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Kurteff GL, Field AM, Asghar S, Tyler-Kabara EC, Clarke D, Weiner HL, Anderson AE, Watrous AJ, Buchanan RJ, Modur PN, Hamilton LS. Processing of auditory feedback in perisylvian and insular cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.593257. [PMID: 38798574 PMCID: PMC11118286 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.593257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
When we speak, we not only make movements with our mouth, lips, and tongue, but we also hear the sound of our own voice. Thus, speech production in the brain involves not only controlling the movements we make, but also auditory and sensory feedback. Auditory responses are typically suppressed during speech production compared to perception, but how this manifests across space and time is unclear. Here we recorded intracranial EEG in seventeen pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients with medication-resistant epilepsy who performed a reading/listening task to investigate how other auditory responses are modulated during speech production. We identified onset and sustained responses to speech in bilateral auditory cortex, with a selective suppression of onset responses during speech production. Onset responses provide a temporal landmark during speech perception that is redundant with forward prediction during speech production. Phonological feature tuning in these "onset suppression" electrodes remained stable between perception and production. Notably, the posterior insula responded at sentence onset for both perception and production, suggesting a role in multisensory integration during feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Lynn Kurteff
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Field
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Saman Asghar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Tyler-Kabara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dave Clarke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne E. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J. Watrous
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Buchanan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pradeep N. Modur
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Liberty S. Hamilton
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Lead contact
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2
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Wang C, Jiang ZY, Chai JY, Chen HS, Liu LX, Dang T, Meng XM. Mouse auditory cortex sub-fields receive neuronal projections from MGB subdivisions independently. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7078. [PMID: 38528192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse auditory cortex is composed of six sub-fields: primary auditory field (AI), secondary auditory field (AII), anterior auditory field (AAF), insular auditory field (IAF), ultrasonic field (UF) and dorsoposterior field (DP). Previous studies have examined thalamo-cortical connections in the mice auditory system and learned that AI, AAF, and IAF receive inputs from the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGB). However, the functional and thalamo-cortical connections between nonprimary auditory cortex (AII, UF, and DP) is unclear. In this study, we examined the locations of neurons projecting to these three cortical sub-fields in the MGB, and addressed the question whether these cortical sub-fields receive inputs from different subsets of MGB neurons or common. To examine the distributions of projecting neurons in the MGB, retrograde tracers were injected into the AII, UF, DP, after identifying these areas by the method of Optical Imaging. Our results indicated that neuron cells which in ventral part of dorsal MGB (MGd) and that of ventral MGB (MGv) projecting to UF and AII with less overlap. And DP only received neuron projecting from MGd. Interestingly, these three cortical areas received input from distinct part of MGd and MGv in an independent manner. Based on our foundings these three auditory cortical sub-fields in mice may independently process auditory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Chai
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Hong-Suo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Li-Xia Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Tong Dang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xian-Mei Meng
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
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3
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Palchaudhuri S, Osypenko D, Schneggenburger R. Fear Learning: An Evolving Picture for Plasticity at Synaptic Afferents to the Amygdala. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:87-104. [PMID: 35822657 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the neuronal mechanisms of fear learning might allow neuroscientists to make links between a learned behavior and the underlying plasticity at specific synaptic connections. In fear learning, an innocuous sensory event such as a tone (called the conditioned stimulus, CS) acquires an emotional value when paired with an aversive outcome (unconditioned stimulus, US). Here, we review earlier studies that have shown that synaptic plasticity at thalamic and cortical afferents to the lateral amygdala (LA) is critical for the formation of auditory-cued fear memories. Despite the early progress, it has remained unclear whether there are separate synaptic inputs that carry US information to the LA to act as a teaching signal for plasticity at CS-coding synapses. Recent findings have begun to fill this gap by showing, first, that thalamic and cortical auditory afferents can also carry US information; second, that the release of neuromodulators contributes to US-driven teaching signals; and third, that synaptic plasticity additionally happens at connections up- and downstream of the LA. Together, a picture emerges in which coordinated synaptic plasticity in serial and parallel circuits enables the formation of a finely regulated fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Palchaudhuri
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denys Osypenko
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schneggenburger
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Zhou B, Tomioka R, Song WJ. Temporal profiles of neuronal responses to repeated tone stimuli in the mouse primary auditory cortex. Hear Res 2023; 430:108710. [PMID: 36758331 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
