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Hubbard L, Rambhatla A, Glina S. Nonobstructive azoospermia: an etiologic review. Asian J Androl 2024:00129336-990000000-00240. [PMID: 39243180 DOI: 10.4103/aja202472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Azoospermia is the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate in two or more semen analyses after centrifugation. Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the most severe form of male factor infertility accounting for 10%-15% of cases and stems from an impairment to spermatogenesis. Understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis has allowed NOA to be subcategorized by anatomic and/or pathophysiologic level. The etiologies of NOA, and therefore, the differential diagnoses when considering NOA as a cause of male factor infertility, can be subcategorized and condensed into several distinct classifications. Etiologies of NOA include primary hypogonadism, secondary hypogonadism, defects in androgen synthesis and/or response, defective spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, or a mixed picture thereof. This review includes up-to-date clinical, diagnostic, cellular, and histologic features pertaining to the multitude of NOA etiologies. This in turn will provide a framework by which physicians practicing infertility can augment their clinical decision-making, patient counseling, thereby improving upon the management of men with NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Hubbard
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Amarnath Rambhatla
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sidney Glina
- Department of Urology, ABC Medical School, Av Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil
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Yoo JW, Tae BS, Chang HK, Song MS, Cheon J, Park JY, Bae JH. Epidemiology of mumps, mumps complications, and mumps orchitis in Korea using the National Health Insurance Service database. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:412-417. [PMID: 37417567 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the presentation of mumps and mumps orchitis using the National Health Insurance Service Database (NHISD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using information from the NHISD representing all cases of mumps in Korea, data regarding mumps orchitis were analyzed. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and Clinical Modification codes were used for diagnosis. The incidence estimates of the number of mumps cases were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. RESULTS Based on the NHISD, 199,186 people were diagnosed with mumps, and males accounted for 62.3% cases. Teen males accounted for 69,870 cases, the largest number of patients diagnosed with mumps. The annual incidence of mumps increased every year (poisson regression, hazard ratio [HR] 1.026, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.024-1.027; p<0.025). The risk of mumps was lower in females than that in males (poisson regression, HR 0.594, 95% CI 0.589-0.599; p<0.001). Of the 199,186 patients diagnosed with mumps, 3,872 patients (1.9%) had related complications. Among the mumps complications, the most diagnosed complication was mumps orchitis, which was seen in 41.8% of the males. Mumps orchitis cases accounted for less than 1.5% of the patients with mumps in minors under the age of 20 years and was somewhat higher in 2009 and 2013-2015. CONCLUSIONS Among the complications related to mumps, meningitis was most common in females, while orchitis was dominant in males. Mumps orchitis also shows periodic outbreaks but is particularly prevalent in adults, which suggests the potential need for additional vaccination against mumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Wan Yoo
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Bum Sik Tae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Chang
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Min Sung Song
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Park
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
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Hoshi SL, Okubo R, Tabuchi K, Seposo X, Shono A, Kondo M. Cost-effectiveness analyses of monovalent mumps vaccination programs for Japanese children. Vaccine 2022; 40:5513-5522. [PMID: 35965241 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common preventative measure against mumps is vaccination with mumps vaccine. Over 122 countries have implemented mumps vaccine routine immunization programs, mostly via Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine. In Japan, the unexpectedly high incidence of aseptic meningitis caused by mumps vaccine led to the discontinuation of the MMR national vaccination program in 1993, inadvertently resulting in the re-emergence of mumps. Plans of introducing monovalent mumps vaccine into routine vaccination schedule have become one of the emerging topics in health policy that has warranted the need in evaluating its value for money. METHODS We conducted cost-effectiveness analyses with Markov model and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of two different vaccination programs (a single-dose program at one-year-old, a two-dose program with second dose uptakes at five) compared to status quo from both payers' and societal perspectives. Transition probabilities and utility weights in estimating quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and disease treatment costs were either estimated or obtained from literature. Costs per vaccination were assumed at ¥6140 (US$58;1US$ = ¥106). RESULTS Both programs reduce disease treatment costs compared to status quo, while the reduction cannot offset vaccination cost. ICER of either program is found to be under ¥5,000,000 (US$47,170)/QALY willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold from either perspective. Results of probabilistic sensitivity analyses expressed by net monetary benefit indicated that at the WTP threshold, the acceptability is at 92.6% for two-dose vaccination program, 0% for single-dose vaccination program, and 7.4% for current no vaccination program. Two-dose program was optimal among the alternatives. One-way sensitivity analyses revealed that proportion of mumps-related hearing loss among mumps cases and vaccine effectiveness (VE) were key variables in changing the ICERs. CONCLUSION Routine vaccination program of single- and two-dose programs were cost-effective from both payers' and societal perspectives. Between the two, the two-dose vaccination program was observed to be more favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hoshi
- Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577 Japan.
| | - Reiko Okubo
- Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577 Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058576 Japan
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Aiko Shono
- Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Regulatory Science, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Masahide Kondo
- Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577 Japan
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Swerdlow AJ, Bruce C, Cooke R, Coulson P, Jones ME. Infertility and risk of breast cancer in men: a national case–control study in England and Wales. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:29. [PMID: 35578306 PMCID: PMC9112475 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer is uncommon in men and its aetiology is largely unknown, reflecting the limited size of studies thus far conducted. In general, number of children fathered has been found a risk factor inconsistently, and infertility not. We therefore investigated in a case–control study, the relation of risk of breast cancer in men to infertility and number of children. Patients and methods We conducted a national case–control study in England and Wales, interviewing 1998 cases incident 2005–17 and 1597 male controls, which included questions on infertility and offspring. Results Risk of breast cancer was statistically significantly associated with male-origin infertility (OR = 2.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–3.49)) but not if a couple’s infertility had been diagnosed as of origin from the female partner (OR = 0.86 (0.51–1.45)). Risk was statistically significantly raised for men who had not fathered any children (OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.21–1.86)) compared with men who were fathers. These associations were statistically significantly present for invasive tumours but not statistically significant for in situ tumours. Conclusion Our data give strong evidence that risk of breast cancer is increased for men who are infertile. The reason is not clear and needs investigation.
