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Ensanimehr N, Dehshiri GR, Mousavi SF. Childhood Trauma and Parental Burnout: The Mediating Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Reflective Functioning. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241282569. [PMID: 39252161 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241282569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and reflective functioning in the association between childhood trauma and parental burnout. The participants included 402 mothers with children ranging in age from 1 to 6 years. Mothers completed the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) the parental reflective functioning questionnaire (PRFQ), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and Hayes Macro in SPSS was also used to analyze the effects of mediating variables. The results show that although childhood trauma and parental burnout do not have a direct and significant relationship, there is a significant indirect relationship through difficulties in emotional regulation and the two factors of parental reflective functioning, i.e., pre-mentalization, interest and curiosity about mental states. These findings contribute to the understanding of the importance of variables such as difficulties in emotion regulation and reflective functioning, which play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and parental burnout. This suggests that designing interventions and prevention to reduce parental burnout based on emotion regulation and reflective functioning may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ensanimehr
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Dehshiri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Lee KS, Gau SSF, Tseng WL. Autistic Symptoms, Irritability, and Executive Dysfunctions: Symptom Dynamics from Multi-Network Models. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:3078-3093. [PMID: 37453959 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Socio-cognitive difficulties in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are heterogenuous and often co-occur with irritability symptoms, such as angry/grouchy mood and temper outbursts. However, the specific relations between individual symptoms are not well-represented in conventional methods analyzing aggregated autistic symptoms and ASD diagnosis. Moreover, the cognitive-behavioral mechanisms linking ASD to irritability are largely unknown. This study investigated the dynamics between autistic (Social Responsiveness Scale) and irritability (Affective Reactivity Index) symptoms and executive functions (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery) in a sample of children and adolescents with ASD, their unaffected siblings, and neurotypical peers (N = 345, aged 6-18 years, 78.6% male). Three complementary networks across the entire sample were computed: (1) Gaussian graphical network estimating the conditional correlations between symptom nodes; (2) Relative importance network computing relative influence between symptoms; (3) Bayesian directed acyclic graph estimating predictive directionality between symptoms. Networks revealed numerous partial correlations within autistic (rs = .07-.56) and irritability (rs = .01-.45) symptoms and executive functions (rs = -.83 to .67) but weak connections between clusters. This segregated pattern converged in all directed and supplementary networks. Plausible predictive paths were found between social communication difficulties to autism mannerisms and between "angry frequently" to "lose temper easily." Autistic and irritability symptoms are two relatively independent families of symptoms. It is unlikely that executive dysfunctions explain elevated irritability in ASD. Findings underscore the need for researching other mood and cognitive-behavioral bridge symptoms, which may inform individualized treatments for co-occurring irritability in ASD.
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Grants
- R00 MH110570 NIMH NIH HHS
- R00MH110570 NIMH NIH HHS
- NSC98-3112-B-002-004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- NSC99-2627- B-002-015 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- NSC100-2627-B-002-014 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- NSC101-2627-B- 002-002 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- NSC 101-2314-B-002-136-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX104-10404PI National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX105-10404PI National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX106-10404PI National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX107-10404PI National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX108-10404PI National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX110-11002PI National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX111-11002PI National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
- 10R81918- 03101R892103 AIM for Top University Excellent Research Project
- 102R892103 AIM for Top University Excellent Research Project
- R00MH110570 NIMH NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shu Lee
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wang YC, Tai YM, Wu YY, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Gau SSF. A follow-up study of peer relationships in autistic and non-autistic youths: Mediating effects from autistic, emotional and behavioral symptoms. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 151:104768. [PMID: 38870673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how clinical features prospectively influence peer relationships in autistic populations. AIMS This study investigated the clinical symptoms mediating the link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and peer relationships at follow-up, i.e. the second time evaluation of this study. METHODS The sample consisted of 366 autistic youths and 134 non-autistic comparisons. The autistic traits and emotional/behavioral problems were measured at baseline by Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The interactions and problems with peers were assessed by the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (SAICA) at follow-up. RESULTS Each subscore of SRS and CBCL showed significant mediation effects. Multiple mediation analyses showed atypical social communication, social awareness problems, and delinquent behaviors mediated the link from ASD to less active peer interactions after controlling for sex, age, and IQ. Moreover, atypical social communication, social-emotional problems, and attention difficulties predicted problems with peers. After considering these mediation effects, the diagnosis of ASD still demonstrated a significantly direct effect on peer relationships at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings support that social-related autistic features, attention problems, and delinquent behaviors mediated a link between ASD and peer relationships. These mediators are potential measures for improving interactions and decreasing difficulties with peers in the autistic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ming Tai
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Chen X, Lin L, Xia H, Zhao S. Autistic traits and eating behaviors in Chinese preschoolers: Role of sensory profiles and home environment. Appetite 2024; 199:107406. [PMID: 38735308 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to 1) explore the association between autistic traits and eating behaviors in Chinese preschoolers; 2) explore the mediating role of sensory processing patterns on the relation of autistic traits and eating-related behaviors; and 3) examine home nurturing environment as a moderator between autistic traits and eating-related behaviors. We hypothesize that there is a significant association between autistic traits and eating behaviors, which is mediated by sensory processing patterns and moderated by the home nurturing environment. METHOD 509 children aged 3-4 years participated in this cross-sectional research. They were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) for autistic traits, the Chinese Preschoolers' Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CPEBQ) for eating-related behaviors, the Short Sensory Profile-Second Edition (SSP-2) for sensory processing patterns, and the Children Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire (CHNEQ) for home nurturing environment. Mediation regression analyses were used to examine the role of sensory processing patterns, while moderation analyses to examine the role of home nurturing environment. RESULTS We observed a positive association between autistic traits and eating behavior problems among typically developed children. Sensory processing patterns significantly mediated the impact of autistic traits on children's eating-related behaviors and home nurturing environment also moderated this relationship. DISCUSSION Our research suggests that Chinese preschoolers with higher autistic traits may face more eating challenges when they possess more heightened sensory processing patterns, while living in supportive home environments helps to improve their eating behaviors. These findings contribute to the understanding of how and to what extent eating problems are influenced by autistic traits, and they offer insight into the alleviation of eating problems from the perspectives of sensory patterns and family nurturing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Chen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Lifang Lin
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Huiyun Xia
- Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, 56 Yulu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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Gale-Grant O, Chew A, Falconer S, França LGS, Fenn-Moltu S, Hadaya L, Harper N, Ciarrusta J, Charman T, Murphy D, Arichi T, McAlonan G, Nosarti C, Edwards AD, Batalle D. Clinical, socio-demographic, and parental correlates of early autism traits in a community cohort of toddlers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8393. [PMID: 38600134 PMCID: PMC11006842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying factors linked to autism traits in the general population may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying divergent neurodevelopment. In this study we assess whether factors increasing the likelihood of childhood autism are related to early autistic trait emergence, or if other exposures are more important. We used data from 536 toddlers from London (UK), collected at birth (gestational age at birth, sex, maternal body mass index, age, parental education, parental language, parental history of neurodevelopmental conditions) and at 18 months (parents cohabiting, measures of socio-economic deprivation, measures of maternal parenting style, and a measure of maternal depression). Autism traits were assessed using the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) at 18 months. A multivariable model explained 20% of Q-CHAT variance, with four individually significant variables (two measures of parenting style and two measures of socio-economic deprivation). In order to address variable collinearity we used principal component analysis, finding that a component which was positively correlated with Q-CHAT was also correlated to measures of parenting style and socio-economic deprivation. Our results show that parenting style and socio-economic deprivation correlate with the emergence of autism traits at age 18 months as measured with the Q-CHAT in a community sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gale-Grant
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew Chew
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucas G S França
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sunniva Fenn-Moltu
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Harper
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Judit Ciarrusta
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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Chien YL, Tai YM, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Gau SSF. The mediators for the link between autism and real-world executive functions in adolescence and young adulthood. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:881-895. [PMID: 37522400 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231184733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Childhood factors that predict real-world executive function in autism spectrum disorder during the transition into adulthood are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the predictors for the behavioral and cognitive aspects of real-world executive function in late adolescent and young adult autistic populations. We followed up 289 autistic youth (mean age 11.6 years) and 203 non-autistic controls (10.7 years) to their ages of 16.9 and 15.8, respectively. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function scale was used to measure the real-world executive function at late adolescence and young adulthood at follow-up. Potential predictors such as autistic symptoms, inattention or hyperactivity symptoms, peer relationship, emotional symptoms, and parenting styles were assessed in childhood at first enrollment. The results showed that childhood inattention, withdrawn behaviors, social communication difficulties, and child-reported emotion and inattention/hyperactivity may predict real-world lower executive function in late adolescence and young adults with autism. When separating executive function into behavioral and cognitive aspects, we found that oppositional behaviors and peer problems were specific predictors for behavioral regulation and cognitive function, respectively. Our findings suggested that treating common predictors in childhood, such as inattention, may potentially improve real-world executive function in autism during the transition into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueh-Ming Tai
- Tri-Service General Hospital of National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Porter N, Loveland KA, Honda H, Yamane T. What is a Good Mother of Children with Autism? A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between the U.S. and Japan. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06232-y. [PMID: 38265574 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This study compared the characteristics of 'good mothers' of children with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) as perceived by mothers of children with ASD in two countries-the U.S. and Japan. Grounded in the theory of culturally-influenced construal of the self, we hypothesized that U.S. mothers would prioritize fostering self-reliance and advocating for their child's well-being while Japanese mothers would prioritize maintaining close and harmonious relationships with their child. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 52 U.S. and 51 Japanese mothers of children with ASD about the characteristics of a good mother of a child with ASD (GMA) and characteristics of a good mother in general (GMG) and compared the frequencies of 'good mother' categories emerging from thematic analysis. Mothers of children with ASD in both countries viewed guiding children as the most important characteristic for both GMG and GMA. As hypothesized, U.S mothers tended to emphasize a mother's active role in advocating for her children, getting her child services and intervention, and educating herself about ASD. In contrast, Japanese mothers tended to value a mother's ability to accept her child, know her child well, and provide adequate support for her child based on a child-oriented perspective. The mother's role of advocating for her child and educating herself emerged more frequently in responses regarding GMA than GMG in the U.S. sample. The study revealed cultural differences in characterization of GMA, suggesting that more indirect models of instruction may be effective for different cultural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Porter
- Department of Early Childhood Education, College of Education, Hokuriku Gakuin University, Kanazawa, Japan.