How the auditory system processes temporal information of sound has been investigated extensively using repeated stimuli. Recent studies on how the response of neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1) changes with the progression of stimulus repetition, have reported response temporal profiles of two categories: "adaptation", i.e., gradual decrease, and "facilitation", i.e., gradual increase. To explore the existence of profiles of other categories and to examine the tone-frequency-dependence of the profile category in single neurons, here we studied the response of mouse A1 neurons to four or five tone-trains; each train comprised 10 identical tone pips, with 0.5-s inter-tone-intervals, and the four or five trains differed only in tone frequency. The response to each tone in a train was evaluated using the peak of the ON response, and how the peak response changed with the tone number in the train, i.e., the response temporal profile, was examined. We confirmed the existence of profiles of both "adaptation" and "facilitation" categories; "adaptation" could be further subcategorized into "slow adaptation" and "fast adaptation" profiles, with the latter being encountered more frequently. Moreover, two new categories of non-monotonic profiles were identified: an "adaptation with recovery" profile and a "facilitation followed by adaptation" profile. Examination of single neurons with trains of different tone frequencies revealed that some A1 neurons exhibited profiles of the same category to tone trains of different tone frequencies, whereas others exhibited profiles of different categories, depending on the tone frequency. These results demonstrate the variety in the response temporal profiles of mouse A1 neurons, which may benefit the encoding of individual tones in a train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tomioka
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University 860-8556, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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5
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Lavi A, Sehgal M, de Sousa AF, Ter-Mkrtchyan D, Sisan F, Luchetti A, Okabe A, Bear C, Silva AJ. Local memory allocation recruits memory ensembles across brain regions. Neuron 2023; 111:470-480.e5. [PMID: 36563678 PMCID: PMC10548338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Memories are thought to be stored in ensembles of neurons across multiple brain regions. However, whether and how these ensembles are coordinated at the time of learning remains largely unknown. Here, we combined CREB-mediated memory allocation with transsynaptic retrograde tracing to demonstrate that the allocation of aversive memories to a group of neurons in one brain region directly affects the allocation of interconnected neurons in upstream brain regions in a behavioral- and brain region-specific manner in mice. Our analysis suggests that this cross-regional recruitment of presynaptic neurons is initiated by downstream memory neurons through a retrograde mechanism. Together with statistical modeling, our results indicate that in addition to the anterograde flow of information between brain regions, the establishment of interconnected, brain-wide memory traces relies on a retrograde mechanism that coordinates memory ensembles at the time of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayal Lavi
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megha Sehgal
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre F de Sousa
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donara Ter-Mkrtchyan
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fardad Sisan
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Luchetti
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Okabe
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Bear
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Kintscher M, Kochubey O, Schneggenburger R. A striatal circuit balances learned fear in the presence and absence of sensory cues. eLife 2023; 12:75703. [PMID: 36655978 PMCID: PMC9897731 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During fear learning, defensive behaviors like freezing need to be finely balanced in the presence or absence of threat-predicting cues (conditioned stimulus, CS). Nevertheless, the circuits underlying such balancing are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of the ventral tail striatum (vTS) in auditory-cued fear learning of male mice. In vivo Ca2+ imaging showed that sizable sub-populations of direct (D1R+) and indirect pathway neurons (Adora+) in the vTS responded to footshocks, and to the initiation of movements after freezing; moreover, a sub-population of D1R+ neurons increased its responsiveness to an auditory CS during fear learning. In-vivo optogenetic silencing shows that footshock-driven activity of D1R+ neurons contributes to fear memory formation, whereas Adora+ neurons modulate freezing in the absence of a learned CS. Circuit tracing identified the posterior insular cortex (pInsCx) as an important cortical input to the vTS, and recording of optogenetically evoked EPSCs revealed long-term plasticity with opposite outcomes at the pInsCx synapses onto D1R+ - and Adora+ neurons. Thus, direct- and indirect pathways neurons of the vTS show differential signs of plasticity after fear learning, and balance defensive behaviors in the presence and absence of learned sensory cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kintscher
- Laboratory for Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Olexiy Kochubey
- Laboratory for Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ralf Schneggenburger
- Laboratory for Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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7
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Abstract
Temperature is a fundamental sensory modality separate from touch, with dedicated receptor channels and primary afferent neurons for cool and warm1-3. Unlike for other modalities, however, the cortical encoding of temperature remains unknown, with very few cortical neurons reported that respond to non-painful temperature, and the presence of a 'thermal cortex' is debated4-8. Here, using widefield and two-photon calcium imaging in the mouse forepaw system, we identify cortical neurons that respond to cooling and/or warming with distinct spatial and temporal response properties. We observed a representation of cool, but not warm, in the primary somatosensory cortex, but cool and warm in the posterior insular cortex (pIC). The representation of thermal information in pIC is robust and somatotopically arranged, and reversible manipulations show a profound impact on thermal perception. Despite being positioned along the same one-dimensional sensory axis, the encoding of cool and that of warm are distinct, both in highly and broadly tuned neurons. Together, our results show that pIC contains the primary cortical representation of skin temperature and may help explain how the thermal system generates sensations of cool and warm.