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Abstract
The epidemiology of male hypogonadism has been understudied. Of the known causes of endogenous androgen deficiency, only Klinefelter syndrome is common with a likely population prevalence of greater than 5:10,000 men (possibly as high as 10-25:10,000). Mild traumatic injury might also be a common cause of androgen deficiency (prevalence 5-10:10,000 men), but large, long-term studies must be completed to confirm this prevalence estimation that might be too high. The classic causes of male androgen deficiency-hyperprolactinemia, pituitary macroadenoma, endogenous Cushing syndrome, and iron overload syndrome-are rare (prevalence < 10,000 men).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Thirumalai
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356420, 1959 Northeast Pacific Avenue, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bradley D Anawalt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356420, 1959 Northeast Pacific Avenue, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Das S, Roychoudhury S, Roychoudhury S, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Role of Infection and Leukocytes in Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:115-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Verma R, Chakraborty R. Post-Mumps Extrapyramidal Syndrome in a Young Child. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:593-596. [PMID: 34728960 PMCID: PMC8513974 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_846_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Verma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Chakraborty
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Utter Pradesh, India
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Bai YZ, Wang XJ, Guo SB. Global Stability of a Mumps Transmission Model with Quarantine Measure. ACTA MATHEMATICAE APPLICATAE SINICA (ENGLISH SERIES) 2021; 37:665-672. [PMID: 34642515 PMCID: PMC8498767 DOI: 10.1007/s10255-021-1035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a model of mumps transmission with quarantine measure is proposed and then the control reproduction numberℛ c of the model is obtained. This model admits a unique endemic equilibrium P* if and only if R c > 1, while the disease-free equilibrium P 0 always exists. By using the technique of constructing Lyapunov functions and the generalized Lyapunov-LaSalle theorem, we first show that the equilibrium P 0 is globally asymptotically stable (GAS) if R c ≤ 1; second, we prove that the equilibrium P* is GAS if R c > 1. Our results reveal that mumps can be eliminated from the community forℛ c ≤ 1 and it will be persistent forℛ c > 1 , and quarantine measure can also effectively control the mumps transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-zhen Bai
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616 China
| | - Xiao-jing Wang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616 China
| | - Song-bai Guo
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616 China
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
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Antivirals targeting paramyxovirus membrane fusion. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:34-47. [PMID: 34592709 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family includes enveloped single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses such as measles, mumps, human parainfluenza, canine distemper, Hendra, and Nipah viruses, which cause a tremendous global health burden. The ability of paramyxoviral glycoproteins to merge viral and host membranes allows entry of the viral genome into host cells, as well as cell-cell fusion, an important contributor to disease progression. Recent molecular and structural advances in our understanding of the paramyxovirus membrane fusion machinery gave rise to various therapeutic approaches aiming at inhibiting viral infection, spread, and cytopathic effects. These therapeutic approaches include peptide mimics, antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors with various levels of success at inhibiting viral entry, increasing the potential of effective antiviral therapeutic development.
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Sengupta P, Leisegang K, Agarwal A. The impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract and fertility: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:423-436. [PMID: 34552795 PMCID: PMC8451696 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1955554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains an ongoing public health challenge. Although males are affected slightly more than females, the impact of SARS-COV-2 on male reproductive system remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide a concise update on the effects of COVID-19 on male reproductive health, including the presence of viral RNA in semen, and the impact on semen quality, testicular histology, testicular pain and male reproductive hormones. The global health is fronting an immediate as well as impending threat from the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), that inflicts more males than females. Evidence suggest that male reproductive system is susceptible to this viral infection. However, there are still several pertinent queries that remain to be fully explained regarding the mechanism in testicular SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and the exact mode of its actions. Thus, the present systematic review aims to provide a concise update on the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on male reproduction.. METHODS A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines searching the PubMed database. Eligibility for inclusion were original human studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health. Specific outcomes required for inclusion were at least one of the following: i) seminal detection of mRNA virus, or evaluation of ii) semen analysis, iii) testicular histology or ultrasonography, iv) testicular clinical symptoms and/or v) male reproductive hormones in COVID-19-positive patients. RESULTS Of 553 retrieved articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. This included studies primarily investigating the presence of viral RNA in semen (n = 12), semen quality (n = 2), testicular histology (n = 5), testicular pain (n = 2) and male reproductive hormones (n= 4). Results show little evidence for the presence of viral RNA in semen, although COVID-19 seems to affect seminal parameters, induce orchitis, and cause hypogonadism. Mortality cases suggest severe histological disruption of testicular architecture, probably due to a systemic and local reproductive tract inflammatory response and oxidative stress-induced damage. CONCLUSIONS Clinical evaluation of the male reproductive tract, seminal parameters and reproductive hormones is recommended in patients with current or a history of COVID-19, particularly in males undergoing fertility treatment. Any long-term negative impact on male reproduction remains unexplored and an important future consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Malaysia
| | - Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wu H, Wang F, Tang D, Han D. Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:582946. [PMID: 33815357 PMCID: PMC8013702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of mumps is a single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Besides the classic symptom of painfully swollen parotid salivary glands (parotitis) in mumps virus (MuV)-infected men, orchitis is the most common form of extra-salivary gland inflammation. Mumps orchitis frequently occurs in young adult men, and leads to pain and swelling of the testis. The administration of MuV vaccines in children has been proven highly effective in reducing the incidence of mumps. However, a recent global outbreak of mumps and the high rate of orchitis have recently been considered as threats to male fertility. The pathogenesis of mumps orchitis remains largely unclear due to lack of systematic clinical data analysis and animal models studies. The alarming increase in the incidence of mumps orchitis and the high risk of the male fertility have thus become a major health concern. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms by which MuV-host cells interact and MuV infection induces inflammatory responses in testicular cells. In this mini-review, we highlight advances in our knowledge of the clinical aspects and possible mechanisms of mumps orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Ohfuji S, Takagi A, Nakano T, Kumihashi H, Kano M, Tanaka T. Mumps-Related Disease Burden in Japan: Analysis of JMDC Health Insurance Reimbursement Data for 2005-2017. J Epidemiol 2021; 31:464-470. [PMID: 32684528 PMCID: PMC8275443 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mumps vaccination coverage is low in Japan, partly because of its voluntary nature. Although pediatric cases of mumps virus infection are captured by the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases program under the Infectious Disease Law, there are currently no data regarding the occurrence of mumps and its complications in adults. Methods We investigated the annual incidence rates of mumps and its complications based on health insurance reimbursement data for 5,209,660 individuals aged 0–64 years for 2005–2017, obtained from JMDC Inc., to estimate the mumps-related disease burden during this period. Results There were three mumps outbreaks (2006, 2010, and 2016) during 2005–2017. The annual incidence of mumps was highest in individuals aged 0–5 years (808–3,792 per 100,000 persons), followed by those aged 6–15 years (658–2,141 per 100,000 persons). The incidence of mumps was higher in females than in males (male/female ratio, 0.90). Among mumps-related complications, the overall incidence (per 1,000 mumps cases) was highest for orchitis (6.6), followed by meningitis (5.8), deafness (1.3), pancreatitis (0.5), and encephalitis (0.3). No cases of oophoritis were noted. The overall incidence of mumps-related complications was 2.5 times higher in males than in females. Conclusions This study revealed the disease burden due to mumps and its complications in Japan during 2005–2017. These data suggest the need for mumps-prevention measures in adolescents and adults, as well as in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Takagi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka General Hospital
| | | | | | - Munehide Kano
- Global Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
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Egbe TO, Mbaki CN, Tendongfor N, Temfack E, Belley-Priso E. Infertility and associated factors in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1985-1995. [PMID: 34394265 PMCID: PMC8351857 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We determined the prevalence and factors associated with couple infertility in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 18th 2015 to March 18th 2016 in three public hospitals in Douala. Three hundred and sixty participants were studied prospectively for associated factors using a multivariate logistic regression model and 4732 files were studied retrospectively for the prevalence of infertility. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of couple infertility was 19.2%. In logistic models, the factors which independently increased the risk of couple infertility were a history of reproductive tract infection/STI, a history of uterine fibroids, a history of dysmenorrhea and abortion for the females while for males it was a history of mumps, erectile dysfunction and exposure to chemicals/toxic substances/pesticides. CONCLUSION One in every five couples in this study was infertile. Several factors affect the risks associated with couple infertility. The identification of these factors could help detect subgroups of couples at high risk of infertility. Reproductive health education, screening programmes for STI's that may lead to infertility should be offered to couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Obinchemti Egbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Douala General Hospital, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Elvis Temfack
- Department of Clinical Research and Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital
| | - Eugene Belley-Priso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Bryan ER, Kollipara A, Trim LK, Armitage CW, Carey AJ, Mihalas B, Redgrove KA, McLaughlin EA, Beagley KW. Hematogenous dissemination of Chlamydia muridarum from the urethra in macrophages causes testicular infection and sperm DNA damage†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:748-759. [PMID: 31373361 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Chlamydia infection, in both females and males, is increasing worldwide. Male infections have been associated clinically with urethritis, epididymitis, and orchitis, believed to be caused by ascending infection, although the impact of infection on male fertility remains controversial. Using a mouse model of male chlamydial infection, we show that all the major testicular cell populations, germ cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and testicular macrophages can be productively infected. Furthermore, sperm isolated from vas deferens of infected mice also had increased levels of DNA damage as early as 4 weeks post-infection. Bilateral vasectomy, prior to infection, did not affect the chlamydial load recovered from testes at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-infection, and Chlamydia-infected macrophages were detectable in blood and the testes as soon as 3 days post-infection. Partial depletion of macrophages with clodronate liposomes significantly reduced the testicular chlamydial burden, consistent with a hematogenous route of infection, with Chlamydia transported to the testes in infected macrophages. These data suggest that macrophages serve as Trojan horses, transporting Chlamydia from the penile urethra to the testes within 3 days of infection, bypassing the entire male reproductive tract. In the testes, infected macrophages likely transfer infection to Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells, causing sperm DNA damage and impaired spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Bryan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Avinash Kollipara
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Logan K Trim
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Charles W Armitage
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Alison J Carey
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Bettina Mihalas
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate A Redgrove
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Science and Technology Office, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Belyaletdinova IK, Mitrofanova IV, Kozlovskaya LI, Ignatyev GM. Cases of aseptic meningitis after vaccination against mumps in Russia (2009-2019). Public Health 2020; 186:8-11. [PMID: 32736309 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection prevented by immunization with live attenuated vaccines. Mumps vaccines have proven to be safe and effective; however, rare cases of aseptic meningitis (AM) can occur after vaccination. The range of meningitis occurrence varies by different factors (strain, vaccine producer, and so on). Monovaccines or divaccines (mumps-measles vaccine), prepared from the strain Leningrad-3 (L-3), are used in Russia. Meningitis occurrence after vaccination has been established previously as very low. Nevertheless, with the number of children being vaccinated every year, vaccine-associated AM cases still occur. There is no official statistics on AM incidence after mumps vaccines, and information on AM features as an adverse event of mumps vaccination is limited and mostly devoted to vaccines, prepared from strains other than L-3. STUDY DESIGN The study included patients with AM who were vaccinated against mumps in the previous 30 days before the present disease onset during 2009-2019. METHODS Patients admitted to Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia, with AM were observed by a pediatrician and were screened for etiological agents of meningitis. RESULTS Seven patients were enrolled, and clinical features and the course of infection are presented. CONCLUSIONS Detection of only 7 cases of AM associated with mumps vaccination during the 10-year period supports very low occurrence of this adverse event after immunization with the L-3 strain-based mumps vaccines. Nevertheless, the annual number of AM cases that occur after mumps vaccination remains unknown and poorly diagnosed in practice because of the low awareness of physicians of this adverse reaction. Detection and objective coverage of such cases can lead to a weakening of 'antivaccination' moods in a society and to restoration of confidence in the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Belyaletdinova
