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Márquez Álvarez CDM, Hernández-Cruz EY, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Oxidative stress in animal models of obesity caused by hypercaloric diets: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 331:122019. [PMID: 37567497 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health difficulty characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat that increases body weight. Obesity has been studied in multiple animal models, of which those in which it is induced by diet stand out. Due to the increase in this condition, other mechanisms have been addressed that are triggered by states of overweight or obesity, such as the appearance of oxidative stress. These models aim to relate obesity caused by diet and how it influences the development of oxidative stress. In this study, a systematic review of the literature of 39 articles that studied obesity due to the consumption of hypercaloric diets and the appearance of oxidative stress in different animal models was carried out. This review identified the models with the most excellent use and the characteristics of the most appropriate diets to characterize states of oxidative stress due to obesity. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each model used are provided, as well as the techniques used for the assessment of obesity, and oxidative stress, providing the information in such a way that there is a general overview of the existing models of the parameters that allow to adequately establish both variables studied, providing information that allows the researcher to choose the appropriate model and factors according to the interest and objectives of the present research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corazón de María Márquez Álvarez
- Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic División of Comalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, 866500, Comalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Estefani Yaquelin Hernández-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Stokie JR, Abbott G, Howlett KF, Hamilton DL, Shaw CS. Intramuscular lipid utilization during exercise: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:581-592. [PMID: 36656983 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00637.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular lipid (IMCL) utilization during exercise was controversial as numerous studies did not observe a decline in IMCL content post-exercise when assessed in muscle biopsies using biochemical techniques. Contemporary techniques including immunofluorescence microscopy and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) offer advantages over biochemical techniques. The primary aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression was to examine the net degradation of IMCL in response to an acute bout of cycling exercise in humans, as assessed with different analytical approaches. A secondary aim was to explore the factors influencing IMCL degradation including feeding status, exercise variables, and participant characteristics. A total of 44 studies met the inclusion criteria using biochemical, immunofluorescence, and 1H-MRS techniques. A meta-analysis was completed using a random effects model and percentage change in IMCL content calculated from the standardized mean difference. Cycling exercise resulted in a net degradation of IMCL regardless of technique (total effect -23.7%, 95% CI = -28.7 to -18.7%) and there was no difference when comparing fasted versus fed-state exercise (P > 0.05). IMCL degradation using immunofluorescence techniques detected larger effects in type I fibers compared with whole muscle using biochemical techniques (P = 0.003) and in type I fibers compared with type II fibers (P < 0.001). Although IMCL degradation was associated with exercise duration, V̇o2max, and BMI, none of these factors independently related to the change in IMCL content. These findings provide strong evidence that the analytical approach can influence the assessment of IMCL degradation in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden R Stokie
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten F Howlett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Hamilton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher S Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Gupta MK, Gouda G, Sultana S, Punekar SM, Vadde R, Ravikiran T. Structure-related relationship: Plant-derived antidiabetic compounds. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2023:241-295. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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4
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The Influence of Physical Activity on the Bioactive Lipids Metabolism in Obesity-Induced Muscle Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121665. [PMID: 33322719 PMCID: PMC7764345 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption and lack of physical activity are important risk factors for metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is a state of a weakened response of tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver to insulin, which causes an increase in blood glucose levels. This condition is the result of inhibition of the intracellular insulin signaling pathway. Skeletal muscle is an important insulin-sensitive tissue that accounts for about 80% of insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Although the exact mechanism by which insulin resistance is induced has not been thoroughly understood, it is known that insulin resistance is most commonly associated with obesity. Therefore, it is believed that lipids may play an important role in inducing insulin resistance. Among lipids, researchers’ attention is mainly focused on biologically active lipids: diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides. These lipids are able to regulate the activity of intracellular enzymes, including those involved in insulin signaling. Available data indicate that physical activity affects lipid metabolism and has a positive effect on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles. In this review, we have presented the current state of knowledge about the impact of physical activity on insulin resistance and metabolism of biologically active lipids.
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Li Y, Yan H, Zhang Y, Li Q, Yu L, Li Q, Liu C, Xie Y, Chen K, Ye F, Wang K, Chen L, Ding Y. Alterations of the Gut Microbiome Composition and Lipid Metabolic Profile in Radiation Enteritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:541178. [PMID: 33194790 PMCID: PMC7609817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.541178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation enteritis (RE) is a common complication in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Although studies have shown the changes of this disease at clinical, pathological and other levels, the dynamic characteristics of local microbiome and metabolomics are hitherto unknown. We aimed to examine the multi-omics features of the gut microecosystem, determining the functional correlation between microbiome and lipid metabolites during RE activity. By delivering single high-dose irradiation, a RE mouse model was established. High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing and global lipidomics analysis were performed to examine microbial and lipidomic profile changes in the gut microecosystem. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the functional correlation between bacteria and metabolites. Clinical samples were collected to validate the above observations. During RE activity, the intestinal inflammation of the mice was confirmed by typical signs, symptoms, imaging findings and pathological evidences. 16S datasets revealed that localized irradiation dramatically altered the gut microbial composition, resulting in a decrease ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes. Lipidomics analysis indicated the remarkable lipidomic profile changes in enteric epithelial barrier, determining that glycerophospholipids metabolism was correlated to RE progression with the highest relevance. Spearman correlation analysis identified that five bacteria-metabolite pairs showed the most significant functional correlation in RE, including Alistipes-PC(36:0e), Bacteroides-DG(18:0/20:4), Dubosiella-PC(35:2), Eggerthellaceae-PC(35:6), and Escherichia-Shigella-TG(18:2/18:2/20:4). These observations were partly confirmed in human specimens. Our study provided a comprehensive description of microbiota dysbiosis and lipid metabolic disorders in RE, suggesting strategies to change local microecosystem to relieve radiation injury and maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaowei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Li
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Li
- Medical Imaging Specialty, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiting Liu
- Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keli Chen
- HuiQiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Gong L, Jin H, Li Y, Quan Y, Yang J, Tang Q, Zou Z. Rosiglitazone ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance by decreasing free fatty acids release from adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1122-1128. [PMID: 33036752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue are important organs of glucose-lipid metabolism. However, excessive lipolysis and free fatty acids (FFA) release in adipocytes elevate plasma FFA, leading to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated effects of insulin-resistant adipocytes on skeletal muscle in vitro by simulating body environment using a transwell coculture method. Insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased lipolysis and FFA release, which reduced insulin sensitivity in the cocultured C2C12 myotubes. Rosiglitazone (RSG) decreased excessive lipolysis by reducing expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which led to decrease of FFA release from insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Meanwhile, insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes cocultured with insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes was ameliorated after RSG treatment. Taken together, our present study provided direct evidence to better understand insulin resistance between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Animals
