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Fekete EE, Wang A, Creskey M, Cummings SE, Lavoie JR, Ning Z, Li J, Figeys D, Chen R, Zhang X. Multilevel Proteomic Profiling of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cell Differentiation to Characterize an Intestinal Epithelial Model. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2561-2575. [PMID: 38810023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Emergent advancements on the role of the intestinal microbiome for human health and disease necessitate well-defined intestinal cellular models to study and rapidly assess host, microbiome, and drug interactions. Differentiated Caco-2 cell line is commonly utilized as an epithelial model for drug permeability studies and has more recently been utilized for investigating host-microbiome interactions. However, its suitability to study such interactions remains to be characterized. Here, we employed multilevel proteomics to demonstrate that both spontaneous and butyrate-induced Caco-2 differentiations displayed similar protein and pathway changes, including the downregulation of proteins related to translation and proliferation and upregulation of functions implicated in host-microbiome interactions, such as cell adhesion, tight junction, extracellular vesicles, and responses to stimuli. Lysine acetylomics revealed that histone protein acetylation levels were decreased along with cell differentiation, while the acetylation in proteins associated with mitochondrial functions was increased. This study also demonstrates that, compared to spontaneous differentiation methods, butyrate-containing medium accelerates Caco-2 differentiation, with earlier upregulation of proteins related to host-microbiome interactions, suggesting its superiority for assay development using this intestinal model. Altogether, this multiomics study emphasizes the controlled progression of Caco-2 differentiation toward a specialized intestinal epithelial-like cell and establishes its suitability for investigating the host-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ef Fekete
- Regulatory Research Division, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Angela Wang
- Regulatory Research Division, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marybeth Creskey
- Regulatory Research Division, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Sarah E Cummings
- Regulatory Research Division, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jessie R Lavoie
- Regulatory Research Division, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H8M5, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Jianjun Li
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H8M5, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Regulatory Research Division, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H8M5, Canada
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Sieg H, Schaar C, Fouquet N, Böhmert L, Thünemann AF, Braeuning A. Particulate iron oxide food colorants (E 172) during artificial digestion and their uptake and impact on intestinal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105772. [PMID: 38199585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Iron oxide of various structures is frequently used as food colorant (E 172). The spectrum of colors ranges from yellow over orange, red, and brown to black, depending on the chemical structure of the material. E 172 is mostly sold as solid powder. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of nanoscaled particles in E 172 samples, often to a very high extent. This makes it necessary to investigate the fate of these particles after oral uptake. In this study, 7 differently structured commercially available E 172 food colorants (2 x Yellow FeO(OH), 2 x Red Fe2O3, 1 x Orange Fe2O3 + FeO(OH) and 2 x Black Fe3O4) were investigated for particle dissolution, ion release, cellular uptake, crossing of the intestinal barrier and toxicological impact on intestinal cells. Dissolution was analyzed in water, cell culture medium and artificial digestion fluids. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was employed for determination of the specific surface area of the colorants in the digestion fluids. Cellular uptake, transport and toxicological effects were studied using human differentiated Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier. For all materials, a strong interaction with the intestinal cells was observed, albeit there was only a limited dissolution, and no toxic in vitro effects on human cells were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Schaar
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Fouquet
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Castro C, Niknafs S, Gonzalez-Ortiz G, Tan X, Bedford MR, Roura E. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38433214 PMCID: PMC10910751 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards. Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens. XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction (AXRF) supplementation on gut function and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 128 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d: 1) control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet; or 2) a control diet supplemented with 0.5% XOS and 1% AXRF. Each treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens (n = 8) with 8 chickens each. Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly. On d 42, one male chicken per pen was selected based on average weight and euthanized, jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis. RESULTS Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05) from d 1 to 42 compared to the control group. Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 differentially abundant proteins (DAP) (Padj < 0.00001) in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group. In the jejunum, the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue (e.g., inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways). In addition, DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation, and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway. Putting the two main pathways together, XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19% the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation (hence, turnover), actin polymerization, and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Castro
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shahram Niknafs
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Xinle Tan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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4
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Zeng F, Li Y, Zhang X, Shen L, Zhao X, Beta T, Li B, Chen R, Huang W. Immune regulation and inflammation inhibition of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides by TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127700. [PMID: 37918584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides (ALP) are important active ingredients of burdocks with various bioactivities. In the present study, a crude polysaccharide was extracted from A. lappa L. roots and purified using DEAE-52 and Sephacryl™ S-400 columns to reach 99 % purity. This neutral polysaccharide contained fructose, glucose, galactose and arabinose in a ratio of 0.675:0.265:0.023:0.016 and had a Mw of 4256 Da. The immunomodulatory activity and intestinal inflammation inhibitory effects of ALP were investigated in in vitro models, including lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage RAW264.7 and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced colon Caco-2 cells. The results revealed that ALP possessed both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 mRNA expression and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, ALP was found to have inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as inflammatory cytokines, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by down-regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B signaling) pathway. It indicated that A. lappa L. was an ideal source of bioactive polysaccharides having potential to be developed as functional foods or nutraceuticals to improve immune system and prevent/treat intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Kidney Internal Medicine, Clinic Medical School, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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5
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da Silva S, Pérez-Gregorio R, Mateus N, Freitas V, Dias R. Evidence of increased gluten-induced perturbations in the nucleophilic tone and detoxifying defences of intestinal epithelial cells impaired by gastric disfunction. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113317. [PMID: 37803626 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been increasingly demonstrated over the past few years that some proteolytically resistant gluten peptides may directly affect intestinal cell structure and functions by modulating pro-inflammatory gene expression and oxidative stress. The relationship between oxidative cell damage and Celiac Disease (CD) is supported by several studies on human intestinal epithelial cell lines, such as the Caco-2 cell model, already shown to be particularly sensitive to the pro-oxidative and pro-apoptotic properties of gluten protein digests. Through providing valuable evidence concerning some of the pathophysiological mechanisms that may be at play in gluten-related disorders, most of these in vitro studies have been employing simplified digestion schemes and intestinal cell systems that do not fully resemble mature enterocytes in terms of their characteristic tight junctions, microvilli and membrane transporters. Herein the peptide profile and pro-oxidative effect of two different gastrointestinal gliadin digestions was thoroughly characterized and comprehensively compared: one following the complete INFOGEST workflow and a second one by-passing gastric processing, to assess the dependence of gliadin-triggered downstream cell effects on pepsin activity. In both matrices, gluten-derived immunogenic peptide sequences were identified by non-targeted LC-MS/MS. Altogether, this study provides first-hand data concerning the still unexplored peptide composition, gastric-dependence and immunogenicity of physiologically representative gliadin protein digests as well as foundational clues stressing the need for more complex and integrated in vitro cell systems when modelling and exploiting gluten-induced perturbations in the nucleophilic tone and inflammatory status of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara da Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Area, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Jäverfelt S, Hellsén G, Kaji I, Goldenring JR, Pelaseyed T. The MYO1B and MYO5B motor proteins and the SNX27 sorting nexin regulate membrane mucin MUC17 trafficking in enterocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.530313. [PMID: 36945389 PMCID: PMC10028800 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.530313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A dense glycocalyx, composed of the megaDalton-sized membrane mucin MUC17, coats the microvilli in the apical brush border of transporting intestinal epithelial cells, called enterocytes. The establishment of the MUC17-based glycocalyx in the mouse small intestine occurs at the critical suckling-weaning transition. The enterocytic glycocalyx extends 1 µm into the intestinal lumen and prevents the gut bacteria from directly attaching to the enterocytes. To date, the mechanism behind apical targeting of MUC17 to the brush border remains unknown. Here, we show that the actin-based motor proteins MYO1B and MYO5B, and the sorting nexin SNX27 regulate the intracellular trafficking of MUC17 in enterocytes. We demonstrate that MUC17 turnover at the brush border is slow and controlled by MYO1B and SNX27. Furthermore, we report that MYO1B regulates MUC17 protein levels in enterocytes, whereas MYO5B specifically governs MUC17 levels at the brush border. Together, our results extend our understanding of the intracellular trafficking of membrane mucins and provide mechanistic insights into how defective trafficking pathways render enterocytes sensitive to bacterial invasion.