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8
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Bokiniec P, Whitmire CJ, Leva TM, Poulet JFA. Brain-wide connectivity map of mouse thermosensory cortices. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4870-4885. [PMID: 36255325 PMCID: PMC10110442 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the thermal system, skin cooling is represented in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the posterior insular cortex (pIC). Whether S1 and pIC are nodes in anatomically separate or overlapping thermal sensorimotor pathways is unclear, as the brain-wide connectivity of the thermal system has not been mapped. We address this using functionally targeted, dual injections of anterograde viruses or retrograde tracers into the forelimb representation of S1 (fS1) and pIC (fpIC). Our data show that inputs to fS1 and fpIC originate from separate neuronal populations, supporting the existence of parallel input pathways. Outputs from fS1 and fpIC are more widespread than their inputs, sharing a number of cortical and subcortical targets. While, axonal projections were separable, they were more overlapping than the clusters of input cells. In both fS1 and fpIC circuits, there was a high degree of reciprocal connectivity with thalamic and cortical regions, but unidirectional output to the midbrain and hindbrain. Notably, fpIC showed connectivity with regions associated with thermal processing. Together, these data indicate that cutaneous thermal information is routed to the cortex via parallel circuits and is forwarded to overlapping downstream regions for the binding of somatosensory percepts and integration with ongoing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Bokiniec
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa J Whitmire
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias M Leva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - James F A Poulet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Yudintsev G, Asilador AR, Sons S, Vaithiyalingam Chandra Sekaran N, Coppinger M, Nair K, Prasad M, Xiao G, Ibrahim BA, Shinagawa Y, Llano DA. Evidence for Layer-Specific Connectional Heterogeneity in the Mouse Auditory Corticocollicular System. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9906-9918. [PMID: 34670851 PMCID: PMC8638684 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2624-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory cortex (AC) sends long-range projections to virtually all subcortical auditory structures. One of the largest and most complex of these-the projection between AC and inferior colliculus (IC; the corticocollicular pathway)-originates from layer 5 and deep layer 6. Though previous work has shown that these two corticocollicular projection systems have different physiological properties and network connectivities, their functional organization is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of traditional and viral tracers combined with in vivo imaging in both sexes of the mouse, we observed that layer 5 and layer 6 corticocollicular neurons differ in their areas of origin and termination patterns. Layer 5 corticocollicular neurons are concentrated in primary AC, while layer 6 corticocollicular neurons emanate from broad auditory and limbic areas in the temporal cortex. In addition, layer 5 sends dense projections of both small and large (>1 µm2 area) terminals to all regions of nonlemniscal IC, while layer 6 sends small terminals to the most superficial 50-100 µm of the IC. These findings suggest that layer 5 and 6 corticocollicular projections are optimized to play distinct roles in corticofugal modulation. Layer 5 neurons provide strong, rapid, and unimodal feedback to the nonlemniscal IC, while layer 6 neurons provide heteromodal and limbic modulation diffusely to the nonlemniscal IC. Such organizational diversity in the corticocollicular pathway may help to explain the heterogeneous effects of corticocollicular manipulations and, given similar diversity in corticothalamic pathways, may be a general principle in top-down modulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We demonstrate that a major descending system in the brain is actually two systems. That is, the auditory corticocollicular projection, which exerts considerable influence over the midbrain, comprises two projections: one from layer 5 and the other from layer 6. The layer 6 projection is diffusely organized, receives multisensory inputs, and ends in small terminals; while the layer 5 projection is derived from a circumscribed auditory cortical area and ends in large terminals. These data suggest that the varied effects of cortical manipulations on the midbrain may be related to effects on two disparate systems. These findings have broader implications because other descending systems derive from two layers. Therefore, a duplex organization may be a common motif in descending control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiy Yudintsev
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Alexander R Asilador
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Stacy Sons
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Nathiya Vaithiyalingam Chandra Sekaran
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Macey Coppinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kavya Nair
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Masumi Prasad
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Gang Xiao
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Baher A Ibrahim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Yoshitaka Shinagawa
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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10
