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Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yu H, Zhou Y, Li Q, Li X. The path of depression in rural children: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis across multiple provinces in China. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:237-245. [PMID: 39173922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores the combinations of conditional variables contributing to depressive symptoms in rural children. METHODS We analyzed data from 715 children from a rural mental health database, conducting detailed follow-up investigations on 129 children in Zhejiang and Henan provinces. We used fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and regression analysis to identify causal pathways leading to depression. RESULTS The results indicate that depression in rural children does not stem from a single, necessary condition but arises from multiple factors. Our findings highlight significant contributions from both maternal and paternal involvement. Specifically, maternal involvement, combined synergistically with peer support and problematic behaviors, as well as paternal involvement, together with peer support and anxiety, significantly affects depressive outcomes. Additionally, anxiety and strong peer relationships independently have a substantial impact on these outcomes. Effective mitigation strategies involve active parental engagement and robust peer support, reducing the influence of risk factors such as problematic behaviors and anxiety. LIMITATIONS The generalizability of the results is limited by cultural and geographical variations. The study also does not account for all potential factors influencing depression in rural children. CONCLUSION Depression in rural children results from multiple interacting factors. Tailored interventions addressing these specific combinations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Chen
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Linghui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Nursing, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
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2
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Yang M, Si S, Zhang K, Xi M, Zhang W. Bridging the relationship between physical exercise and mental health in adolescents based on network analysis. Psych J 2024; 13:835-848. [PMID: 38627203 PMCID: PMC11444729 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Although physical exercise has been recommended as a useful means of enhancing the mental health of adolescents, the exact mechanisms through which physical exercise plays a role are unclear. Both physical exercise and mental health are complex concepts with multiple facets, and traditional methods may constrain the manifestations of their mapping relationships. This research aimed to find the bridging connections between physical exercise and mental health. Mental health and physical exercise behaviors were assessed using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and the Adolescent Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A) in 9072 Chinese adolescents, respectively. Network analysis was utilized to construct the mental health-physical exercise network and to analyze the relationships between individual physical exercise behaviors and mental health symptoms. Core and bridging nodes were identified based on expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (BEI). Gender differences were also examined. The results revealed specific and distinct pathways between physical exercise and mental health (e.g., winter sports-obsessive-compulsive symptoms, winter sports-phobia). For both males and females, anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, ball sports, and evening activity were the most central symptoms/behaviors, reflecting their relative significance in their respective associations. The nodes with the highest BEI were obsessive-compulsive symptoms and physical education, showing negative associations with nodes in the other community. Furthermore, in the male group, somatization and winter sports stood out as the most positive bridge nodes. Conversely, in the female group, interpersonal sensitivity and sports games were the most positive bridge nodes. These findings illuminate the pathways linking physical exercise and mental health, supporting the implementation of physical exercise in a more elaborate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbi Yang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shubin Si
- School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi'an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Kechuang Zhang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Min Xi
- Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, The Key Laboratory of Neuro‐informatics and Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil AffairsXi'an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Weixia Zhang
- Department of Physical EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
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Wilson M, Lee H, Dall'Aglio L, Li X, Kumar A, Colvin MK, Smoller JW, Beardslee WR, Choi KW. Time Trends in Adolescent Diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder and Co-occurring Psychiatric Conditions in Electronic Health Records. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4925993. [PMID: 39372932 PMCID: PMC11451741 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4925993/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in youth and generally characterized by psychiatric comorbidities. Secular trends in co-occurring diagnoses remain unclear, especially in healthcare settings. Using large-scale electronic health records data from a major U.S. healthcare system, we examined the prevalence of MDD diagnoses and co-occurring psychiatric conditions during adolescence (12-18 years; N = 133,753) across four generations (birth years spanning 1985 to 2002) and by sex. Then using a phenome-wide association analysis, we explored which of 67 psychiatric conditions were associated with adolescent MDD diagnosis in earlier versus recent generations. Adolescent MDD diagnosis prevalence increased (8.9 to 11.4%) over time. Over 60% with an MDD diagnosis had co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, especially neurodevelopmental and anxiety disorders. Co-occurring diagnoses generally increased over time, especially for anxiety disorders (14 to 50%) and suicidal behaviors (6 to 23%), across both sexes. Eight comorbidities interacted with generation, showing stronger associations with MDD diagnosis in earlier (e.g., conduct disorder) versus more recent (e.g., suicidal ideation and behaviors) generations. The findings underscore the importance of assessing psychiatric complexity in adolescents diagnosed with MDD, applying transdiagnostic approaches to address co-occurring presentations, and further investigating potential causes for generational increases.
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4
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Sultan AA, Goldstein BI, Blanco C, Kennedy KG, Conway KP, He JP, Merikangas K. Correlates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder among adolescents with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01604-5. [PMID: 39299588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence regarding prevalence and correlates of cannabis use (CU) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) in adults, little is known about this topic among adolescents. METHODS Data is from the 2001-2004 National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement, an in-person, cross-sectional epidemiologic survey of mental disorders. Participants included adolescents, ages 13-18 years, with MDD (n = 354 with CU, n = 70 with CUD, n = 688 with no CU), BD (n = 79 with CU, n = 32 with CUD, n = 184 with no CU), or adolescents without mood disorders (n = 1413 with CU, n = 333 with CUD, n = 6970 with no CU). Analyses examined prevalence and correlates of CU and CUD within MDD and BD groups. RESULTS CU was most prevalent in adolescents with MDD followed by adolescents with BD then controls. CUD was most prevalent in adolescents with BD followed by adolescents with MDD then controls. In covariate-adjusted ordinal logistic regression models, within MDD and BD, CU and CUD groups had significantly higher odds of lifetime suicidal ideation/attempts, as well as other significant indicators of clinical severity. LIMITATIONS Based on changes in cannabis acceptance, potency, and availability in the two decades since this study was conducted, present findings may underestimate adverse cannabis associations. CONCLUSION CU and CUD are both associated with adverse clinical characteristics in a community-based sample of adolescents with MDD and BD. Evidence that risks of cannabis use extend across the spectrum of use is important for adolescents with MDD and BD, in whom cannabis-related consequences tend to be more severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A Sultan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin P Conway
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jian-Ping He
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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5
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Vilar A, Sánchez-Martínez N, Blasco MJ, Álvarez-Salazar S, Batlle Vila S, G Forero C. Content agreement of depressive symptomatology in children and adolescents: a review of eighteen self-report questionnaires. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2019-2033. [PMID: 35962831 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Identifying major depression in children and adolescents is more challenging than in adults. Questionnaires are often used for screening or guiding clinical assessment. Several instruments of different lengths are used as equivalent measures in diagnostic decisions. In this paper, we explore to what extent 18 commonly used depression scales for children and adolescents explore depression clinical symptoms as established by standard DSM-5 diagnosis criteria. We analyzed scale content adequacy by examining the overlap between scale contents and consensus clinical symptoms, the diagnostic time frame for active symptom assessment, and readability for the target age group. The 18 scales encompassed 52 distinct symptoms. These scales included just 50% of clinical symptoms required for diagnosis. The content overlap was low; on average, 29% of symptoms coincide across scales. Half of the scales did not use the standard period for active symptom appraisal, and some did not include a period for assessment. The reading levels on six scales were inappropriate for the scale's target population age group. The substantial heterogeneity in defining the depressive syndrome, the low overlap among scales, different periods of a positive diagnosis, and mismatch of reading competence for detecting may lead to heterogeneity in clinical diagnoses when using different scales. Improving the content of self-report in terms of homogeneity of diagnostic criteria would lead to better diagnostic decisions and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vilar
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria I Addiccions (INAD), Hospital de Dia Infanto Juvenil Litoral Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Néstor Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), C/Josep Trueta S/N (Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Blasco
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samantha Álvarez-Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), C/Josep Trueta S/N (Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Batlle Vila
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria I Addiccions (INAD), Direcció Procés Atenció Comunitària I Programes Especials. Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos G Forero
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), C/Josep Trueta S/N (Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zygouris NC. Differences in Children and Adolescents with Depression before and after a Remediation Program: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:660. [PMID: 39061401 PMCID: PMC11275103 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is clinically diagnosed when a defined constellation of symptoms manifests over a specific duration with notable severity. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by the presence of five or more symptoms persisting for at least two weeks. As a profound mental health condition affecting millions globally, depression presents a considerable challenge for researchers and clinicians alike. In pediatric and adolescent populations, depression can precipitate adverse outcomes, including substance abuse, academic difficulties, risky sexual behaviors, physical health problems, impaired social relationships, and a markedly elevated risk of suicide-up to thirty times higher than the general population. This paper details a study that evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) alone vs. CBT combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in a treatment program. The study cohort comprised sixteen (16) children and adolescents diagnosed with depression (eight males and eight females) and sixteen (16) typically developing peers (eight males and eight females) aged from 9 to 15 years (Mean age = 11.94, standard deviation = 2.02). Initial assessments employed Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and reaction time measurements. The results reveal that participants with depression exhibit cognitive deficits in attention and memory, as evidenced by prolonged P300 latencies. Following intervention with either CBT alone or CBT combined with medication, the depressed participants demonstrated significant improvements, evidenced by lower CDI scores, reduced P300 latencies, and faster reaction times, both compared to their pre-treatment status and relative to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos C Zygouris
- Digital Neuropsychological Assessment Laboratory, Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece
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7
