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Manandhar A, Pichaco J, McAdam SAM. Abscisic acid increase correlates with the soil water threshold of transpiration decline during drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39139139 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
By regulating carbon uptake and water loss by plants, stomata are not only responsible for productivity but also survival during drought. The timing of the onset of stomatal closure is crucial for preventing excessive water loss during drought, but is poorly explained by plant hydraulics alone and what triggers stomatal closure remains disputed. We investigated whether the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was this trigger in a highly embolism-resistant tree species Umbellularia californica. We tracked leaf ABA levels, determined the leaf water potential and gravimetric soil water content (gSWC) thresholds for stomatal closure and transpiration decline during a progressive drought. We found that U. californica plants have a peaking-type ABA dynamic, where ABA levels rise early in drought and then decline under prolonged drought conditions. The early increase in ABA levels correlated with the closing of stomata and reduced transpiration. Furthermore, we found that transpiration declined before any large decreases in predawn plant water status and could best be explained by transient drops in midday water potentials triggering increased ABA levels. Our results indicate that ABA-mediated stomatal regulation may be an integral mechanism for reducing transpiration during drought before major drops in bulk soil and plant water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Manandhar
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Javier Pichaco
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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2
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Haynes RS, Lucieer A, Brodribb TJ, Tonet V, Cimoli E. Predicting key water stress indicators of Eucalyptus viminalis and Callitris rhomboidea using high-resolution visible to short-wave infrared spectroscopy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39119823 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main factors contributing to tree mortality worldwide and drought events are set to become more frequent and intense in the face of a changing climate. Quantifying water stress of forests is crucial in predicting and understanding their vulnerability to drought-induced mortality. Here, we explore the use of high-resolution spectroscopy in predicting water stress indicators of two native Australian tree species, Callitris rhomboidea and Eucalyptus viminalis. Specific spectral features and indices derived from leaf-level spectroscopy were assessed as potential proxies to predict leaf water potential (Ψleaf), equivalent water thickness (EWT) and fuel moisture content (FMC) in a dedicated laboratory experiment. New spectral indices were identified that enabled very high confidence linear prediction of Ψleaf for both species (R2 > 0.85) with predictive capacity increasing when accounting for a breakpoint in the relationships using segmented regression (E. viminalis, R2 > 0.89; C. rhomboidea, R2 > 0.87). EWT and FMC were also linearly predicted to a high accuracy (E. viminalis, R2 > 0.90; C. rhomboidea, R2 > 0.80). This study highlights the potential of spectroscopy as a tool for predicting measures of plant water noninvasively, enabling broader applications for monitoring and managing plant water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Haynes
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Arko Lucieer
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tonet
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emiliano Cimoli
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
- Insitute of Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
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3
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Li S, Li S, Agathokleous E, Hao G, Wang S, Feng Z. Leaf water relations determine the trade-off between ozone resistance and stomatal functionality in urban tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3166-3180. [PMID: 38693830 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Urban trees possess different capacities to mitigate ozone (O3) pollution through stomatal uptake. Stomatal closure protects trees from oxidative damage but limits their growth. To date, it is unclear how plant hydraulic function affect stomatal behaviour and determine O3 resistance. We assessed gas exchange and hydraulic traits in three subtropical urban tree species, Celtis sinensis, Quercus acutissima, and Q. nuttallii, under nonfiltered ambient air (NF) and elevated O3 (NF60). NF60 decreased photosynthetic rate (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) only in Q. acutissima and Q. nuttallii. Maintained An in C. sinensis suggested high O3 resistance and was attributed to higher leaf capacitance at the full turgor. However, this species exhibited a reduced stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit and an increased minimal gs under NF60. Such stomatal dysfunction did not decrease intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) due to a tight coupling of An and gs. Conversely, Q. acutissima and Q. nuttallii showed maintained stomatal sensitivity and increased WUE, primarily correlated with gs and leaf water relations, including relative water content and osmotic potential at turgor loss point. Our findings highlight a trade-off between O3 resistance and stomatal functionality, with efficient stomatal control reducing the risk of hydraulic failure under combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyou Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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4
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Descourvières E, Petruzzellis F, Falace A, Nardini A, Tomasella M. Water relations and photosystem II efficiency of the intertidal macroalga Fucus virsoides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109000. [PMID: 39106766 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Intertidal macroalgae are sessile poikilohydric organisms exposed to desiccation stress during emersion. Water relations parameters are useful tools to evaluate an organism's capacity to withstand water scarcity conditions, but such information on marine intertidal macroalgae is scarce. We assessed the water relations of the intertidal relict Fucus virsoides, the unique Fucus species endemic to the Mediterranean. We combined measurements of water potential (Ψ) parameters derived from pressure-volume curves and chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in juvenile and adult thalli sampled in three different dates between March and April 2023. F. virsoides exhibited remarkable water stress tolerance, as evidenced by the low water potential at turgor loss point (Ψtlp, -7.0 MPa on average), and the maintenance of high Fv/Fm at low water potentials indicating a prolonged maintenance of healthy physiological status. While no differences were observed between growth stages, Ψtlp, capacitance (C) and the bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) varied significantly according to the sampling dates, whereas the osmotic potential at full turgor did not significantly change. Ψ measured on thalli collected after a typical prolonged emersion period was markedly lower (-12.3 MPa on average) than the estimated Ψtlp, suggesting that the population is frequently undergoing turgor loss. Further investigations are required to determine environmental tolerance ranges based on water status characteristics to enhance our understanding of F. virsoides responses and vulnerability to climate change, thus providing insight into the possible causes of its widespread decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Descourvières
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Petruzzellis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Tomasella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Moreno M, Limousin JM, Simioni G, Badel E, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Cochard H, Torres-Ruiz JM, Dupuy JL, Ruffault J, Ormeno E, Delzon S, Fernandez C, Ourcival JM, Martin-StPaul N. Hydraulic plasticity and water use regulation act to maintain the hydraulic safety margins of Mediterranean trees in rainfall exclusion experiments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39077899 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Hydraulic failure due to xylem embolism has been identified as one of the main mechanisms involved in drought-induced forest decline. Trees vulnerability to hydraulic failure depends on their hydraulic safety margin (HSM). While it has been shown that HSM globally converges between tree species and biomes, there is still limited knowledge regarding how HSM can adjust locally to varying drought conditions within species. In this study, we relied on three long-term partial rainfall exclusion experiments to investigate the plasticity of hydraulic traits and HSM for three Mediterranean tree species (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., and Pinus halepensis Mill.). For all species, a homeostasis of HSM in response to rainfall reduction was found, achieved through different mechanisms. For Q. ilex, the convergence in HSM is attributed to the adjustment of both the turgor loss point (Ψtlp) and the water potential at which 50% of xylem conductivity is lost due to embolism (P50). In contrast, the maintenance of HSM for P. halepensis and Q. pubescens is related to its isohydric behavior for the first and leaf area adjustment for the latter. It remains to be seen whether this HSM homeostasis can be generalized and if it will be sufficient to withstand extreme droughts expected in the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Moreno
- INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France
- French Environment and Energy Management Agency, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Eric Badel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jesus Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Research Group Functioning of Forest Systems in a Changing Environment, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Elena Ormeno
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | - Catherine Fernandez
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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6
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Tan U, Gören HK. Comprehensive evaluation of drought stress on medicinal plants: a meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17801. [PMID: 39056052 PMCID: PMC11271654 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress significantly affects plants by altering their physiological and biochemical processes, which can severely limit their growth and development. Similarly, drought has severe negative effects on medicinal plants, which are essential for healthcare. The effects are particularly significant in areas that rely mostly on traditional medicine, which might potentially jeopardize both global health and local economies. Understanding effects of droughts on medicinal plants is essential for developing strategies to enhance plant adaptability to drought stress, which is vital for sustaining agricultural productivity under changing climatic conditions. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted on 27 studies examining various parameters such as plant yield, chlorophyll content, relative water content, essential oil content, essential oil yield, non-enzymatic antioxidants, enzymatic antioxidants, phenols, flavonoids, and proline content. The analysis explored the effects of drought across different stress conditions (control, moderate, and severe) to gain deeper insights into the drought's impact. The categorization of these stress conditions was based on field or soil capacity: control (100-80%), moderate (80-50%), and severe (below 50%). This classification was guided by the authors' descriptions in their studies. According to meta-analysis results, enzymatic antioxidants emerge as the most responsive parameters to stress. Other parameters such as relative water content (RWC) and yield also exhibit considerable negative mean effect sizes under all three stress conditions. Therefore, when evaluating the impacts of drought stress on medicinal plants, it is beneficial to include these three parameters (enzymatic antioxidants, RWC, and yield) in an evaluation of drought stress. The chlorophyll content has been determined not to be a reliable indicator for measuring impact of drought stress. Also, measuring antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenols could be a better option than using radical scavenging methods like DPPH (2, 2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Tan
- Field Crops, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye
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7