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7
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Madunić K, Luijkx YMCA, Mayboroda OA, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, Strijbis K, Wennekes T, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. O-Glycomic and Proteomic Signatures of Spontaneous and Butyrate-Stimulated Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100501. [PMID: 36669592 PMCID: PMC9999233 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract provide health benefits to the human host via bacterial metabolites. Bacterial butyrate has beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis and is the preferred energy source of intestinal epithelial cells, capable of inducing differentiation. It was previously observed that changes in the expression of specific proteins as well as protein glycosylation occur with differentiation. In this study, specific mucin O-glycans were identified that mark butyrate-induced epithelial differentiation of the intestinal cell line CaCo-2 (Cancer Coli-2), by applying porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, a quantitative proteomic approach was used to decipher changes in the cell proteome. It was found that the fully differentiated butyrate-stimulated cells are characterized by a higher expression of sialylated O-glycan structures, whereas fucosylation is downregulated with differentiation. By performing an integrative approach, we generated hypotheses about the origin of the observed O-glycome changes. These insights pave the way for future endeavors to study the dynamic O-glycosylation patterns in the gut, either produced via cellular biosynthesis or through the action of bacterial glycosidases as well as the functional role of these patterns in homeostasis and dysbiosis at the gut-microbiota interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Y M C A Luijkx
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - G M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - P A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - K Strijbis
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Wennekes
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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8
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Busch M, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF. An inverted in vitro triple culture model of the healthy and inflamed intestine: Adverse effects of polyethylene particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131345. [PMID: 34216924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As environmental pollution with plastic waste is increasing, numerous reports show the contamination of natural habitats, food and drinking water with plastic particles in the micro- and nanometer range. Since oral exposure to these particles is virtually unavoidable, health concerns towards the general population have been expressed and risk assessment regarding ingested plastic particles is of great interest. To study the intestinal effects of polymeric particles with a density of <1 g/cm³ in vitro, we spatially inverted a triple culture transwell model of the healthy and inflamed intestine (Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12/THP-1), which allows contact between buoyant particles and cells. We validated the inverted model against the original model using the enterotoxic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and subsequently assessed the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of polyethylene (PE) microparticles. The results show that the inverted model exhibits the same distinct features as the original model in terms of barrier development and inflammatory parameters. Treatment with 2 mM diclofenac causes severe cytotoxicity, DNA damage and complete barrier disruption in both models. PE particles induced cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effects in the inverted model, which would have remained undetected in conventional in vitro approaches, as no effect was observed in non-inverted control cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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9
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Pérez-Gregorio MR, Bessa Pereira C, Dias R, Mateus N, de Freitas V. New-Level Insights into the Effects of Grape Seed Polyphenols on the Intestinal Processing and Transport of a Celiac Disease Immunodominant Peptide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13474-13486. [PMID: 34727499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of three dietary tannins (procyanidin B3, B6, and T2) on the bioavailability of the 32-mer gliadin-derived immunogenic peptide was evaluated. An enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell line was used to mimic the epithelial transport of the 32-mer peptide, which was modeled by kinetic parameters with a mass spectrometry approach. The hydrolysis pattern on the enterocytes was analyzed, and the released peptides were quantified during the assay. The transport flux was dose-dependent. Along with procyanidin T2 and B6, procyanidin B3 promoted a significant inhibition mainly at the 100 μM peptide concentration. The hydrolysis efficiency was affected by procyanidins, while the cleavage pattern was suggested to be promoted by brush-border membranes at the apical compartment. The ability of procyanidins to molecularly bind to immunogenic peptides able to induce an adaptive response arose as a mechanism able to modulate their bioavailability, bioaccesibility, and further T CD4+ cell activation and expansion in a celiac disease (CD) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bessa Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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10
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Paul MB, Stock V, Cara-Carmona J, Lisicki E, Shopova S, Fessard V, Braeuning A, Sieg H, Böhmert L. Micro- and nanoplastics - current state of knowledge with the focus on oral uptake and toxicity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4350-4367. [PMID: 36132901 PMCID: PMC9417819 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of plastics has constantly increased over the last 30 years. Over one third of the plastics is used in disposables, which are discarded within three years of their production. Despite efforts towards recycling, a substantial volume of debris has accumulated in the environment and is slowly degraded to micro- and nanoplastics by weathering and aging. It has recently been discovered that these small particles can enter the food chain, as for example demonstrated by the detection of microplastic particles in honey, beer, salt, sea food and recently in mineral water. Human exposure has further been documented by the detection of plastic microparticles in human feces. Potential toxic consequences of oral exposure to small plastic particles are discussed. Due to lacking data concerning exposure, biodistribution and related effects, the risk assessment of micro- and nanoplastics is still not possible. This review focuses on the oral uptake of plastic and polymer micro- and nanoparticles. Oral exposure, particle fate, changes of particle properties during ingestion and gastrointestinal digestion, and uptake and transport at the intestinal epithelium are reviewed in detail. Moreover, the interaction with intestinal and liver cells and possibly resulting toxicity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi B Paul
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Julia Cara-Carmona
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Elisa Lisicki
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Sofiya Shopova
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety 10B rue Claude Bourgelat 35306 Fougères France
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
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11
