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Akhmatova NK, Kurbatova EA, Zaytsev AE, Akhmatova EA, Yastrebova NE, Sukhova EV, Yashunsky DV, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Synthetic BSA-conjugated disaccharide related to the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide increases IL-17A Levels, γδ T cells, and B1 cells in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388721. [PMID: 38840926 PMCID: PMC11150546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The disaccharide (β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside represents a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. A conjugate of the disaccharide with BSA (di-BSA conjugate) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide induced - in contrast to the non-adjuvanted conjugate - IgG1 antibody production and protected mice against S. pneumoniae serotype 3 infection after intraperitoneal prime-boost immunization. Adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted conjugates induced production of Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα); Th2 (IL-5, IL-13); Th17 (IL-17A), Th1/Th17 (IL-22), and Th2/Th17 cytokines (IL-21) after immunization. The concentration of cytokines in mice sera was higher in response to the adjuvanted conjugate, with the highest level of IL-17A production after the prime and boost immunizations. In contrast, the non-adjuvanted conjugate elicited only weak production of IL-17A, which gradually decreased after the second immunization. After boost immunization of mice with the adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate, there was a significant increase in the number of CD45+/CD19+ B cells, TCR+ γδ T cell, CD5+ В1 cells, and activated cells with MHC II+ expression in the spleens of the mice. IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells play a crucial role in preventing pneumococcal infection, but can also contribute to autoimmune diseases. Immunization with the adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate did not elicit autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA targeting cell nuclei in mice. Thus, the molecular and cellular markers associated with antibody production and protective activity in response to immunization with the di-BSA conjugate adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide are IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells against the background of increasing MHC II+ expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Mice
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Disaccharides/immunology
- Bacterial Capsules/immunology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Female
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Serogroup
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli K. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Kurbatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton E. Zaytsev
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina A. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya E. Yastrebova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Sukhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V. Yashunsky
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Popotas A, Casimir GJ, Corazza F, Lefèvre N. Sex-related immunity: could Toll-like receptors be the answer in acute inflammatory response? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379754. [PMID: 38835761 PMCID: PMC11148260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have highlighted the existence of a sex-specific immune response, wherein men experience a worse prognosis in cases of acute inflammatory diseases. Initially, this sex-dependent inflammatory response was attributed to the influence of sex hormones. However, a growing body of evidence has shifted the focus toward the influence of chromosomes rather than sex hormones in shaping these inflammatory sex disparities. Notably, certain pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their associated immune pathways have been implicated in driving the sex-specific immune response. These receptors are encoded by genes located on the X chromosome. TLRs are pivotal components of the innate immune system, playing crucial roles in responding to infectious diseases, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as trauma-related conditions. Importantly, the TLR-mediated inflammatory responses, as indicated by the production of specific proteins and cytokines, exhibit discernible sex-dependent patterns. In this review, we delve into the subject of sex bias in TLR activation and explore its clinical implications relatively to both the X chromosome and the hormonal environment. The overarching objective is to enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Popotas
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Jacques Casimir
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Bhalla M, Herring S, Lenhard A, Wheeler JR, Aswad F, Klumpp K, Rebo J, Wang Y, Wilhelmsen K, Fortney K, Bou Ghanem EN. The prostaglandin D2 antagonist asapiprant ameliorates clinical severity in young hosts infected with invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0052223. [PMID: 38629842 PMCID: PMC11075459 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00522-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains a serious cause of pulmonary and systemic infections globally, and host-directed therapies are lacking. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of asapiprant, an inhibitor of prostaglandin D2 signaling, against pneumococcal infection. Treatment of young mice with asapiprant after pulmonary infection with invasive pneumococci significantly reduced systemic spread, disease severity, and host death. Protection was specific against bacterial dissemination from the lung to the blood but had no effect on pulmonary bacterial burden. Asapiprant-treated mice had enhanced antimicrobial activity in circulating neutrophils, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung macrophages/monocytes, and improved pulmonary barrier integrity indicated by significantly reduced diffusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran from lungs into the circulation. These findings suggest that asapiprant protects the host against pneumococcal dissemination by enhancing the antimicrobial activity of immune cells and maintaining epithelial/endothelial barrier integrity in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sydney Herring
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alexsandra Lenhard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joshua R. Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fred Aswad
- BIOAGE Labs Inc., Richmond, California, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Wang
- BIOAGE Labs Inc., Richmond, California, USA
| | | | | | - Elsa N. Bou Ghanem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Lokken-Toyli KL, Aggarwal SD, Bee GCW, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Wu C, Chen KZM, Loomis C, Bogaert D, Weiser JN. Impaired upper respiratory tract barrier function during postnatal development predisposes to invasive pneumococcal disease. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012111. [PMID: 38718049 PMCID: PMC11078396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infants are highly susceptible to invasive respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. To elucidate the age-dependent mechanism(s) that drive bacterial spread from the mucosa, we developed an infant mouse model using the prevalent pediatric respiratory pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Despite similar upper respiratory tract (URT) colonization levels, the survival rate of Spn-infected infant mice was significantly decreased compared to adults and corresponded with Spn dissemination to the bloodstream. An increased rate of pneumococcal bacteremia in early life beyond the newborn period was attributed to increased bacterial translocation across the URT barrier. Bacterial dissemination in infant mice was independent of URT monocyte or neutrophil infiltration, phagocyte-derived ROS or RNS, inflammation mediated by toll-like receptor 2 or interleukin 1 receptor signaling, or the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. Using molecular barcoding of Spn, we found that only a minority of bacterial clones in the nasopharynx disseminated to the blood in infant mice, indicating the absence of robust URT barrier breakdown. Rather, transcriptional profiling of the URT epithelium revealed a failure of infant mice to upregulate genes involved in the tight junction pathway. Expression of many such genes was also decreased in early life in humans. Infant mice also showed increased URT barrier permeability and delayed mucociliary clearance during the first two weeks of life, which corresponded with tighter attachment of bacteria to the respiratory epithelium. Together, these results demonstrate a window of vulnerability during postnatal development when altered mucosal barrier function facilitates bacterial dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Lokken-Toyli
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Surya D. Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gavyn Chern Wei Bee
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wouter A. A. de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy Wu
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenny Zhi Ming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey N. Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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5
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Salina ACG, de Aquino Penteado L, Dejani NN, Silva-Pereira L, Raimundo BVB, Corrêa GF, Oliveira KC, Ramalho LNZ, Boko MMM, Bonato VLD, Henrique Serezani C, Medeiros AI. Different bacterial cargo in apoptotic cells drive distinct macrophage phenotypes. Apoptosis 2024; 29:321-330. [PMID: 37796354 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of dead cells (efferocytosis) contributes to the resolution of the infection and preservation of the tissue. Depending on the environment milieu, macrophages may show inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Inflammatory leukocytes are recruited during infection, followed by the accumulation of infected and non-infected apoptotic cells (AC). Efferocytosis of non-infected AC promotes TGF-β, IL-10, and PGE2 production and the polarization of anti-inflammatory macrophages. These M2 macrophages acquire an efficient ability to remove apoptotic cells that are involved in tissue repair and resolution of inflammation. On the other hand, the impact of efferocytosis of infected apoptotic cells on macrophage activation profile remains unknown. Here, we are showing that the efferocytosis of gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae-AC (Sp-AC) or gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae-AC (Kp-AC) promotes distinct gene expression and cytokine signature in macrophages. Whereas the efferocytosis of Kp-AC triggered a predominant M1 phenotype in vitro and in vivo, the efferocytosis of Sp-AC promoted a mixed M1/M2 activation in vitro and in vivo in a model of allergic asthma. Together, these findings suggest that the nature of the pathogen and antigen load into AC may have different impacts on inducing macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Guerta Salina
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Letícia de Aquino Penteado
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naiara Naiana Dejani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Silva-Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Vilas Boas Raimundo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ferranti Corrêa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mèdéton Mahoussi Michaël Boko
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra Ivo Medeiros
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mondemé M, Zeroual Y, Soulard D, Hennart B, Beury D, Saliou JM, Carnoy C, Sirard JC, Faveeuw C. Amoxicillin treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia impacts bone marrow neutrophil maturation and function. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:463-475. [PMID: 37837383 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of death worldwide. A growing body of evidence indicates that the successful treatment of bacterial infections results from synergy between antibiotic-mediated direct antibacterial activity and the host's immune defenses. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective immune responses induced by amoxicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic used as the first-line treatment of S. pneumoniae infections, have not been characterized. A better understanding of amoxicillin's effects on host-pathogen interactions might facilitate the development of other treatment options. Given the crucial role of neutrophils in the control of S. pneumoniae infections, we decided to investigate amoxicillin's impact on neutrophil development in a mouse model of pneumococcal superinfection. A single therapeutic dose of amoxicillin almost completely eradicated the bacteria and prevented local and systemic inflammatory responses. Interestingly, in this context, amoxicillin treatment did not impair the emergency granulopoiesis triggered in the bone marrow by S. pneumoniae. Importantly, treatment of pneumonia with amoxicillin was associated with a greater mature neutrophil count in the bone marrow; these neutrophils had specific transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. Furthermore, amoxicillin-conditioned, mature neutrophils in the bone marrow had a less activated phenotype and might be rapidly mobilized in peripheral tissues in response to systemic inflammation. Thus, by revealing a novel effect of amoxicillin on the development and functions of bone marrow neutrophils during S. pneumoniae pneumonia, our findings provide new insights into the impact of amoxicillin treatment on host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Mondemé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59019, France
| | - Yasmine Zeroual
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59019, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59019, France
| | - Benjamin Hennart
- Toxicology and Genopathy Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Delphine Beury
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie et Santé, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jean-Michel Saliou
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie et Santé, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59019, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59019, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59019, France
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Cui JZ, Chew ZH, Lim LHK. New insights into nucleic acid sensor AIM2: The potential benefit in targeted therapy for cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107079. [PMID: 38272334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The AIM2 inflammasome represents a multifaceted oligomeric protein complex within the innate immune system, with the capacity to perceive double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and engage in diverse physiological reactions and disease contexts, including cancer. While originally conceived as a discerning DNA sensor, AIM2 has demonstrated its capability to discern various nucleic acid variations, encompassing RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids. Through its interaction with nucleic acids, AIM2 orchestrates the assembly of a complex involving multiple proteins, aptly named the AIM2 inflammasome, which facilitates the enzymatic cleavage of proinflammatory cytokines, namely pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. This process, in turn, underpins its pivotal biological role. In this review, we provide a systematic summary and discussion of the latest advancements in AIM2 sensing various types of nucleic acids. Additionally, we discuss the modulation of AIM2 activation, which can cause cell death, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death. Finally, we fully illustrate the evidence for the dual role of AIM2 in different cancer types, including both anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic functions. Considering the above information, we uncover the therapeutic promise of modulating the AIM2 inflammasome in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhou Cui
