1
|
Zwar L, König HH, Hajek A. Views of aging and mental health - The role of informal care provision: Longitudinal findings of the health and retirement study in the US. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:472-479. [PMID: 38901694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal care is a common form of social support, which can vary greatly in its intensity. While views of aging have shown to be relevant to mental health before, we aim to analyze whether the association between views of aging and depressive symptoms is influenced by the provision of informal care and its intensity. METHODS Data of six waves of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States was used. The sample includes up to 41,058 observations pooled over six waves of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) and attitudes towards own aging (ATOA) with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (higher score indicates positive attitudes); informal caregiving (no/yes) and caregiving intensity (moderate, intense) were surveyed. Adjusted fixed effects regression analysis with robust standard errors, and with caregiving as moderator variable were calculated. RESULTS Informal caregiving did not interact with ATOA. However, transitioning into intense caregiving significantly moderated the association between ATOA and depressive symptoms. Lower depressive symptoms were associated with better ATOA and this association was significantly stronger in the intense caregiving condition than in the non-caregiving condition. No significant interaction effects were found between any form of caregiving and subjective age. LIMITATIONS The possibility of reciprocal effects cannot be excluded. CONCLUSION Internalized ageism and depressive symptoms are more strongly related among caregivers who provide intense care. Thus, interventions to reduce internalized ageism could be helpful in particular among this vulnerable group of informal caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Zwar
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mannheim I, Köttl H. Ageism and (Successful) Digital Engagement: A Proposed Theoretical Model. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnae078. [PMID: 38874215 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, scholars have highlighted the detrimental consequences of technology-based ageism. Digital technology (DT) is commonly discoursed as an opportunity to promote Successful Aging. Nevertheless, the theoretical implications of ageism, DT, and Successful Aging are underexplored. This paper presents a new theoretical model of Digital Engagement and Ageism (D-EngAge), which elaborates on the potential impacts of ageism on digital engagement and participation in later life and explains how ageism may pose a threat to realizing the potential of DT to promote Successful Aging. The D-EngAge model was developed based on a synthesis of findings from 12 recent studies we conducted on the intersection of ageism and DT. Findings were synthesized through Iversen's clasification of four dimensions of ageism, demonstrating how ageism as a multifaceted construct has a reciprocal relationship with digital engagement on the micro- (individual), meso- (social interaction), and macro-levels (discourses and societal practices). Consequently, digital engagement on these levels may exacerbate or reduce technology-based ageism. This forum paper identifies ageism as a barrier to utilizing DT, critically discusses power imbalances, and deconstructs Successful Aging discourses regarding digital engagement. Theoretical implications and recommendations for future interventions and policy measures to mitigate ageism and promote digital engagement and participation in later life are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ittay Mannheim
- Department of Communication Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hanna Köttl
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weissberger GH, Lim AC, Mosqueda L, Nguyen AL, Fenton L, Han SD. Subjective Age Moderates the Relationship Between Global Cognition and Susceptibility to Scams. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:1033-1041. [PMID: 38323997 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241229879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the interactive effect of subjective age on the relationship between global cognition and susceptibility to scams. Sixty-five participants underwent an assessment of global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination; MMSE), reported their perceived age (i.e., subjective age), and responded to a self-report questionnaire assessing scam susceptibility. A main effect of global cognition on scam susceptibility was found (p = .028); there was no main effect of subjective age (p = .819). An interaction between global cognition and subjective age was found (p = .016). Examination of conditional effects demonstrated that the relationship between cognition and scam susceptibility was not significant amongst those with subjective ages below one standard deviation of the mean, but was significant for those whose subjective ages fell around or above the mean. Findings suggest that individuals with older subjective ages may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of lower cognition on scam susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C Lim
- USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Alhambra, CA, USA
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Laura Fenton
- USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Duke Han
- USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Alhambra, CA, USA
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ng R, Indran N. Questions About Aging and Later Life on Quora. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnae060. [PMID: 38813784 PMCID: PMC11263882 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gerontologists have yet to explore the types of questions individuals have about later life. Analyzing questions offers a unique perspective on how individuals make sense of age-related issues. Specifically, questions require people to articulate specific inquiries or doubts, thus providing an unfiltered glimpse into the public's concerns and priorities vis-à-vis aging. We conduct a content analysis of questions posted on Quora that pertain to later life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compiled 2,950 questions posted across four topics on Quora: "Aging," "Senior Citizens," "Elders" and "Older People." After applying our exclusion criteria, 658 questions were left for content analysis. These questions received more than 250 million views. Both deductive and inductive approaches guided the qualitative analysis. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the analysis. The biggest theme (30%; N = 195) dealt with 'Practical Concerns' (Theme 1). The next biggest theme (29%; N = 191) was about "Health and Well-Being" (Theme 2). Theme 3 was about the 'Prolongation of Youth' (16%; N = 110) and Theme 4 was about the 'Science of Aging' (15%; N = 97). Theme 5 covered 'Existential Concerns' (10%; N = 65). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS There is a need to address concerns that the public has about aging, particularly those involving practical issues and health. Growing old is unavoidable and with the population aging at a rapid pace, assuaging such concerns is of paramount importance. By doing so, individuals can approach the aging process with greater clarity and an elevated sense of empowerment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ng
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd’s Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Indran
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ly TK, Allen RS, Cundiff JM, DeCaro JA. Investigating the Effects of Discrimination Experiences on Everyday Metamemory Accuracy. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae089. [PMID: 38841817 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lifetime and daily experiences of discrimination contribute to impaired performance on cognitive assessments. However, the underlying mechanism by which discrimination negatively affects cognition is unclear. Recent research investigating stress-induced impairment of metamemory may address the relationship between discrimination experiences and cognitive impairment. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of lifetime and daily experiences of discrimination, daily affect balance, baseline objective cognitive performance, and sociodemographic variables (age, race, ethnicity, and sex) with metamemory accuracy across the lifespan (ages 20-75). Impaired metamemory accuracy was defined by the number of subjective cognitive complaints. Diary data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS Refresher 1) Daily Diary Project (N = 782) was used for these analyses. RESULTS Results from linear mixed model analyses showed significant within-person effects of daily discrimination, where people who reported more daily discrimination also reported lower metamemory accuracy, and daily affect balance, where people who reported very negative affect also reported lower metamemory accuracy. Additionally, linear mixed model analyses revealed significant between-person effects of race on metamemory accuracy, with individuals from minoritized racial groups generally reporting poorer metamemory accuracy. Daily discrimination experiences also interacted with other variables in predicting day-to-day metamemory accuracy. DISCUSSION These findings add to our understanding of how psychosocial stress in the form of daily discrimination experiences may impair metamemory processes contributing to increased subjective cognitive complaints. Future research should consider the contribution of daily experiences of discrimination across the lifespan to poor cognitive outcomes in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Ly
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Rebecca S Allen
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeanne M Cundiff
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Jason A DeCaro
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu RX, Kayser J, Dunkle RE, Tarr J. Needs and Challenges for Volunteering in Rural Areas: Lessons Learned From a Survey of a Service Organization in Rural Michigan. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnae080. [PMID: 38874563 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Volunteers are the foundation of social service agencies in rural communities, yet limited research exists on their needs and challenges. Motivated by the multidimensional older voluntarism sustainability framework, this study aims to understand (1) the characteristics of volunteers, (2) the relationships between volunteers' sense of community and their own aging and volunteer retention, and (3) the unique challenges faced by volunteers and volunteer-based agencies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study uses a mixed-methods design. Data were gathered via telephone interviews (n = 76) and in-person focus groups (n = 14) from the volunteer pool of a nonprofit organization in rural Michigan. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to understand the characteristics of the volunteers. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify unique challenges faced by rural agencies and volunteers. RESULTS Findings show that most volunteers were over 70, women, married, volunteered weekly or more, and were affiliated with multiple agencies. Volunteers with a stronger attachment to the community and higher self-perceptions of aging were likelier to continue and increase volunteering commitments. Due to the low population density in rural areas, volunteers were concerned about the heavy burden of volunteering, the lack of social connections with fellow volunteers, and the lack of active involvement in shaping the organization. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Results from the study shed light on the urgent need for creative and engaging volunteer recruitment and retention strategies to sustain older adults, service agencies, and communities in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Xiaochen Hu
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jay Kayser
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth E Dunkle
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julie Tarr