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA.
| | - Katherine A Loveland
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Hannah Honda
- Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center, Phoenix, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamane
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Chang JC, Lin HY, Gau SSF. Distinct developmental changes in regional gray matter volume and covariance in individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103860. [PMID: 38103476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few studies have investigated longitudinal clinical cohorts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Moreover, how baseline brain changes could affect the development of ADHD symptoms later in life remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to fill this gap by exploring brain and clinical changes in youth with ADHD using a longitudinal design. METHODS This prospective study consisted of 74 children and adolescents with ADHD and 50 age-, sex-, intelligence-matched typically developing controls (TDC), evaluated at baseline (aged 7-19 years) and re-evaluated 5.3 years later (a mean follow-up latency). We applied voxel-based morphometry to characterize brain structures, followed by both mass-univariate and multivariate structural covariance statistics to identify brain regions with significant diagnosis-by-time interactions from late childhood/adolescence to early adulthood. We used the cross-lagged panel model to investigate the longitudinal association between structural brain metrics and core ADHD symptoms. RESULTS The mass-univariate statistic revealed significant diagnosis-by-time interactions in the right striatum and the sixth lobule of the cerebellum. This was expressed by increased striatal and decreased cerebellar volume in ADHD, while TDC showed inverse volume changes over time. The multivariate method showed significant diagnosis-by-time interactions in a structural covariance network consisting of the regions involved in the functional sensory-motor and default-mode networks. Higher baseline right striatal and cerebellar volumes were associated with elevated ADHD symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a temporal association between the divergent development of striatal and cerebellar regions and dynamical ADHD phenotypic expression through young adulthood. These results highlight a potential brain marker of future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chi Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences and Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Su H, Cuskelly M, Gilmore L. Factors related to parenting styles of Chinese mothers of children with and without intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:573-587. [PMID: 36919244 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting styles play a crucial role in children's development. However, approaches to parenting children with intellectual disability (ID) beyond Western cultures have been underexamined. This study compared the self-reported parenting styles of Chinese mothers of children with and without ID and examined some factors that might be related. METHODS Chinese mothers of children with ID (n = 173) and mothers of typically developing children (n = 119) completed measures of their parenting style, parenting stress, parenting sense of competence and family support. RESULTS Both groups endorsed similar levels of authoritative parenting, but mothers of children with ID were more likely to report adopting strategies aligned with authoritarian parenting. For mothers in the ID group, family support moderated the effects of parenting stress and parenting sense of competence on authoritative parenting. Parenting stress and parenting sense of competence, respectively, predicted authoritarian parenting for mothers of children with and without ID. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of reducing parenting stress, strengthening parenting sense of competence and providing family support in order to promote optimal parenting styles for Chinese mothers of children with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Su
- Faculty of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M Cuskelly
- Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - L Gilmore
- Faculty of Creative Industries, Education and Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Chang JC, Lai MC, Chien YL, Cheng CY, Wu YY, Gau SSF. Psychometric properties of the Mandarin version of the autism diagnostic observation Schedule-Generic. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(23)00008-6. [PMID: 36732136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), involving multiple components of clinical assessments, is challenging. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), one of the standardized and validated instruments for ASD diagnostic evaluation, has been widely used in many countries. With the preparation of the Mandarin version of the ADOS-G (Mandarin-ADOS-G), this study aims to examine its psychometric properties, including reliability and validity. METHODS The sample included 554 individuals clinically diagnosed with ASD (477 males, 86.1%) and 50 typically developing (TD) individuals (29 males, 58.0%) who were assessed with different modules of the Mandarin-ADOS-G between 4.1 and 34.0 years old with a mean age of 13.0 years (Module 1, n = 40; Module 2, n = 46; Module 3, n = 275; Module 4, n = 243). We evaluated the inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity with the Chinese Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) caregiver-report and self-report forms. The discriminative validity of Mandarin-ADOS-G was also examined. RESULTS The Mandarin-ADOS-G demonstrated good inter-rater reliability (agreement of ADOS classification 0.91), good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlations 0.55-0.73), and low to high good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.27-0.86). The concurrent validity showed significant correlations with ADI-R (Pearson correlations 0.22-0.37) and the SRS caregiver-report form (Pearson correlations 0.15-0.23). Moreover, all Mandarin-ADOS-G domains successfully differentiated autistic individuals from TD individuals (all p-values <0.001). CONCLUSION The Mandarin-ADOS-G is a reliable and valid instrument for assisting the diagnosis of ASD in the Mandarin-speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chi Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health and Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- YuNing Psychiatric Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Baghdadli A, Audras-Torrent L, Rattaz C, Gonnier V, Ferrando L, Michelon C, Odoyer R, Maffre T, Picot MC. Multistage screening process for neurodevelopmental disorders in siblings of children with autism: the FRATSA protocol study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066520. [PMID: 36717133 PMCID: PMC9887699 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The elevated rates of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) among siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) raise concerns about their developmental monitoring and development. The main aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a standardised screening process on a large sample of siblings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective study will assess the feasibility of a selective and multi-stage screening process for NDD performed on 384 siblings of children with confirmed ASD. Stage 1 will consist of the screening of NDD performed using online parental questionnaires (Social Responsiveness Scale, IdentiDys scale, DCDQ, parental concerns) through a web platform. In cases of a positive result, the second stage, consisting of a clinical semi-structured interview with a psychologist, will be proposed to the sibling before referral for diagnosis and treatment, if necessary. Approximately 12 months after stage 2, parents will be contacted by telephone to collect the diagnosis established following the referrals and their level of satisfaction concerning the screening process. Based on an expected participation rate of 50%, to estimate this rate with an accuracy of 5%, it is necessary to screen 384 subjects. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Ethics Committee on the Research of Human Subjects of Paris (Ile de France VII) approved this study in March 2022 (number: 2021-A02241-40). Express consent is required from all participants. Findings from the cohort study will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentations at scientific meetings and conferences with associated teams. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05512637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaria Baghdadli
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neurodeveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lee Audras-Torrent
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neurodeveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Rattaz
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neurodeveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Gonnier
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neurodeveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laetitia Ferrando
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neurodeveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Michelon
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neurodeveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxane Odoyer
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Centre de Ressources Autisme Midi-Pyrénées, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Maffre
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Centre de Ressources Autisme Midi-Pyrénées, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neurodeveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Information, University Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Wang H, Liu S, Xu J, Hu X, Han ZR. Daily experiences and well-being of Chinese parents of children with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023:13623613221144191. [PMID: 36594108 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221144191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The present study examined the influences of child-related stress, parental coping and social support on parental daily subjective well-being (i.e. positive and negative affect, life satisfactory) in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder. For 14 days, a total of 76 parents (58 mothers) participated in the study and completed daily diaries. For mothers, child-related stress was related to lower life satisfaction; social support was related to higher life satisfaction that day. These daily relations were not found for fathers. Across all parents, avoidant coping was associated with higher negative affect and lower positive affect on the same day. Notably, daily positive coping was related to greater same-day positive affect as well as greater same-day and next-day life satisfaction. Interventions aimed at increasing positive coping and social support, and reducing child-related stress and avoidant coping are important to help parents maintain well-being, particularly for mothers of children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, China
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13
