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Kuchi Bhotla H, Meyyazhagan A, Pushparaj K, Pappuswamy M, Chaudhary A, Arumugam VA, Balasubramanian B, Ragu Varman D, Orlacchio A, Rengasamy KRR. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in South Asians: Scrutinizing Traditional Risk Factors and Newly Recognized Risk Factors Sarcopenia and Osteopenia/Osteoporosis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102071. [PMID: 37690535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary reasons for complications and death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with a death toll of approximately 18 million per year. CVDs include cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart attack, hearth failure, etc. Over 80% of the CVD mortality is recorded from lower and middle-income countries. Records from the past decade have highlighted the increase of CVDs among the South Asian populations, and the prime purpose of the review is to jot down the reasons for the steep spike in CVDs. Studies analyzing the causative factors for the increase of CVDs in South Asians are still to be verified. Apart from known predisposing and lifestyle factors, other emerging risk factors associated with CVDs, namely the musculoskeletal diseases sarcopenia and osteopenia, should be tracked to tackle research gaps in upcoming analyses. This requires loads of scientific efforts. With proper monitoring, the raising alarm that the CVD burden generates can be reduced. This review discusses the already established signs and recognizes important clues to the emerging etiology of CVDs in the Asian population and prevention measures to keep it at bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Karthika Pushparaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikantan Pappuswamy
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Chaudhary
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Durairaj Ragu Varman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, India.
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Yin D, Li Y, Liao X, Tian D, Xu Y, Zhou C, Liu J, Li S, Zhou J, Nie Y, Liao H, Peng C. FTO: a critical role in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1657-1664. [PMID: 36944362 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, obesity is a growing pandemic in the world and has likely contributed to increasing the incidence of obesity-related diseases. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is the first gene discovered which has a close connection with fat. Recent studies suggested that FTO gene has played an important role in the molecular mechanisms of many diseases. Obesity is considered to be a hereditary disease and can evoke many kinds of diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, etc., whose exact possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the effect of FTO on obesity and obesity-related diseases remain largely unknown. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the correlation between FTO gene and obesity, cancer, PCOS, T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanism involved in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Liao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuilan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 30# Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 30# Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 30# Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, People's Republic of China
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Lamichhane P, Qureshi MR, Islam N, Sanipini S, Gopaul V, Razick SD, Agrawal A, Falfan-Valencia R. Lack of association of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:4981-4988. [PMID: 37811091 PMCID: PMC10553135 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our meta-analysis aims to explore the association of two single nucleotide variants; rs9939609 and rs8050136, within the FTO gene with risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Methods The association of two single nucleotide variants with PTB in three genetic models was evaluated using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results No significant association was observed between the rs9939609 polymorphism and PTB when assuming an allelic model (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.85-1.41; P=0.47; I2 = 64.98%), a recessive model (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 0.87-4.77; P=0.10; I2 = 67.18%), or a dominant model (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.83-1.11; P=0.56; I2 = 27.45%). Likewise, no association was observed between rs8050136 polymorphism and PTB when assuming allelic model (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.87-1.58; P=0.31; I2 = 64.20%) or recessive model (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.32-3.38; P=0.95; I2 = 68.82%) or dominant model (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.87-1.71; P=0.26; I2 = 58.69%). Conclusion There might be no association between the rs9939609 and rs8050136 variants in the FTO gene, and the risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabila Islam
- Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Anushka Agrawal
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ramces Falfan-Valencia
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Shill LC, Alam MR. Crosstalk between FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) and obesity-related traits among Bangladeshi population. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1414. [PMID: 37431487 PMCID: PMC10329739 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Obesity is a growing public health concern in Bangladesh, which is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The genetic variant rs9939609 of the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene has been found to be associated with an increased risk for obesity, depending on the population studied. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the relationship between the FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) and lifestyle-related risk factors, and their impact on obesity-related traits and biochemical parameters in the Bangladeshi population. Methods A total of 280 participants were enrolled in this study, comprising of 140 individuals with overweight and obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 23.0) and 140 non-overweight healthy individuals (18.5 ≤ BMI ≥ 22.9). Demographic information, dietary behaviors, and physical activity-related data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Additionally, anthropometric assessments and measurements of biochemical parameters such as lipid profile and C-reactive protein were performed. The amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique was used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism in the FTO gene. Descriptive statistics, χ,2 and one-way ANOVA were performed to evaluate the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Results The presence of rs9939609 was strongly associated with the obesity risk factors of increased BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. We also found a significant association (p < 0.05) of rs9939609 with overweight and obesity in codominant AA versus TT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.299, 95% CI: 0.129-0.695) and AA versus AT (OR = 2.273, 95% CI: 1.023-5.053), recessive TT versus AA+AT (OR = 5.154, 95% CI: 2.463-10.782), and overdominant AT versus AA+TT (OR = 0.244, 95% CI: 0.122-0.488) models. Conclusion FTO variant rs9939609 is significantly linked to obesity and an increased risk of hyperlipidemia in the Bangladeshi population. However, this association is intertwined with environmental factors such as diet and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincon Chandra Shill
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition ScienceNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rahanur Alam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition ScienceNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Department of NutritionUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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Hoseini Tavassol Z, Mousavi SM, Molaei B, Bandarian F, Ejtahed HS, Khalagi K, Ghannadi S, Larijani B, Hasani-Ranjbar S. Association of fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO) gene polymorphisms with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Iranian population: A systematic review of observational studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1975-1989. [PMID: 36404828 PMCID: PMC9672241 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms have been implicated in various diseases, most notably non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this study was to review available evidence regarding associations between FTO polymorphisms and NCDs in the Iranian population. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted through PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases up to December 2021, as well as reference lists of pertinent articles and key journals. All observational studies that examined the association between FTO gene polymorphisms and NCDs in the Iranian population were included. There was no limitation on the publication year. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the study's quality. Results The initial search yielded 95 studies, of which 30 studies were included in the current systematic review. The underlying disorders were obesity, type 2 diabetes, breast and colorectal cancers, depression, and metabolic syndrome. These studies found an association between FTO gene polymorphisms and obesity in the Iranian population, but the relationship with other NCDs was debatable. Even though, other diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are closely related to obesity, may also be associated with FTO gene polymorphisms. Conclusion FTO gene polymorphism appears to play a role in the occurrence of NCDs. Some of the study results may be misleading due to ethnic differences and the effect of other genetic factors on disease onset, which needs to be investigated further. Finally, FTO gene polymorphisms can be studied as a preventive or therapeutic target. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01139-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hoseini Tavassol
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Molaei
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bandarian
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institutes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Khalagi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghannadi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Azzam SK, Alsafar H, Sajini AA. FTO m6A Demethylase in Obesity and Cancer: Implications and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073800. [PMID: 35409166 PMCID: PMC8998816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is the first reported RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in eukaryotic cells. m6A is considered as the most abundant mRNA internal modification, which modulates several cellular processes including alternative splicing, stability, and expression. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FTO to be associated with obesity, as well as cancer including endometrial cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma. Since the initial classification of FTO as an m6A demethylase, various studies started to unravel a connection between FTO’s demethylase activity and the susceptibility to obesity on the molecular level. FTO was found to facilitate adipogenesis, by regulating adipogenic pathways and inducing pre-adipocyte differentiation. FTO has also been investigated in tumorigenesis, where emerging studies suggest m6A and FTO levels are dysregulated in various cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), glioblastoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), breast cancer, and melanoma. Here we review the molecular bases of m6A in tumorigenesis and adipogenesis while highlighting the controversial role of FTO in obesity. We provide recent findings confirming FTO’s causative link to obesity and discuss novel approaches using RNA demethylase inhibitors as targeted oncotherapies. Our review aims to confirm m6A demethylation as a risk factor in obesity and provoke new research in FTO and human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kassem Azzam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.A.); (H.A.)
