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Abd-Elhafiz HI, Faried MA, Khodir SA, Moaty AS, Sweed EM. Ezetimibe protects against Gentamycin-induced ototoxicity in rats by antioxidants, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and BDNF upregulation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39138615 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2390463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The threat of hearing loss has become a universal reality. Gentamycin (GM) can lead to ototoxicity and may result in permanent hearing loss. This study aimed to elucidate whether the hypolipidemic drug Ezetimibe (EZE) has a possible underlying mechanism for protecting rats from GM-induced ototoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS 30 male Wister albino rats were separated into three groups, ten in each group: control, GM, and GM + EZE. At the end of the experiment, rats underwent hearing threshold evaluation via auditory brainstem response (ABR), carotid artery blood flow velocity (CBV), and resistance (CVR) measurement, in addition to a biochemical assessment of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), hemeOxygenase-1 (HO-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Also, real-time PCR was employed to quantify the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Cochlea was also studied via histological and immunohistochemical methods. GM revealed a significant increase in CVR, MDA, NO, and TNF-α and a significant decrease in ABR, CBV, CAT, HO-1, and cochlear BDNF expression. EZE supplementation revealed a significant rise in ARB in addition to CBV and a decline in CVR and protected cochlear tissues via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms via downregulating Caspase-3 immunoreaction, upregulating proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreaction, and upregulating of the cochlear BDNF expression. Correlations were significantly negative between BDNF and MDA, NO, TNF-α, COX 2, and caspase-3 immunoreaction and significantly positive with CAT, HO-1, and PCNA immunoreaction. DISCUSSION EZE can safeguard inner ear tissues from GM via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms, as well as upregulation of BDNF mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda I Abd-Elhafiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Manar A Faried
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Suzan A Khodir
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Salah Moaty
- Otolaryngology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman M Sweed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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de Pais IMNM, Rabelo WL, Ferreira NV, Ferri CP, Suemoto CK, Gomes Gonçalves N. Association of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity With Cognitive Performance: Evidence From Brazil. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024:00002093-990000000-00118. [PMID: 39093842 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is estimated that 2% of dementia cases worldwide could be prevented with increases in physical activity. However, there is little evidence of the association between vigorous physical activity (VPA) and cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate the association of moderate physical activity (MPA) and VPA with cognitive performance in older adults from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brasil). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 7954 participants were analyzed. Mean age was 61.8 ± 9.2 years, 61.8% were women, and 44.3% were mixed races. Cognitive performance evaluated the memory, temporal orientation, and verbal fluency domains. A global composite z-score was derived from the tests. Physical activity was assessed by self-report. We used linear regression models to verify the association of MPA and VPA with cognitive performance. RESULTS Compared with participants who did not meet the guidelines for MPA (<150 min/wk), those who met the guidelines (150 to 299 min/wk) and those who performed more than 2x the recommended amount of MPA (300 min or more/wk) had better global cognitive performance (β = 0.163, 95% CI = 0.086, 0.241; P< 0.001; β = 0.180, 95% CI = 0.107, 0.253, P< 0.001, respectively). We found no association between VPA and cognitive performance. CONCLUSION There was no additional benefit of VPA for cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendell Lima Rabelo
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Vidal Ferreira
- Social Sustainability and Responsibility, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Pinheiro Ferri
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Amazônia Adventist College, Pará, Brazil
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Mahmoudi Z, Tajik A, Vahdat M, Mobarakeh KA, Saeedirad Z, Azaryan F, Amjadi A, Alami F, Valisoltani N, Mirshafaei MA, Khoshdooz S, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S, Kooshki A. The association between dietary intake of fats and transient global amnesia (TGA). Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39012761 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2359866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of dietary fat may influence memory and cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fat intake and transient global amnesia (TGA). METHODS This case-control study was conducted using Persian Sabzevar cohort data on 258 individuals with TGA and 520 individuals without amnesia in Sabzevar Iran. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of dietary fats of the participants. All study participants were screened for TGA by a neurologist and their status was determined based on the diagnostic symptoms defined by the Kaplan and Hodges criteria. RESULTS There was an inverse association between the risk of TGA and dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 0.94, CI95%:0.88-0.99, P = 0.01). Also, a positive association was observed between TGA and dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids (OR = 1.18, CI 95%: 1.04-1.33, P = 0.01). The results remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, education, job, marital status, physical activity, BMI, and calorie intake. CONCLUSION Omega-3 fatty acids may have beneficial effects; however, omega-6 fatty acids may have adverse effects on the risk of amnesia. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Tajik
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vahdat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saeedirad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azaryan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Amjadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Neda Valisoltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Alsadat Mirshafaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Dal N, Bilici S. An Overview of the Potential Role of Nutrition in Mental Disorders in the Light of Advances in Nutripsychiatry. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:69-81. [PMID: 38329691 PMCID: PMC11133159 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As research on the potential impact of nutrition on mental disorders, a significant component of global disability continues to grow the concepts of "nutritional psychiatry, psycho-dietetics/nutripsychiatry" have taken their place in the literature. This review is a comprehensive examination of the literature on the the potential mechanisms between common mental disorders and nutrition and evaluates the effectiveness of dietary interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural plasticity are shown as potential mechanisms in the relationship between mental disorders and nutrition. As a matter of fact, neurotrophic factors, which make important contributions to repair mechanisms throughout life, and neuronal plasticity, which plays a role in mental disorders, are affected by nutritional factors. In metabolism, the antioxidant defense system works with nutritional cofactors and phytochemicals. A balanced, planned diet that provides these components is more likely to provide nutrients that increase resilience against the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Nutrition can be considered a risk factor for mental disorders. Therefore, developing public health strategies focused on improving diet may help reduce the global burden of mental disorders and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursel Dal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Neacșu SM, Mititelu M, Ozon EA, Musuc AM, Iuga IDM, Manolescu BN, Petrescu S, Pandele Cusu J, Rusu A, Surdu VA, Oprea E, Lupuliasa D, Popescu IA. Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Synergistic Antioxidant Formulations: Insights into Pharmacotechnical, Physical, Chemical, and Antioxidant Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:690. [PMID: 38931357 PMCID: PMC11206646 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, highlighting the pressing need for effective antioxidant interventions. (2) Methods: In this study, we aimed to develop and characterise two novel antioxidant formulations, F3 and F4, as therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related conditions. (3) Results: The physicochemical characterisation, preformulation analysis, formulation, preparation of filling powders for capsules, capsule content evaluation, and antioxidant activity assessment of the two novel antioxidant formulations were assessed. These formulations comprise a combination of well-established antioxidants like quercetin, biotin, coenzyme Q10, and resveratrol. Through comprehensive testing, the formulations' antioxidant efficacy, stability, and potential synergistic interactions were evaluated. (4) Conclusions: The findings underscore the promising potential of these formulations as therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related disorders and highlight the significance of antioxidant interventions in mitigating their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (I.D.M.I.)
| | - Emma Adriana Ozon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Izabela Dana Maria Iuga
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (I.D.M.I.)