- ShareCare of Leelanau, Inc., Leland, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wong CN, Smith LH, Cavanaugh R, Kim DH, Streed CG, Kapadia F, Olivieri-Mui B. Assessing how frailty and healthcare delays mediate the association between sexual and gender minority status and healthcare utilization in the All of Us Research Program. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024:ocae205. [PMID: 39078278 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand how frailty and healthcare delays differentially mediate the association between sexual and gender minority older adults (OSGM) status and healthcare utilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the All of Us Research Program participants ≥50 years old were analyzed using marginal structural modelling to assess if frailty or healthcare delays mediated OSGM status and healthcare utilization. OSGM status, healthcare delays, and frailty were assessed using survey data. Electronic health record (EHR) data was used to measure the number of medical visits or mental health (MH) visit days, following 12 months from the calculated All of Us Frailty Index. Analyses adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, income, HIV, marital status ± general MH (only MH analyses). RESULTS Compared to non-OSGM, OSGM adults have higher rates of medical visits (adjusted rate ratio [aRR]: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.24) and MH visits (aRR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.91). Frailty mediated the association between OSGM status medical visits (Controlled direct effect [Rcde] aRR: 1.03, 95% CI [0.87, 1.22]), but not MH visits (Rcde aRR: 0.37 [95% CI: 0.06, 1.47]). Delays mediated the association between OSGM status and MH visit days (Rcde aRR: 2.27, 95% CI [1.15, 3.76]), but not medical visits (Rcde aRR: 1.06 [95% CI: 0.97, 1.17]). DISCUSSION Frailty represents a need for medical care among OSGM adults, highlighting the importance of addressing it to improve health and healthcare utilization disparities. In contrast, healthcare delays are a barrier to MH care, underscoring the necessity of targeted strategies to ensure timely MH care for OSGM adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Wong
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, United States
- Department of Medicine, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, United States
| | - Louisa H Smith
- Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert Cavanaugh
- Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, United States
| | - Dae H Kim
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, United States
- Department of Medicine, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, United States
| | - Carl G Streed
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
- GenderCare Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Farzana Kapadia
- D epartment of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Brianne Olivieri-Mui
- Department of Medicine, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, United States
- Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ng R, Indran N. Public Interest in Research on Aging: Analysis of Altmetric Attention Scores Over 5 Years. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241265191. [PMID: 39030665 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241265191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study pinpoints the areas in gerontological research that have commanded the most public attention as scored by Altmetric. We collected 12,740 outputs published in gerontological journals over 5 years from 2017 to 2022. Next, we identified the top 5% of outputs with the highest Altmetric Attention Scores. After removing duplicate publications and those without an abstract, 588 outputs remained. Our content analysis of the abstracts was conducted deductively and inductively. Theme 1 (50%; N = 293) revolved around "Health and Well-Being" (Theme 1). Theme 2 (28%; N = 164) was about "Health Services, Interventions and Innovations." Theme 3 was about "Informal and Long-Term Care" (13%; N = 80). Theme 4 focused on "Structural Inequalities" affecting older adults (9%; N = 51). Gerontologists should strengthen collaboration with other stakeholders to better engage the public across different age-related issues. These partnerships will enable the creation of initiatives that better serve the needs of aging populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ng
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Indran
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gellert P, Alonso-Perez E. Psychosocial and biological pathways to aging : The role(s) of the behavioral and social sciences in geroscience. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024:10.1007/s00391-024-02324-1. [PMID: 38985210 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-024-02324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
While the biological hallmarks of aging are widely recognized as fundamental mechanisms of biological aging, more recently, there have been calls within geroscience to understand the aging process more comprehensively by adding a perspective of the social hallmarks of aging. Social and behavioral factors, such as socioeconomic status, life events or behavior and beliefs can alter the aging process per se and act in complex interactions with biological pathways. In addition, underlying biological pathways have been proposed for various psychosocial concepts, such as views on age and relationship quality. The aim of the present article is to provide narrative insights into theoretical and empirical developments between social and behavioral gerontology and geroscience or biogerontology. This article focuses on the potential of an interdisciplinary aging research but it also sets out the critical perspective that social gerontology provides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gellert
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center Population Diversity, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Enrique Alonso-Perez
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center Population Diversity, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ng R, Indran N, Liu L. Social media discourse on ageism, sexism, and racism: Analysis of 150 million tweets over 15 years. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024. [PMID: 38958541 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.19047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageism is a major but oft-overlooked social determinant of health. In fact, it is widely accepted among scholars that ageism is one of the least acknowledged forms of inequality, although few empirical attempts have been made to substantiate this claim. This is the first study that quantifies the amount of discourse dedicated to ageism, sexism, and racism on Twitter. Specifically, we rely on the usage of hashtags as a proxy for the frequency of discussions surrounding each form of inequality over a 15-year period from 2007 to 2022. We also identify key events that triggered spikes in Twitter activity for each form of inequality. METHODS Hashtags related to racism and sexism were extracted from past scholarship. We also employed a snowball sampling method whereby we queried the hashtags using Twitter's search function to identify other hashtags. As limited research has been conducted on ageism-related hashtags, we queried hashtags utilized by advocacy groups and adopted a snowball sampling method to compile other relevant hashtags. Tweets collected (N = 154,353,047) spanned 15 years, from August 23, 2007 to December 31, 2022. RESULTS From 2007 to 2022, racism-related hashtags were used the most, followed by sexism-related hashtags and ageism-related hashtags. Racism-related hashtags (N = 99,250,348) were mentioned about 60 times more than ageism-related hashtags (N = 1,648,926). Sexism-related hashtags (N = 38,933,113) were mentioned 24 times more than ageism-related hashtags. The increasing linear trend of tweets associated with ageism (p < 0.001), sexism (p < 0.05), and racism (p < 0.05) reached significance. Incidents of racism and sexism often generated widespread public outrage. Conversely, instances of ageism rarely caused spikes in social media activity. Rather, these spikes were mainly observed during events such as the release of a report on ageism, a conference related to aging, or observances such as International Day of Older Persons. CONCLUSION There is a need to hasten moves to raise awareness of ageism. To ensure that discussions on ageism are not confined to academic and policy circles, advocacy campaigns could be held to educate the public on the issue and its negative concomitants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ng
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Indran
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luyao Liu
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bergman YS, Faran Y, Caspi E, Klonover E. Subjective Age and Loneliness in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Attachment Patterns. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:970-977. [PMID: 38131214 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231223357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness in older adults has been associated with a myriad of undesirable physical and psychological consequences, as well as with negative age and aging perceptions. However, little is known regarding the effect of individual differences in the ability to seek, maintain, and benefit from close relationships in this context. Accordingly, we examined the associations between subjective age (i.e., how old/young one feels vis-à-vis his/her chronological age; SA), attachment patterns, and loneliness. Data were collected from 840 older adults in Israel (Mage = 74.75, SD = 5.50, range = 67-94), who provided information pertaining to SA, attachment anxiety/avoidance, and loneliness. Loneliness was associated with an older SA, as well as with high levels of attachment anxiety/avoidance. Moreover, the association between SA and loneliness was nullified for individuals with low levels of attachment anxiety/avoidance. The discussion highlights the importance of both age perceptions and attachment patterns for understanding the underlying mechanisms of late-life loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav S Bergman
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Yifat Faran
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Eden Caspi
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Eyal Klonover
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang K, Chen XS, Kang SY, Smith BD, Gu D. Older adults' online activities and cognition: Investigating the psychological mechanisms and age and gender differences. Soc Sci Med 2024; 352:116988. [PMID: 38820692 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate psychological mechanisms underlying the association between older adults' Internet use and cognition and examine potential age and gender group differences. METHODS 2064 older participants were extracted from the Waves 2012, 2013, and 2016 Health and Retirement Study. Internet use was measured by two sets of variables: Internet access and different types of online activities (i.e., informational use, social use, online shopping, and online banking). Path analyses were applied to test the proposed mechanisms via three mediators (i.e., loneliness, depressive symptoms, and perceived control). Multi-group analyses were conducted to examine the potential group differences. RESULTS Internet use was positively associated with cognition. Despite the large direct effect, small but significant indirect effects via depressive symptoms and perceived control were identified across all online activities. Multi-group analyses revealed age-group differences in the mechanisms: depressive symptoms mediated the effects of all online activities on cognition among young-old adults, while perceived control mediated all the effects among old-old adults. Gender group differences were also identified: depressive symptoms mediated the effects of all online activities on cognition among older women and most online activities among older men, whereas perceived control mediated the associations between informational and instrumental (i.e., online shopping and banking) use and cognition among older men. DISCUSSION This study highlights the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and perceived control and age and gender differences regarding the Internet use-cognition association. Internet-based cognitive interventions should consider these psychological mediators and age and gender differences for the best results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Social Work, College of Community and Public Affairs, The State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Xiayu Summer Chen
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Suk-Young Kang
- Department of Social Work, College of Community and Public Affairs, The State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Brenda D Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA.