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia; Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - L I Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G M Ignatyev
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia
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Fraietta R, Pasqualotto FF, Roque M, Taitson PF. SARS-COV-2 and Male Reproductive Health. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:347-350. [PMID: 32510901 PMCID: PMC7365526 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical challenges for the public and private health, research, and medical communities have been posed by the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of these challenges are related to the possible adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive health, and whether other potential modes of transmission may occur, such as sexual transmission. Moreover, concerns have been raised in terms of whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have an impact on fertility worldwide. In this study, we will discuss the origins of SARS-CoV-2. We will further describe its mechanism of action, diagnosis, symptoms, and potential effects on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Fraietta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Firmbach Pasqualotto
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Roque
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mater Prime, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Franco Taitson
- Discipline of Human Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Cheah IK, Halliwell B. Could Ergothioneine Aid in the Treatment of Coronavirus Patients? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E595. [PMID: 32646061 PMCID: PMC7402156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that has, at present, infected more than 11 million people globally. Some COVID-19 patients develop a severe and critical illness, spurred on by excessive inflammation that can lead to respiratory or multiorgan failure. Numerous studies have established the unique array of cytoprotective properties of the dietary amino acid ergothioneine. Based on studies in a range of in vitro and in vivo models, ergothioneine has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge free radicals, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia and reperfusion injury, protect against neuronal damage, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis, amongst many others. When compiled, this evidence suggests that ergothioneine has a potential application in the treatment of the underlying pathology of COVID-19. We propose that ergothioneine could be used as a therapeutic to reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. This review presents evidence to support that proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K. Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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18
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Nonlinear effect of wind velocity on mumps in Shenzhen, China, 2013-2016. Public Health 2019; 179:178-185. [PMID: 31863968 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plenty of studies have shown that wind velocity has an influence on airborne diseases. There is, however, no consistent conclusion found on the relationship between wind velocity and mumps, and the regional heterogeneity has been largely neglected in previous studies. This study aims to explore the association between wind velocity and mumps in Shenzhen. STUDY DESIGN Ecological study. METHODS Sixteen subdistricts with the highest incidence rates of mumps were selected from Shenzhen city, and the multilevel distributed lag-nonlinear model was conducted to explore the relationship between mumps cases and wind velocity via the dlnm and lme4 packages of the software R 3.4.3. RESULTS In Shenzhen, a total of 16,997 mumps cases were reported between 2013 and 2016, and the means of daily rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, and 10 min wind velocity were 5.74 mm, 23.27 °C, 76.31% and 1.87 m/s, respectively. Obvious nonlinear correlation relationships of wind velocity and mumps risk were found, where a reverse-V curved shape was shown in the exposure dimension with the logRR value of mumps peaking at 2 m/s, and the type of nonlinear correlation varying with the levels of wind velocity in lag dimension with a peak at two lag weeks. CONCLUSIONS The lag and nonlinear association between wind velocity and number of mumps cases were examined, while there was no statistically significant associations for other meteorological factors accounting for the regional heterogeneity. Results from this study indicated that public health administrators could strengthen health education in schools on ventilation management to prevent and control mumps outbreaks.
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Shahabi P, Asadzadeh S, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Sadeghzadeh Oskouei B. Pregnancy after mumps: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:379. [PMID: 31864420 PMCID: PMC6925838 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oophoritis, a complication of mumps, is said to affect only 5% of all postpubertal women. In this report, we present a case of a 31-year-old Iranian woman with amenorrhea and infertility due to an infantile uterus and atrophic ovaries associated with contracting mumps at a young age. She later successfully carried a healthy baby to term. Case presentation The patient was diagnosed with oophoritis when she was 8 years of age. She had no menses before treatment. The patient underwent a low-dose contraceptive treatment from age 19 until she was 31 years of age. During this period, the size of her uterus was constantly monitored, which revealed constant yet slow uterine growth. At age 31, Drospil (containing 3 mg of drospirenone and 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol) treatment was initiated and administered for 3 months, which led to substantial uterine growth and menses. After her uterus had reached a mature size, the patient was referred to an assisted reproductive technology clinic. There she received a donor oocyte that was fertilized with the sperm of her husband. She had a successful low-risk pregnancy after the second embryo transfer. Conclusion Low-dose contraceptive treatment containing progesterone, followed by Drospil, which includes both estradiol and progesterone, had a synergistic effect that led to the growth of the patient’s uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Shahabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Sadeghzadeh Oskouei
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Reproductive Biology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5138947977, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Wu H, Jiang X, Gao Y, Liu W, Wang F, Gong M, Chen R, Yu X, Zhang W, Gao B, Song C, Han D. Mumps virus infection disrupts blood-testis barrier through the induction of TNF-α in Sertoli cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:12528-12540. [PMID: 31450968 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901089r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) has high tropism to the testis and may lead to male infertility. Sertoli cells are the major targets of MuV infection. However, the mechanisms by which MuV infection impairs male fertility and Sertoli cell function remain unclear. The present study elucidated the effect of MuV infection on the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The transepithelial electrical resistance of MuV-infected mouse Sertoli cells was monitored, and the expression of major proteins of the BTB was examined. We demonstrated that MuV infection disrupted the BTB by reducing the levels of occludin and zonula occludens 1. Sertoli cells derived from Tlr2-/- and Tnfa-/- mice were analyzed for mediating MuV-induced impairment. TLR2-mediated TNF-α production by Sertoli cells in response to MuV infection impaired BTB integrity. MuV-impaired BTB was not observed in Tlr2-/- and Tnfa-/- Sertoli cells. Moreover, an inhibitor of TNF-α, pomalidomide, prevents the disruption of BTB in response to MuV infection. FITC-labeled biotin tracing assay confirmed that BTB permeability and spermatogenesis were transiently impaired by MuV infection in vivo. These findings suggest that the disruption of the BTB could be one of the mechanisms underlying MuV-impaired male fertility, in which TNF-α could play a critical role.-Wu, H., Jiang, X., Gao, Y., Liu, W., Wang, F., Gong, M., Chen, R., Yu, X., Zhang, W., Gao, B., Song, C., Han, D. Mumps virus infection disrupts blood-testis barrier through the induction of TNF-α in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Mobilome and Genome, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxiao Gao