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Lin X, Su X, Huang S, Liu Z, Yu H, Wang X, Lin L, Cao M, Li X, Jing J. Association between maternal parenting styles and behavioral problems in children with ASD: Moderating effect of maternal autistic traits. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1107719. [PMID: 37143786 PMCID: PMC10153627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk of experiencing externalizing and internalizing problems. This study aimed to reveal how maternal parenting styles and autistic traits influence behavioral problems in children with ASD. Methods This study recruited 70 2-5 years children with ASD and 98 typically developing (TD) children. The Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were used to collect the maternal parenting styles and autistic traits, respectively. The children's behavioral problems were reported by the mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were used to determine whether maternal autistic traits moderated the association between parenting style and behavioral problems in the children. Results Compared to TD children, children with ASD exhibited more severe externalizing and internalizing problems (t = 4.85, p < 0.01). The ASD group scored lower in the maternal supportive/engaged parenting style than the TD group (t = 3.20, p < 0.01). In the TD group, the maternal AQ attention switching domain was positively correlated with internalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.03). In the ASD group, hostile/coercive parenting style was significantly correlated with externalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.02), whereas maternal AQ attention switching domain was negatively correlated with externalizing problems (β = -0.35, p = 0.02). Moreover, the maternal AQ attention switching domain moderated the association between hostile/coercive parenting style and children's externalizing problems (β = 0.33, p = 0.04). Conclusion Among ASD children, a hostile/coercive parenting style can increase the risks of children's externalizing problems, especially in the context of high levels of maternal attention-switching problems. Hence, the current study has important implications for the clinical practice of early family-level interventions for children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saijun Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizi Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuhong Li,
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jin Jing,
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14
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Cheng S, Cheng S, Liu S, Li Y. Parents' pandemic stress, parental involvement, and family quality of life for children with autism. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1061796. [PMID: 36530705 PMCID: PMC9751346 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1061796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research has shown that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffered high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and faced poor family quality of life (FQOL). However, little is known about the inherent dynamic interaction between pandemic stress and FQOL, especially in the Chinese cultural context. Aims This study provides preliminary evidence by examining the relationships among pandemic stress, parental involvement, and FQOL for children with autism in mainland China. Method A total of 709 parents of children with autism completed measures of FQOL, parental involvement, and pandemic stress. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the interrelations among these variables. Results Pandemic stress has direct effect and indirect effect mediated by parental involvement on FQOL. Two dimensions of pandemic stress had a direct effect on FQOL (β1 = 0.11; β2 = -0.55) and three dimensions had an indirect effect on FQOL through parental involvement (β1 = -0.097; β2 = 0.257; β3 = 0.114). Conclusion Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic affects family quality of life for children with autism in complex ways. Policies may be developed to enhance parental pragmatic hopefulness in the anti-epidemic victory and alleviate negative physical and mental reactions caused by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanyin Cheng
- School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clinical Characteristics and the Role of the Family. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121597. [PMID: 36552057 PMCID: PMC9775263 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety Disorder (AD) is among the most common psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Likewise, parental psychological distress (PPD) was linked to anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD. The aim of this study was to characterise, in a sample of children and adolescents with ASD, anxiety symptoms, the functional impairment associated and the presence of PPD. METHODS Participants were divided into three groups based on their diagnosis: children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ASD + AD, others with a diagnosis of AD but without a diagnosis of ASD, and others with a diagnosis of ASD but without a diagnosis of AD. RESULTS Group ASD + AD showed lower global functioning than Group ASD and Group AD. Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder and Specific Phobias were more frequent in Group ASD + AD. Our findings also showed higher depressive symptoms in Group ASD + AD, both in the child and parent reports. Finally, parents of the Group ASD + AD revealed higher levels of PPD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that early assessment of AD with functional impairment associated with the role of PPD could define individualised treatments and consequently mean a better prognosis in children and adolescents with ASD and AD.
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16
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Chen YC, Lin HY, Chien Y, Tung YH, Ni YH, Gau SSF. Altered gut microbiota correlates with behavioral problems but not gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with autism. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:161-178. [PMID: 36058421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite inconsistent results across studies, emerging evidence suggests that the microbial micro-environment may be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Geographical and cultural factors highly impact microbial profiles, and there is a shortage of data from East Asian populations. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize microbial profiles in an East Asian sample and explore whether gut microbiota contributes to clinical symptoms, emotional/behavioral problems, and GI symptoms in ASD. METHODS We assessed 82 boys and young men with ASD and 31 typically developing controls (TDC), aged 6-25 years. We analyzed the stool sample of all participants with 16S V3-V4 rRNA sequencing and correlated its profile with GI symptoms, autistic symptoms, and emotional/behavioral problems. RESULTS Autistic individuals, compared to TDC, had worse GI symptoms. There were no group differences in alpha diversity of species richness estimates (Shannon-wiener and Simpson diversity indices). Participants with ASD had an increased relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus torques group (at the genus level), and Bacteroides plebeius DSM 17135 (at the species level), while a decreased relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG 013, Ervsipelotrichaceae UCG 003, Parasutterella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Turicibacter (at the genus level), and Clostridium spiroforme DSM 1552 and Intestinimonas butyriciproducens (at the species level). Altered taxonomic diversity in ASD significantly correlated with autistic symptoms, thought problems, delinquent behaviors, self dysregulation, and somatic complaints. We did not find an association between gut symptoms and gut microbial dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that altered microbiota are associated with behavioral phenotypes but not GI symptoms in ASD. The function of the identified microbial profiles mainly involves the immune pathway, supporting the hypothesis of a complex relationship between altered microbiome, immune dysregulation, and ASD that may advance the discovery of molecular biomarkers for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Tung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Lee JYS, Whittingham K, Mitchell AE. Childhood experiences of being parented, adult attachment, psychological inflexibility, social engagement, and mental health of autistic adults. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 130:104343. [PMID: 36152473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic adults have an increased risk of poor mental health. Although parental care and overprotection in childhood influence later attachment and mental health in the general adult population, this has not been investigated in the autistic population. Likewise, the roles of psychological inflexibility and social engagement in influencing mental health outcomes for autistic adults have yet to be examined. AIMS To examine if retrospectively recalled childhood experiences of parental care and overprotection, as well as current adult attachment, psychological inflexibility and social engagement are associated with mental health in autistic adulthood. Further, to examine mediators of the association between parental care and overprotection and mental health in autistic adults. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A community-recruited convenience sample of 126 Australian autistic adults completed an online survey assessing childhood experiences of parental care and overprotection and current adult attachment, psychological inflexibility, social engagement, and mental health. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Linear regressions showed that psychological inflexibility was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress, followed by attachment anxiety (depression, anxiety) and attachment avoidance (anxiety, stress). Mediation analyses revealed that psychological inflexibility and attachment anxiety mediated the associations between parental care and overprotection and mental health outcomes in autistic adulthood. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Psychological inflexibility and adult attachment (anxious and avoidant attachment) are important to understanding mental health of autistic adults. Psychological inflexibility and attachment anxiety mediate associations between recalled childhood experiences of parental care and overprotection and mental health in autistic adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying Sarah Lee
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Marston E, Cho CC, Pridham K, McPherson AC, Polfuss M. Parenting styles and dimensions in parents of children with developmental disabilities. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:592-603. [DOI: 10.1002/nur.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Marston
- College of Nursing University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Chi C. Cho
- College of Health Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Karen Pridham
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Amy C. McPherson
- Bloorview Research Institute Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health & Rehabilitation Sciences Institute University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Michele Polfuss
- College of Nursing University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
- Department of Nursing Research and Evidence‐Based Practice Children's Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
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19