| | - Danan Gu
- Independent Researcher, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meyer-Wyk F, Wurm S. The role of social network diversity in self-perceptions of aging in later life. Eur J Ageing 2024; 21:20. [PMID: 38926182 PMCID: PMC11208383 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-024-00815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While the link between self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and healthy aging is well established, less is known about the association between social factors and SPA. The present study investigated whether higher social network diversity is associated with more positive and less negative SPA and whether this association is moderated by age. We examined cross-sectional data from the German Ageing Survey of 2008 (DEAS; N = 6205, 40-85 years, 49.5% female). Network diversity was assessed as the number of social roles in an individual's network (such as spouse, friend and colleague). Three domains of SPA were measured using the Aging-Related Cognitions Scale (AgeCog): ongoing development (positive SPA), social losses (negative SPA) and physical losses (negative SPA). We conducted multiple linear regression models and tested for a moderator effect of age using an interaction term of age and network diversity. Results showed that at higher ages older adults with higher network diversity reported more positive SPA related to ongoing development and more negative SPA related to social losses than those with less diverse networks, indicating that age has a moderating effect. We found no association between network diversity and negative SPA related to physical losses and no indication that age was relevant to this relationship. The present study adds to evidence on the role of social networks in SPA. Our findings suggest that in certain SPA domains and depending on age, network diversity is related to both more positive and more negative SPA, which emphasizes the importance of considering domain-specific SPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Meyer-Wyk
- Department for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | - Susanne Wurm
- Department for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Francioli SP, Shakeri A, North MS. Americans harbor much less favorable explicit sentiments toward young adults than toward older adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311009121. [PMID: 38885376 PMCID: PMC11213976 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311009121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Public and academic discourse on ageism focuses primarily on prejudices targeting older adults, implicitly assuming that this age group experiences the most age bias. We test this assumption in a large, preregistered study surveying Americans' explicit sentiments toward young, middle-aged, and older adults. Contrary to certain expectations about the scope and nature of ageism, responses from two crowdsourced online samples matched to the US adult population (N = 1,820) revealed that older adults garner the most favorable sentiments and young adults, the least favorable ones. This pattern held across a wide range of participant demographics and outcome variables, in both samples. Signaling derogation of young adults more than benign liking of older adults, participants high on SDO (i.e., a key antecedent of group prejudice) expressed even less favorable sentiments toward young adults-and more favorable ones toward older adults. In two follow-up, preregistered, forecasting surveys, lay participants (N = 500) were generally quite accurate at predicting these results; in contrast, social scientists (N = 241) underestimated how unfavorably respondents viewed young adults and how favorably they viewed older adults. In fact, the more expertise in ageism scientists had, the more biased their forecasts. In a rapidly aging world with exacerbated concerns over older adults' welfare, young adults also face increasing economic, social, political, and ecological hardship. Our findings highlight the need for policymakers and social scientists to broaden their understanding of age biases and develop theory and policies that ponder discriminations targeting all age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane P. Francioli
- Management Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19148
| | - Angela Shakeri
- Management and Organizations Department, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY10012
| | - Michael S. North
- Management and Organizations Department, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY10012
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martínez-Angulo P, Rich-Ruiz M, Jiménez-Mérida MR, López-Quero S. Active listening, shared decision-making and participation in care among older women and primary care nurses: a critical discourse analysis approach from a gender perspective. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:401. [PMID: 38886702 PMCID: PMC11181639 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing care for older women represent a challenge worldwide due to its characteristics. When communication is impaired between primary care nurses and older women living alone, an imbalance in power relations occurs. The main objective of this study is to analyse the power relations between older women and primary care nurses in situations of active listening, shared decision-making and participation in care. METHODS We developed a qualitative study in southern Spain using a discursive and gender approach. We used purposeful sampling to interview older women who lived alone and received home nursing care. Simultaneously, we conducted focus groups with primary care nurses who provided home care to older women. A linguistic analysis of the transcripts was carried out. RESULTS Nine semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with older women who lived alone and two face-to-face focus groups with four primary care nurses in each. The discourse of the participants demonstrated an imbalance in power relations. Influenced by work overload, active listening was considered a privilege in primary care nurses´ discourse. Regarding shared decision-making, older women´s discourses revealed "mirages" of real situations where they thought they were deciding. Participation in care was difficult since older women saw themselves as a nuisance in nurses´ presence, and primary care nurses did not facilitate older women's engagement. Older women weren´t considered when organising home visits and had interiorised a subordinated feeling. Similarly, a strict sense of identity made primary care nurses feel powerful in their relationships with older women. CONCLUSIONS The discourse of older women represented them as victims of a hostile panorama whilst they were sometimes satisfied with the deficient care received. The discourse of primary care nurses used more discursive strategies to represent themselves as professionals committed to caring. However, it also revealed deficiencies in care, discriminatory elements, and feelings of being limited by their working conditions. Active listening to older women and engagement in decision-making readjust empower the older women. Attending to the needs and concerns of primary care nurses could recalibrate the power imbalance between them and healthcare organisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martínez-Angulo
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Edificio Servicios Múltiples. 1St Floor. Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Discourse Analysis (HUM380), University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Rich-Ruiz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Edificio Servicios Múltiples. 1St Floor. Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain.
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Ciber Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-Isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Rocío Jiménez-Mérida
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Edificio Servicios Múltiples. 1St Floor. Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Quero
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Discourse Analysis (HUM380), University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Córdoba (UCO), 14003, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Shi W. Effects of Age Stereotypes of Older Workers on Job Performance and Intergenerational Knowledge Transfer Intention and Mediating Mechanisms. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:503. [PMID: 38920835 PMCID: PMC11200610 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The workforce is aging with the population aging. How to effectively manage and motivate older workers is significant for elderly human resources development and the sustainable development of enterprises in organizations. Age stereotypes of older workers refer to people's beliefs and expectations about a specific group of 45-65-year-olds in the workplace. This paper examines the effect of age stereotypes of older workers on job performance and intergenerational knowledge transfer intention. This study carried out two research designs, a questionnaire survey and an experimental study, to explore the effects of positive and negative age stereotypes of older workers on job performance and intergenerational knowledge transfer intention within an organizational context and underlying mediating mechanisms. The results showed that positive stereotypes of older workers significantly positively affected job performance and intergenerational knowledge transfer intention. In comparison, negative stereotypes of older workers significantly negatively affected job performance and intergenerational knowledge transfer intention, and self-perception of aging substantially mediates the effects. This study broadens the research field on the impact of positive and negative age stereotypes on older workers in organizational contexts. This study guides organizations in reducing age discrimination, creating an inclusive workplace environment, and achieving the successful aging of older workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Shi
- School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brennan-Ing M, Haberlen S, Ware D, Meanley S, Palella FJ, Bolan R, Cook JA, Okafor CN, Friedman MR, Plankey MW. Does Resilience Mediate the Relationship Between Negative Self-Image and Psychological Distress in Middle-Aged and Older Gay and Bisexual Men? Res Aging 2024:1640275241261414. [PMID: 38886913 DOI: 10.1177/01640275241261414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Aging gay and bisexual men may have negative self-images due to body image dissatisfaction and internalized ageism, resulting in psychological distress. Gay and bisexual men with HIV may be at greater risk for distress because of research linking HIV to accelerated aging. We examined associations between self-image and psychological distress, and potential mediating effects (resilience, fitness engagement), and whether these relationships were moderated by HIV serostatus. We tested our hypotheses with structural equation modeling using data from gay and bisexual men with HIV (n = 525, Mage = 57.6) and without HIV (n = 501, Mage = 62.2). We observed significant positive associations between self-image and distress and significant mediation effects (resilience, fitness engagement) that were moderated by HIV serostatus (resilience was only significant for men with HIV). We conclude that resilience interventions may be beneficial in alleviating distress from negative self-image among aging gay and bisexual men with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brennan-Ing
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College, the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deanna Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steven Meanley
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank J Palella
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Bolan
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judith A Cook
- Center on Mental Health Services Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chukwuemeka N Okafor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- School of Public Health, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael W Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grummt M, Hafermann L, Claussen L, Herrmann C, Wolfarth B. Rating of Perceived Exertion: A Large Cross-Sectional Study Defining Intensity Levels for Individual Physical Activity Recommendations. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38856875 PMCID: PMC11164849 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a growing risk factor worldwide, therefore getting people into sports is necessary. When prescribing physical activity, it is essential to recommend the correct training intensities. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) enables precise determination of individuals' training intensities but is unavailable for a broad population. Therefore, the Borg scale allows individuals to assess perceived exertion and set their intensity easily and cost-efficiently. In order to transfer CPX to rating of perceived exertion (RPE), previous studies investigated RPE on specific physiological anchors, e.g. blood lactate (bLa) concentrations, but representativeness for a broad population is questionable. Some contradictory findings regarding individual factors influencing RPE occur, whereas univariable analysis has been performed so far. Moreover, a multivariable understanding of individual factors influencing RPE is missing. This study aims to determine RPE values at the individual anaerobic threshold (LT2) and defined bLa concentrations in a large cohort and to evaluate individual factors influencing RPE with multivariable analysis. METHODS CPX with bicycle or treadmill ergometer of 6311 participants were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. RPE values at bLa concentrations 2 mmol/l, 3 mmol/l, 4 mmol/l, and LT2 (first rise in bLa over baseline + 1.5 mmol/l) were estimated by spline interpolation. Multivariable cumulative ordinal regression models were performed to assess the influence of sex, age, type of ergometry, VO2max, and duration of exercise testing on RPE. RESULTS Median values [interquartile range (IQR)] of the total population were RPE 13 [11; 14] at 2 mmol/l, RPE 15 [13; 16] at 3 mmol/l, RPE 16 [15; 17] at 4 mmol/l, and RPE 15 [14; 16] at LT2. Main influence of individual factors on RPE were seen especially at 2 mmol/l: male sex (odds ratio (OR) [95%-CI]: 0.65 [0.587; 0.719]), treadmill ergometry (OR 0.754 [0.641; 0.886]), number of stages (OR 1.345 [1.300; 1.394]), age (OR 1.015 [1.012; 1.018]), and VO2max (OR 1.023 [1.015; 1.030]). Number of stages was the only identified influencing factor on RPE at all lactate concentrations/LT2 (3 mmol/l: OR 1.290 [1.244; 1.336]; 4 mmol/l: OR 1.229 [1.187; 1.274]; LT2: OR 1.155 [1.115; 1.197]). CONCLUSION Our results suggest RPE ≤ 11 for light intensity, RPE 12-14 for moderate intensity, and RPE 15-17 for vigorous intensity, which slightly differs from the current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations. Additionally, we propose an RPE of 15 delineating heavy and severe intensity domain. Age, sex, type of ergometry, duration of exercise, and cardiopulmonary fitness should be considered when recommending individualized intensities with RPE, primarily at lower intensities. Therefore, this study can be used as a new guideline for prescribing individual RPE values in the clinical practice, predominantly for endurance type exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Grummt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 13 Haus 11, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lorena Hafermann
