human NSCs and BECs. This review will cover the current understanding of mammalian NVN biology, the effects of endothelial cell-derived signals on NSC fate, and the in vitro models developed to study the interactions between NSCs and BECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Winkelman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Ryan A Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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35
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Shima T, Ohtakaki Y, Kikuchi H, Uchino H, Isomura M, Aoyagi K, Oya H, Katayama T, Mitsumoto Y, Mizuno M, Umemura A, Yamaguchi K, Itoh Y, Okanoue T. A novel rapid immunoassay of serum type IV collagen 7S for the diagnosis of fibrosis stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:263-276. [PMID: 33350036 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type IV collagen 7S (T4C7S) is a valuable biomarker for detecting liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The conventional T4C7S measurement via radioimmunoassay (T4C7S RIA) has shortcomings of radioisotope usage and longer assay periods. We compared T4C7S RIA with a newly developed, fast T4C7S chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (T4C7S CLEIA) and examined the diagnostic accuracies of and correlation between the two techniques. METHODS We evaluated 170 biopsy-confirmed patients with NAFLD. T4C7S was measured via both T4C7S RIA and T4C7S CLEIA. The correlation between T4C7S RIA and T4C7S CLEIA was analyzed in 305 total serum samples via exploratory research and 47 validation samples. The diagnostic accuracies of T4C7S CLEIA and T4C7S RIA were compared in the sera of patients with NAFLD and test samples. RESULTS Sera T4C7S levels of T4C7S CLEIA and T4C7S RIA significantly correlated in patients' samples via exploratory (r = 0.914, P = 0.000) and validation (r = 0.929, P = 0.000) research. At a 10% coefficient, T4C7S CLEIA concentration was 0.26 ng/ml in the serum samples, indicating high accuracy at even low concentrations. T4C7S CLEIA revealed distinct changes between each stage and high sensitivity in detecting the F2 stage, indicating a higher sensitivity in detecting low fibrosis stages than T4C7S RIA in patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The T4C7S CLEIA correlated well with the T4C7S RIA. Favorably, the T4C7S CLEIA has a higher sensitivity and rapid measurement time and requires a small sample volume; thus, it is a promising and popular biomarker for fibrosis stage diagnosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hirohisa Oya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Mitsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
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Kaya M, Ahishali B. Basic physiology of the blood-brain barrier in health and disease: a brief overview. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1840913. [PMID: 33190576 PMCID: PMC7849738 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1840913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a dynamic interface between blood and brain constituted mainly by endothelial cells of brain microvessels, robustly restricts the entry of potentially harmful blood-sourced substances and cells into the brain, however, many therapeutically active agents concurrently cannot gain access into the brain at effective doses in the presence of an intact barrier. On the other hand, breakdown of BBB integrity may involve in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, certain diseases/disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and epilepsy are associated with varying degrees of BBB disruption. In this review, we aim to highlight the current knowledge on the cellular and molecular composition of the BBB with special emphasis on the major transport pathways across the barrier type endothelial cells. We further provide a discussion on the innovative brain drug delivery strategies in which the obstacle formed by BBB interferes with effective pharmacological treatment of neurodegenerative diseases/disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaya
- Koç University School of Medicine Department of Physiology, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ahishali
- Koç University School of Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Piantino M, Figarol A, Matsusaki M. Three-Dimensional in vitro Models of Healthy and Tumor Brain Microvasculature for Drug and Toxicity Screening. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:656254. [PMID: 35295158 PMCID: PMC8915870 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.656254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue vascularization is essential for its oxygenation and the homogenous diffusion of nutrients. Cutting-edge studies are focusing on the vascularization of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of human tissues. The reproduction of the brain vasculature is particularly challenging as numerous cell types are involved. Moreover, the blood-brain barrier, which acts as a selective filter between the vascular system and the brain, is a complex structure to replicate. Nevertheless, tremendous advances have been made in recent years, and several works have proposed promising 3D in vitro models of the brain microvasculature. They incorporate cell co-cultures organized in 3D scaffolds, often consisting of components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), to obtain a micro-environment similar to the in vivo physiological state. These models are particularly useful for studying adverse effects on the healthy brain vasculature. They provide insights into the molecular and cellular events involved in the pathological evolutions of this vasculature, such as those supporting the appearance of brain cancers. Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common form of brain cancer and one of the most vascularized solid tumors. It is characterized by a high aggressiveness and therapy resistance. Current conventional therapies are unable to prevent the high risk of recurrence of the disease. Most of the new drug candidates fail to pass clinical trials, despite the promising results shown in vitro. The conventional in vitro models are unable to efficiently reproduce the specific features of GBM tumors. Recent studies have indeed suggested a high heterogeneity of the tumor brain vasculature, with the coexistence of intact and leaky regions resulting from the constant remodeling of the ECM by glioma cells. In this review paper, after summarizing the advances in 3D in vitro brain vasculature models, we focus on the latest achievements in vascularized GBM modeling, and the potential applications for both healthy and pathological models as platforms for drug screening and toxicological assays. Particular attention will be paid to discuss the relevance of these models in terms of cell-cell, cell-ECM interactions, vascularization and permeability properties, which are crucial parameters for improving in vitro testing accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Piantino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Agathe Figarol
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Michiya Matsusaki
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38
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Jin W, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycans in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:189-204. [PMID: 34495536 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides that consist of alternating disaccharides sequences of uronic acids and/or galactose hexamino sugars most of which are sulfated. GAGs are ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface, in the intracellular milieu and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. Thus, GAGs exhibit many essential roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The targets of GAGs are GAG-binding proteins and related proteins that are of significant interest to both the academic community and in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the structures of GAGs, their binding proteins, and analogs are presented that further the development of GAGs and their analogs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA. .,Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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39
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de Oliveira RC, Wilson SE. Descemet's membrane development, structure, function and regeneration. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108090. [PMID: 32522478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes are layers of extracellular matrix which anchor the epithelium or endothelium to connective tissues in most organs. Descemet's membrane- which is the basement membrane for the corneal endothelium- is a dense, thick, relatively transparent and cell-free matrix that separates the posterior corneal stroma from the underlying endothelium. It was historically named Descemet's membrane after Jean Descemet, a French physician, but it is also known as the posterior limiting elastic lamina, lamina elastica posterior, and membrane of Demours. Normal Descemet's membrane ultrastructure in humans has been shown to consist of an interfacial matrix that attaches to the overlying corneal stroma, an anterior banded layer and a posterior non-banded layer-upon which corneal endothelial cells attach. These layers have been shown to have unique composition and morphology, and to contribute to corneal homeostasis and clarity, participate in the control of corneal hydration and to modulate TGF-β-induced posterior corneal fibrosis. Pathophysiological alterations of Descemet's membrane are noted in ocular diseases such as Fuchs' dystrophy, bullous keratopathy, keratoconus, primary congenital glaucoma (Haab's striae), as well as in systemic conditions. Unrepaired extensive damage to Descemet's membrane results in severe corneal opacity and vision loss due to stromal fibrosis, which may require penetrating keratoplasty to restore corneal transparency. The purpose of this article is to highlight the current understanding of Descemet's membrane structure, function and potential for regeneration.
