1
|
Snell K, Tarkkala H, Tupasela A. A solidarity paradox - welfare state data in global health data economy. Health (London) 2023; 27:664-680. [PMID: 34965751 PMCID: PMC10423432 DOI: 10.1177/13634593211069320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nordic welfare states have well institutionalised practises of gathering health and social wellbeing data from their citizens. The establishment of population registers coincided with the building of welfare state institutions and a social contract relying on solidarity. During the last decade, the significance of Nordic registers and health data has increased and they have become sources of economic value. Recent policies expect registers, health data and biobanks to attract international investments, making Nordic countries world-leaders in the global health data economy. In this article we question the conditions and boundaries of solidarity in the emerging data-driven health economy. We argue that the logics of welfare state and data-driven health economy create a paradox - the data economy is not possible without the welfare state data regime, but the logic of data-driven health economy contradicts the value bases of the welfare state data regime and therefore the justifications for data gathering and use become questionable. We develop the concept of solidarization to describe the process by which individuals are expected to behave in a solidaristic way to support data gathering and related policy processes. We demonstrate the solidarity paradox through a recent legislative and data infrastructure reform in Finland and discuss it in relation to academic literature on solidarity.
Collapse
|
2
|
Domaradzki J, Czekajewska J, Walkowiak D. To donate or not to donate? Future healthcare professionals' opinions on biobanking of human biological material for research purposes. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:53. [PMID: 37481540 PMCID: PMC10363302 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last few decades biobanks have been recognised as institutions that may revolutionise biomedical research and the development of personalised medicine. Poland, however, still lacks clear regulations regarding the running of biobanks and the conducting of biomedical research. While the awareness of the general public regarding biobanks is low, healthcare professions and medical students also lack basic knowledge regarding biobanks, and such ignorance may affect their support for biobanks. METHODS This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge and attitudes of future healthcare professionals towards the donation of human biological material for research purposes and is based on a sample of 865 Polish medical students at Poznań University of Medical Sciences. RESULTS This research has shown that the awareness of medical students' regarding biobanks is low. It has also shown that while the majority of future healthcare professionals enrolled in this study supported the idea of biobank research and declared themselves willing to donate, still many students felt ambivalent about the biobanking of human biological material for research purposes and expressed concerns over biobanking research. While the primarily motivation to participate in biobank research was the desire to help advance science and to develop innovative therapies, the most common reason for a refusal was the fear that the government, insurance companies or employers, might have access to the samples. Concerns over unethical use of samples and data safety were also prevalent. More than half of students opted for a study-specific model of consent and only a few opted for broad consent. CONCLUSIONS This research suggests that a lack of knowledge about biobanks, their role and activities may affect medical students' support for biobanks and their active participation in the collection and management of biospecimens for research purposes. Since in the future medical, nursing and pharmacy students will be involved in the collection, storage, testing and analysis of biospecimens from their patients, medical students in all professional fields should be trained regarding the concept, purposes and operational procedures of biobanks, as well as the ethical, legal and social implications of biobank research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Domaradzki
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7, St., Poznań, 60-806, Poland.
| | - Justyna Czekajewska
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7, St., Poznań, 60-806, Poland
| | - Dariusz Walkowiak
- Department of Organization and Management in Health Care, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van der Velden FJS, Lim E, Gills L, Broadey J, Hayes L, Roberts E, Courtney J, Ball J, Herberg J, Galassini R, Emonts M. Biobanking and consenting to research: a qualitative thematic analysis of young people's perspectives in the North East of England. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:47. [PMID: 37407992 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biobanking biospecimens and consent are common practice in paediatric research. We need to explore children and young people's (CYP) knowledge and perspectives around the use of and consent to biobanking. This will ensure meaningful informed consent can be obtained and improve current consent procedures. METHODS We designed a survey, in co-production with CYP, collecting demographic data, views on biobanking, and consent using three scenarios: 1) prospective consent, 2) deferred consent, and 3) reconsent and assent at age of capacity. The survey was disseminated via the Young Person's Advisory Group North England (YPAGne) and participating CYP's secondary schools. Data were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach by three independent reviewers (including CYP) to identify common themes. Data triangulation occurred independently by a fourth reviewer. RESULTS One hundred two CYP completed the survey. Most were between 16-18 years (63.7%, N = 65) and female (66.7%, N = 68). 72.3% had no prior knowledge of biobanking (N = 73). Acceptability of prospective consent for biobanking was high (91.2%, N = 93) with common themes: 'altruism', 'potential benefits outweigh individual risk', 'frugality', and '(in)convenience'. Deferred consent was also deemed acceptable in the large majority (84.3%, N = 86), with common themes: 'altruism', 'body integrity' and 'sample frugality'. 76.5% preferred to reconsent when cognitively mature enough to give assent (N = 78), even if parental consent was previously in place. 79.2% wanted to be informed if their biobanked biospecimen is reused (N = 80). CONCLUSION Prospective and deferred consent acceptability for biobanking is high among CYP in the UK. Altruism, frugality, body integrity, and privacy are the most important themes. Clear communication and justification are paramount to obtain consent. Any CYP with capacity should be part of the consenting procedure, if possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian J S van der Velden
- Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Allergy, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Lim
- Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Allergy, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- General Paediatrics, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lily Gills
- Young Person's Advisory Group North England, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jasmin Broadey
- The Great North Youth Forum, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Hayes
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eve Roberts
- General Paediatrics, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jack Courtney
- Young Person's Advisory Group North England, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joanne Ball
- Young Person's Advisory Group North England, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jethro Herberg
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Galassini
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marieke Emonts
- Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Allergy, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lensink MA, Jongsma KR, Boers SN, Bredenoord AL. Better governance starts with better words: why responsible human tissue research demands a change of language. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 36050689 PMCID: PMC9438266 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of precision medicine has led to an unprecedented focus on human biological material in biomedical research. In addition, rapid advances in stem cell technology, regenerative medicine and synthetic biology are leading to more complex human tissue structures and new applications with tremendous potential for medicine. While promising, these developments also raise several ethical and practical challenges which have been the subject of extensive academic debate. These debates have led to increasing calls for longitudinal governance arrangements between tissue providers and biobanks that go beyond the initial moment of obtaining consent, such as closer involvement of tissue providers in what happens to their tissue, and more active participatory approaches to the governance of biobanks. However, in spite of these calls, such measures are being adopted slowly in practice, and there remains a strong tendency to focus on the consent procedure as the tool for addressing the ethical challenges of contemporary biobanking. In this paper, we argue that one of the barriers to this transition is the dominant language pervading the field of human tissue research, in which the provision of tissue is phrased as a 'donation' or 'gift', and tissue providers are referred to as 'donors'. Because of the performative qualities of language, the effect of using 'donation' and 'donor' shapes a professional culture in which biobank participants are perceived as passive providers of tissue free from further considerations or entitlements. This hampers the kind of participatory approaches to governance that are deemed necessary to adequately address the ethical challenges currently faced in human tissue research. Rather than reinforcing this idea through language, we need to pave the way for the kind of participatory approaches to governance that are being extensively argued for by starting with the appropriate terminology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lensink
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin R Jongsma
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah N Boers
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neilan AM, Tyagi A, Tong Y, Farkas EJ, Burns MD, Fialkowski A, Park G, Hardcastle M, Gootkind E, Bassett IV, Shebl FM, Yonker LM. Pediatric biorepository participation during the COVID-19 pandemic: predictors of enrollment and biospecimen donation. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:130. [PMID: 35279115 PMCID: PMC8917327 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-level predictors of enrollment in pediatric biorepositories are poorly described. Especially in pandemic settings, understanding who is likely to enroll in a biorepository is critical to interpreting analyses conducted on biospecimens. We describe predictors of pediatric COVID-19 biorepository enrollment and biospecimen donation to identify gaps in COVID-19 research on pediatric biospecimens. Methods We compared data from enrollees and non-enrollees aged 0–25 years with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection who were approached for enrollment in the Massachusetts General Hospital pediatric COVID-19 biorepository between April 12, 2020, and May 28, 2020, from community or academic outpatient or inpatient settings. Demographic and clinical data at presentation to care were from automatic and manual chart extractions. Predictors of enrollment and biospecimen donation were assessed with Poisson regression models. Results Among 457 individuals approached, 214 (47%) enrolled in the biorepository. A COVID-19 epidemiologic risk factor was recorded for 53%, and 15% lived in a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined COVID-19 hotspot. Individuals living in a COVID-19 hotspot (relative risk (RR) 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–3.2]), with symptoms at presentation (RR 1.8 [95% CI: 1.2–2.7]), or admitted to hospital (RR 1.8 [95% CI: 1.2–2.8]) were more likely to enroll. Seventy-nine percent of enrollees donated any biospecimen, including 97 nasopharyngeal swabs, 119 oropharyngeal swabs, and 105 blood, 16 urine, and 16 stool specimens, respectively. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status based on zip code did not predict enrollment or biospecimen donation. Conclusions While fewer than half of individuals approached consented to participate in the pediatric biorepository, enrollment appeared to be representative of children affected by the pandemic. Living in a COVID-19 hotspot, symptoms at presentation to care and hospital admission predicted biorepository enrollment. Once enrolled, most individuals donated a biospecimen. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03185-6.