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Claussen
- Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Herrmann
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 13 Haus 11, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prieto LR, Shires DA, Xiong Y. Factors Associated with Erectile Dysfunction Among Older Gay Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024:10.1007/s10508-024-02908-3. [PMID: 38839704 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common issue that aging men encounter, but whether internalized gay ageism (i.e., the internalization of ageist messages within the context of aging as a gay man) is related to ED among older gay men is unknown. A cross-sectional web-based survey explored the relationship between internalized gay ageism, health-related and social factors, and ED among older gay men who resided in the Midwest United States (N = 181). Internalized gay ageism was not significantly associated with ED. However, hierarchical regression analysis found that age (β = .224, t = 2.70, p = .008) and overall health (β = -.247, t = -3.05, p = .003) were significantly associated with ED among older gay men, suggesting that older gay men share similar risk factors for ED as the general male population. Future research should continue to explore other factors that are unique to gay men that may be associated with ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Prieto
- Department of Social Work, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - Deirdre A Shires
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuan Xiong
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Murphy DJ, Porter MM, Mackenzie CS, Chipperfield JG. Development, feasibility, and acceptability of a process based intervention to decrease internalized ageism. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38825865 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2024.2360395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A lifetime of exposure to ageism may be internalized in older adults, and these ageist beliefs that are directed inwards can have severe consequences. However, research on reducing internalized ageism is scarce. To address this, we designed and implemented a six-week online process-based intervention to reduce internalized ageism and to assess its feasibility. The intervention utilized a process-based therapy approach targeting psychological, behavioral, and physiological pathways through which internalized ageism negatively impacts health, as specified by stereotype embodiment theory. Intervention components included education, acceptance and commitment therapy techniques, and attributional retraining. A total of 81 older adult participants participated in the feasibility study. Most participants rated each session and the overall program as very useful after each session (average program usefulness rating of 4.54/5). Participants also attributed a wide range of novel behaviors to this intervention and stated that they felt it changed their perspectives on ageism and/or internalized ageism. Results from this study provide a promising foundation from which to advance research on interventions that address internalized ageism - a problem that has severe consequences on the health and well-being of growing numbers of older adults globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas J Murphy
- Clinical Psychology MA student, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michelle M Porter
- Director, Centre on Aging, Professor, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Course S, Koç FŞ, Saka FÖ. Representation of older adults in Turkish newspaper reports during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Aging Stud 2024; 69:101232. [PMID: 38834247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This research investigates the representation of older adults in Turkish newspaper reports during the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey in order to understand the representation and reinforcement of ageism in this context. To this end, fifty newspaper reports from five top-selling Turkish newspapers at the time were selected randomly and analysed using critical discourse analysis for the text producers' linguistic choices in the representations of older adults. The findings show that the older adults were represented predominantly in relation to the lockdown measures and as members of a homogeneous group. They were mainly evaluated negatively as a vulnerable, passive, and at risk group who lacked truthfulness and exhibited unusual behaviour. They were also found to be not among the intended readers of the newspaper reports. This resulted in the infantilisation of older adults and the removal of their agency. Our findings point to the linguistic choices realising these discursive practices in the Turkish context. We argue that these findings follow a trend of representation of older adults in discursive practices and that these practices are instrumental in forming ageist stereotypes and reinforcing age-related bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simla Course
- English Language Teaching Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Şeyma Koç
- English Language Teaching Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Özlem Saka
- English Language Teaching Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dzando G, Ward P, Gesesew HA, Tyndall J, Ambagtsheer RC. Prevalence, perceptions, and experiences of frailty among older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries: A mixed method systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 121:105360. [PMID: 38341959 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is increasingly becoming a public health concern, especially among vulnerable populations. Older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries present with poorer health and are at increased risk of becoming frail. This review aims to explore the prevalence, perceptions, and experiences of frailty among older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries. METHODS This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Five electronic databases were comprehensively searched for relevant literature published from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2023. Quality appraisal for the quantitative studies was done with the Joanna Brigg's critical appraisal tool for analytic cross-sectional studies, and the qualitative studies were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skill Program tool for qualitative studies. RESULT Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Frailty was assessed using modified versions of the Frailty Phenotype and Frailty Index. The prevalence of frailty using the Frailty Phenotype was 16.6 %, and 17 % to 61.9 % according to the Frailty Index. The perceptions and experiences of frailty were characterised by chronic ill-health and a review of healthy pre-migration and early migration lives. CONCLUSION Despite the variation in frailty assessment methods, the high prevalence of frailty among older migrants was highlighted across the included studies. The perceptions and experiences of frailty reflect a state of resignation which can complicate the state of frailty. There is the need for ongoing research among migrant groups to identify their predisposition to frailty for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Dzando
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Paul Ward
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hailay Abrha Gesesew
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Jessica Tyndall
- Library, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachel C Ambagtsheer
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin Y, Zhang B, Ma Y. How Do Aging Self-Stereotypes Relate to Social Isolation in Older Adults? The Intervening Roles of Sense of Coherence and Cellphone Use. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1100-1116. [PMID: 36282146 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221135483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among aging self-stereotype, sense of coherence (SOC), and social isolation, as well as further explore the moderating role of cellphone use in older adults. The 817 Chinese older adults were assessed with regard to aging self-stereotypes, social isolation, SOC and cellphone use. Results from mediation analyses revealed that the negative effect of aging self-stereotype on social isolation was mediated by SOC. Moderated mediation analyses further indicated that the path from SOC to social isolation was stronger and the path from aging self-stereotype to social isolation was weaker for older adults with a higher level of cellphone use. These findings indicated that negative stereotypes were related to weaker SOC and are associated with more severe social isolation. Frequent use of cellphones can alleviate the negative effect of aging self-stereotype on social isolation and enhance the positive effect of SOC on social isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ludwig V, Kessler EM, Warner LM, Pedroso-Chaparro MDS, Rothermund K, de Paula Couto MCP. 'Who tells me when to stay active or to leave?' age differences in and predictors of endorsement of prescriptive views of aging. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38804061 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2354333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prescriptive views of aging (PVoA) are normative age-based expectations about age-appropriate behavior for older adults, e.g. that they should stay fit/active (active aging norms) but also behave altruistically toward younger generations (altruistic disengagement norms). We aimed at examining age differences in endorsement of active aging and altruistic disengagement and investigated predictors of endorsement. METHOD In the AGEISM Germany survey, a representative sample of N = 1,915 German participants was recruited, covering a wide age range (Mage=56.57 years, 16-96 years). Cross-sectional data was collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews. RESULTS Active aging was more strongly endorsed than altruistic disengagement. Endorsement of both PVoA was higher in older age groups - even more pronounced for altruistic disengagement. Endorsement of both norms was positively associated with positive age stereotypes. Furthermore, active aging was predicted by age centrality whereas altruistic disengagement was predicted by negative age stereotypes. Age was still a robust predictor of PVoA even after entering additional predictors. CONCLUSION Although associated, prescriptive age norms (i.e. beliefs how older people should behave) and descriptive age norms (i.e. beliefs about how older adults and the aging process are like) represent partly independent belief systems, highlighting the importance to assess & further investigate predictors and consequences of PVoA, which become more prevalent with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ludwig
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Marie Kessler
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Warner
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Rothermund
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao J, Chen H, Chen H, Chen Y, Xu J, Wang Y, Wang Z. A cohort study of self-perception of ageing and all-cause mortality among older adults in China: a multiple mediators analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1382. [PMID: 38783196 PMCID: PMC11112801 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive self-perception of aging (SPA) is a well-known predictor of longevity, while how and to what extent SPA is linked with all-cause mortality among older adults is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between positive SPA and all-cause mortality and its potential mediators among Chinese older adults. METHODS This is a 20-year dynamic cohort study conducted among 22,957 older adults aged ≥ 65 years old from a nationally representative sample. Positive SPA was measured using a validated 7-item scale. Potential mediators including health behaviors and social participation were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted to examine the association between positive SPA and all-cause mortality. A mediation analysis was conducted to determine whether health behaviors and social participation mediated the association between SPA and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Throughout follow-up (median [interquartile range], 46 [21-84] months), all-cause mortality was 87.4%. Compared with older adults with the lowest quartile positive SPA, hazard ratio(HR) of all-cause mortality among older adults with the second, third, and fourth quartile of positive SPA was 0.96(95%CI:0.93-1.00), 0.93(95%CI:0.90-0.99), and 0.92(95%CI:0.87-0.96) respectively after controlling for all potential mediators and covariates. The mediation analysis showed that regular daily vegetable intake, physical activity, and high social participation explained 41.1-48.5% of the variance in the association between positive SPA and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, we found that high positive SPA was associated with decreased all-cause mortality directly, and indirectly through healthy lifestyle behaviors and social participation. These findings suggest that interventions targeted at promoting or maintaining positive SPA may contribute to healthy ageing among older adults in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Cooperative Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Core unit of Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Huashuai Chen