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Pastor-Pareja JC. Atypical basement membranes and basement membrane diversity - what is normal anyway? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/8/jcs241794. [PMID: 32317312 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of basement membranes (BMs) played an essential role in the organization of animal cells into tissues and diversification of body plans. The archetypal BM is a compact extracellular matrix polymer containing laminin, nidogen, collagen IV and perlecan (LNCP matrix) tightly packed into a homogenously thin planar layer. Contrasting this clear-cut morphological and compositional definition, there are numerous examples of LNCP matrices with unusual characteristics that deviate from this planar organization. Furthermore, BM components are found in non-planar matrices that are difficult to categorize as BMs at all. In this Review, I discuss examples of atypical BM organization. First, I highlight atypical BM structures in human tissues before describing the functional dissection of a plethora of BMs and BM-related structures in their tissue contexts in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster To conclude, I summarize our incipient understanding of the mechanisms that provide morphological, compositional and functional diversity to BMs. It is becoming increasingly clear that atypical BMs are quite prevalent, and that even typical planar BMs harbor a lot of diversity that we do not yet comprehend.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Pastor-Pareja
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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41
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Maniu AA, Perde-Schrepler MI, Tatomir CB, Tănase MI, Dindelegan MG, Budu VA, Rădeanu GD, Cosgarea M, Mogoantă CA. Latest advances in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps endotyping and biomarkers, and their significance for daily practice. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2020; 61:309-320. [PMID: 33544783 PMCID: PMC7864319 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.2.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The term chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) comprises of an assortment of diseases that share a common feature: inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. The phenotype classification of CRS, based on the presence of polyps, has failed to offer a curative treatment for the disease, particularly in refractory cases. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains a challenging entity. Researchers have made efforts trying to characterize subtypes of the disease according to the endotypes, which are delineated by different immunological pathways, using biomarkers. Even if the inflammatory processes controlling CRSwNP are not fully understood, data suggested that the disease associated with a type 2 inflammatory mechanisms can be also linked to the type 1 or type 3 pathomechanism, being highly heterogeneous. Biomarkers for CRSwNP are proposed, such as: eosinophil count, cytokines, metalloproteinases, bitter and sweet taste receptors, and the nasal microbiome. For endotyping to be clinically applicable and simply determined, biomarkers referring to the intrinsic biomolecular mechanism still need to be found. Precision medicine is becoming the new standard of care, but innovative therapies such as biologics may be rather challenging for the clinicians in their daily practice. This new approach to CRSwNP implies patient selection and a simple algorithm for deciding the right treatment, easy to implement and adjust. Our review points out the ongoing new research on the pathophysiology of CRSwNP, biomarkers and treatment opportunities. It allows clinicians to keep abreast of current evidence-based knowledge and to individualize the management of CRSwNP, especially in refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Aurelia Maniu
- Department of ENT, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ida Perde-Schrepler
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina-Bianca Tatomir
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Ionuţ Tănase
- Department of ENT, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of ENT, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Vlad Andrei Budu
- Department of ENT, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Doinel Rădeanu
- Department of ENT, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcel Cosgarea
- Department of ENT, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Murphy AR, Truong YB, O'Brien CM, Glattauer V. Bio-inspired human in vitro outer retinal models: Bruch's membrane and its cellular interactions. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:1-16. [PMID: 31945506 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, however, treatments to completely stop the progression of these debilitating conditions are non-existent. Researchers require sophisticated models that can accurately represent the native structure of human retinal tissue to study these disorders. Current in vitro models used to study the retina are limited in their ability to fully recapitulate the structure and function of the retina, Bruch's membrane and the underlying choroid. Recent developments in the field of induced pluripotent stem cell technology has demonstrated the capability of retinal pigment epithelial cells to recapitulate AMD-like pathology. However, such studies utilise unsophisticated, bio-inert membranes to act as Bruch's membrane and support iPSC-derived retinal cells. This review presents a concise summary of the properties and function of the Bruch's membrane-retinal pigment epithelium complex, the initial pathogenic site of AMD as well as the current status for materials and fabrication approaches used to generate in vitro models of this complex tissue. Finally, this review explores required advances in the field of in vitro retinal modelling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Retinal degenerative disorders such as age-related macular degeneration are worldwide leading causes of blindness. Previous attempts to model the Bruch's membrane-retinal pigment epithelial complex, the initial pathogenic site of age-related macular degeneration, have lacked the sophistication to elucidate valuable insights into disease mechanisms. Here we provide a detailed account of the morphological, physical and chemical properties of Bruch's membrane which may aid the fabrication of more sophisticated and physiologically accurate in vitro models of the retina, as well as various fabrication techniques to recreate this structure. This review also further highlights some recent advances in some additional challenging aspects of retinal tissue modelling including integrated fluid flow and photoreceptor alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Murphy
