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Liu B, Zou M, Bao H, Xu X, Liu X, Zhang B, Yang Q, Li F. Mental health and meaning in life in Chinese military personnel: a cross-lagged analysis. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:426. [PMID: 39103874 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burgeoning field of research on the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) has highlighted its significance, yet the applicability of the DFM in military personnel and its longitudinal relationships with different dimensions of meaning in life remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the applicability of the DFM for military personnel and to investigate longitudinal relationships between the dual factors of mental health (negative factor, positive factor) and the two dimensions of meaning in life (presence of meaning, search for meaning) in military personnel. METHODS In this study, data were collected in two waves (April and August 2023) from 227 Chinese military personnel. We constructed a dual-factor model with depression as the negative factor and subjective well-being as the positive factor, and we compared it with a single-factor model to determine if DFM could be applied to military personnel. We also constructed a cross-lagged model to investigate longitudinal relationships between depression, subjective well-being, presence of meaning, and search for meaning. RESULTS According to the findings, military personnel fit better with the DFM than with the single-factor model. Cross-lagged analysis results revealed that both the presence of meaning and the search for meaning negatively predicted depression and positively predicted subjective well-being. CONCLUSIONS The DFM had good applicability among military personnel. Both the presence of meaning and the search for meaning could improve military mental health, suggesting that both dimensions of meaning in life may be potential targets for improving military mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mingxuan Zou
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Public Health School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Hongxiang Bao
- Frontier Medical Service Training Brigade, Army Medical University, Hutubi, 831200, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Air Force Bureau of Trainee Pilot Selection (Nanjing Central Division), Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Psychology, NO. 986 Hospital of Air Force, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- 1st Group of the Sixth Regiment, First Training Base of Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Fengzhan Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Maffly-Kipp J, Gause C, Hicks JA, Vess M. When meaning in life protects against fear of death: The moderating role of self-alienation. J Pers 2024; 92:1115-1128. [PMID: 37605426 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A sense of meaning in life (MIL) is thought to help protect people against experiencing explicit anxiety about death. However, the experience of meaning is complex and subjective and may relate to death anxiety in nuanced ways. We examine how self-alienation-a feeling of not knowing/being disconnected from one's self-might moderate the relationship between MIL and death anxiety. METHOD Across five studies, we tested the hypothesis that MIL would negatively predict death anxiety more strongly for people relatively low in self-alienation. These studies were similar in design and included exploratory, confirmatory, and pre-registered tests. RESULTS A meta-regression across our five studies (N = 2001) provided clear evidence that MIL was most strongly associated with lower death anxiety at low self-alienation. We also observed that MIL was positively associated with death anxiety at high self-alienation. These effects were consistent in direction but inconsistent in strength. CONCLUSIONS We interpreted these results as evidence that MIL is existentially protective when experienced in combination with a relatively strong, clear, and connected sense of self. In contrast, MIL may be existentially problematic when people feel relatively unaware and disconnected from themselves. These findings align with aspects of terror management theory and highlight the potentially complex ways that MIL might relate to death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Maffly-Kipp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Chase Gause
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua A Hicks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Vess
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Wu C, Liu X, Liu J, Tao Y, Li Y. Strengthening the meaning in life among college students: the role of self-acceptance and social support - evidence from a network analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1433609. [PMID: 39077206 PMCID: PMC11284095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1433609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Meaning in life, which has two possible sources: self-acceptance and social support, is essential to the mental health and development of college students. The current study aims to further clarify the symptom-level relations between meaning in life, self-acceptance, and social support, finding possible ways to improve meaning in the life of college students. Thousand three hundred and forty-eight Chinese college students completed the online questionnaire, including Self-acceptance Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, and Meaning in Life Questionnaire and the data from 1,263 participants was used. Cross-sectional network analysis was used to examine the relation between self-acceptance and social support. We also explored the relation between dimensions of self-acceptance and social support and meaning in life using the flow network. The results show symptom "SlA" (self-acceptance) is the bridge symptom linking self-acceptance and social support. In the flow diagrams, "SlA" is directly and positively associated with the presence of meaning. Objective Support shares the strongest positive association with the search for meaning. The symptom "SIA" may be an important targeting symptom when trying to improve the meaning in life of college students. Additionally, social support is essential for college students to develop meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wu
- Center for Psychological Education and Counseling, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Student Affairs Management, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Sease TB, Cox CR, Wiese AL, Sandoz EK, Knight K. The impact of State of Surrender on the relationship between engagement in substance use treatment and meaning in life presence: a pilot study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1331756. [PMID: 38952826 PMCID: PMC11216303 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1331756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the construct of State of Surrender (SoS)-defined as a willingness to accept, without resistance, what is to come-and investigated SoS as a statistical mediator of the relationship between engagement in substance use treatment and meaning in life (MIL). Using a cross-sectional design, participants were 123 people involved with the legal system participating in a 6-month residential treatment program for substance use. Results showed that measures of treatment engagement, including treatment participation, counselor rapport, and peer support, were all positively associated with SoS scores (R 2s ≥ 21.16). Moreover, while controlling for time spent in treatment, SoS statistically mediated the positive association between aspects of treatment engagement and MIL. State of Surrender may be a targetable process in substance use treatment that aids in recovery by orienting clients toward what they find meaningful in life. Future directions and practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Sease
- Institute of Behavioral Research, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Cathy R. Cox
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Amanda L. Wiese
- Institute of Behavioral Research, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Emily K. Sandoz
- Department of Psychology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Kevin Knight
- Institute of Behavioral Research, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Shin Y, Rho J, Cho M, Lee M, Kang YJ, Ihm J. Unraveling motives: identifying the impact of university attendance motives on learning behaviors among dental students. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:347. [PMID: 38877596 PMCID: PMC11177508 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Students report various motives for attending university (MAU) grouped under five categories, namely, personal-intellectual development (PER), humanitarian (HUM), careerist-materialist (CAR), expectation-driven (EXP), and uncertain motives. Although the literature demonstrates that these motives exert an influence on learning and achievement, relatively less attention is given to this issue in the context of dental students. This study aimed to examine the relationship among the mindsets, MAU, academic engagement (AE), and DAL of dental students and to test the mediating effect of AE on the relationship between MAU and deep approach to learning (DAL). METHODS The study recruited 226 dental students at various levels of the curriculum, who responded to four questionnaires for measuring MAU, DAL, mindsets, and AE. The study employed structural equation modeling to analyze the mediation effects of AE on the relationship between MAU and DAL and to determine the influence of mindsets on MAU. RESULTS This model reveals the significant relationships of a growth mindset with CAR, PER, and HUM. Moreover, the study finds that a fixed mindset was associated with CAR, EXP, and uncertain motives. Furthermore, AE only fully mediated the significant positive relationship between PER and DAL, whereas CAR negatively predicted DAL without a mediator. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that administering the inventories in a dental school setting can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of students' mindsets toward learning and effective processes related to learning. This understanding can inform instructors' pedagogical practices, enabling them to provide more effective guidance to students navigating the complexities of academic coursework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Shin
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Rho
- Department of Education, College of Educational Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minhae Cho
- School of Social Work, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Minjung Lee