- Asialoglycoproteins/genetics
- Asialoglycoproteins/metabolism
- Cell Communication/physiology
- Coculture Techniques
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lipase/genetics
- Lipase/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Lipolysis/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone/pharmacology
- Sterol Esterase/genetics
- Sterol Esterase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yingyao Quan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qing Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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7
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Jugran AK, Rawat S, Devkota HP, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS. Diabetes and plant-derived natural products: From ethnopharmacological approaches to their potential for modern drug discovery and development. Phytother Res 2020; 35:223-245. [PMID: 32909364 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease of serious concern faced by the health care industry today. Primary diabetes mellitus and its complications are still costly to manage with modern drugs. Extensive research on the screening of anti-diabetic agents in past decades established natural products as one of the major potential sources of drug discovery. However, only a few drugs of plant origin have been scientifically validated. Therefore, the development of new anti-diabetic drugs is of great demand. Hence, natural products could be explored as potential anti-diabetic drugs. Natural plants derived extracts and molecules like berberine, ginsenosides, curcumin, stevioside, gingerols, capsaicin, catechins, simple phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, resveratrol, genistein and hesperidin obtained from different species are used for curing diabetes and found to possess different action mechanisms. In this review, the importance of medicinal plants and their active constituents for anti-diabetic agents are described. The present study also emphasized the importance of diabetes control, reduction in its complications and use of the anti-diabetic agents. The detailed action mechanism of these extracts/compounds for their activities are also described. However, the anti-diabetic drugs from plant origin require scientific validation through animal and clinical studies to exploit in terms of modern commercial medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Jugran
- Garhwal Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Hari P Devkota
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management (CBCM), G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranbeer S Rawal
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management (CBCM), G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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8
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Kessler K, Gerl MJ, Hornemann S, Damm M, Klose C, Petzke KJ, Kemper M, Weber D, Rudovich N, Grune T, Simons K, Kramer A, Pfeiffer AFH, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Shotgun Lipidomics Discovered Diurnal Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Linked to Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5611334. [PMID: 31680138 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Meal timing affects metabolic homeostasis and body weight, but how composition and timing of meals affect plasma lipidomics in humans is not well studied. OBJECTIVE We used high throughput shotgun plasma lipidomics to investigate effects of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on lipid metabolism and its relation to glycemic control. DESIGN 29 nondiabetic men consumed (1) a high-carb test meal (MTT-HC) at 09.00 and a high-fat meal (MTT-HF) at 15.40; or (2) MTT-HF at 09.00 and MTT-HC at 15.40. Blood was sampled before and 180 minutes after completion of each MTT. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was collected after overnight fast and both MTTs. Prior to each investigation day, participants consumed a 4-week isocaloric diet of the same composition: (1) high-carb meals until 13.30 and high-fat meals between 16.30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order. RESULTS 12 hour daily lipid patterns showed a complex regulation by both the time of day (67.8%) and meal composition (55.4%). A third of lipids showed a diurnal variation in postprandial responses to the same meal with mostly higher responses in the morning than in the afternoon. Triacylglycerols containing shorter and more saturated fatty acids were enriched in the morning. SAT transcripts involved in fatty acid synthesis and desaturation showed no diurnal variation. Diurnal changes of 7 lipid classes were negatively associated with insulin sensitivity, but not with glucose and insulin response or insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study identified postprandial plasma lipid profiles as being strongly affected by meal timing and associated with insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kessler
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silke Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus J Petzke
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kai Simons
- Lipotype GmbH, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Reseach Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Babu S, Krishnan M, Rajagopal P, Periyasamy V, Veeraraghavan V, Govindan R, Jayaraman S. Beta-sitosterol attenuates insulin resistance in adipose tissue via IRS-1/Akt mediated insulin signaling in high fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:173004. [PMID: 32045603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we have shown that β-sitosterol (SIT) enhances glycemic control by increasing the activation of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins in adipose tissue. However, the possible role of SIT on the regulation of post-receptor insulin signal transduction is not known. Hence, the study was aimed to assess the effects of SIT on IRS-1/Akt mediated insulin signaling molecules in high-fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic rats. An oral effective dose of SIT (20 mg/kg b.wt) was given for 30 days to high fat-fed type-2 diabetic rats to find out whether SIT regulates IRS-1/Akt pathway of insulin signaling. The results showed that SIT attenuated the insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation (p-IRS-1Ser636) (P = 0.0003). However, it up-regulated the mRNA expression of IR (P = 0.0036) and post-receptor insulin signaling molecules such as IRS-1 (P < 0.0001), β-arrestin-2 (P < 0.0058), Akt (P = 0.0008), AS160 (P = 0.0030) and GLUT4 (P < 0.0001) with a concomitant increase in the levels of IRS-1(P < 0.0001), p-IRS1-1Tyr632 (P = 0.0014), Akt (P < 0.0001), p-AktSer473/Thr308 (P = 0.0006; P < 0.0001), AS160 and p-AS160Thr642 (P < 0.0001) compared with type-2 diabetic rats. In Silico analysis was also performed and it showed that SIT possesses the greater binding affinity with β-arrestin-2, c-Src, and IRS-1 as well as Akt proteins and proved to attenuate insulin resistance as this study coincides with in vivo findings. Our present study clearly shows that SIT attenuates high fat diet-induced detrimental changes in adipose tissue. Therefore, it is concluded from the present findings that, SIT could be used as potential therapeutic phytomedicine for the management of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamaladevi Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhan Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramajayam Govindan
- Multi Disciplinary Research Unit, Madurai Medical College, TamilNadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Flavonoids and type 2 diabetes: Evidence of efficacy in clinical and animal studies and delivery strategies to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104629. [PMID: 31918019 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder develops due to the overproduction of free radicals where oxidative stress could contribute it. Possible factors are defective insulin signals, glucose oxidation, and degradation of glycated proteins as well as alteration in glutathione metabolism which induced hyperglycemia. Previous studies revealed a link between T2DM with oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance which are assumed to be regulated by numerous cellular networks such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, GSK3 and PPARγ. Flavonoids are ubiquitously present in the nature and classified according to their chemical structures for example, flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and isoflavones. Flavonoids indicate poor bioavailability which could be improved by employing various nano-delivery systems against the occurrences of T2DM. These bioactive compounds exert versatile anti-diabetic activities via modulating targeted cellular signaling networks, thereby, improving glucose metabolism, α -glycosidase, and glucose transport or aldose reductase by carbohydrate metabolic pathway in pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myofibres. Moreover, anti-diabetic properties of flavonoids also encounter diabetic related complications. This review article has designed to shed light on the anti-diabetic potential of flavonoids, contribution of oxidative stress, evidence of efficacy in clinical, cellular and animal studies and nano-delivery approaches to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. This article might give some new insights for therapeutic intervention against T2DM in near future.