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Chen F, Takemoto M, Nishimura M, Tomioka R, Song WJ. Postnatal development of subfields in the core region of the mouse auditory cortex. Hear Res 2020; 400:108138. [PMID: 33285368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The core region of the rodent auditory cortex has two subfields: the primary auditory area (A1) and the anterior auditory field (AAF). Although the postnatal development of A1 has been studied in several mammalian species, few studies have been conducted on the postnatal development of AAF. Using a voltage-sensitive-dye-based imaging method, we examined and compared the postnatal development of AAF and A1 in mice from postnatal day 11 (P11) to P40. We focused on the postnatal development of tonotopy, the relative position between A1 and AAF, and the properties of tone-evoked responses in the subfields. Tone-evoked responses in the mouse auditory cortex were first observed at P12, and tonotopy was found in both A1 and AAF at this age. Quantification of tonotopy using the cortical magnification factor (CMF; octave difference per unit cortical distance) revealed a rapid change from P12 to P14 in both A1 and AAF, and a stable level from P14. A similar time course of postnatal development was found for the distance between the 4 kHz site in A1 and AAF, the distance between the 16 kHz site in A1 and AAF, and the angle between the frequency axis of A1 and AAF. The maximum amplitude and rise time of tone-evoked signals in both A1 and AAF showed no significant change from P12 to P40, but the latency of the responses to both the 4 kHz and 16 kHz tones decreased during this period, with a more rapid decrease in the latency to 16 kHz tones in both subfields. The duration of responses evoked by 4 kHz tones in both A1 and AAF showed no significant postnatal change, but the duration of responses to 16 kHz tones decreased exponentially in both subfields. The cortical area activated by 4 kHz tones in AAF was always larger than that in A1 at all ages (P12-P40). Our results demonstrated that A1 and AAF developed in parallel postnatally, showing a rapid maturation of tonotopy, slow maturation of response latency and response duration, and a dorsal-to-ventral order (high-frequency site to low-frequency site) of functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Chen
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Takemoto
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishimura
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tomioka
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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11
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Srivastava HK, Bandyopadhyay S. Parallel Lemniscal and Non-Lemniscal Sources Control Auditory Responses in the Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC). eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0121-20.2020. [PMID: 32753369 PMCID: PMC7545433 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0121-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) controls flexible behavior through stimulus value updating based on stimulus outcome associations, allowing seamless navigation in dynamic sensory environments with changing contingencies. Sensory cue driven responses, primarily studied through behavior, exist in the OFC. However, OFC neurons' sensory response properties, particularly auditory, are unknown in the mouse, a genetically tractable animal. We show that mouse OFC single neurons have unique auditory response properties showing pure oddball detection and long timescales of adaptation resulting in stimulus-history dependence. Further, we show that OFC auditory responses are shaped by two parallel sources in the auditory thalamus, lemniscal and non-lemniscal. The latter underlies a large component of the observed oddball detection and additionally controls persistent activity in the OFC through the amygdala. The deviant selectivity can serve as a signal for important changes in the auditory environment. Such signals, if coupled with persistent activity, obtained by disinhibitory control from the non-lemniscal auditory thalamus or amygdala, will allow for associations with a delayed outcome related signal, like reward prediction error, and potentially forms the basis of updating stimulus outcome associations in the OFC. Thus, the baseline sensory responses allow the behavioral requirement-based response modification through relevant inputs from other structures related to reward, punishment, or memory. Thus, alterations in these responses in neurologic disorders can lead to behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant K Srivastava
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sharba Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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12
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Zhang M, Kwon SE, Ben-Johny M, O'Connor DH, Issa JB. Spectral hallmark of auditory-tactile interactions in the mouse somatosensory cortex. Commun Biol 2020; 3:64. [PMID: 32047263 PMCID: PMC7012892 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To synthesize a coherent representation of the external world, the brain must integrate inputs across different types of stimuli. Yet the mechanistic basis of this computation at the level of neuronal populations remains obscure. Here, we investigate tactile-auditory integration using two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the mouse primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. Pairing sound with whisker stimulation modulates tactile responses in both S1 and S2, with the most prominent modulation being robust inhibition in S2. The degree of inhibition depends on tactile stimulation frequency, with lower frequency responses the most severely attenuated. Alongside these neurons, we identify sound-selective neurons in S2 whose responses are inhibited by high tactile frequencies. These results are consistent with a hypothesized local mutually-inhibitory S2 circuit that spectrally selects tactile versus auditory inputs. Our findings enrich mechanistic understanding of multisensory integration and suggest a key role for S2 in combining auditory and tactile information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manning Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sung Eun Kwon
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, and Brain Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniel H O'Connor
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, and Brain Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John B Issa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA.