| | - Bogdan Nicolae Manolescu
- “C. Nenitescu” Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Science of Materials, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simona Petrescu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Jeanina Pandele Cusu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Vasile-Adrian Surdu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Portocalilor Way, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Ioana Andreea Popescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
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Alkurd R, Mahrous L, Zeb F, Khan MAB, Alhaj H, Khraiwesh HM, Faris ME. Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Regimens on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Function in Humans: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:191. [PMID: 38276070 PMCID: PMC10819730 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background: The potential positive interaction between intermittent fasting (IF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cognitive function has been widely discussed. This systematic review tried to assess the efficacy of interventions with different IF regimens on BDNF levels and their association with cognitive functions in humans. Interventions with different forms of IF such as caloric restriction (CR), alternate-day fasting (ADF), time-restricted eating (TRE), and the Ramadan model of intermittent fasting (RIF) were targeted. Methods: A systematic review was conducted for experimental and observational studies on healthy people and patients with diseases published in EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from January 2000 to December 2023. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statements (PRISMA) for writing this review. Results: Sixteen research works conducted on healthy people and patients with metabolic disorders met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Five studies showed a significant increase in BDNF after the intervention, while five studies reported a significant decrease in BDNF levels, and the other six studies showed no significant changes in BDNF levels due to IF regimens. Moreover, five studies examined the RIF protocol, of which, three studies showed a significant reduction, while two showed a significant increase in BDNF levels, along with an improvement in cognitive function after RIF. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that IF has varying effects on BDNF levels and cognitive functions in healthy, overweight/obese individuals and patients with metabolic conditions. However, few human studies have shown that IF increases BDNF levels, with controversial results. In humans, IF has yet to be fully investigated in terms of its long-term effect on BDNF and cognitive functions. Large-scale, well-controlled studies with high-quality data are warranted to elucidate the impact of the IF regimens on BDNF levels and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat Alkurd
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Lana Mahrous
- Department of Health Sciences/Track of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 12461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Falak Zeb
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Moien AB Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hamid Alhaj
- Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Husam M. Khraiwesh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Healthy Aging, Longevity and Sustainability Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Cunha-Rodrigues M, Rosário R, Duarte A, Silva MJ, Augusto C, Rodrigues M, Padrão P, Moreira P. Neurodevelopment and Dietary Intake in Toddlers-A Cross-Sectional Study from the Healthy Children 2021 Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:5105. [PMID: 38140364 PMCID: PMC10745499 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the potential associations between neurodevelopment, dietary diversity and food processing in the toddler period. This study aimed to estimate the association between these dietary quality dimensions and neurodevelopment in toddlers. Data for this cross-sectional analysis came from the Healthy Children 2021 project and included 212 toddlers (51.9% females, aged 12-36 months) from 15 Portuguese childcare centers. Neurodevelopment was assessed through Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Dietary intake was gathered by a two-day non-consecutive dietary recall. The food items were categorised with NOVA classification. Dietary diversity was explored through Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD). Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were performed. Girls with a higher energy contribution of unprocessed/minimally processed foods and with an above median MDD score had higher odds of achieving a higher neurodevelopment score (aOR:1.04; 95%CI 1.01; 1.08 and aOR:2.26; 95%CI 1.01; 5.06, respectively); no significant association was observed in boys. Our findings suggest that these dietary dimensions are associated with a higher neurodevelopment in toddler girls. This should be further studied as a possible early link between dietary factors and neurodevelopment. Promotion of healthy eating can be promising in improving neurocognitive development and might help to introduce public health recommendations for toddlers' nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Cunha-Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.-R.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Rafaela Rosário
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.D.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.)
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
- Nursing Research Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Duarte
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.D.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.)
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC), Institute of Education, University do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Silva
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.D.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.)
- Nursing Research Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Augusto
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.D.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.)
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
- Nursing Research Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mónica Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.-R.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.-R.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.-R.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Shen R, Ardianto C, Celia C, Sidharta VM, Sasmita PK, Satriotomo I, Turana Y. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor interplay with oxidative stress: neuropathology approach in potential biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20230012. [PMID: 38053647 PMCID: PMC10695442 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging population poses a serious challenge concerning an increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its impact on global burden, morbidity, and mortality. Oxidative stress, as a molecular hallmark that causes susceptibility in AD, interplays to other AD-related neuropathology cascades and decreases the expression of central and circulation brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an essential neurotrophin that serves as nerve development and survival, and synaptic plasticity in AD. By its significant correlation with the molecular and clinical progression of AD, BDNF can potentially be used as an objectively accurate biomarker for AD diagnosis and progressivity follow-up in future clinical practice. This comprehensive review highlights the oxidative stress interplay with BDNF in AD neuropathology and its potential use as an AD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Shen
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Christian Ardianto
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Celia Celia
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Veronika Maria Sidharta
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Poppy Kristina Sasmita
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Satriotomo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Department of Neurology, Florida, USA
- Satriotomo Foundation, Indonesia Neuroscience Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuda Turana
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Barutçu Ö, Süer C, Dursun N, Tufan E, Gülpınar EA, Tan B. Insulin-induced long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 157:106343. [PMID: 37562098 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that brain areas involving in learning and memory express receptors for insulin hormone, led to the idea that insulin signaling may have a role in regulating cognitive function. Although previous studies have shown a role for insulin in regulation of the threshold of plasticity induction, no study has addressed whether insulin can induce a chemical plasticity per se. Young-adult male rats that are fed with standard diets with or without carbohydrate syrup (sucrose or high-fructose corn syrups) were enrolled in this study. Extracellular field potentials were recorded from the dentate gyrus in response to perforant pathway stimulation at 0.033 Hz in anesthetized rats. The slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and the amplitude of population spike (PS) were measured 15 min after a 60-min infusion of insulin (500 nM), NT157 (an IRS inhibitor, 6 μM), alone or together, or physiological saline. mRNA expressions of insulin signaling proteins were measured by rt-PCR in the whole hippocampus. We did not observe any appreciable change in the fEPSP slope and the PS amplitude before and after saline infusion. However, intra-hippocampal insulin application results in the induction of LTP of fEPSP and of PS in the dentate gyrus. Insulin infusion together with NT157 inhibited fEPSP-LTP, but not PS-LTP, and rats that are fed with carbohydrate syrup did not express synaptic LTP. In rats that additional carbohydrate syrup is not given, insulin-induced LTP was accompanied with an increase in PI3K-mRNA, AKT-mRNA, and GSK-3β-mRNA which was not observed when co-administered with NT157. The GSK-3β-mRNA and IRS1-mRNA levels were found to be lower in rats that received supplemental carbohydrate and that not express insulin-induced synaptic LTP, compared to the rats expressing synaptic LTP and fed by standard diet. The results obtained provide a mechanistic link between insulin and synaptic plasticity. We concluded that insulin not only functions as a modulator of synaptic plasticity but also acts as a chemical inducer of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Barutçu
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye; Turkey, Council of Higher Education100/2000 PhD Scholarship Student, Türkiye
| | - Cem Süer
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye.
| | - Nurcan Dursun
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye
| | - Esra Tufan
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye; Turkey, Council of Higher Education100/2000 PhD Scholarship Student, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Aslan Gülpınar
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye; Turkey, Council of Higher Education100/2000 PhD Scholarship Student, Türkiye
| | - Burak Tan
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye
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Kadioglu N, Sert UY, Topfedaisi Ozkan N, Celen S. Clinical Importance of Serum BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) Level for the Management of Pregnancies Complicated With Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid. Cureus 2023; 15:e43354. [PMID: 37583548 PMCID: PMC10425164 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between poor neonatal outcomes and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels. We aimed to predict the need for an emergency cesarean and prevent unnecessary interventions in cases complicated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). Methods This study was designed as a case-control study including three groups. Group A included pregnant women who underwent cesarean due to fetal distress. Group B included the women who delivered vaginally. Groups A and B had cases with the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid. Group C as a control group had clear amniotic fluid. Demographic features, fetal outcomes, and maternal serum and fetal cord blood BDNF levels (Human BDNF ELISA Kit; Synonyms: ANON2, BULN2; Catalog no: E-EL-H0010 96T) were evaluated. Results No significant difference was found between patients with meconium and without meconium in terms of BDNF levels. However, the BDNF level was found to be significantly lower if fetal distress had occurred with MSAF. Conclusions In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the level of maternal and fetal cord blood BDNF are both significantly lower when fetal distress occurs with the presence of MSAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezaket Kadioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yuksek Ihtisas, Ankara, TUR
| | - Umit Yasemin Sert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liv Hospital Ankara, Ankara, TUR
| | | | - Sevki Celen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Science, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