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS-Cambridge Immunophenotyping Centre, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Huan Chew
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Cassiano LMG, Oliveira MDS, de Queiroz KB, Amancio AMTDS, Salim ACDM, Fernandes GDR, Carneiro CM, Coimbra RS. Uncovering the neuroprotective effect of vitamin B12 in pneumococcal meningitis: insights into its pleiotropic mode of action at the transcriptional level. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250055. [PMID: 37854591 PMCID: PMC10579599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The interplay between bacterial virulence factors and the host innate immune response in pneumococcal meningitis (PM) can result in uncontrolled neuroinflammation, which is known to induce apoptotic death of progenitor cells and post-mitotic neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, resulting in cognitive impairment. Vitamin B12 attenuates hippocampal damage and reduces the expression of some key inflammatory genes in PM, by acting as an epidrug that promotes DNA methylation, with increased production of S-adenosyl-methionine, the universal donor of methyl. Material and methods Eleven-day-old rats were infected with S. pneumoniae via intracisternal injection and then administered either vitamin B12 or a placebo. After 24 hours of infection, the animals were euthanized, and apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, microglia activation, and the inflammatory infiltrate were quantified in one brain hemisphere. The other hemisphere was used for RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analysis. Results In this study, adjuvant therapy with B12 was found to modulate the hippocampal transcriptional signature induced by PM in infant rats, mitigating the effects of the disease in canonical pathways related to the recognition of pathogens by immune cells, signaling via NF-kB, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, migration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system, and production of reactive species. Phenotypic analysis revealed that B12 effectively inhibited microglia activation in the hippocampus and reduced the inflammatory infiltrate in the central nervous system of the infected animals. These pleiotropic transcriptional effects of B12 that lead to neuroprotection are partly regulated by alterations in histone methylation markings. No adverse effects of B12 were predicted or observed, reinforcing the well-established safety profile of this epidrug. Conclusion B12 effectively mitigates the impact of PM on pivotal neuroinflammatory pathways. This leads to reduced microglia activation and inflammatory infiltrate within the central nervous system, resulting in the attenuation of hippocampal damage. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of B12 involve the modulation of histone markings in hippocampal neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Marcely Gomes Cassiano
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Anna Christina de Matos Salim
- Plataforma Tecnológica de Sequenciamento NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
- Plataforma Tecnológica de Bioinformática, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Roney Santos Coimbra
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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9
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Zec K, Thiebes S, Bottek J, Siemes D, Spangenberg P, Trieu DV, Kirstein N, Subramaniam N, Christ R, Klein D, Jendrossek V, Loose M, Wagenlehner F, Jablonska J, Bracht T, Sitek B, Budeus B, Klein-Hitpass L, Theegarten D, Shevchuk O, Engel DR. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic signature of lung alveolar macrophages reveals the integrin CD11b as a regulatory hub during pneumococcal pneumonia infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227191. [PMID: 37790937 PMCID: PMC10544576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main causes of community-acquired infections in the lung alveoli in children and the elderly. Alveolar macrophages (AM) patrol alveoli in homeostasis and under infectious conditions. However, the molecular adaptations of AM upon infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae are incompletely resolved. Methods We used a comparative transcriptomic and proteomic approach to provide novel insights into the cellular mechanism that changes the molecular signature of AM during lung infections. Using a tandem mass spectrometry approach to murine cell-sorted AM, we revealed significant proteomic changes upon lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results AM showed a strong neutrophil-associated proteomic signature, such as expression of CD11b, MPO, neutrophil gelatinases, and elastases, which was associated with phagocytosis of recruited neutrophils. Transcriptomic analysis indicated intrinsic expression of CD11b by AM. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling identified CD11b as the central molecular hub in AM, which influenced neutrophil recruitment, activation, and migration. Discussion In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the intrinsic molecular adaptations of AM upon lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and reveals profound alterations critical for effective antimicrobial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zec
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jenny Bottek
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Devon Siemes
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippa Spangenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Duc Viet Trieu
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Kirstein
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nirojah Subramaniam
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robin Christ
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medical Faculty, Medizinisches Proteom‐Center, Ruhr‐University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Knappschafts-krankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medical Faculty, Medizinisches Proteom‐Center, Ruhr‐University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Knappschafts-krankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bettina Budeus
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Green AE, Pottenger S, Monshi MS, Barton TE, Phelan M, Neill DR. Airway metabolic profiling during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection identifies branched chain amino acids as signatures of upper airway colonisation. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011630. [PMID: 37669280 PMCID: PMC10503754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and bacteraemia and is capable of remarkable phenotypic plasticity, responding rapidly to environmental change. Pneumococcus is a nasopharyngeal commensal, but is responsible for severe, acute infections following dissemination within-host. Pneumococcus is adept at utilising host resources, but the airways are compartmentalised and those resources are not evenly distributed. Challenges and opportunities in metabolite acquisition within different airway niches may contribute to the commensal-pathogen switch when pneumococcus moves from nasopharynx into lungs. We used NMR to characterise the metabolic landscape of the mouse airways, in health and during infection. Using paired nasopharynx and lung samples from naïve animals, we identified fundamental differences in metabolite bioavailability between airway niches. Pneumococcal pneumonia was associated with rapid and dramatic shifts in the lung metabolic environment, whilst nasopharyngeal carriage led to only modest change in upper airway metabolite profiles. NMR spectra derived from the nasopharynx of mice infected with closely-related pneumococcal strains that differ in their colonisation potential could be distinguished from one another using multivariate dimensionality reduction methods. The resulting models highlighted that increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) bioavailability in nasopharynx is a feature of infection with the high colonisation potential strain. Subsequent analysis revealed increased expression of BCAA transport genes and increased intracellular concentrations of BCAA in that same strain. Movement from upper to lower airway environments is associated with shifting challenges in metabolic resource allocation for pneumococci. Efficient biosynthesis, liberation or acquisition of BCAA is a feature of adaptation to nasopharyngeal colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad E. Green
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Pottenger
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Manal S. Monshi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Barton
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Phelan
- Highfield NMR Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities (LIV-SRF), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Molecular, Systems and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Neill
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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11
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Ostermann L, Seeliger B, David S, Flasche C, Maus R, Reinboth MS, Christmann M, Neumann K, Brand K, Seltmann S, Bühling F, Paton JC, Roth J, Vogl T, Viemann D, Welte T, Maus UA. S100A9 is indispensable for survival of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011493. [PMID: 37467233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A8/A9 has important immunomodulatory roles in antibacterial defense, but its relevance in focal pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is understudied. We show that S100A9 was significantly increased in BAL fluids of patients with bacterial but not viral pneumonia and correlated with procalcitonin and sequential organ failure assessment scores. Mice deficient in S100A9 exhibited drastically elevated Zn2+ levels in lungs, which led to bacterial outgrowth and significantly reduced survival. In addition, reduced survival of S100A9 KO mice was characterized by excessive release of neutrophil elastase, which resulted in degradation of opsonophagocytically important collectins surfactant proteins A and D. All of these features were attenuated in S. pneumoniae-challenged chimeric WT→S100A9 KO mice. Similarly, therapy of S. pneumoniae-infected S100A9 KO mice with a mutant S100A8/A9 protein showing increased half-life significantly decreased lung bacterial loads and lung injury. Collectively, S100A9 controls central antibacterial immune mechanisms of the lung with essential relevance to survival of pneumococcal pneumonia. Moreover, S100A9 appears to be a promising biomarker to distinguish patients with bacterial from those with viral pneumonia. Trial registration: Clinical Trials register (DRKS00000620).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ostermann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Flasche
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marieke S Reinboth
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Frank Bühling
- Labopart Medical Laboratories, Dresden and Chemnitz, Germany
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Infection Research, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Mashraqi MM, Alzamami A, Alturki NA, Alshamrani S, Alshahrani MM, Almasoudi HH, Basharat Z. Molecular Mimicry Mapping in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Cues for Autoimmune Disorders and Implications for Immune Defense Activation. Pathogens 2023; 12:857. [PMID: 37513704 PMCID: PMC10383125 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae contributes to a range of infections, including meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, and sepsis. Infections by this bacterium have been associated with the phenomenon of molecular mimicry, which, in turn, may contribute to the induction of autoimmunity. In this study, we utilized a bioinformatics approach to investigate the potential for S. pneumoniae to incite autoimmunity via molecular mimicry. We identified 13 S. pneumoniae proteins that have significant sequence similarity to human proteins, with 11 of them linked to autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. Using in silico tools, we predicted the sequence as well as the structural homology among these proteins. Database mining was conducted to establish links between these proteins and autoimmune disorders. The antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic sequence mimics were employed to design and validate an immune response via vaccine construct design. Mimic-based vaccine construct can prove effective for immunization against the S. pneumoniae infections. Immune response simulation and binding affinity was assessed through the docking of construct C8 to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and TLR4 receptor, with promising results. Additionally, these mimics were mapped as conserved regions on their respective proteins, suggesting their functional importance in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. This study highlights the potential for S. pneumoniae to trigger autoimmunity via molecular mimicry and the possibility of vaccine design using these mimics for triggering defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, AlQuwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
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13
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D'Anna SE, Dossena F, Gnemmi I, Brun P, Spanevello A, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Maniscalco M, Ricciardolo FL, Balbi B, Di Stefano A. Bacterial load and related innate immune response in the bronchi of rapid decliners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2023:107297. [PMID: 37245650 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of COPD patients with rapid lung functional decline is of interest for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. We recently reported an impaired humoral immune response in rapid decliners. OBJECTIVE To determine the microbiota associated to markers of innate immune host response in COPD patients with rapid lung functional decline. METHODS In COPD patients monitored for at least 3 years (mean ± SD: 5.8 ± 3 years) for lung functional decline, the microbiota and related markers of immune response was measured in bronchial biopsies of patients with different lung functional decline (rate of FEV1% lung functional decline: no decline FEV1%, ≤20 ml/year n = 21, slow decline FEV1%, >20 ≤ 70 ml/year, n = 14 and rapid decline FEV1%, >70 ml/year, n = 15) using qPCR for microbiota and immunohistochemistry for cell-receptors and inflammatory markers. MAIN RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae were increased in rapid decliners vs slow decliners, S. pneumoniae was also increased compared to non decliners. In all patients, S. pneumoniae (copies/ml) positively correlated with pack-years consumption, lung function decline, TLR4, NOD1, NOD2 scored in bronchial epithelium and NOD1/mm2 in lamina propria. CONCLUSION These data show an imbalance of microbiota components in rapid decliners which is associated to the expression of the related cell-receptors in all COPD patients. These findings may help in the prognostic stratification and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestro Ennio D'Anna
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy.