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13
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Nakata S, Takemoto M, Song WJ. Differential cortical and subcortical projection targets of subfields in the core region of mouse auditory cortex. Hear Res 2020; 386:107876. [PMID: 31881516 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The core region of the rodent auditory cortex has two areas: the primary auditory area (A1) and the anterior auditory field (AAF). However, the functional difference between these areas is unclear. To elucidate this issue, here we studied the projections from A1 and AAF in mice using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing either a green fluorescent protein or a red fluorescent protein. After mapping A1 and AAF using optical imaging, we injected a distinct AAV vector into each of the two fields at a frequency-matched high-frequency location. We found that A1 and AAF projected commonly to virtually all target areas examined, but each field had its own preference for projection targets. Frontal and parietal regions were the major cortical targets: in the frontal cortex, A1 and AAF showed dominant projections to the anterior cingulate cortex Cg1 and the secondary motor cortex (M2), respectively; in the parietal cortex, A1 and AAF exhibited dense projections to the medial secondary visual cortex and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), respectively. Although M2 and PPC received considerable input from A1 as well, A1 innervated the medial part whereas AAF innervated the lateral part of these cortical regions. A1 also projected to the orbitofrontal cortex, while AAF also projected to the primary somatosensory cortex and insular auditory cortex. As for subcortical projections, A1 and AAF projected to a common ventromedial region in the caudal striatum with a comparable strength; they also both projected to the medial geniculate body and the inferior colliculus, innervating common and distinct divisions of the nuclei. A1 also projected to visual subcortical structures, such as the superior colliculus and the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, where fibres from AAF were sparse. Our results demonstrate the preference of A1 and AAF for cortical and subcortical targets, and for divisions in individual target. The preference of A1 and AAF for sensory-related structures suggest a role for A1 in providing auditory information for audio-visual association at both the cortical and subcortical level, and a distinct role of AAF in providing auditory information for association with somatomotor information in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Nakata
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Makoto Takemoto
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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14
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Wu Y, Chen C, Chen M, Qian K, Lv X, Wang H, Jiang L, Yu L, Zhuo M, Qiu S. The anterior insular cortex unilaterally controls feeding in response to aversive visceral stimuli in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:640. [PMID: 32005806 PMCID: PMC6994462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced food intake is common to many pathological conditions, such as infection and toxin exposure. However, cortical circuits that mediate feeding responses to these threats are less investigated. The anterior insular cortex (aIC) is a core region that integrates interoceptive states and emotional awareness and consequently guides behavioral responses. Here, we demonstrate that the right-side aIC CamKII+ (aICCamKII) neurons in mice are activated by aversive visceral signals. Hyperactivation of the right-side aICCamKII neurons attenuates food consumption, while inhibition of these neurons increases feeding and reverses aversive stimuli-induced anorexia and weight loss. Similar manipulation at the left-side aIC does not cause significant behavioral changes. Furthermore, virus tracing reveals that aICCamKII neurons project directly to the vGluT2+ neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the right-side aICCamKII-to-LH pathway mediates feeding suppression. Our studies uncover a circuit from the cortex to the hypothalamus that senses aversive visceral signals and controls feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changwan Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Qian
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyou Lv
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiting Wang
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifei Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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The Mouse Cortical Connectome, Characterized by an Ultra-Dense Cortical Graph, Maintains Specificity by Distinct Connectivity Profiles. Neuron 2019; 97:698-715.e10. [PMID: 29420935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inter-areal wiring pattern of the mouse cerebral cortex was analyzed in relation to a refined parcellation of cortical areas. Twenty-seven retrograde tracer injections were made in 19 areas of a 47-area parcellation of the mouse neocortex. Flat mounts of the cortex and multiple histological markers enabled detailed counts of labeled neurons in individual areas. The observed log-normal distribution of connection weights to each cortical area spans 5 orders of magnitude and reveals a distinct connectivity profile for each area, analogous to that observed in macaques. The cortical network has a density of 97%, considerably higher than the 66% density reported in macaques. A weighted graph analysis reveals a similar global efficiency but weaker spatial clustering compared with that reported in macaques. The consistency, precision of the connectivity profile, density, and weighted graph analysis of the present data differ significantly from those obtained in earlier studies in the mouse.
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16
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Berret E, Kintscher M, Palchaudhuri S, Tang W, Osypenko D, Kochubey O, Schneggenburger R. RETRACTED: Insular cortex processes aversive somatosensory information and is crucial for threat learning. Science 2019; 364:science.aaw0474. [PMID: 31097492 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Learning about threats is essential for survival. During threat learning, an innocuous sensory percept such as a tone acquires an emotional meaning when paired with an aversive stimulus such as a mild footshock. The amygdala is critical for threat memory formation, but little is known about upstream brain areas that process aversive somatosensory information. Using optogenetic techniques in mice, we found that silencing of the posterior insula during footshock reduced acute fear behavior and impaired 1-day threat memory. Insular cortex neurons respond to footshocks, acquire responses to tones during threat learning, and project to distinct amygdala divisions to drive acute fear versus threat memory formation. Thus, the posterior insula conveys aversive footshock information to the amygdala and is crucial for learning about potential dangers in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Berret
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kintscher
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shriya Palchaudhuri
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denys Osypenko
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olexiy Kochubey
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schneggenburger
- Laboratory of Synaptic Mechanisms, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Minusa S, Osanai H, Tateno T. Micromagnetic Stimulation of the Mouse Auditory Cortex In Vivo Using an Implantable Solenoid System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:1301-1310. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2748136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Flavoprotein fluorescence imaging-based electrode implantation for subfield-targeted chronic recording in the mouse auditory cortex. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 293:77-85. [PMID: 28851513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic neural recording in freely moving animals is important for understanding neural activities of cortical neurons associated with various behavioral contexts. In small animals such as mice, it has been difficult to implant recording electrodes into exact locations according to stereotactic coordinates, skull geometry, or the shape of blood vessels. The main reason for this difficulty is large individual differences in the exact location of the targeted brain area. NEW METHODS We propose a new electrode implantation procedure that is combined with transcranial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the auditory cortex (AC) of mice. RESULTS Prior to electrode implantation, we executed transcranial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging in anesthetized mice and identified the exact location of AC subfields through the skull in each animal. Next, we surgically implanted a microdrive with a tungsten electrode into exactly the identified location. Finally, we recorded neural activity in freely moving conditions and evaluated the success rate of recording auditory responses. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) These procedures dramatically improved the success rate of recording auditory responses from 21.1% without imaging to 100.0% with imaging. We also identified large individual differences in positional relationships between sound-driven response areas and the squamosal suture or blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS Combining chronic electrophysiology with transcranial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging before implantation enables the realization of reliable subfield-targeted neural recording from freely moving small animals.