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Lee KS, Min WK, Choi YJ, Jin S, Park KH, Kim S. The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Air Pollutants and Heavy Metals during Pregnancy on the Risk of Neurological Disorders Using the National Health Insurance Claims Data of South Korea. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050951. [PMID: 37241184 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high levels of maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and heavy metals on risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy using the National Health Insurance claims data of South Korea. The data of mothers and their newborns from 2016 to 2018 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were used (n = 843,134). Data on exposure to ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, and As) during pregnancy were matched based on the mother's National Health Insurance registration area. SO2 (OR: 2.723, 95% CI: 1.971-3.761) and Pb (OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.019-1.11) were more closely associated with the incidence of ASD when infants were exposed to them in the third trimester of pregnancy. Pb (OR: 1.109, 95% CI: 1.043-1.179) in the first trimester of pregnancy and Cd (OR: 2.193, 95% CI: 1.074-4.477) in the third trimester of pregnancy were associated with the incidence of epilepsy. Thus, exposure to SO2, NO2, and Pb during pregnancy could affect the development of a neurologic disorder based on the timing of exposure, suggesting a relationship with fetal development. However, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Su Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eulji University Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejong Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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D’Alonzo ZJ, Lam V, Takechi R, Nesbit M, Vaccarezza M, Mamo JCL. Peripheral metabolism of lipoprotein-amyloid beta as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: potential interactive effects of APOE genotype with dietary fats. GENES & NUTRITION 2023; 18:2. [PMID: 36841786 PMCID: PMC9960179 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by brain parenchymal abundance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and the accumulation of lipofuscin material that is rich in neutral lipids. However, the mechanisms for aetiology of AD are presently not established. There is increasing evidence that metabolism of lipoprotein-Aβ in blood is associated with AD risk, via a microvascular axis that features breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, extravasation of lipoprotein-Aβ to brain parenchyme and thereafter heightened inflammation. A peripheral lipoprotein-Aβ/capillary axis for AD reconciles alternate hypotheses for a vascular, or amyloid origin of disease, with amyloidosis being probably consequential. Dietary fats may markedly influence the plasma abundance of lipoprotein-Aβ and by extension AD risk. Similarly, apolipoprotein E (Apo E) serves as the primary ligand by which lipoproteins are cleared from plasma via high-affinity receptors, for binding to extracellular matrices and thereafter for uptake of lipoprotein-Aβ via resident inflammatory cells. The epsilon APOE ε4 isoform, a major risk factor for AD, is associated with delayed catabolism of lipoproteins and by extension may increase AD risk due to increased exposure to circulating lipoprotein-Aβ and microvascular corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. D’Alonzo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Michael Nesbit
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - John C. L. Mamo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
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Long-Term Ingestion of Sicilian Black Bee Chestnut Honey and/or D-Limonene Counteracts Brain Damage Induced by High Fat-Diet in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043467. [PMID: 36834882 PMCID: PMC9966634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to neurodegeneration, which is mainly caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. We analyzed whether the long-term intake of honey and/or D-limonene, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, when ingested separately or in combination, can counteract the neurodegeneration occurring in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After 10 weeks of HFD, mice were divided into: HFD-, HFD + honey (HFD-H)-, HFD + D-limonene (HFD-L)-, HFD + honey + D-limonene (HFD-H + L)-fed groups, for another 10 weeks. Another group was fed a standard diet (STD). We analyzed the brain neurodegeneration, inflammation, oxidative stress, and gene expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers. The HFD animals showed higher neuronal apoptosis, upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes Fas-L, Bim P27 and downregulation of anti-apoptotic factors BDNF and BCL2; increased gene expression of the pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and elevated oxidative stress markers COX-2, iNOS, ROS and nitrite. The honey and D-limonene intake counteracted these alterations; however, they did so in a stronger manner when in combination. Genes involved in amyloid plaque processing (APP and TAU), synaptic function (Ache) and AD-related hyperphosphorylation were higher in HFD brains, and significantly downregulated in HFD-H, HFD-L and HFD-H + L. These results suggest that honey and limonene ingestion counteract obesity-related neurodegeneration and that joint consumption is more efficacious than a single administration.
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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15
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Ji N, Lei M, Chen Y, Tian S, Li C, Zhang B. How Oxidative Stress Induces Depression? ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231181037. [PMID: 37331994 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231181037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression increasingly affects a wide range and a large number of people worldwide, both physically and psychologically, which makes it a social problem requiring prompt attention and management. Accumulating clinical and animal studies have provided us with substantial insights of disease pathogenesis, especially central monoamine deficiency, which considerably promotes antidepressant research and clinical treatment. The first-line antidepressants mainly target the monoamine system, whose drawbacks mainly include slow action and treatment resistant. The novel antidepressant esketamine, targeting on central glutamatergic system, rapidly and robustly alleviates depression (including treatment-resistant depression), whose efficiency is shadowed by potential addictive and psychotomimetic side effects. Thus, exploring novel depression pathogenesis is necessary, for seeking more safe and effective therapeutic methods. Emerging evidence has revealed vital involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in depression, which inspires us to pursue antioxidant pathway for depression prevention and treatment. Fully uncovering the underlying mechanisms of OS-induced depression is the first step towards the avenue, thus we summarize and expound possible downstream pathways of OS, including mitochondrial impairment and related ATP deficiency, neuroinflammation, central glutamate excitotoxicity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B dysfunction and serotonin deficiency, the microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysregulation. We also elaborate on the intricate interactions between the multiple aspects, and molecular mechanisms mediating the interplay. Through reviewing the related research progress in the field, we hope to depict an integral overview of how OS induces depression, in order to provide fresh ideas and novel targets for the final goal of efficient treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ji
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Lei
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Yating Chen
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Shaowen Tian
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
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Implication of saturated fats in the aetiology of childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder - A narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:78-85. [PMID: 36513489 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common mental health disorder in the paediatric population. ADHD is highly comorbid with obesity, and has also been associated with poor dietary patterns such as increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and saturated fats. Although ADHD in children was associated with high consumption of saturated fats, so far there has been no evidence-based attempt to integrate dietary strategies controlling for intake of saturated fats into the etiological framework of the disorder. Evidence from human studies and animal models has shown that diets high in saturated fats are detrimental for the development of dopaminergic neurocircuitries, synthesis of neurofactors (e.g. brain derived neurotrophic factor) and may promote brain inflammatory processes. Notably, animal models provide evidence that early life consumption of a high saturated fats diet may impair the development of central dopamine pathways. In the present paper, we review the impact of high saturated fats diets on neurobiological processes in human studies and animal models, and how these associations may be relevant to the neuropathophysiology of ADHD in children. The validation of this relationship and its underlying mechanisms through future investigative studies could have implications for the prevention or exacerbation of ADHD symptoms, improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disorder, and help design future dietary studies in patients with ADHD.
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17
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Al-Hakeim HK, Altufaili MF, Almulla AF, Moustafa SR, Maes M. Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses Predict Methamphetamine Induced Psychosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223694. [PMID: 36429122 PMCID: PMC9688750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND a significant percentage of methamphetamine (MA) dependent patients develop psychosis. The associations between oxidative pathways and MA-induced psychosis (MIP) are not well delineated. OBJECTIVE the aim of this study is to delineate whether acute MA intoxication in MA dependent patients is accompanied by increased nitro-oxidative stress and whether the latter is associated with MIP. METHOD we recruited 30 healthy younger males and 60 acutely intoxicated males with MA dependence and assessed severity of MA use and dependence and psychotic symptoms during intoxication, and serum oxidative toxicity (OSTOX) biomarkers including oxidized high (oxHDL) and low (oxLDL)-density lipoprotein, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidant defenses (ANTIOX) including HDL-cholesterol, zinc, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase-1. RESULTS a large part (50%, n = 30) of patients with MA dependence could be allocated to a cluster characterized by high psychosis ratings including delusions, suspiciousness, conceptual disorganization and difficulties abstract thinking and an increased OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that 29.9% of the variance in MIP severity (a first factor extracted from psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, and formal thought disorder scores) was explained by HDL, TAC and zinc (all inversely) and oxLDL (positively). MA dependence and dosing explained together 44.7% of the variance in the OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio. CONCLUSIONS MA dependence and intoxication are associated with increased oxidative stress and lowered antioxidant defenses, both of which increase risk of MIP during acute intoxication. MA dependence is accompanied by increased atherogenicity due to lowered HDL and increased oxLDL and oxHDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbas F. Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Shatha Rouf Moustafa
- Clinical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Neuroprotective effect of low-dose paracetamol treatment against cognitive dysfunction in d-galactose-induced aging mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11108. [PMID: 36281406 PMCID: PMC9586893 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is closely associated to several deleterious conditions and cognitive impairment. Administration of low-dose paracetamol (APAP) has previously been reported to improve cognitive performance in both human and animal studies. However, the altered cognitive effects of low-dose APAP treatment in the aging brain have not been elucidated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether low-dose APAP treatment improves cognitive dysfunction in a d-galactose (d-gal)-induced aging model. Materials and methods APAP (15 and 50 mg/kg p.o.) and vitamin E (Vit E 100 mg/kg p.o.) were administered once daily to d-gal-injected mice (200 mg/kg s.c.) for 6 weeks. The elevated plus maze (EPM), open field, novel object recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, respectively, were used to measure altered neurobehavioral functions, including anxiety-like behavior and exploratory locomotor activity, as well as learning and memory performance. The gene transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in brain tissues was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared to the control, d-gal significantly decreased exploratory locomotor activity and NOR and MWM performance but did not significantly change the activity in the EPM test. However, APAP50 and Vit E significantly reversed the effects of d-gal injection on exploratory locomotor activity. In addition, low-dose APAP (15 and 50 mg/kg) and Vit E significantly improved the reduction in NOR and MWM performance induced by d-gal. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of BDNF, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK), which is the gene coding TrkB receptor, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was significantly decreased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the d-gal mice. However, APAP50 and Vit E significantly increased BDNF and NTRK mRNA expression in both the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. A lower dose of APAP (15 mg/kg) significantly elevated the mRNA expression of NTRK, but only in the hippocampus. Moreover, APAP50 significantly increased CREB mRNA expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion Low-dose APAP treatment has a neuroprotective effect on cognitive dysfunction in the d-gal aging model, and the underlying molecular mechanisms depend on the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling.