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ye Ji Kang
- Department of Medical Education, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungjoon Ihm
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Dental Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Gawda B, Korniluk A. The Protective Role of Curiosity Behaviors in Coping with Existential Vacuum. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38785882 PMCID: PMC11118797 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An existential vacuum is experienced as a kind of crisis that one can cope with using his/her strengths. The related literature suggests that the important determinants of coping with existential emptiness include positive emotional and personality resources, and among these-Curiosity Behaviors. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of curiosity as an important factor in relation to emotional resources in individuals experiencing an existential vacuum. A survey was conducted using online tools (n = 484). The hypotheses about the direct and indirect relationships between Curiosity Behaviors and existential vacuum were tested using multiple regression analyses and mediations. The study involved a sample of adult participants representing the general population. The participants completed five questionnaires, the first one focusing on Curiosity Behaviors, such as seeking out novel and challenging experiences and engagement in activities that capture one's attention (The Curiosity and Exploration Inventory), and the other tools being the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Flourishing Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results indicate that Curiosity Behaviors characteristically negatively predict existential vacuum. In addition, other variables, such as Flourishing, seem to be useful in explaining the relationships between these factors. Flourishing along with Curiosity increases a sense of Meaning in Life. Our results present evidence showing the importance of Curiosity Behaviors in coping with the existential vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawda
- Department of Psychology of Emotion & Personality, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
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Chen DF, Huang KW, Ho WS, Cheng YC. Savoring Belief, Resilience, and Meaning in Life as Pathways to Happiness: A Sequential Mediation Analysis among Taiwanese University Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 38785879 PMCID: PMC11117827 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, scholarly interest has grown in the psychological components of happiness. Savoring belief, or the capacity to attend to, appreciate, and enhance the positive experiences in one's life, along with resilience and meaning in life, have emerged as significant predictors of enhanced happiness among diverse populations. This research examined the interrelationships among savoring belief, resilience, meaning in life, and happiness. A sample of 561 students from 75 universities in Taiwan, comprising 361 female and 200 male participants with an average age of 20.88 years, participated in an online survey. The study employed various instruments, including the Savoring Belief Inventory, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. These instruments were translated into Traditional Chinese using a back-translation method and subsequently validated for accuracy by specialists in the field. Analysis of the data using Hayes' PROCESS Model 6 revealed several key insights: (1) savoring belief positively influenced happiness, resilience, and meaning in life with resilience further enhancing happiness and meaning in life; (2) resilience served as a significant mediator in the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (3) meaning in life significantly mediated the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (4) a sequential mediation model illustrated the mediating effects of resilience and meaning in life on the relationship between savoring belief and happiness. This study illustrates that, much like a garden requires water, sunlight, and care to flourish, our happiness is cultivated through enhancing our ability to savor the good moments, rebound from challenges, and find deep significance in our lives. We can significantly boost well-being by fostering these qualities-savoring belief, resilience, and a sense of meaning. These findings are particularly relevant for educators, highlighting the critical need to develop these traits in students to promote greater happiness and fulfillment in their lives. Discussions included theoretical implications, educational implications, and avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Fa Chen
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; (D.-F.C.); (K.-W.H.); (W.-S.H.)
| | - Kai-Wen Huang
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; (D.-F.C.); (K.-W.H.); (W.-S.H.)
| | - Wei-Sho Ho
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; (D.-F.C.); (K.-W.H.); (W.-S.H.)
| | - Yao-Chung Cheng
- Center for Teacher Education, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan
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8
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Zhao M, Liu J, Huo Y. The value of believing in free will: A prediction on seeking and experiencing meaning in life. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:537-552. [PMID: 37848383 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite abundant philosophical pondering and experiential evidence demonstrating the need for freedom in leading a meaningful life, the literature lacks an investigation of whether and how free will beliefs contribute to one's meaningful life as an antecedent variable. Based on the coupling of the life-affirming hypothesis and Chinese culture, we used a manipulation experiment (Study 1, n = 242) and a two-wave longitudinal study (Study 2, n = 378) to test the potential causality between laypeople's daily beliefs in free will and meaning in life (presence of and search for meaning) with two samples of Chinese undergraduates. The results show that belief in free will positively predicts the presence of meaning and search for meaning, immediately (Study 1) and 2 months later (Study 2). The present work corroborated that the belief in free will is an antecedent variable that imbues life with meaning and sparks actions seeking meaning, supporting the life-affirming hypothesis instead of the deficit-correcting hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongquan Huo
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Chaaya R, Yakın E, Malaeb D, Hallit R, Obeid S, Fekih-Romdhane F, Hallit S. Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the meaning in life scale in a sample of young adults. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:316. [PMID: 38658892 PMCID: PMC11044334 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults are in a constant phase of realizing their meaning in life while being in a constant pursuit of meaning. Meaning in life is a subjective, personal construct related to the perception of one's own life. Considering that there are no measures that study this construct within the Arab context, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) in the Lebanese context with a sample of young adults. METHODS A sample of 684 Lebanese young adults was recruited for this study, having a mean age of 21.74 years, 65.6% of which were females. Through an online questionnaire, participants were requested to complete the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-8) and the Oviedo Grit Scale (EGO). RESULTS CFA indicated that fit of the original bi-dimensional model of MLQ scores was inadequate. Items 9 and 10 cross-loaded to both MLQ factors. After removal of those 2 items, the final model displayed good fit indices. Reliability was good for the Search (ω = 0.89 / α = 0.89) and Presence (ω = 0.88 / α = 0.87) subscales. Additionally, across three levels of gender invariance (Configural, Metric and Scalar), no significant gender-based distinctions were observed in the MLQ scores. The Search subscale was significantly and positively associated with higher GRIT but not psychological distress, whereas the Presence subscale was significantly associated with higher GRIT and lower psychological distress. CONCLUSION The results of this study contribute to the psychometric reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the MLQ and makes it available for dissemination among young adults within the Arab context. This allows for the implementation of new research that target construct of meaning in life, allowing for the accessibility of interventions that aim to foster the presence of and search for meaning in the lives of young adults within the Arab nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Chaaya
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Ecem Yakın
- Centre d'Études et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, UT2J, 5 allées Antonio Machado, Toulouse, 31058, France
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame, Secours University Hospital Center, Street 93, Postal Code 3, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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Li Y, Kwok SYCL. Characteristics and Correlates of Meaning in Life Profiles among Chinese Rural Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38652653 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2338760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The meaning in life (MIL) in adolescence is crucial in the developmental process of life. Anchored in the Integrated Model of Meaning Making and the Dual-Systems Model of Meaning, the present study aimed to explore the MIL profiles among Chinese rural adolescents and their characteristics, as well as the role of depression, well-being, character strengths, and academic encouragement in differentiating the MIL profiles. A sample of 579 adolescents from rural China (Mean age = 15.33, SD = 1.69, aged from 12 to 19, female = 56.47%) participated in the survey. Latent profile analysis examined six dimensions of MIL: search for meaning, presence of meaning, need for meaning, meaning confusion, meaning anxiety, and meaning avoidance. Four profiles with different meaning characteristics were revealed: Meaning Oriented profile (18.48%), Bewildered profile (17.62%), Perfunctory profile (51.47%), and Indifferent profile (12.44%). The Meaning Oriented profile had the highest well-being scores and the lowest depression scores compared to the other three profiles. Adolescents with higher character strengths or academic encouragement were less likely to be in the other three profiles than in the Meaning-Oriented profile. The current findings suggest the need for targeted intervention strategies for adolescents with different MIL profiles.