Collapse
|
6
|
Samuel G, Broekstra R, Gille F, Lucassen A. Public Trust and Trustworthiness in Biobanking: The Need for More Reflexivity. Biopreserv Biobank 2022; 20:291-296. [PMID: 35172119 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of public trust in biobanks are perceived to be a deterrent to participation and a threat to their sustainability. Acting in a "trustworthy" manner is seen to be one approach to ensuring public trust in biobanks. Striving to improve public trust in biobanks and prioritizing the need for institutional trustworthiness are both vital endeavors. However, there has been little discussion in the context of biobanking about the meaning of these two concepts, and the relationship between them. In this article, we argue that it is important to examine this, to ensure clarity around their meaning, as well as their relationship with each other as they apply to biobanking. We conclude by making a series of recommendations for biobanks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Samuel
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Reinder Broekstra
- Clinical Ethics and Law Southampton (CELS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Gille
- Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anneke Lucassen
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Clinical Ethics and Law Southampton (CELS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Argudo-Portal V, Domènech M. 'We came here to stay': Making biobanks worth maintaining in Spain. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2022; 44:328-344. [PMID: 34921566 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oscillation between the promise and the disappointment of biobanks as techno-scientific infrastructures for contemporary biomedical research is frequent in the literature. In this article, we analysed how the precariousness of biobanks is leading to shifts in the focus of biobanking in Spain, where there are calls for some practices to be rearticulated. Drawing upon fieldwork and interviews with biobankers, we looked at which practices are highlighted for change to make biobanks worth maintaining and keep them afloat. We analysed these practices to unpack the values biobankers deploy to make sense of biobanking and turn it into two worthiness criteria: social return and dynamism. These criteria are intertwined and revolve around ethically calibrating the accumulation and sharing practices, 'sharing but not too much'. The porosity of biobanking practices and legislation, not to mention over a decade of austerity measures make biobanks fragile scientific infrastructures in Spain. We examine how biobanking practices are shifting in Spain to stay in the precarious techno-scientific present while challenging assumptions on cryopreservation and preparedness. Our local account highlights the relevance of further inquiries on shifts in biobanking to attend to which kinds of biomedical research and knowledge might be coproduced by such infrastructural reconfigurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Argudo-Portal
- Barcelona Science and Technology Studies Group (STS-b), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Domènech
- Barcelona Science and Technology Studies Group (STS-b), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antonova N, Eritsyan K. It is not a big deal: a qualitative study of clinical biobank donation experience and motives. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:7. [PMID: 35090454 PMCID: PMC8800256 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of biobanking is directly linked to the willingness of people to donate their biological materials for research and storage. Ethical issues related to patient consent are an essential component of the current biobanking agenda. The majority of data available are focused on population-based biobanks in USA, Canada and Western Europe. The donation decision process and its ethical applications in clinical populations and populations in countries with other cultural contexts are very limited. This study aimed to evaluate the decision-making experience of the clinical biobank donors, as well as psychological and social motivators and deterrents of this decision and associated ethical risks. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two medical institutions, in St Petersburg (Russia), in 2016–2017, among 13 donors of a clinical biobank (pregnant women, cardiac patients, and patients with multiple sclerosis) and three donation organisers—medical specialists involved in recruiting donors for a clinical biobank. Analysis of interview data was based on qualitative content analysis. Results Donors of a clinical biobank express beliefs in the absence of risks associated with the donation. The primary motivators for donating to the biobank were: prosocial, indirect reciprocity (response to or anticipation of an act in kind by a third party), intrinsic motivation (to enhance their self-esteem and satisfying their curiosity about the donation process), and comparability with personal values. A high level of trust in biomedical research and the particular physician can contribute to a favourable decision. The overall decision-making process regarding the biobank donation could be described as quick and not based on a careful reading of informed consent documents. The integration of biobank donation decision-making in the process of medical care might prompt patient to donate to biobank without proper consideration. The specific type of therapeutic misconception—the presence of unrealistic hope that donation could provide a direct benefit for a third person in need was discovered. Conclusions Patients recruited to a clinical biobank in Russia have virtually no concerns as to the storage of their biomaterials. The donation decision is mainly motivated by prosocial attitudes and other factors that are similar to the motivating factors of blood donation. The fact of going through inpatient treatment and poor differentiation between donation for other people's benefit and for research purposes can make the process of obtaining consent more ethically problematic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12910-022-00743-6.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ochieng CA, Minion JT, Turner A, Blell M, Murtagh MJ. What does engagement mean to participants in longitudinal cohort studies? A qualitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:77. [PMID: 34167521 PMCID: PMC8223352 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement is important within cohort studies for a number of reasons. It is argued that engaging participants within the studies they are involved in may promote their recruitment and retention within the studies. Participant input can also improve study designs, make them more acceptable for uptake by participants and aid in contextualising research communication to participants. Ultimately it is also argued that engagement needs to provide an avenue for participants to feedback to the cohort study and that this is an ethical imperative. This study sought to explore the participants' experiences and thoughts of their engagement with their birth cohort study. METHODS Participants were recruited from the Children of the 90s (CO90s) study. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 participants. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and uploaded onto Nvivo software. They were then analysed via thematic analysis with a constant comparison technique. RESULTS Participants' experiences of their engagement with CO90s were broadly based on three aspects: communication they received from CO90s, experiences of ethical conduct from CO90s and receiving rewards from CO90s. The communication received from CO90s, ranged from newsletters explaining study findings and future studies, to more personal forms like annual greeting cards posted to each participant. Ethical conduct from CO90s mainly involved participants understanding that CO90s would keep their information confidential, that it was only involved in 'good' ethical research and their expectation that CO90s would always prioritise participant welfare. Some of the gifts participants said they received at CO90s included toys, shopping vouchers, results from clinical tests, and time off from school to attend data collection (Focus) days. Participants also described a temporality in their engagement with CO90s and the subsequent trust they had developed for the cohort study. CONCLUSION The experiences of engagement described by participants were theorized as being based on reciprocity which was sometimes overt and other times more nuanced. We further provide empirical evidence of participants' expectation for a reciprocal interaction with their cohort study while highlighting the trust that such an interaction fosters. Our study therefore provides key insights for other cohort studies on what participants value in their interactions with their cohort studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Ochieng
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Joel T. Minion
- Qualitative Research Lead, Health Technology Assessment Unit, Department of Community Health Sciences, O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Andrew Turner
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT UK
| | - Mwenza Blell
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, 18-20 Windsor Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HE UK
| | - Madeleine J. Murtagh
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Adam Smith Building, Bute Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RT UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oocyte Biobanks: Old Assumptions and New Challenges. BIOTECH 2021; 10:biotech10010004. [PMID: 35822776 PMCID: PMC9245479 DOI: 10.3390/biotech10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of fertility is a clinical issue that has been emerging considerably in recent decades, as the number of patients of childbearing age who risk becoming infertile for many reasons is increasing. The cryopreservation technique of oocytes has been developed for many years and nowadays constitutes a method of safe storage with impressive efficacy and high rates of successful thawing. The storage and use for research of oocytes taken for medical or non-medical can be carried out by both public and private structures, through egg sharing, voluntary egg donation and so-called “social freezing” for autologous use. This paper focuses on the oocyte bank as an emerging cryopreservation facility, in which a collaboration between public and private and the creation of a network of these biobanks can be useful in enhancing both their implementation and their functions. Good oocyte biobank practice would require that they be collected, stored, and used according to appropriate bioethical and bio-law criteria, collected and stored according to procedures that guarantee the best preservation of their structural components and a high level of safety, connected with appropriate procedures to protect the rights and privacy of the parties involved and associated with the results of the bio-molecular investigations that will be carried out gradually.