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Pala ÖO, Çıtaker S, Güney E, Sepici A, Güveli GM, Arslan B, Gürü M. Effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative applications on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in youth with major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Osteopath Med 2024; 124:267-275. [PMID: 38414339 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteopathic treatments regulate the neurovegetative system through joint mobilizations and manipulations, and myofascial and craniosacral techniques. Despite the growing body of research, the precise impact of osteopathic medicine on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is not yet fully elucidated. As to Kuchera's techniques, the stimulation of the sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia contributed to harmonization of the sympathetic activity. However, potential relationships between the harmonization of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis largely remain uncertain and warrant further exploration. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the osteopathic sympathetic harmonization (OSH) on the SNS and the HPA axis in youth with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS The study included 39 youths aged 15-21 years and diagnosed with MDD. The participants were randomly assigned into either the OSH or the placebo group. Stimulation was performed on the sympathetic truncus and prevertebral ganglia in the OSH group. The stimulation of the placebo group was performed with a lighter touch and a shorter duration in similar areas. Each participant completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI and TAI) before the application. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse measurements were made, and saliva samples were taken before, immediately after, and 20 min after application. RESULTS The baseline BDI (p=0.617) and TAI (p=0.322) scores were similar in both groups. Although the SAI scores decreased in both groups postintervention, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Subjects who received OSH had a decrease in α-amylase level (p=0.028) and an increase in cortisol level (p=0.009) 20 min after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Following OSH application in depressed youth, SNS activity may decrease, whereas HPA axis activity may increase. Future studies may examine the therapeutic efficacy of repeated OSH applications in depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer O Pala
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, 52942 Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University , Bolu, Türkiye
| | - Seyit Çıtaker
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, 37511 Gazi University , Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Esra Güney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 64001 Gazi University , Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aylin Sepici
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 64001 Gazi University , Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Güner M Güveli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 64001 Gazi University , Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Burak Arslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 64001 Gazi University , Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Meltem Gürü
- Medico-Social Center, 37511 Gazi University , Ankara, Türkiye
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8
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Haider NUA, Zaman NI. Translation and validation of prolonged grief disorder (PG-13) scale in Urdu among bereaved adolescents with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:585-597. [PMID: 38445414 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to translate and validate the Prolonged Grief Disorder (PG-13) scale from English into Urdu language. This involved examining its psychometric properties, evaluating its factor structure and assessing both convergent and discriminant validity. The study was conducted within the cultural context of Pakistan and focused on the assessment of manifestations of grief, including symptoms of prolonged grief, in adolescents with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability (ID). The PG-13 scale was selected for this study due to its demonstrated accuracy in measuring prolonged grieving symptoms in bereaved population. METHOD A total of 140 adolescents, aged 10-19 years according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2018 criteria, were selected from 14 cities in Pakistan. These participants had lost loved ones within the time span of the last 4 years. The WHO (2018) guidelines for translation, adaptation, and validation were followed. RESULTS The findings suggest that the translated and validated PG-13 scale has adequate psychometric properties, with Cronbach alpha coefficient of .97. Confirmatory factor analysis supports a single-factor structure for the scale, with factor loadings ranging from .80 to .95. CONCLUSION The PG-13 Urdu version is a reliable and validated scale available for assessing grieving symptoms in the Pakistani context.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-U-A Haider
- Bahria School of Professional Psychology, Bahria University E-8 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - N I Zaman
- Bahria School of Professional Psychology, Bahria University E-8 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan
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9
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Askari MS, Belsky DW, Olfson M, Breslau J, Mojtabai R, Kajeepeta S, Bruzelius E, Keyes KM. An integrative literature review of birth cohort and time period trends in adolescent depression in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:899-915. [PMID: 37428192 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this literature review is to examine evidence of time trends and birth cohort effects in depressive disorders and symptoms among US adolescents in peer-reviewed articles from January 2004 to April 2022. METHODS We conducted an integrative systematic literature review. Three reviewers participated at different stages of article review. Of the 2234 articles identified in three databases (Pubmed, ProQuest Central, Ebscohost), 10 met inclusion criteria (i.e., adolescent aged United States populations, included information about birth cohort and survey year, focused on depressive symptoms/disorders). RESULTS All 10 articles observed increases in depressive symptoms and disorders in adolescents across recent survey years with increases observed between 1991 and 2020. Of the 3 articles that assessed birth cohort trends, birth cohort trends were less prominent than time period trends. Proposed explanations for increases included social media, economic-related reasons, changes in mental health screening and diagnosis, declining mental health stigma, increased treatment, and, in more recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Multiple cross-sectional surveys and cohort studies documented rising prevalence of depressive symptoms and disorder among adolescents from 1991 to 2020. Mechanisms driving this increase are still unknown. Research to identify these mechanisms is needed to inform depression screening and intervention efforts for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Askari
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark Olfson
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Breslau
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sandhya Kajeepeta
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emilie Bruzelius
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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10
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Huang L, Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhou M. Peer effects on rural children's depression: do online games matter? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1707-1720. [PMID: 37553541 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of depression among children and adolescents, understanding the role of peer contagion in the spread of emotional distress is a critical area of research. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of classmates' depression on a rural child's own depression in China (aged 9-17, N = 1777). The study controls for possible endogeneity of peer effects through the instrumental variable method (the Wald F statistic is significant at the 1% level) and random class assignment data (all students and teachers are randomly assigned to classes).The results indicate that when the average depression score of a rural child's classmates increases by 1 point, that child's own depression score is likely to increase by 0.345 points (p value < .01).This study further finds that the contagion of depression among classmates is more severe for girls and children who play online games, and less severe for children who are cheerful and good-humored. Online games may be an important mechanism through which peer effects operate. Children's classmates' negative emotions are found to increase the occurrence of the children's internalizing behavior in online games, in turn increasing the occurrence of negative emotions in these children themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinchuan Cao
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhai Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Nelson KM, Wilson S. Depressive disorders in children: recent prevalence and future directions. Evid Based Nurs 2024:ebnurs-2023-103932. [PMID: 38724092 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2023-103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Nelson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sylia Wilson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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12
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DadeMatthews A, Nzeakah C, Onofa L, DadeMatthews O, Ogundare T. Teenage Blues: Predictors of depression among adolescents in Nigeria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293995. [PMID: 38630744 PMCID: PMC11023510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders, with a prevalence of 15-21%, are among the most common disorders in children and adolescents, and increases the risk of suicide, the second leading cause of death in children aged 10 to 19. AIM To determine the prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders among senior students attending secondary schools in Abeokuta. METHOD The study was conducted in five schools randomly selected from a representative sample and was carried out in 2 phases. In the first phase, students were selected via systematic random sampling and given consent forms and GHQ-12 to administer to the parents. In the second phase, students who returned a signed informed consent form and filled out GHQ-12 were interviewed using MINI-KID, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Family-APGAR, and sociodemographic questionnaire. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted with p-value <0.05 as level of significance. RESULTS The mean age was 15.3 years (SD = 1.27); 48.8% were male. The twelve-month prevalence of major depression was 11.3% and dysthymia was 1.4%. In the final regression analysis, female gender [OR = 4.3, p = 0.046], the experience of bullying [OR = 7.96, p = 0.004], difficulty getting along with friends, [OR = 7.5, p = 0.004], history of sexual abuse [OR = 8.1, p = 0.01], and perceived family dysfunction [OR = 4.9, p = 0,023] were found to be independent predictors of depressive disorders. CONCLUSION Depressive syndromes are a significant health burden in adolescents. Being female, being bullied, having a history of sexual abuse, and family dysfunctionality are risk factors associated with depression among these population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adefunke DadeMatthews
- College of Human Sciences, Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka Nzeakah
- Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Kent & Medway All Age Eating Disorder Service, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Maidstone, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Lucky Onofa
- Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwagbemiga DadeMatthews
- School of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences and Education, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Temitope Ogundare
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kim KM, Lee KH, Kim H, Kim O, Kim JW. Symptom clusters in adolescent depression and differential responses of clusters to pharmacologic treatment. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:59-65. [PMID: 38364553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptoms of depression in adolescents are widely variable, but they are often interactive and clustered. The analysis of interactions and clusters among individual symptoms may help predict treatment outcomes. We aimed to determine clusters of individual symptoms in adolescent depression and their changes in the response to pharmacological treatment. METHOD A total of 95 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, with major depressive disorder were included. Participants were treated with escitalopram, and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline (V1) and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks (V6). The severity of depression was assessed using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. To construct network and clustering structures among symptoms, the Gaussian graphical model and Exploratory Graph Analysis with the tuning parameter to minimize the extended Bayesian information criterion were adopted. RESULTS Exploratory Graph Analysis revealed that symptoms of depression comprised four clusters: impaired activity, somatic concerns, subjective mood, and observed affect. The main effect of visit with decreased symptom severity was significant in all four clusters; however, the degree of symptom improvement differed among the four clusters. The effect size of score differences from V1 to V6 was the highest in the subjective mood (Cohen's d = 1.075), and lowest in impaired activity (d = 0.501) clusters. CONCLUSION The present study identified four symptom clusters associated with adolescent depression and their differential changes related to antidepressant treatment. This finding suggests that escitalopram was the most effective at improving subjective mood among different clusters. However, other therapeutic modalities may be needed to improve other clusters of symptoms, consequently leading to increased overall improvement of depression in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kim