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maolei Gong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Mobilome and Genome, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Mobilome and Genome, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Urbano PR, Fujita DM, Romano CM. Reemergence of mumps in São Paulo, Brazil - the urgent need for booster shot campaign to prevent a serious infectious disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:535-538. [PMID: 28954076 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0320-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Neglected infectious diseases like mumps may be opportunistic in controlled areas with low vaccine coverage, particularly in developed and emerging countries. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of mumps-related data from 2001 to 2016 for São Paulo State, Brazil was conducted. RESULTS: From 2014 to 2015, there was an increase of 82% in reported mumps cases in São Paulo, with prevalence of n=49 and 297, respectively in young adults aged 15-29 years. CONCLUSIONS: A booster-shot campaign on MMR vaccination is recommended to prevent the spread of mumps in unvaccinated children and recipients of only the first dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Urbano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Dennis Minoru Fujita
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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22
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Jiang Q, Wang F, Shi L, Zhao X, Gong M, Liu W, Song C, Li Q, Chen Y, Wu H, Han D. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 produced by mouse Sertoli cells in response to mumps virus infection induces male germ cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3146. [PMID: 29072682 PMCID: PMC5680925 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infection usually results in germ cell degeneration in the testis, which is an etiological factor for male infertility. However, the mechanisms by which MuV infection damages male germ cells remain unclear. The present study showed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) is produced by mouse Sertoli cells in response to MuV infection, which induces germ cell apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3. CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a functional receptor of CXCL10, is constitutively expressed in male germ cells. Neutralizing antibodies against CXCR3 and an inhibitor of caspase-3 activation significantly inhibited CXCL10-induced male germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) upregulated CXCL10 production in Sertoli cells after MuV infection. The knockout of either CXCL10 or TNF-α reduced germ cell apoptosis in the co-cultures of germ cells and Sertoli cells in response to MuV infection. Local injection of MuV into the testes of mice confirmed the involvement of CXCL10 in germ cell apoptosis in vivo. These results provide novel insights into MuV-induced germ cell apoptosis in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maolei Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Saraf AJ, Nahata L. Fertility counseling and preservation: considerations for the pediatric endocrinologist. Transl Pediatr 2017; 6:313-322. [PMID: 29184812 PMCID: PMC5682384 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2017.07.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a distressing consequence of numerous pediatric medical conditions and treatments. The field of pediatric fertility preservation has expanded rapidly over the past decade, and clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of discussing infertility risk and fertility preservation options with patients and families in a timely manner. Understanding the various mechanisms and presentations of fertility issues across diagnoses is imperative to provide counseling to patients and families, and identify individuals who may benefit from fertility preservation. The goals of this manuscript are to outline current fertility preservation options in pediatrics, review populations at-risk for infertility that are seen in pediatric endocrinology, and discuss other important issues related to fertility preservation including ethical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Saraf
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leena Nahata
- Division of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Biobehavioral Health, the Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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24
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Shil NK, Pokharel SM, Bose S. Inflammasome Activation by Paramyxoviruses. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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van de Kassteele J, van Eijkeren J, Wallinga J. Efficient estimation of age-specific social contact rates between men and women. Ann Appl Stat 2017. [DOI: 10.1214/16-aoas1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Wu H, Zhao X, Wang F, Jiang Q, Shi L, Gong M, Liu W, Gao B, Song C, Li Q, Chen Y, Han D. Mouse Testicular Cell Type-Specific Antiviral Response against Mumps Virus Replication. Front Immunol 2017; 8:117. [PMID: 28239382 PMCID: PMC5300993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infection has high tropism to the testis and usually leads to orchitis, an etiological factor in male infertility. However, MuV replication in testicular cells and the cellular antiviral responses against MuV are not fully understood. The present study showed that MuV infected the majority of testicular cells, including Leydig cells (LC), testicular macrophages, Sertoli cells (SC), and male germ cells (GC). MuV was replicated at relatively high efficiencies in SC compared with LC and testicular macrophages. In contrast, MuV did not replicate in male GC. Notably, testicular cells exhibited different innate antiviral responses against MuV replication. We showed that interferon β (IFN-β) inhibited MuV replication in LC, macrophages, and SC, which were associated with the upregulation of major antiviral proteins. We provided primary evidence that autophagy plays a role in blocking MuV replication in male GC. Autophagy was also involved in limiting MuV replication in testicular macrophages but not in Leydig and SC. These findings indicate the involvement of the innate defense against MuV replication in testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Maolei Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Bo Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Chengyi Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Kunming , China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Daishu Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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Wang Q, Wu H, Cheng L, Yan K, Shi L, Zhao X, Jiang Q, Wang F, Chen Y, Li Q, Han D. Mumps virus induces innate immune responses in mouse ovarian granulosa cells through the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:183-94. [PMID: 27477784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infection may lead to oophoritis and perturb ovarian function. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of innate immune responses to MuV infection in the ovary have not been investigated. This study showed that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) cooperatively initiate innate immune responses to MuV infection in mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Ovarian granulosa cells infected with MuV significantly produced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and type 1 interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). Knockdown of RIG-I significantly decreased MuV-induced cytokine expression. TLR2 deficiency reduced the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 but did not affect the expression of IFN-α and IFN-β in granulosa cells after infection with MuV. Intraperitoneal injection of MuV induced the ovarian innate immune responses in vivo, which suppressed estradiol synthesis and induced granulosa cell apoptosis. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying MuV-induced innate immune responses in the mouse ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Daishu Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Koenig KL, Shastry S, Mzahim B, Almadhyan A, Burns MJ. Mumps Virus: Modification of the Identify-Isolate-Inform Tool for Frontline Healthcare Providers. West J Emerg Med 2016; 17:490-6. [PMID: 27625709 PMCID: PMC5017829 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2016.6.30793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection that became rare in most industrialized countries following the introduction of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1967. The disease, however, has been re-emerging with several outbreaks over the past decade. Many clinicians have never seen a case of mumps. To assist frontline healthcare providers with detecting potential cases and initiating critical actions, investigators modified the “Identify-Isolate-Inform” tool for mumps infection. The tool is applicable to regions with rare incidences or local outbreaks, especially seen in college students, as well as globally in areas where vaccination is less common. Mumps begins with a prodrome of low-grade fever, myalgias and malaise/anorexia, followed by development of nonsuppurative parotitis, which is the pathognomonic finding associated with acute mumps infection. Orchitis and meningitis are the two most common serious complications, with hearing loss and infertility occurring rarely. Providers should consider mumps in patients with exposure to a known case or international travel to endemic regions who present with consistent signs and symptoms. If mumps is suspected, healthcare providers must immediately implement standard and droplet precautions and notify the local health department and hospital infection control personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Koenig
- University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California
| | - Siri Shastry
- University of California Irvine Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange California
| | - Bandr Mzahim
- University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California; King Fahad Medical City, Department of Emergency Medicine, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Almadhyan
- University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California; Qassim University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Burns
- University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Orange, California
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Mumps virus-induced innate immune responses in mouse Sertoli and Leydig cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19507. [PMID: 26776505 PMCID: PMC4725973 DOI: 10.1038/srep19507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infection frequently causes orchitis and impairs male fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying the innate immune responses to MuV infection in the testis have yet to be investigated. This study showed that MuV induced innate immune responses in mouse Sertoli and Leydig cells through TLR2 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling, which result in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, CXCL10, and type 1 interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). By contrast, MuV did not induce the cytokine production in male germ cells. In response to MuV infection, Sertoli cells produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines but lower levels of type 1 IFNs than Leydig cells did. The MuV-induced cytokine production by Sertoli and Leydig cells was significantly reduced by the knockout of TLR2 or the knockdown of RIG-I signaling. The local injection of MuV into the testis triggered the testicular innate immune responses in vivo. Moreover, MuV infection suppressed testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells. This is the first study examining the innate immune responses to MuV infection in testicular cells. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the MuV-induced innate immune responses in the testis.
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Nedeljković J, Kovačević-Jovanović V, Milošević V, Šeguljev Z, Petrovic V, Muller CP, Hübschen JM. A Mumps Outbreak in Vojvodina, Serbia, in 2012 Underlines the Need for Additional Vaccination Opportunities for Young Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139815. [PMID: 26496490 PMCID: PMC4619890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, mumps was introduced from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Vojvodina, causing an outbreak with 335 reported cases. The present manuscript analyses the epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of this outbreak, identifies its main causes and suggests potential future preventive measures. Sera of 133 patients were tested for mumps-specific antibodies by ELISA and 15 nose/throat swabs were investigated for mumps virus RNA by RT-PCR. IgG antibodies were found in 127 patients (95.5%). Mumps infection was laboratory-confirmed in 53 patients, including 44 IgM and 9 PCR positive cases. All other 282 cases were classified as epidemiologically-confirmed. More than half of the patients (n = 181, 54%) were 20–29 years old, followed by the 15–19 age bracket (n = 95, 28.4%). Twice as many males as females were affected (67% versus 33%). Disease complications were reported in 13 cases (3.9%), including 9 patients with orchitis and 4 with pancreatitis. According to medical records or anamnestic data, 190 patients (56.7%) were immunized with two doses and 35 (10.4%) with one dose of mumps-containing vaccine. The Serbian sequences corresponded to a minor genotype G variant detected during the 2011/2012 mumps outbreak in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vaccine failures, the initial one-dose immunization policy and a vaccine shortage between 1999 and 2002 contributed to the outbreak. Additional vaccination opportunities should be offered to young adults during transition periods in their life trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vesna Milošević
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Šeguljev
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Petrovic
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Claude P. Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, WHO-EURO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Luxembourg Institute of Health (former Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé) / Laboratoire National de Santé, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
| | - Judith M. Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, WHO-EURO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Luxembourg Institute of Health (former Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé) / Laboratoire National de Santé, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