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Tarantino G, Cataldi M, Citro V. Could Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on Junk Foods Inducing Obesity and/or Illicit Drug Use Represent Danger to Liver in Young People with Altered Psychological/Relational Spheres or Emotional Problems? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810406. [PMID: 36142317 PMCID: PMC9499369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data show that young people, mainly due to the pressure of some risk factors or due to disrupted interpersonal relationships, utilise greater reward value and display greater sensitivity to the reinforcing properties of “pleasurable stimuli”, specifically in those situations in which an enhanced dopamine release is present. Alcoholic beverages, foods rich in sugar and fat, and illicit drug use are pleasurable feelings associated with rewards. Research shows that there is a link between substance abuse and obesity in brain functioning. Still, alcohol excess is central in leading to obesity and obesity-related morbidities, such as hepatic steatosis, mainly when associated with illicit drug dependence and negative eating behaviours in young people. It is ascertained that long-term drinking causes mental damage, similarly to drug abuse, but also affects liver function. Indeed, beyond the pharmacokinetic interactions of alcohol with drugs, occurring in the liver due to the same metabolic enzymes, there are also pharmacodynamic interactions of both substances in the CNS. To complicate matters, an important noxious effect of junk foods consists of inducing obesity and obesity-related NAFLD. In this review, we focus on some key mechanisms underlying the impact of these addictions on the liver, as well as those on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
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Hua Y, Shen J, Fan R, Xiao R, Ma W. High-fat diets containing different types of fatty acids modulate gut-brain axis in obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 35739547 PMCID: PMC9219185 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive consumption of high-fat diets is associated with disordered metabolic responses, which may lead to chronic diseases. High-fat diets containing different types of fatty acids lead to distinct alterations in metabolic responses of gut-brain axis. Methods In our study, normal male C57BL/6J mice were fed to multiple high fatty acid diets (long-chain and medium-chain saturated fatty acid, LCSFA and MCSFA group; n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3 and n-6 PUFA group; monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA group; trans fatty acid, TFA group) and a basic diet (control, CON group) for 19 weeks. To investigate the effects of high-fat diets on metabolic responses of gut-brain axis in obese mice, blood lipids were detected by fast gas chromatography, and related proteins in brain and intestine were detected using Western blotting, ELISA, and immunochemistry analysis. Results All high-fat diets regardless of their fatty acid composition induced obesity, lipid disorders, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and changes in gut-brain axis related factors except basal diet in mice. For example, the protein expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in ileum in the n-3 PUFA group was higher than that in the MCSFA group (P < 0.05). The expressions of insulin in hippocampus and leptin in ileum in the MCSFA group significantly increased, compared with other groups (all Ps < 0.05). Conclusion The high MCSFA diet had the most effect on metabolic disorders in gut-brain axis, but the high n-3 PUFA diet had the least effect on changes in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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Tuck NJ, Farrow CV, Thomas JM. Frequency of fruit consumption and savoury snacking predict psychological health; selective mediation via cognitive failures. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-26. [PMID: 35616008 PMCID: PMC9899573 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While there is growing interest in the link between diet and psychological health, there is a surprising lack of studies investigating the precise associations between nutrient-rich foods (such as fruit and vegetables) versus nutrient-poor foods (such as energy-dense savoury and sweet snacks), and psychological health. Similarly, the psychological processes underpinning the relationship between dietary intake and psychological health remain unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary consumption and psychological health, with cognitive processes as a theoretical mediator. This cross-sectional online study included 428 healthy adults (53% female; mean age= 39.7, SD= 13.0), with participants completing a range of validated questionnaires measuring dietary habits and psychological health. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that more frequent consumption of fruit was associated with reduced symptoms of depression (β = -.109, p = 0.025) and greater positive psychological wellbeing (β = .187, p < 0.001). Conversely, more frequent savoury snacking was associated with increased anxiety (β = .127, p = 0.005). Further, mediation analyses revealed that more frequent consumption of savoury snacks was associated with increased symptoms of depression, stress, anxiety, and reduced psychological wellbeing, via an increase in cognitive failures (ps < 0.001). These results provide new insights on the independent associations between certain types of food and psychological health, and the psychological mechanisms that may mediate these. Further work is now required to establish causality and determine whether these may represent modifiable dietary targets that can directly (and indirectly) influence our psychological health.
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Lv S, Qin R, Jiang Y, Lv H, Lu Q, Tao S, Huang L, Liu C, Xu X, Wang Q, Li M, Li Z, Ding Y, Song C, Jiang T, Ma H, Jin G, Xia Y, Wang Z, Geng S, Du J, Lin Y, Hu Z. Association of Maternal Dietary Patterns during Gestation and Offspring Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2022; 14:730. [PMID: 35215380 PMCID: PMC8878236 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The health effects of diet are long term and persistent. Few cohort studies have investigated the influence of maternal dietary patterns during different gestational periods on offspring's health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between maternal dietary patterns in the mid- and late-gestation and infant's neurodevelopment at 1 year of age in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort (JBC) Study. A total of 1178 mother-child pairs were available for analysis. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate dietary intake at 22-26 and 30-34 gestational weeks (GWs). Neurodevelopment of children aged 1 year old was assessed using Bayley-Ⅲ Screening Test. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Poisson regression were used to extract dietary patterns and to investigate the association between dietary patterns and infant neurodevelopment. After adjusting for potential confounders, the maternal 'Aquatic products, Fresh vegetables and Homonemeae' pattern in the second trimester was associated with a lower risk of being non-competent in cognitive and gross motor development, respectively (cognition: aRR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.94; gross motor: aRR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.91), and the similar pattern, 'Aquatic products and Homonemeae', in the third trimester also showed significant association with decreased risk of failing age-appreciate cognitive and receptive communication development (cognition: aRR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.98; receptive communication: aRR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-0.99). Notably, adherence to the dietary pattern with relatively high aquatic and homonemeae products in both trimesters demonstrated remarkable protective effects on child neurodevelopment with the risk of being non-competent in cognitive and gross motor development decreasing by 59% (95% CI 0.21-0.79) and 63% (95% CI 0.18-0.77), respectively. Our findings suggested that adherence to the 'Aquatic products and Homonemeae' dietary pattern during pregnancy may have optimal effects on offspring's neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Qun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shiyao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qingru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhixu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
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Jena PK, Setayesh T, Sheng L, Di Lucente J, Jin LW, Wan YJY. Intestinal Microbiota Remodeling Protects Mice from Western Diet-Induced Brain Inflammation and Cognitive Decline. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030504. [PMID: 35159313 PMCID: PMC8834507 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the Western diet (WD) induces systemic inflammation and cognitive decline. Moreover, probiotic supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced hepatic inflammation. The current study examines whether shaping the gut microbes by Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis) supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced brain inflammation and improve neuroplasticity. Furthermore, the significance of bile acid (BA) signaling in regulating brain inflammation was studied. Mice were fed a control diet (CD) or WD for seven months. B. infantis was supplemented to WD-fed mice to study brain inflammation, lipid, metabolomes, and neuroplasticity measured by long-term potentiation (LTP). Broad-spectrum coverage antibiotics and cholestyramine treatments were performed to study the impact of WD-associated gut microbes and BA in brain inflammation. Probiotic B. infantis supplementation inhibited diet-induced brain inflammation by reducing IL6, TNFα, and CD11b levels. B. infantis improved LTP and increased brain PSD95 and BDNF levels, which were reduced due to WD intake. Additionally, B. infantis reduced cecal cholesterol, brain ceramide and enhanced saturated fatty acids. Moreover, antibiotic treatment, as well as cholestyramine, diminished WD-induced brain inflammatory signaling. Our findings support the theory that intestinal microbiota remodeling by B. infantis reduces brain inflammation, activates BA receptor signaling, and improves neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Jacopo Di Lucente
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lee Way Jin
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-4293; Fax: +1-916-734-3787