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.A.); (H.A.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Bio-Research Center, Ministry of Interior, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 389, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulrahim A. Sajini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.A.); (H.A.)
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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The association between FTO polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in Asian populations: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Al-Jawadi AA, Priliani L, Oktavianthi S, Febinia CA, Daya M, Artika IM, Malik SG. Association of FTO rs1421085 single nucleotide polymorphism with fat and fatty acid intake in Indonesian adults. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:411. [PMID: 34743743 PMCID: PMC8574008 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent studies showed that genetic polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) were associated with obesity and dietary intake. In this study of 71 adults in Jakarta, Indonesia, we investigated FTO rs1421085 association with body mass index (BMI), macronutrient intake, and fatty acid intake. The association was evaluated using linear regression analyses assuming co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and additive genetic models. Results Only individuals with the CC genotype had a considerably higher BMI (p < 0.001), which indicates a recessive genetic trait, but the incidence for this genotype is low (68 TT + TC vs. 3 CC). Individuals with the minor C allele had an estimated increase of fat intake by 3.45–4.06% across various genetic models (dominant: p < 0.010, over-dominant: p < 0.030, additive: p < 0.010). Subjects with TC/CC genotypes had increased dietary monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 1.14%, p = 0.046) and saturated fatty acid (SAFA; 2.06%, p = 0.023) intakes, compared to those with the TT genotype. In conclusion, our study provided evidence for the association between FTO rs1421085 risk allele with higher BMI and individual preferences for consuming more fat, MUFA, and SAFA. This study highlights the important role of FTO gene in food preference, and its influence on body weight. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05823-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athraa Alaulddin Al-Jawadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Lidwina Priliani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sukma Oktavianthi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Clarissa A Febinia
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Mulianah Daya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - I Made Artika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia.,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
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Wolf RM, Nagpal M, Magge SN. Diabetes and cardiometabolic risk in South Asian youth: A review. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:52-66. [PMID: 32666595 PMCID: PMC8191592 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
South Asians are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease at lower body mass index compared to other ancestral groups. Many factors contribute to this increased risk, including genetics, maternal-fetal factors, diet, fitness, body composition, and unique pathophysiology. Increased cardiometabolic risk is also seen at younger ages in South Asian individuals as compared to their White counterparts. This risk persists in migrant communities outside of South Asia. With the growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in the South Asian population, it is imperative that we had better understand the mechanisms underlying this increased risk and implement strategies to address this growing public health problem during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa M Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Mohika Nagpal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sheela N. Magge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity in the Arab world: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1899-1913. [PMID: 34131278 PMCID: PMC8380539 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, one of the most common chronic health conditions worldwide, is a multifactorial disease caused by complex genetic and environmental interactions. Several association studies have revealed a considerable number of candidate loci for obesity; however, the genotype-phenotype correlations remain unclear. To date, no comprehensive systematic review has been conducted to investigate the genetic risk factors for obesity among Arabs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review the genetic polymorphisms that are significantly associated with obesity in Arabs. METHODS We searched four literature databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from inception until May 2020 to obtain all reported genetic data related to obesity in Arab populations. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed individually by three investigators. RESULTS In total, 59 studies comprising a total of 15,488 cases and 9,760 controls were included in the systematic review. A total of 76 variants located within or near 49 genes were reported to be significantly associated with obesity. Among the 76 variants, two were described as unique to Arabs, as they have not been previously reported in other populations, and 19 were reported to be distinctively associated with obesity in Arabs but not in non-Arab populations. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a unique genetic and clinical susceptibility profile of obesity in Arab patients.
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Alathari BE, Bodhini D, Jayashri R, Lakshmipriya N, Shanthi Rani CS, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Radha V, Pradeepa R, Vimaleswaran KS. A Nutrigenetic Approach to Investigate the Relationship between Metabolic Traits and Vitamin D Status in an Asian Indian Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1357. [PMID: 32397403 PMCID: PMC7285077 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in Asian Indians have examined the association of metabolic traits with vitamin D status. However, findings have been quite inconsistent. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic traits and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. We investigate whether this relationship was modified by lifestyle factors using a nutrigenetic approach in 545 Asian Indians randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (219 normal glucose tolerant individuals, 151 with pre-diabetes and 175 individuals with type 2 diabetes). A metabolic genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using five common metabolic disease-related genetic variants. There was a significant interaction between metabolic GRS and carbohydrate intake (energy%) on 25(OH)D (Pinteraction = 0.047). Individuals consuming a low carbohydrate diet (≤62%) and those having lesser number of metabolic risk alleles (GRS ≤ 1) had significantly higher levels of 25(OH)D (p = 0.033). Conversely, individuals consuming a high carbohydrate diet despite having lesser number of risk alleles did not show a significant increase in 25(OH)D (p = 0.662). In summary, our findings show that individuals carrying a smaller number of metabolic risk alleles are likely to have higher 25(OH)D levels if they consume a low carbohydrate diet. These data support the current dietary carbohydrate recommendations of 50%-60% energy suggesting that reduced metabolic genetic risk increases 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PO Box 14281, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 603103, India; (D.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Department of Biochemistry, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India;
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India; (N.L.); (V.S.)
| | | | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India; (N.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 603103, India; (D.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
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12
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The influence of polymorphisms of fat mass and obesity (FTO, rs9939609) and vitamin D receptor (VDR, BsmI, TaqI, ApaI, FokI) genes on weight loss by diet and exercise interventions in non-diabetic overweight/obese Asian Indians in North India. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:604-612. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sanghera DK, Bejar C, Sharma S, Gupta R, Blackett PR. Obesity genetics and cardiometabolic health: Potential for risk prediction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1088-1100. [PMID: 30667137 PMCID: PMC6530772 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing burden of obesity worldwide and its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is an opportunity for evaluation of preventive approaches. Both obesity and CVD have a genetic background and polymorphisms within genes which enhance expression of variant proteins that influence CVD in obesity. Genome-based prediction may therefore be a feasible strategy, but the identification of genetically driven risk factors for CVD manifesting as clinically recognized phenotypes is a major challenge. Clusters of such risk factors include hyperglycaemia, hypertension, ectopic liver fat, and inflammation. All involve multiple genetic pathways having complex interactions with variable environmental influences. The factors that make significant contributions to CVD risk include altered carbohydrate homeostasis, ectopic deposition of fat in muscle and liver, and inflammation, with contributions from the gut microbiome. A futuristic model depends on harnessing the predictive power of plausible genetic variants, phenotype reversibility, and effective therapeutic choices based on genotype-phenotype interactions. Inverting disease phenotypes into ideal cardiovascular health metrics could improve genetic and epigenetic assessment, and form the basis of a future model for risk detection and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Academic Research Development Unit, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Piers R. Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
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Mitra SR, Tan PY, Amini F. Effect ofFTOrs9930506 on obesity and interaction of the gene variants with dietary protein and vitamin E on C-reactive protein levels in multi-ethnic Malaysian adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 31:758-772. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Mitra
- School of Biosciences; Faculty of Science; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - P. Y. Tan
- School of Biosciences; Faculty of Science; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - F. Amini
- School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics & Regenerative Medicine; UCSI University; Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia
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Differential distribution and association of FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism with obesity: A cross-sectional study among two tribal populations of India with East-Asian ancestry. Gene 2018; 647:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khan SM, El Hajj Chehadeh S, Abdulrahman M, Osman W, Al Safar H. Establishing a genetic link between FTO and VDR gene polymorphisms and obesity in the Emirati population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:11. [PMID: 29343214 PMCID: PMC5773046 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a metabolic disease that is widely prevalent with approximately 600 million people classified as obese worldwide. Its etiology is multifactorial and involves a complex interplay between genes and the environment. Over the past few decades, obesity rates among the Emirati population have been increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely FTO (rs9939609) and VDR (rs1544410), with obesity in the UAE population. Methods This is a case-control study in which genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples of 201 obese, 115 overweight, and 98 normal subjects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Genotyping for the variants was performed using TaqMan assay. Results The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) ± SD for the obese, overweight, and normal subjects was 35.76 ± 4.54, 27.53 ± 1.45, and 22.69 ± 1.84 kg/m2, respectively. Increasing BMI values were associated with increase in values of HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There was a significant association observed between the FTO SNP rs9939609 and BMI (p = 0.028), with the minor allele A having a clear additive effect on BMI values. There was no significant association detected between BMI and rs1544410 of VDR. Moreover, significant interaction between the FTO rs9939609 and physical activity reduced the “AA” genotype effect on increase in BMI (p = 0.027). Conclusions Our study findings indicate that the minor allele A of the rs9939609 has a significant association with increasing BMI values. Moreover, our findings support the fact that increasing BMI is associated with increasing risks of other comorbidities such as higher blood pressure, poorer glycemic control, and higher triglycerides. In addition, physical activity was found to attenuate the effect of the “AA” genotype on the predisposition to higher BMI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Mahmud Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah El Hajj Chehadeh
- Khalifa University Centers of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehera Abdulrahman
- Department of Medical Educations, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Osman
- Khalifa University Centers of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- Khalifa University Centers of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. .,Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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17
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Mittal B, Srivastava A, Srivastava N. Is fat mass & obesity-associated (FTO) gene master regulator of obesity ? Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:264-6. [PMID: 27241637 PMCID: PMC4892070 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.182614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apurva Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh; Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226 024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neena Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226 024, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Wrzosek M, Zakrzewska A, Ruczko L, Jabłonowska-Lietz B, Nowicka G. Association between rs9930506 polymorphism of the fat mass & obesity-associated (FTO) gene & onset of obesity in Polish adults. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:281-7. [PMID: 27241640 PMCID: PMC4892073 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.182617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is known to be associated with obesity. However, no data are available on the relation between FTO rs9930506 polymorphism and obesity in Polish population. The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between rs9930506 variants of the FTO gene and obesity in Polish adults. METHODS The study group consisted of 442 adults, aged 33.9 ±12.7 yr, with mean BMI 27.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2. The following variables were determined for each subject: fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Real-time PCR was used to detect the A/G alleles of the rs9939506 polymorphism in the FTO gene. An association between the rs9930506 polymorphism and obesity was determined using codominant, dominant, and recessive models. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the risk of obesity associated with this polymorphism. RESULTS It was observed that the presence of FTO rs9939506 G allele was associated with increased risk for obesity and this association was found significant in both recessive (OR = 1.72, P = 0.014) and co-dominant (OR = 1.36, P = 0.031) models of inheritance. The FTO rs9939506 GG homozygotes had a significantly higher BMI than those with other genotypes. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS This study shows that FTO rs9939506 GG genotype is related to higher BMI and is associated with obesity in Polish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zakrzewska
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lech Ruczko
- National Food & Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Yang Q, Xiao T, Guo J, Su Z. Complex Relationship between Obesity and the Fat Mass and Obesity Locus. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:615-629. [PMID: 28539834 PMCID: PMC5441178 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, obesity has become a serious problem because of increasing obese patients and numerous metabolic complications. The primary reasons for this situation are environmental and genetic factors. In 2007, FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) was the first gene identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) associated with obesity in humans. Subsequently, a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the FTO gene was discovered to be associated with BMI and body composition. Various studies have explored the mechanistic basis behind this association. Thus, emerging evidence showed that FTO plays a key role regulating adipose tissue development and functions in body size and composition. Recent prevalent research topic concentrated in the three neighboring genes of FTO: RPGRIP1L, IRX3 and IRX5, as having a functional link between obesity-associated common variants within FTO and the observed human phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive picture of the impact of FTO on obesity susceptibility and to illuminate these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Yang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.,Guangzhou Boxabio Technology Ltd, Guangzhou Science City, P R China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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20
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Yang Y, Liu B, Xia W, Yan J, Liu HY, Hu L, Liu SM. FTO Genotype and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Spatial Analysis and Meta-Analysis of 62 Case-Control Studies from Different Regions. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E70. [PMID: 28208657 PMCID: PMC5333059 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem that results from the interaction of environmental factors with genetic variants. Although a number of studies have suggested that genetic polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are associated with T2DM risk, the results have been inconsistent. To investigate whether FTO polymorphisms associate with T2DM risk and whether this association is region-related, we performed this spatial analysis and meta-analysis. More than 60,000 T2DM patients and 90,000 controls from 62 case-control studies were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Moran's I statistic were used to estimate the association between FTO rs9939609, rs8050136, rs1421085, and rs17817499, and T2DM risk in different regions. rs9939609 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.19) and rs8050136 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.18) conferred a predisposition to T2DM. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the association remained statistically significant for rs9939609 (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.17) and rs8050136 (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.12). In the subgroup analysis of rs9939609 and rs8050136, similar results were observed in East Asia, while no association was found in North America. In South Asia, an association for rs9939609 was revealed but not for rs8050136. In addition, no relationship was found with rs1421085 or rs17817499 regardless of adjustment for BMI. Moran's I statistic showed that significant positive spatial autocorrelations existed in rs9939609 and rs8050136. Studies on rs9939609 and rs8050136 focused on East Asia and South Asia, whereas studies on rs1421085 and rs17817499 were distributed in North America and North Africa. Our data suggest that the associations between FTO rs9939609, rs8050136 and T2DM are region-related, and the two single-nucleotide polymorphisms contribute to an increased risk of T2DM. Future studies should investigate this issue in more regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Geography, Wilkeson Hall, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA.
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Hubei Meteorological Information and Technology Support Center, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Huan-Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Singh RK, Kumar P, Mahalingam K. Molecular genetics of human obesity: A comprehensive review. C R Biol 2017; 340:87-108. [PMID: 28089486 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related health complications is a major problem worldwide. Hypothalamus and their signalling molecules play a critical role in the intervening and coordination with energy balance and homeostasis. Genetic factors play a crucial role in determining an individual's predisposition to the weight gain and being obese. In the past few years, several genetic variants were identified as monogenic forms of human obesity having success over common polygenic forms. In the context of molecular genetics, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) approach and their findings signified a number of genetic variants predisposing to obesity. However, the last couple of years, it has also been noticed that alterations in the environmental and epigenetic factors are one of the key causes of obesity. Hence, this review might be helpful in the current scenario of molecular genetics of human obesity, obesity-related health complications (ORHC), and energy homeostasis. Future work based on the clinical discoveries may play a role in the molecular dissection of genetic approaches to find more obesity-susceptible gene loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar Singh
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India
| | - Permendra Kumar
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India
| | - Kulandaivelu Mahalingam
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India.