- Business School, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Geriatrics Dept, First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuball T, Jahn G. Subjective social status across the past, present, and future: status trajectories of older adults. Eur J Ageing 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38780658 PMCID: PMC11116347 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-024-00810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Beyond objective indicators of social status (e.g., income or education), the subjective social status (SSS; i.e., the self-assessed position in a social hierarchy) is associated with psychological well-being and physiological functioning. Existing research has focused on older adults' current status evaluations, neglecting perceived temporal stability or change in SSS which can further impact self-perception and emotional well-being. In the present study, we examined older adults' (N = 191; mean age = 73.5) SSS with regard to their past, present, and future. Examining SSS for multiple time-points allowed us to identify profiles representing trajectories of status from the past to the future by conducting latent profile analysis. Furthermore, we tested associations of the identified trajectory-profiles with aging anxiety and negative affect. Results showed that, on average, participants anticipated higher future status losses than they had experienced in the past, regardless of age. In the more nuanced profile analysis, we identified four trajectory-profiles: A high (17%), a moderate (57%), and a low perceived social status (14%) trajectory, as well as a profile representing a perceived decrease in status (12%). While a lower status was associated with more aging anxiety and negative affect, most aging anxiety and negative affect was found for profiles representing a low initial status-level and a perceived decrease in status. Findings implicate that social status comparisons with others but also status comparisons with past- and future-selves are relevant for older adults. The discussion highlights the benefits of improving or stabilizing subjective assessments of status in later adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kuball
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Wilhelm-Raabe-Str. 43, 09120, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Georg Jahn
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Wilhelm-Raabe-Str. 43, 09120, Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prieto LR, Shires DA, Xiong Y. Social and Mental Health Factors Associated with Sexual Satisfaction Among Older Gay Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38776454 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2353054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The internalization of ageist stereotypes or messages based on the framework of an aging gay man is known as internalized gay ageism. Internalized gay ageism may influence an older gay man's sexual satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between internalized gay ageism and sexual satisfaction and determine if body image was a potential mediator. A cross-sectional online survey collected data on sexual satisfaction and other variables related to sexual health and well-being among older gay men. Inclusion criteria included: aged 50 or older, identified as gay, identified as male, assigned male at birth, and resided in the Midwestern region of the United States. Descriptive, bivariate, and mediation analyses were conducted. A complete mediation effect was found between internalized gay ageism and sexual satisfaction when mediated by body image. Older gay men who were in open relationships were more sexually satisfied than single/widowed older gay men. Future research should continue to explore internalized gay ageism, relationship status, body image, and sexual satisfaction among older gay men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Prieto
- Department of Social Work, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Deirdre A Shires
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuan Xiong
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Murphy DJ, Mackenzie CS, Porter MM, Chipperfield JG. Reimagine Aging: A Process-Based Intervention to Decrease Internalized Ageism. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38777745 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2355539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to ageism may be internalized in older adults, and this can have severe consequences. However, little research has addressed reducing internalized ageism. Thus, Reimagine Aging, a 6-week process-based intervention to reduce internalized ageism, was designed and implemented, using education, acceptance and commitment therapy, and attributional retraining to target theoretically based mechanisms of change. METHODS Seventy-two older adults (M = 70.4 years, SD = 6.4 years) participated in Reimagine Aging, consented to participate in this robust single-sample pilot study, and provided valid data. Participants completed questionnaires prior to, immediately following, and 2 months after the intervention. RESULTS Participants' self-perceptions of aging (η p 2 =0.37, p < .001) and perceptions of older adults (η p 2 =0.27, p < .001) became significantly more positive, associated with large effect sizes. Furthermore, these positive gains were mediated by increases in psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and perceived control. DISCUSSION This study provides initial support for this process-based intervention targeting a reduction of internalized ageism. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This program has the potential to reduce the negative impact internalized ageism has on the health of older adults. Furthermore, it provides novel insights into intervention targets and tools that may be useful in achieving this reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas J Murphy
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Corey S Mackenzie
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Judith G Chipperfield
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gouttefarde P, Gay E, Guyot J, Kamdem O, Socpa A, Tchundem G, Dupré C, Nkenfou C, Bongue B, Barth N, Adam S. The shifts in intergenerational relations in Cameroon and their potential impact on the health of older adults. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014678. [PMID: 38754898 PMCID: PMC11097879 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Africa is experiencing a gradual demographic shift due to rising life expectancy and increasing urbanisation. In sub-Saharan Africa, elderly individuals typically reside with their children. The rise in life expectancy by almost a decade and the prevalence of precarious living conditions raise concerns about the sustainability of the healthcare system, which has traditionally relied on intergenerational solidarity. METHODS The research aims to analyse the evolving role of older adults in Cameroonian society and to examine the potential impact of this change on intergenerational relationships and the health of older adults. A qualitative methodology was employed, using intergenerational focus groups in Cameroon. RESULTS Traditionally, older adults held a central role in knowledge transmission through discourse. However, the modernisation of society is challenging this position.The emergence of new technologies, particularly communication tools, is leading to a questioning of older adults' experiential knowledge. Societal changes are contributing to a decline in respect for older adults in discourse. Older adults deplore these societal changes and fear for their place in society while young people are questioning the central role of older people in society. DISCUSSION These changes could reduce the sense of usefulness of older people, with negative consequences for their health. Several studies have highlighted the impacts of ageism on the health of older adults in industrialised countries. However, there are little data on the impact of the marginalisation of older adults on their health in industrialising societies. Further research is needed to study the impact on the health of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gouttefarde
- INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, DVH, Lyon University, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Gérontopôle Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elsa Gay
- Gérontopôle Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France
- Jean Monnet University, PRESAGE Institut, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jessica Guyot
- INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, DVH, Lyon University, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Jean Monnet University, PRESAGE Institut, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Odette Kamdem
- INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, DVH, Lyon University, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Jean Monnet University, PRESAGE Institut, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Antoine Socpa
- Anthropology department, Center for Applied Social Sciences Research and Training, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Guylène Tchundem
- Cameroonian Laboratory for Studies and Research on Contemporary Societies; Center for Applied Social Sciences Research and Training, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Caroline Dupré
- INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, DVH, Lyon University, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Jean Monnet University, PRESAGE Institut, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Céline Nkenfou
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International reference centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bienvenu Bongue
- INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, DVH, Lyon University, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Jean Monnet University, PRESAGE Institut, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nathalie Barth
- INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, DVH, Lyon University, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Gérontopôle Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Adam
- Psychology of Senescence Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rasset P, Mange J, Augustinova M. What do we really know about age-related stereotypes and well-being of older adults? A commentary on the state of the art. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1358403. [PMID: 38807961 PMCID: PMC11130559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1358403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a considerable body of literature on harmful consequences of age-related stereotypes-including consequences on physical and mental health. However, this commentary critically argues that the current state of the art disregards consequences of these stereotypes specifically for the well-being of older adults (i.e., outcome that is not to be confounded with mental health). To this end, the content of age-related stereotypes and the mechanisms through which they operate on physical and mental health are first outlined. The commentary then focuses on the very scarce evidence documenting how and when the well-being of older adults (as assessed directly and not as inferred from other indicators) is influenced by self-directed stereotypes. After setting out possible ways well-being may be involved in the relationship between self-directed stereotypes and physical and mental health of older adults, the present commentary argues that a better understanding of well-being would benefit strategies targeting the reduction of age-related stereotypes. Overall, this commentary on the state of the art highlights that future research is still needed to better understand both the direct and indirect relationships between age-related stereotypes and well-being that is not reducible to positive experiences of life (or hedonic well-being) but also comprises an eudaimonic component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rasset
- Univ Rennes, Université Rennes 2, LP3C (Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication)-UR1285, Rennes, France
| | - Jessica Mange
- Laboratoire de Psychologie de Caen Normandie (LPCN UR7452), Psychology Department, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Maria Augustinova