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Chien YL, Lin HY, Tung YH, Hwang TJ, Chen CL, Wu CS, Shang CY, Hwu HG, Tseng WYI, Liu CM, Gau SSF. Neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia revisited: similarity in individual deviation and idiosyncrasy from the normative model of whole-brain white matter tracts and shared brain-cognition covariation with ADHD and ASD. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3262-3271. [PMID: 35794186 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia is supported by multi-level impairments shared among schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite schizophrenia and typical neurodevelopmental disorders, i.e., autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as disorders of brain dysconnectivity, no study has ever elucidated whether whole-brain white matter (WM) tracts integrity alterations overlap or diverge between these three disorders. Moreover, whether the linked dimensions of cognition and brain metrics per the Research Domain Criteria framework cut across diagnostic boundaries remains unknown. We aimed to map deviations from normative ranges of whole-brain major WM tracts for individual patients to investigate the similarity and differences among schizophrenia (281 patients subgrouped into the first-episode, subchronic and chronic phases), ASD (175 patients), and ADHD (279 patients). Sex-specific WM tract normative development was modeled from diffusion spectrum imaging of 626 typically developing controls (5-40 years). There were three significant findings. First, the patterns of deviation and idiosyncrasy of WM tracts were similar between schizophrenia and ADHD alongside ASD, particularly at the earlier stages of schizophrenia relative to chronic stages. Second, using the WM deviation patterns as features, schizophrenia cannot be separated from neurodevelopmental disorders in the unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Lastly, the canonical correlation analysis showed schizophrenia, ADHD, and ASD shared linked cognitive dimensions driven by WM deviations. Together, our results provide new insights into the neurodevelopmental facet of schizophrenia and its brain basis. Individual's WM deviations may contribute to diverse arrays of cognitive function along a continuum with phenotypic expressions from typical neurodevelopmental disorders to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Hung Tung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology & Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Le Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Neurobiology & Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Neurobiology & Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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He B, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Wedding D. Marital Satisfaction and Perceived Family Support in Families of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Dyadic Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1227. [PMID: 35885754 PMCID: PMC9322168 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) causes tremendous stress for parents that may lead to marital conflict and relationship dissatisfaction. Many factors are associated with parent relationships including severity of autistic behaviors and social support. This study aimed to investigate whether severity of autistic behaviors, perceived family support, and complementarity of interpersonal styles between husbands and wives predicted couple satisfaction among the parents of children with ASD. METHOD Seven hundred ninety-seven parent dyads of children aged 7-14 years old with ASD participated in the study. Measurements used included couple satisfaction index, perceived family support using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, inter-personal style using the inventory of interpersonal problems, the ABC autism checklists as well as sociodemographic and related factors. The Actor Partner Interdependence Model estimated by multilevel modeling was used for analysis. RESULTS Perceived family support was relevant in married couples regarding their marital relationship, but the effects on husbands and wives differed. Husbands' relationship satisfaction was predicted by how they perceived being supported by family. The severity of autistic behaviors predicted relationship satisfaction but only actor effect. Negative prediction of interpersonal complementarity on couple satisfaction was observed. In addition, time spent on raising children had a negative impact on the quality of the relationship. Partner effect of time spent was observed among women. CONCLUSION Dyadic analysis using an actor-partner independence model confirmed perception of family support predicts relationship satisfaction among parents of children with ASD in addition to the severity of autistic behaviors and time spent caring for children. Complementarity of individual interpersonal style had no effect on couple satisfaction. This research suggests implications for interventions regarding building skills that elicit support from family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijing He
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.H.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.H.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.H.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Danny Wedding
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.H.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Clinical and Humanistic Psychology, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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21
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Seng GJ, Lai MC, Goh JOS, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Gray matter volume alteration is associated with insistence on sameness and cognitive flexibility in autistic youth. Autism Res 2022; 15:1209-1221. [PMID: 35491911 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies suggest that insistence on sameness (IS) characterized as higher-order RRBs may be a promising subgrouping variable for ASD. Cognitive inflexibility may underpin IS behaviors. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of IS and associated cognitive functions remain unclear. We analyzed data from 140 autistic youth and 124 typically developing (TD) youth (mean age = 15.8 years). Autistic youth were stratified by median-split based on three current IS items in the autism diagnostic interview-revised into two groups (high, HIS, n = 70, and low, LIS, n = 70). Differences in cognitive flexibility were assessed by the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB). T1-weighted brain structural images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify differences in gray matter (GM) volume among the three groups. GM volume of regions showing group differences was then correlated with cognitive flexibility. The HIS group showed decreased GM volumes in the left supramarginal gyrus compared to the LIS group and increased GM volumes in the vermis VIII and left cerebellar lobule VIII compared to TD individuals. We did not find significant correlations between regional GM volumes and extra-dimensional shift errors. IS may be a unique RRB component and a potentially valuable stratifier of ASD. However, the neurocognitive underpinnings require further clarification. LAY SUMMARY: The present study found parietal, temporal and cerebellar gray matter volume alterations in autistic youth with greater insistence on sameness. The findings suggest that insistence on sameness may be a useful feature to parse the heterogeneity of the autism spectrum yet further research investigating the underlying neurocognitive mechanism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jye Seng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health and Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua Oon Soo Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Issac Tseng
- College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ghorbani S, Gharraee B, Hosseini F, Maghami Sharif Z, Aghebati A. Changing parenting style between two generations and its impacts on the severity of behavioral and emotional symptoms. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2022; 14:e12448. [PMID: 33480179 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to compare the perceived parenting dimensions in mothers and their daughters (differences between two generations), and study the relationship between these dimensions and the severity of daughters' behavioral and emotional symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS 300 participants (150 daughters with their mothers) participated in this study. They responded to the perceived parenting styles questionnaire (PSQ), and mothers were additionally asked to answer the child symptoms inventory-4 (CSI-4). Data analysis was done by the SPSS using the paired sample t-test and multiple regressions. RESULTS The results indicated a significant difference between perceived parenting dimensions in mothers and their daughters; specifically, acceptance and control dimensions increased through generation. It was also found that daughters' acceptance-rejection dimension could predict the severity of the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, autism spectrum disorders, depression, dysthymia, conduct disorders, and opposite defiant disorders. The control-autonomy dimension could also predict the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. CONCLUSION The results indicate the different parenting styles between two generations and the critical role of parenting in developing the children's psychopathology symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Ghorbani
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Gharraee
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Hosseini
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Maghami Sharif
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Aghebati
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Hsiao MN, Tai YM, Wu YY, Tsai WC, Chiu YN, Gau SSF. Psychopathologies mediate the link between autism spectrum disorder and bullying involvement: A follow-up study. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1739-1747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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24
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Kang YQ, Teo CM, Tan ML, Aw MM, Chan YH, Chong SC. Feeding difficulties in Asian children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 63:48-56. [PMID: 34538733 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize the nature and severity of feeding difficulties in Asian young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and identify potential predictors of poorer feeding outcomes. METHODS Cross sectional study of children aged 1-7 years with ASD. Parents completed the following: demographic information, brief autism mealtime behavior inventory, aberrant behavior checklist (ABC), behavioral pediatrics feeding assessment scale (BPFAS) and caregiver feeding style questionnaire. Additional information (medical data, cognitive and developmental assessment results, e.g., Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition, Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, etc.) were subsequently obtained from electronic medical records retrospectively by one of the study team members. RESULTS Of the 67 children, 28.4% had feeding difficulties (high BPFAS total frequency score). Caregiver feeding styles were authoritarian (34.8%) or indulgent (39.4%). Child characteristics did not significantly predict for the severity of feeding difficulties. Univariate analysis revealed that authoritarian feeding style (p = 0.001) and ABC hyperactivity score (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with BPFAS severity score. Multivariate analysis revealed that ABC hyperactivity score remained significantly associated with BPFAS severity score after controlling for all other ABC subscale scores. A final regression model including all child characteristics and ABC scores did not reveal any significant predictors of BPFAS total frequency score (R2 = 0.557). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between hyperactivity, authoritarian feeding style and feeding difficulties. Children with ASD who have significant hyperactivity behaviors in the context of parents with an authoritarian feeding style should be actively screened for problematic feeding behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi Kang
- Child Development Unit, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Charmaine Min Teo
- Child Development Unit, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Michelle Ln Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Marion M Aw
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University, Singapore
| | - Shang Chee Chong
- Child Development Unit, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Koukouriki E, Athanasopoulou E, Andreoulakis E. Feelings of Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction in Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Birth Order and Perceived Social Support. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4722-4738. [PMID: 34741232 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness has been associated with several adverse psychosocial outcomes in childhood and adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction in school-aged typically-developing (TD) siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For this purpose, 118 siblings of children with ASD and 115 siblings of TD children and one of their parents participated in this study. Siblings of ASD-children reported higher levels of loneliness and social dissatisfaction than the controls. The hierarchical multiple regressions performed revealed that those feelings were inversely associated with being the first-born and with specific aspects of social support as perceived by the parent. The younger siblings of ASD-children seem to be in need of certain interventions beyond social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Koukouriki
- Special Education Laboratory, Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. .,Centre for Educational and Counseling Services of Trikala, 2 Botsari str, 42132, Trikala, Greece.