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Santos DMBD, Corrêa DA, de Aquino TAA. Meaning in life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: Impact of quality of life and sociodemographic factors. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241241479. [PMID: 38581307 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241241479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on meaning in life typically emphasizes the psychological aspects of quality of life, neglecting broader dimensions. Additionally, its relevance to the COVID-19 context remains limited. This study investigated the relationship of meaning in life with quality of life and sociodemographic factors related to COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A total of 4133 Brazilian adults completed Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-SRPB BREF, and sociodemographic information. Our results indicated a positive correlation between the presence of meaning and quality of life dimensions, with psychological health exhibiting the strongest relationship. We found a lower presence of meaning among individuals experiencing heightened social isolation, while vaccinated individuals exhibited a greater presence of meaning. Additionally, non-working participants reported lower presence and higher search for meaning than employed individuals, with frontline workers showing the highest search for meaning. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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12
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Bradson ML, Strober LB. Coping and psychological well-being among persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The role of perceived self-efficacy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 84:105495. [PMID: 38364769 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore self-efficacy as a possible mediator in the relationship between adaptive coping and psychological well-being (PWB) in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHOD 174 persons with RRMS (91% Female) completed an online survey consisting of psychosocial questionnaires. The COPE Inventory was used to create an adaptive coping composite that accounts for the relative contributions of both active and avoidant coping. Self-efficacy was measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scales captured several domains of PWB: Positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and personal growth. The SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test whether self-efficacy mediated the association between adaptive coping and each PWB subscale, using 5,000 bootstrap samples to estimate confidence intervals. RESULTS In each mediational model, adaptive coping was significantly associated with each PWB subscale and self-efficacy (all p's ≤ 0.001). Self-efficacy was also significantly associated with each PWB subscale (p ≤ 0.001). After controlling for self-efficacy, the associations between adaptive coping and positive relations with others (indirect effect = 0.021, 95% CI [0.011, 0.033]) and autonomy (indirect effect = 0.019, 95% CI [0.011, 0.028]) became non-significant. The separate associations between adaptive coping and purpose in life (p = .004), self-acceptance (p = .026), and personal growth (p < .001) remained significant, despite controlling for self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationships between adaptive coping and positive relations with others and autonomy in our sample of persons with RRMS. Interventions aimed at increasing adaptive coping skills and self-efficacy may improve relations with others and autonomy among persons with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Bradson
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 140 Moore Building, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Lauren B Strober
- Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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El Boghdady M, Ewalds-Kvist BM. Surgeons' personality, characteristics and presence of meaning in life. Surgeon 2024; 22:67-73. [PMID: 37925229 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons work long shifts and are frequently on call. Pressure to make quick and accurate decisions along with the responsibility of performing complex procedures contribute to surgeons' high stress-levels, anxiety and altered empathy level. We aimed to study surgeons' personality and meaning in life at two different centres. METHODS General surgeons completed 47 questions. Visual analogous scale-items with controlled internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) coefficients varying from .77 to .85 were used from the following scales: Global Measure of Perceived Stress; Hostility Questionnaire; Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy; Meaning in Life Questionnaire-SF; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Spielberger State Anxiety Scale and Quality of Work life Scale. Multiple linear regression analyses, parametric or non-parametric tests were employed when considered adequate. RESULTS Fifty-four participants were recruited from 3 different levels of training. Gender differences in Anxiety, Physician Empathy and presence of meaning in life (MIL-P) were revealed. Junior trainees differed from senior trainees and consultants as regards MIL-P, Anxiety, Stress and work-related factors. The surgeons' self-rated self-esteem was work-related. Surgeons' Quality of Work Life was best predicted by Physician Empathy but also their self-rated Self-Esteem contributed significantly to the prediction. Surgeons' MIL-P was significantly predicted by Physician Empathy and State Anxiety. CONCLUSION Surgeons' current personality attributes might not apply to all of them. Female surgeons were more empathetic and felt more presence of meaning in life than male surgeons, and men were less anxious than female surgeons. Junior trainees experienced less anxiety than senior trainees but were more stressed than consultants. The most significant predictors of surgeons' personality were their experience of presence of meaning in life along with their level of empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael El Boghdady
- Department of General Surgery, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Lian C, Chen XX. The influence mechanism of self-transcendence on green consumption: The chain-mediating effect of construction of meaning in life and connectedness. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104180. [PMID: 38335811 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A transition to a more sustainable society is occurring worldwide and necessitates a change in people's ways of consuming. Self-transcendence (ST) is recognized as a key predictor of green consumption. Thus, a multiple intermediary model was developed to clarify the psychological mechanisms underlying ST and its influence on consumption. The model was tested using data from a nationally representative sample of 428 Chinese participants. The results show that ST's overall positive effect on green consumption is realized via four indirect paths: (1) the simple mediating role of nature connectedness between ST and green consumption, (2) the simple mediating role of social connectedness between ST and green consumption; (3) the chain-mediating role of construction of meaning in life (CoMIL) and nature connectedness, and (4) the chain-mediating role of CoMIL and social connectedness. Among these paths, nature connectedness plays the most critical mediating role for the Chinese, accounting for the greatest proportion of the total indirect effect. The study advances understanding of the influence and path of ST on green consumption, and provides theoretical and practical support for guiding people toward sustainable lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lian
- Xiamen University, School of Journalism and Communication, Siming South Road 422, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Chen
- Fujian Business University, College of Business Administration, Fuzhou, Fujian 350012, PR China.
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15
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Kim C, Chun J. "Meaning in Life" Mediates the Relationship between Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:584. [PMID: 38470695 PMCID: PMC10930687 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness was found to be a commonly experienced feeling among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and is considered to be a high-risk factor for depressive symptoms. Maintaining meaning in life has been found to be a protective resource for mental health among older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of an individual's meaning in life in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms among older Korean adults. METHODS The data were obtained from a sample of 213 community-dwelling older adults aged over 65. The instruments were the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. RESULTS Loneliness was positively associated with depressive symptoms and negatively associated with the presence of and search for meaning among older adults. The presence of meaning mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms but the search for meaning did not. The search for meaning mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms through the presence of meaning. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings suggest that efforts to reduce loneliness and improve meaning in life should be undertaken to prevent depressive symptoms among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jiyoung Chun
- College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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16
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Uno A. How Views on Death and Time Perspectives Relate to Palliative Care Nurses' Attitudes Toward Terminal Care? OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 88:1031-1050. [PMID: 34872421 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211055269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study's purpose was to explore how palliative care nurses' views on death and time perspectives are related to their terminal care attitudes. A questionnaire survey-consisting of the Death Attitude Inventory, Experiential Time Perspective Scale, and the Japanese version of the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale-was administered to 300 individuals. Cluster analysis was conducted to categorize the way nurses perceive death, which revealed four types: Avoidant, middle, accepting, and indifferent. As a result of the analysis of variance on the terminal care attitudes, based on the types of views on death and time attitudes, it was found that the middle and accepting types, as well as the adaptive formation of time attitudes, were related to positive terminal care attitudes. In conclusion, more effective improvements in attitudes toward terminal care can be expected by incorporating time perspective, in addition to the conventional approaches focusing on death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Uno
- Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellow, Japan
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17
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Hamama L, Levy S. Adolescent siblings of children with cancer: Resource-based profiles, normalization, and search for meaning in life. J Adolesc 2024; 96:221-234. [PMID: 37926934 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent siblings of children with cancer jointly face the experience of having a brother or sister with cancer and being in the developmental period of adolescence themselves. Based on Hobfoll's conservation of resources theory, we aimed to identify profiles based on two distinct resources: sense of hope (personal resource) and perceived social support (social resource). Both have been found to be vital for optimal functioning during adolescence. Further, we examined differences in these profiles with regard to two distal outcomes: normalization (a coping strategy) and search for meaning in life (a commonly assumed adolescent developmental task). METHODS One hundred and eleven Israeli adolescent siblings (aged 13-17) completed self-report measures. RESULTS Two distinct resource-based profiles were identified: "high resources" and "low resources." Participants with "high resources" had a higher sense of hope and higher social support; were significantly more likely to live with married parents than with unmarried parents; had marginally fewer siblings; and scored higher on normalization and search for meaning in life than did participants with "low resources." CONCLUSIONS The study outcomes highlight the essential role of resources for this population. Such resources seem to be helpful for normalization, a coping strategy whose focus is on facilitating regular family routines, and for the siblings' search for meaning in life. Practitioners who work with families in the context of childhood cancer should aim to help these siblings obtain key resources, such as social support, and to actively pursue their goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Hamama
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoham Levy
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Jiang S, Zhang L. Perceived stress of COVID-19 pandemic and problematic mobile phone use during quarantine conditions among Chinese adolescents: a mediated moderation model. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1333869. [PMID: 38362249 PMCID: PMC10868676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1333869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The relation between perceived general stress and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has been well established. With the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the present study was designed to examine the association between perceived stress of COVID-19 as a kind of event-related stress and PMPU, and the mechanisms underlying this relation. Participants were 724 adolescents ranging from 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.28, SD = 1.05) who completed four online questionnaires addressing perceived stress of COVID-19, search for meaning in life, escapism motivation, and PMPU. The results revealed that escapism motivation mediated the relationship between perceived stress of COVID-19 and PMPU. In addition, search for meaning in life played a moderating role between perceived stress of COVID-19 and escapism motivation. These findings extend the literature by addressing how and under what conditions perceived stress of COVID-19 can contribute to PMPU. We discussed the implications for developing targeted intervention programs aimed at reducing PMPU among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- School of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Yunnan, China
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19
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Ivcevic Z, Shen S, Lin S, Cheng D, Probasco R, Silbermann B, Zhang F, Lin X, Brackett M. Daily positive and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1239123. [PMID: 38259529 PMCID: PMC10800618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic influenced emotional experiences globally. We examined daily positive and negative affect between May/June 2020 and February 2021 (N = 151,049; 3,509,982 observations) using a convenience sample from a national mobile application-based survey that asked for daily affect reports. Four questions were examined: (1) How did people in the United States feel from May/June 2020 to February 2021?; (2) What demographic variables are related to positive and negative affect?; (3) What is the relationship between experienced stressors and daily affect?; and (4) What is the relationship between daily affect and preventive behavior? Positive affect increased, and negative decreased over time. Demographic differences mirrored those from before the pandemic (e.g., younger participants reported more negative and less positive affect). Stressors such as feeling unwell, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, exposure to COVID-19, and lack of sleep were associated with less positive and more negative affect. Exercising protective behaviors predicted future affect, and affect also predicted future protective behaviors (e.g., less protective behavior when happy but more when grateful and thoughtful). The implications for public health communication were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Ivcevic
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuting Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shengjie Lin
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Cheng
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Probasco
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ben Silbermann
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marc Brackett
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, New Haven, CT, United States
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20
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Cerezo MV, Soria-Reyes LM, Alarcón R, Blanca MJ. The Flourishing Scale: Psychometric Properties in Breast Cancer Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241249935. [PMID: 38755965 PMCID: PMC11102690 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241249935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Promoting well-being is a key goal of cancer care, and it needs to be assessed using appropriate instruments. Flourishing is considered part of psychological well-being and it is commonly assessed with the Flourishing Scale (FS). To our knowledge, no studies have analyzed the psychometric properties of the FS in breast cancer patients. Our aim here was to provide validity evidence for use of the FS in this context. METHOD Participants were 217 Spanish women with breast cancer who completed the FS and other scales assessing positive psychology constructs (life satisfaction, positive affect, resilience, self-esteem, optimism) and indicators of psychological maladjustment (negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress). The internal structure of the FS was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We calculated the average variance extracted (AVE) to evaluate convergent validity, and both McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha coefficients to estimate reliability. Item analysis was performed by computing corrected item-total correlations. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was obtained through Pearson correlation analysis, controlling for age and cancer stage. RESULTS The CFA supported a single-factor structure, with adequate goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = 0.997, NNFI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.069, and SRMR = 0.047) and standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.70 to 0.87. The value of the AVE was 0.63, and the reliability coefficient obtained with both procedures was 0.91. Corrected item-total correlations ranged from .62 to .78. Correlation analysis showed direct and strong associations between the FS score and scores on positive psychology constructs (range from 0.43 to 0.74), the strongest correlations being with positive affect and life satisfaction. The FS score was inversely correlated with scores on depression, anxiety, stress, negative affect, and pessimism (range from -0.14 to -0.52), the strongest association being with stress. DISCUSSION The FS is a useful tool for exploring well-being in the breast cancer context, providing useful information for psychological assessment.
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Wang W, Ye J, Zhu Y, Huang D, Zhao X. Longitudinal relationship between internet self-control and problematic internet use among Chinese adolescents: mediating role of meaning in life. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1258673. [PMID: 38144476 PMCID: PMC10748819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1258673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While studies indicate that high self-control may serve as a safeguard against problematic internet use, there's evidence suggesting that problematic internet use can, in turn, diminish self-control. This study aimed to elucidate the longitudinal interplay between internet self-control and problematic internet use in adolescents, employing cross-lagged panel modeling. Furthermore, drawing from a positive psychology perspective, we examined the potential role of 'meaning in life' as a protective mediator within this longitudinal relationship. We then constructed a mediation model to explore protective factors against problematic internet use. Methods Through a questionnaire, we tracked 659 adolescents (331 males and 328 females; mean age=13.61) in a longitudinal design across two time points, spaced at five-month intervals, to assess their internet self-control, problematic internet use, and meaning in life. Results Results of the cross-lagged panel models showed that: Internet self-control had a significant negative impact on problematic internet use after five months (β = -0.094, p < 0.01). Conversely, problematic internet use had a significant negative impact on internet self-control after five months (β = -0.099, p < 0.05). Results from the longitudinal mediation model showed that: Meaning in life mediated the effect of internet self-control on problematic internet use after five months (βinternet self-control(T1)-meaning in life(T2) = 0.142, p < 0.01; βmeaning in life(T1)-problematic internet use (T2) = -0.075, p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study uncovers a reciprocal predictive relationship between internet self-control and problematic internet use, while highlighting the mediating role of meaning in life within this relationship. These findings suggest that fostering internet self-control and cultivating a sense of meaning in life among adolescents can serve as effective prevention and intervention strategies for addressing the issue of problematic internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute of Digital Commerce, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yimeng Zhu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Information School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Sharif Nia H, She L, Froelicher ES, Hejazi S, Kohestani D, Hamidi S. The Farsi version of meaning of life in Iranian patients with cancer: A psychometric study. Chronic Illn 2023; 19:862-872. [PMID: 36631997 DOI: 10.1177/17423953221150686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having meaning in life is a protective factor for psychological well-being. Accurate assessment of this construct needs a valid and reliable tool. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the meaning of life questionnaire in patients with cancer. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, after translating the questionnaire to Farsi, in a sample of 212 patients with cancer, feasibility, content and convergent validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, stability, and responsiveness were evaluated. RESULTS The results show that the content validity ratio of all ten items was greater than 0.49. Also, the modified Kappa coefficient of each item was greater than 0.6. The maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis extracted one factor, which explains 76.13% of the total variance of the sample. Item nine was removed. The confirmatory factor analysis results show that the one-factor model had good fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, composite reliability, MaxR, and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.96, 0.96, 0.96, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively. The questionnaires had responsiveness and its response time was 3 s. CONCLUSION AND POLICY SUMMARY The nine-item Farsi version of the meaning of life questionnaire has good validity and reliability and responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Long She
- Faculty of Business, Design and Arts, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Erika Sivarajan Froelicher
- Department of Physiological Nursing, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schools of Nursing and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sima Hejazi
- Department of Nursing, Bojnurd Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Daniyal Kohestani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Hamidi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Yu X, Zhao J. How rumination influences meaning in life among Chinese high school students: the mediating effects of perceived chronic social adversity and coping style. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280961. [PMID: 38106898 PMCID: PMC10722437 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Meaning in life can be affected by many factors during adolescence. This study explored the relationship between rumination and meaning in life among high school students, as well as the mediating effect of perceived chronic social adversity and coping style. A sample of 1,275 Chinese high school students were surveyed using four questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using Harman's single-factor test, Pearson's correlation coefficient with confidence intervals (CI), and a structural equation model. We found that rumination significantly negatively affected meaning in life among high school students (β = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.33-0.23). Perceived chronic social adversity (β = -0.14, 95% CI = -0.29-0.02) and negative coping style (β = -0.09, 95% CI = -0.16-0.04) each had mediating effects between rumination and meaning in life. Further, perceived chronic social adversity and coping style had chain-mediating effects between rumination and meaning in life, with both positive (β = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.17-0.07) and negative (β = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.13-0.04) coping styles showing significant effects. To enhance the meaning in life among high school students, appropriate strategies to reduce the levels of rumination and perceived chronic social adversity are needed, while also fostering appropriate coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yu
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Qin Z, Zou Y, Feng Z, Cheng J. The impact of meaning in life and professional happiness on the turnover intention of health care workers: a cross-sectional study from China. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 21:92. [PMID: 38012739 PMCID: PMC10680312 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-023-00878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The turnover and shortage of health care workers (HCWs) have been a worldwide problem for healthcare organizations. The primary aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the intention of Chinese HCWs to leave their job, especially meaning in life and professional happiness. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study, conducted among 1125 full-time HCWs, assessed demographic variables, meaning in life, professional happiness, and turnover intention by a survey. The survey was distributed to HCWs in three tertiary hospitals. The data were analyzed by T-tests, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests and hierarchical linear regression model. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in turnover intention of HCWs by gender, age, role, educational level, years in practice, and number of monthly night shifts. HCWs' meaning in life and professional happiness were negatively associated with the turnover intention. Furthermore, after controlling for other factors, meaning in life explained 3.7% of the turnover intention and professional happiness explained 13.4%. CONCLUSION In our study, positive psychological factors were related to turnover intentions. Professional happiness was the strongest predictor. Thus, health human resource managers should foster positive psychology among HCWs to reduce their turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuming Qin
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiling Feng
- Trade Union, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiao Cheng
- Youth League Committee, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zhao H, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang Z. The Effect of Growth Mindset on Adolescents' Meaning in Life: The Roles of Self-Efficacy and Gratitude. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4647-4664. [PMID: 38024657 PMCID: PMC10655738 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s428397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has demonstrated that individuals' growth mindset can predict their happiness and psychological health. As a vital gauge of psychological health, meaning in life may be connected to a growth mindset. Methods This study employs a positive psychological perspective and uses Chinese adolescents as the study population. We manipulated the level of growth mindset (high growth mindset vs low growth mindset) in two experiments to examine the effects of growth mindset on adolescents' meaning in life. Additionally, we examined the roles of self-efficacy as a mediator (Study 1) and gratitude as a moderator (Study 2). Results Study 1 revealed positive correlations among growth mindset, self-efficacy, and meaning in life. Teenagers with a high growth mindset perceived and experienced life meaning more strongly than those with a low growth mindset. Growth mindset significantly predicted meaning in life, and self-efficacy fully mediated the connection between growth mindset and meaning in life. In Study 2, the connection between growth mindset and meaning in life was moderated by gratitude: in the high-gratitude condition, teens' growth mindsets had a direct significant influence on meaning in life. In contrast, in the low-gratitude situation, growth mindset did not significantly affect meaning in life. Moreover, the fully mediating role of self-efficacy was verified. Conclusion The results reveal the mechanism of action by which adolescents' growth mindset affects their meaning in life, broadening the research related to adolescents' growth mindset and providing important theoretical inspiration and practical guidance for teachers, parents and counselling workers to help adolescents obtain higher meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
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Wang H, Gai X, Li S. A Person-Centered Analysis of Meaning in Life, Purpose Orientations, and Attitudes toward Life among Chinese Youth. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:748. [PMID: 37754026 PMCID: PMC10525254 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meaning in life, purpose orientations, and attitudes toward life have a significant impact on youths' well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the developmental trends of youths' meaning in life, purpose orientations, and attitudes toward life. Methods: The sample consisted of 94,219 students aged 13 to 23 years (M = 16.67, SD = 2.70). Person-centered analysis, MANOVA, and an independent sample t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Most youths were in the "search" or "presence" type in terms of meaning in life status. Fewer students were identified as being in the "ruminative exploration" or "diffusion" type. Very few were in the "precontemplation" or "foreclosure" stages. The status of the sense of meaning did not change significantly with age. Second, in terms of purpose orientations, Chinese youths consider family well-being and personal growth to be the most important goals, whereas personal well-being and social promotion are less important. Third, in terms of attitudes toward life, most young people take an active, accepting, and optimistic view of their lives, seeing life as an experience or process, rather than a good or bad result. Fourthly, the age of 16 was found to be a significant turning point. More emerging adults were in the "presence" state than adolescents, but their attitudes toward life were not as positive as those of adolescents. Conclusions: This study reveals that Chinese youth consider the question of meaning in life as early as age 13. Most of them were in the state of "searching for meaning". Therefore, education about meaning in life should be integrated into the primary school context. Family well-being is emphasized by Chinese youth because of the collectivist culture. Family well-being and personal growth should be recognized, and social promotion should be enhanced in guidance of Chinese youth's meaning acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (H.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiaosong Gai
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (H.W.); (S.L.)
- Research Center of Mental Health Education in Northeast Normal University, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science in Universities in Jilin Province, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Songliang Li
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (H.W.); (S.L.)