| | - Francesca Dossena
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, VA, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Lm Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
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14
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Martins FRB, de Oliveira MD, Souza JAM, Queiroz-Junior CM, Lobo FP, Teixeira MM, Malacco NL, Soriani FM. Chronic ethanol exposure impairs alveolar leukocyte infiltration during pneumococcal pneumonia, leading to an increased bacterial burden despite increased CXCL1 and nitric oxide levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175275. [PMID: 37275853 PMCID: PMC10235596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol abuse is a risk factor for the development of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a critical pathogen for public health. The aim of this article was to investigate the inflammatory mechanisms involved in pneumococcal pneumonia that may be associated with chronic ethanol exposure. Male C57BL6/J-Unib mice were exposed to 20% (v/v) ethanol for twelve weeks and intranasally infected with 5x104 CFU of S. pneumoniae. Twenty-four hours after infection, lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood samples were obtained to assess the consequences of chronic ethanol exposure during infection. Alcohol-fed mice showed increased production of nitric oxide and CXCL1 in alveoli and plasma during pneumococcal pneumonia. Beside this, ethanol-treated mice exhibited a decrease in leukocyte infiltration into the alveoli and reduced frequency of severe lung inflammation, which was associated with an increase in bacterial load. Curiously, no changes were observed in survival after infection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that chronic ethanol exposure alters the inflammatory response during S. pneumoniae lung infection in mice with a reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate even in the presence of higher levels of the chemoattractant CXCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Rayssa Braga Martins
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maycon Douglas de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Amanda Marques Souza
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Marianetti Soriani
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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Bruserud Ø, Mosevoll KA, Bruserud Ø, Reikvam H, Wendelbo Ø. The Regulation of Neutrophil Migration in Patients with Sepsis: The Complexity of the Molecular Mechanisms and Their Modulation in Sepsis and the Heterogeneity of Sepsis Patients. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071003. [PMID: 37048076 PMCID: PMC10093057 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Common causes include gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi. Neutrophils are among the first cells to arrive at an infection site where they function as important effector cells of the innate immune system and as regulators of the host immune response. The regulation of neutrophil migration is therefore important both for the infection-directed host response and for the development of organ dysfunctions in sepsis. Downregulation of CXCR4/CXCL12 stimulates neutrophil migration from the bone marrow. This is followed by transmigration/extravasation across the endothelial cell barrier at the infection site; this process is directed by adhesion molecules and various chemotactic gradients created by chemotactic cytokines, lipid mediators, bacterial peptides, and peptides from damaged cells. These mechanisms of neutrophil migration are modulated by sepsis, leading to reduced neutrophil migration and even reversed migration that contributes to distant organ failure. The sepsis-induced modulation seems to differ between neutrophil subsets. Furthermore, sepsis patients should be regarded as heterogeneous because neutrophil migration will possibly be further modulated by the infecting microorganisms, antimicrobial treatment, patient age/frailty/sex, other diseases (e.g., hematological malignancies and stem cell transplantation), and the metabolic status. The present review describes molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of neutrophil migration; how these mechanisms are altered during sepsis; and how bacteria/fungi, antimicrobial treatment, and aging/frailty/comorbidity influence the regulation of neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Knut Anders Mosevoll
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Bruserud
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Wendelbo
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Ulriksdal 10, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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16
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Stotts C, Corrales-Medina VF, Rayner KJ. Pneumonia-Induced Inflammation, Resolution and Cardiovascular Disease: Causes, Consequences and Clinical Opportunities. Circ Res 2023; 132:751-774. [PMID: 36927184 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is inflammation in the lungs, which is usually caused by an infection. The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from mild to life-threatening, where severe illness is often observed in vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and those with preexisting health conditions. Vaccines have greatly reduced the burden of some of the most common causes of pneumonia, and the use of antimicrobials has greatly improved the survival to this infection. However, pneumonia survivors do not return to their preinfection health trajectories but instead experience an accelerated health decline with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms of this association are not well understood, but a persistent dysregulated inflammatory response post-pneumonia appears to play a central role. It is proposed that the inflammatory response during pneumonia is left unregulated and exacerbates atherosclerotic vascular disease, which ultimately leads to adverse cardiac events such as myocardial infarction. For this reason, there is a need to better understand the inflammatory cross talk between the lungs and the heart during and after pneumonia to develop therapeutics that focus on preventing pneumonia-associated cardiovascular events. This review will provide an overview of the known mechanisms of inflammation triggered during pneumonia and their relevance to the increased cardiovascular risk that follows this infection. We will also discuss opportunities for new clinical approaches leveraging strategies to promote inflammatory resolution pathways as a novel therapeutic target to reduce the risk of cardiac events post-pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Stotts
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R).,Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., V.F.C.-M.).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R)
| | - Vicente F Corrales-Medina
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., V.F.C.-M.).,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (V.F.C-M).,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (V.F.C.-M)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R)
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17
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Mosevoll KA, Hansen BA, Gundersen IM, Reikvam H, Bruserud Ø, Bruserud Ø, Wendelbo Ø. Systemic Metabolomic Profiles in Adult Patients with Bacterial Sepsis: Characterization of Patient Heterogeneity at the Time of Diagnosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020223. [PMID: 36830594 PMCID: PMC9953377 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that causes potentially life-threatening organ dysfunction. We investigated the serum metabolomic profile at hospital admission for patients with bacterial sepsis. The study included 60 patients; 35 patients fulfilled the most recent 2016 Sepsis-3 criteria whereas the remaining 25 patients only fulfilled the previous Sepsis-2 criteria and could therefore be classified as having systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A total of 1011 identified metabolites were detected in our serum samples. Ninety-seven metabolites differed significantly when comparing Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2/SIRS patients; 40 of these metabolites constituted a heterogeneous group of amino acid metabolites/peptides. When comparing patients with and without bacteremia, we identified 51 metabolites that differed significantly, including 16 lipid metabolites and 11 amino acid metabolites. Furthermore, 42 metabolites showed a highly significant association with the maximal total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA )score during the course of the disease (i.e., Pearson's correlation test, p-value < 0.005, and correlation factor > 0.6); these top-ranked metabolites included 23 amino acid metabolites and a subset of pregnenolone/progestin metabolites. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analyses based on all 42 top-ranked SOFA correlated metabolites or the subset of 23 top-ranked amino acid metabolites showed that most Sepsis-3 patients differed from Sepsis-2/SIRS patients in their systemic metabolic profile at the time of hospital admission. However, a minority of Sepsis-3 patients showed similarities with the Sepsis-2/SIRS metabolic profile even though several of them showed a high total SOFA score. To conclude, Sepsis-3 patients are heterogeneous with regard to their metabolic profile at the time of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Anders Mosevoll
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bent Are Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Central Hospital for Sogn and Fjordane, 6812 Førde, Norway
| | - Ingunn Margareetta Gundersen
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Bruserud
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Øystein Wendelbo
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Ulriksdal 10, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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18
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Zamboni F, Wong CK, Collins MN. Hyaluronic acid association with bacterial, fungal and viral infections: Can hyaluronic acid be used as an antimicrobial polymer for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications? Bioact Mater 2023; 19:458-473. [PMID: 35574061 PMCID: PMC9079116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between hyaluronic acid (HA) and pathological microorganisms incite new understandings on microbial infection, tissue penetration, disease progression and lastly, potential treatments. These understandings are important for the advancement of next generation antimicrobial therapeutical strategies for the control of healthcare-associated infections. Herein, this review will focus on the interplay between HA, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review will also comprehensively detail and discuss the antimicrobial activity displayed by various HA molecular weights for a variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including microbiology, pharmaceutics, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Zamboni
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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19