| | - Evangelini Athanasopoulou
- Community Centre for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "G. Papanikolaou", 57010, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Elias Andreoulakis
- Adult Psychiatric Unit, Department of Thessaloniki, Hellenic Centre for Mental Health and Research, Thessaloníki, Greece
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Seng GJ, Tseng WL, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Wu YY, Gau SSF. Executive functions in youths with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2571-2580. [PMID: 32349803 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive dysfunction is one of the main cognitive theories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite evidence of deficits in executive functions in individuals with ASD, little is known about executive dysfunctions as candidate cognitive endophenotypes for ASD. In this study, we investigated executive functions in youths with ASD, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls (TDC). METHODS We recruited 240 youths with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (aged 6-18 years), 147 unaffected siblings of ASD youths, and 240 TDC youths. TDC youths were recruited based on the age and sex distribution of the ASD youths. Participants were assessed using the verbal Digit Span test and four executive function tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, including Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional Shift (I/ED), Spatial Span (SSP), Spatial Working Memory (SWM), and Stocking of Cambridge (SoC). RESULTS ASD youths, relative to TDC, performed significantly worse in executive function tasks assessing verbal working memory (forward and backward digit span), set-shifting (I/ED), visuospatial working memory (SSP, SWM), and planning/problem solving (SoC). Furthermore, unaffected siblings, relative to TDC, performed worse in forward and backward digit recalls and made more errors in SWM. These results were independent of the effects of age, sex, IQ, and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support impaired executive functions in youths with ASD. However, unaffected siblings were mostly unimpaired except in the areas of verbal and spatial working memory, which may be potential cognitive endophenotypes for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jye Seng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Ni HC, Lin HY, Chen YL, Hung J, Wu CT, Wu YY, Liang HY, Chen RS, Shur-Fen Gau S, Huang YZ. 5-day Multi-Session Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation over Bilateral Posterior Superior Temporal Sulci in Adults with Autism-a Pilot Study. Biomed J 2021; 45:696-707. [PMID: 34358713 PMCID: PMC9486126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol with shorter simulation duration and lower stimulus intensity, could be a better protocol for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study aimed to explore the impacts of intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) on intellectually able adults with ASD. Methods In this randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled crossover trial, 13 adults with ASD completed iTBS for 5 consecutive days over the bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control) in a 16-weeks interval and in a randomly assigned order. The neuropsychological function was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive flexibility while the clinical outcomes were measured with both self-rate and parents-rate Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) before and after 5-day iTBS interventions. Results The results revealed significantly immediate effects of multi-session iTBS over the bilateral pSTS on parent-rate autistic symptoms in adults with ASD. The post-hoc analysis revealed the impacts of multi-session iTBS on cognitive flexibility were affected by baseline social-communicative impairment and baseline cognitive performance. Besides, the impacts of multi-session iTBS on clinical symptoms was affected by the concurrent psychotropic medication use and baseline autistic symptoms. Conclusions Given the caveat of the small sample size and discrepancy of multiple informants, this pilot study suggests the therapeutic potential of 5-day multi-session iTBS over the pSTS in adults with ASD. Individual factors modulating the response to rTMS should be explicitly considered in the future trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre & Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - June Hung
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan; Medical School, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Tung YH, Lin HY, Chen CL, Shang CY, Yang LY, Hsu YC, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Whole Brain White Matter Tract Deviation and Idiosyncrasy From Normative Development in Autism and ADHD and Unaffected Siblings Link With Dimensions of Psychopathology and Cognition. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:730-743. [PMID: 33726525 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) preclude definitive identification of neurobiomarkers and biological risks. High clinical overlap suggests multifaceted circuit-level alterations across diagnoses, which remains elusive. This study investigated whether individuals with ADHD or ASD and their unaffected siblings constitute a spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions in terms of white matter etiology. METHODS Sex-specific white matter tract normative development was modeled from diffusion MRI of 626 typically developing control subjects (ages 5-40 years; 376 of them male). Individualized metrics estimating white matter tract deviation from the age norm were derived for 279 probands with ADHD, 175 probands with ASD, and their unaffected siblings (ADHD, N=121; ASD, N=72). RESULTS ASD and ADHD shared diffuse white matter tract deviations in the commissure and association tracts (rho=0.54; p<0.001), while prefrontal corpus callosum deviated more remarkably in ASD (effect size=-0.36; p<0.001). Highly correlated deviance patterns between probands and unaffected siblings were found in both ASD (rho=0.69; p<0.001) and ADHD (rho=0.51; p<0.001), but only unaffected sisters of ASD probands showed a potential endophenotype in long-range association fibers and projection fibers connecting prefrontal regions. ADHD and ASD shared significant white matter tract idiosyncrasy (rho=0.55; p<0.001), particularly in tracts connecting prefrontal regions, not identified in either sibling group. Canonical correlation analysis identified multiple dimensions of psychopathology/cognition across categorical entities; autistic, visual memory, intelligence/planning/inhibition, nonverbal-intelligence/attention, working memory/attention, and set-shifting/response-variability were associated with distinct sets of white matter tract deviations. CONCLUSIONS When conceptualizing neurodevelopmental disorders as white matter tract deviations from normative patterns, ASD and ADHD are more alike than different. The modest white matter tract alterations in siblings suggest potential endophenotypes in these at-risk populations. This study further delineates brain-driven dimensions of psychopathology/cognition, which may help clarify within-diagnosis heterogeneity and high between-diagnosis co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Tung
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
| | - Chang-Le Chen
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
| | - Chi-Yung Shang
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
| | - Li-Ying Yang
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
| | - Yung-Chin Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Tung); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Tung, Lin, Shang, Gau); Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lin); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lin); Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Chen, Yang, Hsu, Tseng); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (Tseng, Gau); Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Tseng)
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Chang JC, Lai MC, Tai YM, Gau SSF. Mental health correlates and potential childhood predictors for the wish to be of the opposite sex in young autistic adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:146-159. [PMID: 34120486 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211024098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic people/people with autism spectrum disorder are more likely to experience gender dysphoria. However, the possible longitudinal predictors and underlying mechanisms of this co-occurrence are unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed 88 people with autism spectrum disorder and 42 typically developing individuals at their average ages of 13.0 (baseline, childhood/adolescence) and 20.2 years old (follow-up, adulthood). At follow-up, their endorsement on the item "I wish I was the opposite sex" was used to evaluate gender dysphoric symptoms. We compared mental health symptoms between adults with and without this item endorsement at the follow-up assessment. We explored parent-reported family and autism characteristics-related predictors in childhood/adolescence to this item endorsement in adulthood. We found that more autistic adults reported the wish to be of the opposite sex than did typically developing individuals. Autistic adults who endorsed this item experienced more mental health challenges, more school bullying and cyberbullying, more suicidal ideation, and worse quality of life. Moreover, parent-reported lower family support and more stereotyped/repetitive behaviors during childhood/adolescence predicted the self-reported wish to be of the opposite sex in adulthood in autistic individuals. More attention and support should be provided to autistic people regarding gender development and related mental health and quality of life impact, especially during the transition period to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,University of Toronto, Canada.,University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Mechanisms of the Effects of Parental Emotional Warmth on Extraversion in Children and Adolescents. Neuroscience 2021; 467:134-141. [PMID: 34038771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to probe into the influence mechanism of parental emotional warmth (PEW) on extraversion for children and adolescents, as well as the moderating and mediating role of brain functional activity. Thirty-two children and adolescents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans and completed Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Small-worldness (SW) of brain networks, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and region-of-interest to region-of-interest (ROI-ROI) functional connectivity were calculated to study intrinsic neuronal activity. We found that PEW had a positive direct effect on extraversion, and all participants in the current study showed an efficient small-world structure. The positive association between PEW and extraversion was mediated by SW. Furthermore, the fALFF and extraversion were significantly and negatively correlated in the right precuneus and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. The mediating effect of SW was moderated by the functional connectivity between the right precuneus and the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. The indirect effect was significant with lower level of the functional connectivity between the right precuneus and the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. These findings indicate that SW of brain networks may be a key factor that accounts for the positive association between PEW and extraversion in children and adolescents and the level of the functional connectivity between the right precuneus and the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus could moderate the relationship.