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Parent MB, Higgs S, Cheke LG, Kanoski SE. Memory and eating: A bidirectional relationship implicated in obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:110-129. [PMID: 34813827 PMCID: PMC8816841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between memory and eating in humans and rodents. In humans, amnesia is associated with impaired processing of hunger and satiety cues, disrupted memory of recent meals, and overconsumption. In healthy participants, meal-related memory limits subsequent ingestive behavior and obesity is associated with impaired memory and disturbances in the hippocampus. Evidence from rodents suggests that dorsal hippocampal neural activity contributes to the ability of meal-related memory to control future intake, that endocrine and neuropeptide systems act in the ventral hippocampus to provide cues regarding energy status and regulate learned aspects of eating, and that consumption of hypercaloric diets and obesity disrupt these processes. Collectively, this evidence indicates that diet-induced obesity may be caused and/or maintained, at least in part, by a vicious cycle wherein excess intake disrupts hippocampal functioning, which further increases intake. This perspective may advance our understanding of how the brain controls eating, the neural mechanisms that contribute to eating-related disorders, and identify how to treat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, United States,Corresponding author: Marise B. Parent, , Georgia State University, PO Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, USA. Fax: 404-413-5446
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy G. Cheke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB United Kingdom
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, United States
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Lin PH, Kuo LT, Luh HT. The Roles of Neurotrophins in Traumatic Brain Injury. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:life12010026. [PMID: 35054419 PMCID: PMC8780368 DOI: 10.3390/life12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a collection of structurally and functionally related proteins. They play important roles in many aspects of neural development, survival, and plasticity. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to different levels of central nervous tissue destruction and cellular repair through various compensatory mechanisms promoted by the injured brain. Many studies have shown that neurotrophins are key modulators of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, blood–brain barrier permeability, memory capacity, and neurite regeneration. The expression of neurotrophins following TBI is affected by the severity of injury, genetic polymorphism, and different post-traumatic time points. Emerging research is focused on the potential therapeutic applications of neurotrophins in managing TBI. We conducted a comprehensive review by organizing the studies that demonstrate the role of neurotrophins in the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Lin
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Tzung Luh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-956279587
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Wang X, Li X, Xing Y, Wang W, Li S, Zhang D, Zheng W, Shen X. Threshold Effects of Total Copper Intake on Cognitive Function in US Older Adults and the Moderating Effect of Fat and Saturated Fatty Acid Intake. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:2429-2442. [PMID: 34219046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for a relationship between total copper intake and cognition is lacking, and few studies have assessed the moderating effect of dietary fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake on this relationship. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to explore the curvilinear association between total copper intake and cognitive function in older adults, and to clarify the moderating effect of dietary fat and SFA intake on the association. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2014. PARTICIPANTS The analysis included 2,483 participants aged 60 years and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive function was evaluated by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word Learning subtest, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Smooth curve fitting and two-piecewise linear regression models were performed to address the nonlinear association between total copper intake and cognitive function. Multivariable quadratic regression models and analyses stratified by total fat or SFA intake were used to assess the effects of the interaction between copper and fat intake and between copper and SFA intake on cognitive function. RESULTS There was a nonlinear association between total copper intake and cognitive test scores. The inflection point of copper was 0.8 mg/d for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest and 1.4 mg/d for both the Animal Fluency test and the DSST. When copper intake was below the inflection point, positive associations were apparent for copper intake and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest scores (β = 3.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 6.5), Animal Fluency test scores (β = 1.7, 95% CI .9 to 2.6), and DSST scores (β = 6.0, 95% CI 3.8 to 8.3). When copper intake was above the inflection point, a nonsignificant downward trend was found. Interactive effects between total copper and total fat intake (P interaction = .000) and between total copper and SFA intake (P interaction = .011) on the DSST scores were observed. In the low fat intake and low SFA intake groups, DSST scores first increased and then decreased with increasing copper. However, in the high fat intake and high SFA intake groups, DSST scores first increased and then flattened with increasing copper. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a nonlinear association between copper intake and cognitive function and identifies threshold effects of copper intake on cognitive function. Copper intake below the inflection point was positively and independently associated with cognitive function. High fat and high SFA intake may protect older adults against a decline in DSST scores related to high copper intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- (1)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- (1)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufang Xing
- (2)Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, YanTai, Shandong, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- (1)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Suyun Li
- (1)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- (1)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- (3)School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- (1)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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Baghcheghi Y, Beheshti F, Salmani H, Hosseini M. Brain‑derived neurotrophic factor and nitric oxide contribute to protective effects of rosiglitazone on learning and memory in hypothyroid rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:218-232. [PMID: 34672293 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the well‑known peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) on brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nitric oxide (NO), and learning and memory were investigated in hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in immature Wistar rats by administration of propylthiouracil in drinking water. Rats were divided into four groups: control, hypothyroid, and hypothyroid treated with Rosi at doses of 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg. Memory was then assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Following anesthetization, brain samples were collected for biochemical measurements. Hypothyroidism increased the escape latency and traveled path in the learning trials of the MWM and decreased the time spent and the distance traveled in the target quadrant on the probe day. Hypothyroidism also impaired the avoidance behavior of rats in the PA test. Rosi improved the performance of rats in both MWM and PA tasks. Hypothyroidism also decreased hippocampal BDNF levels, increased NO metabolites, and induced oxidative damage in the brain. Treatment of hypothyroid rats with both doses of Rosi increased BDNF levels and decreased NO metabolites and malondialdehyde concentrations. In addition, thiol content and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased in the brain regions of hypothyroid rats receiving Rosi. The administration of 4 mg/kg Rosi also significantly increased serum thyroxin levels. The results of the present study showed that BDNF and NO play a role in the protective effects of Rosi against learning and memory impairment in hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
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28
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Interaction between dietary total antioxidant capacity and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on lipid profiles and atherogenic indices among diabetic patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19108. [PMID: 34580389 PMCID: PMC8476521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the "neurotrophin" family of growth factors, and it has recently been associated to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We anticipated that BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms may alter CVD risk markers such as serum lipid profile differences, and interaction with total antioxidant capacity of diet (DTAC) could alter these clinical parameters. This cross-sectional study consisted of 667 diabetic patients (39.7% male and 60.3% female). DTAC was calculated by international databases. Biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α). interleukin 18 (IL18), leptin and ghrelin were measured by standard protocol. Atherogenic indices (AIP, AC, CR-I, CR-II) were calculated. Genotyping of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms was conducted by the real-time PCR-RFLP method. The gene-diet interactions were evaluated using a generalized linear mode (GLMs). Carriers of the Val/Met genotype who were in the higher median intake of FRAP had lower HDL (P:0.04) and higher TG (P:0.005), AIP (P:0.02) and AC (P:0.02) index compared to Val/Val genotypes with lower median intake. Moreover, diabetic patients with Val/Met genotype who consumed higher ORAC intake had increased odds for anthropometric indices (BMI (P:0.01) and WC (P:0.03)), lipid profiles (TG) (P:0.01), and atherogenic index (AIP) (P:0.02), also decreased odds for HDL (P:0.03) concentration compared to reference group whit lower ORAC intake. Individuals with Val/Met genotype who consumed higher TRAP intake had increased odds for WC (P:0.04), TC (P:0.001), TG (P < 0.001), AIP (P < 0.001) and AC (P < 0.001). Finally, Val/Met patients with a higher median intake of TEAC had higher TG (P:0.02), AIP (P:0.009) and AC (P:0.03) compared to the reference group whit lower TEAC intake. Our study showed that Val/Met genotype had also the highest lipid profile and atherogenic indices even in the highest adherence to DTAC. While it seems that the presence of the Val/Val wild-type and BDNF Met/Met homozygotes in diabetic patients with a high DTAC is a protective factor.