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Hu J, Song D, Luo G, Xu S, Cao Y, Sun Z. Activation of Toll like receptor 3 induces spermatogonial stem cell apoptosis. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:415-20. [PMID: 26350376 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell apoptosis may be associated with the male infertility. The pathogenesis is to be further understood. Viral infection is one of the causative factors of apoptosis of the body cells. This study aims to investigate the role of activation of Toll like receptor (TLR)3 in the induction of germ cell apoptosis. In this study, spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) were isolated from C57BL/6 mouse testes. The expression of TLR3 on SSC was by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) was employed to activate TLR3 on SSCs. The results showed that re-activation by PolyI:C induced SSC apoptosis. Exposure to PolyI:C induced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation in SSCs. TLR3 and IRF3 formed a complex in the SSCs. The complex of TLR3/IRF3 bound to the promoter of Fas ligand and promoted Fas ligand expression in SSC, and thus induced SSC apoptosis. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that activation of TLR3 by PolyI:C induces the SSC apoptosis, which implies that viral infection may interfere with the male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Hu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dalong Song
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Suxiong Xu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Marcell AV, Gavin LE, Moskosky SB, McKenna R, Rompalo AM. Developing Federal Clinical Care Recommendations for Men. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:S14-22. [PMID: 26190843 PMCID: PMC10472453 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
U.S. men experience substantial sexual and reproductive health needs across the life span. A significant barrier for providers in serving men in family planning, primary care, and sexually transmitted disease clinics has been the lack of standards for men's sexual and reproductive health care. The goal of this synthesis paper is to describe the development of clinical recommendations for the delivery of family planning services for men that were developed and published by CDC and the U.S. Office of Population Affairs. This paper is intended to describe the process used from 2011 to 2014 to develop the recommendations for the delivery of comprehensive reproductive healthcare services to men, and the rationale underpinning them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik V Marcell
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, with collaboration with Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, School of Medicine, Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease and Reproductive Health Research, Prevention, and Training, Baltimore, Maryland; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, with collaboration with Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, School of Medicine, Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease and Reproductive Health Research, Prevention, and Training, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | | | | | - Robert McKenna
- National Male Training Center for Family Planning and Reproductive Health, a program of Access Matters (formerly Family Planning Council), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne M Rompalo
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, with collaboration with Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, School of Medicine, Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease and Reproductive Health Research, Prevention, and Training, Baltimore, Maryland; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, with collaboration with Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, School of Medicine, Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease and Reproductive Health Research, Prevention, and Training, Baltimore, Maryland
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Zhu W, Zhao S, Liu Z, Cheng L, Wang Q, Yan K, Chen Q, Wu H, Han D. Pattern Recognition Receptor–Initiated Innate Antiviral Responses in Mouse Epididymal Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4825-35. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps is an acute, viral illness transmitted by respiratory droplets and saliva. A number of studies published in China have suggested that acupuncture is beneficial for children with mumps but the literature reporting the benefits or harms of acupuncture for mumps has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for children with mumps. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2014, Issue 11), MEDLINE (1950 to November week 3, 2014), EMBASE (1974 to December 2014), CINAHL (1981 to December 2014), AMED (1985 to December 2014), the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM) (1979 to November 2014), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1979 to November 2014), Chinese Technology Periodical Database (CTPD) (1989 to November 2014) and Wanfang database (1982 to November 2014). We also handsearched a number of journals (from first issue to current issue). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing acupuncture with placebo acupuncture, no management, Chinese medication, Western medication or other treatments for mumps. Acupuncture included either traditional acupuncture or contemporary acupuncture, regardless of the source of stimulation (body, electro, scalp, fire, hand, fine needle, moxibustion). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data. We identified no trials for inclusion in this updated review. MAIN RESULTS No study met our inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We could not reach any conclusion about the efficacy and safety of acupuncture as we identified no trials for inclusion in this review. More high-quality research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityRehabilitation and Acupuncture CentreNo. 37, Guo Xue XiangChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Pengli Jia
- West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChinese Evidence‐Based Medicine CentreChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Min Zheng
- Sichuan UniversityWest China School of Public HealthChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Mingming Zhang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese Evidence‐Based Medicine CentreNo. 37, Guo Xue XiangChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Hua Jiang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityRehabilitation and Acupuncture CentreNo. 37, Guo Xue XiangChengduSichuanChina610041
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Oosterhuis JW, Stoop J, Rijlaarsdam MA, Biermann K, Smit V, Hersmus R, Looijenga LHJ. Pediatric germ cell tumors presenting beyond childhood? Andrology 2014; 3:70-7. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Oosterhuis
- Department of Pathology; Laboratory for Experimental Patho-Oncology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - J.A. Stoop
- Department of Pathology; Laboratory for Experimental Patho-Oncology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Pathology; Laboratory for Experimental Patho-Oncology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - K. Biermann
- Department of Pathology; Laboratory for Experimental Patho-Oncology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - V.T.H.B.M. Smit
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - R. Hersmus
- Department of Pathology; Laboratory for Experimental Patho-Oncology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. H. J. Looijenga
- Department of Pathology; Laboratory for Experimental Patho-Oncology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Blair
- Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