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Benny C, Pietrosanu M, Lowe SAJ, Yamamoto SS, Kong L, McDonald S, Pabayo R. An investigation into the relationship between community engagement and maternal mental health in Calgary, Alberta using the All Our Families cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:695-704. [PMID: 37017657 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing literature shows that increased community engagement is associated with decreased depressive symptoms. To our knowledge, no existing studies have investigated the relationship between community engagement and adverse mental health among mothers in a Canadian context, nor has this relationship been studied over time. The current study aims to address these gaps by modelling the association between community engagement and anxiety and depression longitudinally using a cohort of prenatal and postnatal mothers living in Calgary, Alberta. METHODS We used data from the All our Families (AOF) study, a prospective cohort study of expectant and new mothers in Calgary, Alberta from 2008 to 2017 across seven timepoints. We used three-level latent growth curves to model the relationship between individual-level community engagement and maternal depression and anxiety scores, while adjusting for both individual and neighborhood-level characteristics. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 2129 mothers across 174 neighborhoods in Calgary. Adjusted latent growth curve models demonstrated that community engagement was associated with lower depression (b = - 0.28, 95% CI - 0.33, - 0.23) and anxiety (b = - 0.07, 95% CI - 0.12, - 0.02) scores among mothers over time. DISCUSSION Adjusted results show that community engagement has a protective effect against depression and anxiety amongst mothers. The results of this study are in line with existing evidence suggesting that social cohesion, civic participation, and community engagement are protective against adverse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Benny
- 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta School of Public Health, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Matthew Pietrosanu
- CAB 632, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G1, Canada
| | - Samuel A J Lowe
- 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta School of Public Health, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Shelby S Yamamoto
- 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta School of Public Health, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Linglong Kong
- CAB 632, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G1, Canada
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Child Development Centre 391, University of Calgary, 3820-24 Avenue NW, Calgary, AB, T2M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Roman Pabayo
- 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta School of Public Health, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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15
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Gimbrone C, Packard SE, Finsaas MC, Sprague NL, Jacobowitz A, Leventhal AM, Rundle AG, Keyes KM. Sex-Specific Depressive Symptom Trajectories Among Adolescents in Los Angeles County, 2013 to 2017. JAACAP OPEN 2024; 2:55-65. [PMID: 38469457 PMCID: PMC10927262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective After remaining stable for many years, the prevalence of depression among adolescents increased over the past decade, particularly among girls. In this study, we used longitudinal data from a cohort of high school students to characterize sex-specific trajectories of depressive symptoms during this period of increasing prevalence and widening gender gap in adolescent depression. Method Using data from the Health and Happiness Cohort, a longitudinal 8-wave study of high school students residing in Los Angeles County from 2013 to 2017 (N = 3,393), we conducted a multiple-group, latent class growth analysis by sex to differentiate developmental trajectories in depressive symptoms scores measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression (CES-D) scale (range, 0-60). Results A 4-class solution provided the best model fit for both girls and boys. Trajectories among girls included low stable (35.1%), mild stable (42.8%), moderate decreasing (16.2%), and high arching (5.9%). Trajectories among boys included low stable (49.2%), mild increasing (34.7%), moderate decreasing (12.2%), and high increasing (3.9%). Average scores consistently exceeded or crossed the threshold for probable depression (≥16). Across comparable sex-specific trajectory groups, the average CES-D scores of girls were higher than those of boys, whose average scores increased over time. Conclusion In a diverse cohort of students in Los Angeles County, depressive symptom trajectories were comparable to prior time periods but with a higher proportion of students in trajectories characterized by probable depression. Trajectories differed by sex, suggesting that future research should consider differential severity and onset of depression between boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gimbrone
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Samuel E Packard
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Megan C Finsaas
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Nadav L Sprague
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Ahuva Jacobowitz
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
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16
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Ledesma-Corvi S, Jornet-Plaza J, Gálvez-Melero L, García-Fuster MJ. Novel rapid treatment options for adolescent depression. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107085. [PMID: 38309382 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel fast-acting antidepressants for adolescent treatment-resistant depression and/or suicidal risk, since the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that are clinically approved for that age (i.e., fluoxetine or escitalopram) take weeks to work. In this context, one of the main research lines of our group is to characterize at the preclinical level novel approaches for rapid-acting antidepressants for adolescence. The present review summarizes the potential use in adolescence of non-pharmacological options, such as neuromodulators (electroconvulsive therapy and other innovative types of brain stimulation), as well as pharmacological options, including consciousness-altering drugs (mainly ketamine but also classical psychedelics) and cannabinoids (i.e., cannabidiol), with promising fast-acting responses. Following a brief analytical explanation of adolescent depression, we present a general introduction for each therapeutical approach together with the clinical evidence supporting its potential beneficial use in adolescence (mainly extrapolated from prior successful examples for adults), to then report recent and/or ongoing preclinical studies that will aid in improving the inclusion of these therapies in the clinic, by considering potential sex-, age-, and dose-related differences, and/or other factors that might affect efficacy or long-term safety. Finally, we conclude the review by providing future avenues to maximize treatment response, including the need for more clinical studies and the importance of designing and/or testing novel treatment options that are safe and fast-acting for adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ledesma-Corvi
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Jordi Jornet-Plaza
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Gálvez-Melero
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
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17
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Ilavská L, Morvová M, Paduchová Z, Muchová J, Garaiova I, Ďuračková Z, Šikurová L, Trebatická J. The kynurenine and serotonin pathway, neopterin and biopterin in depressed children and adolescents: an impact of omega-3 fatty acids, and association with markers related to depressive disorder. A randomized, blinded, prospective study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1347178. [PMID: 38414497 PMCID: PMC10896889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1347178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is a severe mental condition. In addition to genetic factors, immunological-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and disturbances in neurotransmitter metabolism, kynurenine and serotonin pathways may play a role. The exact mechanisms, especially in depressed children and adolescents, are not fully understood. Our primary hypothesis was whether the metabolites of tryptophan degradation in children and adolescents with depressive disorder might be influenced by omega-3 FAs compared to omega-6 FAs during a 12-week supplementation. A secondary hypothesis was to investigate whether tryptophan metabolites in children and adolescents are associated with markers of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cortisol, and the serum omega-6/omega-3 FA ratio. Metabolites of tryptophan degradation and pteridines, neopterin, and biopterin in urine were analyzed with an HPLC system. Surprisingly, omega-3 FAs stimulated both kynurenine (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan) pathways, whereas omega-6 FAs only increased the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. Neopterin and biopterin were not different from the healthy controls. Biopterin increased after omega-3 FA supplementation. Serotonin was positively correlated with lipoperoxidation and a marker of oxidative protein damage. Of the monitored tryptophan metabolites, only 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid was positively correlated with the severity of depression, total cholesterol, and negatively with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, in children and adolescents, both supplemented FAs stimulated the kynurenine pathway (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) and kynurenine formation. However, the serotonin pathway (5-hydroxytryptophan) was stimulated only by omega-3 FA. Tryptophan metabolism is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, total cholesterol, and cortisol. We are the first to point out the association between the kynurenine pathway (KYN/TRP ratio) and the omega-6/omega-3 FA ratio. The metabolite 5-HIAA could play a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN81655012, identifier ISRCTN81655012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ilavská
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Morvová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Paduchová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Muchová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Garaiova
- Research and Development Department, Cultech Ltd., Port Talbot, United Kingdom
| | - Zdenka Ďuračková
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Libuša Šikurová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Trebatická
- Department of Paediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University and The National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wenzel C, Bongers BC, Schlagheck ML, Reis D, Reinhard F, Schmidt P, Bernitzki S, Oberste M, Wunram HL, Zimmer P, Fricke O. Validation of the maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in adolescents with major depressive disorder and comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness with sex- and age-related control values. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:379-388. [PMID: 37906306 PMCID: PMC10858085 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Endurance training has been shown to be effective in treating adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). To integrate endurance training into the therapeutic setting and the adolescents' daily lives, the current performance status of the adolescents should be accurately assessed. This study aims to examine adolescents with MDD concerning exhaustion criteria during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), as well as to compare the values obtained thereon with sex- and age-related control values. The study included a retrospective examination of exhaustion criteria ((i) oxygen consumption (V̇O2) plateau, (ii) peak respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak) > 1.0, (iii) peak heart rate (HRpeak) ≥ 95% of the age-predicted maximal HR, and (iv) peak blood lactate concentration (BLCpeak) > 8.0 mmol⋅L-1) during a graded CPET on a cycle ergometer in adolescents with MDD (n = 57). Subsequently, maximal V̇O2, peak minute ventilation, V̇O2 at the first ventilatory threshold, and peak work rate of participants who met at least two of four criteria were compared with published control values using an independent-sample t-test. Thirty-three percent of the total population achieved a V̇O2 plateau and 75% a RERpeak > 1.0. The HR and BLC criteria were met by 19% and 22%, respectively. T-test results revealed significant differences between adolescents with MDD and control values for all outcomes. Adolescents with MDD achieved between 56% and 83% of control values. Conclusions: The study shows that compared with control values, fewer adolescents with MDD achieve the exhaustion criteria on a CPET and adolescents with MDD have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Clinical trial registration: No. U1111-1145-1854. What is Known: • It is already known that endurance training has a positive effect on depressive symptoms. What is New: • A relevant proportion of adolescents with major depressive disorder do not achieve their V̇O2max during a graded cardiopulmonary exercise test. • Adolescents with major depressive disorder have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared to sex- and age-related control values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wenzel
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bart Chateau Bongers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Lea Schlagheck
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniela Reis
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Professorship for Integrative Pediatrics, Witten, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke gGmbH, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Franziska Reinhard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Witten, Germany
| | - Stefan Bernitzki
- Department of Pediatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Max Oberste
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Oliver Fricke
- Department of Human Medicine , Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Witten, Germany
- Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Abbasi LN, Hyasat A, Alsha'er A, Al Warawrah AM, Jaser G, Shelbayeh M, Al Wahesh S, Alkhaldi TA, Shakkah T. Adolescent Depression Prevalence and Factors: A Jordanian Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52546. [PMID: 38371083 PMCID: PMC10874493 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective There is a great deal of variation in the prevalence of adolescent depression among nations, but overall, it is a severe and common mental illness that is a major contributor to disability on a global scale. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, the severity of its symptoms, and its characteristics among adolescents residing in Amman, Jordan, in 2023. Method A cross-sectional design was used to collect descriptive data from 784 adolescents from Jordan, aged between 14 and 17 years. Participants were administered the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess the prevalence and severity of depression as well as measures of socio-demographics and health history. Significance was set at p ≤.05. Results The mean age was 15.56 +/- 1.077 with 55% female and 45% male participants, with a prevalence of moderate to severe depression of 32.4%. This study identified four significant predictors of depression: female sex, cigarette smoking, history of mental health problems, and family history of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of directing prevention and intervention efforts toward adolescents, considering the projected increase in depression rates across the Arab region. This serves as a warning for policymakers and healthcare professionals to prioritize this demographic in their strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layali N Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, JOR
| | - Abdullah Hyasat
- Department of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, JOR
| | | | | | - Ghaith Jaser
- Department of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, JOR
| | | | - Samer Al Wahesh
- Department of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, JOR
| | | | - Tasneem Shakkah
- Department of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, JOR
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20
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Nickson D, Singmann H, Meyer C, Toro C, Walasek L. Replicability and reproducibility of predictive models for diagnosis of depression among young adults using Electronic Health Records. Diagn Progn Res 2023; 7:25. [PMID: 38049919 PMCID: PMC10696659 DOI: 10.1186/s41512-023-00160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in machine learning combined with the growing availability of digitized health records offer new opportunities for improving early diagnosis of depression. An emerging body of research shows that Electronic Health Records can be used to accurately predict cases of depression on the basis of individual's primary care records. The successes of these studies are undeniable, but there is a growing concern that their results may not be replicable, which could cast doubt on their clinical usefulness. METHODS To address this issue in the present paper, we set out to reproduce and replicate the work by Nichols et al. (2018), who trained predictive models of depression among young adults using Electronic Healthcare Records. Our contribution consists of three parts. First, we attempt to replicate the methodology used by the original authors, acquiring a more up-to-date set of primary health care records to the same specification and reproducing their data processing and analysis. Second, we test models presented in the original paper on our own data, thus providing out-of-sample prediction of the predictive models. Third, we extend past work by considering several novel machine-learning approaches in an attempt to improve the predictive accuracy achieved in the original work. RESULTS In summary, our results demonstrate that the work of Nichols et al. is largely reproducible and replicable. This was the case both for the replication of the original model and the out-of-sample replication applying NRCBM coefficients to our new EHRs data. Although alternative predictive models did not improve model performance over standard logistic regression, our results indicate that stepwise variable selection is not stable even in the case of large data sets. CONCLUSION We discuss the challenges associated with the research on mental health and Electronic Health Records, including the need to produce interpretable and robust models. We demonstrated some potential issues associated with the reliance on EHRs, including changes in the regulations and guidelines (such as the QOF guidelines in the UK) and reliance on visits to GP as a predictor of specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Singmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Meyer
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Carla Toro
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Lukasz Walasek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Rask O, Nordenskjöld A, Johansson BA, Movahed Rad P. Electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents: results from a population‑based study utilising the Swedish National Quality Register. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2649-2656. [PMID: 36513894 PMCID: PMC10682289 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective and safe for adults with severe depression, but less studied in adolescents. Here, we examined the indications, prevalence, practice, response and remission rates, and side effects in young people treated with ECT in Sweden. We also examined the usage of ECT in the transition to adult psychiatry. Using data from national patient registers and the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT (Q-ECT), we identified patients aged up to 19 years treated with ECT over a 5-year study period. Response and remission rates were analysed using the Clinical Global Impression (7-point scale)-Improvement (CGI-I) and Severity (CGI-S). A total of 118 individuals were identified, of which 105 were also enrolled in the Q-ECT. The most common indication for ECT was depression (68%; n = 80). Adolescents aged < 18 years were more severely ill before treatment than those aged 18 years (P < 0.01). Three of the hospitals in Sweden treated the majority of adolescents < 18 years old. The median number of sessions in each ECT series was seven. Unilateral placement of the electrodes was the most common (88%; n = 99). Fifty-seven percent (n = 54) of the patients responded (CGI-I, 1-2) to the treatment; remission (CGI-S, 1-2) was achieved by 32% (n = 30). Psychotic symptoms were associated with a higher response rate in patients with depression (P = 0.038). A deterioration of memory compared to pre-treatment was reported in six patients. ECT was associated with high response and remission rates in adolescents with severe psychiatric disorders after non-response to medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rask
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Emergency Unit, Cronquists gata 4g, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Axel Nordenskjöld
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Björn Axel Johansson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pouya Movahed Rad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Ruchkin V, Stickley A, Koposov R, Sukhodolsky DG, Isaksson J. Depressive symptoms and anger and aggression in Russian adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:130. [PMID: 37974287 PMCID: PMC10652468 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Research among adolescents exploring the association between depressive symptoms and aggression has produced inconsistent findings. This study investigated the prevalence of clinically significant (current major depressive episode) and subthreshold depressive symptoms in a general population sample of adolescents from Northern Russia and explored their association with aggression and anger, while controlling for comorbid mental health problems. The sample consisted of 2600 participants, aged 13-17 years (59.5% female; 95.7% ethnic Russian). Symptoms of a current major depressive episode, types of anger and aggression (anger rumination, trait anger, physical, verbal and social aggression) and comorbid problems (posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, anxiety, and hyperactivity/impulsivity) were assessed by means of self-reports. The prevalence of a clinically significant depressive episode in the past month was 3.5%, while for subthreshold depression it was 21.6%. All anger and aggression variables, as well as comorbid problems increased together with increasing levels of depression. The association between overt aggressive behavior and depression was primarily explained by comorbid mental health problems, whereas anger rumination and social aggression had more direct associations with depression, independent of comorbidity. Among adolescents with depression, boys reported higher levels of social and verbal aggression and of anger rumination than girls. The results of this study suggest that interventions aiming to reduce aggressive behavior in adolescents should consider depression and its comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden.
- Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department for Preventive Intervetion for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roman Koposov
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Northern Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis G Sukhodolsky
- Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Hollocks MJ, Leno VC, Chandler S, White P, Yorke I, Charman T, Pickles A, Baird G, Simonoff E. Psychiatric conditions in autistic adolescents: longitudinal stability from childhood and associated risk factors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2197-2208. [PMID: 35976471 PMCID: PMC10576662 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autistic people experience high rates of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses. Current prevalence estimates vary considerably due to an over-reliance on clinical cohorts and the longitudinal stability of diagnoses from childhood into adolescence is poorly understood. This study aims to provide prevalence rates of co-occurring DSM-5 psychiatric diagnosis for autistic adolescence and investigate, for the first time, the stability of diagnoses from childhood. Using a longitudinal stratified sample of autistic youth (N = 77; 13-17 years; 60% male), selected from a larger community-derived sample of those with pre-existing autism diagnoses (N = 277) weighted prevalence estimates of emotional (anxiety, depression), behavioural (oppositional and conduct disorders) and ADHD diagnoses were calculated based on semi-structured psychiatric interview. Prediction of adolescent psychiatric diagnosis based on childhood diagnostic status, sex, childhood IQ (both assessed at age 4-10 years) was tested. Emotional and behavioural disorders in adolescence were particularly prevalent, and significantly predicted by childhood disorder status. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) was prevalent but not predicted by childhood ADHD diagnosis. Neither sex nor childhood IQ predicted diagnostic outcomes. Autistic youth have high levels of co-occurring psychiatric conditions, which are broadly persistent across childhood and adolescence. Emotional disorders are particularly prevalent and remain persistent from childhood to adolescence. Greater diagnostic variability was found for ADHD with more adolescents moving across diagnostic thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hollocks
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London, UK.
| | - Virginia Carter Leno
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susie Chandler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Pippa White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Isabel Yorke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Tony Charman
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Gillian Baird
- Newcomen Centre, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London, UK
- Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
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24
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Castaneda-Ramirez S, Becker TD, Bruges-Boude A, Kellner C, Rice TR. Systematic review: Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant mood disorders in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1529-1560. [PMID: 34999973 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established treatment for adults with mood disorders. However, its use in child and adolescent populations is less common. At the same time, approximately 60% of child and adolescent patients do not respond satisfactorily to first-line treatments for mood disorders. Given the need for effective treatments for severe mood disorders in adolescents and the low use rate of ECT, this systematic review examines the existing literature on the effectiveness and adverse effect profile of ECT when used for treatment-resistant mood disorders in children and adolescents. Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo using search terms related to (1) children and adolescents, (2) mood disorders, and (3) ECT. Searches identified 1715 unique articles. The full text of 71 selected articles were reviewed, leading to 41 studies included in the study. A standardized data extraction tool was used to collect key information from each study (i.e. author and publication year, objectives, participants and setting, design, measures, clinical outcomes, and side effects). As most of the studies found were case series, the Joanna Briggs Institute Case Series Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess quality. Studies were summarized qualitatively by comparing findings across key study parameters. Our review identified 41 studies for inclusion. Twenty were case series, two were case-control studies, and nineteen were case reports. Overall treatment response rates ranged from 51 to 92%, with patients receiving an average of 12 treatments. Among studies with n > 30, response rates were largely 70-82% for depression and 87-90% for mania. Seven studies used the Mini-Mental State Exam and found no evidence of significant post-treatment cognitive impairment. The majority of side effects were minor and transient. Tardive seizure was reported in 4 (0.6%) patients. ECT was discontinued early due to side effects in 11 (1.5%) cases. No fatalities were reported. Our data suggest that ECT is safe and effective for the treatment of mood disorders in child and adolescent populations, and should be considered in severe and treatment-refractory cases. Controlled studies with objective measures and long-term follow-up are needed to advance the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy D Becker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Babcock Building, 5 West, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | - Adriana Bruges-Boude
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Babcock Building, 5 West, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Rice
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Babcock Building, 5 West, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10025, USA.