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Lee S, Yoon GY, Myoung J, Kim SJ, Ahn DG. Robust and persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human intestinal brush border expressing cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2169-2179. [PMID: 32969768 PMCID: PMC7580600 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1827985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies on patients with the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have implicated that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We established a human GI tract cell line model highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2. These cells, C2BBe1 intestinal cells with a brush border having high levels of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), showed robust viral propagation, and could be persistently infected with SARS-CoV-2, supporting the clinical observations of persistent GI infection in COVID-19 patients. Ectopic expression of viral receptors revealed that the levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression confer permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and TMPRSS2 greatly facilitates ACE2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 dissemination. Interestingly, ACE2 but not TMPRSS2 expression was significantly promoted by enterocytic differentiation, suggesting that the state of enterocytic differentiation may serve as a determining factor for viral propagation. Thus, our study sheds light on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Lee
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gun Young Yoon
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinjong Myoung
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute & Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Gyun Ahn
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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12
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Tunçer S, Sade-Memişoğlu A, Keşküş AG, Sheraj I, Güner G, Akyol A, Banerjee S. Enhanced expression of HNF4α during intestinal epithelial differentiation is involved in the activation of ER stress. FEBS J 2019; 287:2504-2523. [PMID: 31762160 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are derived from stem cells at the crypts that undergo differentiation into transit-amplifying cells, which in turn form terminally differentiated enterocytes as these cells reach the villus. Extensive alterations in both transcriptional and translational programs occur during differentiation, which can induce the activation of cellular stress responses such as ER stress-related unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, particularly in the cells that are already committed to becoming absorptive cells. Using an epithelial cell model of enterocyte differentiation, we report a mechanistic study connecting enterocyte differentiation to UPR and autophagy. We report that differentiated colon epithelial cells showed increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels and activation of all three pathways of UPR: inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) compared to the undifferentiated cells. Enhanced UPR in the differentiated cells was accompanied by the induction of autophagy as evidenced by increased ratio of light chain 3 II/I, upregulation of Beclin-1, and downregulation of p62. We show for the first time that mechanistically, the upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) during differentiation led to increased promoter binding and transcriptional upregulation of two major proteins of UPR: X-box binding protein-1 and ATF6, implicating HNF4α as a key regulator of UPR response during differentiation. Integrating wet-lab with in silico analyses, the present study links differentiation to cellular stress responses, and highlights the importance of transcription factor signaling and cross-talk between the cellular events in the regulation of intestinal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslı Sade-Memişoğlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gökçe Keşküş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilir Sheraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güneş Güner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Akyol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Hung CS, Wang YC, Guo JW, Yang RN, Lee CL, Shen MH, Huang CC, Huang CJ, Yang JY, Liu CY. Expression pattern of placenta specific 8 and keratin 20 in different types of gastrointestinal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:659-666. [PMID: 31974611 PMCID: PMC6947936 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of keratin 20 (KRT20) and placenta specific 8 (PLAC8) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer with various differentiation phenotypes. The present study retrospectively investigated archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 12 patients at different stages of GI cancer [four with gastric cancer, four with pancreatic cancer and four with colorectal cancer (CRC)]. The stages were pre-determined, according to differentiation phenotypes, by a pathologist of the Department of Pathology at Sijhih Cathay General Hospital. KRT20 and PLAC8 expression levels were assessed using immunohistochemistry. The CRC cell lines SW620 and Caco-2 were used to assess interactions between KRT20 and PLAC8 via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. PLAC8 and KRT20 expression was observed consistently only in the well-differentiated CRC tissue samples. Low KRT20 expression levels were observed in the PLAC8 knockdown SW620 cells. In addition, there was a positive association between PLAC8 and KRT20 expression in the differentiated Caco-2 cells. According to the results of the present study, the differentiation status of GI cancer influenced KRT20 expression, particularly in CRC, which may explain why patients with well-differentiated CRC display better clinical outcomes. Therefore, the prognostic significance of KRT20 and PLAC8 may be particularly crucial for patients with CRC displaying a well-differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Chieh Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiun-Wen Guo
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ruey-Neng Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Long Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hung Shen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei‑Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jhih-Yun Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Taipei Wego Private Senior High School, Taipei 11254, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Emery-Corbin SJ, Grüttner J, Svärd S. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of Giardia intestinalis: Intestinal epithelial cell interactions. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 107:139-171. [PMID: 32122528 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a unicellular protozoan parasite that infects the small intestines of humans and animals. Giardiasis, the disease caused by the parasite, occurs globally across socioeconomic boundaries but is mainly endemic in developing countries and particularly within young children, where pronounced effects manifests in a failure to thrive condition. The molecular pathogenesis of Giardia has been studied using in vitro models of human and rat intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and parasites from the two major human genotypes or assemblages (A and B). High-quality, genome sequencing of representative isolates from assemblages A (WB) and B (GS) has enabled exploration of these host-parasite models using 'omics' technologies, allowing deep and quantitative analyses of global gene expression changes in IECs and parasites during their interactions, cross-talk and competition. These include a major up-regulation of immune-related genes in the IECs early after the start of interactions, as well as competition between host cells and parasites for nutrients like sugars, amino acids and lipids, which is also reflected in their secretome interactions. Unique parasite proteins dominate these interactions, with many major up-regulated genes being either hypothetical proteins or members of Giardia-specific gene families like the high-cysteine-rich membrane proteins (HCMPs), variable surface proteins (VSPs), alpha-giardins and cysteine proteases. Furthermore, these proteins also dominate in the secretomes, suggesting that they are important virulence factors in Giardia and crucial molecular effectors at the host-parasite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Emery-Corbin