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Yuliawati L, Virlia S, Sandjaja M, Sari TP, Sihombing B, Dorkas MA, Onggono JN, Kristianingsih SA. Could Purpose in Life Help Unmotivated Students to Thrive? When Motivation and Purpose in Life Matter for Peer Mentoring. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3139-3149. [PMID: 37584039 PMCID: PMC10424690 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s425161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study investigated the effect of extrinsic motivation, amotivation, the presence of and search for purpose, and their interaction effects on the perceived positive outcomes of being a peer mentor in college. Methods We tested a cross-sectional data using correlation design and moderation model. Participants were 232 undergraduate students who served as mentors for freshmen. Data was collected through an online survey. Results Extrinsic motivation was positively, but amotivation not significantly, associated with perceiving the benefits of being a mentor. The presence of and search for purpose showed positive correlation with positive outcomes. Both the search for and presence of purpose moderated the relation between amotivation and the positive outcomes of being a mentor. Conclusion The presence of purpose and the search for purpose moderates the relationship between amotivation and the positive outcomes of being a mentor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Yuliawati
- School of Psychology, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Stefani Virlia
- School of Psychology, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Meilani Sandjaja
- School of Psychology, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tasia Puspa Sari
- School of Psychology, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bhaktiar Sihombing
- Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Kristen, Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Bethsaida, Medan, Indonesia
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Plesa P, Petranker R. Psychedelics and neonihilism: connectedness in a meaningless world. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1125780. [PMID: 37621941 PMCID: PMC10445489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1125780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of psychedelic research explicitly targets treating mental health conditions largely through psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Current theories about mechanisms of change in psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy focus on mystical experiences as the main driver of symptom improvement. During these mystical experiences, participants report an enhanced sense of salience, connectedness, and meaning. Simultaneously, a growing psychedelic culture is also cultivating the use of psychedelics as medicine for relieving symptoms of anxiety and depression and promoting cognitive functions. We argue that an integral part of the excitement around the resurgence in psychedelics is in response to a meaning and alienation crisis that correlates with rising rates of anxiety and depression. Framing the absence of meaning as neonihilism, a contemporary correlate to the 19th-century phenomenon with unique features present in a neoliberal cultural context, we explore whether psychedelics combined with group therapy can provide answers to modern experiences of meaninglessness. Based on this exploration, we suggest concrete next steps both in the theory and practice of psychedelic psychotherapy toward what we are calling neonihilistic psychedelic group psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Plesa
- Department of Psychology, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA, United States
| | - Rotem Petranker
- Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Lasota A. Crisis Experience and Purpose in Life in Men and Women: The Mediating Effect of Gratitude and Fear of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6490. [PMID: 37569030 PMCID: PMC10418392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between crisis experience during the pandemic and purpose in life in men and women. METHODS Six hundred and five participants aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 25.6; SD = 8.39) completed the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Scale-Short Form (GRAT-S), Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Purpose in Life Test (PIL). In addition, the respondents were questioned about life crises during the previous six months (e.g., the death of a loved one or illness). RESULTS Men and women differed in their endorsement of gratitude or fear of COVID-19 as a mediator. Women's experiences of the crisis related both directly and indirectly to purpose in life, with gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediating this relationship. In men, only the indirect path, from crisis experience, through gratitude, to purpose in life, turned out to be significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that coping styles differ in men and women and, as a consequence, that crisis interventions need to take gender into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lasota
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
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Fraser R, Slattery J, Yakovenko I. Escaping through video games: Using your avatar to find meaning in life. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Sun RW, Lau EYY, Cheung SH, Chan CK. Meaning in Life, Social Axioms, and Emotional Outcomes during the First Outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6224. [PMID: 37444072 PMCID: PMC10341675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Social unrest, coupled with the outbreak of COVID-19, was a double-hit for Hong Kong in early 2020. Those stressful societal situations not only trigger negative emotions, such as anxiety and/or depression, but also consolidate a person's belief towards oneself (i.e., meaning in life) and society (i.e., social axioms). The study included 2031 participants from the Formation and Transformation of Beliefs in Chinese (FTBC) project dataset. The data were collected in Hong Kong from February 2020 to March 2020 (double-hit). Path analysis and multiple regression were used to examine the mediating and moderating effects of the presence subscale (P) of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) on the relations between social axioms and negative emotions. Results showed that low MLQ-P mediated the associations between cynicism and negative emotions and between low religiosity and negative emotions and moderated the relation between social cynicism and emotional outcomes. Exploratory analyses showed that MLQ-Search (S) mediated the relations between reward for application and negative emotions, between social complexity and negative emotions, and between fate control and negative emotions, and moderated the relation between religiosity and stress. As far as we know, this study reported the first evidence of the role of meaning in life in explaining and modifying the associations between social axioms and mood states. The presence of and search for meaning in life seem to work differently with respect to the relations between social axioms and negative emotions, with important implications for understanding the dynamics of social and personal beliefs in affecting mental health in times of large-scale public crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Sun
- School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong;
| | | | - Sing-Hang Cheung
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Chi-Keung Chan
- School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong;
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Steen A, Braam AA, Berghuis H, Glas G. Meaning in life in personality disorder: An empirical approach considering self-direction, self-transcendence and spiritual/religious worldviews. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2023.2199172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelien Steen
- GGz Centraal, Zwaluw & Enk, Centre for Psychotherapy, Ermelo, The Netherlands
- Department of Humanist Chaplaincy Studies for a Plural Society, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A.W. Arjan Braam
- Department of Humanist Chaplaincy Studies for a Plural Society, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Mental Health Care, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Department of Residency Training, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han Berghuis
- NPI, Centre for Personality Disorders, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Glas
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Philosophy and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lomas T, VanderWeele TJ. The Mental Illness-Health Matrix and the Mental State Space Matrix: Complementary meta-conceptual frameworks for evaluating psychological states. J Clin Psychol 2023. [PMID: 36916858 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is increasingly appreciated that mental health may not just involve a relative absence of mental illness, but the active presence of positive psychological desiderata. However, research attention on mental illness and health has tended to remain siloed and disconnected-proceeding along parallel tracks-with their potential relationship underexplored and undertheorized. As such, we sought to develop theoretical models to help us better understand the interaction of these two domains of experience. METHODS Through extensive engagement with relevant literature, we created two complementary meta-conceptual frameworks to represent and evaluate states of mental illness and health. RESULTS The Mental Illness-Health Matrix allows different forms of mental illness and health to be situated and assessed within a common framework. The Mental State Space Matrix further enables these various forms to be conceptualized and appraised in terms of numerous common parameters (e.g., valence and arousal). CONCLUSION It is hoped that these frameworks will stimulate and support further research on the inter-relational dynamics of illness and health. Indeed, the matrices themselves are provisional works-in-progress, with their articulation here intended as a foundation for their further development as understanding of these topics evolves and improves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lomas
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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KELLY LM, SWENSON LP, WOLFF JC. Application of the Three-Step Ideation-to-Action Theory to Passive and Active Suicidal Ideation in College Students. MINERVA PSYCHIATRY 2023; 64:1-12. [PMID: 38979102 PMCID: PMC11229377 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6612.21.02263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Few studies have tested the three-step theory of suicide (3ST), particularly in college students, who have unique developmental experiences of connectedness and high rates of suicidal ideation (SI). This study tested if factors purported in the 3ST distinguish undergraduate students with no SI, passive SI, and active SI using two conceptualizations of connectedness: social connection and meaning in life. Methods A sample of undergraduate students aged 18-26 from an urban university completed an online survey (n=265). Results Results showed some support for the 3ST. Greater psychological pain increased likelihood of passive SI (OR=3.74, p<.001); the model accurately identified 36% of students with passive SI. Greater pain (OR=2.74, p=.01) and hopelessness (OR=17.17, p<.05) differentiated students with active SI from those without SI in social connection models. In meaning models, greater pain relative to meaning in life differentiated students with passive SI (OR=2.29, p<.01) and active SI (OR=1.81, p<.05) relative to no SI. Each model accurately identified 68% of students with active SI. No 3ST factors differentiated students with passive SI from those with active SI. Conclusions There was limited applicability for 3ST in differentiating college students with passive SI from those with no SI or active SI, with better differentiation of students with active SI relative to no SI. Interventions for college students with passive and active SI could target psychological pain, foster hope, and cultivate meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourah M. KELLY
- Suffolk University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C. WOLFF
- Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Lau CYH, Tov W. Effects of positive reappraisal and self-distancing on the meaningfulness of everyday negative events. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1093412. [PMID: 36968696 PMCID: PMC10034987 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current work on meaning-making has primarily focused on major negative life events such as trauma and loss, leaving common daily adversities unexplored. This study aimed to examine how utilizing meaning-making strategies such as positive reappraisal and self-distancing (in isolation or in combination) can facilitate an adaptive processing of these daily negative experiences. Overall meaning and facets of meaning (coherence, purpose, and significance/mattering) were assessed at both global and situational levels. Results suggested that positive reappraisal was generally effective for enhancing situational meaning but not under all conditions. Specifically, when negative experiences were high on emotional intensity, reflecting on the experience from a distanced (third-person) perspective enhanced coherence and existential mattering more than engaging in positive reappraisal. However, when negative experiences were low on intensity, distanced reflection led to less coherence and mattering than positive reappraisal. The findings of this study elucidated the importance of examining the multidimensional construct of meaning at the facet level and highlighted the importance of applying different coping strategies to effectively make meaning out of daily negative experiences.