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11
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Meex RCR, Blaak EE, van Loon LJC. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of both insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1205-1217. [PMID: 31240819 PMCID: PMC6852205 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and muscle mass loss often coincide in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and it is well established that obesity and derangements in lipid metabolism play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in these individuals. Specifically, increased adipose tissue mass and dysfunctional adipose tissue lead to systemic lipid overflow and to low-grade inflammation via altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Furthermore, an increased flux of fatty acids from the adipose tissue may contribute to increased fat storage in the liver and in skeletal muscle, resulting in an altered secretion of hepatokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. Recent studies suggest that obesity and lipid derangements in adipose tissue can also lead to the development of muscle atrophy, which would make insulin resistance and muscle atrophy two sides of the same coin. Unfortunately, the exact relationship between lipid accumulation, type 2 diabetes, and muscle atrophy remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between type 2 diabetes and muscle loss and to discuss some of the joint pathways through which lipid accumulation in organs may affect peripheral insulin sensitivity and muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C R Meex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Jayasinghe SU, Tankeu AT, Amati F. Reassessing the Role of Diacylglycerols in Insulin Resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:618-635. [PMID: 31375395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the burden of obesity, particularly because it leads to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Among the mechanisms thought to link IR to obesity is the accumulation, in muscle cells, of different lipid metabolites. Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are subject of particular attention due to reported interactions with the insulin signaling cascade. Given that SM accounts for the majority of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, this review integrates recent observational and mechanistic works with the sole focus on questioning the role of DAGs in SM IR. Particular attention is given to the subcellular distributions and specific structures of DAGs, highlighting future research directions towards reaching a consensus on the mechanistic role played by DAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha U Jayasinghe
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurel T Tankeu
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amati
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Skeletal Muscle Lipid Droplets and the Athlete's Paradox. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030249. [PMID: 30875966 PMCID: PMC6468652 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle enveloped by a monolayer phospholipid membrane with a core of neutral lipids, which is conserved from bacteria to humans. The available evidence suggests that the LD is essential to maintaining lipid homeostasis in almost all organisms. As a consequence, LDs also play an important role in pathological metabolic processes involving the ectopic storage of neutral lipids, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, steatosis, and obesity. The degree of insulin resistance in T2DM patients is positively correlated with the size of skeletal muscle LDs. Aerobic exercise can reduce the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases. However, trained athletes accumulate lipids in their skeletal muscle, and LD size in their muscle tissue is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. This phenomenon is called the athlete’s paradox. This review will summarize previous studies on the relationship between LDs in skeletal muscle and metabolic diseases and will discuss the paradox at the level of LDs.
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Burghardt KJ, Ward KM, Sanders EJ, Howlett BH, Seyoum B, Yi Z. Atypical Antipsychotics and the Human Skeletal Muscle Lipidome. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040064. [PMID: 30322152 PMCID: PMC6316471 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are a class of medications associated with significant metabolic side effects, including insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze the skeletal muscle lipidome of patients on AAPs, compared to mood stabilizers, to further understand the molecular changes underlying AAP treatment and side effects. Bipolar patients on AAPs or mood stabilizers underwent a fasting muscle biopsy and assessment of insulin sensitivity. A lipidomic analysis of total fatty acids (TFAs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and ceramides (CERs) was performed on the muscle biopsies, then lipid species were compared between treatment groups, and correlation analyses were performed with insulin sensitivity. TFAs and PCs were decreased and CERs were increased in the AAP group relative to those in the mood stabilizer group (FDR q-value <0.05). A larger number of TFAs and PCs were positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in the AAP group compared to those in the mood stabilizer group. In contrast, a larger number of CERs were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity in the AAP group compared to that in the mood stabilizer group. The findings here suggest that AAPs are associated with changes in the lipid profiles of human skeletal muscle when compared to mood stabilizers and that these changes correlate with insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Kristen M Ward
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Elani J Sanders
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Bradley H Howlett
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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15
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Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2133-2223. [PMID: 30067154 PMCID: PMC6170977 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1359] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some discoveries have matured, coalescing into solid and fertile ground for clinical application; others remain incompletely investigated and scientifically controversial. Here, we attempt to synthesize this work to guide further mechanistic investigation and to inform the development of novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The rational development of such therapies necessitates detailed knowledge of one of the key pathophysiological processes involved in T2D: insulin resistance. Understanding insulin resistance, in turn, requires knowledge of normal insulin action. In this review, both the physiology of insulin action and the pathophysiology of insulin resistance are described, focusing on three key insulin target tissues: skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue. We aim to develop an integrated physiological perspective, placing the intricate signaling effectors that carry out the cell-autonomous response to insulin in the context of the tissue-specific functions that generate the coordinated organismal response. First, in section II, the effectors and effects of direct, cell-autonomous insulin action in muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue are reviewed, beginning at the insulin receptor and working downstream. Section III considers the critical and underappreciated role of tissue crosstalk in whole body insulin action, especially the essential interaction between adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The pathophysiology of insulin resistance is then described in section IV. Special attention is given to which signaling pathways and functions become insulin resistant in the setting of chronic overnutrition, and an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of ‟selective hepatic insulin resistanceˮ is presented. Sections V, VI, and VII critically examine the evidence for and against several putative mediators of insulin resistance. Section V reviews work linking the bioactive lipids diacylglycerol, ceramide, and acylcarnitine to insulin resistance; section VI considers the impact of nutrient stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria on insulin resistance; and section VII discusses non-cell autonomous factors proposed to induce insulin resistance, including inflammatory mediators, branched-chain amino acids, adipokines, and hepatokines. Finally, in section VIII, we propose an integrated model of insulin resistance that links these mediators to final common pathways of metabolite-driven gluconeogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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Dissociation of Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance in I148M PNPLA3 Carriers: Differences in Diacylglycerol (DAG) FA18:1 Lipid Species as a Possible Explanation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091314. [PMID: 30227635 PMCID: PMC6164484 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is tightly associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. I148M variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) gene is associated with high liver fat but normal insulin sensitivity. The underlying mechanism of the disassociation between high liver fat but normal insulin sensitivity remains obscure. We investigated the effect of I148M variant on hepatic lipidome of subjects with or without fatty liver, using the Lipidyzer method. Liver samples of four groups of subjects consisting of normal liver fat with wild-type PNPLA3 allele (group 1); normal liver fat with variant PNPLA3 allele (group 2); high liver fat with wild-type PNPLA3 allele (group 3); high liver fat with variant PNPLA3 allele (group 4); were analyzed. When high liver fat to normal liver fat groups were compared, wild-type carriers (group 3 vs. group 1) showed similar lipid changes compared to I148M PNPLA3 carriers (group 4 vs. group 2). On the other hand, in wild-type carriers, increased liver fat significantly elevated the proportion of specific DAGs (diacylglycerols), mostly DAG (FA18:1) which, however, remained unchanged in I148M PNPLA3 carriers. Since DAG (FA18:1) has been implicated in hepatic insulin resistance, the unaltered proportion of DAG (FA18:1) in I148M PNPLA3 carriers with fatty liver may explain the normal insulin sensitivity in these subjects.