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jana Grüttner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Svärd
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Kulus M, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Celichowski P, Kranc W, Kulus J, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Iżycki D, Bruska M, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Kempisty B. New Molecular Markers Involved in Regulation of Ovarian Granulosa Cell Morphogenesis, Development and Differentiation during Short-Term Primary In Vitro Culture-Transcriptomic and Histochemical Study Based on Ovaries and Individual Separated Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163966. [PMID: 31443152 PMCID: PMC6721001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, science has a lot of knowledge about the physiology of ovarian processes, especially folliculogenesis, hormone production and ovulation. However, the molecular basis for these processes remains largely undiscovered. The cell layer surrounding the growing oocyte—granulosa cells—are characterized by high physiological capabilities (e.g., proliferation, differentiation) and potential for growth in primary cultures, which predisposes them for analysis in the context of possible application of their cultures in advanced methods of assisted reproduction. In this study, we have used standard molecular approaches to analyze markers of these processes in primarily in vitro cultured porcine granulosa, subjected to conditions usually applied to cultures of similar cells. The material for our research came from commercially slaughtered pigs. The cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of tissues and in vitro culture in appropriate conditions. The obtained genetic material (RNA) was collected at specific time intervals (0 h—before culture; reference, 48, 98, 144 h) and then analyzed using expression microarrays. Genes that showed a fold change greater than |2| and an adjusted p value lower than 0.05 were described as differentially expressed. Three groups of genes: “Cell morphogenesis”, “cell differentiation” and “cell development” were analyzed. From 265 differently expressed genes that belong to chosen ontology groups we have selected DAPL1, CXCL10, NEBL, IHH, TGFBR3, SCUBE1, DAB1, ITM2A, MCOLN3, IGF1 which are most downregulated and PDPN, CAV1, TMOD1, TAGLN, IGFBP5, ITGB3, LAMB1, FN1, ITGA2, POSTN genes whose expression is upregulated through the time of culture, on which we focused in downstream analysis. The results were also validated using RT-qPCR. The aim of our work was to conduct primary in vitro culture of granulosa cells, as well as to analyze the expression of gene groups in relation to the proliferation of follicular granulosa cells in the model of primary culture in real time. This knowledge should provide us with a molecular insight into the processes occurring during the in vitro cultures of porcine granulosa cells, serving as a basic molecular entry on the extent of the loss of their physiological properties, as well as gain of new, culture-specific traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulus
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Kulus
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Antosik
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Iżycki
- Chair of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Samy KE, Levy ES, Phong K, Demaree B, Abate AR, Desai TA. Human intestinal spheroids cultured using Sacrificial Micromolding as a model system for studying drug transport. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9936. [PMID: 31289365 PMCID: PMC6616551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of the small intestine are crucial tools for the prediction of drug absorption. The Caco-2 monolayer transwell model has been widely employed to assess drug absorption across the intestine. However, it is now well-established that 3D in vitro models capture tissue-specific architecture and interactions with the extracellular matrix and therefore better recapitulate the complex in vivo environment. However, these models need to be characterized for barrier properties and changes in gene expression and transporter function. Here, we report that geometrically controlled self-assembling multicellular intestinal Caco-2 spheroids cultured using Sacrificial Micromolding display reproducible intestinal features and functions that are more representative of the in vivo small intestine than the widely used 2D transwell model. We show that Caco-2 cell maturation and differentiation into the intestinal epithelial phenotype occur faster in spheroids and that they are viable for a longer period of time. Finally, we were able to invert the polarity of the spheroids by culturing them around Matrigel beads allowing superficial access to the apical membrane and making the model more physiological. This robust and reproducible in vitro intestinal model could serve as a valuable system to expedite drug screening as well as to study intestinal transporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Samy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Levy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kiet Phong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Demaree
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Peptide Derived from Gastrointestinal Digestion of Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) Mozzarella Cheese. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030610. [PMID: 30871183 PMCID: PMC6471453 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the small intestine represents a barrier against harmful antigens and pathogens. Maintaining of the intestinal barrier depends largely on cell–cell interactions (adherent-junctions) and cell–matrix interactions (tight-junctions). Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by chronic inflammation, which induces a destructuring of the architecture junctional epithelial proteins with consequent rupture of the intestinal barrier. Recently, a peptide identified by Bubalus bubalis milk-derived products (MBCP) has been able to reduce oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells and erythrocytes. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of MBCP in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We studied the effect of MBCP on (i) inflamed human intestinal Caco2 cells and (ii) dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) mice model of colitis. We have shown that MBCP, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, both in vitro and in vivo induced the adherent epithelial junctions organization, modulated the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and reduced the intestinal permeability. Furthermore, the MBCP reverted the atropine and tubocurarine injury effects on adherent-junctions. The data obtained showed that MBCP possesses anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. These results could have an important impact on the therapeutic potential of MBCP in helping to restore the intestinal epithelium integrity damaged by inflammation.