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lensink MA, Boers SN, Jongsma KR, Carter SE, van der Ent CK, Bredenoord AL. Organoids for personalized treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: Professional perspectives on the ethics and governance of organoid biobanking. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:443-451. [PMID: 33303364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoid technology is emerging rapidly as a valuable tool for precision medicine, particularly in the field of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). However, biobank storage and use of patient-derived organoids raises specific ethical and practical challenges that demand sound governance. We examined the perspectives of professionals affiliated with CF or organoids on the ethical aspects of organoid biobanking for CF precision medicine. By conducting this study parallel to the process of innovation and development of organoid biobanking, its findings are valuable for the design of responsible governance frameworks. METHODS To identify relevant themes and attitudes we conducted 21 semi-structured qualitative interviews with professionals in the field of organoid technology, biobanking, or CF research and care. RESULTS We identified three key challenges, as well as the suggestions of professionals on how to address them: (1) The challenges associated with commercial involvement, trust, and ownership, (2) Navigating the blurring boundary between research and clinical care, (3) Appropriate approaches to the informed consent procedure. CONCLUSION Sound governance of organoid biobanks aimed at precision medicine requires coming to terms with the fact that its stakeholders no longer belong to separate domains. Responsible governance should be aimed at finding a sound, context-sensitive balance between integration of ongoing co-operation and mutual consideration of interests, and maintaining a feasible and sustainable research climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lensink
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarah N Boers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin R Jongsma
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarah E Carter
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nobile H, Borry P, Moldenhauer J, Bergmann MM. Return of Results in Population Studies: How Do Participants Perceive Them? Public Health Ethics 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/phe/phaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
As a cornerstone of public health, epidemiology has lately undergone substantial changes enabled by, among other factors, the use of biobank infrastructures. In biobank-related research, the return of results to participants constitutes an important and complex ethical question. In this study, we qualitatively investigated how individuals perceive the results returned following their participation in cohort studies with biobanks. In our semi-structured interviews with 31 participants of two such German studies, we observed that some participants overestimate the nature of the personal information they will receive from the study. Although this misestimation does not seem to jeopardize the validity of the consent provided at recruitment, it may still represent a threat for participants’ trust in research and thus their long-term commitment, crucial for such studies. We argue that such misestimation may have ethical consequences on the principles guiding the reflection on the return of results in biobank research, i.e. autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and reciprocity. We suggest that shifting from the idea of directly benefiting participants through the return of research results could help focusing on benefiting society as a whole, thereby increasing research trustworthiness of population-based studies using biobanks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Nobile
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute for Human Nutrition, and Centre of Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health, KU Leuven
| | - Pascal Borry
- Centre of Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health, KU Leuven
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mezinska S, Kaleja J, Mileiko I. Becoming and being a biobank donor: The role of relationships and ethics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242828. [PMID: 33227030 PMCID: PMC7682884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Relational aspects, such as involvement of donor's relatives or friends in the decision-making on participation in a research biobank, providing relatives' health data to researchers, or sharing research findings with relatives should be considered when reflecting on ethical aspects of research biobanks. The aim of this paper is to explore what the role of donor's relatives and friends is in the process of becoming and being a biobank donor and which ethical issues arise in this context. We performed qualitative analysis of 40 qualitative semi-structured interviews with biobank donors and researchers. The results show that relatedness to relatives or other types of close relationships played a significant role in the donors' motivation to be involved in a biobank, risk-benefit assessment, and decisions on sharing information on research and its results. Interviewees mentioned ethical issues in the context of sharing relatives' health-related data for research purposes and returning research findings that may affect their relatives. We conclude that the question of what information on family members may be shared with a biobank by research participants without informed consent of those relatives, and when family members become research subjects, lacks a clear answer and detailed guidelines, especially in the context of the introduction of the European Union's (EU) General Data Protection Regulation. Researchers in Latvia and EU face ethical questions and dilemmas about returning research results and incidental findings to donors' relatives, and donors need more information on sharing research results with relatives in the informed consent process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Mezinska
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jekaterina Kaleja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Mileiko
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Argudo-Portal V, Domènech M. The reconfiguration of biobanks in Europe under the BBMRI-ERIC framework: towards global sharing nodes? LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2020; 16:9. [PMID: 33000342 PMCID: PMC7528224 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-020-00105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Freezers with biospecimen deposits became biobanks and later were networked at the pan-European level in 2013 under the Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Research Infrastructure-European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC). Drawing on document analysis about the BBMRI-ERIC and multi-sited fieldwork with biobankers in Spain from a science and technology studies approach, we explore what biobanks are expected to do and become under the BBMRI-ERIC framework, and how infrastructural transitions promote particular transformations in biobanking practices. The primary purpose of biobanks in Europe is presented as being to become mediators in contemporary biomedical research (global sharing nodes) distribution, and distributed nodes of samples and their associated data. We argue that infrastructural transitions are complicated and heterogeneous, giving rise to unattended local concerns on adjusting their practices to fit into the BBMRI-ERIC framework, even for non-members, as the case of Spain illustrates, where "old practices" of collection and storage are questioned. In this article, we aim to encourage qualitative studies to explore the lags between pan-European policies and prospects, different contextual interpretations, and biobanking reconfigurations as an opportunity to explore what that lag is made of (e.g. tensions with "old practices," unresolved conflicts with the national agendas, reservations on a possible centralization of the biobanking practices by regional biobanks, lack of funding, etc.). Such research could enrich not only policy guidance, but also the understanding of technoscientific infrastructures' scalability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Argudo-Portal
- Barcelona Science and Technology Studies Group (STS-b). Department of Social Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Domènech
- Barcelona Science and Technology Studies Group (STS-b). Department of Social Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meagher KM, Curtis SH, Gamm KO, Sutton EJ, McCormick JB, Sharp RR. At a Moment's Notice: Community Advisory Board Perspectives on Biobank Communication to Supplement Broad Consent. Public Health Genomics 2020; 23:77-89. [PMID: 32396907 DOI: 10.1159/000507057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To address ethical concerns about the of future research authorization, biobanks employing a broad model of consent can design ongoing communication with contributors. Notifying contributors at the time of sample distribution provides one form of communication to supplement broad consent. However, little is known about how community-informed governance might anticipate contributor responses and inform communication efforts. OBJECTIVE We explored the attitudes of members of a three-site Community Advisory Board (CAB) network. CAB members responded to a hypothetical proposal for notifying biobank contributors at the time of sample distribution to researchers utilizing the biobank. METHODS We used regularly scheduled CAB meetings to facilitate 3 large-group and 6 small-group discussions. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content using descriptive thematic analysis. RESULTS The results challenged our expectation of general support for the proposed communications. While CAB members identified some advantages, they were concerned about several potential harms to biobank contributors and the biobank. The CABs understood biobank communication in terms of an ongoing relationship with the biobank and a personal contribution to research. CONCLUSION Our findings contribute to the emerging literature on community engagement in biobanking. Additional communication with biobank contributors can serve a variety of value-based objectives to supplement broad consent. Design of communication efforts by biobanks can be improved by CAB members' anticipation of the unintended consequences of additional contact with contributors. CAB members' holistic interpretation of communication efforts suggests that biobank leadership considers all communication options as part of a more comprehensive communications strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Meagher
- Mayo Clinic Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan H Curtis
- Mayo Clinic Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kylie O Gamm
- Mayo Clinic Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erica J Sutton
- Mayo Clinic Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer B McCormick