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Guo Z, Yang T, He Y, Tian W, Wang C, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu X, Zhu X, Wu S. The Relationships Between Suicidal Ideation, Meaning in Life, and Affect: a Network Analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36776916 PMCID: PMC9904259 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitioning from holistic analysis to a fine-grained level analysis may provide further understanding of psychopathology. This study aimed to explore dimension-level relationships between suicidal ideation, meaning in life, and affect in a joint framework using network analysis and to identify potential prevention and intervention targets to address suicidal ideation. A total of 852 healthy adults aged 18-35 years completed self-report scales to assess suicidal ideation, meaning in life, and affect. A regularized partial correlation network was then built to examine the links between these dimensions. Expected influence and bridge expected influence values were calculated for each node. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 4.2%. The search for and presence of meaning in life and positive and negative affect exhibited distinct and complex links to the three dimensions of suicidal ideation (pessimism, sleep, and despair). The important central nodes were search for meaning in life, sleep, despair, and positive affect, while the critical bridge nodes were positive affect, negative affect, and presence of meaning in life. These findings provide further understanding of the specific roles of meaning in life and affect in suicidal ideation. The identified nodes may be promising targets for prevention and intervention for suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032 China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032 China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032 China
| | - Wenqing Tian
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032 China
| | - Chaoxian Wang
- 94995 Troops of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yinling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Outpatient Department, PLA Air Force 986 Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032 China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032 China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032 China
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de Klerk JJ. Searching for meaning in a disruptive world – Constructing a lexicon of the meanings of meaning. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v49i0.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Bronk KC, Reichard RJ, Qi Li J. A co-citation analysis of purpose: trends and (potential) troubles in the foundation of purpose scholarship. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2168563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Cotton Bronk
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Science, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Reichard
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Science, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Jia Qi Li
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Science, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
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Just wrong? Or just WEIRD? Investigating the prevalence of moral dumbfounding in non-Western samples. Mem Cognit 2023:10.3758/s13421-022-01386-z. [PMID: 36650349 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Moral dumbfounding occurs when people maintain a moral judgment even though they cannot provide a reason for this judgment. Dumbfounded responding may include admitting to not having reasons, or the use of unsupported declarations ("It's just wrong") as justification for a judgment. Published evidence for dumbfounding has drawn exclusively on samples of WEIRD backgrounds (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic), and it remains unclear to what extent the phenomenon is generalizable to other populations. Furthermore, the theoretical implications of moral dumbfounding have been disputed in recent years. In three studies we apply a standardized moral dumbfounding task, and show evidence for moral dumbfounding in a Chinese sample (Study 1, N = 165), an Indian sample (Study 2, N = 181), and a mixed sample primarily (but not exclusively) from North Africa and the Middle East (MENA region, Study 3, N = 264). These findings are consistent with a categorization theories of moral judgment.
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Russo-Netzer P, Icekson T. An underexplored pathway to life satisfaction: The development and validation of the synchronicity awareness and meaning-detecting scale. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1053296. [PMID: 36726512 PMCID: PMC9885050 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1053296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Synchronicity refers to the psychological process of meaningful coincidences. The present study aimed to build and expand upon a model of synchronicity awareness and meaning-detecting (REM)-receptiveness (R) as a precondition for an exceptional encounter (E) triggering emotions and meaning-detecting (M)-by assessing the prevalence of the phenomenon and its associations with well-being. Methods and Results Results from two studies reported here employing adult community samples (N = 198 and N = 440) demonstrate coherent, replicable structure and good internal reliability for a 35-item, two-factor Synchronicity Awareness and Meaning-Detecting (SAMD) Scale. Synchronicity awareness (SA) and meaning-detecting (MD) scores were significantly associated with some of the Big-5 personality dimensions and tolerance for ambiguity, as well as with search for and presence of meaning. Furthermore, process mediation models showed: (a) synchronicity awareness mediated the relationship between search for meaning and meaning-detecting, and (b) optimism and presence of meaning in life partly mediated the relationship between meaning-detecting and life satisfaction. Discussion The findings suggest the importance of synchronicity experiences and hold important conceptual and practical implications for understanding processes of meaning making from unexpected events and their potential contribution to individuals' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pninit Russo-Netzer
- Department of Advanced Studies, Achva Academic College, Aurugot, Israel,*Correspondence: Pninit Russo-Netzer ✉
| | - Tamar Icekson
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Zada M, Khan J, Saeed I, Zada S, Jun ZY. Curiosity may have killed the cat but it has the power to improve employee creativity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hu J. Dispositional awe, meaning in life, and socially responsible consumption. SERVICE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2022.2154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- School of Economics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang F, Pi Y, Li X. Photographic intervention effect on positive and negative affects during COVID-19: Mediating role of future self-continuity. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1085518. [PMID: 36687936 PMCID: PMC9846753 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1085518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meaning in Life (MIL) is a protective factor that buffers the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on emotions. Our study aimed to explore whether photographic intervention based on MIL could increase Positive Affect (PA) and mitigate Negative Affect (NA), and whether Future Self-Continuity (FSC) functioned as a mediator between them. In this study, 90 college students were randomly divided into an intervention group or a control group. Participants in the intervention group were asked to take a photo and describe it every 2 days lasting 2 weeks. All the participants in the two groups were measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Future Self-Continuity Scale before and after the intervention. The results showed that: (1) Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in baseline levels of MIL, PA and NA, and FSC between intervention and control groups. (2) In the intervention group, compared to pre-test, the scores of MIL, PA, and FSC of post-test increased significantly, and the score of NA of post-test decreased significantly. (3) After the intervention, the scores of MIL, PA, and FSC in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group; NA score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. (4) In terms of the difference score (post-test minus pre-test), FSC was a mediator between MIL and PA. Our study demonstrated that photographic intervention could effectively improve college students' MIL, PA, and FSC while mitigating NA. Moreover, MIL could significantly enhance PA by the mediating role of FSC.