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Das A, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Lima JAC, Freedman JE, Spahillari A, Das R, Das S, Shah RV, Murthy VL. Cardiometabolic disease in South Asians: A global health concern in an expanding population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:32-40. [PMID: 27612985 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. As an emerging population, South Asians (SAs) bear a disproportionately high burden of CVD relative to underlying classical risk factors, partly attributable to a greater prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes and distinct genetic and epigenetic influences. While the phenotypic distinctions between SAs and other ethnicities in CVD risk are becoming increasingly clear, the biology of these conditions remains an area of active investigation, with emerging studies involving metabolism, genetic variation and epigenetic modifiers (e.g., extracellular RNA). In this review, we describe the current literature on prevalence, prognosis and CVD risk in SAs, and provide a landscape of translational research in this field toward ameliorating CVD risk in SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Ambale-Venkatesh
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J A C Lima
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J E Freedman
- Department of Cardiology, UMass Memorial Health Care, MA, USA
| | - A Spahillari
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Das
- The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - S Das
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R V Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - V L Murthy
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Srivastava A, Mittal B, Prakash J, Srivastava P, Srivastava N, Srivastava N. A multianalytical approach to evaluate the association of 55 SNPs in 28 genes with obesity risk in North Indian adults. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27650258 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the association of 55 SNPs in 28 genes with obesity risk in a North Indian population using a multianalytical approach. METHODS Overall, 480 subjects from the North Indian population were studied using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. SNP Genotyping was carried out by Sequenom Mass ARRAY platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA) and validated Taqman® allelic discrimination (Applied Biosystems® ). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 19.0, SNPStats, GMDR software (version 6) and GENEMANIA. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis of 55 SNPs revealed significant associations (P < .05) of 49 SNPs with BMI linked obesity risk whereas the remaining 6 SNPs revealed no association (P > .05). The pathway-wise G-score revealed the significant role (P = .0001) of food intake-energy expenditure pathway genes. In CART analysis, the combined genotypes of FTO rs9939609 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 revealed the highest risk for BMI linked obesity. The analysis of the FTO-IRX3 locus revealed high LD and high order gene-gene interactions for BMI linked obesity. The interaction network of all of the associated genes in the present study generated by GENEMANIA revealed direct and indirect connections. In addition, the analysis with centralized obesity revealed that none of the SNPs except for FTO rs17818902 were significantly associated (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In this multi-analytical approach, FTO rs9939609 and IRX3 rs3751723, along with TCF7L2 rs7903146 and TMEM18 rs6548238, emerged as the major SNPs contributing to BMI linked obesity risk in the North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Srivastava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Pranjal Srivastava
- Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital Near Karpuri Chowk Benta Laheriasarai Darbhanga, Bihar, 846003, India
| | - Nimisha Srivastava
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS), National Highway 31A, Upper Tadong, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim
| | - Neena Srivastava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
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Vimaleswaran KS, Bodhini D, Lakshmipriya N, Ramya K, Anjana RM, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Kinra S, Mohan V, Radha V. Interaction between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors on metabolic traits in an Asian Indian population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:39. [PMID: 27274759 PMCID: PMC4891824 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity have been shown to modify the association between fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene variants and metabolic traits in several populations; however, there are no gene-lifestyle interaction studies, to date, among Asian Indians living in India. In this study, we examined whether dietary factors and physical activity modified the association between two FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8050136 and rs11076023) (SNPs) and obesity traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods The study included 734 unrelated T2D and 884 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) participants randomly selected from the urban component of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated interviewer administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity was based upon the self-report. Interaction analyses were performed by including the interaction terms in the linear/logistic regression model. Results There was a significant interaction between SNP rs8050136 and carbohydrate intake (% energy) (Pinteraction = 0.04), where the ‘A’ allele carriers had 2.46 times increased risk of obesity than those with ‘CC’ genotype (P = 3.0 × 10−5) among individuals in the highest tertile of carbohydrate intake (% energy, 71 %). A significant interaction was also observed between SNP rs11076023 and dietary fibre intake (Pinteraction = 0.0008), where individuals with AA genotype who are in the 3rd tertile of dietary fibre intake had 1.62 cm lower waist circumference than those with ‘T’ allele carriers (P = 0.02). Furthermore, among those who were physically inactive, the ‘A’ allele carriers of the SNP rs8050136 had 1.89 times increased risk of obesity than those with ‘CC’ genotype (P = 4.0 × 10−5). Conclusions This is the first study to provide evidence for a gene-diet and gene-physical activity interaction on obesity and T2D in an Asian Indian population. Our findings suggest that the association between FTO SNPs and obesity might be influenced by carbohydrate and dietary fibre intake and physical inactivity. Further understanding of how FTO gene influences obesity and T2D through dietary and exercise interventions is warranted to advance the development of behavioral intervention and personalised lifestyle strategies, which could reduce the risk of metabolic diseases in this Asian Indian population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0098-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - N Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - K Ramya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - R Mohan Anjana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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Qureshi SA, Mumtaz A, Shahid SU, Shabana NA. rs3751812, a common variant in fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, is associated with serum high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Pakistani individuals. Nutrition 2016; 39-40:92-95. [PMID: 27324062 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a common variant of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene, rs3751812 in obese Pakistani individuals, compare this effect with nonobese controls of the same ethnicity, and then correlate it with serum lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. METHODS We genotyped 475 samples using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were measured. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22 and the results were analyzed for any significant associations. RESULTS Results demonstrated that the variant is significantly associated with obesity in Pakistan. The study found, for the first time, that the variant has a significant effect on lowering HDL-C and increasing LDL-C. Among anthropometric measures, the variant showed significant association with body mass index and weight. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the FTO variant is consistently associated with obesity in the Pakistani population and its association with anthropometric and lipid parameters show that it may mediate its role by altering fat deposition and disturbing serum lipid profile. However, future studies with larger sample size are needed to validate the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anwar Qureshi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Mumtaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N A Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Zhang YP, Zhang YY, Duan DD. From Genome-Wide Association Study to Phenome-Wide Association Study: New Paradigms in Obesity Research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:185-231. [PMID: 27288830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated over an extent that increases the risk of many chronic diseases. The current clinical classification of obesity is based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. However, these measurements do not account for the wide individual variations in fat distribution, degree of fatness or health risks, and genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this review, we will address this important issue with the introduction of phenome, phenomics, and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We will discuss the new paradigm shift from GWAS to PheWAS in obesity research. In the era of precision medicine, phenomics and PheWAS provide the required approaches to better definition and classification of obesity according to the association of obese phenome with their unique molecular makeup, lifestyle, and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Zhang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D D Duan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.
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Prakash J, Mittal B, Srivastava A, Awasthi S, Srivastava N. Association of FTO rs9939609 SNP with Obesity and Obesity- Associated Phenotypes in a North Indian Population. Oman Med J 2016; 31:99-106. [PMID: 27168919 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a common disorder that has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Twin and adoption studies support the genetic influence on variation of obesity, and the estimates of the heritability of body mass index (BMI) is significantly high (30 to 70%). Variants in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with obesity and obesity-related phenotypes in different populations. The aim of this study was to examine the association of FTO rs9939609 with obesity and related phenotypes in North Indian subjects. . METHODS Gene variants were investigated for association with obesity in 309 obese and 333 non-obese patients. Genotyping of the FTO rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was analyzed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR-Amplified Fragments. We also measured participants fasting glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, percentage body fat, fat mass and fat free mass. . RESULTS Waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, percentage body fat, fat mass, insulin concentration, and homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-Index) showed a significant difference between the study groups. Significant associations were found for FTO rs9939609 SNP with obesity and obesity-related phenotypes. The significant associations were observed between the rs9939609 SNP and blood pressure, fat mass, insulin, and HOMA-index under a different model. . CONCLUSION This study presents significant association between FTO rs9939609 and obesity defined by BMI and also established the strong association with several measures of obesity in North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apurva Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shally Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neena Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fawwad A, Siddiqui IA, Basit A, Zeeshan NF, Shahid SM, Nawab SN, Siddiqui S. Common variant within the FTO gene, rs9939609, obesity and type 2 diabetes in population of Karachi, Pakistan. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:43-47. [PMID: 25757373 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of genetic variants within the FTO gene (rs9939609) on obesity related traits and type 2 diabetes in South Asian population of Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Baqai Medical University situated in Karachi. A total of 296 patients with known type 2 diabetes and 198 controls aged greater than and equal to 45 years were recruited. The Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data was collected on a structured questionnaire. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FTO gene was identified by Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). Association between the single nucleotide polymorphism and categorical variables such as type 2 diabetes and obesity category was tested through logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We observed a strong association of the minor allele A at rs9939609 with type 2 diabetes. Significant difference was observed in frequency of FTO genotype when diabetic subjects were compared with controls in co dominant, dominant and recessive models. This association remained significant even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and for waist circumference. The frequency of homozygous risk Alleles (AA) was found to be higher in obese & overweight (≥ 23 kg/m(2)) and females with central obesity in our study population. The association of FTO variant with BMI and central obesity does not reach to statistical significance. CONCLUSION In the study population of South Asian ancestry, variants of the FTO gene predispose to type 2 diabetes, but not entirely through their effect on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Fawwad
- Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No. 2, Karachi 74600, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, 51, Deh Tor, Gadap Road, Near Toll Plaza, Super Highway, P.O. Box No 2407, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, 51, Deh Tor, Gadap Road, Near Toll Plaza, Super Highway, P.O. Box No 2407, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No. 2, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Fatima Zeeshan
- Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No. 2, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Shahid
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Nuzhat Nawab
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Siddiqui
- Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No. 2, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
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Yako YY, Madubedube JH, Kengne AP, Erasmus RT, Pillay TS, Matsha TE. Contribution of ENPP1, TCF7L2, and FTO polymorphisms to type 2 diabetes in mixed ancestry ethnic population of South Africa. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:1149-60. [PMID: 26958016 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2), fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO), and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase gene (ENPP1) are known risk loci for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mostly in European populations. OBJECTIVES To assess the association of these genes with T2DM risk in a South African mixed-ancestry population. METHODS Five hundred and sixty six participants were genotyped for ENPP1-rs997509 and -rs1044498, FTO-9941349 and -rs3751812, TCF7L2-rs12255372 and -rs7903146 polymorphisms using Taqman genotyping assays and validated by automated sequencing to assess the association of the polymorphisms with cardiometabolic traits. RESULTS In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance, minor allele of rs997509 was associated with a higher risk of prevalent T2DM under a recessive model [odd ratio 4.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 19.86); p = 0.040].Under additive model, the rs7903146 [1.43 (1.00 to 2.04); p= 0.053] and rs9941349 [1.43 (1.00 to 2.04); p = 0.052] minor alleles showed marginally significant associations with a high risk of T2DM. However, only the rs7903146 alleles (p=0.011) and genotypes (p=0.025) distributions were statistically significantly different between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that ENPP1, TCF7L2, and FTO may predispose to T2DM in the mixed-ancestry population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandiswa Y Yako
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Jabulisile H Madubedube
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tahir S Pillay
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology, University of Pretoria
| | - Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Shabana, Ullah Shahid S, Wah Li K, Acharya J, Cooper JA, Hasnain S, Humphries SE. Effect of six type II diabetes susceptibility loci and an FTO variant on obesity in Pakistani subjects. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:903-10. [PMID: 26395551 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to analyze the effect of six type II diabetes GWAS loci rs3923113 (GRB14), rs16861329 (ST6GAL1), rs1802295 (VPS26A), rs7178572 (HMG20A), rs2028299 (AP3S2) and rs4812829 (HNF4A), and an FTO polymorphism (rs9939609) on obesity. The probable mechanism of action of these SNPs was analyzed by studying their association with various biochemical and anthropometric parameters. A total of 475 subjects (obese=250, controls=225) were genotyped by TaqMan assay and their lipid profile was determined. Allele/genotype frequencies and an unweighted/weighted gene score were calculated. The effect of the gene score on anthropometric and biochemical parameters was analyzed. The minor allele frequencies of all variants were comparable to that reported in the original studies and were associated with obesity in these Pakistani subjects. Subjects with 9 risk alleles differ from those with <3 and overall there is no significant effect (P-value for trend 0.26). None of the SNPs were associated with any of the serum lipid traits. We are the first to report the association of these T2D SNPs with obesity. In the Pakistani population the reported effect of six SNPs for obesity is similar to that reported for T2D and having a combination of risk alleles on obesity can be considerable. The mechanism of this effect is unclear, but appears not to be mediated by changing serum lipid chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ka Wah Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Building, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jayshree Acharya
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Building, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Building, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Stephen E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Building, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Effect of the Common Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene Variants on Obesity in Pakistani Population: A Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:852920. [PMID: 26357660 PMCID: PMC4555445 DOI: 10.1155/2015/852920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective. Obesity has become a global epidemic due to an increase in the number of obese individuals worldwide. There is little research in the field of obesity genetics in Pakistan. The aim of the current study was to analyze the association of common variants in Fat Mass and Obesity associated (FTO) gene with obesity in Pakistan, to find out the effect of the selected SNPs on anthropometric and biochemical traits, and to observe whether these variants act synergistically. Methods. Samples from 631 subjects were taken after informed consent and were used for serum parameters and genetic analysis. Lipid profile was determined, tetra-ARMS PCR was used for genotyping, and allele/genotype frequencies and genescore were calculated. Results. All FTO variants were associated with obesity, and some biochemical and anthropometric measures and had higher minor allele frequencies than those reported for Asian populations previously. The risk allele of each single nucleotide polymorphism resulted in an increase in BMI in a quantitative manner. Conclusion. Common forms of obesity are due to a combined net effect of many variants presented in same or different genes. The more the number of risk alleles present, the higher the risk and severity of obesity resulting from an increase in BMI.
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Phani NM, Vohra M, Rajesh S, Adhikari P, Nagri SK, D’Souza SC, Satyamoorthy K, Rai PS. Implications of critical PPARγ2, ADIPOQ and FTO gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and obesity-mediated susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in an Indian population. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:193-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Iqbal R, Jahan N, Hanif A. Epidemiology and Management Cost of Myocardial Infarction in North Punjab, Pakistan. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e13776. [PMID: 26421164 PMCID: PMC4583611 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.13776v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. The temporal trends in the risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) and the impact of socioeconomic status on these risk factors remain ambiguous. Objectives: The objectives of the present analysis were to investigate the potential association between various risk factors and MI in North Punjab, Pakistan, and to assess the status of the control of the risk factors associated with MI in this population. Patients and Methods: The present study included 515 patients admitted to the coronary care units or equivalent cardiology wards of the participating hospitals between 2011 and 2012 in North Punjab, Pakistan. The analysis was focused on identifying the socioeconomic status, lifestyle, family history of MI, and risk factors (i.e. hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and hyperlipidemia). A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data. The lipid profile was recorded from the investigation chart of every patient. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, and chi-square tests were used. Results: MI was common in the males at the age of 41 - 60 years as compared to the females (P = 0.015). Patients with a positive parental history of CHD experienced MI at a younger age (P = 0.0001) at a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 kg/m2. Sedentary lifestyle (70%) and smoking (60%) had a male predominance. Hypertension accounted for nearly 37%, hyperlipidemia 26%, and diabetes 19.4% of the rural and urban subjects (P < 0.01). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (up to 34 mg/dl), while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertension increased with age. The mean monthly cost of medicines and physicians’ fees per patient was 2381.132 Pakistani Rupees (24.24 USD). Conclusions: Higher BMI, positive family history, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were the strong predictors of MI in North Punjab, Pakistan. Preventive efforts are needed to start early in life and continue throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding Author: Riffat Iqbal, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan. Tel: +92-3327272842, E-mail:
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atif Hanif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng Y, Huang T, Zhang X, Rood J, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Dietary Fat Modifies the Effects of FTO Genotype on Changes in Insulin Sensitivity. J Nutr 2015; 145:977-82. [PMID: 25761503 PMCID: PMC4408741 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.210005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common variants in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Recently, studies also linked FTO variants with macronutrient intakes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether diet interventions varying in macronutrients modified the effects of FTO genotypes on changes in insulin resistance. METHODS We genotyped FTO variants rs1558902 and rs9939609 and measured insulin resistance in fasting plasma samples at baseline and at 6-mo and 2-y visits in 743 overweight or obese adults (aged 30-70 y, 60% women) from a randomized weight-loss dietary interventional trial, the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial. We assessed interactions between FTO variants and intakes of dietary fat and protein in relation to change in body weight and insulin resistance using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS We found significant interactions between rs1558902 and dietary fat on changes in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin (P = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Each risk allele (A) of rs1558902 showed a trend to be related to a 0.05-unit less reduction in both log(insulin) and log(HOMA-IR) among the participants assigned to low-fat diets (both P = 0.06), but this was not significantly related to reduction in those assigned to high-fat diets (both P > 0.1) during the 2-y period of intervention. Our data showed that the association between rs9939609 and changes in insulin resistance was not modified by diet macronutrient intakes. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that carriers of the risk alleles of rs1558902 benefit differently in improving insulin sensitivity by consuming high-fat weight-loss diets rather than low-fat diets. Still, given our data, we acknowledge it is difficult to determine whether fat or carbohydrate contributed to the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Andraweera PH, Dekker GA, Jayasekara RW, Dissanayake VHW, Roberts CT. The obesity-related FTO gene variant associates with the risk of recurrent miscarriage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 94:722-726. [PMID: 25845303 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism with recurrent miscarriage. DESIGN Candidate gene association study. SETTING Human Genetics Unit, Colombo, Sri Lanka. POPULATION A total of 202 Sinhalese women with two or more first-trimester miscarriages and no living children (cases) and 202 age- and ethnicity-matched women with no history of miscarriage and having two or more living children (controls). METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from the participants and DNA was extracted. Genotyping was performed at the Australian genome Research Facility using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Genotype and allele frequencies of cases were compared with controls using chi-squared testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphism in cases and controls. RESULTS The mean age of the women in the recurrent miscarriage group was 31.9 ± 0.4 years and that of the control group was 32.3 ± 0.3 years. Of the women in the recurrent miscarriage group, 140 (69.3%) had experienced three or more first-trimester miscarriages. The prevalence of the AA genotype [p = 0.0002, odds ratio (95% CI) = 3.8 (1.8-8.0)] and A allele [p = 0.002, odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.6 (1.2-2.2)] of the FTO rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism were increased in women in the recurrent miscarriage group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The obesity-related FTO rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism associates with recurrent miscarriage. This finding warrants further investigation with controlling for important factors such as body mass index, diabetes and cardiovascular disease status. The single nucleotide polymorphism may be useful in predicting the risk of recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha H Andraweera
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Women's and Children's Division, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rohan W Jayasekara
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Claire T Roberts
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Fawwad A, Siddiqui IA, Zeeshan NF, Shahid SM, Basit A. Association of SNP rs9939609 in FTO gene with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic subjects, rectruited from a tertiary care unit of Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:140-5. [PMID: 25878631 PMCID: PMC4386174 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.311.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the association of SNP in FTO gene, rs9939609, with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in type 2 diabetic subjects at a tertiary care unit of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: We genotyped FTO rs9939609 SNP in 296 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE). MS was defined on the basis of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education program (NCEP) criterion. Association between the rs9939609 SNP and MS was tested through chi-square and Z-tests by using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The frequency of MS as defined by IDF criterion was significantly higher in female subjects as compared to male subjects (p= 0.006). Carriers of ≥ 1 copy of the rs9939609 A allele were significantly more likely to had MS (69.6%) than non-carriers (30.4%), corresponding to a carrier odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] (0.29-0.93), with a similar trend for the ATP III-defined MS.“A” allele carriers under dominant model, carry all the criterion of MS more significantly as compared to non-carriers. Conclusion: The FTO rs9939609 SNP was associated with an increased risk for Metabolic Syndrome in type 2 diabetic populations at a tertiary care unit of Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Fawwad
- Asher Fawwad, M.Phil. Assistant Professor, Senior Research Scientist, Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed Siddiqui
- Iftikhar Ahmed Siddiqui, PhD. Chairman& Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Fatima Zeeshan
- Nimra Fatima Zeeshan, B.E (Bio Engineering). Research Officer, Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Shahid
- Syed Muhammad Shahid, Assistant Professor,The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Abdul Basit, FRCP. Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan
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Apalasamy YD, Mohamed Z. Obesity and genomics: role of technology in unraveling the complex genetic architecture of obesity. Hum Genet 2015; 134:361-74. [PMID: 25687726 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that occurs as a result of the interaction between "obesogenic" environmental factors and genetic components. Although the genetic component of obesity is clear from the heritability studies, the genetic basis remains largely elusive. Successes have been achieved in identifying the causal genes for monogenic obesity using animal models and linkage studies, but these approaches are not fruitful for polygenic obesity. The developments of genome-wide association approach have brought breakthrough discovery of genetic variants for polygenic obesity where tens of new susceptibility loci were identified. However, the common SNPs only accounted for a proportion of heritability. The arrival of NGS technologies and completion of 1000 Genomes Project have brought other new methods to dissect the genetic architecture of obesity, for example, the use of exome genotyping arrays and deep sequencing of candidate loci identified from GWAS to study rare variants. In this review, we summarize and discuss the developments of these genetic approaches in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamunah Devi Apalasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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Basit A, Riaz M, Fawwad A. Improving diabetes care in developing countries: the example of Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 107:224-32. [PMID: 25467615 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pakistan is a developing country with limited recourses and diverse economic social patterns. Pakistan has high prevalence of diabetes and its complication, which is a huge challenge to the existing health care system. The major contributing risk factors are urbanization and change in lifestyle, maternal and fetal malnutrition and genetic factors. National action plans for control of diabetes have been made since 1995 but actions in this regard were not perfect. Training of primary care physicians and development of multidisciplinary diabetes care teams was initiated. Prioritization strategies were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidance, mainly focusing on diabetic foot, diabetes education and children with diabetes. Researches for better understanding and management of diabetes in Pakistan were undertaken. Collaboration between various stakeholders was promoted at national and international level. In summary, public private relationships and development of multifaceted approaches is expected to improve the lives of millions of diabetics of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Department of Medicine Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No. 2, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Musarrat Riaz
- Department of Medicine Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No. 2, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Asher Fawwad
- Baqai Medical University Senior Research Scientist Research Department Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No. 2, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
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Merkestein M, Sellayah D. Role of FTO in Adipocyte Development and Function: Recent Insights. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:521381. [PMID: 26788058 PMCID: PMC4695642 DOI: 10.1155/2015/521381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2007, FTO was identified as the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) gene associated with obesity in humans. Since then, various animal models have served to establish the mechanistic basis behind this association. Many earlier studies focussed on FTO's effects on food intake via central mechanisms. Emerging evidence, however, implicates adipose tissue development and function in the causal relationship between perturbations in FTO expression and obesity. The purpose of this mini review is to shed light on these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue and present a clearer picture of its impact on obesity susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrte Merkestein
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Dyan Sellayah
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, UK
- *Dyan Sellayah:
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Abstract
The rising prevalence of diabetes in South Asians has significant health and economic implications. South Asians are predisposed to the development of diabetes due to biologic causes which are exacerbated by lifestyle and environmental factors. Furthermore, they experience significant morbidity and mortality from complications of diabetes, most notably coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology and genetics of diabetes risk factors and its associated complications in South Asians is paramount to curbing the diabetes epidemic. With this understanding, the appropriate screening, preventative and therapeutic strategies can be implemented and further developed. In this review, we discuss in detail the biologic and lifestyle factors that predispose South Asians to diabetes and review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes in South Asians. We also review the ongoing and completed diabetes prevention and management studies in South Asians.
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Feng Y, Wang F, Pan H, Qiu S, Lü J, Wu L, Wang J, Lu C. Obesity-associated gene FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in relation to the risk of tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:592. [PMID: 25377722 PMCID: PMC4226896 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is known to affect cell-mediated immune responses. Recent studies have revealed that genetic polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene are related to human obesity. We hypothesize that this gene may also play a role in the risk of immune-related infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. METHODS This case-control study included 1625 pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 1570 unaffected controls recruited from the Jiangsu province in China. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs9939609 and rs8050136, in the FTO gene were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the unconditional logistic regression model. RESULTS We observed a significant association between the genetic polymorphism rs9939609 and tuberculosis risk. Compared with the common genotype TT, individuals carrying AA had a significantly increased risk, with an OR of 3.77 (95% CI: 2.26-6.28). After adjusting for potential confounders, the relationship remains significant. An additive model showed that carriers of an allele A had a 26% increased risk of tuberculosis compared with the T allele (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.48). Compared with the common haplotype rs9939609T-rs8050136C, the haplotype rs9939609A-rs8050136C was related to an increased risk of tuberculosis (OR = 6.09, 95% CI: 3.27-12.34). CONCLUSIONS The FTO polymorphism rs9939609 is associated with a risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chinese population.