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Polygenic risk for autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and neuroticism is associated with the experience of childhood abuse. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1696-1705. [PMID: 33483690 PMCID: PMC8164961 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
People who experience childhood abuse are at increased risk of mental illness. Twin studies suggest that inherited genetic risk for mental illness may account for some of these associations. Yet, the hypothesis that individuals who have experienced childhood abuse may carry genetic loading for mental illness has never been tested with genetic data. Using polygenic risk scores for six psychiatric disorders-attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), neuroticism, and schizophrenia-we tested whether genetic risk for mental illness was associated with increased risk of experiencing three types of childhood abuse: physical/emotional abuse, physical assault, and sexual abuse, in a cohort of white non-Hispanic women (n = 11,315). ADHD and MDD genetic risk scores were associated with a higher risk of experiencing each type of childhood abuse, while neuroticism, schizophrenia, BPD, and ASD genetic scores were associated with a higher risk of experiencing physical/emotional abuse and physical assault, but not sexual abuse. Sensitivity analyses examining potential bias from the differential recall of childhood trauma, parental socioeconomic status, and population stratification were consistent with the main findings. A one-standard-deviation increase in genetic risk for mental illness was associated with a modestly elevated risk of experiencing childhood abuse (OR range: 1.05-1.19). Therefore, inherited genetic risk may partly account for the association of childhood abuse with mental illness. In addition, future treatments for mental illness will benefit from taking into consideration the co-occurrence of childhood trauma and genetic loading.
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Boys with autism spectrum disorder have distinct cortical folding patterns underpinning impaired self-regulation: a surface-based morphometry study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2464-2476. [PMID: 31512098 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although impaired self-regulation (dysregulation) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) garnered increasing awareness, the neural mechanism of dysregulation in ASD are far from conclusive. To complement our previous voxel-based morphometry findings, we estimated the cortical thickness, surface area, and local gyrification index based on the surface-based morphometry from structural MRI images in 85 ASD and 65 typically developing control (TDC) boys, aged 7-17 years. Levels of dysregulation were measured by the sum of T-scores of Attention, Aggression, and Anxiety/Depression subscales on the Child Behavior Checklist. We found both ASD and TDC shared similar relationships between dysregulation and cortical folding patterns in the left superior and inferior temporal gyri and the left premotor cortex. Significant diagnosis by dysregulation interactions in cortical folding patterns were identified over the right middle frontal and right lateral orbitofrontal regions. The statistical significance of greater local gyrification index in ASD than TDC in several brain regions disappeared when the level of dysregulation was considered. The findings of shared and distinct neural correlates underpinning dysregulation between ASD and TDC may facilitate the development of targeted interventions in the future. The present work also demonstrates that inter-subject variations in self-regulation may explain some extents of ASD-associated brain morphometric differences, likely suggesting that dysregulation is one of the yardsticks for dissecting the heterogeneity of ASD.
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Chang JC, Lin HY, Lv J, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Regional brain volume predicts response to methylphenidate treatment in individuals with ADHD. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33430830 PMCID: PMC7798216 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the effectiveness of methylphenidate for treating ADHD, up to 30% of individuals with ADHD show poor responses to methylphenidate. Neuroimaging biomarkers to predict medication responses remain elusive. This study characterized neuroanatomical features that differentiated between clinically good and poor methylphenidate responders with ADHD. METHODS Using a naturalistic observation design selected from a larger cohort, we included 79 drug-naive individuals (aged 6-42 years) with ADHD without major psychiatric comorbidity, who had acceptable baseline structural MRI data quality. Based on a retrospective chart review, we defined responders by individuals' responses to at least one-month treatment with methylphenidate. A nonparametric mass-univariate voxel-based morphometric analysis was used to compare regional gray matter volume differences between good and poor responders. A multivariate pattern recognition based on the support vector machine was further implemented to identify neuroanatomical indicators to predict an individual's response. RESULTS 63 and 16 individuals were classified in the good and poor responder group, respectively. Using the small-volume correction procedure based on the hypothesis-driven striatal and default-mode network masks, poor responders had smaller regional volumes of the left putamen as well as larger precuneus volumes compared to good responders at baseline. The machine learning approach identified that volumetric information among these two regions alongside the left frontoparietal regions, occipital lobes, and posterior/inferior cerebellum could predict clinical responses to methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest regional striatal and precuneus gray matter volumes play a critical role in mediating treatment responses in individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chi Chang
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Junglei Lv
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney Imaging and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Wen-Yih Issac Tseng
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Naeem AA, El-boraie HA, Abou-Elsaad TA, Khater ME, Manzar MD, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, Zaki NF. Can sleep profiles predict autistic traits in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder? Sleep Sci 2021; 14:214-223. [PMID: 35186199 PMCID: PMC8848519 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the prevalence of ASD (autism spectrum disorder) continues to rise, so does the need to evaluate the impact of associated difficulties on both the diagnosed child and the immediate family. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess reports of sleep disturbance or abnormal sleep behaviours (sleep profiles) in the siblings of diagnosed autistic children (referred to throughout this study as high-risk siblings, or HR-sibs) and to determine if these sleep patterns correlated with evidence of disturbed sleep among their siblings who had full symptoms of autistic spectrum disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case control cross-sectional study investigated 64 autistic children, 80 HR-sibs, and 80 typically developing children. Each study subject was assessed for sleep problems and autistic traits through the use of a sleep-wake diary, a school sleep habit survey, and a childhood autism spectrum test. RESULTS Children with autism spectrum disorders and their HR-sibs showed no significant differences regarding their sleep profiles. Typically, developing children had more middle insomnia than HR-sibs and had more wake latency. CONCLUSION Increased risks for sleep problems in children with autism and their HR-sibs emphasized the importance of early screening for sleep problems in children with autism and their siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala A. El-boraie
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Tamer A. Abou-Elsaad
- Phoniatrics Unit, Department of E.N.T., Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E. Khater
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Md. Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nevin Fayez Zaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. , Sleep Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. ,Corresponding author: Nevin Fayez Zaki. E-mail:
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Wang H, Hu X, Han ZR. Parental stress, involvement, and family quality of life in mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder in mainland China: A dyadic analysis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 107:103791. [PMID: 33091710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are burdened with childcare responsibilities and at increased risk for elevated stress and poor family quality of life (FQOL). Little is known, however, about the dynamic interactions between mothers' and fathers' perceived parenting stress in relating to parental involvement and FQOL, especially in the Chinese cultural context. AIMS This study examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal effects of parenting stress on parental involvement and FQOL for families of children with ASD in mainland China. METHOD A total of 210 Chinese couples (total N = 420) completed measures of caregiving involvement, perceived parenting stress, and FQOL. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) was employed to examine the dyadic relationships among the variables. RESULTS Both parents' parenting stress was negatively associated with their own involvement and FQOL. Moreover, fathers' parenting stress was indirectly related to mothers' perceptions of FQOL through their involvement in the care of their child with ASD. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the important roles of fathers' parenting stress and involvement in affecting their own and their partners' satisfaction with FQOL within Chinese families raising a child with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Special Education, Education Research Center for Children With ASD, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Hemati Alamdarloo G, Mradi H. The effectiveness of sensory integration intervention on the emotional-behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-12-2019-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Autism spectrum disorder is a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of sensory integration intervention on emotional-behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Design/methodology/approach
This research was conducted in a pretest-posttest design with control group. The participants were 30 children with autism spectrum disorder (6–11 years old) who were selected through convenience sampling from among children with autism spectrum disorder in Zeinab center of Isfahan and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects. The children of the experimental group received 14 sessions of sensory integration intervention while the control group did not receive this intervention. To measure emotional-behavioral problems, the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Second Edition was used. To analyze the data, ANCOVA and MANCOVA tests were used.