- Department of Humanities, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard R Sharp
- Mayo Clinic Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mamo N, Martin GM, Desira M, Ellul B, Ebejer JP. Dwarna: a blockchain solution for dynamic consent in biobanking. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:609-626. [PMID: 31844175 PMCID: PMC7170942 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic consent aims to empower research partners and facilitate active participation in the research process. Used within the context of biobanking, it gives individuals access to information and control to determine how and where their biospecimens and data should be used. We present Dwarna-a web portal for 'dynamic consent' that acts as a hub connecting the different stakeholders of the Malta Biobank: biobank managers, researchers, research partners, and the general public. The portal stores research partners' consent in a blockchain to create an immutable audit trail of research partners' consent changes. Dwarna's structure also presents a solution to the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation's right to erasure-a right that is seemingly incompatible with the blockchain model. Dwarna's transparent structure increases trustworthiness in the biobanking process by giving research partners more control over which research studies they participate in, by facilitating the withdrawal of consent and by making it possible to request that the biospecimen and associated data are destroyed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mamo
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Gillian M Martin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
- BBMRI-ERIC, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2/B/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Desira
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Bridget Ellul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Jean-Paul Ebejer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goisauf M, Martin G, Bentzen HB, Budin-Ljøsne I, Ursin L, Durnová A, Leitsalu L, Smith K, Casati S, Lavitrano M, Mascalzoni D, Boeckhout M, Mayrhofer MT. Data in question: A survey of European biobank professionals on ethical, legal and societal challenges of biobank research. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221496. [PMID: 31532777 PMCID: PMC6750647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobanks have evolved, and their governance procedures have undergone important transformations. Our paper examines this issue by focusing on the perspective of the professionals working in management or scientific roles in research-based biobanks, who have an important impact on shaping these transformations. In particular, it highlights that recent advances in molecular medicine and genomic research have raised a range of ethical, legal and societal implications (ELSI) related to biobank-based research, impacting directly on regulations and local practices of informed consent (IC), private-public partnerships (PPPs), and engagement of participants. In our study, we investigate the ways that these concerns influence biobanking practices and assess the level of satisfaction of the cross-national biobanking research communities with the ELSI related procedures that are currently in place. We conducted an online survey among biobankers and researchers to investigate secondary use of data, informing and/or re-contacting participants, sharing of data with third parties from industry, participant engagement, and collaboration with industrial partners. Findings highlight the need for a more inclusive and transparent biobanking practice where biobanks are seen in a more active role in providing information and communicating with participants; the need to improve the current IC procedures and the role of biobanks in sharing of samples and data with industry partners and different countries, and the need for practical, tangible and hands-on ethical and legal guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian Martin
- BBMRI-ERIC, Graz, Austria
- Department of Sociology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Heidi Beate Bentzen
- Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lars Ursin
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Durnová
- BBMRI-ERIC, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liis Leitsalu
- BBMRI-ERIC, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katharine Smith
- Centre for Health Policy, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Casati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano—Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Mascalzoni
- Department of Public Health, Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, University of Uppsala CRB, Uppsala, Sweden
- EURAC Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Boeckhout
- Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Public Attitudes toward Biobanking of Human Biological Material for Research Purposes: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122209. [PMID: 31234457 PMCID: PMC6617000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: During the past few decades there has been a growing interest on the part of many governments in the creation of biobanks. Nevertheless, this would be impossible without participation of many donors who offer samples of their biological material for scientific research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing research on social attitudes towards biobanking. Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted in the database of MEDLINE (PubMed). 61 papers were included in the analysis. The retrieved articles were assessed using a thematic analysis. Results: Eight main themes were identified: (1) public knowledge about biobanks, (2) public views on biobanking, (3) willingness to donate, (4) donors’ motivations, (5) perceived benefits and risks of biobanking, (6) preferred type of consent, (7) trust toward biobanks, and (8) demographic characteristics of potential donors. Conclusions: Although the public lacks knowledge about biobanking, many individuals declare willingness to donate. Their will is influenced by: their knowledge about biobanking, the type of donated tissue, research purpose, concerns over the safety of the data, preferred type of consent, and trust towards biobanks.
Collapse
|
19
|
Domaradzki, Pawlikowski. Public Attitudes toward Biobanking of Human Biological Material for Research Purposes: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:2209. [DOI: http:/doi:10.3390/ijerph16122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: During the past few decades there has been a growing interest on the part of many governments in the creation of biobanks. Nevertheless, this would be impossible without participation of many donors who offer samples of their biological material for scientific research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing research on social attitudes towards biobanking. Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted in the database of MEDLINE (PubMed). 61 papers were included in the analysis. The retrieved articles were assessed using a thematic analysis. Results: Eight main themes were identified: (1) public knowledge about biobanks, (2) public views on biobanking, (3) willingness to donate, (4) donors’ motivations, (5) perceived benefits and risks of biobanking, (6) preferred type of consent, (7) trust toward biobanks, and (8) demographic characteristics of potential donors. Conclusions: Although the public lacks knowledge about biobanking, many individuals declare willingness to donate. Their will is influenced by: their knowledge about biobanking, the type of donated tissue, research purpose, concerns over the safety of the data, preferred type of consent, and trust towards biobanks.
Collapse
|
20
|
Raivola V, Snell K, Helén I, Partanen J. Attitudes of blood donors to their sample and data donation for biobanking. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1659-1667. [PMID: 31147625 PMCID: PMC6871534 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern biomedical and genetic studies require large study cohorts; blood donors have been suggested to represent an appropriate group for recruiting healthy cohorts. The Blood Service Biobank (BSB) in Finland was recently established to recruit blood donors willing to give broad biobank consent. The aim of the present study is to understand how the blood bank context influences views on donating samples and health data. We organised 61 interviews and 10 group discussions with current and potential blood donors. Using qualitative content analysis, we identified three discussion frameworks that summarise the results. We found that frequent blood donors associated the voluntary act of donation with caring for patients. The blood donation experience was considered to accommodate biobank participation, but also allowed critical observations on the integration of research data collection into blood donation. Research participants identified an important difference between the blood bank and biobank contexts. In the biobank context, the focus shifts from donating blood to patients into donating personal and genetic data for research use. Blood donors’ anxiety over data use was balanced with their experience of the trustworthiness of the Blood Service. These experiences indicated that the new biobanking activity could be trusted to a familiar organisation. To build donors’ trust, biobanks should invest in their institutional reputation, donor experience and dialogue with donors. These findings can be applied to other institutions that are considering setting up biobanks with broad consent for personal data use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Raivola
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Snell
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Helén
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goisauf M, Durnová AP. From engaging publics to engaging knowledges: Enacting "appropriateness" in the Austrian biobank infrastructure. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:275-289. [PMID: 30324869 DOI: 10.1177/0963662518806451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While there is consensus on the essential importance of public engagement in further developments of biobanking, the related investigation of public views predominantly focused on the concerns expressed by the publics, and the concrete formats of public engagement, without delving into the ways these concerns are constituted. In this article, we summarize recent research on public engagement in order to describe the constitution of respective concerns as "engagement of knowledges." By shifting the focus of analysis from "publics" to "knowledges," we draw attention to the interaction dynamic through which citizens embed the new knowledge they receive during expert interactions into the stock of knowledge they already possess. Analyzing our recent investigation of public views on biobanking in the form of citizen-expert panels in the Austrian infrastructure of biobanks (BBMRI.at), we trace this dynamic through citizens' recurrent concerns that the research and consent practices related to biobanking should be "appropriate."