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18
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Han Q, Sun ML, Liu WS, Zhao HS, Jiang LY, Yu ZJ, Wei MJ. Upregulated expression of ACTL8 contributes to invasion and metastasis and indicates poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1749-1763. [PMID: 30881029 PMCID: PMC6402434 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s185858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ACTL8 is a member of the CT antigens. There are only few studies on the role of ACTL8 in malignant tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and clinical significance of ACTL8 protein in colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and methods Human CRC tissues and cell lines, and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues and human intestinal epithelial cell lines were obtained to evaluate the expression of ACTL8. The association between protein expression of ACTL8 and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of CRC patients was examined. The biological functions of ACTL8 in the invasion and metastasis of CRC were determined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays after silencing of ACTL8 in CRC cell lines. The potential target genes of ACTL8 were also identified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting after silencing of ACTL8 in CRC cell lines. Results It was found that ACTL8 was upregulated in human CRC tissues and cell lines. The expression of ACTL8 was positively associated with poor differentiation, invasion and metastasis, postoperative infection, and poor prognosis, but negatively associated with proximal margin length. In addition, silencing of ACTL8 significantly decreased the capacity of invasion and migration in HT29 and SW620 CRC cell lines. Moreover, silencing of ACTL8 significantly decreased the expression of TRIM29 in HT29 and SW620 CRC cell lines. Conclusion These results suggest that ACTL8 plays a key role in the invasion and metastasis of CRC, and TRIM29 may be involved in the ACTL8-mediated poor prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China, ;
| | - Ming-Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China, ;
| | - Wen-Si Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China, ;
| | - Hai-Shan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China, ;
| | - Long-Yang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China, ;
| | - Zhao-Jin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China, ;
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China, ; .,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China,
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19
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Tunçer S, Banerjee S. Determination of Autophagy in the Caco-2 Spontaneously Differentiating Model of Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1854:55-70. [PMID: 28842896 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell line is widely used as a model for intestinal differentiation and barrier function. These cells, upon reaching confluency, spontaneously differentiate into enterocyte-like cells, synthesize intestinal enzymes, and form domes. Caco-2 cells also undergo autophagy in the course of differentiation. The criteria to establish the induction of autophagy in cells are already well established. Here, we describe the protocol for the spontaneous differentiation of Caco-2 cells and the detection of autophagy using Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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20
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Böhmert L, König L, Sieg H, Lichtenstein D, Paul N, Braeuning A, Voigt A, Lampen A. In vitro nanoparticle dosimetry for adherent growing cell monolayers covering bottom and lateral walls. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:42. [PMID: 30376850 PMCID: PMC6208118 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Even though a continuously high number of in vitro studies on nanoparticles are being published, the issue of correct dose matter is often not sufficiently taken into account. Due to their size, the diffusion of nanoparticles is slower, as compared to soluble chemicals, and they sediment slowly. Therefore, the administered dose of particles in in vitro experiments is not necessarily the same (effective) dose that comes into contact with the cellular system. This can lead to misinterpretations of experimental toxic effects and disturbs the meaningfulness of in vitro studies. In silico calculations of the effective nanoparticle dose can help circumventing this problem. Results This study addresses more complex in vitro models like the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 or the human liver cell line HepaRG, which need to be differentiated over a few weeks to reach their full complexity. During the differentiation time the cells grow up the wall of the cell culture dishes and therefore a three-dimensional-based in silico model of the nanoparticle dose was developed to calculate the administered dose received by different cell populations at the bottom and the walls of the culture dish. Moreover, the model can perform calculations based on the hydrodynamic diameter which is measured by light scattering methods, or based on the diffusion coefficient measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). This 3DSDD (3D-sedimentation-diffusion-dosimetry) model was experimentally verified against existing dosimetry models and was applied to differentiated Caco-2 cells incubated with silver nanoparticles. Conclusions The 3DSDD accounts for the 3D distribution of cells in in vitro cell culture dishes and is therefore suitable for differentiated cells. To encourage the use of dosimetry calculating software, our model can be downloaded from the supporting information. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0278-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Böhmert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Laura König
- Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Paul
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik, Ackerstraße 71-76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Voigt
- Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Lichtenstein D, Meyer T, Böhmert L, Juling S, Fahrenson C, Selve S, Thünemann A, Meijer J, Estrela-Lopis I, Braeuning A, Lampen A. Dosimetric Quantification of Coating-Related Uptake of Silver Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13087-13097. [PMID: 28918629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of mechanisms underlying the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) is an important topic in nanotoxicological research. Most studies dealing with silver NP uptake provide only qualitative data about internalization efficiency and do not consider NP-specific dosimetry. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the cellular uptake of differently coated silver NPs of comparable size in different human intestinal Caco-2 cell-derived models to cover also the influence of the intestinal mucus barrier and uptake-specialized M-cells. We used a combination of the Transwell system, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and ion beam microscopy techniques. The computational in vitro sedimentation, diffusion, and dosimetry (ISDD) model was used to determine the effective dose of the particles in vitro based on their individual physicochemical characteristics. Data indicate that silver NPs with a similar size and shape show coating-dependent differences in their uptake into Caco-2 cells. The internalization of silver NPs was enhanced in uptake-specialized M-cells while the mucus did not provide a substantial barrier for NP internalization. ISDD modeling revealed a fivefold underestimation of dose-response relationships of NPs in in vitro assays. In summary, the present study provides dosimetry-adjusted quantitative data about the influence of NP coating materials in cellular uptake into human intestinal cells. Underestimation of particle effects in vitro might be prevented by using dosimetry models and by considering cell models with greater proximity to the in vivo situation, such as the M-cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University , Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Juling
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Fahrenson
- ZELMI, Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Selve
- ZELMI, Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thünemann
- German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Meijer
- Nuclear Solid State Physics, Leipzig University , Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University , Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Mourad FH, Yau Y, Wasinger VC, Leong RW. Proteomics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Approach Using Animal Models. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2266-2276. [PMID: 28717845 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, proteomics studies have provided important information on the role of proteins in health and disease. In the domain of inflammatory bowel disease, proteomics has shed important light on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of inflammation and has contributed to the discovery of some putative clinical biomarkers of disease activity. By being able to obtain a large number of specimens from multiple sites and control for confounding environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors, proteomics studies using animal models of colitis offered an alternative approach to human studies. Our aim is to review the information and lessons acquired so far from the use of proteomics in animal models of colitis. These studies helped understand the importance of different proteins at different stages of the disease and unraveled the different pathways that are activated or inhibited during the inflammatory process. Expressed proteins related to inflammation, cellular structure, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and energy depletion advanced the knowledge about the reaction of intestinal cells to inflammation and repair. The role of mesenteric lymphocytes, exosomes, and the intestinal mucosal barrier was emphasized in the inflammatory process. In addition, studies in animal models revealed mechanisms of the beneficial effects of some therapeutic interventions and foods or food components on intestinal inflammation by monitoring changes in protein expression and paved the way for some new possible inflammatory pathways to target in the future. Advances in proteomics technology will further clarify the interaction between intestinal microbiota and IBD pathogenesis and investigate the gene-environmental axis of IBD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi H Mourad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 113-6044, Hamra, Beirut, 110 32090, Lebanon. .,Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia.