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25
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Parida D, Prasad P, Sahu P, Krishna SK, Joshi A, Dabar D, Verma S. Prevalence and Correlates of Depression Among School-Going Adolescents in the Urban Schools of Central India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44088. [PMID: 37750148 PMCID: PMC10518062 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is defined as the phase of development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Presently in India, 243 million populations are staring at the crossroads of transition from childhood to adulthood. Physical, emotional, and social issues unique to this age group make them vulnerable to various mental problems. So, we conducted this study to quantify the current burden of depression in adolescents and its possible causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the middle and late adolescent participants aged 14-19 years from 52 sections (clusters) of 9th to 12thclasses comprising a total of 1412 students with a multistage cluster sampling method. In total four sections (clusters), and one participant of class 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th were chosen from 13 preselected schools. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, screen time, physical activity, etc., and the DASS-42 scale was used to determine the prevalence of depression. Results: We found that the prevalence of depression in our study participants was around 39%. It was classified as 16.9%, 16.7%, 5.1%, and 0.5% participants respectively having mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe depression. Mother's education was a statistically significant determinant for depression among these adolescents. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the prevalence of depression (including mild, moderate, severe, or very severe) among school-going adolescents is 39%. We hereby recommend that a holistic approach should be followed involving parents and teachers with the help of school counselors to tackle and curb this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Parida
- Department of Community Medicine, Index Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, IND
| | - Pankaj Prasad
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Pushpendra Sahu
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Satna, IND
| | - Subba Krishna Krishna
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, IND
| | - Ankur Joshi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Deepti Dabar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Sudhir Verma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
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Lee J, Song K, Jeon S, Lee HS, Lee S, Kim HS, Chae HW. Association of maternal mental health and drinking/smoking with adolescents' mental health based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1087300. [PMID: 37415692 PMCID: PMC10321712 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1087300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depression is one of the major concerns in adolescence, with a global prevalence of approximately 5%. Diverse environmental factors can affect the development of depression depending on the individual developmental stage. Methods Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and mental health in a population of non-clinically ill adolescents in Korea totaling 6,261 adolescents aged 12-18 years. Results Drinking, smoking, stress, depressed mood, suicidal ideation in adolescents, and stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation in mothers were identified as factors associated with adolescent depression. In addition to depressed mood and suicidal ideation, the higher perception of stress in mothers was related to higher stress perception, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. The association of adolescents' mental health with fathers' mental health was weaker than that with mothers' mental health. Additionally, increased smoking and drinking were commonly reported in adolescents with higher stress perception, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation. Discussion We conclude that close monitoring of mental health is required for adolescents with drinking and smoking habits and mothers with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - San Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Huang L, Zhang S, Bian B, Zhou M, Bi Z. Peer effects of depression between left-behind and non-left-behind children: quasi-experimental evidence from rural China. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:72. [PMID: 37308963 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to investigate the interactive influence of depression on left-behind (LB) and non-left-behind (NLB) children from the perspective of peer effects. The roles of teachers, parents, and friends are also explored. METHODS Data on 1817 children, 1817 parents, and 55 teachers were obtained from a field survey in December 2021. All students in the sample were randomly assigned to classrooms. A peer effect model and OLS methods were used to estimate the peer influence of depression. Robustness tests were conducted by randomly removing schools from the sample. RESULTS Depression was contagious among different groups of rural children, and the peer effect of the NLB children's depression played a dominant role. Both LB and NLB children were more affected by their NLB classmates' depression. LB children were not significantly affected by depression in other LB children. This conclusion remains robust after robustness testing. In addition, heterogeneity analysis showed that outgoing and cheerful teachers, effective parent-child communication and high-quality friendship all alleviated peer influence on depression. CONCLUSIONS LB children have more severe depression than NLB children, but LB children are more affected by depression in their NLB peers. Policymakers should train teachers to engage in positive communication with students to improve mental health in children. In addition, this article recommends that children move and live with their parents when family conditions permit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Sizhe Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Biyu Bian
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zinan Bi
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
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28
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Perceived Support from Best Friends and Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence: Disentangling Personal from Dyadic Level Effects. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:469-483. [PMID: 36534330 PMCID: PMC10017641 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Support from best friends is an important interpersonal factor in adolescent depression development but is often studied from an individual perspective in which dyadic effects are overlooked. This study aims to a) test whether differences in support vary at the individual level and are related to individual differences in the development of depressive symptoms, whether these differences vary at the dyadic level and are related to dyadic depression symptom development, or both, b) explore whether these associations are moderated by initial levels of depressive symptoms on the individual and/or dyadic level. Data from 452 adolescents (Mage = 13.03), nested in 226 same-gender friendship dyads (60.6% boy-dyads) who participated in the RADAR-Y project were included. Best friends self-reported annually (2006-2008; 3 waves) on their own depressive symptoms and perceived support from their friend. Multilevel models showed no direct association between support and depression development on the individual or dyadic level. However, the initial level of dyads' depressive symptoms moderated the association between dyadic support and dyads' subsequent depression symptom development. When dyads experienced relatively more initial depressive symptoms, higher levels of dyadic support were associated with relative increasing dyadic depressive symptoms. When dyads experienced relatively few initial depressive symptoms, higher levels of dyadic support were associated with relative decreasing dyadic depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that support from best friends can either protect against or exacerbate the development of depressive symptoms for friends, depending on the initial level of depressive symptoms of the dyad.
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29
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The Medical Home and Use of Mental and Non-mental Specialty Services Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1202-1212. [PMID: 35653008 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the relationship between the medical home and use of health services among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data from 2016 to 2018 National Survey of Children's Health was analyzed. Outcome measures were receipt of mental and non-mental specialty care, difficulty receiving needed mental and non-mental specialty care and unmet need for mental care. Having a medical home was associated with significantly lower odds of having unmet mental health need for children with ASD ages 11-17 (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.07-0.30) but not for those ages 3-10 (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.21-1.43). Having a medical home was also associated with lower odds of difficulty getting needed mental health care (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22-0.66) as well as non-mental specialty care (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.44).