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Matsuyama S, Komatsu K, Lee BC, Tasaki Y, Miyata M, Xu H, Shuto T, Kai H, Li JD. Negative Cross-Talk between TLR2/4-Independent AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-Dependent JNK Regulates S. pneumoniae-Induced Mucosal Innate Immune Response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1532-1544. [PMID: 36165197 PMCID: PMC9659420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is major cause of otitis media (OM) and life-threatening pneumonia. Overproduction of mucin, the major component of mucus, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both OM and pneumonia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tight regulation of mucin upregulation in the mucosal epithelium by S. pneumoniae infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that S. pneumoniae pneumolysin (PLY) activates AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1), the master regulator of energy homeostasis, which is required for S. pneumoniae-induced mucin MUC5AC upregulation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that PLY activates AMPKα1 via cholesterol-dependent membrane binding of PLY and subsequent activation of the Ca2+- Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and Cdc42-mixed-lineage protein kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling axis in a TLR2/4-independent manner. AMPKα1 positively regulates PLY-induced MUC5AC expression via negative cross-talk with TLR2/4-dependent activation of MAPK JNK, the negative regulator of MUC5AC expression. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AMPKα1 suppressed MUC5AC induction in the S. pneumoniae-induced OM mouse model, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential in suppressing mucus overproduction in OM. Taken together, our data unveil a novel mechanism by which negative cross-talk between TLR2/4-independent activation of AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-dependent activation of JNK tightly regulates the S. pneumoniae PLY-induced host mucosal innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsuyama
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Kensei Komatsu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Byung-Cheol Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Yukihiro Tasaki
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Masanori Miyata
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Haidong Xu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
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20
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Liu C, Makrinioti H, Saglani S, Bowman M, Lin LL, Camargo CA, Hasegawa K, Zhu Z. Microbial dysbiosis and childhood asthma development: Integrated role of the airway and gut microbiome, environmental exposures, and host metabolic and immune response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028209. [PMID: 36248891 PMCID: PMC9561420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous respiratory disease with many risk factors that typically originate during early childhood. A complex interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition is considered to shape the lung and gut microbiome in early life. The growing literature has identified that changes in the relative abundance of microbes (microbial dysbiosis) and reduced microbial diversity, as triggers of the airway-gut axis crosstalk dysregulation, are associated with asthma development. There are several mechanisms underlying microbial dysbiosis to childhood asthma development pathways. For example, a bacterial infection in the airway of infants can lead to the activation and/or dysregulation of inflammatory pathways that contribute to bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In addition, gut microbial dysbiosis in infancy can affect immune development and differentiation, resulting in a suboptimal balance between innate and adaptive immunity. This evolving dysregulation of secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators has been associated with persistent airway inflammation and subsequent asthma development. In this review, we examine current evidence around associations between the airway and gut microbial dysbiosis with childhood asthma development. More specifically, this review focuses on discussing the integrated roles of environmental exposures, host metabolic and immune responses, airway and gut microbial dysbiosis in driving childhood asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Liu
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Conglin Liu, ; Zhaozhong Zhu,
| | | | - Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bowman
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Conglin Liu, ; Zhaozhong Zhu,
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21
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Balachandran Y, Singh B. Toll-like receptor 10 has a role in human macrophage response against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:51-57. [PMID: 35867184 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition receptors, and play a critical role in early response against invading pathogens. Even though TLRs have been widely studied, very little is known about the expression and function of TLR10. Till date, neither any data are available on expression of TLR10 in human lungs nor there is any information on function of TLR10 in macrophages. Streptococcus pneumoniae are Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, and major causative agent of pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, and meningitis. We examined the role of TLR10 in innate immune response to S. pneumoniae infection in U937 cell line-derived human macrophages. We found a significant increase in TLR10 mRNA and protein expression in S. pneumoniae challenged macrophages. TLR10 knockdown resulted in significant reduction of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α but not IL-10 expression in infected macrophages. TLR10 knockdown in macrophages reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB during S. pneumoniae challenge but did not affect the phagocytosis of the bacteria. Taken together, we report the first data on TLR10's role in macrophage response against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu Balachandran
- Pulmonary Pathobiology Lab, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Baljit Singh
- Pulmonary Pathobiology Lab, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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22
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Han L, Zhang F, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhang Q, Ye X, Song H, Zheng C, Han B. Uterus globulin associated protein 1 (UGRP1) binds podoplanin (PDPN) to promote a novel inflammation pathway during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e850. [PMID: 35652821 PMCID: PMC9161880 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major cause of life‐threatening infections. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and NOD‐like receptors (NLRs) could recognise S. pneumoniae and regulate the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. UGRP1, highly expressed in lung, is predominantly secreted in airways. However, the function of UGRP1 in pneumonia is mainly unknown. Methods and results We showed that upon TLR2/TLR4/NOD2 agonists stimulation or S. pneumoniae infection, treatment with UGRP1 could promote phosphorylation of p65 and enhance IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNFα production in macrophages. We further elucidated that after binding with cell‐surface receptor PDPN, UGRP1 could activate RhoA to enhance interaction of IKKγ and IKKβ, which slightly activated NF‐κB to improve expression of TLR2, MyD88, NOD2 and NLRP3. Deletion of UGRP1 or blocking UGRP1 interaction with PDPN protected mice against S. pneumoniae‐induced severe pneumococcal pneumonia, and activating RhoA with agonist in UGRP1‐deficient mice restored the reduced IL‐6 production. Conclusion We demonstrated that UGRP1–PDPN–RhoA signaling could activate NF‐κB to promote expression of TLR2, MyD88, NOD2 and NLRP3, which enhanced inflammatory cytokines secretion during S. pneumoniae infection. Antibodies, which could interrupt interaction of UGRP1 and PDPN, are potential therapeutics against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Respiration, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Ye
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaidong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Zheng
- Department of Respiration, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Hulsebus HJ, Najarro KM, McMahan RH, Boe DM, Orlicky DJ, Kovacs EJ. Ethanol Intoxication Impairs Respiratory Function and Bacterial Clearance and Is Associated With Neutrophil Accumulation in the Lung After Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884719. [PMID: 35603143 PMCID: PMC9116899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is commonplace in the United States and its prevalence has increased in recent years. Excessive alcohol use is linked to an increased risk of infections including pneumococcal pneumonia, mostly commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, pneumonia patients with prior alcohol use often require more intensive treatment and longer hospital stays due to complications of infection. The initial respiratory tract immune response to S. pneumoniae includes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by resident cells in the upper and lower airways which activate and recruit leukocytes to the site of infection. However, this inflammation must be tightly regulated to avoid accumulation of toxic by-products and subsequent tissue damage. A majority of previous work on alcohol and pneumonia involve animal models utilizing high concentrations of ethanol or chronic exposure and offer conflicting results about how ethanol alters immunity to pathogens. Further, animal models often employ a high bacterial inoculum which may overwhelm the immune system and obscure results, limiting their applicability to the course of human infection. Here, we sought to determine how a more moderate ethanol exposure paradigm affects respiratory function and innate immunity in mice after intranasal infection with 104 colony forming units of S. pneumoniae. Ethanol-exposed mice displayed respiratory dysfunction and impaired bacterial clearance after infection compared to their vehicle-exposed counterparts. This altered response was associated with increased gene expression of neutrophil chemokines Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 in whole lung homogenates, elevated concentrations of circulating granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and higher neutrophil numbers in the lung 24 hours after infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that even a more moderate ethanol consumption pattern can dramatically modulate the innate immune response to S. pneumoniae after only 3 days of ethanol exposure and provide insight into possible mechanisms related to the compromised respiratory immunity seen in alcohol consumers with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Hulsebus
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kevin M Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Devin M Boe
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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24
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Palmer CS, Kimmey JM. Neutrophil Recruitment in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:894644. [PMID: 35646729 PMCID: PMC9136017 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.894644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is the primary agent of community-acquired pneumonia. Neutrophils are innate immune cells that are essential for bacterial clearance during pneumococcal pneumonia but can also do harm to host tissue. Neutrophil migration in pneumococcal pneumonia is therefore a major determinant of host disease outcomes. During Spn infection, detection of the bacterium leads to an increase in proinflammatory signals and subsequent expression of integrins and ligands on both the neutrophil as well as endothelial and epithelial cells. These integrins and ligands mediate the tethering and migration of the neutrophil from the bloodstream to the site of infection. A gradient of host-derived and bacterial-derived chemoattractants contribute to targeted movement of neutrophils. During pneumococcal pneumonia, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the pulmonary space, but studies show that some of the canonical neutrophil migratory machinery is dispensable. Investigation of neutrophil migration is necessary for us to understand the dynamics of pneumococcal infection. Here, we summarize what is known about the pathways that lead to migration of the neutrophil from the capillaries to the lung during pneumococcal infection.