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19
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Song C, Barnes S, Knöpfel T. Mammalian cortical voltage imaging using genetically encoded voltage indicators: a review honoring professor Amiram Grinvald. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:031214. [PMID: 28491906 PMCID: PMC5416838 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.3.031214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering work of Amiram Grinvald established voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) in the mammalian cortex in the 1980s and inspired decades of cortical voltage imaging and the associated technological developments. The recent conception and development of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) overcome many of the limitations of classical VSDI, and open experimental approaches that provide accruing support for orchestrated neuronal circuit dynamics of spatially distributed neuronal circuit underlying behaviors. We will review recent achievements using GEVIs to optically monitor the cortical activity in mammalian brains in vivo and provide a perspective for potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Song
- Imperial College London, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Barnes
- Imperial College London, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Imperial College London, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Tsukano H, Horie M, Ohga S, Takahashi K, Kubota Y, Hishida R, Takebayashi H, Shibuki K. Reconsidering Tonotopic Maps in the Auditory Cortex and Lemniscal Auditory Thalamus in Mice. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:14. [PMID: 28293178 PMCID: PMC5330090 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory thalamus and auditory cortex (AC) are pivotal structures in the central auditory system. However, the thalamocortical mechanisms of processing sounds are largely unknown. Investigation of this process benefits greatly from the use of mice because the mouse is a powerful animal model in which various experimental techniques, especially genetic tools, can be applied. However, the use of mice has been limited in auditory research, and thus even basic anatomical knowledge of the mouse central auditory system has not been sufficiently collected. Recently, optical imaging combined with morphological analyses has enabled the elucidation of detailed anatomical properties of the mouse auditory system. These techniques have uncovered fine AC maps with multiple frequency-organized regions, each of which receives point-to-point thalamocortical projections from different origins inside the lemniscal auditory thalamus, the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGv). This precise anatomy now provides a platform for physiological research. In this mini review article, we summarize these recent achievements that will facilitate physiological investigations in the mouse auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tsukano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Masao Horie
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinpei Ohga
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Takahashi
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Yamato Kubota
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hishida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsuei Shibuki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
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21
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Yanagawa Y, Osanai H, Tateno T. Transcranial flavoprotein-autofluorescence imaging of sound-evoked responses in the mouse auditory cortex under three types of anesthesia. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:189-195. [PMID: 27641319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Baba H, Tsukano H, Hishida R, Takahashi K, Horii A, Takahashi S, Shibuki K. Auditory cortical field coding long-lasting tonal offsets in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34421. [PMID: 27687766 PMCID: PMC5043382 DOI: 10.1038/srep34421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although temporal information processing is important in auditory perception, the mechanisms for coding tonal offsets are unknown. We investigated cortical responses elicited at the offset of tonal stimuli using flavoprotein fluorescence imaging in mice. Off-responses were clearly observed at the offset of tonal stimuli lasting for 7 s, but not after stimuli lasting for 1 s. Off-responses to the short stimuli appeared in a similar cortical region, when conditioning tonal stimuli lasting for 5–20 s preceded the stimuli. MK-801, an inhibitor of NMDA receptors, suppressed the two types of off-responses, suggesting that disinhibition produced by NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic depression might be involved in the off-responses. The peak off-responses were localized in a small region adjacent to the primary auditory cortex, and no frequency-dependent shift of the response peaks was found. Frequency matching of preceding tonal stimuli with short test stimuli was not required for inducing off-responses to short stimuli. Two-photon calcium imaging demonstrated significantly larger neuronal off-responses to stimuli lasting for 7 s in this field, compared with off-responses to stimuli lasting for 1 s. The present results indicate the presence of an auditory cortical field responding to long-lasting tonal offsets, possibly for temporal information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Baba
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsukano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hishida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Arata Horii
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Sugata Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuei Shibuki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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23