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Dos Santos Godoy GC, Galera BB, Araujo C, Barbosa JS, de Pinho MF, Galera MF, de Medeiros SF. The Low Prevalence of Y Chromosomal Microdeletions is Observed in the Oligozoospermic Men in the Area of Mato Grosso State and Amazonian Region of Brazilian Patients. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2014; 8:51-7. [PMID: 25210487 PMCID: PMC4133943 DOI: 10.4137/cmrh.s15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and microdeletions on Y chromosome in infertile patients with oligozoospermia or azoospermia in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 94 men from infertile couples. Karyotype analysis was performed by lymphocyte culture technique. DNA from each sample was extracted using non-enzymatic method. Microdeletions were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS With the use of cytogenetic analysis, five patients (5.3%) had abnormal karyotype, one azoospermic patient (1.1%) had karyotype 46,XY,t(7;1) (qter-p35), one (1.1%) with mild oligozoospermia had karyotype 46,XY,delY(q), and two other azoospermic patients had karyotype 47,XXY, consistent with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). One of them (1.1%) with severe oligozoospermia had karyotype 46,XY,8p+. Microdeletion on Y chromosome was found in the azoospermia factor c (AZFc) region in only one azoospermic patient (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of genetic abnormalities in oligo/azoospermic Brazilian men from infertile couple was 5.3%, and microdeletion on Y chromosome was not a common finding in this population (1.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudinéia Araujo
- Faculty of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. ; Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Menopause, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Zhu W, Liu P, Yu L, Chen Q, Liu Z, Yan K, Lee WM, Cheng CY, Han D. p204-Initiated Innate Antiviral Response in Mouse Leydig Cells1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:8. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Romero FR, Romero AW, de Almeida RMDSSA, de Oliveira FC, Tambara R. Prevalence and risk factors for scrotal lesions/anomalies in a cohort of Brazilian men ≥ 40 years of age. SAO PAULO MED J 2014; 132:73-9. [PMID: 24714986 PMCID: PMC10896572 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1322495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for cutaneous lesions of the scrotum and intrascrotal lesions/anomalies among men included in a prostatic cancer screening program in a Brazilian metropolitan city. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study, private outpatient healthcare service. METHODS 1731 men aged 40 years or over, participating in a prostate cancer screening program conducted by the municipal public employees' healthcare system, underwent systematic urological assessment by a single examiner. RESULTS The prevalence of scrotal diseases in our sample was 44.7% (773/1731). Tinea cruris occurred in 203 (11.7%) of the participants, with higher risk among diabetics and lower prevalence among nonwhite individuals; scrotal tinea in eight (0.5%), with higher risk among hypertensive men; subcutaneous nodules in 12 (0.7%), especially in individuals with low schooling level; hydrocele in 283 (16.4%), with higher frequency among participants over the age of 60 years, diabetics or individuals with previous histories of nonspecific urethritis; spermatoceles in 174 (10.1%), with greater prevalence among individuals over the age of 60 years or diabetics, and lower frequency among individuals who underwent vasectomy; unilateral testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in 167 (9.7%) and bilateral hypotrophy/atrophy in 93 (5.4%), both occurring more frequently in individuals over the age of 60 years; absence of palpable testicles due to cryptorchidism in 7 (0.4%); and epididymitis/orchitis in 5 (0.3%), with higher prevalence among diabetics. No cases of cancer were identified in this sample. CONCLUSIONS Scrotal diseases were highly prevalent in this population of Brazilian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Ramalho Romero
- MD, MSc, PhD, Department of Surgery, Discipline of Urology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Cesar de Oliveira
- MD, MSc, Coordinator, Núcleo de Atenção à Saúde, Instituto Curitiba de Saúde (ICS), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renato Tambara
- MD, MSc, PhD. Professor, Department of Surgery, Discipline of Urology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Cocuzza M, Alvarenga C, Pagani R. The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68 Suppl 1:15-26. [PMID: 23503951 PMCID: PMC3583160 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The misconception that infertility is typically associated with the female is commonly faced in the management of infertile men. It is uncommon for a patient to present for an infertility evaluation with an abnormal semen analysis report before an extensive female partner workup has been performed. Additionally, a man is usually considered fertile based only on seminal parameters without a physical exam. This behavior may lead to a delay in both the exact diagnosis and in possible specific infertility treatment. Moreover, male factor infertility can result from an underlying medical condition that is often treatable but could possibly be life-threatening. The responsibility of male factor in couple's infertility has been exponentially rising in recent years due to a comprehensive evaluation of reproductive male function and improved diagnostic tools. Despite this improvement in diagnosis, azoospermia is always the most challenging topic associated with infertility treatment. Several conditions that interfere with spermatogenesis and reduce sperm production and quality can lead to azoospermia. Azoospermia may also occur because of a reproductive tract obstruction. Optimal management of patients with azoospermia requires a full understanding of the disease etiology. This review will discuss in detail the epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia. A thorough literature survey was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Cochrane databases. We restricted the survey to clinical publications that were relevant to male infertility and azoospermia. Many of the recommendations included are not based on controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Cocuzza
- Department of Urology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Tae BS, Ham BK, Kim JH, Park JY, Bae JH. Clinical features of mumps orchitis in vaccinated postpubertal males: a single-center series of 62 patients. Korean J Urol 2012; 53:865-9. [PMID: 23301132 PMCID: PMC3531641 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.12.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination covers most children against mumps in Korea, the development of mumps has been reported. However, the clinical manifestations of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients have never been investigated. Herein we report the clinical features of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients. Materials and Methods This study included a total of 62 postpubertal males who developed acute mumps orchitis from 2005 to 2010. The clinical manifestations such as the incubation period, febrile duration, and the mean duration of orchitis were retrospectively investigated. The laboratory and sonographic findings were also reviewed and compared with the features of previously reported cases of unvaccinated postpubertal mumps orchitis. Results The mean age of the 62 patients was 17.56 years (range, 15 to 29 years). All patients were serologically confirmed with acute mumps infection (positive immunoglobulin [Ig] M and negative or positive IgG). The mean incubation period was 5.39 days (range, 0 to 23 days), with a febrile duration of 1.8 days (range, 0.5 to 3 days), and a mean duration of orchitis of 4.96 days (range, 0 to 17 days). Sonography revealed unilateral orchitis in 58 patients (93.6%) and bilateral orchitis in only 6 (6.4%). Conclusions In our study, mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients showed a relatively shorter febrile duration. In addition, less scrotal swelling and a lower incidence of bilaterality were found upon physical examination and ultrasonography. In the future, additional long-term follow-up is needed to determine the features of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated males, and an additional booster vaccination should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Sik Tae
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Doyle JS, Paige EK, Spelman DW. Mumps presenting as epididymo-orchitis among young travellers: under-recognition, missed diagnoses and transmission risks. Med J Aust 2011; 194:317-8. [PMID: 21426289 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb02984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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