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Abstract
A substantial loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), a decreased regenerative capacity, and a compromised physical performance are hallmarks of aging skeletal muscle. These changes are typically accompanied by impaired muscle metabolism, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. A challenge in the field of muscle aging is to dissociate the effects of chronological aging per se on muscle characteristics from the secondary influence of lifestyle and disease processes. Remarkably, physical activity and exercise are well-established countermeasures against muscle aging, and have been shown to attenuate age-related decreases in muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity, and slow or prevent impairments in muscle metabolism. We posit that exercise and physical activity can influence many of the changes in muscle during aging, and thus should be emphasized as part of a lifestyle essential to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
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18
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Xu L, Li Y, Dai Y, Peng J. Natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:451-465. [PMID: 29395440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have implied that diabetes mellitus (DM) will become an epidemic accompany with metabolic and endocrine disorders worldwide. Most of DM patients are affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. Generally, the strategies to treat T2DM are diet control, moderate exercise, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowing agents. Despite the therapeutic benefits for the treatment of T2DM, most of the drugs can produce some undesirable side effects. Considering the pathogenesis of T2DM, natural products (NPs) have become the important resources of bioactive agents for anti-T2DM drug discovery. Recently, more and more natural components have been elucidated to possess anti-T2DM properties, and many efforts have been carried out to elucidate the possible mechanisms. The aim of this paper was to overview the activities and underlying mechanisms of NPs against T2DM. Developments of anti-T2DM agents will be greatly promoted with the increasing comprehensions of NPs for their multiple regulating effects on various targets and signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Morville T, Rosenkilde M, Munch-Andersen T, Andersen PR, Kjær Groenbæk K, Helbo S, Kristensen M, Vigelsø Hansen A, Mattsson N, Rasmusen HK, Guadalupe-Grau A, Fago A, Neigaard Hansen C, Twelkmeyer B, Løvind Andersen J, Dela F, Wulff Helge J. Repeated Prolonged Exercise Decreases Maximal Fat Oxidation in Older Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:308-316. [PMID: 27685008 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Fat metabolism and muscle adaptation was investigated in six older trained men (age, 61 ± 4 yr; V˙O2max, 48 ± 2 mL·kg·min) after repeated prolonged exercise). METHODS A distance of 2706 km (1681 miles) cycling was performed over 14 d, and a blood sample and a muscle biopsy were obtained at rest after an overnight fast before and 30 h after the completion of the cycling. V˙O2max and maximal fat oxidation were measured using incremental exercise tests. HR was continuously sampled during cycling to estimate exercise intensity. RESULTS The daily duration of exercise was 10 h and 31 ± 37 min, and the mean intensity was 53% ± 1% of V˙O2max. Body weight remained unchanged. V˙O2max and maximal fat oxidation rate decreased by 6% ± 2% (P = 0.04) and 32% ± 8% (P < 0.01), respectively. The exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation was not significantly decreased. Plasma free fatty acid (FA) concentration decreased (P < 0.002) from 500 ± 77 μmol·L to 160 ± 38 μmol·L. Plasma glucose concentration as well as muscle glycogen, myoglobin, and triacylglycerol content remained unchanged. Muscle citrate synthase and ß-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase activities were unchanged, but the protein expression of HKII, GLUT4, and adipose triacylglycerol lipase were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the decreased maximal fat oxidation was probably due to lower exogenous plasma fatty acid availability and the muscle adaptation pattern indicates an increased glucose transport capacity and an increased muscle lipolysis capacity supporting an increased contribution of exogenous glucose and endogenous fat during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Morville
- 1Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK; 2Department of Bioscience, Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK; 3Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, DENMARK; 4Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN; 5Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, SWEDEN; and 6Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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Adipose Tissue Function and Expandability as Determinants of Lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:161-196. [PMID: 28585199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue organ is organised as distinct anatomical depots located all along the body axis and it is constituted of three different types of adipocytes : white, beige and brown which are integrated with vascular, immune, neural and extracellular stroma cells. These distinct adipocytes serve different specialised functions. The main function of white adipocytes is to ensure healthy storage of excess nutrients/energy and its rapid mobilisation to supply the demand of energy imposed by physiological cues in other organs, whereas brown and beige adipocytes are designed for heat production through uncoupling lipid oxidation from energy production. The concert action of the three type of adipocytes/tissues has been reported to ensure an optimal metabolic status in rodents. However, when one or multiple of these adipose depots become dysfunctional as a consequence of sustained lipid/nutrient overload, then insulin resistance and associated metabolic complications ensue. These metabolic alterations negatively affects the adipose tissue functionality and compromises global metabolic homeostasis. Optimising white adipose tissue expandability and its functional metabolic flexibility and/or promoting brown/beige mediated thermogenic activity counteracts obesity and its associated lipotoxic metabolic effects. The development of these therapeutic approaches requires a deep understanding of adipose tissue in all broad aspects. In this chapter we will discuss the characteristics of the different adipose tissue depots with respect to origins and precursors recruitment, plasticity, cellular composition and expandability capacity as well as molecular and metabolic signatures in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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21
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Lipid droplet remodelling and reduced muscle ceramides following sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training in obese males. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1745-1754. [PMID: 28736444 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In obesity, improved muscle insulin sensitivity following exercise training has been linked to the lowering of diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide concentrations. Little is known, however, about how improved insulin action with exercise training in obese individuals relates to lipid droplet (LD) adaptations in skeletal muscle. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that short-term sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in obese individuals would increase perilipin (PLIN) expression, increase the proportion of LDs in contact with mitochondria and reduce muscle concentrations of DAGs and ceramides. METHODS Sixteen sedentary obese males performed 4 weeks of either SIT (4-7 × 30 s sprints at 200% Wmax, 3 days week) or MICT (40-60 min cycling at ~65% VO2peak, 5 days per week), and muscle biopsies were obtained pre- and post-training. RESULTS Training increased PLIN2 (SIT 90%, MICT 68%) and PLIN5 (SIT 47%, MICT 34%) expression in type I fibres only, and increased PLIN3 expression in both type I (SIT 63%, MICT 67%) and type II fibres (SIT 70%, MICT 160%) (all P<0.05). Training did not change LD content but increased the proportion of LD in contact with mitochondria (SIT 12%, MICT 21%, P<0.01). Ceramides were reduced following training (SIT -10%, MICT -7%, P<0.05), but DAG was unchanged. No training × group interactions were observed for any variables. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the hypothesis that SIT and MICT results in remodelling of LDs and lowers ceramide concentrations in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese males.