Collapse
|
22
|
Skovgaard LL, Wadmann S, Hoeyer K. A review of attitudes towards the reuse of health data among people in the European Union: The primacy of purpose and the common good. Health Policy 2019; 123:564-571. [PMID: 30961905 PMCID: PMC6558994 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies of attitudes towards reuse of health data mainly from the UK. Studies show lack of awareness of current usages of health data among people living in the EU. Studies report positive attitudes towards the sharing of health data. Concerns about commercial use of health data is expressed in the studies. Attitudes towards informed consent are inconsistent.
Health data are used for still more purposes, and policies are enacted to facilitate data reuse within the European Union. This literature synthesis explores attitudes among people living in the European Union towards the use of health data for purposes other than treatment. Our findings indicate that while a majority hold positive attitudes towards the use of health data for multiple purposes, the positive attitudes are typically conditional on the expectation that data will be used to further the common good. Concerns evolve around the commercialisation of data, data security and the use of data against the interests of the people providing the data. Studies of these issues are limited geographically as well as in scope. We therefore identify a need for cross-national exploration of attitudes among people living in the European Union to inform future policies in health data governance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea L Skovgaard
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Sarah Wadmann
- The Danish Center for Social Science Research, VIVE, Herluf Trolles Gade 11. 1052, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hoeyer
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kent J, Fannin M, Dowling S. Gender dynamics in the donation field: human tissue donation for research, therapy and feeding. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2019; 41:567-584. [PMID: 30105865 PMCID: PMC6446825 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines how gender dynamics shape human tissue donation for research and for human health. Drawing on research investigating the donation of different types of bodily tissues including blood, plasma, breastmilk, cord blood, foetal tissue and placentae we consider how and why women and men are viewed as different kinds of donors. We situate these donation practices within a broader understanding of gender difference to explain why any sociology of donation needs to take account of gender. In so doing we explore how tissue derived from the bodies of women acquires value in distinctive ways and for distinctive purposes and reasons. Within these gendered bioeconomies of donation, the supply and demand for tissue is structured by social understandings of maternity, parental responsibility, and risk, which in turn affect the experiences of donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kent
- Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Maria Fannin
- School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Sally Dowling
- Department of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boylan AR, Locock L, Machin L. From waste product to blood, brains and narratives: developing a pluralist sociology of contributions to health research. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2019; 41:585-600. [PMID: 29493796 PMCID: PMC6446731 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to examine the meaning of the concept of donation in health research. Drawing on a set of narrative interviews with people invited to donate biosamples for research and a range of other studies, we identify several conceptual themes that speak to the complexity of the current landscape of critical thinking about donation. These conceptual themes are: the language of 'donation'; a hierarchy of biosamples; alternative informational value; narratives as donation; coincidental donation, convenience and degree of invasiveness; and rights, consent and benefits of research participation. We call for a reconceptualisation of research donation to encompass not only the numerous types of sample readily classed as donations, but also other types of data and contributions, including narrative interviews, psychometric data, patient-reported outcome measures, record-linkage, and time and effort. We argue for the development of a pluralist sociology of research donations, and suggest that a 'sociology of research contributions' might better capture this complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Marie R. Boylan
- Health Experiences Research Group (HERG), Nuffield Department of Primary Care, Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Louise Locock
- Health Services Research UnitUniversity of AberdeenUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Suss PH, Ribeiro VST, Cieslinski J, Kraft L, Tuon FF. Experimental procedures for decontamination and microbiological testing in cardiovascular tissue banks. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:1286-1301. [PMID: 30614255 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218820515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Sterility testing is a critical issue in the recovery, processing, and release of tissue allografts. Contaminated allografts are often discarded, increasing costs, and reducing tissue stocks. Given these concerns, it is important to determine the most effective methodology for sterility testing. This work provides an overview of microbiological methods for sampling and culturing donor grafts for cardiovascular tissue banking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hansen Suss
- 1 Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro
- 1 Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Juliette Cieslinski
- 1 Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Letícia Kraft
- 1 Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- 1 Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil.,2 Human Tissue Bank, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yip S, Fleming J, Shepherd HL, Walczak A, Clark J, Butow P. "As Long as You Ask": A Qualitative Study of Biobanking Consent-Oncology Patients' and Health Care Professionals' Attitudes, Motivations, and Experiences-the B-PPAE Study. Oncologist 2018; 24:844-856. [PMID: 30413662 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consent to biobanking remains controversial, with little empirical data to guide policy and practice. This study aimed to explore the attitudes, motivations, and concerns of both oncology patients and health care professionals (HCPs) regarding biobanking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with oncology patients and HCPs purposively selected from five Australian hospitals. Patients were invited to give biobanking consent as part of a clinical trial and/or for future research were eligible. HCPs were eligible if involved in consenting patients to biobanking or to donate specimens to clinical trials. RESULTS Twenty-two patients participated, with head and neck (36%) and prostate (18%) the most common cancer diagnoses; all had consented to biobanking. Twenty-two HCPs participated, from across eight cancer streams and five disciplines. Themes identified were (a) biobanking is a "no brainer"; (b) altruism or scientific enquiry; (c) trust in clinicians, science, and institutions; (d) no consent-just do it; (e) respecting patient choice ("opt-out"); (f) respectful timing of the request; (g) need for emotional/family support; (h) context of the biobanking request matters; and (i) factors for biobanking success. DISCUSSION These findings reinforced previous findings regarding high public trust in, and support for, biobanking. An initial opt-in consent approach with the option of later opt-out was favored by patients to respect and recognize donor generosity, whereas HCPs preferred an upfront opt-out model. Factors impacting biobanking success included the context of the request for use in a trial or specific research question, pre-existing patient and HCP rapport, a local institution champion, and infrastructure. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Patients and health care professionals (HCPs) who experienced cancer biobanking consent were overwhelmingly supportive of biobanking. The motivations and approaches to seeking consent were largely mirrored between the groups. The findings of this study support the opt-in model of biobanking favored by patients; however, HCPs preferred an opt-out model. Both groups recognize the importance of making the request for biobanking at an appropriate time, preferably with emotional or family support, and respecting the timing of the request and privacy of the patient. Biobanking success can be promoted by hospital departments with a research focus by identifying an institutional biobanking champion and ensuring local infrastructure is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Yip
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Fleming
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Heather L Shepherd
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan Clark
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phyllis Butow
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cadigan RJ, Butterfield R, Rini C, Waltz M, Kuczynski KJ, Muessig K, Goddard KAB, Henderson GE. Online Education and e-Consent for GeneScreen, a Preventive Genomic Screening Study. Public Health Genomics 2017; 20:235-246. [PMID: 29069655 DOI: 10.1159/000481359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online study recruitment is increasingly popular, but we know little about the decision making that goes into joining studies in this manner. In GeneScreen, a genomic screening study that utilized online education and consent, we investigated participants' perceived ease when deciding to join and their understanding of key study features. METHODS Individuals were recruited via mailings that directed them to a website where they could learn more about GeneScreen, consent to participate, and complete a survey. RESULTS Participants found it easy to decide to join GeneScreen and had a good understanding of study features. Multiple regression analyses revealed that ease of deciding to join was related to confidence in one's genetic self-efficacy, limited concerns about genetic screening, trust in and lack of frustration using the website, and the ability to spend a limited time on the website. Understanding of study features was related to using the Internet more frequently and attaining more information about GeneScreen conditions. CONCLUSIONS The ease of deciding to join a genomic screening study and comprehension of its key features should be treated as different phenomena in research and practice. There is a need for a more nuanced understanding of how individuals respond to web-based consent information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Jean Cadigan