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Yen B Truong
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Carmel M O'Brien
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Science, Technology, Research and Innovation Precinct (STRIP), Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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43
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Trout AL, Rutkai I, Biose IJ, Bix GJ. Review of Alterations in Perlecan-Associated Vascular Risk Factors in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E679. [PMID: 31968632 PMCID: PMC7013765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan protein in the extracellular matrix that structurally and biochemically supports the cerebrovasculature by dynamically responding to changes in cerebral blood flow. These changes in perlecan expression seem to be contradictory, ranging from neuroprotective and angiogenic to thrombotic and linked to lipid retention. This review investigates perlecan's influence on risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and amyloid that effect Vascular contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID). VCID, a comorbidity with diverse etiology in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), is thought to be a major factor that drives the overall clinical burden of dementia. Accordingly, changes in perlecan expression and distribution in response to VCID appears to be injury, risk factor, location, sex, age, and perlecan domain dependent. While great effort has been made to understand the role of perlecan in VCID, additional studies are needed to increase our understanding of perlecan's role in health and in cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Trout
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (I.R.); (I.J.B.)
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Ifechukwude J. Biose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (I.R.); (I.J.B.)
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (I.R.); (I.J.B.)
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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44
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Uzunalli G, Dieterly AM, Kemet CM, Weng HY, Soepriatna AH, Goergen CJ, Shinde AB, Wendt MK, Lyle LT. Dynamic transition of the blood-brain barrier in the development of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6334-6348. [PMID: 31695842 PMCID: PMC6824867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of the brain by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) results in a shift of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the insufficiently characterized blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Effective drug delivery through the BTB is one of the greatest therapeutic obstacles in treating brain metastases. Using an experimental model, we defined key changes within the BTB and the BBB in the brain around the tumor (BAT) region over time. Brain-seeking NSCLC cells were delivered into the circulation of athymic-nude mice via intracardiac injection and developing brain metastases were evaluated over six-weeks. Components of the BBB and BTB were analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy and compared using a mixed model of regression. Our results demonstrate a dynamic time-dependent BTB phenotype. Capillaries of the BAT and BTB were dilated with increased CD31 expression compared to controls. Expression of collagen IV, a pan-basement membrane component, was significantly decreased in the BTB compared to the BBB. There was also a significant increase in the desmin-positive pericyte subpopulation in the BTB compared to the BBB. The most striking changes were identified in astrocyte water channels with a 12.18-fold (p < 0.001) decrease in aquaporin-4 in the BTB; the BAT was unchanged. Analysis of NSCLC brain metastases from patient samples similarly demonstrated dilated capillaries and loss of both collagen IV and aquaporin-4. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of the BTB in NSCLC brain metastasis. Astrocytic endfeet, pericytes, and the basement membrane are potential therapeutic targets to improve efficacy of chemotherapeutic delivery into NSCLC brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Uzunalli
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra M Dieterly
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chinyere M Kemet
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Weng
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arvin H Soepriatna