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22
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Liu Y, Yuan J, Xiang L, Zhao Y, Niu M, Dai X, Chen H. A high sucrose and high fat diet induced the development of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of Bama miniature pigs through the Akt/GLUT4 pathway. Exp Anim 2017; 66:387-395. [PMID: 28674285 PMCID: PMC5682351 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A high sucrose and high fat (HSHF) diet induces insulin resistance (IR) and increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which the HSHF diet impairs insulin sensitivity in Bama miniature pigs (sus scrofa domesticus). Twelve Bama miniature pigs were randomly assigned to the control diet (CD) group (n=6) or the HSHF group (n=6) for 6 months. Biochemical parameters were measured. Western blot, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to profile the changes of protein expression, mRNA expression and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in skeletal muscle tissues, respectively. In comparison to the CD group, the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index of the HSHF group demonstrated a 2.9-fold increase, and the insulin sensitivity showed a 24.8% decrease. Compared with the CD group, p-Akt S473 decreased by approximately 59% and GLUT4 decreased by 43.8% in the skeletal muscle of the HSHF group. However, the expression of p-mTOR S2448 between the 2 groups was not significantly different (P=0.309). This study demonstrates that a 6-month HSHF diet caused IR, decreased insulin sensitivity, and reduced the expression of p-Akt S473 and GLUT4 in the skeletal muscle of Bama miniature pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jifang Yuan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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23
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Untargeted metabolomic analysis of human serum samples associated with different levels of red meat consumption: A possible indicator of type 2 diabetes? Food Chem 2017; 221:214-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Zhang J, Light AR, Hoppel CL, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Hughen RW, Keim NL, Newman JW, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Harper ME, Fiehn O, Adams SH. Acylcarnitines as markers of exercise-associated fuel partitioning, xenometabolism, and potential signals to muscle afferent neurons. Exp Physiol 2016; 102:48-69. [PMID: 27730694 DOI: 10.1113/ep086019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does improved metabolic health and insulin sensitivity following a weight-loss and fitness intervention in sedentary, obese women alter exercise-associated fuel metabolism and incomplete mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO), as tracked by blood acylcarnitine patterns? What is the main finding and its importance? Despite improved fitness and blood sugar control, indices of incomplete mitochondrial FAO increased in a similar manner in response to a fixed load acute exercise bout; this indicates that intramitochondrial muscle FAO is inherently inefficient and is tethered directly to ATP turnover. With insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus, mismatches between mitochondrial fatty acid fuel delivery and oxidative phosphorylation/tricarboxylic acid cycle activity may contribute to inordinate accumulation of short- or medium-chain acylcarnitine fatty acid derivatives [markers of incomplete long-chain fatty acid oxidation (FAO)]. We reasoned that incomplete FAO in muscle would be ameliorated concurrent with improved insulin sensitivity and fitness following a ∼14 week training and weight-loss intervention in obese, sedentary, insulin-resistant women. Contrary to this hypothesis, overnight-fasted and exercise-induced plasma C4-C14 acylcarnitines did not differ between pre- and postintervention phases. These metabolites all increased robustly with exercise (∼45% of pre-intervention peak oxygen consumption) and decreased during a 20 min cool-down. This supports the idea that, regardless of insulin sensitivity and fitness, intramitochondrial muscle β-oxidation and attendant incomplete FAO are closely tethered to absolute ATP turnover rate. Acute exercise also led to branched-chain amino acid acylcarnitine derivative patterns suggestive of rapid and transient diminution of branched-chain amino acid flux through the mitochondrial branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. We confirmed our prior novel observation that a weight-loss/fitness intervention alters plasma xenometabolites [i.e. cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine and γ-butyrobetaine (a co-metabolite possibly derived in part from gut bacteria)], suggesting that host metabolic health regulated gut microbe metabolism. Finally, we considered whether acylcarnitine metabolites signal to muscle-innervating afferents; palmitoylcarnitine at concentrations as low as 1-10 μm activated a subset (∼2.5-5%) of these neurons ex vivo. This supports the hypothesis that in addition to tracking exercise-associated shifts in fuel metabolism, muscle acylcarnitines act as signals of exertion to short-loop somatosensory-motor circuits or to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alan R Light
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol J Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elaine C Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gretchen A Casazza
- Sports Medicine Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ronald W Hughen
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Human Studies Department, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jose R Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center and West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi-Arabia
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Kitessa SM, Abeywardena MY. Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle: The Chase for the Culprit Goes from Total Intramuscular Fat to Lipid Intermediates, and Finally to Species of Lipid Intermediates. Nutrients 2016; 8:E466. [PMID: 27483311 PMCID: PMC4997379 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body. It plays a particularly pivotal role in glucose homeostasis, as it can account for up to 40% of the body and for up to 80%-90% of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Hence, insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle has been a focus of much research and review. The fact that skeletal muscle IR precedes β-cell dysfunction makes it an ideal target for countering the diabetes epidemic. It is generally accepted that the accumulation of lipids in the skeletal muscle, due to dietary lipid oversupply, is closely linked with IR. Our understanding of this link between intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and glycemic control has changed over the years. Initially, skeletal muscle IR was related to total IMCL. The inconsistencies in this explanation led to the discovery that particular lipid intermediates are more important than total IMCL. The two most commonly cited lipid intermediates for causing skeletal muscle IR are ceramides and diacylglycerol (DAG) in IMCL. Still, not all cases of IR and dysfunction in glycemic control have shown an increase in either or both of these lipids. In this review, we will summarise the latest research results that, using the lipidomics approach, have elucidated DAG and ceramide species that are involved in skeletal muscle IR in animal models and human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soressa M Kitessa
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia.