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Identification of the somatosensory parietal ventral area and overlap of the somatosensory and auditory cortices in mice. Neurosci Res 2015; 99:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Tsukano H, Horie M, Bo T, Uchimura A, Hishida R, Kudoh M, Takahashi K, Takebayashi H, Shibuki K. Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the mouse primary auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2900-20. [PMID: 25695649 PMCID: PMC4416634 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00932.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary auditory cortex (AI) is the representative recipient of information from the ears in the mammalian cortex. However, the delineation of the AI is still controversial in a mouse. Recently, it was reported, using optical imaging, that two distinct areas of the AI, located ventrally and dorsally, are activated by high-frequency tones, whereas only one area is activated by low-frequency tones. Here, we show that the dorsal high-frequency area is an independent region that is separated from the rest of the AI. We could visualize the two distinct high-frequency areas using flavoprotein fluorescence imaging, as reported previously. SMI-32 immunolabeling revealed that the dorsal region had a different cytoarchitectural pattern from the rest of the AI. Specifically, the ratio of SMI-32-positive pyramidal neurons to nonpyramidal neurons was larger in the dorsal high-frequency area than the rest of the AI. We named this new region the dorsomedial field (DM). Retrograde tracing showed that neurons projecting to the DM were localized in the rostral part of the ventral division of the medial geniculate body with a distinct frequency organization, where few neurons projected to the AI. Furthermore, the responses of the DM to ultrasonic courtship songs presented by males were significantly greater in females than in males; in contrast, there was no sex difference in response to artificial pure tones. Our findings offer a basic outline on the processing of ultrasonic vocal information on the basis of the precisely subdivided, multiple frequency-organized auditory cortex map in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tsukano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan;
| | - Masao Horie
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arikuni Uchimura
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hishida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kudoh
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kuniyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsuei Shibuki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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25
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Gogolla N, Takesian AE, Feng G, Fagiolini M, Hensch TK. Sensory integration in mouse insular cortex reflects GABA circuit maturation. Neuron 2014; 83:894-905. [PMID: 25088363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Insular cortex (IC) contributes to a variety of complex brain functions, such as communication, social behavior, and self-awareness through the integration of sensory, emotional, and cognitive content. How the IC acquires its integrative properties remains unexplored. We compared the emergence of multisensory integration (MSI) in the IC of behaviorally distinct mouse strains. While adult C57BL/6 mice exhibited robust MSI, this capacity was impaired in the inbred BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of idiopathic autism. The deficit reflected weakened γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) circuits and compromised postnatal pruning of cross-modal input. Transient pharmacological enhancement by diazepam in BTBR mice during an early sensitive period rescued inhibition and integration in the adult IC. Moreover, impaired MSI was common across three other monogenic models (GAD65, Shank3, and Mecp2 knockout mice) displaying behavioral phenotypes and parvalbumin-circuit abnormalities. Our findings offer developmental insight into a key neural circuit relevant to neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gogolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anne E Takesian
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto ON M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Guoping Feng
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michela Fagiolini
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
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26
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Kanold PO, Nelken I, Polley DB. Local versus global scales of organization in auditory cortex. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:502-10. [PMID: 25002236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Topographic organization is a hallmark of sensory cortical organization. Topography is robust at spatial scales ranging from hundreds of microns to centimeters, but can dissolve at the level of neighboring neurons or subcellular compartments within a neuron. This dichotomous spatial organization is especially pronounced in the mouse auditory cortex, where an orderly tonotopic map can arise from heterogeneous frequency tuning between local neurons. Here, we address a debate surrounding the robustness of tonotopic organization in the auditory cortex that has persisted in some form for over 40 years. Drawing from various cortical areas, cortical layers, recording methodologies, and species, we describe how auditory cortical circuitry can simultaneously support a globally systematic, yet locally heterogeneous representation of this fundamental sound property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biology, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Israel Nelken
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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27
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Escabí MA, Read HL, Viventi J, Kim DH, Higgins NC, Storace DA, Liu ASK, Gifford AM, Burke JF, Campisi M, Kim YS, Avrin AE, Spiegel Jan VD, Huang Y, Li M, Wu J, Rogers JA, Litt B, Cohen YE. A high-density, high-channel count, multiplexed μECoG array for auditory-cortex recordings. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:1566-83. [PMID: 24920021 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00179.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the large-scale population dynamics of neural activity is limited, in part, by our inability to record simultaneously from large regions of the cortex. Here, we validated the use of a large-scale active microelectrode array that simultaneously records 196 multiplexed micro-electrocortigraphical (μECoG) signals from the cortical surface at a very high density (1,600 electrodes/cm(2)). We compared μECoG measurements in auditory cortex using a custom "active" electrode array to those recorded using a conventional "passive" μECoG array. Both of these array responses were also compared with data recorded via intrinsic optical imaging, which is a standard methodology for recording sound-evoked cortical activity. Custom active μECoG arrays generated more veridical representations of the tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex than current commercially available passive μECoG arrays. Furthermore, the cortical representation could be measured efficiently with the active arrays, requiring as little as 13.5 s of neural data acquisition. Next, we generated spectrotemporal receptive fields from the recorded neural activity on the active μECoG array and identified functional organizational principles comparable to those observed using intrinsic metabolic imaging and single-neuron recordings. This new electrode array technology has the potential for large-scale, temporally precise monitoring and mapping of the cortex, without the use of invasive penetrating electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty A Escabí