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Zhang X, Qin H, Kan Z, Liu D, Wang B, Fan S, Jiang P. Growth and non-structural carbohydrates response patterns of Eucommia ulmoides under salt and drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1436152. [PMID: 39091320 PMCID: PMC11291362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1436152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Salinity and droughts are severe abiotic stress factors that limit plant growth and development. However, the differences and similarities of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) responses patterns of trees under the two stress conditions remain unclear. Methods We determined and compared the growth, physiology, and NSCs response patterns and tested the relationships between growth and NSCs concentrations (or pool size) of Eucommia ulmoides seedlings planted in field under drought and salt stress with different intensities and durations. Results and discussion We found that drought and salt stress can inhibit the growth of E. ulmoides, and E. ulmoides tended to enhance its stress resistance by increasing proline concentration and leaf thickness or density but decreasing investment in belowground biomass in short-term stress. During short-term drought and salt stress, the aboveground organs showed different NSCs response characteristics, while belowground organs showed similar change characteristics: the starch (ST) and NSCs concentrations in the coarse roots decreased, while the ST and soluble sugar (SS) concentrations in the fine roots increased to enhance stress resistance and maintain water absorption function. As salt and drought stress prolonged, the belowground organs represented different NSCs response patterns: the concentrations of ST and SS in fine roots decreased as salt stress prolonged; while ST in fine roots could still be converted into SS to maintain water absorption as drought prolonged, resulting in an increase of SS and a decrease of ST. Significant positive relationships were found between growth and the SS and total NSCs concentrations in leaves and branches, however, no significant correlations were found between growth and below-ground organs. Moreover, relationships between growth and NSCs pool size across organs could be contrast. Conclusion Our results provide important insights into the mechanisms of carbon balance and carbon starvation and the relationship between tree growth and carbon storage under stress, which were of great significance in guiding for the management of artificial forest ecosystem under the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Zhenchao Kan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Ji’nan, China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- Dalin Eucommia planting company of Gaomi County, Weifang, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
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Robbins Z, Chambers J, Chitra-Tarak R, Christoffersen B, Dickman LT, Fisher R, Jonko A, Knox R, Koven C, Kueppers L, McDowell N, Xu C. Future climate doubles the risk of hydraulic failure in a wet tropical forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39030765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Future climate presents conflicting implications for forest biomass. We evaluate how plant hydraulic traits, elevated CO2 levels, warming, and changes in precipitation affect forest primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and the risk of hydraulic failure. We used a dynamic vegetation model with plant hydrodynamics (FATES-HYDRO) to simulate the stand-level responses to future climate changes in a wet tropical forest in Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We calibrated the model by selecting plant trait assemblages that performed well against observations. These assemblages were run with temperature and precipitation changes for two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (2086-2100: SSP2-45, SSP5-85) and two CO2 levels (contemporary, anticipated). The risk of hydraulic failure is projected to increase from a contemporary rate of 5.7% to 10.1-11.3% under future climate scenarios, and, crucially, elevated CO2 provided only slight amelioration. By contrast, elevated CO2 mitigated GPP reductions. We attribute a greater variation in hydraulic failure risk to trait assemblages than to either CO2 or climate. Our results project forests with both faster growth (through productivity increases) and higher mortality rates (through increasing rates of hydraulic failure) in the neo-tropics accompanied by certain trait plant assemblages becoming nonviable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Robbins
- Earth & Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chambers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rutuja Chitra-Tarak
- Earth & Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Bradley Christoffersen
- Department of Biology and School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - L Turin Dickman
- Earth & Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Rosie Fisher
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Postboks 1129 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alex Jonko
- Earth & Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Ryan Knox
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Charles Koven
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lara Kueppers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nate McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chonggang Xu
- Earth & Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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9
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Sinclair G, Galarneau ER, Hnizdor JF, McElrone AJ, Walker MA, Bartlett MK. Grape cultivars adapted to hotter, drier growing regions exhibit greater photosynthesis in hot conditions despite less drought-resistant leaves. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:205-218. [PMID: 38477369 PMCID: PMC11232511 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many agricultural areas are expected to face hotter, drier conditions from climate change. Understanding the mechanisms that crops use to mitigate these stresses can guide breeding for more tolerant plant material. We tested relationships between traits, physiological function in hot conditions and historical climate associations to evaluate these mechanisms for winegrapes. We expected a more negative leaf osmotic potential at full hydration (πo), which reduces leaf turgor loss during drought, and either a metabolically cheaper or more osmoprotectant leaf chemical composition, to allow cultivars associated with hot, dry regions to maintain greater gas exchange in hot growing conditions. METHODS We measured πo, gas exchange and leaf chemistry for seven commercially important winegrape cultivars that vary widely in historical climate associations. Vines were grown in common-garden field conditions in a hot wine-growing region (Davis, CA, USA) and measured over the hottest period of the growing season (July-September). KEY RESULTS The value of πo varied significantly between cultivars, and all cultivars significantly reduced πo (osmotically adjusted) over the study period, although osmotic adjustment did not vary across cultivars. The value of πo was correlated with gas exchange and climate associations, but in the direction opposite to expected. Photosynthesis and πo were higher in the cultivars associated with hotter, less humid regions. Leaf chemical composition varied between cultivars but was not related to climate associations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that maintenance of leaf turgor is not a primary limitation on grapevine adaptation to hot or atmospherically dry growing conditions. Thus, selecting for a more negative πo or greater osmotic adjustment is not a promising strategy to develop more climate-resilient grape varieties, contrary to findings for other crops. Future work is needed to identify the mechanisms increasing photosynthesis in the cultivars associated with hot, dry regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sinclair
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erin R Galarneau
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU), Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Josh F Hnizdor
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael Andrew Walker
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Megan K Bartlett
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Heckman RW, Pereira CG, Aspinwall MJ, Juenger TE. Physiological Responses of C 4 Perennial Bioenergy Grasses to Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Constraints. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:737-769. [PMID: 38424068 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-093952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are an economically and ecologically important group whose responses to climate change will be important to the future bioeconomy. These grasses are highly productive and frequently possess large geographic ranges and broad environmental tolerances, which may contribute to the evolution of ecotypes that differ in physiological acclimation capacity and the evolution of distinct functional strategies. C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are predicted to thrive under climate change-C4 photosynthesis likely evolved to enhance photosynthetic efficiency under stressful conditions of low [CO2], high temperature, and drought-although few studies have examined how these species will respond to combined stresses or to extremes of temperature and precipitation. Important targets for C4 perennial bioenergy production in a changing world, such as sustainability and resilience, can benefit from combining knowledge of C4 physiology with recent advances in crop improvement, especially genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Heckman
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Cedar City, Utah, USA;
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
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11
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Kunert N, Münchinger IK, Hajek P. Turgor loss point explains climate-driven growth reductions in trees in Central Europe. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38940818 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As climate change thrives, and the frequency of intense droughts is affecting many forested regions, a mechanistic understanding of the factors conferring drought tolerance in trees is increasingly important. However, studies linking the observed growth reduction to mechanistic traits are still rare. We compared the median growth anomalies of 16 native tree species, gathered across a network of study plots in Bavaria, with the mean species-specific turgor loss point (πtlp) measured at five locations in Central Europe πtlp explained 37% of the growth anomalies observed in response to the intense droughts between 2018 and 2020 compared to the pre-drought period between 2006 and 2017 across sites. πtlp constitutes an important leaf drought tolerance trait and influences the growth response of native tree species during extraordinary dry periods. As climate change-induced droughts intensify, tree species with drought-tolerant leaves will be less vulnerable to growth reductions. πtlp provides a useful indicator for selecting tree species to adapt forest management systems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kunert
- Functional and Tropical Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - I K Münchinger
- Functional and Tropical Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - P Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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12
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Aun MA, Farnese F, Loram-Lourenço L, de Abreu IMPG, Silva BRA, Freitas JCE, Filho VMA, Silva FG, Franco AC, Hammond WM, Cochard H, Menezes-Silva PE. Evidence of combined flower thermal and drought vulnerabilities portends reproductive failure under hotter-drought conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1971-1986. [PMID: 38372066 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the abundant evidence of impairments to plant performance and survival under hotter-drought conditions, little is known about the vulnerability of reproductive organs to climate extremes. Here, by conducting a comparative analysis between flowers and leaves, we investigated how variations in key morphophysiological traits related to carbon and water economics can explain the differential vulnerabilities to heat and drought among these functionally diverse organs. Due to their lower construction costs, despite having a higher water storage capacity, flowers were more prone to turgor loss (higher turgor loss point; ΨTLP) than leaves, thus evidencing a trade-off between carbon investment and drought tolerance in reproductive organs. Importantly, the higher ΨTLP of flowers also resulted in narrow turgor safety margins (TSM). Moreover, compared to leaves, the cuticle of flowers had an overall higher thermal vulnerability, which also resulted in low leakage safety margins (LSM). As a result, the combination of low TSMs and LSMs may have negative impacts on reproduction success since they strongly influenced the time to turgor loss under simulated hotter-drought conditions. Overall, our results improve the knowledge of unexplored aspects of flower structure and function and highlight likely threats to successful plant reproduction in a warmer and drier world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alves Aun
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Farnese
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Lucas Loram-Lourenço
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cesar Franco
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - William M Hammond
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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West AG, Atkins K, van Blerk JJ, Skelton RP. Assessing vulnerability to embolism and hydraulic safety margins in reed-like Restionaceae. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:633-646. [PMID: 38588329 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The African Restionaceae (Poales), the dominant graminoid layer in the megadiverse Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, are distributed across a wide range of moisture availability, yet currently there is very little known about the underlying hydraulics of this group. We tested two methods for measuring culm vulnerability to embolism, the optical and pneumatic methods, in three species of Cannomois ranging in habitat from semi-riparian (Cannomois virgata) to dryland (Cannomois parviflora and C. congesta). Estimates of culm xylem vulnerability were coupled with measures of turgor loss point (ΨTLP) and minimum field water potential (ΨMD) to assess hydraulic safety margins. The optical and pneumatic methods produced similar estimates of P50, but differed for P12 and P88. All three species were quite vulnerable to embolism, with P50 of -1.9 MPa (C. virgata), -2.3 MPa (C. congesta), and -2.4 MPa (C. parviflora). Estimates of P50, ΨTLP and ΨMD aligned with habitat moisture stress, with highest values found in the semi-riparian C. virgata. Consistent differences in P50, ΨMD and ΨTLP between species resulted in consistent hydraulic safety margins across species of 0.96 ± 0.1 MPa between ΨMD and P50, with onset of embolism occurring 0.43 ± 0.04 MPa after ΨTLP for all three species. Our study demonstrates that restio occupancy of dry environments involves more than the evolution of highly resistant xylem, suggesting that other aspects of water relations are key to understanding trait-environment relationships in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G West