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Timmons S, Vezyridis P. Market-driven production of biospecimens and the role of NHS hospital-led biobanks. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2017; 39:1242-1257. [PMID: 28555937 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biobanks are vital for biospecimen production in research, despite the regulatory, recruitment and commercial difficulties they face. We conducted interviews with clinicians, researchers, volunteers who recruit biobank participants, regulators and NHS managers about the integration of a biobank into an NHS hospital. We show that medical waste collected for biomedical research acquires its socio-ethical and economic value from the level of integration (both technologically and organisationally) of the biobank into the NHS hospital. There is extensive investment in a range of intellectual and commercial relationships and labour among stakeholders involved in the production of biospecimens. It is not only the boundaries of research, clinical care and commercialisation of biospecimens that blur but also those of volunteerism and citizenship. Hospital-led biobanks provide an opportunity to study the intertwining of biomedical innovation and healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Timmons
- Centre for Health Innovation, Leadership and Learning, Nottingham University Business School, UK
| | - Paraskevas Vezyridis
- Centre for Health Innovation, Leadership and Learning, Nottingham University Business School, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Human biospecimens have played a crucial role in scientific and medical advances. Although the ethical and policy issues associated with biospecimen research have long been the subject of scholarly debate, the story of Henrietta Lacks, her family, and the creation of HeLa cells captured the attention of a much broader audience. The story has been a catalyst for policy change, including major regulatory changes proposed in the United States surrounding informed consent. These proposals are premised in part on public opinion data, necessitating a closer look at what such data tell us. The development of biospecimen policy should be informed by many considerations-one of which is public input, robustly gathered, on acceptable approaches that optimize shared interests, including access for all to the benefits of research. There is a need for consent approaches that are guided by realistic aspirations and a balanced view of autonomy within an expanded ethical framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beskow
- Program for Empirical Bioethics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27705;
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Locock L, Boylan AMR. Biosamples as gifts? How participants in biobanking projects talk about donation. Health Expect 2016; 19:805-16. [PMID: 26072951 PMCID: PMC5152721 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK, altruism has featured explicitly as an underpinning principle for biobanking. However, conceptualizing donation as altruistic downplays the role of reciprocity and personal or family benefit. OBJECTIVE To investigate how biosample donors talk about their donation and whether they regard samples as 'gifts'. METHODS In this qualitative study, 21 people, both healthy volunteers and people with health conditions, who had been invited to give biosamples took part in semi-structured narrative interviews. The data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. RESULTS The term 'gift' was considered appropriate by some, but it also evoked puzzlement, especially in relation to 'waste' material (e.g. urine or tumour samples). Whilst 'giving' or 'donating' were commonly mentioned, the noun 'gift' signified something more special and deliberate. Analysis suggested biosamples could be interpreted as gifts in several different ways, including unreserved gift; reciprocal gift; collective gift; unwanted/low-value gift; and gift as an exaggeration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although people describe a network of exchange consistent with anthropological understandings of gift relationships, lay (and biomedical) understandings of the term 'gift' may differ from anthropological definitions. For donors (and researchers), value is attached to the information derived from the sample, rather than the sample itself. Consequently, when asking people for biosamples, we should avoid using the term 'gift'. Acknowledging the value of participation and the information the sample holds may mean more to potential donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Locock
- Health Experiences Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne-Marie R Boylan
- Health Experiences Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nobile H, Bergmann MM, Moldenhauer J, Borry P. Participants' Accounts on Their Decision to Join a Cohort Study With an Attached Biobank: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study Within Two German Studies. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2016; 11:237-49. [PMID: 27381010 DOI: 10.1177/1556264616657463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reliable participation and sustained retention rates are crucial in longitudinal studies involving human subjects and biomaterials. Understanding the decision to enroll is an essential step to develop adequate strategies promoting long-term participation. Semi-structured interviews were implemented with newly recruited and long-term participants randomly drawn from two ongoing longitudinal studies with a biobank component in Germany. Iterative qualitative content analysis was applied to the transcribed interviews. Participants (n = 31) expressed their decision to enroll or remain in the study as the result of the complex interplay of individual factors, institutional cues, study-related features, and societal dynamics. Different forms of trust were identified as central within the elements used to explain participation and could be compared to Dibben, Morris, and Lean's dynamic model of interpersonal trust. Given these high levels of trust, an investigation of the morality of the trustful relationship at stake between participants and research(ers) is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Nobile
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany Center for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Pascal Borry
- Center for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dye T, Li D, Demment M, Groth S, Fernandez D, Dozier A, Chang J. Sociocultural variation in attitudes toward use of genetic information and participation in genetic research by race in the United States: implications for precision medicine. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2016; 23:782-6. [PMID: 26984047 PMCID: PMC4926739 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocv214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background “Precision medicine” (PM) requires
researchers to identify actionable genetic risks and for clinicians to interpret
genetic testing results to patients. Whether PM will equally benefit all
populations or exacerbate existing disparities is uncertain. Methods We ascertained attitudes toward genetic testing and genetic
research by race in the United States using the online Amazon mTurk US workforce
(n = 403 White; n = 56 African
American (AA)). Generalized linear models were used to test differences in
beliefs and preferences by race, adjusting for sociodemographics and prior
genetic experience. Results AA were less likely than White to believe that genetic tests
should be promoted or made available. Further, AA were less likely to want
genetic testing results or to participate in genetic research. Conclusions Important dimensions that underlay PM are not
universally accepted by all populations. Without clear attention to concerns, AA
communities may not equally benefit from the rapidly-emerging trend in
PM-centered research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Dye
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Margaret Demment
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susan Groth
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Diana Fernandez
- Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ann Dozier
- Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jack Chang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stephens N, Dimond R. Unexpected tissue and the biobank that closed: an exploration of value and the momentariness of bio-objectification processes. LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2015; 11:14. [PMID: 26630883 PMCID: PMC4668246 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-015-0032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Unanticipated situations can arise in biobanking. This paper empirically documents unexpected situations at the anonymous biobank 'Xbank'. Firstly, Xbank received an unexpected and significant quantity of tissue from the historical archive of a hospital network. Secondly, Xbank had its funding withdrawn before the designated end date for the grant, meaning the bank needed to either re-house or destroy its holdings. This paper articulates and uses the theoretical frameworks of bio-objectification and tissue economies to analyse the experiences of Xbank and draw out further implications of the potential precariousness of biobanking practice. The case study allows an inspection of how the value of tissue is configured and reconfigured as institutional contexts shift. We introduce the notion of momentariness as a way of grappling with the related temporariness and perpetualness of biobanking practice in both a theoretical and practical policy context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Stephens
- Department of Social Sciences, Media and Communications, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Rebecca Dimond
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 12 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Drawing from a critical sociology of knowledge perspective, we situate the production of genetic information within relevant political, financial, and professional contexts. We consider as well the broad range of social conditions that render genetic knowledge salient in clinical settings and for population health. This sociological analysis of genetic knowledge highlights how genetic knowledge flourishes and shapes social environments and how in turn environments select for particular forms of genetic knowledge. We examine the role of the laboratory, regulatory state, and social movements in the production of genetic knowledge and the clinic, family, and population health as critical sites where genetic knowledge becomes actionable.