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Heather L Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Viventi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research of Institute for Basic Science, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathan C Higgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Douglas A Storace
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Andrew S K Liu
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam M Gifford
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John F Burke
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Campisi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Yun-Soung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Andrew E Avrin
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Van der Spiegel Jan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Brian Litt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yale E Cohen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Takemoto M, Hasegawa K, Nishimura M, Song WJ. The insular auditory field receives input from the lemniscal subdivision of the auditory thalamus in mice. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1373-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takemoto
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Kayoko Hasegawa
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Masataka Nishimura
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools; Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Globally Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University; Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
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29
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Nelson A, Schneider DM, Takatoh J, Sakurai K, Wang F, Mooney R. A circuit for motor cortical modulation of auditory cortical activity. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14342-53. [PMID: 24005287 PMCID: PMC3761045 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2275-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal hearing depends on the ability to distinguish self-generated sounds from other sounds, and this ability is thought to involve neural circuits that convey copies of motor command signals to various levels of the auditory system. Although such interactions at the cortical level are believed to facilitate auditory comprehension during movements and drive auditory hallucinations in pathological states, the synaptic organization and function of circuitry linking the motor and auditory cortices remain unclear. Here we describe experiments in the mouse that characterize circuitry well suited to transmit motor-related signals to the auditory cortex. Using retrograde viral tracing, we established that neurons in superficial and deep layers of the medial agranular motor cortex (M2) project directly to the auditory cortex and that the axons of some of these deep-layer cells also target brainstem motor regions. Using in vitro whole-cell physiology, optogenetics, and pharmacology, we determined that M2 axons make excitatory synapses in the auditory cortex but exert a primarily suppressive effect on auditory cortical neuron activity mediated in part by feedforward inhibition involving parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Using in vivo intracellular physiology, optogenetics, and sound playback, we also found that directly activating M2 axon terminals in the auditory cortex suppresses spontaneous and stimulus-evoked synaptic activity in auditory cortical neurons and that this effect depends on the relative timing of motor cortical activity and auditory stimulation. These experiments delineate the structural and functional properties of a corticocortical circuit that could enable movement-related suppression of auditory cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Nelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - David M. Schneider
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jun Takatoh
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Katsuyasu Sakurai
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Richard Mooney
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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30
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Horie M, Tsukano H, Hishida R, Takebayashi H, Shibuki K. Dual compartments of the ventral division of the medial geniculate body projecting to the core region of the auditory cortex in C57BL/6 mice. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:207-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Robustness of cortical topography across fields, laminae, anesthetic states, and neurophysiological signal types. J Neurosci 2012; 32:9159-72. [PMID: 22764225 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0065-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topographically organized maps of the sensory receptor epithelia are regarded as cornerstones of cortical organization as well as valuable readouts of diverse biological processes ranging from evolution to neural plasticity. However, maps are most often derived from multiunit activity recorded in the thalamic input layers of anesthetized animals using near-threshold stimuli. Less distinct topography has been described by studies that deviated from the formula above, which brings into question the generality of the principle. Here, we explicitly compared the strength of tonotopic organization at various depths within core and belt regions of the auditory cortex using electrophysiological measurements ranging from single units to delta-band local field potentials (LFP) in the awake and anesthetized mouse. Unit recordings in the middle cortical layers revealed a precise tonotopic organization in core, but not belt, regions of auditory cortex that was similarly robust in awake and anesthetized conditions. In core fields, tonotopy was degraded outside the middle layers or when LFP signals were substituted for unit activity, due to an increasing proportion of recording sites with irregular tuning for pure tones. However, restricting our analysis to clearly defined receptive fields revealed an equivalent tonotopic organization in all layers of the cortical column and for LFP activity ranging from gamma to theta bands. Thus, core fields represent a transition between topographically organized simple receptive field arrangements that extend throughout all layers of the cortical column and the emergence of nontonotopic representations outside the input layers that are further elaborated in the belt fields.
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