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - K Atkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - J J van Blerk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - R P Skelton
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Newlands, South Africa
- Department of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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14
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Waite PA, Kumar M, Link RM, Schuldt B. Coordinated hydraulic traits influence the two phases of time to hydraulic failure in five temperate tree species differing in stomatal stringency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae038. [PMID: 38606678 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, forests are increasingly exposed to extreme droughts causing tree mortality. Because of the complex nature of the mechanisms involved, various traits have been linked to tree drought responses with contrasting results. This may be due to species-specific strategies in regulating water potential, a process that unfolds in two distinct phases: a first phase until stomatal closure, and a second phase until reaching lethal xylem hydraulic thresholds. We conducted dry-down experiments with five broadleaved temperate tree species differing in their degree of isohydry to estimate the time to stomatal closure (tsc) and subsequent time to critical hydraulic failure (tcrit). We measured various traits linked to tree drought responses, such as the water potentials at turgor loss point (Ptlp), stomatal closure (Pgs90), and 12%, 50% and 88% loss of xylem hydraulic conductance (P12, P50, P88), hydraulic capacitance (C), minimum leaf conductance (gmin), hydroscape area (HSA) and hydraulic safety margins (HSM). We found that Pgs90 followed previously recorded patterns of isohydry and was associated with HSA. Species ranked from more to less isohydric in the sequence Acer pseudoplatanus < Betula pendula < Tilia cordata < Sorbus aucuparia < Fagus sylvatica. Their degree of isohydry was associated with leaf safety (Ptlp and gmin), drought avoidance (C) and tsc, but decoupled from xylem safety (HSM and P88) and tcrit. Regardless of their stomatal stringency, species with wider HSM and lower P88 reached critical hydraulic failure later. We conclude that the duration of the first phase is determined by stomatal regulation, while the duration of the second phase is associated with xylem safety. Isohydry is thus linked to water use rather than to drought survival strategies, confirming the proposed use of HSA as a complement to HSM for describing plant drought responses before and after stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Waite
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Manish Kumar
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Roman M Link
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
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15
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Castillo-Argaez R, Sapes G, Mallen N, Lippert A, John GP, Zare A, Hammond WM. Spectral ecophysiology: hyperspectral pressure-volume curves to estimate leaf turgor loss. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:935-946. [PMID: 38482720 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Turgor loss point (TLP) is an important proxy for plant drought tolerance, species habitat suitability, and drought-induced plant mortality risk. Thus, TLP serves as a critical tool for evaluating climate change impacts on plants, making it imperative to develop high-throughput and in situ methods to measure TLP. We developed hyperspectral pressure-volume curves (PV curves) to estimate TLP using leaf spectral reflectance. We used partial least square regression models to estimate water potential (Ψ) and relative water content (RWC) for two species, Frangula caroliniana and Magnolia grandiflora. RWC and Ψ's model for each species had R2 ≥ 0.7 and %RMSE = 7-10. We constructed PV curves with model estimates and compared the accuracy of directly measured and spectra-predicted TLP. Our findings indicate that leaf spectral measurements are an alternative method for estimating TLP. F. caroliniana TLP's values were -1.62 ± 0.15 (means ± SD) and -1.62 ± 0.34 MPa for observed and reflectance predicted, respectively (P > 0.05), while M. grandiflora were -1.78 ± 0.34 and -1.66 ± 0.41 MPa (P > 0.05). The estimation of TLP through leaf reflectance-based PV curves opens a broad range of possibilities for future research aimed at understanding and monitoring plant water relations on a large scale with spectral ecophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Sapes
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicole Mallen
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alston Lippert
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Grace P John
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alina Zare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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16
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Sáez PL, Vallejos V, Sancho-Knapik D, Cavieres LA, Ramírez CF, Bravo LA, Javier Peguero-Pina J, Gil-Pelegrín E, Galmés J. Leaf hydraulic properties of Antarctic plants: effects of growth temperature and its coordination with photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2013-2026. [PMID: 38173309 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
One of the well-documented effects of regional warming in Antarctica is the impact on flora. Warmer conditions modify several leaf anatomical traits of Antarctic vascular plants, increasing photosynthesis and growth. Given that CO2 and water vapor partially share their diffusion pathways through the leaf, changes in leaf anatomy could also affect the hydraulic traits of Antarctic plants. We evaluated the effects of growth temperature on several anatomical and hydraulic parameters of Antarctic plants and assessed the trait co-variation between these parameters and photosynthetic performance. Warmer conditions promoted an increase in leaf and whole plant hydraulic conductivity, correlating with adjustments in carbon assimilation. These adjustments were consistent with changes in leaf vasculature, where Antarctic species displayed different strategies. At higher temperature, Colobanthus quitensis decreased the number of leaf xylem vessels, but increased their diameter. In contrast, in Deschampsia antarctica the diameter did not change, but the number of vessels increased. Despite this contrasting behavior, some traits such as a small leaf diameter of vessels and a high cell wall rigidity were maintained in both species, suggesting a water-conservation response associated with the ability of Antarctic plants to cope with harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Sáez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Vallejos
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, y Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Concepción, Chile
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Constanza F Ramírez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, y Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, INAGEA-Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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17
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Grossman JJ, Coe HB, Fey O, Fraser N, Salaam M, Semper C, Williamson CG. Temperate woody species across the angiosperm phylogeny acquire tolerance to water deficit stress during the growing season. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38511237 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the capacity of temperate trees to acclimate to limited soil water has become essential in the face of increasing drought risk due to climate change. We documented seasonal - or phenological - patterns in acclimation to water deficit stress in stems and leaves of tree species spanning the angiosperm phylogeny. Over 3 yr of field observations carried out in two US arboreta, we measured stem vulnerability to embolism (36 individuals of 7 Species) and turgor loss point (119 individuals of 27 species) over the growing season. We also conducted a growth chamber experiment on 20 individuals of one species to assess the mechanistic relationship between soil water restriction and acclimation. In three-quarters of species measured, plants became less vulnerable to embolism and/or loss of turgor over the growing season. We were able to stimulate this acclimatory effect by withholding water in the growth chamber experiment. Temperate angiosperms are capable of acclimation to soil water deficit stress, showing maximum vulnerability to soil water deficits following budbreak and becoming more resilient to damage over the course of the growing season or in response to simulated drought. The species-specific tempo and extent of this acclimatory potential constitutes preadaptive climate change resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Grossman
- Biology Department & Environmental Studies Department, St. Olaf College, 1520 St Olaf Ave, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Henry B Coe
- Environmental Permitting and Planning Group, Hazen and Sawyer 498 Seventh Ave #11, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Olivia Fey
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Natalie Fraser
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Musa Salaam
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Chelsea Semper
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ceci G Williamson
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
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18
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Krieg CP, Smith DD, Adams MA, Berger J, Layegh Nikravesh N, von Wettberg EJ. Greater ecophysiological stress tolerance in the core environment than in extreme environments of wild chickpea (Cicer reticulatum). Sci Rep 2024; 14:5744. [PMID: 38459248 PMCID: PMC10923935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Global climate change and land use change underlie a need to develop new crop breeding strategies, and crop wild relatives (CWR) have become an important potential source of new genetic material to improve breeding efforts. Many recent approaches assume adaptive trait variation increases towards the relative environmental extremes of a species range, potentially missing valuable trait variation in more moderate or typical climates. Here, we leveraged distinct genotypes of wild chickpea (Cicer reticulatum) that differ in their relative climates from moderate to more extreme and perform targeted assessments of drought and heat tolerance. We found significance variation in ecophysiological function and stress tolerance between genotypes but contrary to expectations and current paradigms, it was individuals from more moderate climates that exhibited greater capacity for stress tolerance than individuals from warmer and drier climates. These results indicate that wild germplasm collection efforts to identify adaptive variation should include the full range of environmental conditions and habitats instead of only environmental extremes, and that doing so may significantly enhance the success of breeding programs broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark A Adams
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Jens Berger
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Eric J von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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19
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Zhang D, Tian C, Mai W. Exogenous Sodium and Calcium Alleviate Drought Stress by Promoting the Succulence of Suaeda salsa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:721. [PMID: 38475566 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Succulence is a key trait involved in the response of Suaeda salsa to salt stress. However, few studies have investigated the effects of the interaction between salt and drought stress on S. salsa growth and succulence. In this study, the morphology and physiology of S. salsa were examined under different salt ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-) and simulated drought conditions using different polyethylene glycol concentrations (PEG; 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The results demonstrate that Na+ and Ca2+ significantly increased leaf succulence by increasing leaf water content and enlarging epidermal cell size compared to Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-. Under drought (PEG) stress, with an increase in drought stress, the biomass, degree of leaf succulence, and water content of S. salsa decreased significantly in the non-salt treatment. However, with salt treatment, the results indicated that Na+ and Ca2+ could reduce water stress due to drought by stimulating the succulence of S. salsa. In addition, Na+ and Ca2+ promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), which could reduce oxidative stress. In conclusion, Na+ and Ca2+ are the main factors promoting succulence and can effectively alleviate drought stress in S. salsa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenxuan Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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20