- Centre de Recherche sur les Fonctionnements et Dysfonctionnements Psychologiques (CRFDP UR7475), Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oliveira J, Nienaber B, Bissinger J, Gilodi A, Richard C, Albert I. Double transition of young migrants in Luxembourg: vulnerable, resilient and empowering integration trajectories in the period of youth. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1230567. [PMID: 38799208 PMCID: PMC11119283 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1230567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Migrant integration trajectories have become more complex, open, uncertain, and continuously changing, over time. For young migrants, their integration endeavour intersects with their process of transition to adulthood, a double transition that poses additional challenges. Recent theoretical perspectives such as "liquid integration" aim at focusing on the dynamic, processual, and temporal nature of migrant integration. The present article focuses on the dynamic interplay of obstacles and enablers that, over time, interact to construct complex, often non-linear, and open-ended integration and coming of age trajectories of young migrants (aged from 18 to 30 years) coming from outside the European Union (EU) to EU countries. Empirical results from the H2020 MIMY (Empowerment through liquid Integration of Migrant Youth in vulnerable conditions) research project in Luxembourg will be presented. In order to address the goal of the research, qualitative data were gathered by means of N = 38 interviews with young migrants with different migratory paths, characteristics and experiences, and specifically included: young migrants from non-EU Portuguese-speaking countries (N = 16), refugees living in reception centres (N = 15), migrants who since arriving in Luxembourg have become publicly visible (N = 7). Content analysis of the interviews allowed a twofold purpose: (1) capturing the unfolding of intersectional integration obstacles that over time play a decisive role in the building of conditions of vulnerability of the double transition under analysis; (2) capturing the multidimensional resources that interactively build up to give rise to resilient and empowering integration and coming of age experiences. The identification of decisive multidimensional obstacles and resources present in the integration endeavour during the process of coming of age allowed us to capture differentiated routes of vulnerability, on the one hand, and resilience/ empowerment on the other. Key ingredients of both vulnerable and more resilient and empowering integration and coming of age trajectories are identified as well as their relational dynamics, enabling to address key challenges for the resilience and empowerment of young migrants in the process of negotiating their transition to adulthood amidst their integration challenges in the Luxembourgish society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Oliveira
- Department DGEO, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Birte Nienaber
- Department DGEO, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jutta Bissinger
- Department DGEO, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Amalia Gilodi
- Department DBCS, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Isabelle Albert
- Department DBCS, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hajek A, König HH. Perceived ageism and psychosocial outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:69. [PMID: 38730448 PMCID: PMC11088088 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of the existing knowledge gap in this research area (particularly based on representative samples and research conducted during the pandemic), the objective of this study was to explore the association between perceived ageism and psychosocial outcomes (i.e., in terms of life satisfaction, loneliness, social isolation, aging satisfaction and depressive symptoms) among middle-aged and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic based on nationally representative data. METHODS We used data from the nationally representative German Ageing Survey, which covers community-dwelling middle-aged and older individuals aged 40 years or over. Specifically, wave 7 of the German Ageing Survey (conducted from November 2020 to March 2021) was analyzed, consisting of a sample of 4,167 individuals with an average age of 68.7 years (SD: 10.1 years; ranging from 46 to 98 years). Established instruments were employed to measure psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS Regressions showed that the presence of perceived ageism was significantly associated with unfavorable psychometric outcomes (i.e., higher loneliness: β = 0.29, p < 0.001; higher perceived social isolation: β = 0.32, p < 0.001; more depressive symptoms: β = 2.68, p < 0.001; lower life satisfaction: β=-0.28, p < 0.001; higher negative affect: β = 0.21, p < 0.001; lower aging satisfaction: β=-0.19, p < 0.001), except for positive affect (β=-0.06, p = 0.10). Stratified by age group (i.e., individuals 40 to 64 years; individuals aged 65 years and over, see Tables 3 and 4), comparable results were obtained in terms of significance. CONCLUSIONS Perceived ageism was associated with unfavorable psychosocial outcomes. This knowledge can help reduce vulnerability to negative psychosocial factors in people in the middle and later years of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
von Humboldt S, Costa A, Ilyas N, Leal I. Older adults, perceived ageism, civic participation and mental health: a qualitative study. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38709682 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2348611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study has three objectives: A) To investigate the relationship of ageism on older adults' civic activities; B) To analyze the influence of ageism on mental health; and C) To explore the impact of civic participation on older adults' mental health. METHOD This qualitative study included 782 older people from three different nationalities (Portuguese, Brazilian, and English) ranging in age from 65 to 88. All the interviews went through the process of content analysis. RESULTS For the first objective, the findings encompass one high-level theme (Social and individual incompetence), which included social rejection (86%), reduced competence (84%), expectations of failure (83%), and not being able to contribute (77%). For the second objective, findings indicated two overarching categories: Perceived inability, including frustration and impotence (89%), incompetence (77%) and irrelevance (71%); and Perceived distress, including anger (81%), feelings of anxiety (68%); and emotional bursts (63%). For the third objective, the following two high-level themes emerged: Ego-oriented resources, which comprised the development of a sense of purpose (81%), learning cognitive skills (71%), and (A3) practising sense of agency (67%); and Social-oriented resources, encompassing feeling socially integrated (80%); and expressing emotionally (54%). Findings indicated that the most verbalized themes for the three objectives were the same across the three nationalities. CONCLUSIONS Ageism made it difficult for people to participate in civic life, which has been linked to better mental health. These findings emphasize the need to encourage inclusive civic involvement to improve older individuals' mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia von Humboldt
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Costa
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Namrah Ilyas
- Center for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Isabel Leal
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Okun S, Ayalon L. Political activism and wellbeing among older adults in Israel. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:801-811. [PMID: 38279203 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2299959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aging process is characterized by encountering challenging situations and losses that may influence the subjective wellbeing of older adults. This study investigates the influence of the political-social crisis that unfolded in Israel in 2023 on the wellbeing of senior citizens. Additionally, it explores whether their participation in protests has contributed to their wellbeing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted interviews with 30 older adults who were actively engaged in the protest movement against the judicial overhaul. Our sampling approach was designed to encompass a diverse range of factors, including various age groups beyond 65 years, prior involvement in protest activities, geographical distribution, religious involvement, professional backgrounds, and differing political viewpoints. RESULTS Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three key findings: (1) The participants reported feeling fear and anxiety due to the conflict, leading to a decrease in their wellbeing. (2) Participating in protests uplifted their spirits and provided social support, resulting in improved emotional and social wellbeing. (3) When asked about their perception of the crisis in the future, the participants expressed mixed views: Some were cautiously optimistic and others profoundly pessimistic, while the sentiments of some participants fluctuated. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This qualitative study indicates the negative impact of political-social crisis on older adults' wellbeing, as well as the limited contribution of political activism to its improvement. Equally important, the research highlights the need for stakeholders in aging and gerontology to prioritize promoting older adults' mental health regularly and during political crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Okun
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liat Ayalon
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Çiftci N, Yildiz M, Durmuş M, Çoban M. The relationship between fear of old age, loneliness and death anxiety in adults. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:627-636. [PMID: 38469620 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the number of elderly people in the world, individuals' perspectives on older adults, and false beliefs and ideas about old age negatively affect adults in terms of ageing. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of old age, loneliness and death anxiety in adults. METHOD This study, which was designed in a correlational cross-sectional descriptive model, was conducted with 1074 adult individuals living in one province in eastern Turkey. Data were collected using Personal Information Form, Fear of Old Age Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale and Turkish Death Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, AMOS 24.0, G*Power 3.1 statistical package programs. RESULTS In our study, it was determined that the model created in line with the hypotheses was compatible and the model fit indices were within the desired limits as χ2/df = 4.737, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, comparative fit index = 0.93, goodness-of-fit index = 0.92, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.90, IFI = 0.93. There is a significant relationship between loneliness and death anxiety (P < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between loneliness and fear of old age (P < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between death anxiety and fear of old age (P < 0.05). It was determined that death anxiety has a mediating role in the effect of loneliness on fear of old age (95% confidence interval: 0.112-0.226; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION As the level of loneliness increases, the level of death anxiety and fear of old age increases. Fear of old age also increases in the mediating role of death anxiety. It is recommended to conduct intervention studies to reduce fear of old age. Longitudinal study on fear of old age is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Necmettin Çiftci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Metin Yildiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durmuş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Gerontology, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Çoban
- Health Services Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Che SL, Lei WI, Hung T, Leong SM. Attitudes to ageing mediates the relationship between perception of age-friendly city and life satisfaction among middle-aged and older people in Macao: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:362. [PMID: 38654157 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Societal attitudes toward ageing play a significant role in shaping one's ageing experience, and an age-friendly environment can potentially enhance the life satisfaction of older individuals. The objective of this study is to examine the role of attitudes to ageing as mediators in the association between the perception of an age-friendly city and life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Using the tools of Age-Friendly City (AFC) criteria, Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ) to measure psychosocial loss, psychological growth, and physical change, and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to assess the level of life satisfaction among community-dwelling middle-aged and older people in Macao. Multiple mediation analysis was performed to test the mediation effect. RESULTS A total of 543 participants were included in this study. The average score of AFC was 4.25, the total scores of psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth were 24.06, 29.00, and 26.94 respectively. The total score of SWLS was 24.06. There was a partial mediation of attitudes to ageing in the relationship between perception of age-friendly city and life satisfaction. The mediation effect explained 56.1% of the total effect of AFC to life satisfaction. CONCLUSION The development of an age-friendly city can help improve the public's view on ageing, and thus improve their life satisfaction. It is important for government to consider the improvement of people's attitudes to ageing when developing policies regarding AFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sok Leng Che
- Nursing and Health Education Research Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Wai In Lei
- Nursing and Health Education Study Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Tan Hung
- Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Sok Man Leong
- Research Management & Development Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu X, Wang D, Gu C, Bao H, Luo Y. Perceived Ageism in Health Care: A Hybrid Concept Analysis. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241248297. [PMID: 38631909 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241248297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying perceived ageism is a critical step in eliminating ageism. This hybrid concept analysis aims to describe the concept of perceived ageism in health care. In the theoretical phase, a scoping review was conducted. In the field phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine community-dwelling older adults. In the final analytical phase, results from the theoretical phase were integrated with those from the fieldwork phase. The perceived ageism in health care includes four dimensions: self-internalization (self-denial, a sense of unease, and passivity of behavior in seeking health care), interpersonal interaction (perceived negative perceptions, neglected attitudes, and unfair care behaviors), organization system (perceived strangeness caused by unfamiliar technology, unsupportive environment, and inadequate resources), and procedure policy (perceived uniformity of healthcare process and lack of targeted practice policies). Research related to this concept has contributed to developing measurement tools for assessing perceived ageism in healthcare practice and subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- ShuangBei Community Health Service Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoying Bao