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25
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Sun X, Wang D, Ding L, Xu Y, Qi W, Zhao D, Liu L, Yin C, Cui C, Wang Z, Sun L, Sun L. Activation of Autophagy Through the NLRP3/mTOR Pathway: A Potential Mechanism for Alleviation of Pneumonia by QingFei Yin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:763160. [PMID: 35111047 PMCID: PMC8802069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
QingFei Yin (QFY), a Chinese traditional medicine recipe, is known for its excellent therapeutic pharmacological effects for the treatment of bacterial lung infections, although its molecular mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, QFY chemical composition was determined using a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass (HPLC-MS/MS)-based method then QFY was evaluated for protective pharmacological effects against pneumonia using two models: a Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced in vivo mouse model and an in vitro pneumolysin (PLY)-induced murine lung alveolar-derived MH-S cell line-based model. Notably, QFY exerted prominent anti-pneumonia effects both in vivo and in vitro. To further explore QFY protective effects, 4D label-free proteomics analysis, pathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis were conducted to identify cellular pathways involved in QFY protection. Notably, our results indicated that NF-κB/NLRP3 and autophagy pathways may contribute to pharmacological effects associated with QFY-based protection. Briefly, QFY triggered autophagy via down-regulation of upstream NLRP3/mTOR signaling pathway events, resulting in the amelioration of inflammatory injury. Collectively, our results revealed molecular mechanisms underlying QFY protection against pneumonia as a foundation for the future development of novel treatments to combat this disease and reduce antibiotic abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lizhong Ding
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changsheng Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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26
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Xu B, Yang R, Yang B, Li L, Chen J, Fu J, Qu X, Huo D, Tan C, Chen H, Peng Z, Wang X. Long non-coding RNA lncC11orf54-1 modulates neuroinflammatory responses by activating NF-κB signaling during meningitic Escherichia coli infection. Mol Brain 2022; 15:4. [PMID: 34980188 PMCID: PMC8722204 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative pathogenic bacterium causing meningitis. It penetrates the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, which are vital events leading to the development of meningitis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory signaling, and our previous study showed that E. coli can induce differential expression of lncRNAs, including lncC11orf54-1, in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs). The hBMECs constitute the structural and functional basis for the BBB, however, it is unclear whether lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses of hBMECs during meningitic E. coli infection. In this study, we characterized an abundantly expressed lncRNA, lncC11orf54-1, which was degraded by translocated coilin to produce mgU2-19 and mgU2-30 in hBMECs during E. coli infection. Functionally, lncC11orf54-1-originated non-coding RNA mgU2-30 interacted with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) to induce its oligomerization and autophosphorylation, thus promoting the activation of NF-κB signaling and facilitating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, our study uncovers the involvement of lncC11orf54-1 in IRAK1–NF-κB signaling, and it functions as a positive regulator of inflammatory responses in meningitic E. coli-induced neuroinflammation, which may be a valuable therapeutic and diagnostic target for bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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27
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Maguire PT, Loughran ST, Harvey R, Johnson PA. A TLR5 mono-agonist restores inhibited immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae during influenza virus infection in human monocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258261. [PMID: 34644311 PMCID: PMC8513880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) predisposes individuals to often more severe secondary bacterial infections with Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae). The outcomes of these infections may be made worse with the increase in antimicrobial resistance and a lack of new treatments to combat this. Th17 responses are crucial in clearing S. pneumoniae from the lung. We previously demonstrated that early IAV infection of human monocytes significantly reduced levels of S. pneumoniae-driven cytokines involved in the Th17 response. Here, we have further identified that IAV targets specific TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, TLR9) involved in sensing S. pneumoniae infection resulting, in a reduction in TLR agonist-induced IL-23 and TGF-β. The effect of IAV is more profound on the TLR2 and TLR9 pathways. We have established that IAV-mediated inhibition of TLR9-induction is related to a downregulation of RORC, a Th17 specific transcription factor. Other studies using mouse models demonstrated that TLR5 agonism improved the efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of IAV/S. pneumoniae co-infections. Therefore, we investigated if TLR5 agonism could restore inhibited Th17 responses in human monocytes. Levels of pneumococcus-driven cytokines, which had previously been inhibited by IAV were not reduced in the presence of the TLR5 mono-agonist, suggesting that such treatment may overcome IAV inhibition of Th17 responses. The importance of our research is in demonstrating the IAV directly targets S. pneumoniae-associated TLR pathways. Additionally, the IAV-inhibition of Th17 responses can be restored by TLR5 agonism, which indicates that there may be a different Th17 signalling pathway which is not affected by IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula T Maguire
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad T Loughran
- Department of Applied Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Ruth Harvey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A Johnson
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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de Porto AP, Liu Z, de Beer R, Florquin S, Roelofs JJTH, de Boer OJ, den Haan JMM, Hendriks RW, van 't Veer C, van der Poll T, de Vos AF. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Signaling in Myeloid Cells Is Required for Protective Innate Immunity During Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723967. [PMID: 34552589 PMCID: PMC8450579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic kinase expressed in B cells and myeloid cells. It is essential for B cell development and natural antibody-mediated host defense against bacteria in humans and mice, but little is known about the role of Btk in innate host defense in vivo. Previous studies have indicated that lack of (natural) antibodies is paramount for impaired host defense against Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae in patients and mice with a deficiency in functional Btk. In the present study, we re-examined the role of Btk in B cells and myeloid cells during pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis in mice. The antibacterial defense of Btk-/- mice was severely impaired during pneumococcal pneumosepsis and restoration of natural antibody production in Btk-/- mice by transgenic expression of Btk specifically in B cells did not suffice to protect against infection. Btk-/- mice with reinforced Btk expression in MhcII+ cells, including B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, showed improved antibacterial defense as compared to Btk-/- mice. Bacterial outgrowth in Lysmcre-Btkfl/Y mice was unaltered despite a reduced capacity of Btk-deficient alveolar macrophages to respond to pneumococci. Mrp8cre-Btkfl/Y mice with a neutrophil specific paucity in Btk expression, however, demonstrated impaired antibacterial defense. Neutrophils of Mrp8cre-Btkfl/Y mice displayed reduced release of granule content after pulmonary installation of lipoteichoic acid, a gram-positive bacterial cell wall component relevant for pneumococci. Moreover, Btk deficient neutrophils showed impaired degranulation and phagocytosis upon incubation with pneumococci ex vivo. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that besides regulating B cell-mediated immunity, Btk is critical for regulation of myeloid cell-mediated, and particularly neutrophil-mediated, innate host defense against S. pneumoniae in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P de Porto
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhe Liu
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina de Beer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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29
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Patel S, Tucker HR, Gogoi H, Mansouri S, Jin L. cGAS-STING and MyD88 Pathways Synergize in Ly6C hi Monocyte to Promote Streptococcus pneumoniae-Induced Late-Stage Lung IFNγ Production. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699702. [PMID: 34512626 PMCID: PMC8427188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) pathway senses DNA and induces type I interferon (IFN) production. Whether and how the STING pathway crosstalk to other innate immune pathways during pathogen infection, however, remains unclear. Here, we showed that STING was needed for Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced late, not early, stage of lung IFNγ production. Using knockout mice, IFNγ reporter mice, intracellular cytokine staining, and adoptive cell transfer, we showed that cGAS–STING-dependent lung IFNγ production was independent of type I IFNs. Furthermore, STING expression in monocyte/monocyte-derived cells governed IFNγ production in the lung via the production of IL-12p70. Surprisingly, DNA stimulation alone could not induce IL-12p70 or IFNγ in Ly6Chi monocyte. The production of IFNγ required the activation by both DNA and heat-killed S. pneumococcus. Accordingly, MyD88−/− monocyte did not generate IL-12p70 or IFNγ. In summary, the cGAS–STING pathway synergizes with the MyD88 pathway in monocyte to promote late-stage lung IFNγ production during pulmonary pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Heidi R Tucker
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Samira Mansouri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lei Jin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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30
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Bastos PAD, Wheeler R, Boneca IG. Uptake, recognition and responses to peptidoglycan in the mammalian host. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5902851. [PMID: 32897324 PMCID: PMC7794044 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota, and the plethora of signalling molecules that they generate, are a major driving force that underlies a striking range of inter-individual physioanatomic and behavioural consequences for the host organism. Among the bacterial effectors, one finds peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the bacterial cell surface. In the steady-state, fragments of peptidoglycan are constitutively liberated from bacterial members of the gut microbiota, cross the gut epithelial barrier and enter the host system. The fate of these peptidoglycan fragments, and the outcome for the host, depends on the molecular nature of the peptidoglycan, as well the cellular profile of the recipient tissue, mechanism of cell entry, the expression of specific processing and recognition mechanisms by the cell, and the local immune context. At the target level, physiological processes modulated by peptidoglycan are extremely diverse, ranging from immune activation to small molecule metabolism, autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we bring together a fragmented body of literature on the kinetics and dynamics of peptidoglycan interactions with the mammalian host, explaining how peptidoglycan functions as a signalling molecule in the host under physiological conditions, how it disseminates within the host, and the cellular responses to peptidoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A D Bastos
- Institut Pasteur, Biology and genetics of the bacterial cell wall Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724, France; CNRS, UMR 2001 "Microbiologie intégrative et moléculaire", Paris 75015, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Richard Wheeler
- Institut Pasteur, Biology and genetics of the bacterial cell wall Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724, France; CNRS, UMR 2001 "Microbiologie intégrative et moléculaire", Paris 75015, France.,Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France; INSERM UMR 1015, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Ivo G Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Biology and genetics of the bacterial cell wall Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724, France; CNRS, UMR 2001 "Microbiologie intégrative et moléculaire", Paris 75015, France
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31
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Xu D, Wu X, Peng L, Chen T, Huang Q, Wang Y, Ye C, Peng Y, Hu D, Fang R. The Critical Role of NLRP6 Inflammasome in Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083876. [PMID: 33918100 PMCID: PMC8069100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) causes severe pulmonary diseases, leading to high morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that inflammasomes such as NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) play an important role in the host defense against S. pneumoniae infection. However, the role of NLRP6 in vivo and in vitro against S. pneumoniae remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of NLRP6 in regulating the S. pneumoniae-induced inflammatory signaling pathway in vitro and the role of NLRP6 in the host defense against S. pneumoniae in vivo by using NLRP6−/− mice. The results showed that the NLRP6 inflammasome regulated the maturation and secretion of IL-1β, but it did not affect the induction of IL-1β transcription in S. pneumoniae-infected macrophages. Furthermore, the activation of caspase-1, caspase-11, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) as well as the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) were also mediated by NLRP6 in S. pneumoniae-infected macrophages. However, the activation of NLRP6 reduced the expression of NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways in S. pneumoniae-infected macrophages. In vivo study showed that NLRP6−/− mice had a higher survival rate, lower number of bacteria, and milder inflammatory response in the lung compared with wild-type (WT) mice during S. pneumoniae infection, indicating that NLRP6 plays a negative role in the host defense against S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, increased bacterial clearance in NLRP6 deficient mice was modulated by the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. Our study provides a new insight on S. pneumoniae-induced activation of NLRP6 and suggests that blocking NLRP6 could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Xingping Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Lianci Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Tingting Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Qingyuan Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Chao Ye
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Dongliang Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
- Department of Zoonoses, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Rendong Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.X.); (X.W.); (L.P.); (T.C.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.P.); (D.H.)