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Hsu MH, Chang KA, Chen YC, Lin IC, Sheen JM, Huang LT. Resveratrol prevented spatial deficits and rescued disarrayed hippocampus asymmetric dimethylarginine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in young rats with increased circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1091-1099. [PMID: 34284453 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine can be encountered in chronic inflammatory disease, liver damage, renal failure, and multiple organ failure. In addition, an association between circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and all-cause mortality has been reported. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, postnatal day 17 ± 1, received continuous asymmetric dimethylarginine infusion via an intraperitoneal pump. Spatial performance and dorsal hippocampal asymmetric dimethylarginine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were examined, and the effect of resveratrol was tested. A 4-week continuous asymmetric dimethylarginine infusion in young male rats caused spatial deficits, increased asymmetric dimethylarginine levels, and decreased BDNF expression in the dorsal hippocampus. Increased oxidative stress and altered molecules in the dorsal hippocampus linked to asymmetric dimethylarginine and BDNF functions were detected. Resveratrol protected against these effects, reversing spatial deficits, and reducing the changes in the dorsal hippocampal asymmetric dimethylarginine and BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kow-Aung Chang
- Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County, Puzi City, Taiwan
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Mahdinia R, Goudarzi I, Lashkarbolouki T, Elahdadi Salmani M. Maternal ethanol exposure induces behavioral deficits through oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor interrelation in rat offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:717-730. [PMID: 34427953 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy damages the central nervous system of developing fetus and results in persistent physical and neurobehavioral abnormalities, including learning and memory disorders. The hippocampus which is involved in learning and memory is highly susceptible to the ethanol neurotoxic effects. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms in alcohol-induced disorders. Ethanol also interferes with the brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) expression. Using vitamin E as a potent antioxidant, we studied the possible interrelation between oxidative stress and BDNF on cognition. Ethanol (4 g/kg) and vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were given to pregnant Wistar rats on first day of gestation (GD) until weaning (28 days). Oxidative stress marker, BDNF expression, and cyclic AMP-response binding-protein (CREB) expression levels were measured on postnatal days (PND) 28. Object location memory (OLM) was evaluated on PND 34. Our results demonstrated that ethanol exposure significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and carbonyl protein content in the hippocampus. Total BDNF, BDNF mRNA, and CREB expression significantly reduced in the hippocampus by ethanol exposure. Also, ethanol significantly reduced the discrimination index (DI) in the OLM test. In addition, vitamin E administration could reduce oxidative stress, increase significantly BDNF and CREB levels, and improve cognitive dysfunction induced by ethanol exposure. Collectively, results suggest that probably oxidative stress can interrelate with the BDNF system for modulating cognitive function in the ethanol-exposed rat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iran Goudarzi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
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Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Melo VHD, De Sousa RAL. Exercise-linked consequences on epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108079. [PMID: 34058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a brain disorder that leads to seizures and neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Physical inactivity can contribute to worse epilepsy pathophysiology. Here, we review how physical exercise affects epilepsy physiopathology. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed and the mechanisms of physical exercise on epilepsy were discussed. The search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed. Articles with relevant information were included. Only studies written in English were considered. RESULTS The regular practice of physical exercise can be beneficial for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory and stress biomarkers, increasing socialization, and reducing the incidence of epileptic seizures. Physical exercise is also capable of reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in epilepsy. Physical exercise can also improve cognitive function in epilepsy. The regular practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) in the hippocampi, induces neurogenesis, inhibits oxidative stress and reactive gliosis, avoids cognitive impairment, and stimulates the production of dopamine in the epileptic brain. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is an excellent non-pharmacological tool that can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleyś Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Holloway Z, Hawkey A, Asrat H, Boinapally N, Levin ED. The use of tocofersolan as a rescue agent in larval zebrafish exposed to benzo[a]pyrene in early development. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:78-84. [PMID: 34273383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants created by incomplete combustion. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the prototypic PAH, is known to exert toxicity through oxidative stress which is thought to occur through inhibition of antioxidant scavenging systems. The use of agents that reduce oxidative stress may be a valuable route for ameliorating the adverse effects of PAHs on neural development and behavior. This study was conducted to determine if tocofersolan (a synthetic water-soluble analog of vitamin E) supplementation can prevent or reduce neurobehavioral deficits in zebrafish embryos exposed to BaP during early development. Newly hatched zebrafish were assessed on locomotor activity and light responsivity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to vehicle (DMSO), tocofersolan (0.3 μM-3 μM), and/or BaP (5 μM) from 5-120 hours post-fertilization. This concentration range was below the threshold for producing overt dysmorphogenesis or decreased survival. One day after the end of exposure the larval fish were tested for locomotor activity under alternating light and dark 10 min periods, BaP (5 μM) was found to cause locomotor hypoactivity in larval fish. Co-exposure of tocofersolan (1 μM) restored control-like locomotor function. Based on the findings of this study, this model can be expanded to assess the outcome of vitamin E supplementation on other potential environmental neurotoxicants, and lead to determination if this rescue persists into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zade Holloway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Andrew Hawkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Helina Asrat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Nidhi Boinapally
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA.
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Sharma S. High fat diet and its effects on cognitive health: alterations of neuronal and vascular components of brain. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113528. [PMID: 34260890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W2Y2, Canada.
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Zhang L, Bo J, Chen W, Li S, Wang Y, Yan L, Wu L, Zhang Y. The Role of Nrf2 on the Cognitive Dysfunction of High-fat Diet Mice Following Lead Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2247-2258. [PMID: 32812172 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure can induce the severe deleterious damage on the central nervous system (CNS). High-fat diet also has been suggested that it had some adverse effects on learning and memory, cognitive function, but there is lack of study on Pb and high-fat diet co-exposure on the CNS damage. In this study, the goal was to explore the effect of Pb on the cognitive function of mice with high-fat diet and to investigate whether Nrf2 signaling pathway acts in the cerebral cortex. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet, Pb (drinking water with 250 mg/L lead acetate), and high-fat diet with Pb (drinking water with 250 mg/L lead acetate) co-exposure groups for 12 weeks. Experiment data showed that learn memory and exploration ability of mice obviously decreased in Pb and high-fat diet, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased; then, the protein expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, NADP(H):dehydrogenase quinone 1, and superoxide dismutase 2 were lower significantly compared with those in the control group. This study suggested that down-expressed Nrf2 signaling pathway possibly related to the cognitive dysfunction induced by Pb and high-fat diet co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhu Bo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Afflicted Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
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The impact of maternal obesity on childhood neurodevelopment. J Perinatol 2021; 41:928-939. [PMID: 33249428 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that maternal obesity increases children's susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Given the worldwide obesity epidemic, it is crucial that we acquire a thorough understanding of the available evidence, identify gaps in knowledge, and develop an agenda for intervention. This review synthesizes human and animal studies investigating the association between maternal obesity and offspring brain health. It also highlights key mechanisms underlying these effects, including maternal and fetal inflammation, alterations to the microbiome, epigenetic modifications of neurotrophic genes, and impaired dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling. Lastly, this review highlights several proposed interventions and priorities for future investigation.
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Penna E, Cavaliere G, Tudisco R, Musco N, Manca C, Catapano A, Monda M, Bergamo P, Banni S, Infascelli F, Lombardi P, Crispino M. Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:1111. [PMID: 33800688 PMCID: PMC8066999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding-the main way to modify milk fat composition-may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
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Sedky AA. Improvement of cognitive function, glucose and lipid homeostasis and serum osteocalcin levels by liraglutide in diabetic rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:989-1003. [PMID: 33683755 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose and lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress (OXS) and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptors modulate glucose and lipid metabolism, cognitive function and serum osteocalcin. On the other hand, osteocalcin modulates cognitive function and glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether the GLP 1 agonist liraglutide improves cognitive function via modulation of serum osteocalcin and glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS Effects of 4 weeks liraglutide treatment (100 µg/Kg/d and 300 µg/Kg/d) on changes in cognitive function and bone homeostasis, induced by high fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin (HFD-STZ), were determined in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Serum and bone biochemical parameters were determined. RESULTS Liraglutide dose-dependently improved cognitive function in diabetic rats (reduced escape latency, and increased time spent in target quadrant in MWM test, compared to diabetic control). Glucose and lipid abnormalities and the associated changes in serum BDNF and oxidative stress makers were improved. Serum BDNF and glutathione were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde level was reduced. Serum osteocalcin was significantly increased and correlated with improvement in cognitive dysfunction. Serum and bone receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratios were significantly reduced by liraglutide treatment. CONCLUSION Improvement of cognitive dysfunction by liraglutide involves modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and serum osteocalcin. GLP1 agonists may provide an alternative metabolic approach for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes.