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30
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Eysenbach G, Røssberg JI, Brandtzaeg PB, Skjuve M, Haavet OR, Følstad A, Klovning A. Analyzing User-Generated Web-Based Posts of Adolescents' Emotional, Behavioral, and Symptom Responses to Beliefs About Depression: Qualitative Thematic Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e37289. [PMID: 36692944 PMCID: PMC9906315 DOI: 10.2196/37289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common during adolescence. Early intervention can prevent it from developing into more progressive mental disorders. Combining information technology and clinical psychoeducation is a promising way to intervene at an earlier stage. However, data-driven research on the cognitive response to health information targeting adolescents with symptoms of depression is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap through a new understanding of adolescents' cognitive response to health information about depression. This knowledge can help to develop population-specific information technology, such as chatbots, in addition to clinical therapeutic tools for use in general practice. METHODS The data set consists of 1870 depression-related questions posted by adolescents on a public web-based information service. Most of the posts contain descriptions of events that lead to depression. On a sample of 100 posts, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis based on cognitive behavioral theory investigating behavioral, emotional, and symptom responses to beliefs associated with depression. RESULTS Results were organized into four themes. (1) Hopelessness, appearing as a set of negative beliefs about the future, possibly results from erroneous beliefs about the causal link between risk factors and the course of depression. We found beliefs about establishing a sturdy therapy alliance as a responsibility resting on the patient. (2) Therapy hesitancy seemed to be associated with negative beliefs about therapy prognosis and doubts about confidentiality. (3) Social shame appeared as a consequence of impaired daily function when the cause is not acknowledged. (4) Failing to attain social interaction appeared to be associated with a negative symptom response. In contrast, actively obtaining social support reduces symptoms and suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS These results could be used to meet the clinical aims stated by earlier psychoeducation development, such as instilling hope through direct reattribution of beliefs about the future; challenging causal attributions, thereby lowering therapy hesitancy; reducing shame through the mechanisms of externalization by providing a tentative diagnosis despite the risk of stigmatizing; and providing initial symptom relief by giving advice on how to open up and reveal themselves to friends and family and balance the message of self-management to fit coping capabilities. An active counseling style advises the patient to approach the social environment, demonstrating an attitude toward self-action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Ivar Røssberg
- Division of Psychiatric Treatment Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Bae Brandtzaeg
- Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,SINTEF Digital, Sustainable Communication Technologies, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marita Skjuve
- SINTEF Digital, Sustainable Communication Technologies, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Rikard Haavet
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Følstad
- SINTEF Digital, Sustainable Communication Technologies, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Klovning
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Zhang CS, Cheng L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wei S, Sun J. The strategies of exercise intervention for adolescent depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychol 2023; 13:974382. [PMID: 36687827 PMCID: PMC9846179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention, and analyze exercise intervention strategies for adolescent depression through a meta-analysis of RCTs. Methods Accordance to PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and CNKI were searched for eligible records. Peer-reviewed studies were included if they met the following criteria: population (mean age of 10-18 years), intervention (physical activity, sport, or exercise), and outcomes (depression, adherence, ITT, dropout, adverse events, follow-up report). The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022321683). Effect sizes calculations and methodological quality of exercise intervention (TESTEX scale) were carried out. The certainty of evidence was assessed by GRADE framework. Results Thirteen randomized controlled trials were eligible for this review, which comprised a total of 433 adolescents. Compared with the control treatment, the effect of exercise on adolescent depression was moderate (SMD = -0.65, 95%CI: -1.03 to -0.27, p < 0.01). Heterogeneity was substantial (T 2 = 0.30, I 2 = 67%, p < 0.01). The moderating effect analysis showed that exercise intervention characteristics (organization form, exercise frequency, exercise intensity, exercise type, and single exercise session duration) of included studies varied greatly revealing multiple factors that may impact the antidepressant effect of exercise on adolescent depression (I 2 > 50%, p < 0.05). Three studies show that the positive effect of exercise on reducing depression in adolescents remained 40 weeks after the intervention. Moreover, owing to the included studies contained methodological limitations, the certainty of evidence was reduced to moderate level. Conclusion This study shows that exercise intervention has a moderate and sustained positive effect on adolescent depression. Our results recommended that adolescents with depression undertake moderate to high intensity group mixed exercise for more than 12 weeks, 20 to 60 min/time, more than 3 times/week. Additionally, our study also shows that the antidepressant effects remained for a long time after the end of exercise interventions. However, following the GRADE framework, we rated the certainty of evidence the primary meta-analysis as moderate evidence due to some limitations of included studies. Therefore, rigorous studies are still needed to verify the results. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=321683], identifier [CRD42022321683].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sheng Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoan Chen
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, China
| | - Jinxiu Sun
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
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32
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The dynamics of adolescents’ pubertal maturation, depressive symptoms and friendship networks: stochastic actor-oriented model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether adolescents select friends based on their friends’ levels of depressive symptoms, and to determine whether the potential homophily phenomenon for depressive symptoms is attenuated after considering pubertal maturation and gender. Data were from the first three waves of the Taiwan Youth Project, a longitudinal study that annually surveys 7th graders from 40 junior high schools. Participants were asked at each wave to fill out a survey including depressive symptoms, pubertal maturation, and to name three best friends in school. Stochastic actor-oriented models were built to explore the dynamic changes in friendship networks by estimating the probability of the friendship connections and behavioral changes depending on the individual’s current network position and behavioral status. We used a sample of 2,336 adolescents. From 8 to 9th grade, adolescents tended to select friends who were similar in terms of their levels of depressive symptoms (B = 0.358, SE = 0.131, p < .001), without adjusting for gender and pubertal maturation. This homophily effect based on depressive symptoms became non-significant when pubertal maturation was included. Adolescents’ depressive symptoms did not further influence their friends’ depression levels, after controlling for pubertal maturation and gender. Future studies should further examine the mechanisms and group dynamics within clusters of adolescents who are depressed. Providing a supportive environment and tools is warranted to help adolescents cope with negative emotions within their peer group.
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33
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Uka F, Gashi S, Gashi A, Gllogu D, Musliu A, Krasniqi A, Statovci A, Sopjani V, Perçuku V, Sadikovic I, Wiium N. The effectiveness of internal cohesion psychotherapy in treating young clients with depression and anxiety disorders: The role of developmental assets in Kosovo context. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1005709. [PMID: 36312183 PMCID: PMC9597360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive youth development approach (PYD) is widely used as a meaningful framework to guide research, policy, and intervention, to support young people to develop their full potential. Psychotherapy, on the other hand, is a verbal and psychological procedure that can be a suitable solution to mental health concerns, which are prevalent among youth. This study aimed to explore the potential role of developmental assets in treating clients with depression and anxiety disorders using Internal Cohesion Psychotherapy (ICP). In total, 10 young people who took at least five sessions of ICP were part of this study. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather information about clients’ experiences with ICP and their perception/opinions on the presence of developmental assets in their lives. The results confirm the effectiveness of ICP in treating depression and anxiety, while clients acknowledge the role of developmental assets in their psychotherapeutic process. The current study has important theoretical, practical, and research implications. It provides evidence on how clients use their developmental assets in maximizing the effectiveness of the ICP process. The usage of developmental assets to enhance the effectiveness of psychotherapy opens a new path for further research and can serve as a foundation ground for intervention on mental health among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitim Uka
- Department of Psychology, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Research Department, Empatia Multidisciplinary Clinic, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Munich Center of the Learning Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Shkumbin Gashi
- Departement Gesundheit, Berner Fachhochschule, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arlinda Gashi
- Research Department, Empatia Multidisciplinary Clinic, Prishtina, Kosovo
- *Correspondence: Arlinda Gashi,
| | - Diellza Gllogu
- Research Department, Empatia Multidisciplinary Clinic, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Arian Musliu
- Faculty of Education, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Albina Krasniqi
- Research Department, Empatia Multidisciplinary Clinic, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Albina Statovci
- Research Department, Empatia Multidisciplinary Clinic, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Vanesa Sopjani
- Research Department, Empatia Multidisciplinary Clinic, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Veronë Perçuku
- Psycho-Social and Medical Research Center, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Irma Sadikovic
- Research Department, Empatia Multidisciplinary Clinic, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nora Wiium
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zadjali F, Al-Futaisi A, Al-Hosni A, Al-Huseini S, Crommelin M, Mirza H. The Parental and Children Report of the Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study From Oman. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604474. [PMID: 36090839 PMCID: PMC9453753 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Studies from the past decades have shown that mood disorders are common during childhood and adolescence. This study aimed to estimate the point prevalence of depression in Omani children and adolescents during social distancing and lockdown and identify the risk factors for developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in May 2020, in which all young Omani people attending a mainstream school aged 8–18 years old were eligible to participate. Parents were asked to complete the online survey, which consisted of the parent version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ-Parent). In addition, the option of a self-reported version (MFQ-Self) was provided in cases where children preferred to fill out the survey themselves. Logistic regression was used to identify the contributing socio-demographic variables associated with depressive symptoms. Results: A total of 445 participants completed the MFQ, out of which 72.1% were parents, and 27.9% were children, adolescents and young people. 13.9% of children and adolescents exhibited depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Oman. The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with increased food intake (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.00–3.29, p-value <0.05), longer use of smartphones (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.56–4.73, p-value <0.001), whereas additional entertainment activities during lockdown were protective against depression (OR 0.35 95% CI 0.19–0.64, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: This study from Oman concurs with recent reports of depression being common during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerted efforts are needed to mitigate this trend and identify high-risk groups during the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amna Al-Futaisi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amira Al-Hosni
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salim Al-Huseini
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maarten Crommelin
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Mirza
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- *Correspondence: Hassan Mirza,
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Van Ryzin MJ, Low S, Roseth CJ, Espelage D. A Longitudinal Process Model Evaluating the Effects of Cooperative Learning on Victimization, Stress, Mental Health, and Academic Engagement in Middle School. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BULLYING PREVENTION : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BULLYING PREVENTION ASSOCIATION 2022; 6:1-12. [PMID: 35935738 PMCID: PMC9345003 DOI: 10.1007/s42380-022-00140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is a significant concern among young people, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, mental health problems can significantly reduce student performance in school, including both engagement and achievement. Both mental health problems and reduced student performance often arise due to peer victimization, which can include teasing, racial- or gender-based discrimination, and/or physical assault. Stress has been proposed as one mechanism through which victimization influences mental health, and stress can also interfere with academic performance at school, including engagement and achievement. To date, however, no research has evaluated longitudinal associations between victimization and stress, and how these longitudinal patterns may impact adolescent behavior and mental health. In this study, we used data from a 2-year cluster randomized trial of cooperative learning to evaluate an etiological process model that includes (1) longitudinal reciprocal effects between victimization and stress, and (2) the effects of both victimization and stress on student mental health and academic engagement. We hypothesized that victimization and stress would have significant reciprocal effects, and that both would predict greater mental health problems and lower academic engagement. We further hypothesized that cooperative learning would have significant effects on all constructs. We found partial support for this model, whereby stress predicted greater victimization, but victimization did not predict increased stress. While both factors were linked to student outcomes, stress was a more powerful predictor. We also found significant salutary effects of cooperative learning on all constructs. The implications of these results for student behavioral and mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Van Ryzin
- Center on Human Development, University of Oregon, OR 97402 Eugene, USA
| | - Sabina Low
- Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ USA