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-23-68251196
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32
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Pérez-Cruz M, Koné B, Porte R, Carnoy C, Tabareau J, Gosset P, Trottein F, Sirard JC, Pichavant M, Gosset P. The Toll-Like Receptor 5 agonist flagellin prevents Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced infection in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236216. [PMID: 33784296 PMCID: PMC8009382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The major bacterial cause of COPD exacerbations is non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). 25 to over 80% of cases are associated with NTHi. This susceptibility to infection involves a defective production of interleukin (IL)-22 which plays an important role in mucosal defense. Prophylactic administration of flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, protects healthy mice against respiratory pathogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that TLR5-mediated stimulation of lung immunity might prevent COPD exacerbations. Mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), which presented COPD symptoms, were infected with NTHi and intraperitoneally treated with recombinant flagellin following a prophylactic or therapeutic protocol. Compared with control, cigarette smoke-exposed mice treated with flagellin showed a lower bacterial load in the airways, the lungs and the blood. This protection was associated with an early neutrophilia, a lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increased IL-22 production. Flagellin treatment decreased the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the lung damages related to exacerbation. Morover, the protective effect of flagellin against NTHi was altered by treatment with anti-IL-22 blocking antibodies in cigarette smoke-exposed mice and in Il22-/- mice. The effect of flagellin treatment did not implicated the anti-bacterial peptides calgranulins and defensin-β2. This study shows that stimulation of innate immunity by a TLR5 ligand is a potent antibacterial treatment in CS-exposed mice, suggesting innovative therapeutic strategies against acute exacerbation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bachirou Koné
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rémi Porte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julien Tabareau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Service d’Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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33
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Domon H, Terao Y. The Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Elastase in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:615959. [PMID: 33796475 PMCID: PMC8008068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.615959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive diplococcus and a major human pathogen. This bacterium is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and septicemia, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, studies on S. pneumoniae have mainly focused on the role of its virulence factors including toxins, cell surface proteins, and capsules. However, accumulating evidence indicates that in addition to these studies, knowledge of host factors and host-pathogen interactions is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of pneumococcal diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil accumulation, which is generally considered to play a critical role in host defense during bacterial infections, can significantly contribute to lung injury and immune subversion, leading to pneumococcal invasion of the bloodstream. Here, we review bacterial and host factors, focusing on the role of neutrophils and their elastase, which contribute to the progression of pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Bhattacharyya A, Herta T, Conrad C, Frey D, García P, Suttorp N, Hippenstiel S, Zahlten J. Induction of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Mediates Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Activation in Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:582070. [PMID: 33613460 PMCID: PMC7887292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are of central importance for the elimination of pathogens in bacterial infections. We investigated the Streptococcus pneumoniae-dependent induction of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 4 in PMNs as a potential regulator of PMN activation. We found that KLF4 expression is induced in human blood-derived PMNs in a time- and dose-dependent manner by wild-type S. pneumoniae and capsule knockout mutants. Unencapsulated knockout mutants induced stronger KLF4 expression than encapsulated wild types. The presence of autolysin LytA-competent (thus viable) pneumococci and LytA-mediated bacterial autolysis were required for KLF4 induction in human and murine PMNs. LyzMcre-mediated knockdown of KLF4 in murine blood-derived PMNs revealed that KLF4 influences pneumococci killing and increases the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and keratinocyte chemoattractant and decreases the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Thus, S. pneumoniae induces KLF4 expression in PMNs, which contributes to PMN activation in S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Bhattacharyya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni Herta
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Conrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Frey
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pedro García
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Zahlten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Macrophage LC3-associated phagocytosis is an immune defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae that diminishes with host aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33561-33569. [PMID: 33376222 PMCID: PMC7776987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015368117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and invasive disease, particularly, in the elderly. S. pneumoniae lung infection of aged mice is associated with high bacterial burdens and detrimental inflammatory responses. Macrophages can clear microorganisms and modulate inflammation through two distinct lysosomal trafficking pathways that involve 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-marked organelles, canonical autophagy, and LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). The S. pneumoniae pore-forming toxin pneumolysin (PLY) triggers an autophagic response in nonphagocytic cells, but the role of LAP in macrophage defense against S. pneumoniae or in age-related susceptibility to infection is unexplored. We found that infection of murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by PLY-producing S. pneumoniae triggered Atg5- and Atg7-dependent recruitment of LC3 to S. pneumoniae-containing vesicles. The association of LC3 with S. pneumoniae-containing phagosomes required components specific for LAP, such as Rubicon and the NADPH oxidase, but not factors, such as Ulk1, FIP200, or Atg14, required specifically for canonical autophagy. In addition, S. pneumoniae was sequestered within single-membrane compartments indicative of LAP. Importantly, compared to BMDMs from young (2-mo-old) mice, BMDMs from aged (20- to 22-mo-old) mice infected with S. pneumoniae were not only deficient in LAP and bacterial killing, but also produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of LAP enhanced S. pneumoniae survival and cytokine responses in BMDMs from young but not aged mice. Thus, LAP is an important innate immune defense employed by BMDMs to control S. pneumoniae infection and concomitant inflammation, one that diminishes with age and may contribute to age-related susceptibility to this important pathogen.
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Hollwedel FD, Maus R, Stolper J, Khan A, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM, Lu X, Pich A, Welte T, Yamasaki S, Maus UA. Overexpression of Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin Mincle Aggravates Proinflammatory Responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae with Fatal Outcome in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3390-3399. [PMID: 33158955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle)-dependent sensing of pathogens triggers proinflammatory immune responses in professional phagocytes that contribute to protecting the host against pathogen invasion. In this study, we examined whether overexpression of Mincle that is designed to improve early pathogen sensing by professional phagocytes would improve lung-protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice. Proteomic profiling of alveolar macrophages of Mincle transgenic (tg) mice stimulated with the Mincle-specific pneumococcal ligand glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG) revealed increased Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and downstream IL-1β cytokine release that was not observed in Glc-DAG-stimulated Mincle knockout or Nlrp3 knockout macrophages. Along this line, Mincle tg mice also responded with a stronger Nlrp3 expression and early proinflammatory cytokine release after challenge with S. pneumoniae, ultimately leading to fatal pneumonia in the Mincle tg mice. Importantly, Nlrp3 inhibitor treatment of Mincle tg mice significantly mitigated the observed hyperinflammatory response to pneumococcal challenge. Together, we show that overexpression of the pattern recognition receptor Mincle triggers increased Glc-DAG-dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in professional phagocytes leading to fatal pneumococcal pneumonia in mice that is amenable to Nlrp3 inhibitor treatment. These data show that ectopic expression of the Mincle receptor confers increased susceptibility rather than resistance to S. pneumoniae in mice, thus highlighting the importance of an inducible Mincle receptor expression in response to microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke D Hollwedel
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Ayesha Khan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Xiuyuan Lu
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover 30625, Germany; and.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; .,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover 30625, Germany; and
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Deniz R, Çağatay AA, Gül A. Letter: is pneumococcal vaccination safe during the COVID-19 pandemic? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:919-920. [PMID: 32852816 PMCID: PMC7436511 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Al‐Ani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15940
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Deniz
- Department of Internal MedicineIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Arif Atahan Çağatay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical MicrobiologyIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Division of RheumathologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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Chen YW, Huang MZ, Chen CL, Kuo CY, Yang CY, Chiang-Ni C, Chen YYM, Hsieh CM, Wu HY, Kuo ML, Chiu CH, Lai CH. PM 2.5 impairs macrophage functions to exacerbate pneumococcus-induced pulmonary pathogenesis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:37. [PMID: 32753046 PMCID: PMC7409448 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumococcus is one of the most common human airway pathogens that causes life-threatening infections. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is known to significantly contribute to respiratory diseases. PM2.5-induced airway inflammation may decrease innate immune defenses against bacterial infection. However, there is currently limited information available regarding the effect of PM2.5 exposure on molecular interactions between pneumococcus and macrophages. Results PM2.5 exposure hampered macrophage functions, including phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine production, in response to pneumococcal infection. In a PM2.5-exposed pneumococcus-infected mouse model, PM2.5 subverted the pulmonary immune response and caused leukocyte infiltration. Further, PM2.5 exposure suppressed the levels of CXCL10 and its receptor, CXCR3, by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Conclusions The effect of PM2.5 exposure on macrophage activity enhances pneumococcal infectivity and aggravates pulmonary pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ying Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ywan M Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lindhauer NS, Bertrams W, Pöppel A, Herkt CE, Wesener A, Hoffmann K, Greene B, Van Der Linden M, Vilcinskas A, Seidel K, Schmeck B. Antibacterial activity of a Tribolium castaneum defensin in an in vitro infection model of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Virulence 2020; 10:902-909. [PMID: 31657264 PMCID: PMC6844301 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1685150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Increasing rates of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae strains impair therapy and necessitate alternative treatment options. In this study, we analysed insect-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for antibacterial effects on S. pneumoniae in a human in vitro infection model. AMP effects on bacterial growth were examined by colony forming unit (CFU)-assays, and growth curve measurements. Furthermore, cytotoxicity to primary human macrophages was detected by measuring lactate-dehydrogenase release to the supernatant. One AMP (Defensin 1) was tested in a model of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with S. pneumoniae strain D39 and a multi-resistant clinical isolate. Inflammatory reactions were characterised by qPCR and multiplex-ELISA. In total, the antibacterial effects of 23 AMPs were characterized. Only Tribolium castaneum Defensin 1 showed significant antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae strain D39 and a multi-resistant clinical isolate. During in vitro infection of primary human macrophages with S. pneumoniae D39, Defensin 1 displayed strong antibacterial effects, and consequently reduced bacteria-induced cytokine expression and release. In summary, Tribolium castaneum Defensin 1 showed profound antibacterial effectivity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 and a multi-resistant clinical isolate without unwanted cytotoxic or inflammatory side effects on human blood-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Lindhauer