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Aparna B Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - L Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Insolia V, Priori EC, Gasperini C, Coppa F, Cocchia M, Iervasi E, Ferrari B, Besio R, Maruelli S, Bernocchi G, Forlino A, Bottone MG. Prolidase enzyme is required for extracellular matrix integrity and impacts on postnatal cerebellar cortex development. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:61-80. [PMID: 31246278 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is essential for brain development, lamination, and synaptogenesis. In particular, the basement membrane below the pial meninx (pBM) is required for correct cortical development. The last step in the catabolism of the most abundant protein in pBM, collagen Type IV, requires prolidase, an exopeptidase cleaving the imidodipeptides containing pro or hyp at the C-terminal end. Mutations impairing prolidase activity lead in humans to the rare disease prolidase deficiency characterized by severe skin ulcers and mental impairment. Thus, the dark-like (dal) mouse, in which the prolidase is knocked-out, was used to investigate whether the deficiency of prolidase affects the neuronal maturation during development of a brain cortex area. Focusing on the cerebellar cortex, thinner collagen fibers and disorganized pBM were found. Aberrant cortical granule cell proliferation and migration occurred, associated to defects in brain lamination, and in particular in maturation of Purkinje neurons and formation of synaptic contacts. This study deeply elucidates a link between prolidase activity and neuronal maturation shedding new light on the molecular basis of functional aspects in the prolidase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Insolia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica C Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Gasperini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Coppa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Cocchia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ferrari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Maruelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria G Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Carmen L, Maria V, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Iannitti T. Role of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Glycobiology 2019; 29:110-123. [PMID: 29924302 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited fatal X-linked myogenic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 3500 male live births. It affects voluntary muscles, and heart and breathing muscles. DMD is characterized by continuous degeneration and regeneration cycles resulting in extensive fibrosis and a progressive reduction in muscle mass. Since the identification of a reduction in dystrophin protein as the cause of this disorder, numerous innovative and experimental therapies, focusing on increasing the levels of dystrophin, have been proposed, but the clinical improvement has been unsatisfactory. Dystrophin forms the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and its proteins have been studied as a promising novel therapeutic target to treat DMD. Among these proteins, cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found almost ubiquitously on the surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammalian cells. These macromolecules interact with numerous ligands, including ECM constituents, adhesion molecules and growth factors that play a crucial role in muscle development and maintenance. In this article, we have reviewed in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies focused on the functional role of GAGs in the pathophysiology of DMD with the final aim of summarizing the state of the art of GAG dysregulation within the ECM in DMD and discussing future therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurino Carmen
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Vadala' Maria
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CP, AP 62, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
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Suzuki M, Ramezanpour M, Cooksley C, Li J, Nakamaru Y, Homma A, Psaltis A, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Sirtuin-1 Controls Poly (I:C)-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Activation in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:500-510. [PMID: 29767533 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0415oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is thought to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps and cleaves collagen IV, causing hyperpermeability of the basement membrane within mucosal tissue. It is known that MMP-9 expression is negatively affected by sirtuin (SIRT)-1 in human monocytotic cells, retinal endothelial cells, and epithelial carcinoma cells. However, it is unknown which factors affect MMP-9 expression and activity in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). To examine factors affecting MMP-9 expression and activity in HNECs, HNECs were stimulated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, followed by quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, and zymography to examine MMP-9 expression and activity. MMP-9 expression was evaluated in sinonasal tissue of control subjects without CRS, and patients with CRS without nasal polyps and those with CRS with nasal polyps, in relation to the expression of SIRT1 using a tissue microarray. The effect of SIRT1 stimulation/inhibition on MMP-9 expression in HNECs was also tested. TLR3 agonists increased MMP-9 mRNA expression (473 fold, P = 0.0198) and activity (20.4-fold, P < 0.05). SIRT1 activation or inhibition reciprocally affected MMP-9 expression in the presence of TLR3 agonists. MMP-9 and SIRT1 expression within the epithelial layer of sinonasal tissue was inversely correlated only in patients with CRS but not in control subjects. TLR3 agonists increased MMP-9 expression and activity in HNECs, and the effect was abolished in the presence of SIRT1 activation. SIRT1 and MMP-9 expression was inversely correlated in CRS tissue, supporting SIRT1 as a possible therapeutic target for nasal polyp formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Suzuki
- 1 Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and.,2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- 1 Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Clare Cooksley
- 1 Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Jian Li
- 1 Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Alkis Psaltis