Findings
The results showed that sensory integration intervention improves emotional-behavioral problems and its subscales (hyperactivity, aggression, behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, somatization, attention problems, learning difficulties, atypicality and withdrawal) in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Research limitations/implications
Therefore, it can be concluded that sensory integration intervention can be a suitable treatment for reducing sensory problems and improving emotional-behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Originality/value
The study of the effect of sensory integration on emotional-behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder is necessary as a simple and non-side-effect educational and therapeutic method, both as a step to fill the research gap in this field, besides being a cheap and affordable way for improving the various skills of children with autism spectrum disorder for professionals, teachers, parents and educators.
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Caregiver- and Child-Reported Anxiety Using an Autism-Specific Measure: Measurement Properties and Correlates of the Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASC-ASD) in Verbal Young People with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:2646-2662. [PMID: 33025362 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and measuring anxiety in young people on the autism spectrum can be challenging. The present study investigated the use of the Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASC-ASD), a self- and caregiver-rated screening tool in a Singaporean sample of ninety-one verbal autistic youths and their caregivers. Internal consistency ranged from satisfactory to desirable (α = .74-.92). Convergent validity with medium-large effect size was established using a structured diagnostic interview, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). ASC-ASD scores were positively associated with autistic symptoms and response patterns indicated strong endorsement of autism-specific items. The findings are discussed in relation to existing literature on assessment of anxiety in ASD and in light of the study's strengths and limitations.
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Lin YN, Iao LS, Lee YH, Wu CC. Parenting Stress and Child Behavior Problems in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Transactional Relations Across Time. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:2381-2391. [PMID: 32965625 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the transactional relations between parenting stress and both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over 1.5 years using a cross-lagged panel analysis. Participants included 75 young children with ASD (Time 1; mean age = 25.68 months) and their parents. Parenting stress that was related to parent's perceptions on child characteristics was found to predict externalizing behavioral problems in young children with ASD across two time points. However, behavioral problems in young children with ASD did not predict parenting stress. These findings provide implications for early intervention and family services for young children with ASD and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Nung Lin
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 8F, Chi-Shih Building, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Sang Iao
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yu-Han Lee
- Clinical Psychology Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 8F, Chi-Shih Building, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Association of self-regulation with white matter correlates in boys with and without autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13811. [PMID: 32796900 PMCID: PMC7429820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated distinct neural correlates underpinning impaired self-regulation (dysregulation) between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing controls (TDC). However, the impacts of dysregulation on white matter (WM) microstructural property in ASD and TDC remain unclear. Diffusion spectrum imaging was acquired in 59 ASD and 62 TDC boys. We investigated the relationship between participants’ dysregulation levels and microstructural property of 76 WM tracts in a multivariate analysis (canonical correlation analysis), across diagnostic groups. A single mode of brain-behavior co-variation was identified: participants were spread along a single axis linking diagnosis, dysregulation, diagnosis-by-dysregulation interaction, and intelligence to a specific WM property pattern. This mode corresponds to diagnosis-distinct correlates underpinning dysregulation, which showed higher generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) associated with less dysregulation in ASD but greater dysregulation in TDC, in the tracts connecting limbic and emotion regulation systems. Moreover, higher GFA of the tracts implicated in memory, attention, sensorimotor processing, and perception associated with less dysregulation in TDC but worse dysregulation in ASD. No shared WM correlates of dysregulation between ASD and TDC were identified. Corresponding to previous studies, we demonstrated that ASD and TDC have broad distinct white matter microstructural property underpinning self-regulation.
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Farnia V, Salemi S, Mordinazar M, Khanegi M, Tatari F, Golshani S, Jamshidi P, Alikhani M. The effect of child-abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of the parents with substance use disorder: Presenting a model of structural equations. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:730-746. [PMID: 32779978 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1801547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse may potentially create the behavioral problems particularly in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the effects of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder using the emotional regulation and social skills as mediators. In this paper, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied. The study population included 358 children of parents with substance use disorder whose parents had referred to the addiction treatment center in Kermanshah province, Iran (2017-2018). Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS), Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS) Questionnaire, and Child Abuse Questionnaire were also used for data collection. IBM SPSS Amos 22 software was utilized for statistical analysis of the obtained data. The SEM was also analyzed to confirm fit of the model. The results showed a direct relationship between the child abuse and behavioral problems so that, the boys outperformed the girls in this regard. The findings also suggested a significant relationship between the family characteristics and behavioral problems. On the other hand, family characteristics and emotional regulation had direct and significant effects on improvement of the social skills (P < 0.001). The results revealed a direct effect of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, it is suggested to take a preventive approach toward child abuse in the children of parents with substance use disorder by employing a comprehensive program and intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Safora Salemi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mordinazar
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanegi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faeze Tatari
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sanobar Golshani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parastoo Jamshidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Functioning Among Typically Developing Siblings of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 22:172-196. [PMID: 30178117 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-018-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The literature on typically developing siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD-Sibs) provides inconsistent results, with some studies reporting ASD-Sibs are more likely to have negative outcomes than comparison groups, and others reporting no significant differences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to meta-analytically aggregate study effect sizes to more accurately calculate the degree to which ASD-Sibs function similarly or differently compared to siblings of people who do not have ASD. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they had a sample of ASD-Sibs older than 5; reported on emotional, psychological, behavioral, or social functioning; and provided information necessary for calculating relevant effect sizes. Results from 69 independent samples indicated that ASD-Sibs have significantly more negative outcomes than comparison groups overall (g = - 0.26); specific areas of functioning in which ASD-Sibs fared worse include internalizing behavior problems, psychological functioning, beliefs, social functioning, and the sibling relationship, but no significant differences in adjustment, attention/hyperactivity, externalizing behavior problems, coping, or family functioning. Noteworthy sub-areas of functioning in which ASD-Sibs also fared worse included beliefs about disability (g = - 0.56), anxiety symptoms (g = - 0.25), and depression symptoms (g = - 0.36). In terms of comparison group, ASD-Sibs had significantly lower functioning than siblings of individuals with other intellectual and developmental disabilities (g = - 0.31), including Down syndrome (g = - 0.40) and siblings of individuals without any disabilities (g = - 0.31). Clinicians and service providers should work to ensure that ASD-Sibs are included in family interventions and support strategies, and researchers should further explore individual differences that may relate to enhanced or impaired functioning in ASD-Sibs.
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Lin HY, Ni HC, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Characterizing intrinsic functional connectivity in relation to impaired self-regulation in intellectually able male youth with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:1201-1216. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361319888104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While a considerable number of youth with autism spectrum disorder exhibit impaired self-regulation (dysregulation), little is known about the neural correlates of dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. In a sample of intellectually able boys with autism spectrum disorder (further categorized as those with and without dysregulation) and typically developing boys (aged 7–17 years), we conducted a multivariate connectome-wide association study to examine the intrinsic functional connectivity with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dysregulation was defined by the sum of Attention, Aggression, and Anxiety/Depression subscales on the Child Behavior Checklist. We identified that both categorical and dimensional neural correlates of dysregulation in youth with autism spectrum disorder involved atypical connectivity among the components of multiple brain networks, especially between those subserving sensorimotor processing and salience encoding, beyond higher-level cognitive control circuitries. Interaction within the attention network might serve as autism spectrum disorder–specific neural correlates underpinning dysregulation. Our results highlight that the inter-individual variability in dysregulation might contribute to the inconsistency in the neuroimaging literature of autism spectrum disorder. Collectively, the present findings provide evidence to suggest that dysregulation might be considered as both categorical and dimensional moderators to parse heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder.Lay AbstractImpaired self-regulation (i.e., dysregulation in affective, behavioral, and cognitive control), is commonly present in young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about what is happening in people’s brains when self-regulation is impaired in young people with ASD. We used a technique called functional MRI (which measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow) at a resting state (when participants are not asked to do anything) to research this in intellectually able young people with ASD. We found that brains with more connections, especially between regions involved in sensorimotor processing and regions involved in the processes that enable peoples to focus their attention on the most pertinent features from the sensory environment (salience processing), were related to more impaired self-regulation in young people with and without ASD. We also found that impaired self-regulation was related to increased communication within the brain system involved in voluntary orienting attention to a sensory cue (the dorsal attention network) in young people with ASD. These results highlight how different people have different degrees of dysregulation, which has been largely overlooked in the earlier brain imaging reports on ASD. This might contribute to understanding some of the inconsistencies in the existing published literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- National Taiwan University
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- National Taiwan University
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou
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PORTES JRM, VIEIRA ML, SOUZA CDD, KASZUBOWSKI E. Parental styles and coparenting in families with children with autism: cluster analysis of children’s behavior. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0275202037e190143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Research on atypical developing parenting usually investigates only the mother. This happens even if the investigation outcome points to the influence of the parenting style and the child’s relationship with the father on his/her perception of well-being. This investigation aimed to understand the relationships between the behavior of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, parenting styles and coparenting of 45 biparental families with children aged, on mean, 59 months, according to defined profiles based on children’s behavioral differences. Data was reviewed by hierarchical clustering. Among the four profiles found, those characterized by behavioral difficulties showed more authoritarian/permissive parenting styles and negative impacts on coparenting; profiles with greater prosociability had a more authoritative parenting style and better coparenting quality. The behavioral assessment of children should drive the formulation of interventions/public policies to promote positive parenting in this population.