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Xue D, Zhang H, Chao M, Liu T. What Are the Differences in Psychological Outcomes Between People Who Posted COVID-19-Related Content on Social Media and Those Who Did Not? Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:43-51. [PMID: 36721885 PMCID: PMC9890044 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the lockdown of cities and home quarantine, media became the only way for people to conveniently get coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related information. And media engagement was closely related to psychological outcomes. But fewer researchers took COVID-19-related posting behaviors into consideration. Therefore, the present study aimed at examining the differences in psychological outcomes between people who posted COVID-19-related content on social media and those who did not. METHODS The present study included 917 participants (304 males, 613 females) who had answered the questionnaires of media engagement, positive affect, negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, satisfaction with life, death anxiety, and meaning in life. RESULTS Results of t-tests showed that the Post group had lower levels of negative affect, anxiety, stress, and death anxiety than the Not Post (Npost) group. Network comparison tests indicated that the Npost group's network and the Post group's network differed in global strength, two edge-weights, and node centrality indices. CONCLUSION The results indicated that more attention should be paid to people who did not post any COVID-19-related content, especially when they have higher levels of stress and depression to prevent comorbidities. And for people who posted content, more attention should be paid when they have a higher level of negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Dini Xue
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Chao
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Tour Liu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
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45
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Jin Y, Zeng Q, Cong X, An J, Zheng P. Impact of death anxiety on mental health during COVID-19: The mediating role of the meaning in life. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/18344909231165187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore whether COVID-19 aroused an awareness of death, inflamed death anxiety, and affected mental health and to assess the degree that meaning in life played in the relationship between death anxiety and general mental health. A total of 197 participants were recruited using convenience sampling and were divided into an experimental group ( n = 100) and a control group ( n = 97). All participants completed the Death Anxiety Scale (DA), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Death anxiety had a significant positive predictive effect on general mental health and meaning in life. When death anxiety and meaning in life were included in the regression equation, death anxiety still had a significant positive predictive effect on general mental health, and meaning in life had a significant positive predictive effect on general mental health. These results indicated that meaning in life played a partially mediating role in the influence of death anxiety on general mental health. In the COVID-19 context, death information was found to arouse awareness of death and death anxiety, which adversely affected mental health, and it was also confirmed that meaning in life played a partially mediating role between death anxiety and general mental health, which suggested that mental health problems could be alleviated in the future by helping people find meaning and value in their lives and cope more positively with death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Jin
- College of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zeng
- College of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianglong Cong
- College of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junxiu An
- College of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Peixuan Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
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Yao N, Wei Z, Wang Y, Sun L. Associations between Drinking Behaviors and Meaning in Life: Evidence from Primary Care Professionals in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224811. [PMID: 36432499 PMCID: PMC9694648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although the associations between drinking behaviors and emotional problems have been supported in several previous studies, the associations between drinking behaviors and meaning in life have not been explored until now. We aimed to test the associations between drinking behaviors and meaning in life among primary care professionals, after controlling for depression. (2) Methods: In the current study, we collected 1453 valid questionnaires based on a cross-sectional design. Meaning in life, drinking behaviors, physical diseases, depression, work-related variables, and some other social-demographic variables were evaluated. (3) Results: The results support that after controlling for depression, regular milk drinking (β = 1.387, p = 0.026), and regular juice drinking (β = 2.316, p = 0.030) were associated with higher meaning in life, while regular water drinking (β = −1.448, p = 0.019) was negatively associated with meaning in life. In addition to this, the results showed that the older age (β = 0.098, p = 0.001), preventive medicine majors (β = 4.281, p = 0.013), working fewer days per week (β = −0.942, p = 0.004), licensed (assistant) technician qualification (β = 2.921, p = 0.036), and no depression (β = −0.203, p < 0.001) were positively associated with meaning in life. (4) Conclusion: This study supported the association between drinking behaviors and meaning in life, even after controlling depression. These findings imply that we can further explore this association and its mechanisms in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence:
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Sun B, Guo H, Xu L, Ding F. How Does Teachers' Psychological Capital Influence Workplace Well-Being? A Moderated Mediation Model of Ego-Resiliency and Work-Meaning Cognition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14730. [PMID: 36429448 PMCID: PMC9690617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found that teachers' psychological capital positively affects their workplace well-being. However, the underlying internal mechanism behind this relationship remains ambiguous. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of ego-resiliency and work-meaning cognition on this relationship among Chinese teachers. The questionnaire, including the psychology capital scale (PCS), workplace well-being subscale (WWBS), Psychological Empowerment Scale (PESS), and Ego-Resiliency Scale (ERS), was used to collect data points from 1388 primary and secondary school teachers. The results reveal that: (1) teachers' psychological capital positively predicts workplace well-being; (2) work-meaning cognition mediates the relationship between teachers' psychological capital and workplace well-being; (3) the influence of work-meaning cognition on the relationship between teachers' psychological capital and workplace well-being is moderated by ego-resiliency. These findings explore the factors that affect well-being and point to potential ways to enhance teachers' workplace well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghai Sun
- Research Center of Tin Ka Ping Moral Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hongteng Guo
- Research Center of Tin Ka Ping Moral Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Luyun Xu
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Fujun Ding
- Research Center of Tin Ka Ping Moral Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Elemo AS, Kara E, Rostamzadeh M. The fear of COVID-19 and flourishing: the mediating role of search for meaning and presence of meaning. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36406850 PMCID: PMC9641694 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Past researches have found that sense of control and meaning in life can act as a protective factor against fear of COVID-19 pandemic. The current study examined whether the search for meaning and the presence of meaning could mediate the link between fear of COVID-19 and flourishing. A total of 312 Iranians who were identified by snowball sampling were recruited as the subjects of the cross-sectional study. The participants gave their consent to complete the Meaning in Life Scale, Flourishing Scale, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The findings demonstrated that fear of COVID-19 had a significant direct effect on flourishing. The presence meaning was positively and significantly connected with flourishing and the search for meaning. Both the search for - and the presence - of meaning were negatively and significantly linked with fear of COVID-19. Mediation analysis demonstrated that a presence of meaning is a protective factor for flourishing, but the search for meaning can be detrimental to flourishing. As a result, it may be worthwhile to conduct longitudinal research to track how the effects of the presence of meaning and the search for meaning vary over time. The study calls on mental health providers to take into account how the presence of meaning might lessen the negative impacts of fear in crisis situations and promote flourishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sado Elemo
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ergün Kara
- Department of Educational Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
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Wu D, Ye B, Tang C, Xue J, Yang Q, Xia F. Self-Compassion and Authentic-Durable Happiness During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Meaning of Life and the Moderating Role of COVID-19 Burnout. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3243-3255. [PMID: 36387037 PMCID: PMC9642803 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s380874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Self-compassion is important for authentic-durable happiness, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. To better understand the potential complexity of effects, this study sought to explore (a) the mediating role of meaning of life in the association between self-compassion and authentic-durable happiness and (b) the moderating role of COVID-19 burnout in the relationship between self-compassion and meaning of life. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey study in China from February 1 to 14, 2021. Online survey questionnaire technique and convenience sampling method were used for data collection. Participants anonymously completed the measures of self-compassion scale short form, COVID-19 burnout scale, meaning in life questionnaire, and subjective authentic-durable happiness scale. The data were examined utilizing Pearson's r correlations and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS This study included 1165 Chinese college students (Mage = 19.68 years, SD = 1.37). Self-compassion (M = 3.39, SD = 0.49) was significantly positively associated with authentic-durable happiness (M = 3.82, SD = 0.66) (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), and mediation analyses indicated that meaning of life (M = 4.65, SD = 0.86) partially mediated this association (indirect effect = 0.103, SE = 0.016, 95% CI = [0.073, 0.135]). Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that COVID-19 burnout (M = 1.87, SD = 0.72) buffered the relation between self-compassion and meaning of life (β = -0.05, p < 0.033). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings of this study shed light on a correlation between self-compassion and authentic-durable happiness. In addition, this study underlines the importance of intervening in COVID-19 burnout among college students and enhancing the meaning of life in order to promote and safeguard authentic-durable happiness in the setting of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Wu
- School of Psychology, School of Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- School of Psychology, School of Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Health Education and Counseling Center, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Health Education and Counseling Center, Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Health Education and Counseling Center, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Health Education and Counseling Center, Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Psychology, School of Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Psychology, School of Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Xu X, Xu Y, Zhao J, Ye P, Yu M, Lai Y, Wang J, Huang Q. Good Personality and Subjective Well-Being: Presence of Meaning in Life and Perceived Social Support as Mediators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114028. [PMID: 36360908 PMCID: PMC9654435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good personality is a positive moral personality in the context of Chinese Confucianism. Based on a social-cognitive model of normative well-being, we propose that good personality positively predicts subjective well-being, mediated by the perceived social support and presence of meaning in life in the context of Chinese culture. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, there were 665 Chinese adults (134 males and 531 females) who participated in the Good Personality Questionnaire, Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Presence of Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS Good personality was positively associated with subjective well-being (SWB). Both the presence of meaning in life and perceived social support independently mediated the link between good personality and subjective well-being (SWB), and in Chinese adults, perceived social support has a greater mediating effect than the presence of meaning in life. CONCLUSION These findings illustrate that the presence of meaning in life and perceived social support mediate the relationship between good personality and subjective well-being in the context of Chinese culture, which supports the model of normative well-being and can provide more targeted intervention guidance for research on promoting well-being in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinzhe Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Panqin Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengke Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yidie Lai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunying Huang
- Student Mental Health Education Center, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
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