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Sohani ZN, Deng WQ, Pare G, Meyre D, Gerstein HC, Anand SS. Does genetic heterogeneity account for the divergent risk of type 2 diabetes in South Asian and white European populations? Diabetologia 2014; 57:2270-81. [PMID: 25145545 PMCID: PMC4180911 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS South Asians are up to four times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than white Europeans. It is postulated that the higher prevalence results from greater genetic risk. To evaluate this hypothesis, we: (1) systematically reviewed the literature for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predisposing to type 2 diabetes in South Asians; (2) compared risk estimates, risk alleles and risk allele frequencies of predisposing SNPs between South Asians and white Europeans; and (3) tested the association of novel SNPs discovered from South Asians in white Europeans. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Cochrane registry were searched for studies of genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes in South Asians. Meta-analysis estimates for common and novel bi-allelic SNPs in South Asians were compared with white Europeans from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium. The population burden from predisposing SNPs was assessed using a genotype score. RESULTS Twenty-four SNPs from 21 loci were associated with type 2 diabetes in South Asians after meta-analysis. The majority of SNPs increase odds of the disorder by 15-35% per risk allele. No substantial differences appear to exist in risk estimates between South Asians and white Europeans from SNPs common to both groups, and the population burden also does not differ. Eight of the 24 are novel SNPs discovered from South Asian genome-wide association studies, some of which show nominal associations with type 2 diabetes in white Europeans. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Based on current literature there is no strong evidence to indicate that South Asians possess a greater genetic risk of type 2 diabetes than white Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra N Sohani
- Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4L8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obesity and diabetes commonly co-exist, the evidence base to support obesity as the major driver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the mechanisms by which this occurs, are now better appreciated. DISCUSSION This review briefly examines several sources of evidence - epidemiological, genetic, molecular, and clinical trial - to support obesity being a causal risk factor for T2DM. It also summarises the ectopic fat hypothesis for this condition, and lists several pieces of evidence to support this concept, extending from rare conditions and drug effects to sex- and ethnicity-related differences in T2DM prevalence. Ectopic liver fat is the best-studied example of ectopic fat, but more research on pancreatic fat as a potential cause of β-cell dysfunction seems warranted. This ectopic fat concept, in turn, broadly fits with the observation that individuals of similar ages can develop diabetes at markedly different body mass indexes (BMIs). Those with risk factors leading to more rapid ectopic fat gain - for example, men (compared with women), certain ethnicities, and potentially those with a family history of diabetes, as well as others with genes linked to a reduced subcutaneous adiposity - are more likely to develop diabetes at a younger age and/or lower BMI than those without. SUMMARY Obesity is the major risk factor for T2DM and appears to drive tissue insulin resistance in part via gain of ectopic fat, with the best-studied organ being the liver. However, ectopic fat in the pancreas may contribute to β-cell dysfunction. In line with this observation, rapid resolution of diabetes linked to a preferential and rapid reduction in liver fat has been noted with significant caloric reduction. Whether these observations can help develop better cost-effective and sustainable lifestyle /medical interventions in patients with T2DM requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Kong X, Zhang X, Zhao Q, He J, Chen L, Zhao Z, Li Q, Ge J, Chen G, Guo X, Lu J, Weng J, Jia W, Ji L, Xiao J, Shan Z, Liu J, Tian H, Ji Q, Zhu D, Zhou Z, Shan G, Yang W. Obesity-related genomic loci are associated with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104486. [PMID: 25093408 PMCID: PMC4122466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of genetic loci associated with obesity. The aim of this study is to examine the contribution of obesity-related genomic loci to type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. METHODS We successfully genotyped 18 obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms among 5338 type 2 diabetic patients and 4663 controls. Both individual and joint effects of these single nucleotide polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes and quantitative glycemic traits (assessing β-cell function and insulin resistance) were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS Two single nucleotide polymorphisms near MC4R and GNPDA2 genes were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes before adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (OR (95% CI) = 1.14 (1.06, 1.22) for the A allele of rs12970134, P = 4.75×10(-4); OR (95% CI) = 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) for the G allele of rs10938397, P = 4.54×10(-3)). When body mass index and waist circumference were further adjusted, the association of MC4R with type 2 diabetes remained significant (P = 1.81×10(-2)) and that of GNPDA2 was attenuated (P = 1.26×10(-1)), suggesting the effect of the locus including GNPDA2 on type 2 diabetes may be mediated through obesity. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs2260000 within BAT2 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (P = 1.04×10(-2)). In addition, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (near or within SEC16B, BDNF, MAF and PRL genes) showed significant associations with quantitative glycemic traits in controls even after adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (all P values<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that obesity-related genomic loci were associated with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiapu Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region's Hospital, Urmqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen University Third Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Batool A, Jahan N, Sun Y, Hanif A, Xue H. Genetic association of IDE, POU2F1, PON1, IL1α and IL1β with type 2 diabetes in Pakistani population. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3063-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cronin RM, Field JR, Bradford Y, Shaffer CM, Carroll RJ, Mosley JD, Bastarache L, Edwards TL, Hebbring SJ, Lin S, Hindorff LA, Crane PK, Pendergrass SA, Ritchie MD, Crawford DC, Pathak J, Bielinski SJ, Carrell DS, Crosslin DR, Ledbetter DH, Carey DJ, Tromp G, Williams MS, Larson EB, Jarvik GP, Peissig PL, Brilliant MH, McCarty CA, Chute CG, Kullo IJ, Bottinger E, Chisholm R, Smith ME, Roden DM, Denny JC. Phenome-wide association studies demonstrating pleiotropy of genetic variants within FTO with and without adjustment for body mass index. Front Genet 2014; 5:250. [PMID: 25177340 PMCID: PMC4134007 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) have demonstrated utility in validating genetic associations derived from traditional genetic studies as well as identifying novel genetic associations. Here we used an electronic health record (EHR)-based PheWAS to explore pleiotropy of genetic variants in the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO), some of which have been previously associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We used a population of 10,487 individuals of European ancestry with genome-wide genotyping from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network and another population of 13,711 individuals of European ancestry from the BioVU DNA biobank at Vanderbilt genotyped using Illumina HumanExome BeadChip. A meta-analysis of the two study populations replicated the well-described associations between FTO variants and obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.11-1.24, p = 2.10 × 10(-9)) and FTO variants and T2D (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.08-1.21, p = 2.34 × 10(-6)). The meta-analysis also demonstrated that FTO variant rs8050136 was significantly associated with sleep apnea (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.22, p = 3.33 × 10(-5)); however, the association was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Novel phenotype associations with obesity-associated FTO variants included fibrocystic breast disease (rs9941349, OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.91, p = 5.41 × 10(-5)) and trends toward associations with non-alcoholic liver disease and gram-positive bacterial infections. FTO variants not associated with obesity demonstrated other potential disease associations including non-inflammatory disorders of the cervix and chronic periodontitis. These results suggest that genetic variants in FTO may have pleiotropic associations, some of which are not mediated by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Cronin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
- *Correspondence: Robert M. Cronin, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 220 Garland 440 EBL, Nashville, TN 37232, USA e-mail:
| | - Julie R. Field
- Office of Research, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian M. Shaffer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D. Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott J. Hebbring
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research FoundationMarshfield, WI, USA
| | - Simon Lin
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research FoundationMarshfield, WI, USA
| | - Lucia A. Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah A. Pendergrass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Jyotishman Pathak
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Statistics, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - David R. Crosslin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David J. Carey
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health SystemDanville, PA, USA
| | - Gerard Tromp
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health SystemDanville, PA, USA
| | - Marc S. Williams
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health SystemDanville, PA, USA
| | | | - Gail P. Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Peggy L. Peissig
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research FoundationMarshfield, WI, USA
| | - Murray H. Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research FoundationMarshfield, WI, USA
| | | | - Christopher G. Chute
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Statistics, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Erwin Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA