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Beckett HAA, Bryant C, Neeman T, Mencuccini M, Ball MC. Plasticity in branch water relations and stem hydraulic vulnerability enhances hydraulic safety in mangroves growing along a salinity gradient. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:854-870. [PMID: 37975319 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Coping with water stress depends on maintaining cellular function and hydraulic conductance. Yet measurements of vulnerability to drought and salinity do not often focus on capacitance in branch organs that buffer hydraulic function during water stress. The relationships between branch water relations, stem hydraulic vulnerability and stem anatomy were investigated in two co-occurring mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora stylosa growing at low and high salinity. The dynamics of branch water release acted to conserve water content in the stem at the expense of the foliage during extended drying. Hydraulic redistribution from the foliage to the stem increased stem relative water content by up to 21%. The water potentials at which 12% and 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity occurred decreased by ~1.7 MPa in both species between low and high salinity sites. These coordinated tissue adjustments increased hydraulic safety despite declining turgor safety margins at higher salinity sites. Our results highlight the complex interplay of plasticity in organ-level water relations with hydraulic vulnerability in the maintenance of stem hydraulic function in mangroves distributed along salinity gradients. These results emphasise the importance of combining water relations and hydraulic vulnerability parameters to understand vulnerability to water stress across the whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A A Beckett
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Callum Bryant
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Biological Data Science Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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21
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Sheng W, Liu L, Wu Y, Yin M, Yu Q, Guo X, Song H, Guo W. Exploring salt tolerance and indicator traits across four temperate lineages of the common wetland plant, Phragmites australis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169100. [PMID: 38086483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a widely utilized plant for wetland restoration and construction, facing challenges posed by high salinity as a stressor. Among the diverse P. australis lineages, functional traits variation provides a valuable genetic resource for identifying salt-tolerant individuals. However, previous investigations on P. australis salt tolerance have been restricted to regional scales, hindering the identification of key functional traits associated with salt tolerance in natural habitats. To address this gap, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to assess and compare the salt tolerance of four major temperate P. australis lineages worldwide. We utilized the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) as a health indicator, while final biomass and wilt status served as indicators of salt tolerance across lineages. Our findings revealed significant differentiation in plant functional traits among different lineages, but no significant effect of interaction between salinity and lineage on most traits. Correlation analyses between salt-tolerance indicators and functional traits in the control group indicated that biomass, leaf width, and relative leaf water content are potential predictors of salt tolerance. However, ecological strategies, physiological traits, and latitudinal origin did not exhibit significant correlations with salt tolerance. Our study provides valuable indicator traits for effectively screening salinity-tolerant genotypes of P. australis in field settings, and holds significant potential for enhancing wetland construction and biomass production in marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lele Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meiqi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Land Development Group Co., Ltd, 2688 Aotixi Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huijia Song
- National Natural History Museum of China, 126 Tianqiao South Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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22
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Zhang X, Ma S, Hu H, Li F, Bao W, Huang L. A trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety across three xerophytic species in response to increased rock fragment content. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae010. [PMID: 38245807 PMCID: PMC10918055 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the variation of plant leaf hydraulic traits in relation to soil rock fragment content (RFC), particularly for xerophytes native to rocky mountain areas. In this study, we conducted a field experiment with four gradients of RFC (0, 25, 50 and 75% ν ν-1) on three different xerophytic species (Sophora davidii, Cotinus szechuanensis and Bauhinia brachycarpa). We measured predawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf), leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), Ψleaf induced 50% loss of Kleaf (P50), pressure-volume curve traits and leaf structure. A consistent response of hydraulic traits to increased RFC was observed in three species. Kleaf showed a decrease, whereas P50 and turgor loss point (Ψtlp) became increasingly negative with increasing RFC. Thus, a clear trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety was observed in the xerophytic species. In all three species, the reduction in Kleaf was associated with an increase in leaf mass per area. In S. davidii, alterations in Kleaf and P50 were driven by leaf vein density (VLA) and Ψtlp. In C. szechuanensis, Ψtlp and VLA drove the changes in Kleaf and P50, respectively. In B. brachycarpa, changes in P50 were driven by VLA, whereas changes in both Kleaf and P50 were simultaneously influenced by Ψtlp. Our findings suggest that adaptation to increased rockiness necessarily implies a trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety in xerophytic species. Additionally, the trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety among xerophytic species is likely to result from processes occurring in the xylem and the outside-xylem hydraulic pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the survival strategies and mechanisms of xerophytes in rocky soils, and provide a theoretical basis for the persistence of xerophytic species in areas with stony substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4 South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shaowei Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4 South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4 South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanglan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4 South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weikai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4 South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Long Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4 South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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He P, Ye Q, Hua L, Zhu S, Liu H, Ning Q, Hu Q, Li Q, Qin X. Vein hierarchy mediates the 2D relationship between leaf size and drought tolerance across subtropical forest tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad141. [PMID: 38056447 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have observed a 2D relationship (i.e. decoupled correlation) between leaf size (LS) and leaf economics as well as a tight correlation between leaf economics and drought tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism maintaining the relationship between LS and drought tolerance remains largely unknown. Here, we measured LS, water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductance, hydraulic safety margin and different orders of vein traits across 28 tree species in a subtropical forest in Southern China. We found that LS and drought tolerance were in two independent dimensions (R2 = 0.00, P > 0.05). Primary and secondary vein traits (i.e. vein diameter and density) explained the variation of LS, with R2 ranging from 0.37 to 0.70 (all Ps < 0.01), while minor vein traits accounted for the variation of leaf drought tolerance, with R2 ranging from 0.30 to 0.43 (all Ps < 0.01). Our results provide insight into the 2D relationship between LS and drought tolerance and highlight the importance of vein hierarchy in plant leaf functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Shidanan Road 1, Rongjiangxin District, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Ruihe Road 18, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Shidan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiurui Ning
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinsheng Qin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
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24
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Zhang SB, Song Y, Wen HD, Chen YJ. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies are related to drought resistance across woody species in a Chinese savanna. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad149. [PMID: 38102768 PMCID: PMC10849754 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf nutrient resorption and drought resistance are crucial for the growth and survival of plants. However, our understanding of the relationships between leaf nutrient resorption and plant drought resistance is still limited. In this study, we investigated the nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies (NRE and PRE), leaf structural traits, leaf osmotic potential at full hydration (Ψosm), xylem water potential at 50% loss of xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (P50) and seasonal minimum water potential (Ψmin) for 18 shrub and tree species in a semiarid savanna ecosystem, in Southwest China. Our results showed that NRE and PRE exhibited trade-off against drought resistance traits (Ψosm and P50) across woody species. Moreover, this relationship was modulated by leaf structural investment. Species with low structural investment (e.g., leaf mass per area, leaf dry mass content and leaf construction cost [LCC]) tend to have high NRE and PRE, while those with high LCCs show high drought resistance, showing more negative Ψosm and P50.These results indicate that species with a lower leaf structural investment may have a greater need to recycle their nutrients, thus exhibiting higher nutrient resorption efficiencies, and vice versa. In conclusion, nutrient resorption efficiency may be a crucial adaptation strategy for coexisting plants in semiarid ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding the complex relationships between nutrient cycling and plant survival strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Han-Dong Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
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25
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Torres-Ruiz JM, Cochard H, Delzon S, Boivin T, Burlett R, Cailleret M, Corso D, Delmas CEL, De Caceres M, Diaz-Espejo A, Fernández-Conradi P, Guillemot J, Lamarque LJ, Limousin JM, Mantova M, Mencuccini M, Morin X, Pimont F, De Dios VR, Ruffault J, Trueba S, Martin-StPaul NK. Plant hydraulics at the heart of plant, crops and ecosystem functions in the face of climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:984-999. [PMID: 38098153 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant hydraulics is crucial for assessing the plants' capacity to extract and transport water from the soil up to their aerial organs. Along with their capacity to exchange water between plant compartments and regulate evaporation, hydraulic properties determine plant water relations, water status and susceptibility to pathogen attacks. Consequently, any variation in the hydraulic characteristics of plants is likely to significantly impact various mechanisms and processes related to plant growth, survival and production, as well as the risk of biotic attacks and forest fire behaviour. However, the integration of hydraulic traits into disciplines such as plant pathology, entomology, fire ecology or agriculture can be significantly improved. This review examines how plant hydraulics can provide new insights into our understanding of these processes, including modelling processes of vegetation dynamics, illuminating numerous perspectives for assessing the consequences of climate change on forest and agronomic systems, and addressing unanswered questions across multiple areas of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Torres-Ruiz
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | | | - Regis Burlett
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | - Déborah Corso
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Chloé E L Delmas
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, 41012, Spain
| | | | - Joannes Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 05508-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Marylou Mantova
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | - Victor Resco De Dios
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- JRU CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Trueba
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
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26
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O'Connell BP, Wiley E. Heatwaves do not limit recovery following defoliation but alter leaf drought tolerance traits. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:482-496. [PMID: 37877185 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
As heatwave frequency increases, they are more likely to coincide with other disturbances like insect defoliation. But it is unclear if high temperatures after defoliation impact canopy recovery or leaf traits which may affect response to further stressors like drought. To examine these stressor interactions, we subjected defoliated (DEF) and undefoliated (UNDEF) oak saplings to a simulated spring heatwave of +10°C for 25 days. We measured gas exchange, leaf area recovery, carbohydrate storage, turgor loss point (ΨTLP ), and minimum leaf conductance (gmin ). During the heatwave, stem respiration exhibited stronger thermal acclimation in DEF than UNDEF saplings, while stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis increased. The heatwave did not affect leaf area recovery or carbohydrate storage of DEF saplings, but reflush leaves had higher gmin than UNDEF leaves, and this was amplified by the heatwave. Across all treatments, higher gmin was associated with higher daytime stomatal conductance and a lower ΨTLP . The results suggest defoliation stress may not be exacerbated by higher temperatures. However, reflush leaves are less conservative in their water use, limiting their ability to minimise water loss. While lower ΨTLP could help DEF trees maintain gas exchange under mild drought, they may be more vulnerable to dehydration under severe drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Wiley