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Hu X, Han ZR, Bai L, Gao MM. The Mediating Role of Parenting Stress in the Relations Between Parental Emotion Regulation and Parenting Behaviors in Chinese Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Dyadic Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3983-3998. [PMID: 31197635 PMCID: PMC6751273 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the dynamic interactions between fathers and mothers in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the parenting process. This study used an actor-partner interdependence mediation (APIMeM) model to investigate the intrapersonal and interpersonal effects of emotion dysregulation and parenting stress on parenting behaviors among 211 pairs (total N = 422) of Chinese parents of children with ASD. The results indicated that for both fathers and mothers, there were significant indirect actor effects of parental emotion dysregulation on parents' own parenting behaviors through their own parenting stress. However, no significant direct or indirect partner effect was found in the analyses. These findings suggest that the emotional parenting dynamics occurred on the individual rather than the dyadic level in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Special Education, Education Research Center for Children with ASD, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Rm 408, YingDong Building, Xin Jie Kou Wai Da Jie #19, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Rm 1312 Hou Zhu Lou Xin Jie Kou Wai Da Jie #19, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Bai
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Mengyu M. Gao
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
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Shivers CM. Empathy and perceptions of their brother or sister among adolescent siblings of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 92:103451. [PMID: 31336347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although clinicians have hypothesized that siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may exhibit more empathy and understanding of others, no studies have yet examined empathy among siblings of individuals with ASD. AIMS The current study examined self- reported empathy and feelings about adolescents' brothers or sisters with and without ASD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Adolescent siblings (age 12-18) of individuals with (n=26) or without ASD (n=48) completed an online survey with measures of empathy and their feelings about their brother or sister, as well as an open ended task asking them for three "magic wishes." OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Siblings of individuals with ASD (ASD- Sibs) reported significantly more perspective-taking than did siblings of typically-developing individuals (TD-Sibs). Perspective-taking was significantly related to feelings of positive affect toward the brother/sister for both groups. ASD-Sibs also were significantly more likely to report wishes related to their family, while TD-Sibs reported more wishes for themselves. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings suggest that potentially higher levels of perspective-taking ability among ASD-Sibs may contribute to better understanding of and therefore more positive affect toward their brother or sister with ASD. More research is needed to understand patterns of empathy among ASD-Sibs.
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Crane L, Jones L, Prosser R, Taghrizi M, Pellicano E. Parents' views and experiences of talking about autism with their children. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 23:1969-1981. [PMID: 30915857 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319836257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The way an autism diagnosis is disclosed to parents has been found to play a crucial role in their acceptance of, and the way they cope with, their child's diagnosis. Yet, research into parents' subsequent experiences of disclosing a diagnosis to their children, and talking to their families about autism more generally, is limited. Using an online survey, the current study examined 558 parents' experiences of talking about autism with their autistic and non-autistic children. Results demonstrated that most parents (n = 379, 67.9%) had told their autistic children about their diagnosis. Despite few parents (n = 163, 20.4%) receiving advice or support regarding the disclosure of the diagnosis, those that had disclosed felt satisfied with the process (n = 319, 84.2%) and felt confident in talking about autism with their children (n = 339, 92.4%). Those who had not told their autistic children about the diagnosis largely planned to discuss this with their child in the future (n = 100, 73.5%), felt confident in doing so (n = 95, 70.9%) and were satisfied with their decision (n = 95, 70.4%). Analysis of open-ended data, using thematic analysis, highlighted the importance of openness and the need to tailor explanations to individual children's needs, while acknowledging that disclosure could often be challenging for parents.
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Development of frontoparietal connectivity predicts longitudinal symptom changes in young people with autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:86. [PMID: 30755585 PMCID: PMC6372645 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural neuroimaging studies suggest altered brain maturation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing controls (TDC). However, the prognostic value of whole-brain structural connectivity analysis in ASD has not been established. Diffusion magnetic imaging data were acquired in 27 high-functioning young ASD participants (2 females) and 29 age-matched TDC (12 females; age 8-18 years) at baseline and again following 3-7 years. Whole-brain structural connectomes were reconstructed from these data and analyzed using a longitudinal statistical model. We identified distinct patterns of widespread brain connections that exhibited either significant increases or decreases in connectivity over time (p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between diagnosis and time in brain development (p < 0.001). This was expressed by a decrease in structural connectivity within the frontoparietal network-and its broader connectivity-in ASD during adolescence and early adulthood. Conversely, these connections increased with time in TDC. Crucially, stronger baseline connectivity in this subnetwork predicted a lower symptom load at follow-up (p = 0.048), independent of the expression of symptoms at baseline. Our findings suggest a clinically meaningful relationship between the atypical development of frontoparietal structural connections and the dynamics of the autism phenotype through early adulthood. These results highlight a potential marker of future outcome.
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Lo YC, Chen YJ, Hsu YC, Chien YL, Gau SSF, Tseng WYI. Altered frontal aslant tracts as a heritable neural basis of social communication deficits in autism spectrum disorder: A sibling study using tract-based automatic analysis. Autism Res 2018; 12:225-238. [PMID: 30548800 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigating social behaviors and brain structural alterations in unaffected siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may help identify intermediate phenotypes of social communication deficits in ASD. This study hypothesized that such intermediate phenotypes could be identified in white matter tracts of the social communication model that exhibited reduced tract integrity and associations with social communication deficits. Boys with ASD (N = 30), unaffected male siblings (N = 27), and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 30) underwent clinical evaluation and MRI scanning. Group differences in generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values, a white matter integrity index derived from diffusion MRI data, and the relationships of GFA with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4-18) scores were investigated. Significant differences were found in the GFA values of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) among the three groups, with the decreasing order of GFA from TD to siblings to ASD. The GFA values of the FAT were associated with the social communication scores (on the SRS) in the sibling group, and those of the superior longitudinal fasciculus III were associated with the social problems scores (on the CBCL/4-18) in the boys with ASD. Due to the altered tract integrity and association with social communication deficits in the unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD, the FAT might be a heritable neural basis for social communication deficits of ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 225-238 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of highly heritable disorders with social communication deficits as one of the core symptoms. This study aimed to identify a neural trait of social communication deficits in individuals with ASD. We investigated brain structural alterations and their associations with social communication scores in unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD. The siblings' frontal aslant tract was found to be impaired, and this tract showed a significant association with the social communication scores. Our findings support that the frontal aslant tract might be a potential neural trait of social communication deficits in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Lo
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
This study investigated school functioning among unaffected siblings of youths with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and identified the correlates for school maladjustment. We recruited 66 youths with a clinical diagnosis of ASD, aged 8-19, their unaffected siblings and 132 typically developing controls (TD). We found that ASD youths had poorer school functions than unaffected siblings and TD. Unaffected siblings had poorer attitude toward schoolwork and more severe behavioral problems at school than TD. Several associated factors for different scholastic functional domains (i.e., academic performance, attitude toward school work, social interactions, behavioral problems) in the siblings included IQ, autistic traits, inattention/oppositional symptoms, sibling relationships, etc. Our findings suggest the need of assessing school functions in unaffected siblings of ASD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration identifier: NCT01582256.
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Parenting a Child with ASD: Comparison of Parenting Style Between ASD, Anxiety, and Typical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2018. [PMID: 28634706 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parenting children with ASD has a complex history. Given parents' increasingly pivotal role in children's treatment, it is critical to consider parental style and behaviours. This study (1) compares parenting style of parents of children with ASD, parents of children with anxiety disorders, and parents of typically developing (TD) children and (2) investigates contributors to parenting style within and between groups. Parents of children with anxiety had a distinct parenting style compared to ASD and TD parents. Unique relationships between child symptoms and parenting behaviours emerged across the three groups. Understanding factors that impact parenting between and within clinical groups can guide the development of interventions better tailored to support the needs of parents, particularly parents of children with ASD.
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