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Funk M, Lorenz T. Assessing age discrimination in workplaces: psychometric exploration of the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS-G). Front Psychol 2024; 15:1345923. [PMID: 38689726 PMCID: PMC11059957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1345923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary workplaces characterized by diverse age groups working collaboratively, the assessment of age discrimination as an interpersonal phenomenon has gained heightened significance. This study focuses on adapting and scrutinizing the psychometric properties of the German iteration of the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS-G). Comprehensive Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results affirm a robust fit for the unidimensional model. Convergent validity is established through correlations between WADS-G scores and related instruments, while discriminant validity is evidenced by its lack of association with extraversion. Noteworthy findings include a positive correlation with turnover intention and negative correlations with job satisfaction, occupational self-efficacy, and organizational affective commitment. Despite its merits, the predictive efficacy of the WADS-G is notably inferior when juxtaposed with the Workplace Incivility Scale. Its explanatory power for turnover intention is constrained when accounting for variables such as job satisfaction, work environment, neuroticism, and core self-evaluation. Although measurement invariance testing across gender groups reveals scalar to strict measurement invariance, the examination across age groups indicates metric invariance. However, Confirmatory Factor Analyses for the 18-30 and 50+ age groups, central to the research emphasis, reveal suboptimal model fit. These outcomes prompt a nuanced discussion on whether the WADS-G aptly captures age-discriminatory experiences across diverse age and gender cohorts among employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reyes-Ortiz CA, Robinson CC, Williams DR, Moncayo-Hernández BA, Ocampo-Chaparro JM, Cheung N, Campo-Arias A. Perceived Ageism is Associated With Recurrent Falling Among Older Colombian Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241242334. [PMID: 38557169 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241242334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Literature on the association between ageism and falling among older adults is limited. Using data from the nationwide cross-sectional SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia Survey in 2015 with 18,875 participants aged ≥60 years living in the communities, the study aims to evaluate the association between perceived ageism within the family, neighborhood, health services, and public services, and recurrent falling. Participants had a mean age of 69.2 ± 7.1; 56.1% were female. Recurrent falling prevalence was 15%, and experiencing any ageism was 10%. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed higher odds of recurrent falling for any ageism (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.61-2.02, p < .0001). High depressive symptoms mediated 10.1% of the association between any ageism and recurrent falling, followed by low instrumental activities of daily living (9.7%) and multimorbidity (9.3%). Current findings open new areas of gerontological research by expanding the risk factors for falling among older adults to include ageism perceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Reyes-Ortiz
- Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Crystall C Robinson
- Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Donna R Williams
- Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jose M Ocampo-Chaparro
- Geriatrics Program, Department of Family Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nicole Cheung
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
- Department of Science Education, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Caskie GIL, Canell AE, Bashian HM. Identifying Specific Gaps in Knowledge of Aging and Examining Its Relation to Biases Toward Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:437-445. [PMID: 38087808 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate aging knowledge is key to reducing ageist attitudes that impact older adult well-being. We first investigated how aging knowledge and negative and positive age-bias indirectly expressed via aging knowledge responses were related to an explicitly negative ageism measure. We then identified specific gaps in the aging knowledge of emerging adults and middle-aged adults. More negative ageism correlated with less aging knowledge overall and in psychological and social, but not biological, domains. Negative ageism correlated with negative age-bias, but not positive age-bias, expressed via aging knowledge responses. Knowledge of aging was poorest regarding social and psychological aspects of aging and best regarding biological aging. Middle-aged adults had slightly, but significantly, more accurate aging knowledge and less negative age-bias than emerging adults; positive age-bias did not differ by age-group. These results suggest that effectiveness of anti-ageism educational interventions may be enhanced if focused on improving knowledge of social and psychological aging.
Collapse
|
41
|
Cai Y, Ren X, Wang J, Hou Y, Zhang M, Chen O. Associations between self-perceptions of aging and social functioning in older adults: An analysis based on health and retirement study data. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105307. [PMID: 38176120 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-perception of aging (SPA) and social functioning are two important variables in the process of healthy aging, but the relationship between them is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between SPA and social functioning in older adults. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study utilizing data from the Health and Retirement Study. The sample comprised individuals aged 50 and above. Socio-demographic, psychosocial, and lifestyle information of study participants was systematically collected at baseline (2012 and 2014) and during follow-up four years later (2016 and 2018). SPA was measured using a scale assessing individuals' attitudes toward their aging process. Social functioning was evaluated through 22 questions, reflecting individuals' abilities to engage in and perform various roles and tasks in their daily lives. Multilevel modeling was employed to analyze the relationship between SPA and social functioning. Differences in social functioning changes among various SPA groups were assessed through the Generalized Estimating Equations methodology. RESULTS The study included 8,454 participants with an average age of 68.3 years (SD = 9.92). The multilevel model revealed a significant correlation between SPA and social functioning (β = 0.131; P < 0.001). This relationship persisted after adjusting the model (β = 0.088; P < 0.001). Generalized Estimating Equations indicated noteworthy differences in social functioning changes among distinct SPA groups (P = 0.034). DISCUSSION Positive SPA is associated with the healthy social functioning of older adults. Healthcare providers could target modifiable aspects of SPA to enhance the social function of older adults and promote successful aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cai
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Box142, No. 44 West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaohe Ren
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Box142, No. 44 West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Box142, No. 44 West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yue Hou
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Box142, No. 44 West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Box142, No. 44 West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Box142, No. 44 West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gao L, Laidlaw K, Wang D. A brief version of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire for older Chinese adults: development and psychometric evaluation. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:181. [PMID: 38561863 PMCID: PMC10986028 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive attitudes toward aging are considered essential for achieving psychological well-being in later life. However, there is currently a lack of a concise and comprehensive measurement tool specifically designed to assess attitudes toward aging among the elderly population in China. To address this gap, the present study aimed to develop a brief version of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire tailored to older Chinese individuals and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS Initially, a sample of community-dwelling older adults (Sample 1: n = 442, aged 60-88) was utilized to establish a new scale format. Subsequently, two convenience samples (Sample 2: n = 311, aged 60-90; Sample 3: n = 164, aged 60-89) were employed to evaluate the psychometric properties of this scale, including factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. RESULTS We selected 12 items from the original questionnaire to create the brief scale. The brief scale maintained the three-factor structure of the full-format version, encompassing psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth, and demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS This development process shortens the administration time of the questionnaire while avoiding excessive loss of information. The newly developed scale serves as a reliable and valid assessment tool for measuring attitudes toward aging among older Chinese individuals and is well-suited for implementation in large-scale surveys that utilize an extensive array of questionnaires. This tool can be applied to assessing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at eliminating ageism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Ken Laidlaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Dahua Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Velaithan V, Tan MM, Yu TF, Liem A, Teh PL, Su TT. The Association of Self-Perception of Aging and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad041. [PMID: 37029753 PMCID: PMC10943510 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Self-perception of aging is an important psychosocial factor that can influence quality of life in older age. This review aimed to synthesize findings on the association between self-perception of aging and quality of life among older adults aged 60 and above. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in 4 electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science). Studies conducted in English and including measures on the perception of aging and quality of life were included in this review. A total of 32 observational studies (21 cross-sectional, 8 longitudinal, 2 mixed-method, and 1 qualitative) met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes reported in the included studies were quality of life, physical health and functioning, psychological health, mental health, and general well-being. RESULTS Overall, 20 quantitative studies indicated a strong association between positive perception of aging and increased quality of life. Similarly, 9 quantitative studies demonstrated that negative perception of aging is associated with lower quality of life. Results of the mixed-method and qualitative studies indicated that older adults with higher morale and good physical capability had more positive perceptions of health. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that promoting a positive perception of aging and a self-care attitude would help to enhance older adults' quality of life and should be incorporated into future health promotions and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vithya Velaithan
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Min-Min Tan
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ting-Fai Yu
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Andrian Liem
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Lee Teh
- School of Business, Gerontechnology Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Knight RL, Chalabaev A, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Hudson J. Moving together: Increasing physical activity in older adults with an intergenerational technology-based intervention. A feasibility study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301279. [PMID: 38536850 PMCID: PMC10971589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence supports the role of physical activity and exercise in increasing longevity, decreasing morbidity and helping older adults maintain the highest quality of life attainable. However, the majority of older adults are not sufficiently physically active and interventions are needed to change their behaviors. Familial or intergenerational contact has been positively linked to health and well-being in older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to i) establish acceptability and test the functionality and useability of a novel technology-driven intergenerational intervention targeting physical activity and age stereotypes, and ii) identify any potential issues with recruitment and retention. Four familial dyads (adult ≥ 65 and child 7-11 years) engaged with the intervention. Working collaboratively during a four-week trial, they combined daily step-counts (acquired via any activity of their choice, using PA trackers) to complete a virtual walk route using online platform World Walking. Thematic analysis of three post-intervention focus groups (one older adult; one child; one additional parental cohort) identified eight subthemes: Engagement; Provision of a Positive Experience; Participant Stimuli; Generated Outcomes; Operationality; Limitations; Mediators; Facilitators, and Perceptions. Participants enjoyed and successfully engaged with the intervention; when designing behaviour change interventions for older adults, flexibility within pre-established routines, individual choice, and avoiding rigidly imposed structures, is important. Strategies to challenge negative perceptions of older adults' engagement with technology and PA should be integrated into recruitment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Knight