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, USA
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Mas E, Cochard H, Deluigi J, Didion-Gency M, Martin-StPaul N, Morcillo L, Valladares F, Vilagrosa A, Grossiord C. Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1021-1034. [PMID: 37897156 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mixing species with contrasting resource use strategies could reduce forest vulnerability to extreme events. Yet, how species diversity affects seedling hydraulic responses to heat and drought, including mortality risk, is largely unknown. Using open-top chambers, we assessed how, over several years, species interactions (monocultures vs mixtures) modulate heat and drought impacts on the hydraulic traits of juvenile European beech and pubescent oak. Using modeling, we estimated species interaction effects on timing to drought-induced mortality and the underlying mechanisms driving these impacts. We show that mixtures mitigate adverse heat and drought impacts for oak (less negative leaf water potential, higher stomatal conductance, and delayed stomatal closure) but enhance them for beech (lower water potential and stomatal conductance, narrower leaf safety margins, faster tree mortality). Potential underlying mechanisms include oak's larger canopy and higher transpiration, allowing for quicker exhaustion of soil water in mixtures. Our findings highlight that diversity has the potential to alter the effects of extreme events, which would ensure that some species persist even if others remain sensitive. Among the many processes driving diversity effects, differences in canopy size and transpiration associated with the stomatal regulation strategy seem the primary mechanisms driving mortality vulnerability in mixed seedling plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Janisse Deluigi
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Didion-Gency
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Martin-StPaul
- Unité Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR629), INRAE, DomaineSaint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Luna Morcillo
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Depto de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cisse EHM, Jiang BH, Yin LY, Miao LF, Li DD, Zhou JJ, Yang F. Physio-biochemical and metabolomic responses of the woody plant Dalbergia odorifera to salinity and waterlogging. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38216904 PMCID: PMC10787392 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trees have developed a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress. Secondary metabolites via phenolic compounds emblematized the hidden bridge among plant kingdom, human health, and oxidative stress. Although studies have demonstrated that abiotic stresses can increase the production of medicinal compounds in plants, research comparing the efficiency of these stresses still needs to be explored. Thus, the present research paper provided an exhaustive comparative metabolomic study in Dalbergia odorifera under salinity (ST) and waterlogging (WL). RESULTS High ST reduced D. odorifera's fresh biomass compared to WL. While WL only slightly affected leaf and vein size, ST had a significant negative impact. ST also caused more significant damage to water status and leaflet anatomy than WL. As a result, WL-treated seedlings exhibited better photosynthesis and an up-regulation of nonenzymatic pathways involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species. The metabolomic and physiological responses of D. odorifera under WL and salinity ST stress revealed an accumulation of secondary metabolites by the less aggressive stress (WL) to counterbalance the oxidative stress. Under WL, more metabolites were more regulated compared to ST. ST significantly altered the metabolite profile in D. odorifera leaflets, indicating its sensitivity to salinity. WL synthesized more metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid, flavone, flavonol, flavonoid, and isoflavonoid pathways than ST. Moreover, the down-regulation of L-phenylalanine correlated with increased p-coumarate, caffeate, and ferulate associated with better cell homeostasis and leaf anatomical indexes under WL. CONCLUSIONS From a pharmacological and medicinal perspective, WL improved larger phenolics with therapeutic values compared to ST. Therefore, the data showed evidence of the crucial role of medical tree species' adaptability on ROS detoxification under environmental stresses that led to a significant accumulation of secondary metabolites with therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- El- Hadji Malick Cisse
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, China
| | | | - Li-Yan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ling-Feng Miao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Da-Dong Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, China.
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29
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Huang R, Di N, Xi B, Yang J, Duan J, Li X, Feng J, Choat B, Tissue D. Herb hydraulics: Variation and correlation for traits governing drought tolerance and efficiency of water transport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168095. [PMID: 37879470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic traits dictate plant response to drought, thus enabling better understanding of community dynamics under global climate change. Despite being intensively documented in woody species, herbaceous species (graminoids and forbs) are largely understudied, hence the distribution and correlation of hydraulic traits in herbaceous species remains unclear. Here, we collected key hydraulic traits for 436 herbaceous species from published literature, including leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf), water potential inducing 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50), stomatal closure (Pclose) and turgor loss (Ptlp). Trait variation of herbs was analyzed and contrasted with angiosperm woody species within the existing global hydraulic traits database, as well as between different growth forms within herbs. Furthermore, hydraulic traits coordination was also assessed for herbaceous species. We found that herbs showed overall more negative Pclose but less negative Ptlp compared with angiosperm woody species, while P50 did not differ between functional types, regardless of the organ (leaf and stem). In addition, correlations were found between Kleaf and P50 of leaf (P50leaf), as well as between Pclose, P50leaf and Kleaf. Within herbs, graminoids generally exhibited more negative P50 and Ptlp, but lower Kleaf, relative to forbs. Within herbs, no clear pattern regarding hydraulic traits-climate relationship was found. Our analysis provided insights into herb hydraulic, and highlighted the knowledge gaps need to be filled regarding the response of herbs to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Di
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Benye Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jie Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximeng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia; Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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Waite PA, Leuschner C, Delzon S, Triadiati T, Saad A, Schuldt B. Plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic efficiency and safety is linked to evaporative demand and not soil moisture in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:2131-2149. [PMID: 37707940 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The predicted increase of drought intensity in South-East Asia has raised concern about the sustainability of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) cultivation. In order to quantify the degree of phenotypic plasticity in this important tree crop species, we analysed a set of wood and leaf traits related to the hydraulic safety and efficiency in PB260 clones from eight small-holder plantations in Jambi province, Indonesia, representing a gradient in local microclimatic and edaphic conditions. Across plots, branch embolism resistance (P50) ranged from -2.14 to -2.58 MPa. The P50 and P88 values declined, and the hydraulic safety margin increased, with an increase in the mean annual vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Among leaf traits, only the changes in specific leaf area were related to the differences in evaporative demand. These variations of hydraulic trait values were not related to soil moisture levels. We did not find a trade-off between hydraulic safety and efficiency, but vessel density (VD) emerged as a major trait associated with both safety and efficiency. The VD, and not vessel diameter, was closely related to P50 and P88 as well as to specific hydraulic conductivity, the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio and the vessel grouping index. In conclusion, our results demonstrate some degree of phenotypic plasticity in wood traits related to hydraulic safety in this tropical tree species, but this is only in response to the local changes in evaporative demand and not soil moisture. Given that VPD may increasingly limit plant growth in a warmer world, our results provide evidence of hydraulic trait changes in response to a rising evaporative demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Waite
- Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Department of Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Université Bordeaux, Bat. 2 Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, Pessac 33615, France
| | - Triadiati Triadiati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor IPB University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Asmadi Saad
- Department of Soil Science, University of Jambi, Jalan Raya Jambi Muara Bulian KM 15 Mandalo Indah, Jambi, Sumatra 36361, Indonesia
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
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Bellasio C, Stuart-Williams H, Farquhar GD, Flexas J. C 4 maize and sorghum are more sensitive to rapid dehydration than C 3 wheat and sunflower. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2239-2252. [PMID: 37814525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The high productive potential, heat resilience, and greater water use efficiency of C4 over C3 plants attract considerable interest in the face of global warming and increasing population, but C4 plants are often sensitive to dehydration, questioning the feasibility of their wider adoption. To resolve the primary effect of dehydration from slower from secondary leaf responses originating within leaves to combat stress, we conducted an innovative dehydration experiment. Four crops grown in hydroponics were forced to a rapid yet controlled decrease in leaf water potential by progressively raising roots of out of the solution while measuring leaf gas exchange. We show that, under rapid dehydration, assimilation decreased more steeply in C4 maize and sorghum than in C3 wheat and sunflower. This reduction was due to a rise of nonstomatal limitation at triple the rate in maize and sorghum than in wheat and sunflower. Rapid reductions in assimilation were previously measured in numerous C4 species across both laboratory and natural conditions. Hence, we deduce that high sensitivity to rapid dehydration might stem from the disturbance of an intrinsic aspect of C4 bicellular photosynthesis. We posit that an obstruction to metabolite transport between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells could be the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Crop Ecophysiology, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Biology of Plants Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Biology of Plants Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
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Moran ME, Aparecido LMT, Koepke DF, Cooper HF, Doughty CE, Gehring CA, Throop HL, Whitham TG, Allan GJ, Hultine KR. Limits of thermal and hydrological tolerance in a foundation tree species (Populus fremontii) in the desert southwestern United States. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2298-2311. [PMID: 37680030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Populus fremontii is among the most dominant, and ecologically important riparian tree species in the western United States and can thrive in hyper-arid riparian corridors. Yet, P. fremontii forests have rapidly declined over the last decade, particularly in places where temperatures sometimes exceed 50°C. We evaluated high temperature tolerance of leaf metabolism, leaf thermoregulation, and leaf hydraulic function in eight P. fremontii populations spanning a 5.3°C mean annual temperature gradient in a well-watered common garden, and at source locations throughout the lower Colorado River Basin. Two major results emerged. First, despite having an exceptionally high Tcrit (the temperature at which Photosystem II is disrupted) relative to other tree taxa, recent heat waves exceeded Tcrit , requiring evaporative leaf cooling to maintain leaf-to-air thermal safety margins. Second, in midsummer, genotypes from the warmest locations maintained lower midday leaf temperatures, a higher midday stomatal conductance, and maintained turgor pressure at lower water potentials than genotypes from more temperate locations. Taken together, results suggest that under well-watered conditions, P. fremontii can regulate leaf temperature below Tcrit along the warm edge of its distribution. Nevertheless, reduced Colorado River flows threaten to lower water tables below levels needed for evaporative cooling during episodic heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Moran
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Luiza M T Aparecido
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dan F Koepke
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Hillary F Cooper
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Heather L Throop
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Gerard J Allan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