Collapse
|
35
|
Stephens N, Dimond R. Closure of a human tissue biobank: individual, institutional, and field expectations during cycles of promise and disappointment. NEW GENETICS AND SOCIETY 2015; 34:417-436. [PMID: 26740793 PMCID: PMC4685593 DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2015.1107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biobanks are increasingly being established to act as mediators between patient-donors and researchers. In practice, some of these will close. This paper details the experiences of one such bank. We report interviews with the bank's staff and oversight group during the period when the bank ceased biobanking activity, reconfigured as a disseminator of best practice, before then closing altogether. The paper makes three distinct contributions: (i) to provide a detailed account of the establishment, operational challenges, and eventual closure of the bank, which makes clear the rapid turnover in a cycle of promise and disappointment; (ii) to explore this in terms of a novel analytical focus upon field, institutional, and individual expectations; and (iii) to use this typology to demonstrate how, even after the bank's closure, aspects of its work were reconfigured and reused in new contexts. This provides a unique empirical analysis of the under-reported issue of biobank closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Stephens
- Cesagene, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII, CardiffCF10 3WT, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rebecca Dimond
- Cesagene, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII, CardiffCF10 3WT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Teare HJA, Morrison M, Whitley EA, Kaye J. Towards 'Engagement 2.0': Insights from a study of dynamic consent with biobank participants. Digit Health 2015; 1:2055207615605644. [PMID: 29942545 PMCID: PMC6001239 DOI: 10.1177/2055207615605644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Web 2.0 technologies have enabled new methods of engagement, moving from static mono-directional sources of information to interactive user-led experiences. Use of Web 2.0 technologies for engagement is gaining momentum within the health sector however this is still in its infancy in biobanking research. This paper reports on findings from focus groups with biobank participants to gauge their views on a Web 2.0 dynamic consent interface. The findings from this study suggest that participants would welcome more interactive engagement with biobanks, and the opportunity to hear more about how their data and samples are being used in research. We propose that by adopting Web 2.0 tools for dynamic consent, we can move towards an 'Engagement 2.0' model whereby research participants have the opportunity for more interactive engagement with medical research, setting up a two-way communication channel between participants and researchers, for the benefit of both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet JA Teare
- HeLEX Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Harriet JA Teare, HeLEX Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Ewert House, Ewert Place, Summertown, Oxford OX2 7DD.
| | - Michael Morrison
- HeLEX Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Edgar A Whitley
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
| | - Jane Kaye
- HeLEX Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pillai U, Phillips K, Wilkins G, Baxter RC, Benn DE, Parker NR, Smith RC, Marsh DJ. Factors that may influence the willingness of cancer patients to consent for biobanking. Biopreserv Biobank 2015; 12:409-14. [PMID: 25496153 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broad or general consent given by cancer patients for their tissue, blood, and clinical information to be stored in institutional biorepositories is fundamental to enable future ethical translational cancer research. The decision to consent for biobanking will contribute to the development of advanced diagnostic and prognostic tests, as well as new therapies to improve patient outcomes. While the rate of patient participation in biobanking programs is generally reported as high worldwide, few studies have investigated factors that may influence this decision. Biobanking at our medical research institute, an associated public (government-run) university hospital, and private hospital has been established for over 20 years, with collection of certain tumor types embedded in the research culture of these institutions. In this study, we investigated factors that may influence a cancer patient's decision to give broad consent for biobanking of their specimens. METHODS Data on patient consent were collected over a 6-month period from both government and private hospitals associated with our medical research institute. Factors considered included gender, patient age at surgery, type of malignancy (breast, duodenal, cervical, endometrial, gastric, liver, esophageal, ovarian, pancreatic, pelvic, uterine, or vulval), type of institution where surgery was performed, and timing of consent. RESULTS Of 171 cancer patients, 159 (93%) gave broad consent for biobanking of their tissue and blood specimens for future cancer research projects receiving ethical and scientific approval. None of the factors analyzed was shown to influence a patient's decision to contribute biological specimens and clinical data to a biorepository for future medical research. CONCLUSION Biobanking for future ethically and scientifically approved research projects in an established institution is an initiative that receives strong support from patients undergoing cancer surgery, independent of factors including gender, age, type of tumor, type of institution where surgery was performed, or timing of consent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ussha Pillai
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Capps B. Defining Variables of Access to UK Biobank: The Public Interest and the Public Good. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5235/17579961.5.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Capps
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. I am grateful for the astute guidance of Roger Brownsword in the completion of the manuscript, and the insightful comments made by an anonymous reviewer. This paper builds on a body of work published as Benjamin Capps, Alastair V Campbell and Ruud ter Meulen, Access to the UK Biobank Resource: Concepts of the Public Interest and the Public Good (Ethics and Governance Council of UK Biobank/Wellcome Trust,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lipworth W, Kerridge I. Consent to Biobank Research: Facing Up to the Challenge of Globalization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2015; 15:58-59. [PMID: 26305758 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2015.1062179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
|
40
|
Wyld L, Smith S, Hawkins NJ, Long J, Ward RL. Introducing research initiatives into healthcare: what do doctors think? Biopreserv Biobank 2014; 12:91-8. [PMID: 24749875 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2013.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current national and international policies emphasize the need to develop research initiatives within our health care system. Institutional biobanking represents a modern, large-scale research initiative that is reliant upon the support of several aspects of the health care organization. This research project aims to explore doctors' views on the concept of institutional biobanking and to gain insight into the factors which impact the development of research initiatives within healthcare systems. METHODS Qualitative research study using semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted across two public teaching hospitals in Sydney, Australia where institutional biobanking was being introduced. Twenty-five participants were interviewed, of whom 21 were medical practitioners at the specialist trainee level or above in a specialty directly related to biobanking; four were key stakeholders responsible for the design and implementation of the biobanking initiative. RESULTS All participants strongly supported the concept of institutional biobanking. Participants highlighted the discordance between the doctors who work to establish the biobank (the contributors) and the researchers who use it (the consumers). Participants identified several barriers that limit the success of research initiatives in the hospital setting including: the 'resistance to change' culture; the difficulties in engaging health professionals in research initiatives; and the lack of incentives offered to doctors for their contribution. Doctors positively valued the opportunity to advise the implementation team, and felt that the initiative could benefit from their knowledge and expertise. CONCLUSION Successful integration of research initiatives into hospitals requires early collaboration between the implementing team and the health care professionals to produce a plan that is sensitive to the needs of the health professionals and tailored to the hospital setting. Research initiatives must consider incentives that encourage doctors to adopt operational responsibility for hospital research initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Wyld
- 1 Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ogbogu U, Burningham S, Ollenberger A, Calder K, Du L, El Emam K, Hyde-Lay R, Isasi R, Joly Y, Kerr I, Malin B, McDonald M, Penney S, Piat G, Roy DC, Sugarman J, Vercauteren S, Verhenneman G, West L, Caulfield T. Policy recommendations for addressing privacy challenges associated with cell-based research and interventions. BMC Med Ethics 2014; 15:7. [PMID: 24485220 PMCID: PMC3914710 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6939-15-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased use of human biological material for cell-based research and clinical interventions poses risks to the privacy of patients and donors, including the possibility of re-identification of individuals from anonymized cell lines and associated genetic data. These risks will increase as technologies and databases used for re-identification become affordable and more sophisticated. Policies that require ongoing linkage of cell lines to donors' clinical information for research and regulatory purposes, and existing practices that limit research participants' ability to control what is done with their genetic data, amplify the privacy concerns. DISCUSSION To date, the privacy issues associated with cell-based research and interventions have not received much attention in the academic and policymaking contexts. This paper, arising out of a multi-disciplinary workshop, aims to rectify this by outlining the issues, proposing novel governance strategies and policy recommendations, and identifying areas where further evidence is required to make sound policy decisions. The authors of this paper take the position that existing rules and norms can be reasonably extended to address privacy risks in this context without compromising emerging developments in the research environment, and that exceptions from such rules should be justified using a case-by-case approach. In developing new policies, the broader framework of regulations governing cell-based research and related areas must be taken into account, as well as the views of impacted groups, including scientists, research participants and the general public. SUMMARY This paper outlines deliberations at a policy development workshop focusing on privacy challenges associated with cell-based research and interventions. The paper provides an overview of these challenges, followed by a discussion of key themes and recommendations that emerged from discussions at the workshop. The paper concludes that privacy risks associated with cell-based research and interventions should be addressed through evidence-based policy reforms that account for both well-established legal and ethical norms and current knowledge about actual or anticipated harms. The authors also call for research studies that identify and address gaps in understanding of privacy risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubaka Ogbogu