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- SENS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Hudson
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ng R, Indran N. Youth is Prized in Medicine, Old Age is Valued in Law: Analysis of Media Narratives Over 200 Years. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e45855. [PMID: 38530338 PMCID: PMC11005435 DOI: 10.2196/45855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first study to explore how age has influenced depictions of doctors and lawyers in the media over the course of 210 years, from 1810 to 2019. The media represents a significant platform for examining age stereotypes and possesses tremendous power to shape public opinion. Insights could be used to improve depictions of older professionals in the media. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand how age shapes the portrayals of doctors and lawyers. Specifically, it compares the difference in sentiments toward younger and older doctors as well as younger and older lawyers in the media over 210 years. METHODS Leveraging a 600-million-word corpus of American media publications spanning 210 years, we compiled top descriptors (N=478,452) of nouns related to youth × occupation (eg, younger doctor or physician) and old age × occupation (eg, older lawyer or attorney). These descriptors were selected using well-established criteria including co-occurrence frequency and context relevance, and were rated on a Likert scale from 1 (very negative) to 5 (very positive). Sentiment scores were generated for "doctor/physician," "young(er) doctor/physician," "old(er) doctor/physician," "lawyer/attorney," "young(er) lawyer/attorney," and "old(er) lawyer/attorney." The scores were calculated per decade for 21 decades from 1810 to 2019. Topic modeling was conducted on the descriptors of each occupation in both the 1800s and 1900s using latent Dirichlet allocation. RESULTS As hypothesized, the media placed a premium on youth in the medical profession, with portrayals of younger doctors becoming 10% more positive over 210 years, and those of older doctors becoming 1.4% more negative. Meanwhile, a premium was placed on old age in law. Positive portrayals of older lawyers increased by 22.6% over time, while those of younger lawyers experienced a 4.3% decrease. In the 1800s, narratives on younger doctors revolved around their participation in rural health care. In the 1900s, the focus shifted to their mastery of new medical technologies. There was no marked change in narratives surrounding older doctors from the 1800s to the 1900s, though less attention was paid to their skills in the 1900s. Narratives on younger lawyers in the 1800s referenced their limited experience. In the 1900s, there was more focus on courtroom affairs. In both the 1800s and 1900s, narratives on older lawyers emphasized their prestige, especially in the 1900s. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the occupation, one's age may either be seen as an asset or a liability. Efforts must be expended to ensure that older professionals are recognized for their wealth of knowledge and skills. Failing to capitalize on the merits of an older workforce could ultimately be a grave disservice not only to older adults but to society in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ng
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Indran
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mackenstadt D, Adams-Price C. Negative Aging Stereotypes: Fear of Dependency Impact on Anxiety and Depression in Middle and Older Adults, Examined by Gender. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024:914150241240125. [PMID: 38509832 DOI: 10.1177/00914150241240125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Negative stereotypes of aging, such as dependency, tend to paint a picture of older adults as frail or a burden on society. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the Fear of Dependency Scale and anxiety and depression, evaluating gender, age, and physical health as moderators. Findings suggest that age moderated the relationship between fear of dependency and depression and anxiety in women, with middle-aged women reporting the highest levels of depression and anxiety. Similarly, poor physical health in women with high fear of dependency was related to higher levels of depression and anxiety. Fear of dependency was related to higher levels of depression, but not anxiety in men. Age did not moderate the relationship between fear of dependency and mental health measures, but physical health did moderate the relationship. Men with poor perceived health and a high fear of dependency reported higher levels of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darby Mackenstadt
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Carolyn Adams-Price
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, Mississippi State, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ambrens M, Macniven R, Perram A, Andrews S, Hawley-Hague H, Razee H, Todd C, Valenzuela T, Delbaere K. How Perceptions of Aging Influence Physical Activity and Exercise in Older Age: Exploring the Behavior of People Aged 70+ Years Engaged in Fall Prevention Activities. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241238315. [PMID: 38475694 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241238315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
For older people, physical inactivity increases fall risk as well as other preventable health conditions. Despite the well-documented benefits of physical activity, uptake and adherence continue to challenge efforts aimed at increasing physical activity and reducing falls. Nested within a randomized controlled trial, this study reports on the factors influencing the physical activity behavior of people, aged between 70 and 90 years, engaged in StandingTall, a home-based balance exercise program proven to reduce falls in the community. The perception of aging, physical activity in older age, and the delivery of exercise were identified as major themes, with the perception of aging an overarching theme influencing both preferences for physical activity in older age and exercise delivery. Findings demonstrate the importance of considering the role of aging, the influence aging has on physical activity and exercise behavior, and how aging influences the delivery and design of exercise programs including falls prevention activities for older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Ambrens
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rona Macniven
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Perram
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Andrews
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Hawley-Hague
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Husna Razee
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Todd
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, The University of Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Trinidad Valenzuela
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lu A, Yu F, Tan X, Jin X, Wang X, Wu W. Association Between Self-Perception of Aging and Long-Term Mortality in Elderly Patients with Hypertension in Rural China: A Possible Beneficial Effect of Nut Intake. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:357-366. [PMID: 38464597 PMCID: PMC10921891 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s445378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous research has consistently shown that self-perception of aging (SPA) is an important predictor of health and longevity, while Chinese rural elderly patients with hypertension had poorer SPA. Whether it was associated with their mortality kept unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term mortality and analyze the association between SPA and this mortality in the specific context of rural elderly patients with hypertension. Patients and Methods This study is a longitudinal investigation of the mortality in elderly patients with hypertension in rural Suzhou, China. Sociodemographic and clinical data, SPA, and six-year mortality were investigated. We used binary logistic regression and subgroup analyses to assess the effect of SPA at baseline on six-year mortality. Results A total of 280 hypertensive patients aged 60 years and older participated in the study, of whom 21 died, with a six-year mortality rate of 7.5%. After controlling for covariates, the "Emotional representation" dimension (OR=2.824, 95% CI:1.034-7.712) in SPA remained a risk factor for death. In subgroup analyses of the group aged 75 years and older, high scores on the "Timeline cyclical" (OR=14.125, 95% CI: 1.258-158.593) and "Emotional representations" (OR=2.567, 95% CI:1.066-6.182) dimensions were associated with a higher risk of death, while weekly nut intake may have mitigated the negative SPA effect on mortality. Conclusion Poorer self-perception of aging was associated with a high risk of mortality in rural elderly patients with hypertension, while the habit of weekly nut intake might help reduce this risk in the group aged 75 years or older.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anping Lu
- Nursing Department, The First People’s Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, 215500, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyi Yu
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Tan
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Jin
- Nursing Department, The First People’s Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, 215500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Wu
- Nursing Department, The First People’s Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, 215500, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aminu AQ, Torrance N, Grant A, Kydd A. Is age discrimination a risk factor for frailty progression and frailty development among older adults? A prospective cohort analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 118:105282. [PMID: 38016353 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing global burden of frailty on healthcare resources, it is important to understand the modifiable risk factors of frailty. This study examined perceived age discrimination as a potential risk factor for frailty progression and frailty development among older adults. METHODS Prospective cohort study using data from Waves 5 to 9 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Data on perceived age discrimination was collected only in Wave 5 of ELSA and analysed as baseline data in this study. Frailty was defined using the Frailty Index (FI) scores (0 to 1), calculated using the multidimensional deficits (scores ≥ 0.25 were considered frail). Binomial generalised estimating equation models (GEE) were fitted in R studio using perceived age discrimination as the main predictor with age, gender, long-standing illness, cognition, subjective social status status (SSS) and psychological wellbeing as covariates. Odd ratios were reported with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total sample of 2,385 ELSA participants were included in the analysis. 55.8 % (n = 1312) were female, mean age 71.9 (SD ± 5.27) years and baseline frailty prevalence was 12.1 % (n = 288). Perceived age discrimination was reported by 38.4 % (n = 916) of the participants. Both frailty progression (OR 1.50, CI [1.26- 1.70]) and frailty development (OR 1.39, CI [1.14-1.62]) were significantly associated with perceived age discrimination in the fully adjusted models. Age (80+ years) (OR 3.72, CI [2.84-4.86]) and long-standing illness (OR 5.45, CI [4.43-6.67]) had the strongest association with respondents' frailty progression. CONCLUSION Perceived age discrimination significantly increased the risk of frailty progression and frailty development among ELSA participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abodunrin Quadri Aminu
- Older People and Frailty, NIHR Policy Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Nicola Torrance
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Paramedic Practice, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7QG, UK
| | - Aileen Grant
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Paramedic Practice, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7QG, UK
| | - Angela Kydd
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Paramedic Practice, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7QG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Steward A, Hasche L. Do Internalized Age Stereotypes Mediate the Relationship Between Volunteering and Self-Efficacy for Adults 50+ Years of Age? Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:135-158. [PMID: 37337649 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231183139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined whether internalized age stereotypes mediate the relationship between volunteering and self-efficacy for adults 50+ years of age. A convenience sample of volunteers (n = 173) residing in the United States of America Mountain West completed a 15-min, online survey. The independent variable was number of volunteer hours per week (mean = 6.44, SD = 5.50). The dependent variable was self-efficacy measured by five, four-point items from the general self-efficacy scale (α = .83; mean = 3.57, SD = .38). The indirect effects of five internalized positive and five negative age stereotypes were tested. Results indicate that increased internalized positive, but not negative, age stereotypes partially mediated the relationship between volunteer hours and self-efficacy. Although positive age stereotypes have long been considered a form of ageism, the findings suggest that internalized positive age stereotypes may function as a form of esteem to enhance psychosocial well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steward
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Leslie Hasche
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|