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Knipfer T, Wilson N, Jorgensen-Bambach NE, McElrone AJ, Bartlett MK, Castellarin SD. Cessation of berry growth coincides with leaf complete stomatal closure at pre-veraison for grapevine (Vitis vinifera) subjected to progressive drought stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:979-988. [PMID: 37742279 PMCID: PMC10808015 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Drought events have devasting impacts on grape berry production. The aim of this study was to investigate berry growth in the context of leaf stomatal closure under progressive drought stress. METHODS Potted grapevine plants (varieties 'Syrah' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon') were evaluated at pre-verasion (30-45 d after anthesis, DAA) and post-veraison (90-107 DAA). Berry diameter, berry absolute growth rate (AGR), leaf stomatal conductance (Gs) at midday, plant water potential at predawn and midday (ΨPD and ΨMD, respectively), and soil relative water content were measured repeatedly. The ΨPD-threshold of 90 % loss in stomatal conductance (Gs10, i.e. complete stomatal closure) was determined. Data were related to plant dehydration phases I, II and III with corresponding boundaries Θ1 and Θ2, using the water potential curve method. KEY RESULTS At pre-veraison, berry AGR declined together with leaf Gs in response to soil drying in both varieties. Berry AGR transitioned from positive to negative (shrinkage) values when leaf Gs approached zero. The Gs10-threshold was -0.81 MPa in 'Syrah' and -0.74 MPa in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and was linked to boundary Θ1. At post-veraison, berry AGR was negligible and negative AGR values were not intensified by increasing drought stress in either variety. CONCLUSION Leaf complete stomatal closure under progressive drought stress coincides with cessation of berry growth followed by shrinkage at pre-veraison (growth stage 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Knipfer
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - N Wilson
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - A J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M K Bartlett
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S D Castellarin
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Wang X, Huang J, Peng S, Xiong D. Leaf rolling precedes stomatal closure in rice (Oryza sativa) under drought conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6650-6661. [PMID: 37551729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rolling is a physiological response to drought that may help to reduce water loss, but its significance as a contribution to drought tolerance is uncertain. We scored the leaf rolling of four rice genotypes along an experimental drought gradient using an improved cryo-microscopy method. Leaf water potential (Ψleaf), gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf hydraulic conductance, rehydration capacity, and the bulk turgor loss point were also analysed. During the drought process, stomatal conductance declined sharply to reduce water loss, and leaves rolled up before the stomata completely closed. The leaf water loss rate of rolled leaves was significantly reduced compared with artificially flattened leaves. The Ψleaf threshold of initial leaf rolling ranged from -1.95 to -1.04 MPa across genotypes. When a leaf rolled so that the leaf edges were touching, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance declined more than 80%. Across genotypes, leaf hydraulic conductance declined first, followed by gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. However, the Ψleaf threshold for a given functional trait decline differed significantly among genotypes, with the exception of leaf hydraulic conductance. Our results suggested that leaf rolling was mechanistically linked to drought avoidance and tolerance traits and might serve as a useful phenotypic trait for rice breeding in future drought scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Akram MA, Wang X, Shrestha N, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Yao S, Li J, Hou Q, Hu W, Ran J, Deng J. Variations and driving factors of leaf functional traits in the dominant desert plant species along an environmental gradient in the drylands of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165394. [PMID: 37437630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits (LFTs) of desert plants are responsive, adaptable and highly plastic to their environment. However, the macroscale variation in LFTs and driving factors underlying this variation remain unclear, especially for desert plants. Here, we measured eight LFTs, including leaf carbon concentration (LCC), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness (LTH) and leaf tissue density (LTD) across 114 sites along environmental gradient in the drylands of China and in Guazhou Common Garden and evaluated the effect of environment and phylogeny on the LFTs. We noted that for all species, the mean values of LCC, LNC, LPC, SLA, LDMC, LMA, LTH and LTD were 384.62 mg g-1, 19.91 mg g-1, 1.12 mg g-1, 79.62 cm2 g-1, 0.74 g g-1, 237.39 g m-2, 0.38 mm and 0.91 g cm-3, respectively. LFTs exhibited significant geographical variations and the LNC, LMA and LTH in the plants of Guazhou Common Garden were significantly higher than the field sites in the drylands of China. LDMC and LTD of plants in Guazhou Common Garden were, however, considerably lower than those in the drylands of China. LCC, LPC, LTH and LTD differed significantly among different plant lifeforms, while LNC, SLA, LDMC and LMA didn't show significant variations. We found that the environmental variables explained higher spatial variations (3.6-66.3 %) in LFTs than the phylogeny (1.8-54.2 %). The LCC significantly increased, while LDMC and LTD decreased with increased temperature and reduced precipitation. LPC, LDMC, LMA, and LTD significantly increased, while SLA and LTH decreased with increased aridity. However, leaf elements were not significantly correlated with soil nutrients. The mean annual precipitation was a key factor controlling variations in LFTs at the macroscale in the drylands of China. These findings will provide new insights to better understand the response of LFTs and plants adaptation along environmental gradient in drylands, and will serve as a reference for studying biogeographic patterns of leaf traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Akram
- School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuran Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weigang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinzhi Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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de Oliveira US, de Souza AH, de Andrade MT, Oliveira LA, Gouvea DG, Martins SCV, Ramalho JDC, Cardoso AA, DaMatta FM. Carbon gain is coordinated with enhanced stomatal conductance and hydraulic architecture in coffee plants acclimated to elevated [CO 2]: The interplay with irradiance supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108145. [PMID: 37907041 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that, under elevated [CO2] (eCa), coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants grown at high light (HL), but not at low light (LL), display higher stomatal conductance (gs) than at ambient [CO2] (aCa). We then hypothesized that the enhanced gs at eCa/HL, if sustained at the long-term, would lead to adjustments in hydraulic architecture. To test this hypothesis, potted plants of coffee were grown in open-top chambers for 12 months under HL or LL (ca. 9 or 1 mol photons m-2 day-1, respectively); these light treatments were combined with two [CO2] levels (ca. 437 or 705 μmol mol-1, respectively). Under eCa/HL, increased gs was closely accompanied by increases in branch and leaf hydraulic conductances, suggesting a coordinated response between liquid- and vapor-phase water flows throughout the plant. Still under HL, eCa also resulted in increased Huber value (sapwood area-to-total leaf area), sapwood area-to-stem diameter, and root mass-to-total leaf area, thus further improving the water supply to the leaves. Our results demonstrate that Ca is a central player in coffee physiology increasing carbon gain through a close association between stomatal function and an improved hydraulic architecture under HL conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uéliton S de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio H de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Moab T de Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Débora G Gouvea
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - José D C Ramalho
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Dept. Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Av. da República, 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal; Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Amanda A Cardoso
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Parra A, Pratt RB, Jacobsen AL, Chamorro D, Torres I, Moreno JM. Functional response and resistance to drought in seedlings of six shrub species with contrasting leaf traits from the Mediterranean Basin and California. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1758-1771. [PMID: 37369036 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought events during post-fire regeneration are becoming increasingly frequent in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Understanding how plants with different traits and origins respond to such conditions during early life stages is therefore critical for assessing the effect of climate change. Here, seedlings of three Cistus (semi-deciduous malacophylls from the Mediterranean Basin) and three Ceanothus (evergreen sclerophylls from California) species, two post-fire seeder genera with contrasting leaf traits, were subjected to complete water deprivation for 3 months in a common garden experiment. The leaf and plant structure and plant tissue water relations were characterized before the drought, and the functional responses (water availability, gas exchange and fluorescence) were monitored during the drought. Both genera exhibited contrasting leaf structure and tissue water relations traits, with higher leaf area and specific leaf area as well as higher osmotic potential at maximum turgor and turgor loss point in Cistus than Ceanothus. During drought, Ceanothus showed a more conservative use of water than Cistus, with a water potential less sensitive to decreasing soil moisture and a strong decline in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to water deficit, but also a level of fluorescence more responsive to drought than Cistus. However, we could not find a different degree of drought resistance between the genera. This was particularly clear between Cistus ladanifer L. and Ceanothus pauciflorus DC., the two most functionally contrasting species, but at the same time, the two most drought-resistant. Our findings demonstrate that species with different leaf traits and functional responses to water stress may not differ in their degree of drought resistance, at least during the seedling stage. This underlines the need to take general categorizations by genus or functional types with caution and to deepen our knowledge about the Mediterranean-type species ecophysiology, especially during early life stages, in order to anticipate their vulnerability to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Parra
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - R Brandon Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA
| | - Anna L Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA
| | - Daniel Chamorro
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Iván Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José M Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Petruzzellis F, Di Bonaventura A, Tordoni E, Tomasella M, Natale S, Trifilò P, Tromba G, Di Lillo F, D'Amico L, Bacaro G, Nardini A. The optical method based on gas injection overestimates leaf vulnerability to xylem embolism in three woody species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1784-1795. [PMID: 37427987 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant hydraulic traits related to leaf drought tolerance, like the water potential at turgor loss point (TLP) and the water potential inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance (P50), are extremely useful to predict the potential impacts of drought on plants. While novel techniques have allowed the inclusion of TLP in studies targeting a large group of species, fast and reliable protocols to measure leaf P50 are still lacking. Recently, the optical method coupled with the gas injection (GI) technique has been proposed as a possibility to speed up the P50 estimation. Here, we present a comparison of leaf optical vulnerability curves (OVcs) measured in three woody species, namely Acer campestre (Ac), Ostrya carpinifolia (Oc) and Populus nigra (Pn), based on bench dehydration (BD) or GI of detached branches. For Pn, we also compared optical data with direct micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging in both intact saplings and cut shoots subjected to BD. Based on the BD procedure, Ac, Oc and Pn had P50 values of -2.87, -2.47 and -2.11 MPa, respectively, while the GI procedure overestimated the leaf vulnerability (-2.68, -2.04 and -1.54 MPa for Ac, Oc and Pn, respectively). The overestimation was higher for Oc and Pn than for Ac, likely reflecting the species-specific vessel lengths. According to micro-CT observations performed on Pn, the leaf midrib showed none or very few embolized conduits at -1.2 MPa, consistent with the OVcs obtained with the BD procedure but at odds with that derived on the basis of GI. Overall, our data suggest that coupling the optical method with GI might not be a reliable technique to quantify leaf hydraulic vulnerability since it could be affected by the 'open-vessel' artifact. Accurate detection of xylem embolism in the leaf vein network should be based on BD, preferably of intact up-rooted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petruzzellis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Azzurra Di Bonaventura
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Viale delle Scienze 206, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Enrico Tordoni
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Martina Tomasella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Sara Natale