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Ghalandari-Shamami M, Nourizade S, Barati M, Yousefi B, Pashayi M, Ali Vafaei A, Kokhaei P, Rashidy-Pour A. Exercise and crocin prevent adolescent-stress induced impairment of spatial navigation and dendritic retraction in the hippocampal CA3 area in adult male rats. Brain Res 2021; 1754:147274. [PMID: 33422526 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent chronic stress has been shown to induce functional, biochemical and morphological modifications of the hippocampus, leading to stress-related disorders in adulthood. The present study investigated the effects of exercise, crocin and their combination on spatial learning and memory impairment and dendritic retraction of the CA3 pyramidal neurons induced by chronic adolescent stress in adult male rats. Rats were exposed to restraint stress 2 h/day for 10 days during postnatal days (PNDs) 30-40. Following this period, separate groups of animals were treated with crocin (25 and 50 mg/kg), exposed to running wheel, and or received the combined treatment during PNDs 41-55. Following the interventions, plasma levels of corticosterone, spatial learning and memory, apical dendritic length of CA3 pyramidal neurons and BDNF levels in the CA3 area were assessed. Findings showed that adolescent stress significantly increased corticosterone levels and caused a tendency to reduce CA3 BDNF levels. Adolescent stress also impaired spatial learning and memory, and retracted apical dendritic length of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Crocin, voluntary exercise, and their combination recovered stress-induced spatial learning and impairment and CA3 pyramidal neurons dendritic length retraction. All treatments also reduced significantly corticosterone levels and enhanced CA3 BDNF levels in the stress groups. Finally, these treatments even increased apical dendritic length of CA3 pyramidal neurons in the non-stress groups. These findings indicate that detrimental effects of adolescent stress on cognitive function and hippocampal morphology in adulthood could be restored by early interventions with physical activity and crocin treatment during adolescent period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Ghalandari-Shamami
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Shahla Nourizade
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behpour Yousefi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehrnush Pashayi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Associations between Diet Quality, Weight Status and Academic Performance in Senior High-School Students in Tehran. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/nfsr.8.2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kawamura N, Katsuura G, Yamada-Goto N, Novianti E, Inui A, Asakawa A. Impaired brain fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling is implicated in cognitive dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001492. [PMID: 33568358 PMCID: PMC7878130 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A diet high in saturated fat is well known to affect neuronal function and contribute to cognitive decline in experimental animals and humans. Fractalkine released from neurons acts on its receptor, CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), in the microglia to regulate several brain functions. The present study addressed whether fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling in the brain, especially the hippocampus, contributes to the cognitive deficits observed in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mice were given 60% high-fat diet for 16 weeks. The expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex of DIO mice was analyzed. Cognitive ability in the Y-maze test and hippocampal glutamate receptors and synaptic markers were observed in DIO and CX3CR1 antagonist-treated mice. Regulation of fractalkine and CX3CR1 expression in the hippocampus was examined following administration of a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor inhibitor and a tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist in normal mice. RESULTS DIO mice exhibited significant cognitive deficits in the Y-maze test and decrease in fractalkine and CX3CR1 in the hippocampus and amygdala compared with mice fed a control diet (CD mice). Administration of the CX3CR1 antagonist 18a in normal mice induced significant cognitive deficits in the Y-maze test. DIO mice and CX3CR1 antagonist-treated mice exhibited significant decreases in protein levels of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor subunit (NR2A), AMPA (α-amino-5-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-isoxazole propionate) receptor subunit (GluR1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 in the hippocampus compared with their respective controls. Furthermore, plasma IGF-1 and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor were significantly decreased in DIO mice compared with CD mice. Administration of a selective IGF-1 receptor inhibitor and a TrkB antagonist in normal mice significantly decreased fractalkine and CX3CR1 in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the cognitive decline observed in DIO mice is due, in part, to reduced fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling in the corticolimbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiko Kawamura
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuura
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nobuko Yamada-Goto
- Health Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ela Novianti
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Systematic review of biological markers of therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:429-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Molecular Changes in Circulating microRNAs' Expression and Oxidative Stress in Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:57-70. [PMID: 33447019 PMCID: PMC7802783 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s285689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of miRNAs in tissue fluids significantly recommends its use as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for the progression and pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in aged patients. OBJECTIVE The potential role of circulated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MCI and its association with cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and circulated BDNF, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) were evaluated in older adults with MCI. METHODS A total of 150 subjects aged 65.4±3.7 years were recruited in this study. The participants were classified into two groups: healthy normal (n=80) and MCI (n=70). Real-time PCR analysis was performed to estimate the relative expression of miRNAs; miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b, and apoptotic-related genes Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the sera of MCI and control subjects. In addition, oxidative stress parameters; MDA, NO, SOD, and CAT; as well as plasma DPP4 activity, BDNF, SIRT1 levels were colorimetrically estimated. RESULTS The levels of miR-124a and miR-483-5p significantly increased and miR-142-3p and miR-125b significantly reduced in the serum of MCI patients compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs significantly correlated with severe cognitive decline, measured by MMSE, MoCA, ADL, and memory scores. The expression of Bax, and caspase-3 apoptotic inducing genes significantly increased and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic gene significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. In addition, the plasma levels of MDA, NO, and DPP4 activity significantly increased, and the levels of SOD, CAT, BDNF, and SIRT1 significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs correlated positively with NO, MDA, DPP4 activity, BDNF, and SIRT-1, and negatively with the levels of CAT, SOD, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 genes. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b significantly associated with severe cognitive decline, cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis in patients with MCI. Thus, it could be potential non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of MCI with high diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Al-Rawaf
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Liu J, Dimitrov S, Sawangjit A, Born J, Ehrlich I, Hallschmid M. Short-term high-fat feeding induces a reversible net decrease in synaptic AMPA receptors in the hypothalamus. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108516. [PMID: 33022406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary obesity compromises brain function, but the effects of high-fat food on synaptic transmission in hypothalamic networks, as well as their potential reversibility, are yet to be fully characterized. We investigated the impact of high-fat feeding on a hallmark of synaptic plasticity, i.e., the expression of glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) that contain the subunits GluA1 and GluA2, in hypothalamic and cortical synaptoneurosomes of male rats. In the main experiment (experiment 1), three days, but not one day of high-fat diet (HFD) decreased the levels of AMPAR GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, as well as GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, in hypothalamus but not cortex. In experiment 2, we compared the effects of the three-day HFD with those a three-day HFD followed by four recovery days of normal chow. This experiment corroborated the suppressive effect of high-fat feeding on hypothalamic but not cortical AMPAR GluA1, GluA2, and GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, and indicated that the effects are reversed by normal-chow feeding. High-fat feeding generally increased energy intake, body weight, and serum concentrations of insulin, leptin, free fatty acids, and corticosterone; only the three-day HFD increased wakefulness assessed via video analysis. Results indicate a reversible down-regulation of hypothalamic glutamatergic synaptic strength in response to short-term high-fat feeding. Preceding the manifestation of obesity, this rapid change in glutamatergic neurotransmission may underlie counter-regulatory efforts to prevent excess body weight gain, and therefore, represent a new target of interventions to improve metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anuck Sawangjit
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Ehrlich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.
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Thelen M, Brown-Borg HM. Does Diet Have a Role in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:617071. [PMID: 33424583 PMCID: PMC7785773 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.617071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process causes many changes to the brain and is a major risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Despite an already vast amount of research on AD, a greater understanding of the disease's pathology and therapeutic options are desperately needed. One important distinction that is also in need of further study is the ability to distinguish changes to the brain observed in early stages of AD vs. changes that occur with normal aging. Current FDA-approved therapeutic options for AD patients have proven to be ineffective and indicate the need for alternative therapies. Aging interventions including alterations in diet (such as caloric restriction, fasting, or methionine restriction) have been shown to be effective in mediating increased health and lifespan in mice and other model organisms. Because aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, certain dietary interventions should be explored as they have the potential to act as a future treatment option for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Thelen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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Free Fatty Acids and Their Inflammatory Derivatives Affect BDNF in Stroke Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6676247. [PMID: 33343231 PMCID: PMC7728491 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6676247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) affects poststroke functional outcome, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity. Its level is related to the diet and nutritional status, and more specifically, it is free fatty acids (FFAs) and eicosanoids that can have an impact on the BDNF level. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential impact of FFAs and eicosanoids on the BDNF level in stroke patients. Material and Methods. Seventy-three ischemic stroke patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Laboratory tests were performed in all subjects, including the levels of FFAs, eicosanoids, and BDNF. FFAs and inflammatory metabolites were determined by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, while BDNF was evaluated by the immune-enzymatic method (ELISA). Results The plasma level of BDNF negatively correlated with C22:1n9 13 erucic acid, C18:3n3 linolenic acid (ALA), and lipoxin A4 15-epi-LxA4. A direct association was observed in relation to BDNF and C16:1 palmitoleic acid and C20:3n6 eicosatrienoic acid (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA)). Conclusions Saturated fatty acids and omega-3 and omega-9 erucic acids can affect signaling in the BDNF synthesis resulting in the decrease in BDNF. There is a beneficial effect of DGLA on the BDNF level, while the effect of ALA on BDNF can be inhibitory. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators can play a role in the BDNF metabolism. BDNF can interact with inflammation as the risk factor in the cardiovascular disorders, including stroke.