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Mortazavi R, Lalouni M, Grudin R, Serlachius E, Sundberg CJ, Norrbom J, Larsson I, Haglund E, Ivarsson A, Lenhard F, Cronqvist T, Ingemarsson K, Mårsell Å, Rask O, Jarbin H. Moderate-to-vigorous group aerobic exercise versus group leisure activities for mild-to-moderate depression in adolescents: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060159. [PMID: 35820753 PMCID: PMC9274524 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is common, increasing among adolescents and carries risk of disability, lower educational achievements, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, self-harm and suicide. The effects of evidence-based treatments with medication or psychotherapy are modest. Aerobic exercise is a promising intervention for adolescents with depression, but available studies are hampered by methodological shortcomings. This study aims to evaluate aerobic group exercise versus an active comparator of leisure group activities in adolescents from clinical services with mild-to-moderate depression. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial at four psychiatric clinics in Sweden. Participants (n=122) will be randomised 1:1 to group exercise delivered by exercise professionals and supported by mental health (MH) workers or leisure activities lead by the same MH workers for 1 hour three times a week for 12 weeks. Participants will be assessed at baseline, single blind after 13 weeks and 26 weeks and openly after 1 year. Participants randomised to the leisure group will be offered exercise in the open phase. The primary outcome is clinician-rated Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Secondary outcomes are self-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, self-rated functioning; clinician-rated improvement and functioning; objectively measured aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition and presence or activity of selected biological markers of neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in blood samples. Further outcomes are cost-effectiveness and adolescents', parents' and coaches' experiences of the interventions and an exploration of how the adolescents' health and lifestyle are influenced by the interventions through qualitative interviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Ref. 2021-05307-01). Informed consent in writing will be provided from patients and parents of participants below 15 years of age. The results of this study will be communicated to the included participants and healthcare providers and also submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05076214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mortazavi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Maria Lalouni
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Grudin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Serlachius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Norrbom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Health and Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Halland, Sweden
| | - Emma Haglund
- The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Health and Sport, School of Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Department of Health and Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Fabian Lenhard
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Åsa Mårsell
- PRIMA Barn- och Vuxenpsykiatri AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Rask
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Jarbin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
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Dippel N, In-Albon T, Schneider S, Christiansen H, Brakemeier EL. Investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a modular treatment program for children and adolescents with depression and interpersonal problems: study protocol of a quasi-experimental pilot feasibility trial (CBASP@YoungAge). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:145. [PMID: 35821072 PMCID: PMC9275387 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a serious disorder in childhood and adolescence. Affected children and adolescents show significant impairments in various aspects of life. Studies on the effectiveness or efficacy of psychotherapy in depressed children and adolescents are qualitatively very heterogeneous and reveal small effect sizes. There is thus a need to better tailor psychotherapy approaches to these age groups to improve outcomes like parent-child relationship, symptomatology, or quality of life. To address this gap, we designed a modular, individualized treatment program for children and adolescents based on the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) including caregiver involvement. METHOD This quasi-experimental pilot feasibility trial is a phase 1 to phase 2 study investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of CBASP@YoungAge by including an intervention group (CBASP@YoungAge) and a treatment-as-usual control group. The treatment of depressive symptoms as well as interpersonal problems with primary caregivers are the main targets of CBASP@YoungAge. Personalization is ensured concerning the treatment course, caregivers' involvement, and the patient's age. The primary outcome relates to two areas: the feasibility of the CBASP@YoungAge treatment program in an outpatient context and a change in patients' depressive symptomatology from before to after treatment. We conduct a brief process evaluation after each session in the intervention group to closely monitor the treatment process and examine feasibility from the therapists' and patients' perspectives and mechanisms of symptom change. In addition, we consider interpersonal behavior between children and caregivers, parenting behavior, and monitor the global-health-index in children and parents as secondary outcomes. Pre-, post-, and follow-up data are evaluated. DISCUSSION This is the first study of a modular-based intervention program for children and adolescents with depression and a clear focus on the interpersonal problems between the depressed young patient and her/his caregiver. It will provide important knowledge on the feasibility and effectiveness of the program and potential benefits of including caregivers in psychotherapy. Based on this study's results, we plan a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial whose long-term aim is to improve the psychotherapeutic care of young patients with depression while preventing persistent courses of depressive disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS (identifier DRKS00023281 ). Registered 17 November 2020-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dippel
- Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - T In-Albon
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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Wunram HL, Hamacher S, Oberste M, Neufang S, Belke L, Jänicke F, Graf C, Schönau E, Bender S, Fricke O. Influence of motivational placebo-related factors on the effects of exercise treatment in depressive adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-14. [PMID: 33709258 PMCID: PMC9343287 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses reveal a moderate effect of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of adolescent depression. However, not only the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, also the influences of placebo-related motivational factors (beliefs and expectancies in sporting, enjoyment and prior sports experiences), are still unclear. Based on the data of our prior study "Mood Vibes", we hypothesized that placebo-inherent factors like positive prior sports experiences and motivational factors, (positive beliefs, expectancies, and enjoyment related to PA), would increase the effects of an add-on exercise-therapy in juvenile depression. From 64 included depressed adolescents, 41 underwent an intensive add-on PA-therapy. Motivational factors were assessed using sport-specific scales. The changes in depression scores under treatment were rated by self-rating scale (German "Childhood Depression Inventory", (DIKJ)). A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used to analyze the effects of the different motivational variates on DIKJ. While prior sports experiences had no impact, motivational factors showed a significant effect on PA-induced changes in DIKJ scores (p = 0.002). The demotivated participants improved less, whereas it was sufficient to be neutral towards sporting to benefit significantly more. Motivational placebo-related factors (beliefs, expectancies and enjoyment regarding PA) affected the outcomes of an exercise treatment in depressed adolescents. Yet, a neutral mindset was sufficient to profit more from PA. Prior sporting in the sense of positive conditioning and as a protective factor did not play a role. Knowledge about these influences could in a second step help to develop tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hamacher
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Oberste
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Neufang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luisa Belke
- Children’s Hospital Amsterdam Street, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne and UniReha®, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Fricke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Child Neurology, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke and Chairs of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Machlitt-Northen S, Keers R, Munroe PB, Howard DM, Pluess M. Gene-Environment Correlation over Time: A Longitudinal Analysis of Polygenic Risk Scores for Schizophrenia and Major Depression in Three British Cohorts Studies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1136. [PMID: 35885920 PMCID: PMC9320197 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Importantly, environmental and genetic risk factors are often related as evidenced in gene-environment correlation (rGE), which describes the observation that genetic and environmental factors are associated with each other. It is understood that rGE gets stronger over time as individuals select their environments more actively based on their genetic propensities. However, little is known whether rGEs remain stable over time or change across different development periods. Using data from three British longitudinal cohorts, we investigated whether rGE patterns of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for SCZ and MDD changed over time across childhood and adulthood, as well as across both from birth to age 55 and whether results differed between SCZ and MDD. Overall, the majority of rGEs remained stable across the investigated development periods. Furthermore, the few detected rGE changes which did differ between SCZ and MDD, could not be explained by the confounding of clinical cases and are therefore likely the result of actual changes in environmental and cultural risk factors with genetic susceptibility to SCZ and MDD likely playing a less significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Machlitt-Northen
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Robert Keers
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - David M. Howard
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Michael Pluess
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
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Xiao X, Zheng X. The Effect of Parental Phubbing on Depression in Chinese Junior High School Students: The Mediating Roles of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Self-Esteem. Front Psychol 2022; 13:868354. [PMID: 35422730 PMCID: PMC9004422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To reveal the relationship between parental phubbing, basic psychological needs satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression and to explore the impact of parental phubbing on depression. Methods A total of 819 junior high school students responded to the parental phubbing scale, basic psychological needs satisfaction scale, self-esteem scale, and depression scale in combination. Results (1) Parental phubbing was significantly correlated with satisfaction of basic psychological needs, self-esteem, and depression. (2) Parental phubbing can not only be used to directly predict depression in junior middle school students but also has an indirect impact on depression through three pathways: a separate mediating effect on basic psychological needs satisfaction, a separate mediating effect on self-esteem and a chain mediating effect on both. Conclusion Parental phubbing is a risk factor for depression, which can negatively affect the mental health of junior high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition, and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition, and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Cai H, Bai W, Liu H, Chen X, Qi H, Liu R, Cheung T, Su Z, Lin J, Tang YL, Jackson T, Zhang Q, Xiang YT. Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents during the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:98. [PMID: 35273161 PMCID: PMC8907388 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Network analysis is an effective approach for examining complex relationships between psychiatric symptoms. This study was designed to examine item-level relationships between depressive and anxiety symptoms using network analysis in an adolescent sample and identified the most central symptoms within the depressive-anxiety symptoms network model. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7), respectively. The structure of depressive and anxiety symptoms was characterized using "Strength" and "Bridge Strength" as centrality indices in the symptom network. Network stability was tested using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Finally, a Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine whether network characteristics differed on the basis of gender, school grade and residence. Network analysis revealed that nodes PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), GAD6 ("Irritability"), GAD3 ("Worry too much"), and PHQ6 ("Guilty") were central symptoms in the network model of adolescents. Additionally, bridge symptoms linking anxiety and depressive symptoms in this sample were nodes PHQ6 ("Guilty"), PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), and PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation"). Gender, school grade and residence did not significantly affect the network structure. Central symptoms (e.g., Sad mood, Irritability, Worry too much, and Guilty) and key bridge symptoms (e.g., Guilty, Sad mood, and Suicide ideation) in the depressive and anxiety symptoms network may be useful as potential targets for intervention among adolescents who are at risk for or suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Bai
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province China
| | - Xu Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Qi
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Jingxia Lin
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-lang Tang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.414026.50000 0004 0419 4084Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA USA
| | - Todd Jackson
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Longitudinal associations between problematic Internet use, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022:10.1007/s00787-022-01944-5. [PMID: 35034212 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Problematic Internet use (PIU) has a negative impact on self-esteem among adolescents, thereby making them be vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies focusing on the process. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. A total of 1,736 adolescents completed this longitudinal study. The baseline survey was conducted in 2019, and the follow-up surveys were performed at 1-year and 2-year later. PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms were measured. A cascade model was used to examine the longitudinal associations between PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. The mean age of participants was 13.6 (1.5) years at baseline. The final results observed significant within-time associations between PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms at each time point. PIU and low level of self-esteem could predict subsequent depressive symptoms among adolescents, and depressive symptoms were also associated with subsequent PIU and self-esteem. Both PIU and self-esteem show bidirectional predictions with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Schools and parents should give more attention to adolescents prone to developing depressive symptoms and more social support to reduce their negative emotions. Health-related professionals should incorporate practical knowledge and skills into the education of adolescents to help them better control Internet use, attenuating the risk of future depressive symptoms.