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Patrizia Trifilò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Giuliana Tromba
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Lillo
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Amico
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
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Blackman CJ, Billon LM, Cartailler J, Torres-Ruiz JM, Cochard H. Key hydraulic traits control the dynamics of plant dehydration in four contrasting tree species during drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1772-1783. [PMID: 37318310 PMCID: PMC10652334 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trees are at risk of mortality during extreme drought, yet our understanding of the traits that govern the timing of drought-induced hydraulic failure remains limited. To address this, we tested SurEau, a trait-based soil-plant-atmosphere model designed to predict the dynamics of plant dehydration as represented by the changes in water potential against those observed in potted trees of four contrasting species (Pinus halepensis Mill., Populus nigra L., Quercus ilex L. and Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carriére) exposed to drought. SurEau was parameterized with a range of plant hydraulic and allometric traits, soil and climatic variables. We found a close correspondence between the predicted and observed plant water potential (in MPa) dynamics during the early phase drought, leading to stomatal closure, as well as during the latter phase of drought, leading to hydraulic failure in all four species. A global model's sensitivity analysis revealed that, for a common plant size (leaf area) and soil volume, dehydration time from full hydration to stomatal closure (Tclose) was most strongly controlled by the leaf osmotic potential (Pi0) and its influence on stomatal closure, in all four species, while the maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax) also contributed to Tclose in Q. ilex and C. atlantica. Dehydration times from stomatal closure to hydraulic failure (Tcav) was most strongly controlled by Pi0, the branch residual conductance (gres) and Q10a sensitivity of gres in the three evergreen species, while xylem embolism resistance (P50) was most influential in the deciduous species P. nigra. Our findings point to SurEau as a highly useful model for predicting changes in plant water status during drought and suggest that adjustments made in key hydraulic traits are potentially beneficial to delaying the onset of drought-induced hydraulic failure in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Blackman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63100, France
| | - Lise-Marie Billon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63100, France
| | - Julien Cartailler
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63100, France
| | - José M Torres-Ruiz
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63100, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63100, France
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40
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Potkay A, Feng X. Dynamically optimizing stomatal conductance for maximum turgor-driven growth over diel and seasonal cycles. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad044. [PMID: 37899972 PMCID: PMC10601388 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Stomata have recently been theorized to have evolved strategies that maximize turgor-driven growth over plants' lifetimes, finding support through steady-state solutions in which gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth have all reached equilibrium. However, plants do not operate near steady state as plant responses and environmental forcings vary diurnally and seasonally. It remains unclear how gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth should be dynamically coordinated for stomata to maximize growth. We simulated the gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth that dynamically maximize growth diurnally and annually. Additionally, we test whether the growth-optimization hypothesis explains nocturnal stomatal opening, particularly through diel changes in temperature, carbohydrate storage and demand. Year-long dynamic simulations captured realistic diurnal and seasonal patterns in gas exchange as well as realistic seasonal patterns in carbohydrate storage and growth, improving upon unrealistic carbohydrate responses in steady-state simulations. Diurnal patterns of carbohydrate storage and growth in day-long simulations were hindered by faulty modelling assumptions of cyclic carbohydrate storage over an individual day and synchronization of the expansive and hardening phases of growth, respectively. The growth-optimization hypothesis cannot currently explain nocturnal stomatal opening unless employing corrective 'fitness factors' or reframing the theory in a probabilistic manner, in which stomata adopt an inaccurate statistical 'memory' of night-time temperature. The growth-optimization hypothesis suggests that diurnal and seasonal patterns of stomatal conductance are driven by a dynamic carbon-use strategy that seeks to maintain homeostasis of carbohydrate reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Potkay
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 23rd Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 23rd Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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Davidson KJ, Lamour J, McPherran A, Rogers A, Serbin SP. Seasonal trends in leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency in a North American Eastern deciduous forest and their impact on canopy-scale gas exchange. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:138-156. [PMID: 37475146 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative transpiration (E) and photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) are known to be seasonally dynamic, with changes in their ratio determining the marginal water use efficiency (WUE). Despite an understanding that stomata play a mechanistic role in regulating WUE, it is still unclear how stomatal and nonstomatal processes influence change in WUE over the course of the growing season. As a result, limited understanding of the primary physiological drivers of seasonal dynamics of canopy WUE remains one of the largest uncertainties in earth system model projections of carbon and water exchange in temperate deciduous forest ecosystems. We investigated seasonal patterns in leaf-level physiological, hydraulic, and anatomical properties, including the seasonal progress of the stomatal slope parameter (g1 ; inversely proportional to WUE) and the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax ). Vcmax and g1 were seasonally variable; however, their patterns were not temporally synchronized. g1 generally showed an increasing trend until late in the season, while Vcmax peaked during the midsummer months. Seasonal progression of Vcmax was primarily driven by changes in leaf structural, and anatomical characteristics, while seasonal changes in g1 were most strongly related to changes in Vcmax and leaf hydraulics. Using a seasonally variable Vcmax and g1 to parameterize a canopy-scale gas exchange model increased seasonally aggregated A and E by 3% and 16%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Davidson
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Julien Lamour
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Anna McPherran
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Schönbeck L, Arteaga M, Mirza H, Coleman M, Mitchell D, Huang X, Ortiz H, Santiago LS. Plant physiological indicators for optimizing conservation outcomes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad073. [PMID: 37711583 PMCID: PMC10498484 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant species of concern often occupy narrow habitat ranges, making climate change an outsized potential threat to their conservation and restoration. Understanding the physiological status of a species during stress has the potential to elucidate current risk and provide an outlook on population maintenance. However, the physiological status of a plant can be difficult to interpret without a reference point, such as the capacity to tolerate stress before loss of function, or mortality. We address the application of plant physiology to conservation biology by distinguishing between two physiological approaches that together determine plant status in relation to environmental conditions and evaluate the capacity to avoid stress-induced loss of function. Plant physiological status indices, such as instantaneous rates of photosynthetic gas exchange, describe the level of physiological activity in the plant and are indicative of physiological health. When such measurements are combined with a reference point that reflects the maximum value or environmental limits of a parameter, such as the temperature at which photosynthesis begins to decline due to high temperature stress, we can better diagnose the proximity to potentially damaging thresholds. Here, we review a collection of useful plant status and reference point measurements related to photosynthesis, water relations and mineral nutrition, which can contribute to plant conservation physiology. We propose that these measurements can serve as important additional information to more commonly used phenological and morphological parameters, as the proposed parameters will reveal early warning signals before they are visible. We discuss their implications in the context of changing temperature, water and nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schönbeck
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Marc Arteaga
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Humera Mirza
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mitchell Coleman
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Tejon Ranch Conservancy, Frazier Park, CA 93225, USA
| | - Denise Mitchell
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Haile Ortiz
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092. Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama
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43
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Guo B, Arndt SK, Miller RE, Szota C, Farrell C. How does leaf succulence relate to plant drought resistance in woody shrubs? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1501-1513. [PMID: 37208014 PMCID: PMC10652328 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Succulence describes the amount of water stored in cells or organs, regardless of plant life-form, including woody and herbaceous plants. In dry environments, plants with greater survival often have greater leaf succulence. However, it is unclear how leaf succulence relates to plant drought resistance strategies, including isohydry (closing stomata to maintain leaf water status) and anisohydry (adjusting cell turgor to tolerate low leaf water status), which exist on a continuum that can be quantified by hydroscape area (larger hydroscape area indicates more anisohydric). We evaluated 12 woody species with differing leaf succulence in a glasshouse dry-down experiment to determine relationships among leaf succulence (degree of leaf succulence, leaf succulent quotient and leaf thickness) and plant drought response (hydroscape area, plant water use, turgor loss point and predawn leaf water potential when transpiration ceased). Hydroscape areas ranged from 0.72 (Carpobrotus modestus S.T.Blake; crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants) to 7.01 MPa2 (Rhagodia spinescens R.Br.; C3 plants), suggesting that C. modestus was more isohydric and R. spinescens was more anisohydric. More isohydric species C. modestus, Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes and Disphyma crassifolium (L.) L.Bolus (CAM plants) had greater leaf succulence, lower root allocation, used stored water and ceased transpiration at higher predawn leaf water potential, shortly after reaching their turgor loss point. The remaining nine species that are not CAM plants had larger hydroscape areas and ceased transpiration at lower predawn leaf water potential. Greater leaf succulence was not related to cumulative water loss until transpiration ceased in drying soils. All 12 species had high turgor loss points (-1.32 to -0.59 MPa), but turgor loss point was not related to hydroscape area or leaf succulence. Our data suggest that overall greater leaf succulence was related to isohydry, but this may have been influenced by the fact that these species were also CAM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Guo
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Miller
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher Szota
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Claire Farrell
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
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Fox H, Ben-Dor S, Doron-Faigenboim A, Goldsmith M, Klein T, David-Schwartz R. Carbohydrate dynamics in Populus trees under drought: An expression atlas of genes related to sensing, translocation, and metabolism across organs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14001. [PMID: 37882295 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In trees, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) serve as long-term carbon storage and long-distance carbon transport from source to sink. NSC management in response to drought stress is key to our understanding of drought acclimation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. By combining a transcriptomic approach with NSC quantification in the leaves, stems, and roots of Populus alba under drought stress, we analyzed genes from 29 gene families related to NSC signaling, translocation, and metabolism. We found starch depletion across organs and accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) in the leaves. Activation of the trehalose-6-phosphate/SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK1) signaling pathway across organs via the suppression of class I TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (TPS) and the expression of class II TPS genes suggested an active response to drought. The expression of SnRK1α and β subunits, and SUCROSE SYNTHASE6 supported SS accumulation in leaves. The upregulation of active transporters and the downregulation of most passive transporters implied a shift toward active sugar transport and enhanced regulation over partitioning. SS accumulation in vacuoles supports osmoregulation in leaves. The increased expression of sucrose synthesis genes and reduced expression of sucrose degradation genes in the roots did not coincide with sucrose levels, implying local sucrose production for energy. Moreover, the downregulation of invertases in the roots suggests limited sucrose allocation from the aboveground organs. This study provides an expression atlas of NSC-related genes that respond to drought in poplar trees, and can be tested in tree improvement programs for adaptation to drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Fox