- Faculties of Law and Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sarah Burningham
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Adam Ollenberger
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kathryn Calder
- cbcf Tumor Bank/Alberta Cancer Research Biorepository, Cross Cancer Institute, Rm 2312, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Li Du
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Khaled El Emam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, CPCR, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8 L1, Canada
| | - Robyn Hyde-Lay
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Rosario Isasi
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5206, Montreal H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5206, Montreal H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ian Kerr
- Faculties of Law and Medicine, Department of Philosophy and School of Information Studies, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa K1N 6 N5, Canada
| | - Bradley Malin
- Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville 37203, USA
| | - Michael McDonald
- W. Maurice Young Center for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven Penney
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
- Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Gayle Piat
- Cell and Tissue Innovative Research Centre, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Denis-Claude Roy
- Centre de recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 5415 L’Assomption blvd, Montreal Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Berman Institute of Bioethics and Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Suzanne Vercauteren
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Lori West
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
- Faculty of Law and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Melham K, Moraia LB, Mitchell C, Morrison M, Teare H, Kaye J. The evolution of withdrawal: negotiating research relationships in biobanking. LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2014; 10:16. [PMID: 26573981 PMCID: PMC4512976 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-014-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The right to withdraw from research, along with the necessity of adequately informed consent, is at the heart of the post-Nuremburg code of ethical safeguards in biomedical research on human participants. As biomedical research moves away from direct interventional studies towards research using networks of linked human tissue samples and data, however, questions arise about what withdrawal can and should mean in these new contexts. Some of the more expansive traditional understandings, such as the right to withdraw from a study 'at any time' are limited in practice by the nature of biobank- supported research, particularly where it makes possible widespread dissemination and ongoing reuse of data. It is time for a more nuanced, granular arrangement for withdrawal, appropriate to the ongoing relationships between participants and long-term biobanking enterprises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Melham
- Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | | | - Colin Mitchell
- Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Michael Morrison
- Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Harriet Teare
- Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Jane Kaye
- Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lipworth W, Taylor N, Braithwaite J. Can the theoretical domains framework account for the implementation of clinical quality interventions? BMC Health Serv Res 2013; 13:530. [PMID: 24359085 PMCID: PMC3901331 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health care quality improvement movement is a complex enterprise. Implementing clinical quality initiatives requires attitude and behaviour change on the part of clinicians, but this has proven to be difficult. In an attempt to solve this kind of behavioural challenge, the theoretical domains framework (TDF) has been developed. The TDF consists of 14 domains from psychological and organisational theory said to influence behaviour change. No systematic research has been conducted into the ways in which clinical quality initiatives map on to the domains of the framework. We therefore conducted a qualitative mapping experiment to determine to what extent, and in what ways, the TDF is relevant to the implementation of clinical quality interventions. METHODS We conducted a thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature exploring clinicians' perceptions of various clinical quality interventions. We analysed and synthesised 50 studies in total, in five domains of clinical quality interventions: clinical quality interventions in general, structural interventions, audit-type interventions, interventions aimed at making practice more evidence-based, and risk management interventions. Data were analysed thematically, followed by synthesis of these themes into categories and concepts, which were then mapped to the domains of the TDF. RESULTS Our results suggest that the TDF is highly relevant to the implementation of clinical quality interventions. It can be used to map most, if not all, of the attitudinal and behavioural barriers and facilitators of uptake of clinical quality interventions. Each of these 14 domains appeared to be relevant to many different types of clinical quality interventions. One possible additional domain might relate to perceived trustworthiness of those instituting clinical quality interventions. CONCLUSIONS The TDF can be usefully applied to a wide range of clinical quality interventions. Because all 14 of the domains emerged as relevant, and we did not identify any obvious differences between different kinds of clinical quality interventions, our findings support an initially broad approach to identifying barriers and facilitators, followed by a "drilling down" to what is most contextually salient. In future, it may be possible to establish a model of clinical quality policy implementation using the TDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Lipworth
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, University of New South Wales, AGSM Building (L1), Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, University of New South Wales, AGSM Building (L1), Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, Yorkshire BD9 6RJ, England
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, University of New South Wales, AGSM Building (L1), Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tupasela A, Stephens N. The boom and bust cycle of biobanking - thinking through the life cycle of biobanks. Croat Med J 2013; 54:501-3. [PMID: 24170730 PMCID: PMC3816565 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaro Tupasela
- Aaro Tupasela, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen H, Gottweis H, Starkbaum J. Public Perceptions of Biobanks in China: A Focus Group Study. Biopreserv Biobank 2013; 11:267-71. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2013.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Chen
- College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing
| | - Herbert Gottweis
- Department of Political Science, Life-Science-Governance Research Platform, University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Sociology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johannes Starkbaum
- Department of Political Science, Life-Science-Governance Research Platform, University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Space, place and temporality in stem cell and cancer tissue banking: Mediating between patient-donors and biomedical research. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1057/sth.2012.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
47
|
Gaskell G, Gottweis H, Starkbaum J, Gerber MM, Broerse J, Gottweis U, Hobbs A, Helén I, Paschou M, Snell K, Soulier A. Publics and biobanks: Pan-European diversity and the challenge of responsible innovation. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:14-20. [PMID: 22669414 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article examines public perceptions of biobanks in Europe using a multi-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. It is shown that public support for biobanks in Europe is variable and dependent on a range of interconnected factors: people's engagement with biobanks; concerns about privacy and data security, and trust in the socio-political system, key actors and institutions involved in biobanks. We argue that the biobank community needs to acknowledge the impact of these factors if they are to successfully develop and integrate biobanks at a pan-European level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Gaskell
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Engaging African-Americans about biobanks and the return of research results. J Community Genet 2012; 3:275-83. [PMID: 22454259 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-012-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a deliberative engagement to assess attitudinal changes regarding biobank research, governance, and the return of results. We recruited African-Americans from two Southside Chicago health care facilities that serve communities of very different socioeconomic and educational backgrounds in order to examine similarities and differences within the African-American population. We used a mixed method, deliberative engagement process involving a convenience sample of parents recruited from a Federally Qualified Health Clinic (FQHC) [n = 23] and a university-based practice (UBP) [n = 22]. Four coding categories illustrate similarities and differences between participants from the two different practices: (1) reasons for and against participation; (2) trust and mistrust; (3) return of research results; and (4) religion. Overall, there was strong interest in receiving results, which was a main motivator for participation. While participants from both health care facilities expressed distrust of research, UBP participants also expressed trust in the research enterprise. FQHC participants more frequently mentioned religion. Studies about participation in biobanks often focus on participants' race as the sole significant variable, while our work supports the importance of other demographic factors. Medical researchers must move beyond research analyses that consider the African-American population to be monolithic and value the diversity within it.
Collapse
|