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Pöppel
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina E Herkt
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Andre Wesener
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoffmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Brandon Greene
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mark Van Der Linden
- German National Reference Center for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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40
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Koné B, Pérez‐Cruz M, Porte R, Hennegrave F, Carnoy C, Gosset P, Trottein F, Sirard J, Pichavant M, Gosset P. Boosting the IL-22 response using flagellin prevents bacterial infection in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:171-186. [PMID: 32324274 PMCID: PMC7366752 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung inflammatory disease being the fourth cause of death worldwide, is marked by acute exacerbations. These episodes are mainly caused by bacterial infections, frequently due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. This susceptibility to infection involves a defect in interleukin (IL)-22, which plays a pivotal role in mucosal defense mechanism. Administration of flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) agonist, can protect mice and primates against respiratory infections in a non-pathological background. We hypothesized that TLR-5-mediated stimulation of innate immunity might improve the development of bacteria-induced exacerbations in a COPD context. Mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), mimicking COPD symptoms, are infected with S. pneumoniae, and treated in a preventive and a delayed manner with flagellin. Both treatments induced a lower bacterial load in the lungs and blood, and strongly reduced the inflammation and lung lesions associated with the infection. This protection implicated an enhanced production of IL-22 and involved the recirculation of soluble factors secreted by spleen cells. This is also associated with higher levels of the S100A8 anti-microbial peptide in the lung. Furthermore, human mononuclear cells from non-smokers were able to respond to recombinant flagellin by increasing IL-22 production while active smoker cells do not, a defect associated with an altered IL-23 production. This study shows that stimulation of innate immunity by a TLR-5 ligand reduces CS-induced susceptibility to bacterial infection in mice, and should be considered in therapeutic strategies against COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Koné
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - M. Pérez‐Cruz
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - R. Porte
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - F. Hennegrave
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Carnoy
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - P. Gosset
- Service d’Anatomo‐pathologieHôpital Saint Vincent de PaulLilleFrance
| | - F. Trottein
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - J.‐C. Sirard
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - M. Pichavant
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - P. Gosset
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
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41
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Zhao S, Zhang Z, Xu D, Wang Y, Li L. Selective Loss of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exacerbates Brain Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation in Experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1357. [PMID: 32676082 PMCID: PMC7333737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is a life-threatening bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and its unfavorable prognosis usually results from an intense inflammatory response. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in CNS diseases; however, the distinct contribution of BDNF to pneumococcal meningitis (PM) remains unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of endogenous BDNF on the inflammatory response and brain damage in experimental PM. We used Camk2a-CreERT2 mice to delete Bdnf from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and meningitis was induced by intracisternal infection with S. pneumoniae. Clinical parameters were assessed during acute meningitis. At 24 h post-infection, histopathology, neutrophil granulocytes infiltration, and microglia/macrophage proliferation of brain tissues were evaluated. Additionally, cortical damage and hippocampal apoptosis were assessed using Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-nick-end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Key molecules associated with the related signaling pathways were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blot. To investigate the role of microglia/macrophage in infected BDNF conditional knockout mice, GW2580 was used for microglia/macrophage depletion. Here, we, for the first time, found that BDNF conditional knockouts exhibited more profound clinical impairment, pathological severity, and neuron injury and enhanced microglia/macrophage proliferation than were observed in their littermate controls. Furthermore, the BDNF conditional knockouts showed an obviously increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6). Mechanistically, loss of BDNF activated TLR2- and NOD2-mediated downstream nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways associated with S. pneumoniae infection. Furthermore, targeted depletion of microglia/macrophage population decreased the resistance of mice to PM with diminishing neuroinflammation in BDNF conditional knockouts. Our findings suggest that loss of BDNF may enhance the inflammatory response and contribute to brain injury during PM at least partially by modulating TLR2- and NOD2-mediated signaling pathways, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for future interventions in bacterial meningitis pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Nucleic Acid-Sensing Toll-Like Receptors Play a Dominant Role in Innate Immune Recognition of Pneumococci. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00415-20. [PMID: 32209688 PMCID: PMC7157524 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00415-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (or pneumococcus) is a highly prevalent human pathogen. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as immune sensors that can trigger host defenses against this bacterium. Defects in TLR-activated signaling pathways, including deficiency in the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), are associated with markedly increased susceptibility to infection. However, the individual MyD88-dependent TLRs predominantly involved in antipneumococcal defenses have not been identified yet. Here we find that triple knockout mice simultaneously lacking TLR7, TLR9, and TLR13, which sense the presence of bacterial DNA (TLR9) and RNA (TLR7 and TLR13) in the phagolysosomes of phagocytic cells, display a phenotype that largely resembles that of MyD88-deficient mice and rapidly succumb to pneumococcal pneumonitis due to defective neutrophil influx into the lung. Accordingly, TLR7/9/13 triple knockout resident alveolar macrophages were largely unable to respond to pneumococci with the production of neutrophil-attracting chemokines and cytokines. Mice with single deficiencies of TLR7, TLR9, or TLR13 showed unaltered ability to control lung infection but were moderately more susceptible to encephalitis, in association with a decreased ability of microglia to mount cytokine responses in vitro Our data point to a dominant, tissue-specific role of nucleic acid-sensing pathways in innate immune recognition of S. pneumoniae and also show that endosomal TLRs are largely capable of compensating for the absence of each other, which seems crucial to prevent pneumococci from escaping immune recognition. These results may be useful to develop novel strategies to treat infections by antibiotic-resistant pneumococci based on stimulation of the innate immune system.IMPORTANCE The pneumococcus is a bacterium that frequently causes infections in the lungs, ears, sinus cavities, and meninges. During these infections, body defenses are triggered by tissue-resident cells that use specialized receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), to sense the presence of bacteria. We show here that pneumococci are predominantly detected by TLRs that are located inside intracellular vacuoles, including endosomes, where these receptors can sense the presence of nucleic acids released from ingested bacteria. Mice that simultaneously lacked three of these receptors (specifically, TLR7, TLR9, and TLR13) were extremely susceptible to lung infection and rapidly died after inhalation of pneumococci. Moreover, tissue-resident macrophages from these mice were impaired in their ability to respond to the presence of pneumococci by producing inflammatory mediators capable of recruiting polymorphonuclear leucocytes to infection sites. This information may be useful to develop drugs to treat pneumococcal infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant strains.
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43
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Association of SPOP Expression with the Immune Response to Salmonella Infection in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020307. [PMID: 32075044 PMCID: PMC7070279 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella frequently causes human illness via the consumption of contaminated meat or eggs. At present, studies about how the host immune response against Salmonella is regulated are limited. Speckle-type POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) protein (SPOP) is a specific adaptor of Cul3-based ubiquitin ligase, which catalyzes the ubiquitination and degrades the substrates. However, its role in the immune response is still unknown. Therefore, this study measured expression of SPOP and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-8 in chicken macrophage cells stimulated with a bacterial substitute and assessed their relationship using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We then validated the results in chickens infected with Salmonella. Notably, SPOP expression gradually decreased and then gradually increased in cells after challenging the bacterial substitute, indicating its potential involvement in the regulation of the immune response. Additionally, SPOP expression was negatively correlated with expression of interleukin 1β and interleukin-8 both in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, SPOP expression was related to immunoglobulin (Ig) A production and bacterial loads in chickens infected with Salmonella. These results indicate that SPOP could be a potential marker of the immune response in chickens. Abstract Salmonellosis is a zoonosis that is not only harmful to the health of poultry but also poses a threat to human health. Although many measures have been put in place to reduce morbidity, they have not provided satisfactory results. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the immune mechanisms involved in improving the resistance of chickens against Salmonella. BTB (Broad-complex Tramtrack and Bric-a-brac) Speckle-type POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) protein (SPOP) regulates protein expression by promoting substrate ubiquitination and degradation. The correlation between SPOP expression and the immune response has not been fully described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify this relationship. In vitro, we stimulated chicken macrophage cells (HD11) with lipopolysaccharide, then analyzed the correlation between SPOP and IL1β or IL8 expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In vivo, we infected 7-days-old chickens with Salmonella Typhimurium, then analyzed the association between SPOP expression and the immune response, including IL1β and IL8 expression, IgA production, and bacterial loads. We found that SPOP may participate in the regulation of the immune response in macrophage cells. SPOP expression was negatively correlated with IL-1β and IL-8 expression both in vivo and in vitro. SPOP expression was also negatively related to bacterial loads and immunoglobulin (Ig) A production. These results indicate that SPOP may have important functions in the response to Salmonella infection.