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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45
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Nadal M, Quintanilla LG, Pons-Perpinyà J, Lima VF, Gago J, Aranda I. Leaf structure and water relations of an allotetraploid Mediterranean fern and its diploid parents. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14043. [PMID: 37882284 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Allopolyploidy is a common speciation mechanism in plants; however, its physiological and ecological consequences in niche partitioning have been scarcely studied. In this sense, leaf traits are good proxies to study the adaptive capacity of allopolyploids and diploid parents to their respective environmental conditions. In the present work, leaf water relations (assessed through pressure-volume curves) and structural and anatomical traits of the allotetraploid fern Oeosporangium tinaei and its diploid parents, Oeosporangium hispanicum and Oeosporangium pteridioides, were studied under controlled conditions in response to a water stress (WS) cycle. O. hispanicum showed the lowest osmotic potential at turgor loss point (πtlp ) and leaf capacitance, together with higher leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness (LT), leaf density (LD), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC), whereas O. pteridioides presented the opposite set of traits (high πtlp and capacitance, and low LMA, LT, LD, and LDMC). O. tinaei showed an intermediate position for most of the studied traits. The responsiveness (osmotic and elastic adjustments) to WS was low, although most of the traits explained the segregation of the three species across a range of drought tolerance according to the rank: O. hispanicum > O. tinaei > O. pteridioides. These trait differences may underlie the niche segregation among coexisting populations of the three species in the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Nadal
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Zaragoza, Spain
- Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis G Quintanilla
- School of Environmental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Joan Pons-Perpinyà
- Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Valéria F Lima
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jorge Gago
- Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Institute of Forest Sciences, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICIFOR-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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de Sousa GF, Silva MA, de Carvalho MR, de Morais EG, Benevenute PAN, Van Opbergen GAZ, Van Opbergen GGAZ, Guilherme LRG. Foliar Selenium Application to Reduce the Induced-Drought Stress Effects in Coffee Seedlings: Induced Priming or Alleviation Effect? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3026. [PMID: 37687273 PMCID: PMC10490047 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of Se supply in improving osmotic stress tolerance in coffee seedlings while also evaluating the best timing for Se application. Five times of Se foliar application were assessed during induced osmotic stress with PEG-6000 using the day of imposing stress as a default, plus two control treatments: with osmotic stress and without Se, and without osmotic stress and Se. Results demonstrated that osmotic stress (OS) promoted mild stress in the coffee plants (ψw from -1.5MPa to -2.5 MPa). Control plants under stress showed seven and five times lower activity of the enzymes GR and SOD compared with the non-stressed ones, and OS was found to further induce starch degradation, which was potentialized by the Se foliar supply. The seedlings that received foliar Se application 8 days before the stress exhibited higher CAT, APX, and SOD than the absolute control (-OS-Se)-771.1%, 356.3%, and 266.5% higher, respectively. In conclusion, previous Se foliar spray is more effective than the Se supply after OS to overcome the adverse condition. On the other hand, the post-stress application seems to impose extra stress on the plants, leading them to reduce their water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferreira de Sousa
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | - Maila Adriely Silva
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | | | - Everton Geraldo de Morais
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | - Pedro Antônio Namorato Benevenute
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | - Gustavo Avelar Zorgdrager Van Opbergen
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | | | - Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
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Song HQ, Wang YQ, Yan CL, Zeng WH, Chen YJ, Zhang JL, Liu H, Zhang QM, Zhu SD. Can leaf drought tolerance predict species abundance and its changes in tropical-subtropical forests? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1319-1325. [PMID: 37154549 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has resulted in an increase in drought severity in the species-rich tropical and subtropical forests of southern China. Exploring the spatiotemporal relationship between drought-tolerance trait and tree abundance provides a means to elucidate the impact of droughts on community assembly and dynamics. In this study, we measured the leaf turgor loss point (πtlp) for 399 tree species from three tropical forest plots and three subtropical forest plots. The plot area was 1 ha and tree abundance was calculated as total basal area per hectare according to the nearest community census data. The first aim of this study was to explore πtlp abundance relationships in the six plots across a range of precipitation seasonality. Additionally, three of the six plots (two tropical forests and one subtropical forest) had consecutive community censuses data (12-22 years) and the mortality ratios and abundance year slope of tree species were analyzed. The second aim was to examine whether πtlp is a predictor of tree mortality and abundance changes. Our results showed that tree species with lower (more negative) πtlp were more abundant in the tropical forests with relative high seasonality. However, πtlp was not related to tree abundance in the subtropical forests with low seasonality. Moreover, πtlp was not a good predictor of tree mortality and abundance changes in both humid and dry forests. This study reveals the restricted role of πtlp in predicting the response of forests to increasing droughts under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao-Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian-Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
- Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhaoqing 526070, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Byrt CS, Zhang RY, Magrath I, Chan KX, De Rosa A, McGaughey S. Exploring aquaporin functions during changes in leaf water potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213454. [PMID: 37615024 PMCID: PMC10442719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of optimal leaf tissue humidity is important for plant productivity and food security. Leaf humidity is influenced by soil and atmospheric water availability, by transpiration and by the coordination of water flux across cell membranes throughout the plant. Flux of water and solutes across plant cell membranes is influenced by the function of aquaporin proteins. Plants have numerous aquaporin proteins required for a multitude of physiological roles in various plant tissues and the membrane flux contribution of each aquaporin can be regulated by changes in protein abundance, gating, localisation, post-translational modifications, protein:protein interactions and aquaporin stoichiometry. Resolving which aquaporins are candidates for influencing leaf humidity and determining how their regulation impacts changes in leaf cell solute flux and leaf cavity humidity is challenging. This challenge involves resolving the dynamics of the cell membrane aquaporin abundance, aquaporin sub-cellular localisation and location-specific post-translational regulation of aquaporins in membranes of leaf cells during plant responses to changes in water availability and determining the influence of cell signalling on aquaporin permeability to a range of relevant solutes, as well as determining aquaporin influence on cell signalling. Here we review recent developments, current challenges and suggest open opportunities for assessing the role of aquaporins in leaf substomatal cavity humidity regulation.
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Villagra M, di Francescantonio D, Munaretto N, Campanello PI. Yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis) agroforestry systems: intraspecific differences in water relations and hydraulic architecture. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:585-598. [PMID: 37194220 DOI: 10.1071/fp22300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Intensive farming systems benefit from the additional ecosystem services provided by tree integration, which generate different growing conditions for the main crop. We studied yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis ) responses to growing conditions in monoculture (the conventional cropping system of yerba mate) and in three agroforestry systems: (1) yerba mate+Balfourodendron riedelianum ; (2) yerba mate+Peltophorum dubium ; and (3) yerba mate+Toona ciliata . Mainly, we focused on water relations and the hydraulic architecture of yerba mate. Agroforestry cropping systems provided a shade cover of around 34-45% and yielded as high as the conventional system. The shade cover influenced the allocation pattern to enhance leaf light capture, incrementing the leaf area to the sapwood area at the branch level. We also found a higher specific hydraulic conductivity in stems of yerba mate plants in consortium with T. ciliata than in the conventional cropping system, as well as higher resistance to water deficits due to lower vulnerability to embolism in the stems. During a severe drought, yerba mate plants had a similar stem and leaf water potential in both agricultural systems. Still, plants in monoculture had lower hydraulic safety margins and higher signs of leaf damage and mortality. This indicates that integrating trees into the yerba mate cultivation increases water stress resistance which would be beneficial to avoid restrictions on crop productivity under severe droughts induced by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Villagra
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, UNAM-CONICET, Av. Tres Fronteras 183, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; and Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Débora di Francescantonio
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, UNAM-CONICET, Av. Tres Fronteras 183, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; and Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Nestor Munaretto
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Santo Pipó, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Paula I Campanello
- Instituto de Biotecnología Esquel, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, CONICET, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina; and Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Argentina
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Browne M, Bartlett MK, Henry C, Jarrahi M, John G, Scoffoni C, Yardimci NT, Sack L. Low baseline intraspecific variation in leaf pressure-volume traits: Biophysical basis and implications for spectroscopic sensing. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13974. [PMID: 37403811 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Intra-specific trait variation (ITV) plays a role in processes at a wide range of scales from organs to ecosystems across climate gradients. Yet, ITV remains rarely quantified for many ecophysiological traits typically assessed for species means, such as pressure volume (PV) curve parameters including osmotic potential at full turgor and modulus of elasticity, which are important in plant water relations. We defined a baseline "reference ITV" (ITVref ) as the variation among fully exposed, mature sun leaves of replicate individuals of a given species grown in similar, well-watered conditions, representing the conservative sampling design commonly used for species-level ecophysiological traits. We hypothesized that PV parameters would show low ITVref relative to other leaf morphological traits, and that their intraspecific relationships would be similar to those previously established across species and proposed to arise from biophysical constraints. In a database of novel and published PV curves and additional leaf structural traits for 50 diverse species, we found low ITVref for PV parameters relative to other morphological traits, and strong intraspecific relationships among PV traits. Simulation modeling showed that conservative ITVref enables the use of species-mean PV parameters for scaling up from spectroscopic measurements of leaf water content to enable sensing of leaf water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Browne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Megan K Bartlett
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian Henry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mona Jarrahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grace John
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nezih Tolga Yardimci
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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