- 1 Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- 1 Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- 1 Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
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48
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Strassburg S, Caduc M, Stark GB, Jedrusik N, Tomakidi P, Steinberg T, Simunovic F, Finkenzeller G. In vivo evaluation of an electrospun gelatin nonwoven mat for regeneration of epithelial tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1605-1614. [PMID: 30907052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One major objective in epithelial tissue engineering is to identify a suitable biomaterial that supports epithelial tissue formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to elucidate a novel electrospun gelatin nonwoven mat (NWM) for epithelial tissue engineering purposes in vivo. This NWM was seeded with either human gingival keratinocytes (GK, in coculture with gingival fibroblast) or human skin epithelial keratinocytes (EK, in coculture with skin dermal fibroblasts). These constructs were ex vivo cultured for 4 days before subcutaneous implantation into athymic nude mice. After 7 days, the constructs were explanted and investigated by immunohistology. Our results show that GK form a stratified epithelium on the surface of the NWM, mostly independent of a fibroblastic counterpart. Like native mucosa, the regenerated epithelium showed expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratin-14 and -1, and involucrin. Only the expression of the basement membrane constituent laminin 5 was more pronounced in cocultures. Comparing GK and skin EK, we found that skin EK form a less developed epithelial tissue. Furthermore, the NWM allows not only for epithelial tissue formation by GK, but also for infiltration of human fibroblasts and mouse immune cells, thus representing a biomaterial with potential regenerative capacity for oral mucosa tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1605-1614, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madeline Caduc
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bjoern Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Jedrusik
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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49
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Halder SK, Kant R, Milner R. Chronic mild hypoxia increases expression of laminins 111 and 411 and the laminin receptor α6β1 integrin at the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res 2018; 1700:78-85. [PMID: 30006296 PMCID: PMC6231956 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The laminin family of glycoproteins are major constituents of the basal lamina of blood vessels, and play a fundamental role in promoting endothelial differentiation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) stability. Chronic mild hypoxia (CMH), in which mice are exposed to 8% O2 for two weeks, induces a strong vascular remodeling response in the central nervous system (CNS) that includes endothelial proliferation, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis as well as increased expression of tight junction proteins, suggestive of enhanced vascular integrity. As previous studies highlight an important role for laminin in promoting vascular differentiation and BBB stability, the goal of this study was to determine if CMH influences the expression of the laminins and their cell surface receptors in cerebral blood vessels. Our studies revealed that over a 14 day period of CMH, blood vessels in the brain showed strong upregulation of the specific laminin subunits α1 and α4, corresponding to increased expression of laminins 111 and 411 respectively, with no discernible changes in the expression levels of the α2 or α5 laminin subunits. This was accompanied by marked endothelial upregulation of the laminin receptor α6β1 integrin but no alterations in the other laminin receptors α1β1 integrin or dystroglycan. In light of the instructive role for laminins in promoting vascular differentiation and stability, these data suggest that upregulation of the laminin-α6β1 integrin axis is part of the molecular response triggered by mild hypoxia that leads to enhanced BBB stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok K Halder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - Richard Milner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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50
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Gu BH, Madison MC, Corry D, Kheradmand F. Matrix remodeling in chronic lung diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:52-63. [PMID: 29559389 PMCID: PMC6141350 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms synthesize and renew components of their subcellular and scaffolding proteins, collectively known as the extracellular matrix molecules (ECMs). In the lung, ECMs maintain tensile strength, elasticity, and dictate the specialized function of multiple cell lineages. These functions are critical in lung homeostatic processes including cellular migration and proliferation during morphogenesis or in response to repair. Alterations in lung ECMs that expose cells to new cryptic fragments, generated in response to endogenous proteinases or exogenous toxins, are associated with the development of several common respiratory diseases. How lung ECMs provide or relay vital signals to epithelial and mesenchymal cells has shed new light on development and progression of several common chronic respiratory diseases. This review will consider how ECMs regulate lung homeostasis and their reorganization under pathological conditions that can modulate the inflammatory diseases asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Better understanding of changes in the distribution of lung ECM could provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hee Gu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Madison
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Corry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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