| | - Yunki Yau
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia
| | - Valerie C Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of NSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rupert W Leong
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia
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Ghietto LM, Toigo D'Angelo AP, Viale FA, Adamo MP. Human bocavirus 1 infection of CACO-2 cell line cultures. Virology 2017; 510:273-280. [PMID: 28777951 PMCID: PMC7172243 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a parvovirus associated with pneumonia in infants. It has been detected in different tissues, including colorectal tumors. In this study, we investigated whether Caco-2 cell line, derived from human colon cancer, can be utilized as a model for HBoV1 replication. We demonstrate HBoV1 replication in Caco-2 cultures supplemented with DEAE-dextran after inoculation with respiratory material from infected patients presenting with acute respiratory infection. A viral cycle of rapid development is displayed. However, in spite of HBoV1 DNA 4-fold increment in the supernatants and monolayers by day 1, evidencing that the system allows the virus genome replication after the entry occurred, infectious progeny particles were not produced. These results are consistent with an infection that is limited to a single growth cycle, which can be associated to mutations in the NS1 and VP1/VP2 regions of HBoV1 genome. Further research will contribute to fully elucidate these observations. HBoV1 replicates within 24 h in standard and differentiated Caco-2 cells. DNA is detected in attached cell and supernatant medium. Immunofluorescence tests evidences HBoV1 infection. DNA replication occurred but infectious progeny particles were not produced. The viral genome presents deleterious mutations at NS1 and VP1/VP2 regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía María Ghietto
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Paola Toigo D'Angelo
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Franco Agustin Viale
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Adamo
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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Nakpheng T, Songkarak S, Suwandecha T, Sritharadol R, Chunhachaichana C, Srichana T. Evidences for salbutamol metabolism by respiratory and liver cell lines. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 32:127-134. [PMID: 28318879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the enantiomeric biotransformation of salbutamol in the human respiratory and liver cells. The cells from the different cell growth cycles were treated with various concentrations of salbutamol sulfate. Salbutamol and its metabolites were analyzed using chiral liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. There were no metabolites of salbutamol found in the extracellular medium, intracellular, and cell lysate of respiratory cell lines. The S/R ratios of salbutamol were found to be 0.99-1.10 in all cell lines, cell cycles, and salbutamol concentrations in this study. Salbutamol metabolites were found only in intracellular HepG2 cells. The S/R ratios of the salbutamol inside the liver cells were 10 times greater than the S/R ratios of the salbutamol in the liver extracellular medium (0.99-1.10). It is important to note that the S/R ratios of salbutamol in liver cell lysate enzyme were 0.99-1.10 whereas the S/R salbutamol metabolites inside the liver cell were around 1.91-2.14. Both salbutamol and sulfate conjugation metabolites were detected in MS chromatograms with an m/z of 239.2 and 317.6, respectively. Hence, the delivery of salbutamol directly to the respiratory system is a right target that can avoid first-pass metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Supreedee Songkarak
- Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Tan Suwandecha
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Rutthapol Sritharadol
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Charisopon Chunhachaichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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Protein Kinase D2 Protects against Acute Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34079. [PMID: 27659202 PMCID: PMC5034322 DOI: 10.1038/srep34079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by dysregulation of the mucosal immune system resulting from impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function. Protein kinase D2 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses. The present study was to define PKD2 might affect murine colitis. Colitis was induced in wild-type mice (PKD2WT/WT) and PKD2 catalytic activity deficient mice (PKD2SSAA/SSAA) with dextran sulfate sodium. PKD2SSAA-knockin mice displayed catalytic activity deficiency and increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis with enhanced weight loss, colonic inflammation compared with PKD2WT/WT mice. Furthermore, crucial inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels in PKD2SSAA-knockin mice were higher than controls accompanied with down-regulation of ZO-1, MUC2 and intestinal barrier dysfunction. However, there were no differences in the proliferation or apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in PKD2SSAA-knockin mice compared with wild-type controls. In addition, PKD2 expression was repressed in patients with IBD compared with healthy controls. These studies suggested that activation of PKD2 in the colonic epithelium microenvironment may contribute to protect against DSS-induced colitis through regulation of intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function.
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Lněničková K, Procházková E, Skálová L, Matoušková P, Bártíková H, Souček P, Szotáková B. Catechins Variously Affect Activities of Conjugation Enzymes in Proliferating and Differentiated Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091186. [PMID: 27617982 PMCID: PMC6272958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of processes in intestinal cells is essential, as most xenobiotics come into contact with the small intestine first. Caco-2 cells are human colorectal adenocarcinoma that once differentiated, exhibit enterocyte-like characteristics. Our study compares activities and expressions of important conjugation enzymes and their modulation by green tea extract (GTE) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) using both proliferating (P) and differentiated (D) caco-2 cells. The mRNA levels of the main conjugation enzymes were significantly elevated after the differentiation of Caco-2 cells. However, no increase in conjugation enzymes’ activities in differentiated cells was detected in comparison to proliferating ones. GTE/EGCG treatment did not affect the mRNA levels of any of the conjugation enzymes tested in either type of cells. Concerning conjugation enzymes activities, GTE/EGCG treatment elevated glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity by approx. 30% and inhibited catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity by approx. 20% in differentiated cells. On the other hand, GTE as well as EGCG treatment did not significantly affect the activities of conjugation enzymes in proliferating cells. Administration of GTE/EGCG mediated only mild changes of GST and COMT activities in enterocyte-like cells, indicating a low risk of GTE/EGCG interactions with concomitantly administered drugs. However, a considerable chemo-protective effect of GTE via the pronounced induction of detoxifying enzymes cannot be expected as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Lněničková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Bártíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Souček
- Toxicogenomics Unit, Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, National Institute of Public Health, Prague CZ-10042, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
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Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and differentiation contribute toward the antiproliferative action of BSO and calcitriol on Caco-2 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 25:810-8. [PMID: 24681551 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis and incidence of colon cancer are linked to vitamin D3 serum levels. To evaluate the effects of D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), 1,25(OH)2D3 and their combination on intestinal Caco-2 cell growth, to elucidate the possible cellular mechanisms involved in their antiproliferative action, and to determine whether BSO acts as a sensitizer to 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, enabling minimization of the toxic effects caused by high doses of the steroid. Human colon cancer Caco-2 cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3, BSO, both, or vehicle. Cell proliferation was evaluated by crystal violet staining. Cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by flow cytometry. Total glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, superoxide anion levels, and alkaline phosphatase activities were analyzed by spectrophotometry. DNA fragmentation was evaluated using the terminal dUTP nick end labeling assay. BSO and 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited Caco-2 cell growth, an effect that was higher with the combined treatment. The antiproliferative effect produced by the combination could be protected by ascorbic acid. BSO plus 1,25(OH)2D3 induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell division. Total glutathione decreased and superoxide anion increased with BSO and BSO plus 1,25(OH)2D3. Catalase activity increased with the combined treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential and alkaline phosphatase activity were altered by 1,25(OH)2D3 alone or plus BSO. The percentage of terminal dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells was increased. BSO increases the antiproliferative effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Caco-2 cells through induction of oxidative stress, which occurs simultaneously with DNA breakage. The antioxidant system can partially compensate the damage induced by BSO plus 1,25(OH)2D3. Cell differentiation induction is also involved in the response to the combined treatment.