- Division of Livestock and Farming Systems, South Australian Research and Development Institute, J S Davies Bldg, Roseworthy Campus, GPO Box 397, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia.
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Coughlan KA, Valentine RJ, Sudit BS, Allen K, Dagon Y, Kahn BB, Ruderman NB, Saha AK. PKD1 Inhibits AMPKα2 through Phosphorylation of Serine 491 and Impairs Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5664-5675. [PMID: 26797128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.696849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy-sensing enzyme whose activity is inhibited in settings of insulin resistance. Exposure to a high glucose concentration has recently been shown to increase phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser(485/491) of its α1/α2 subunit; however, the mechanism by which it does so is not known. Diacylglycerol (DAG), which is also increased in muscle exposed to high glucose, activates a number of signaling molecules including protein kinase (PK)C and PKD1. We sought to determine whether PKC or PKD1 is involved in inhibition of AMPK by causing Ser(485/491) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 myotubes were treated with the PKC/D1 activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which acts as a DAG mimetic. This caused dose- and time-dependent increases in AMPK Ser(485/491) phosphorylation, which was associated with a ∼60% decrease in AMPKα2 activity. Expression of a phosphodefective AMPKα2 mutant (S491A) prevented the PMA-induced reduction in AMPK activity. Serine phosphorylation and inhibition of AMPK activity were partially prevented by the broad PKC inhibitor Gö6983 and fully prevented by the specific PKD1 inhibitor CRT0066101. Genetic knockdown of PKD1 also prevented Ser(485/491) phosphorylation of AMPK. Inhibition of previously identified kinases that phosphorylate AMPK at this site (Akt, S6K, and ERK) did not prevent these events. PMA treatment also caused impairments in insulin-signaling through Akt, which were prevented by PKD1 inhibition. Finally, recombinant PKD1 phosphorylated AMPKα2 at Ser(491) in cell-free conditions. These results identify PKD1 as a novel upstream kinase of AMPKα2 Ser(491) that plays a negative role in insulin signaling in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Coughlan
- From the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Rudy J Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and
| | - Bella S Sudit
- From the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Katherine Allen
- From the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Yossi Dagon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Neil B Ruderman
- From the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Asish K Saha
- From the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,.
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Valachovic M, Garaiova M, Holic R, Hapala I. Squalene is lipotoxic to yeast cells defective in lipid droplet biogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:1123-8. [PMID: 26703208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effect of overloaded lipids on cell physiology and viability was described in various organisms. In this study we focused on the potential lipotoxicity of squalene, a linear triterpene synthesized in eukaryotic cells as an intermediate in sterol biosynthesis. Squalene toxicity was studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model unicellular eukaryote established in lipotoxicity studies. Squalene levels in yeast are typically low but its accumulation can be induced under specific conditions, e.g. by inhibition of squalene monooxygenase with the antimycotic terbinafine. At higher levels squalene is stored in lipid droplets. We demonstrated that low doses of terbinafine caused severe impairment of growth and loss of viability of the yeast mutant dga1Δ lro1Δ are1Δ are2Δ unable to form lipid droplets and that these defects were linked to squalene accumulation. The hypersensitivity of the lipid droplet-less mutant to terbinafine was alleviated by decreasing squalene accumulation with low doses of squalene synthase inhibitor zaragozic acid. Our results proved that accumulated squalene is lipotoxic to yeast cells if it cannot be efficiently sequestered in lipid droplets. This supports the hypothesis about the role of squalene in the fungicidal activity of terbinafine. Squalene toxicity may represent also a limiting factor for production of this high-value lipid in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Valachovic
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Moyzesova 61, 90028 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Garaiova
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Moyzesova 61, 90028 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic
| | - Roman Holic
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Moyzesova 61, 90028 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Hapala
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Moyzesova 61, 90028 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic.
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Wittenbecher C, Mühlenbruch K, Kröger J, Jacobs S, Kuxhaus O, Floegel A, Fritsche A, Pischon T, Prehn C, Adamski J, Joost HG, Boeing H, Schulze MB. Amino acids, lipid metabolites, and ferritin as potential mediators linking red meat consumption to type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:1241-50. [PMID: 25948672 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.099150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual red meat consumption was consistently related to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in observational studies. Potentially underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify blood metabolites that possibly relate red meat consumption to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Analyses were conducted in the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam cohort (n = 27,548), applying a nested case-cohort design (n = 2681, including 688 incident diabetes cases). Habitual diet was assessed with validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. Total red meat consumption was defined as energy-standardized summed intake of unprocessed and processed red meats. Concentrations of 14 amino acids, 17 acylcarnitines, 81 glycerophospholipids, 14 sphingomyelins, and ferritin were determined in serum samples from baseline. These biomarkers were considered potential mediators of the relation between total red meat consumption and diabetes risk in Cox models. The proportion of diabetes risk explainable by biomarker adjustment was estimated in a bootstrapping procedure with 1000 replicates. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle, diet, and body mass index, total red meat consumption was directly related to diabetes risk [HR for 2 SD (11 g/MJ): 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57]. Six biomarkers (ferritin, glycine, diacyl phosphatidylcholines 36:4 and 38:4, lysophosphatidylcholine 17:0, and hydroxy-sphingomyelin 14:1) were associated with red meat consumption and diabetes risk. The red meat-associated diabetes risk was significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated after simultaneous adjustment for these biomarkers [biomarker-adjusted HR for 2 SD (11 g/MJ): 1.09; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.38]. The proportion of diabetes risk explainable by respective biomarkers was 69% (IQR: 49%, 106%). CONCLUSION In our study, high ferritin, low glycine, and altered hepatic-derived lipid concentrations in the circulation were associated with total red meat consumption and, independent of red meat, with diabetes risk. The red meat-associated diabetes risk was largely attenuated after adjustment for selected biomarkers, which is consistent with the presumed mediation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Wittenbecher
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Kristin Mühlenbruch
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Janine Kröger
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Simone Jacobs
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Olga Kuxhaus
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Anna Floegel
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Tobias Pischon
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA)
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- From the Department of Molecular Epidemiology (CW, KM, JK, SJ, OK, and MBS), Department of Pharmacology (H-GJ), and the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (A Floegel and HB); the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (CW, KM, JK, OK, A Fritsche, JA, H-GJ, and MBS); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A Fritsche); the Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); the Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (CP and JA); and the Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (JA).