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Hirschfeld C, Gómez-Mejia A, Bartel J, Hentschker C, Rohde M, Maaß S, Hammerschmidt S, Becher D. Proteomic Investigation Uncovers Potential Targets and Target Sites of Pneumococcal Serine-Threonine Kinase StkP and Phosphatase PhpP. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3101. [PMID: 32117081 PMCID: PMC7011611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Like eukaryotes, different bacterial species express one or more Ser/Thr kinases and phosphatases that operate in various signaling networks by catalyzing phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins that can immediately regulate biochemical pathways by altering protein function. The human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae encodes a single Ser/Thr kinase-phosphatase couple known as StkP-PhpP, which has shown to be crucial in the regulation of cell wall synthesis and cell division. In this study, we applied proteomics to further understand the physiological role of pneumococcal PhpP and StkP with an emphasis on phosphorylation events on Ser and Thr residues. Therefore, the proteome of the non-encapsulated D39 strain (WT), a kinase (ΔstkP), and phosphatase mutant (ΔphpP) were compared in a mass spectrometry based label-free quantification experiment. Results show that a loss of function of PhpP causes an increased abundance of proteins in the phosphate uptake system Pst. Quantitative proteomic data demonstrated an effect of StkP and PhpP on the two-component systems ComDE, LiaRS, CiaRH, and VicRK. To obtain further information on the function, targets and target sites of PhpP and StkP we combined the advantages of phosphopeptide enrichment using titanium dioxide and spectral library based data evaluation for sensitive detection of changes in the phosphoproteome of the wild type and the mutant strains. According to the role of StkP in cell division we identified several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis and cell division that are apparently phosphorylated by StkP. Unlike StkP, the physiological function of the co-expressed PhpP is poorly understood. For the first time we were able to provide a list of previously unknown putative targets of PhpP. Under these new putative targets of PhpP are, among others, five proteins with direct involvement in cell division (DivIVA, GpsB) and peptidoglycan biosynthesis (MltG, MreC, MacP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hirschfeld
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Mejia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartel
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Hentschker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Maaß
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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45
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Kaushal N, Kumari S, Jhelum H, Sehgal D. In vitro and in vivo characterization of the interaction, proinflammatory, immunomodulatory and antigenic properties of capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:521-532. [PMID: 31816377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) is the major virulence determinant of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Strains devoid of the capsule are avirulent or highly attenuated. PCP is present in soluble form and on pneumococci in infected individuals. The present study was undertaken to study the interaction of PCP from serotype 1 (PCP1) with immune cells, and its proinflammatory, immunomodulatory and antigenic properties. Binding of PCP1 to the surface of immune cells led to proinflammatory cytokine production which was not cell line or cytokine restricted. HEK293T transfectants expressing TLR1 and TLR2 produced IL-8 upon stimulation with PCP1, untransfected cells did not do so. PCP1 failed to induce TNF-α production from RAW264.7 cells when pre-incubated with a TLR2 blocking antibody. The surface binding of PCP1 was abrogated in the presence of TLR2 blocking antibody. PCP1 failed to bind TLR2 deficient RAW264.7 cells and induce TNF-α production. Unlike PCP1, alkali-treated PCP1 failed to stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce TNF-α indicating the importance of alkali-sensitive moieties like O-acetyl groups. Alkali-treated PCP1 elicited lower anti-PCP1 antibody response. Mice experiments suggested that alkali-sensitive groups are significant target of protective antibodies in PCP1 immunized mice. Our findings demonstrate that PCP1 is an important modulator of immune response against pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Kaushal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Kumari
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Hina Jhelum
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Devinder Sehgal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
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46
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Too LK, Yau B, Baxter AG, McGregor IS, Hunt NH. Double deficiency of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 alters long-term neurological sequelae in mice cured of pneumococcal meningitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16189. [PMID: 31700009 PMCID: PMC6838097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 signalling pathways are central to the body’s defence against invading pathogens during pneumococcal meningitis. Whereas several studies support their importance in innate immunity, thereby preventing host mortality, any role in protecting neurological function during meningeal infection is ill-understood. Here we investigated both the acute immunological reaction and the long-term neurobehavioural consequences of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in mice lacking both TLR2 and TLR4. The absence of these TLRs significantly impaired survival in mice inoculated intracerebroventricularly with Streptococcus pneumoniae. During the acute phase of infection, TLR2/4-deficient mice had lower cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of interleukin-1β, and higher interferon-γ, than their wild-type counterparts. After antibiotic cure, TLR2/4 double deficiency was associated with aggravation of behavioural impairment in mice, as shown by diurnal hypolocomotion throughout the adaptation phases in the Intellicage of TLR-deficient mice compared to their wild-type counterparts. While TLR2/4 double deficiency did not affect the cognitive ability of mice in a patrolling task, it aggravated the impairment of cognitive flexibility. We conclude that TLR2 and TLR4 are central to regulating the host inflammatory response in pneumococcal meningitis, which may mediate diverse compensatory mechanisms that protect the host not only against mortality but also long-term neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Khoon Too
- The University of Sydney, Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Belinda Yau
- The University of Sydney, Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Alan G Baxter
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Iain S McGregor
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas H Hunt
- The University of Sydney, Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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47
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Gaydos J, McNally A, Burnham EL. The impact of alcohol use disorders on pulmonary immune cell inflammatory responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Alcohol 2019; 80:119-130. [PMID: 30195043 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae occurs commonly in alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Pneumonia in the AUD patient is associated with poorer outcomes, and specific therapies to mitigate disease severity in these patients do not exist. Numerous investigations have attributed increased severity of pneumonia in AUDs to aberrant function of the alveolar macrophage (AM), a lung immune cell critical in host defense initiation. No studies have examined the response of human AMs to S. pneumoniae in AUDs. We hypothesized that the inflammatory mediators released by AMs after S. pneumoniae stimulation would differ quantitatively in individuals with AUDs compared to non-AUD participants. We further postulated that AM inflammatory mediators would be diminished after exposure to the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). For comparison, responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to pneumococcal protein were also examined. Otherwise healthy participants with AUDs and smoking-matched controls underwent bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood sampling to obtain AMs and PBMCs, respectively. Freshly collected cells were cultured with increasing doses of heat-killed S. pneumoniae protein, with and without exposure to N-acetylcysteine. Cell culture supernatants were collected, and inflammatory mediators were measured, including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. IFN-γ and IL-6 were significantly higher in unstimulated AM cell culture supernatants from subjects with AUDs. After stimulation with pneumococcal protein, a dose-response and time-dependent increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production by both AMs and PBMCs was also observed; differences were not observed between AUD and non-AUD subjects. Addition of NAC to pneumococcal-stimulated AMs and PBMCs was generally associated with diminished cytokine production, with the exception of IL-1β that was elevated in AM culture supernatants from subjects with AUDs. Our observations suggest that AUDs contribute to basal alterations in AM pro-inflammatory cytokine elaboration, but did not support consistent differences in pneumococcal-stimulated AM or PBMC inflammatory mediator secretion that were referable to AUDs.
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48
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Fang R, Uchiyama R, Sakai S, Hara H, Tsutsui H, Suda T, Mitsuyama M, Kawamura I, Tsuchiya K. ASC and NLRP3 maintain innate immune homeostasis in the airway through an inflammasome-independent mechanism. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1092-1103. [PMID: 31278375 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that inflammasomes protect the host from microbial pathogens by inducing inflammatory responses through caspase-1 activation. Here, we show that the inflammasome components ASC and NLRP3 are required for resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia, whereas caspase-1 and caspase-11 are dispensable. In the lung of S. pneumoniae-infected mice, ASC and NLRP3, but not caspase-1/11, were required for optimal expression of several mucosal innate immune proteins. Among them, TFF2 and intelectin-1 appeared to be protective against pneumococcal pneumonia. During infection, ASC and NLRP3 maintained the expression of the transcription factor SPDEF, which can facilitate the expression of the mucosal defense factor genes. Moreover, activation of STAT6, a key regulator of Spdef expression, depended on ASC and NLRP3. Overexpression of these inflammasome proteins sustained STAT6 phosphorylation induced by type 2 cytokines. Collectively, this study suggests that ASC and NLRP3 promote airway mucosal innate immunity by an inflammasome-independent mechanism involving the STAT6-SPDEF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendong Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Uchiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,T Lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hideki Hara
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Suda
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masao Mitsuyama
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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49
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Eijkelkamp BA, Morey JR, Neville SL, Tan A, Pederick VG, Cole N, Singh PP, Ong CLY, Gonzalez de Vega R, Clases D, Cunningham BA, Hughes CE, Comerford I, Brazel EB, Whittall JJ, Plumptre CD, McColl SR, Paton JC, McEwan AG, Doble PA, McDevitt CA. Dietary zinc and the control of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007957. [PMID: 31437249 PMCID: PMC6705770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human zinc deficiency increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. Although zinc supplementation therapies can reduce the impact of disease, the molecular basis for protection remains unclear. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of bacterial pneumonia, which is prevalent in regions of zinc deficiency. We report that dietary zinc levels dictate the outcome of S. pneumoniae infection in a murine model. Dietary zinc restriction impacts murine tissue zinc levels with distribution post-infection altered, and S. pneumoniae virulence and infection enhanced. Although the activation and infiltration of murine phagocytic cells was not affected by zinc restriction, their efficacy of bacterial control was compromised. S. pneumoniae was shown to be highly sensitive to zinc intoxication, with this process impaired in zinc restricted mice and isolated phagocytic cells. Collectively, these data show how dietary zinc deficiency increases sensitivity to S. pneumoniae infection while revealing a role for zinc as a component of host antimicrobial defences. Zinc deficiency affects one-third of the world’s population and is associated with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Despite this, the molecular basis for how zinc deficiency compromises host control of infection remains to be understood. We show that dietary zinc deficiency impacts host tissue zinc abundances and its mobilization during infection by the major respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Zinc acts as a direct antimicrobial against the pathogen, mobilized by phagocytic cells as a component of the innate immune response. Although immune activation and infiltration of phagocytic cells is unaffected by host zinc status, the lack of antimicrobial zinc compromises bacterial control in zinc deficient hosts. These findings highlight the importance of zinc sufficiency in resisting bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A Eijkelkamp
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Morey
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Neville
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aimee Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria G Pederick
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nerida Cole
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Training Centre in Biodevices, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prashina P Singh
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheryl-Lynn Y Ong
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raquel Gonzalez de Vega
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Clases
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bliss A Cunningham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine E Hughes
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Erin B Brazel
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Whittall
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Charles D Plumptre
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alastair G McEwan
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip A Doble
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Yamaguchi M, Hirose Y, Takemura M, Ono M, Sumitomo T, Nakata M, Terao Y, Kawabata S. Streptococcus pneumoniae Evades Host Cell Phagocytosis and Limits Host Mortality Through Its Cell Wall Anchoring Protein PfbA. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:301. [PMID: 31482074 PMCID: PMC6710382 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the oral streptococcus species, mitis group. This pathogen is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, which often evades host immunity and causes systemic diseases, such as sepsis and meningitis. Previously, we reported that PfbA is a β-helical cell surface protein contributing to pneumococcal adhesion to and invasion of human epithelial cells in addition to its survival in blood. In the present study, we investigated the role of PfbA in pneumococcal pathogenesis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the pfbA gene is highly conserved in S. pneumoniae and Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae within the mitis group. Our in vitro assays showed that PfbA inhibits neutrophil phagocytosis, leading to pneumococcal survival. We found that PfbA activates NF-κB through TLR2, but not TLR4. In addition, TLR2/4 inhibitor peptide treatment of neutrophils enhanced the survival of the S. pneumoniae ΔpfbA strain as compared to a control peptide treatment, whereas the treatment did not affect survival of a wild-type strain. In a mouse pneumonia model, the host mortality and level of TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were comparable between wild-type and ΔpfbA-infected mice, while deletion of pfbA decreased the bacterial burden in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In a mouse sepsis model, the ΔpfbA strain demonstrated significantly increased host mortality and TNF-α levels in plasma, but showed reduced bacterial burden in lung and liver. These results indicate that PfbA may contribute to the success of S. pneumoniae species by inhibiting host cell phagocytosis, excess inflammation, and mortality by interacting with TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hirose
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moe Takemura
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ono
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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