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Sinnecker H, Ramaker K, Frey A. Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:2308-15. [PMID: 25551058 PMCID: PMC4273246 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic nanoparticles (NPs) have found their way into many goods of everyday life. Inhalation, ingestion and skin contact are potential routes for NPs to enter the body. In particular the digestive tract with its huge absorptive surface area provides a prime gateway for NP uptake. Considering that NPs are covered by luminal gut-constituents en route through the gastrointestinal tract, we wanted to know if such modifications have an influence on the interaction between NPs and enterocytes. RESULTS We investigated the consequences of a treatment with various luminal gut-constituents on the adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells. Carboxylated polystyrene particles 20, 100 and 200 nm in size represented our anthropogenic NPs, and differentiated Caco-2 cells served as model for mature enterocytes of the small intestine. Pretreatment with the proteins BSA and casein consistently reduced the adherence of all NPs to the cultured enterocytes, while incubation of NPs with meat extract had no obvious effect on particle adherence. In contrast, contact with intestinal fluid appeared to increase the particle-cell interaction of 20 and 100 nm NPs. CONCLUSION Luminal gut-constituents may both attenuate and augment the adherence of NPs to cell surfaces. These effects appear to be dependent on the particle size as well as on the type of interacting protein. While some proteins will rather passivate particles towards cell attachment, possibly by increasing colloid stability or camouflaging attachment sites, certain components of intestinal fluid are capable to modify particle surfaces in such a way that interactions with cellular surface structures result in an increased binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sinnecker
- Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Priority Program Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Katrin Ramaker
- Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Priority Program Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Andreas Frey
- Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Priority Program Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
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The cultural divide: exponential growth in classical 2D and metabolic equilibrium in 3D environments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106973. [PMID: 25222612 PMCID: PMC4164521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular metabolism can be considered to have two extremes: one is characterized by exponential growth (in 2D cultures) and the other by a dynamic equilibrium (in 3D cultures). We have analyzed the proteome and cellular architecture at these two extremes and found that they are dramatically different. RESULTS Structurally, actin organization is changed, microtubules are increased and keratins 8 and 18 decreased. Metabolically, glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism and the pentose phosphate shunt are increased while TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation is unchanged. Enzymes involved in cholesterol and urea synthesis are increased consistent with the attainment of cholesterol and urea production rates seen in vivo. DNA repair enzymes are increased even though cells are predominantly in Go. Transport around the cell--along the microtubules, through the nuclear pore and in various types of vesicles has been prioritized. There are numerous coherent changes in transcription, splicing, translation, protein folding and degradation. The amount of individual proteins within complexes is shown to be highly coordinated. Typically subunits which initiate a particular function are present in increased amounts compared to other subunits of the same complex. SUMMARY We have previously demonstrated that cells at dynamic equilibrium can match the physiological performance of cells in tissues in vivo. Here we describe the multitude of protein changes necessary to achieve this performance.
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Álvarez-Chaver P, Otero-Estévez O, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Martínez-Zorzano VS. Proteomics for discovery of candidate colorectal cancer biomarkers. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3804-3824. [PMID: 24744574 PMCID: PMC3983438 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe and other Western countries, mainly due to the lack of well-validated clinically useful biomarkers with enough sensitivity and specificity to detect this disease at early stages. Although it is well known that the pathogenesis of CRC is a progressive accumulation of mutations in multiple genes, much less is known at the proteome level. Therefore, in the last years many proteomic studies have been conducted to find new candidate protein biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and as therapeutic targets for this malignancy, as well as to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis. An important advantage of the proteomic approaches is the capacity to look for multiple differentially expressed proteins in a single study. This review provides an overview of the recent reports describing the different proteomic tools used for the discovery of new protein markers for CRC such as two-dimensional electrophoresis methods, quantitative mass spectrometry-based techniques or protein microarrays. Additionally, we will also focus on the diverse biological samples used for CRC biomarker discovery such as tissue, serum and faeces, besides cell lines and murine models, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, and summarize the most frequently identified candidate CRC markers.
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Murakami K, Kurihara C, Oka T, Shimoike T, Fujii Y, Takai-Todaka R, Park Y, Wakita T, Matsuda T, Hokari R, Miura S, Katayama K. Norovirus binding to intestinal epithelial cells is independent of histo-blood group antigens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66534. [PMID: 23799113 PMCID: PMC3682964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Although histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been implicated in the initial binding of NoV, the mechanism of that binding before internalization is not clear. To determine the involvement of NoVs and HBGAs in cell binding, we examined the localization of NoV virus-like particles (VLPs) and HBGAs in a human intestinal cell line and the human ileum biopsy specimens by immunofluorescence microscopy. The localizations of Ueno 7k VLPs (genogroup II.6) and each HBGA (type H1-, H2- and Le(b)-HBGAs) on the human intestinal cell line, Caco-2, were examined by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. To explore any interactions of NoVs and HBGAs in vivo, fresh biopsy specimens from human ileum were directly incubated with NoV VLPs and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that VLP binding depended on the state of cell differentiation, but not on the presence of HBGAs. In differentiated Caco-2 cells, we detected no type H1 HBGAs, but VLPs bound to the cells anyway. We incubated fresh biopsies of human ileum directly with VLPs, a model that better replicates the in vivo environment. VLPs mainly bound epithelial cells and goblet cells. Although the incubations were performed at 4°C to hinder internalization, VLPs were still detected inside cells. Our results suggest that VLPs utilize molecule(s) other than HBGAs during binding and internalization into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Kurihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Oka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimoike
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Fujii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Takai-Todaka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - YoungBin Park
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Böhmert L, Girod M, Hansen U, Maul R, Knappe P, Niemann B, Weidner SM, Thünemann AF, Lampen A. Analytically monitored digestion of silver nanoparticles and their toxicity on human intestinal cells. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:631-42. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.815284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yang B, Cao L, Liu B, McCaig CD, Pu J. The transition from proliferation to differentiation in colorectal cancer is regulated by the calcium activated chloride channel A1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60861. [PMID: 23593331 PMCID: PMC3625186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breaking the balance between proliferation and differentiation in animal cells can lead to cancer, but the mechanisms maintaining this balance remain largely undefined. The calcium activated chloride channel A1 (CLCA1) is a member of the calcium sensitive chloride conductance family of proteins and is expressed mainly in the colon, small intestine and appendix. We show that CLCA1 plays a functional role in differentiation and proliferation of Caco-2 cells and of intestinal tissue. Caco-2 cells spontaneously differentiate either in confluent culture or when treated with butyrate, a molecule present naturally in the diet. Here, we compared CLCA1 expressional levels between patients with and without colorectal cancer (CRC) and determined the functional role of CLCA1 in differentiation and proliferation of Caco-2 cells. We showed that: 1) CLCA1 and CLCA4 expression were down-regulated significantly in CRC patients; 2) CLCA1 expression was up-regulated in Caco-2 cells induced to differentiate by confluent culture or by treatment with sodium butyrate (NaBT); 3) Knockdown of CLCA1 with siRNA significantly inhibited cell differentiation and promoted cell proliferation in Caco-2 confluent cultures, and 4) In Caco-2 3D culture, suppression of CLCA1 significantly increased cell proliferation and compromised NaBT-induced inhibition of proliferation. In conclusion, CLCA1 may contribute to promoting spontaneous differentiation and reducing proliferation of Caco-2 cells and may be a target of NaBT-induced inhibition of proliferation and therefore a potential diagnostic marker for CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JP); (BY)
| | - Lin Cao
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Colin D. McCaig
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Pu
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JP); (BY)
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Extensive quantitative remodeling of the proteome between normal colon tissue and adenocarcinoma. Mol Syst Biol 2013; 8:611. [PMID: 22968445 PMCID: PMC3472694 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2012.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In-depth proteomic analysis of microdissected colorectal cancer identifies extensive alterations in the cell-surface and nuclear proteomes between normal mucosa and adenocarcinoma, but observes strikingly little proteomic change between cancer and metastases. ![]()
First large-scale proteomic analysis of microdissected tissue from archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material. Quantitation of 7576 proteins between patient-matched samples of normal colonic mucosa, primary cancer, and nodal metastasis. Expression levels of 1808 proteins changed significantly between normal and cancer tissues. Total Protein Approach (TPA)—a new way to determine protein copy numbers per cell without protein standards.