| | - Rex Chisholm
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Maureen E. Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Dan M. Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua C. Denny
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
- Joshua C. Denny, Department of Biomedical Informatics and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203-8820, USA e-mail:
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47
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Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster in the first intron of fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene are associated obesity traits in genome-wide association studies. The minor allele increases BMI by 0.39 kg/m(2) (or 1,130 g in body weight) and risk of obesity by 1.20-fold. This association has been confirmed across age groups and populations of diverse ancestry; the largest effect is seen in young adulthood. The effect of FTO SNPs on obesity traits in populations of African and Asian ancestry is similar or somewhat smaller than in European ancestry populations. However, the BMI-increasing allele in FTO is substantially less prevalent in populations with non-European ancestry. FTO SNPs do not influence physical activity levels; yet, in physically active individuals, FTO's effect on obesity susceptibility is attenuated by approximately 30%. Evidence from epidemiological and functional studies suggests that FTO confers an increased risk of obesity by subtly changing food intake and preference. Moreover, emerging data suggest a role for FTO in nutrient sensing, regulation of mRNA translation and general growth. In this Review, we discuss the genetic epidemiology of FTO and discuss how its complex biology might link to the regulation of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J F Loos
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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48
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Shahid A, Rana S, Saeed S, Imran M, Afzal N, Mahmood S. Common variant of FTO gene, rs9939609, and obesity in Pakistani females. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:324093. [PMID: 24102053 PMCID: PMC3775403 DOI: 10.1155/2013/324093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies confirmed the association of FTO (fat mass and obesity associated gene) common variant, rs9939609, with obesity in European populations. However, studies in Asian populations revealed conflicting results. We examined the association of rs9939609 variant of FTO gene with obesity and obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Pakistani population. Body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, leptin, and leptin receptors were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The results showed association of FTO gene, rs9939609, with obesity in females (>18 years of age). FTO minor allele increased the risk of obesity by 2.8 times (95% CI = 1.3-6.0) in females. This allele showed association with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, BP, plasma FBG levels, HOMA-IR, plasma insulin levels, and plasma leptin levels. In conclusion, FTO gene, rs9939609, is associated with BMI and risk of obesity in adult Pakistani females. Association of rs9939609 variant with higher FBG, plasma insulin, and leptin levels indicates that this polymorphism may disturb the metabolism in adult females and predispose them to obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the above-mentioned findings were not seen in children or males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeela Shahid
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
- Department of Physiology, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Shalimar Link Road, Mughalpura, Lahore-54840, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Saeed
- Department of Physiology, King Edward Medical University, Nelagumbad, Anarkali, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Afzal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam 34100, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
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49
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Raj SM, Halebeedu P, Kadandale JS, Mirazon Lahr M, Gallego Romero I, Yadhav JR, Iliescu M, Rai N, Crivellaro F, Chaubey G, Villems R, Thangaraj K, Muniyappa K, Chandra HS, Kivisild T. Variation at diabetes- and obesity-associated Loci may mirror neutral patterns of human population diversity and diabetes prevalence in India. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:392-408. [PMID: 23808542 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
South Asian populations harbor a high degree of genetic diversity, due in part to demographic history. Two studies on genome-wide variation in Indian populations have shown that most Indian populations show varying degrees of admixture between ancestral north Indian and ancestral south Indian components. As a result of this structure, genetic variation in India appears to follow a geographic cline. Similarly, Indian populations seem to show detectable differences in diabetes and obesity prevalence between different geographic regions of the country. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation at diabetes- and obesity-associated loci may be potentially related to different genetic ancestries. We genotyped 2977 individuals from 61 populations across India for 18 SNPs in genes implicated in T2D and obesity. We examined patterns of variation in allele frequency across different geographical gradients and considered state of origin and language affiliation. Our results show that most of the 18 SNPs show no significant correlation with latitude, the geographic cline reported in previous studies, or by language family. Exceptions include KCNQ1 with latitude and THADA and JAK1 with language, which suggests that genetic variation at previously ascertained diabetes-associated loci may only partly mirror geographic patterns of genome-wide diversity in Indian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi M Raj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 101 Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Division of Biological Anthropology, Henry Wellcome Building, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
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50
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Saxena R, Saleheen D, Been LF, Garavito ML, Braun T, Bjonnes A, Young R, Ho WK, Rasheed A, Frossard P, Sim X, Hassanali N, Radha V, Chidambaram M, Liju S, Rees SD, Ng DPK, Wong TY, Yamauchi T, Hara K, Tanaka Y, Hirose H, McCarthy MI, Morris AP, Basit A, Barnett AH, Katulanda P, Matthews D, Mohan V, Wander GS, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Ralhan S, Kamboh MI, Mulvihill JJ, Maegawa H, Tobe K, Maeda S, Cho YS, Tai ES, Kelly MA, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Kadowaki T, Deloukas P, Rader DJ, Danesh J, Sanghera DK. Genome-wide association study identifies a novel locus contributing to type 2 diabetes susceptibility in Sikhs of Punjabi origin from India. Diabetes 2013; 62:1746-55. [PMID: 23300278 PMCID: PMC3636649 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a multistage meta-analysis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Punjabi Sikhs from India. Our discovery GWAS in 1,616 individuals (842 case subjects) was followed by in silico replication of the top 513 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 10⁻³) in Punjabi Sikhs (n = 2,819; 801 case subjects). We further replicated 66 SNPs (P < 10⁻⁴) through genotyping in a Punjabi Sikh sample (n = 2,894; 1,711 case subjects). On combined meta-analysis in Sikh populations (n = 7,329; 3,354 case subjects), we identified a novel locus in association with T2D at 13q12 represented by a directly genotyped intronic SNP (rs9552911, P = 1.82 × 10⁻⁸) in the SGCG gene. Next, we undertook in silico replication (stage 2b) of the top 513 signals (P < 10⁻³) in 29,157 non-Sikh South Asians (10,971 case subjects) and de novo genotyping of up to 31 top signals (P < 10⁻⁴) in 10,817 South Asians (5,157 case subjects) (stage 3b). In combined South Asian meta-analysis, we observed six suggestive associations (P < 10⁻⁵ to < 10⁻⁷), including SNPs at HMG1L1/CTCFL, PLXNA4, SCAP, and chr5p11. Further evaluation of 31 top SNPs in 33,707 East Asians (16,746 case subjects) (stage 3c) and 47,117 Europeans (8,130 case subjects) (stage 3d), and joint meta-analysis of 128,127 individuals (44,358 case subjects) from 27 multiethnic studies, did not reveal any additional loci nor was there any evidence of replication for the new variant. Our findings provide new evidence on the presence of a population-specific signal in relation to T2D, which may provide additional insights into T2D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Latonya F. Been
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Martha L. Garavito
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Timothy Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew Bjonnes
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robin Young
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Weang Kee Ho
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Xueling Sim
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neelam Hassanali
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | - Samuel Liju
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Simon D. Rees
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Diabetes Centre, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Daniel Peng-Keat Ng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Molecular Science on Metabolic Diseases, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirose
- Health Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Abdul Basit
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anthony H. Barnett
- Diabetes Centre, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Prasad Katulanda
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - David Matthews
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Gurpreet S. Wander
- Hero Dayanand Medical College and Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jai Rup Singh
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Narinder K. Mehra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero Dayanand Medical College and Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John J. Mulvihill
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoon S. Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - M. Ann Kelly
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Diabetes Centre, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
| | - John C. Chambers
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service Trust, Middlesex, U.K
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, U.K
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service Trust, Middlesex, U.K
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, U.K
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Corresponding author: Dharambir K. Sanghera,
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