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Anastasiou CA, Stamatelopoulos A, Dedeilias P, Charitos C, Sidossis LS, Kavouras SA. Intracellular diglycerides in relation to glycaemic control in the myocardium: A pilot study in humans. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:422-4. [PMID: 25956848 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Intramyocellular diglycerides have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In the myocardium, excess lipid storage may also contribute to the appearance of diabetic cardiomyopathy, while diglycerides may have certain cardio-protective functions. However, little is known on intracellular diglyceride accumulation in the human heart. We aimed to determine diglyceride accumulation in the human myocardium in relation to diabetes status. METHODS Six diabetic and six non-diabetic aged human subjects undergoing by-pass surgery participated in the study. Subjects were matched for age and body mass index. Intracellular diglyceride levels were measured in heart biopsy samples. Additional samples were taken from pectoralis major muscle that served as control. Whole body glycaemic control was assessed as the percent glycated haemoglobin. RESULTS Intracellular diglycerides were significantly higher in the myocardium compared to pectoralis major (P<0.05). Although not statistically significant, diabetic subjects tended to accumulate smaller amounts of diglycerides compared to non-diabetic subjects in the myocardium. A linear negative correlation was observed between myocardial diglycerides and glycaemic control (r=0.632, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that poor glycaemic control and diabetes may be associated with a defective accumulation of myocardial diglycerides, possibly blunting intracellular processes and contributing to the development of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Anastasiou
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio Univeristy, 70, El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Athens, Greece
| | - A Stamatelopoulos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio Univeristy, 70, El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Athens, Greece; 1st Cardiac Surgery Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Ipsilantou 47, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - P Dedeilias
- 1st Cardiac Surgery Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Ipsilantou 47, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - C Charitos
- 1st Cardiac Surgery Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Ipsilantou 47, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - L S Sidossis
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio Univeristy, 70, El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Athens, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Rebeca Sealy Hospital Building 6.128, Galveston, TX 77555-0177, USA
| | - S A Kavouras
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio Univeristy, 70, El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Athens, Greece; Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is an established pathological condition that contributes to the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic inflammation is dependent on multiple signalling events. In an overnutrition state, canonical inflammatory pathways are induced by inflammatory cytokines and lipid species. They can also be triggered through inflammasome activation as well as through cellular stress provoked by the unfolded protein response at the endoplasmic reticulum as well as by reactive oxygen species. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about signalling events within the cell and describe how they impact on metabolic inflammation and whole-body metabolism. We particularly highlight the interplay between different signalling pathways that link low-grade inflammation responses to the inactivation of the insulin receptor pathway, ultimately leading to insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
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Catecholamine-induced lipolysis causes mTOR complex dissociation and inhibits glucose uptake in adipocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17450-5. [PMID: 25422441 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410530111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anabolic and catabolic signaling oppose one another in adipose tissue to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis, but these pathways are often dysregulated in metabolic disorders. Although it has long been established that stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, the mechanism has remained unclear. Here we report that β-adrenergic-mediated inhibition of glucose uptake requires lipolysis. We also show that lipolysis suppresses glucose uptake by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes 1 and 2 through complex dissociation. In addition, we show that products of lipolysis inhibit mTOR through complex dissociation in vitro. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized intracellular signaling mechanism whereby lipolysis blocks the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mTOR pathway, resulting in decreased glucose uptake. This previously unidentified mechanism of mTOR regulation likely contributes to the development of insulin resistance.
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Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Hulmi JJ, Torvinen S, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Kivelä R, Reunanen H, Kujala UM, Kainulainen H. Lipid droplet-associated proteins in high-fat fed mice with the effects of voluntary running and diet change. Metabolism 2014; 63:1031-40. [PMID: 24972504 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relation between lipid accumulation and influence of exercise on insulin sensitivity is not straightforward. A proper balance between lipid droplet synthesis, lipolysis, and oxidative metabolism would ensure low local intramyocellular fatty acid levels, thereby possibly protecting against lipotoxicity-associated insulin resistance. This study investigated whether the accumulation of triglycerides and lipid droplets in response to high availability of fatty acids after high-fat feeding would parallel the abundance of intramyocellular perilipin proteins, especially PLIN5. The effects on these variables after diet change or voluntary running exercise intervention in skeletal muscle were also investigated. METHODS During a 19-week experiment, C57BL/6J mice were studied in six different groups: low-fat diet sedentary, low-fat diet active, high-fat diet sedentary, high-fat diet active and two groups which were high-fat sedentary for nine weeks, after which divided into low-fat sedentary or low-fat active groups. Myocellular triglyceride concentration and perilipin protein expression levels were assessed. RESULTS We show that, concurrently with impaired insulin sensitivity, the expression level of PLIN5 and muscular triglyceride concentration increased dramatically after high-fat diet. These adaptations were reversible after the diet change intervention with no additional effect of exercise. CONCLUSIONS After high-fat diet, lipid droplets become larger providing more surface area for PLIN5. We suggest that PLIN5 is an important regulator of lipid droplet turnover in altered conditions of fatty acid supply and consumption. Imbalances in lipid droplet metabolism and turnover might lead to lipotoxicity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rinnankoski-Tuikka
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sira Torvinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Silvennoinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Lehti
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hilkka Reunanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Wolf P, Winhofer Y, Anderwald CH, Krššák M, Krebs M. Intracellular lipid accumulation and shift during diabetes progression. Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:320-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Guerra B, Ponce-González JG, Morales-Alamo D, Guadalupe-Grau A, Kiilerich K, Fuentes T, Ringholm S, Biensø RS, Santana A, Lundby C, Pilegaard H, Calbet JAL. Leptin signaling in skeletal muscle after bed rest in healthy humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 114:345-57. [PMID: 24292882 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at determining the effects of bed rest on the skeletal muscle leptin signaling system. METHODS Deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and blood samples were obtained from 12 healthy young men (mean ± SD, BMI 22.8 ± 2.7 kg/m(2)) before and after 7 days of bed rest. Leptin receptor isoforms (OB-Rs), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) protein expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS After bed rest basal insulin concentration was increased by 53% (P < 0.05), the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) by 40% (P < 0.05), and serum leptin concentration by 35% (P < 0.05) with no changes in body fat mass. Although the soluble isoform of the leptin receptor (s-OBR) remained unchanged, the molar excess of leptin over sOB-R was increased by 1.4-fold after bed rest (P < 0.05). OB-Rs and SOCS3 protein expression, and STAT3 phosphorylation level remained unaffected in deltoid and vastus lateralis by bed rest, as PTP1B in the deltoid. PTP1B was increased by 90% with bed rest in the vastus lateralis (P < 0.05). There was a linear relationship between the increase in vastus lateralis PTP1B and the increase in both basal insulin concentrations (r = 0.66, P < 0.05) and HOMA (r = 0.68, P < 0.05) with bed rest. CONCLUSIONS One week of bed rest is associated with increased leptin levels without augmenting STAT3 phosphorylation indicating some degree of leptin resistance in skeletal muscle, which can be explained, at least in part, by an elevation of PTP1B protein content in the vastus lateralis muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Guerra