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Obesity and muscle may have synergic effect more than independent effects on brain volume in community-based elderly. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:2956-2966. [PMID: 33196885 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the individual and combined effects of obesity and muscle mass on brain volume in a community-dwelling healthy older population. METHODS One thousand two hundred nine participants (M:F = 574:635, mean age 63.6 ± 6.9 years) were included. The cross-sectional area of visceral fat (VF), the height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2), and the ratio of thigh muscle to visceral fat (TM/VF) represented obesity, muscle mass, and their integrated value, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to establish associations between 215 brain compartment volumes and VF, ASM/height2, and TM/VF after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS On regression analysis, TM/VF had a positive correlation to the volumes of temporal lobe and cerebellum. TM/VF was associated with volumes of 10 subcompartments. TM/VF was positively correlated with the volumes of left entorhinal cortex, right temporal pole and inferior temporal gyrus related to cognition (p < 0.05, respectively), and the volumes of cerebellum and right pallidum related to movement (p < 0.05, respectively). However, VF had a negative correlation to temporal lobe volume and ASM/height2 had no significant correlation to any of the brain lobes. VF and ASM/height2 were correlated with volumes of 5 subcompartments and one subcompartment, respectively, CONCLUSIONS: TM/VF reflects the integrated effect of obesity and muscle mass and is associated with the volume of more brain regions compared to indices of obesity or muscle mass alone. The positive effect of muscle mass and the negative effect of obesity change the volumes of brain regions related to cognition and movement which were not significantly affected by obesity or muscle mass alone. KEY POINTS • If obesity and muscle mass were considered together, we could find more significant brain volume changes which were not found in obesity or muscle alone. • The ratio of thigh muscle to visceral fat was positively correlated with the volumes of entorhinal cortex, temporal pole, and inferior temporal gyrus related to cognition. • The ratio of thigh muscle to visceral fat was positively correlated with the volumes of cerebellum and pallidum related to movement.
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Braga SP, Delanogare E, Machado AE, Prediger RD, Moreira ELG. Switching from high-fat feeding (HFD) to regular diet improves metabolic and behavioral impairments in middle-aged female mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112969. [PMID: 33075395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. Excessive caloric intake, particularly in dietary fats, is an environmental factor that contributes to obesity development. Thus, the observation that switching from long-standing dietary obesity to standard diet (SD) can ameliorate the high-fat diet-induced metabolic, memory, and emotionality-related impairments are particularly important. Herein we investigated whether switching from the high-fat diet (HFD) to SD could improve the metabolic and behavioral impairments observed in middle-aged females C57Bl/6 mice. During twelve weeks, the animals received a high-fat diet (61 % fat) or SD diet. After 12-weeks, the HFD group's diet was switched to SD for an additional four weeks. It was observed a progressive deleterious effect of HFD in metabolic and behavioral parameters in mice. After four weeks of HFD-feeding, the animals showed glucose intolerance and increased locomotor activity. A subsequent increase in the body mass gain, hyperglycemia, and depressive-like behavior was observed after eight weeks, and memory impairments after twelve weeks. After replacing the HFD to SD, it was observed an improvement of metabolic (loss of body mass, normal plasma glucose levels, and glucose tolerance) and behavioral (absence of memory and emotional alterations) parameters. These results demonstrate the temporal development of metabolic and behavioral impairments following HFD in middle-age female mice and provide new evidence that these alterations can be improved by switching back the diet to SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira Braga
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eslen Delanogare
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriano Emanuel Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Zheng T, Chen X, Ge B, Chen B, Qin L, Tian L, Gao Y, Hu X, Xiao L, Pan H, Chen Y. Association between plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity to brain-derived neurotrophic factor ratio and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults with normal glucose tolerance: A cross-sectional study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:642-650. [PMID: 32081046 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1733078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Attenuation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) availability and increased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity have both been reported to link to the pathogenesis of depression. The aim of this study was to test the correlation between depressive symptoms and plasma DPP4 activity to BDNF ratio (DBR).Methods: We evaluated DPP4 activity, BDNF, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers and calculated DBR in a cross-sectional sample of 1640 non-diabetic participants.Results: DPP4 activity was negatively related to BDNF in participants with and without depressive symptoms (r= -0.351 and r= -0.404, p<.001). Nitrotyrosine and 8-iso-PGF2a mediated 18.4 and 12.6% of the total effect of DPP4 activity on BDNF, respectively. 8-iso-PGF2a, nitrotyrosine, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and PHQ-9 score progressively increased across DBR quartiles. Participants whose DBRs were in the highest quartile had 2.64-fold increased odds (OR = 3.03) of depressive symptoms. The depressive symptoms risk increased more with lower levels of BDNF and higher levels of DPP4 activity (p<.05).Conclusions: Our data suggested inverse correlation between DPP4 activity and BDNF through the oxidative stress mediator. The positive relationship between DBR and depressive symptoms risk raises feasibility of identifying DBR as a novel biological marker or even a possible therapeutic target for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Liuping Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Haidong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Wang Y, Jiang W, Dong Q, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Sun C, Sun G. Fetal exposure to dichloroacetic acid and impaired cognitive function in the adulthood. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01801. [PMID: 32841551 PMCID: PMC7559617 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dichloroacetic acid (DCA), a by-product of disinfection in drinking water, is a multiple organ carcinogen in humans and animals. Still, little research on its neurotoxicity and its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were intragastrically treated with DCA at 10, 30, 90 mg/kg body weight from pregnancy till delivery. At eight weeks of age of pups, we assessed cognitive performance using the standard behavioral tests. And the hippocampus structure and ultrastructure were evaluated using light and electron microscope. The oxidative stress indicators and neuroinflammation factors were measured with the corresponding kits. The mRNA and protein of synaptic factors were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS The results indicated that maternal weight gain and offspring birthweight were not significantly affected by DCA. However, behavioral tests, including morris water maze and step down, showed varying degrees of changes in DCA-treated pups. Additionally, we found significant differences in hippocampal neurons by histomorphological observation. Biochemical analysis results indicated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, were affected by DCA accompanying with DNA damage. Moreover, the results showed that the neuroinflammation factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in DCA treatment groups increased significantly compared with the control pups. And we also found that DCA treatment caused a differential modulation of proteins (BDNF, cAMP-response element-binding protein1 (CREB1), p-CREB1, postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), synapsin I, p-synapsin I), and mRNA (BDNF, PSD-95). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results above showed that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation response, and weakened synaptic plasticity in pups hippocampus induced by fetal exposure to DCA could damage the function of memory and cognition in the adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qiuying Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Experimental Center, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Chen
- The first Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Guoli Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Center, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, P. R. China
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Reduced brain fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling is involved in the impaired cognition of streptozotocin-treated mice. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:233-240. [PMID: 32995659 PMCID: PMC7509139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus are predisposed to cognitive impairment. Fractalkine-CX3CR1 in the brain signaling represents a primary neuron-microglia inter-regulatory system for several brain functions including learning and memory processes. The present study addressed whether fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling in the hippocampus contributes to the cognitive deficits observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. Our results showed that STZ-treated mice exhibited significant cognitive deficits in the Y-maze test, and a decrease in fractalkine and CX3CR1 levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of the CX3CR1 antagonist 18a in normal mice induced significant cognitive deficits in the Y-maze test. STZ-treated mice showed a significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels and a decrease in plasma and hippocampal levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Therefore, we examined the effects of corticosterone and IGF-1 on regulation of fractalkine and CX3CR1 expression. Dexamethasone (DEX) application significantly decreased the mRNA expression of fractalkine in primary neuron and astrocyte cultures, and of CX3CR1 in primary microglia cultures. On the other hand, IGF-1 application significantly increased the mRNA expression of fractalkine in primary neuron cultures and CX3CR1 in primary microglia cultures. In addition, administration of DEX and the IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor picropodophyllin significantly reduced the mRNA expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that impaired cognition in STZ-treated mice is associated with reduced fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling in the hippocampus which may be induced by an increase in corticosterone and a decrease in IGF-1.
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Key Words
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
- CNS, central nervous system
- CX3CR1
- CX3CR1, CX3C chemokine receptor 1
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Diabetes
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Fractalkine
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- Memory
- Mice
- NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate
- PPP, picropodophyllin
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Streptozotocin
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