We report a proteomic analysis of microdissected material from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer, quantifying >7500 proteins between patient matched normal mucosa, primary carcinoma, and nodal metastases. Expression levels of 1808 proteins changed significantly between normal and cancer tissues, a much larger fraction than that reported in transcript-based studies. Tumor cells exhibit extensive alterations in the cell-surface and nuclear proteomes. Functionally similar changes in the proteome were observed comparing rapidly growing and differentiated CaCo-2 cells. In contrast, there was minimal proteomic remodeling between primary cancer and metastases, suggesting that no drastic proteome changes are necessary for the tumor to propagate in a different tissue context. Additionally, we introduce a new way to determine protein copy numbers per cell without protein standards. Copy numbers estimated in enterocytes and cancer cells are in good agreement with CaCo-2 and HeLa cells and with the literature data. Our proteomic data set furthermore allows mapping quantitative changes of functional protein classes, enabling novel insights into the biology of colon cancer.
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Wrzesinski K, Fey SJ. After trypsinisation, 3D spheroids of C3A hepatocytes need 18 days to re-establish similar levels of key physiological functions to those seen in the liver. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tx20060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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García-Lorenzo A, Rodríguez-Piñeiro AM, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Cadena MPDL, Martínez-Zorzano VS. Changes on the Caco-2 secretome through differentiation analyzed by 2-D differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE). Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203071 PMCID: PMC3509587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is still a major health burden worldwide, and its diagnosis has not improved in recent years due to a lack of appropriate diagnostic serum markers. Aiming to find new diagnostic proteins, we applied the proteomic DIGE technology to analyze changes in the secretome before/after differentiation of the colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line, an accepted in vitro model to study colorectal tumorigenesis. When the secretomes from undifferentiated (tumor-like) and differentiated cells (resembling healthy enterocytes) were compared, we found 96 spots differentially expressed. After MS/MS analysis, 22 spots corresponding to 15 different proteins were identified. Principal component analysis demonstrated these 22 spots could serve as a discriminatory panel between the tumor-like and normal-like cells. Among the identified proteins, the translationally-controlled tumor protein (TCTP), the transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFβIp), and the Niemann-Pick disease type C2 protein (NPC2) are interesting candidates for future studies focused on their utility as serum biomarkers of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García-Lorenzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Dhiman M, Zago MP, Nunez S, Amoroso A, Rementeria H, Dousset P, Burgos FN, Garg NJ. Cardiac-oxidized antigens are targets of immune recognition by antibodies and potential molecular determinants in chagas disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28449. [PMID: 22238578 PMCID: PMC3251564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi elicits reactive oxygen species (ROS) of inflammatory and mitochondrial origin in infected hosts. In this study, we examined ROS-induced oxidative modifications in the heart and determined whether the resultant oxidized cardiac proteins are targets of immune response and of pathological significance in Chagas disease. Heart biopsies from chagasic mice, rats and human patients exhibited, when compared to those from normal controls, a substantial increase in protein 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) adducts. To evaluate whether oxidized proteins gain antigenic properties, heart homogenates or isolated cardiomyocytes were oxidized in vitro and one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE)/Western blotting (WB) was performed to investigate the proteomic oxidative changes and recognition of oxidized proteins by sera antibodies in chagasic rodents (mice, rats) and human patients. Human cardiomyocytes exhibited LD(50) sensitivity to 30 µM 4-HNE and 100 µM H(2)O(2) at 6 h and 12 h, respectively. In vitro oxidation with 4-HNE or H(2)O(2) resulted in a substantial increase in 4-HNE- and carbonyl-modified proteins that correlated with increased recognition of cardiac (cardiomyocytes) proteins by sera antibodies of chagasic rodents and human patients. 2D-GE/Western blotting followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis to identify cardiac proteins that were oxidized and recognized by human chagasic sera yielded 82 unique proteins. We validated the 2D-GE results by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and WB and demonstrated that oxidation of recombinant titin enhanced its immunogenicity and recognition by sera antibodies from chagasic hosts (rats and humans). Treatment of infected rats with phenyl-α-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN, antioxidant) resulted in normalized immune detection of cardiac proteins associated with control of cardiac pathology and preservation of heart contractile function in chagasic rats. We conclude that ROS-induced, cardiac-oxidized antigens are targets of immune recognition by antibodies and molecular determinants for pathogenesis during Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Paola Zago
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Sonia Nunez
- Hospital Público de Gestión Descentralizada San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Amoroso
- Servicio de Cirugia Cardiovascular, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | - Hugo Rementeria
- Servicio de Cirugia Cardiovascular, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | - Pierre Dousset
- Servicio de Cirugia Cardiovascular, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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