- Departamento de Educación Física, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain,
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Lipina C, Macrae K, Suhm T, Weigert C, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Baranowski M, Gorski J, Burgess K, Hundal HS. Mitochondrial substrate availability and its role in lipid-induced insulin resistance and proinflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2013; 62:3426-36. [PMID: 23733201 PMCID: PMC3781443 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between glucose and lipid metabolism has been of significant interest in understanding the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance. To gain insight into this metabolic paradigm, we explored the potential interplay between cellular glucose flux and lipid-induced metabolic dysfunction within skeletal muscle. Here, we show that palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance and proinflammation in muscle cells, which is associated with reduced mitochondrial integrity and oxidative capacity, can be attenuated under conditions of glucose withdrawal or glycolytic inhibition using 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). Importantly, these glucopenic-driven improvements coincide with the preservation of mitochondrial function and are dependent on PA oxidation, which becomes markedly enhanced in the absence of glucose. Intriguingly, despite its ability to upregulate mitochondrial PA oxidation, glucose withdrawal did not attenuate PA-induced increases in total intramyocellular diacylglycerol and ceramide. Furthermore, consistent with our findings in cultured muscle cells, we also report enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced proinflammatory tone in soleus muscle from obese Zucker rats fed a 2DG-supplemented diet. Notably, this improved metabolic status after 2DG dietary intervention is associated with markedly reduced plasma free fatty acids. Collectively, our data highlight the key role that mitochondrial substrate availability plays in lipid-induced metabolic dysregulation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Katherine Macrae
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Tamara Suhm
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Paul Langerhans Institute Tübingen), Member of the German Centre for Diabetes Research
| | | | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gorski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karl Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics Metabolomics Facility, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Harinder S. Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
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Sitnick MT, Basantani MK, Cai L, Schoiswohl G, Yazbeck CF, Distefano G, Ritov V, DeLany JP, Schreiber R, Stolz DB, Gardner NP, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T, Zechner R, Goodpaster BH, Coen P, Kershaw EE. Skeletal muscle triacylglycerol hydrolysis does not influence metabolic complications of obesity. Diabetes 2013; 62:3350-61. [PMID: 23835334 PMCID: PMC3781480 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG) accumulation is highly associated with insulin resistance and metabolic complications of obesity (lipotoxicity), whereas comparable IMTG accumulation in endurance-trained athletes is associated with insulin sensitivity (the athlete's paradox). Despite these findings, it remains unclear whether changes in IMTG accumulation and metabolism per se influence muscle-specific and systemic metabolic homeostasis and insulin responsiveness. By mediating the rate-limiting step in triacylglycerol hydrolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has been proposed to influence the storage/production of deleterious as well as essential lipid metabolites. However, the physiological relevance of ATGL-mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis in skeletal muscle remains unknown. To determine the contribution of IMTG hydrolysis to tissue-specific and systemic metabolic phenotypes in the context of obesity, we generated mice with targeted deletion or transgenic overexpression of ATGL exclusively in skeletal muscle. Despite dramatic changes in IMTG content on both chow and high-fat diets, modulation of ATGL-mediated IMTG hydrolysis did not significantly influence systemic energy, lipid, or glucose homeostasis, nor did it influence insulin responsiveness or mitochondrial function. These data argue against a role for altered IMTG accumulation and lipolysis in muscle insulin resistance and metabolic complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch T. Sitnick
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mahesh K. Basantani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lingzhi Cai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia F. Yazbeck
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Giovanna Distefano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir Ritov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James P. DeLany
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Noah P. Gardner
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Petra C. Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Coen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding author: Erin E. Kershaw,
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Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, Gasperi V, Avigliano L. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10497-538. [PMID: 23698776 PMCID: PMC3676851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major risk factor for a plethora of severe diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is often accompanied by an increased risk of mortality and, in the case of non-fatal health problems, the quality of life is impaired because of associated conditions, including sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and infertility. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be the mechanistic link between obesity and related complications. In obese patients, antioxidant defenses are lower than normal weight counterparts and their levels inversely correlate with central adiposity; obesity is also characterized by enhanced levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Inadequacy of antioxidant defenses probably relies on different factors: obese individuals may have a lower intake of antioxidant- and phytochemical-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes; otherwise, consumption of antioxidant nutrients is normal, but obese individuals may have an increased utilization of these molecules, likewise to that reported in diabetic patients and smokers. Also inadequate physical activity may account for a decreased antioxidant state. In this review, we describe current concepts in the meaning of obesity as a state of chronic oxidative stress and the potential interventions to improve redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Ma JY, Li M, Luo YB, Song S, Tian D, Yang J, Zhang B, Hou Y, Schatten H, Liu Z, Sun QY. Maternal factors required for oocyte developmental competence in mice: transcriptome analysis of non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) and surrounded nucleolus (SN) oocytes. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1928-38. [PMID: 23673344 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During mouse antral follicle development, the oocyte chromatin gradually transforms from a less condensed state with no Hoechst-positive rim surrounding the nucleolus (NSN) to a fully condensed chromatin state with a Hoechst-positive rim surrounding the nucleolus (SN). Compared with SN oocytes, NSN oocytes display a higher gene transcription activity and a lower rate of meiosis resumption (G2/M transition), and they are mostly arrested at the two-cell stage after in vitro fertilization. To explore the differences between NSN and SN oocytes, and the maternal factors required for oocyte developmental competence, we compared the whole-transcriptome profiles between NSN and SN oocytes. First, we found that the NSN and SN oocytes were different in their metabolic pathways. In the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, the SN oocytes tend to produce diacylglycerol, whereas the NSN oocytes tend to produce phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For energy production, the SN oocytes and NSN oocytes differed in the gluconeogenesis and in the synthesis processes. Second, we also found that the key genes associated with oocyte meiosis and/or preimplantation embryo development were differently expressed in the NSN and SN oocytes. Our results illustrate that during the NSN-SN transition, the oocytes change their metabolic activities and accumulate maternal factors for further oocyte maturation and post-fertilization embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jelenik
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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