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Moussavi Y, Wergeland GJ, Bøe T, Haugland BSM, Larsen M, Lehmann S. Internalizing Symptoms Among Youth in Foster Care: Prevalence and Associations with Exposure to Maltreatment. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:375-388. [PMID: 33575864 PMCID: PMC8924138 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among youth in foster care (N = 303, aged 11-17 years), we investigated prevalence of internalizing symptoms; associations between symptom level and maltreatment types and numbers; and the interaction between gender and maltreatment, on internalizing symptoms. Youth completed Spence Children Anxiety Scale, Short Mood Feelings Questionnaire, and Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen. Compared to community samples, symptom levels above clinical cut-off was more frequent, with social- and generalized anxiety (ES = 0.78-0.88) being most prevalent among youth in foster care. Girls reported more internalizing symptoms (ES = 0.59-0.93). Sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a broader range of internalizing symptoms (ES = 0.35-0.64). Increased incidence of maltreatment was associated with increased levels of symptoms (ES = 0.21-0.22). Associations between maltreatment and symptom level were stronger for girls. This study stresses the importance of broad screening of maltreatment and internalizing symptoms to meet the needs of youth in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Moussavi
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - West, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, P.O.B 22 Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Gro Janne Wergeland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - West, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, P.O.B 22 Nygårdstangen, 5838 Bergen, Norway ,Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Marit Larsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - West, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, P.O.B 22 Nygårdstangen, 5838 Bergen, Norway ,Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stine Lehmann
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - West, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, P.O.B 22 Nygårdstangen, 5838 Bergen, Norway ,Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Höhne E, van der Meer AS, Kamp-Becker I, Christiansen H. A systematic review of risk and protective factors of mental health in unaccompanied minor refugees. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-15. [PMID: 33169230 PMCID: PMC9343263 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rising interest in the mental health of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMR), who are a high-risk group for mental disorders. Especially the investigation of predictive factors of the mental health of young refugees has received increasing attention. However, there has been no review on this current issue for the specific group of UMR so far. We aimed to summarize and evaluate the existing findings of specific risk and protective factors to identify the most verified influences on the mental health of UMR. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search. Study designs were limited to quantitative cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Eight databases were searched in four different languages and article reference lists of relevant papers were screened. 27 studies were included (N = 4753). Qualitative synthesis revealed the number of stressful life events to be the most evaluated and verified risk factor for mental health of UMR. A stable environment and social support, on the other hand, can protect UMR from developing poor mental health. Besides that, several other influencing factors could be pointed out, such as type of accommodation, family contact, gender and cultural competences. Because of the large heterogeneity of outcome measures, quantitative synthesis was not possible. This review helps to improve our understanding of determinants of UMRs mental health and thus to provide more targeted treatment. Furthermore, it provides information on how to prevent the development of mental health problems by specifying factors that can be modified by different health and immigration sectors in advance. Further research is needed focusing on the interaction between the various predictive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Höhne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Schützenstraße 49, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Swantje van der Meer
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Schützenstraße 49, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Höhne E, Banaschewski T, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Sukale T, Kamp-Becker I. Prevalences of mental distress and its associated factors in unaccompanied refugee minors in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021:10.1007/s00787-021-01926-z. [PMID: 34919189 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prevalences for mental disorders within minor refugees are comparatively high and heterogeneous. To reduce heterogeneity and identify high-risk subgroups, we compared unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) to accompanied refugee minors (ARM) regarding depressive symptoms and mental distress. Furthermore, we examined associative factors of mental distress in URM on a broad scale. We conducted a survey with a cross-sectional design in four German University hospitals. The sample consisted of n = 172 URM and n = 52 ARM aged 14-21. Depressive symptoms were assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Mental distress was assessed by the Refugee Health Screener (RHS-15). Mann-Whitney test was used to examine differences between URM and ARM. Associated factors of mental distress were evaluated via a stepwise multiple regression analysis. URM showed significantly higher mean scores for PHQ-9 (p < .001) and RHS-15 (p < .001) compared to ARM indicating medium effect sizes. Furthermore, URM were significantly more likely to surpass the cut-off for depression (61.6% vs. 30.8%) and overall mental distress (81.4% vs. 53.8%) compared to ARM. The factors Number of stressful life events (SLE), Female gender, and Fear of deportation were found to be associated with an increased mental distress in URM, whereas Weekly contact to a family member, School attendance, and German language skills were accompanied with lower distress scores. All six factors accounted for 32% of the variance of mental distress in URM (p < .001). Within minor refugees, URM are a highly vulnerable subgroup, which should receive particular attention and more targeted measures by health authorities. Our results indicate that these measures should comprise a rapid promotion of family contact, school attendance, language acquisition, and the fast processing of asylum applications. However, the cross-sectional design limits the interpretability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Höhne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Medicine, University Hospital of Marburg and Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - T Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Bajbouj
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Böge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Sukale
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - I Kamp-Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Medicine, University Hospital of Marburg and Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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46
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Peng L, Yang W. Mental Health Outcomes among Chinese College Students over a Decade. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312742. [PMID: 34886469 PMCID: PMC8657580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Economic growth in China has brought about significant social and psychological changes in society. Objective: This study aims to explore how the mental and psychological health of college students has changed over the past decade. Methods: We observed several cohort samples in a Chinese university over a decade and looked at five mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation, depression, optimism, self-esteem, and perceived social support, throughout each year of testing. Results: Our study highlights the declining rates of suicidal ideation and depression, combined with relative stability and even small increases in optimism, self-esteem, and perceived social support across a range of demographic variables. Conclusions: The findings of this study imply that in the context of economic growth, stabilizing and improving positive mental health states can help prevent and reduce the risk of depression and suicidal ideation among college students. The study also highlighted the need for more public health campaigns and interventions in universities to help students cope with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Zhao
- Department of Sociology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisu Peng
- Department of Sociology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Sociology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (W.Y.)
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Kreniske P, Mellins CA, Dolezal C, Morrison C, Shea E, Fisher PW, Kluisza L, Robbins RN, Nguyen N, Leu CS, Wiznia A, Abrams EJ. Predictors of Attempted Suicide Among Youth Living With Perinatal HIV Infection and Perinatal HIV-Exposed Uninfected Counterparts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 88:348-355. [PMID: 34406984 PMCID: PMC8693508 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults (AYA). AYA living with perinatally acquired HIV infection (AYALPHIV) are at higher risk of attempted suicide when compared with AYA who were perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (AYAPHEU). To inform interventions, we identified risk and protective factors of attempted suicide among AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU. SETTING Data were obtained from a longitudinal New York City-based study of AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU (n = 339; enrollment age 9-16 years) interviewed approximately every 12-18 months. METHOD Our main outcome was suicide attempt at any follow-up. The DISC was used to assess psychiatric disorder diagnoses and attempted suicide and the Child Depression Inventory to assess depressive symptoms. Psychosocial and sociodemographic risk factors were also measured. Analyses used backward stepwise logistic regression modeling. RESULTS At enrollment, 51% was female individuals, 49% Black, 40% Latinx, and 11% both Black and Latinx. Attempted suicide prevalence was significantly higher among AYALPHIV compared with AYAPHEU (27% vs 16%, P = 0.019), with AYALPHIV having 2.21 times the odds of making an attempt [95% confidence interval: (1.18 to 4.12), P = 0.013]. Higher Child Depression Inventory scores were associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide in both groups and the total sample. The presence of DISC-defined behavior disorder increased the risk of attempted suicide in the total sample and the AYALPHIV subgroup. Religiosity was protective of attempted suicide in AYALPHIV. CONCLUSIONS AYALPHIV had increased suicide attempts compared with AYAPHEU. Religiosity was protective in AYALPHIV. Highlighting a need for prevention of early mental health challenges was associated with risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kreniske
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Claude Ann Mellins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Curtis Dolezal
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Corey Morrison
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Eileen Shea
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Data Science, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Prudence W Fisher
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Luke Kluisza
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Reuben N Robbins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Nadia Nguyen
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Cheng-Shiun Leu
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Wiznia
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; and
| | - Elaine J Abrams
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health and Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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48
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Özkul B, Günüşen NP. Stressors and Coping Methods of Turkish Adolescents With High and Low Risk of Depression: A Qualitative Study. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2021; 27:458-470. [PMID: 31965872 DOI: 10.1177/1078390319895088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and coping skills are essential factors in the etiology of depression. Understanding the stressors and coping strategies of adolescents in Turkey may help determine the content of the country-specific depression prevention program. AIMS The purpose of this study was to understand the stressors of adolescents with a high or low risk of depression and how they coped with these stressors. METHOD This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in a high school in western Turkey. The data were collected via semistructured individual interviews. Eleven adolescents with high risk of depression and 10 adolescents with low risk of depression were included in the study. Content analysis technique was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The stressors of adolescents and their coping were grouped into three themes: stressors, factors affecting coping strategies of adolescents, and coping. Stressors theme consists of three subthemes: family relationship, peer relationship, and telephone/internet usage. The factors affecting coping strategies of adolescents theme consists of four subthemes: cognitive distortions, self-perception, family relationships, and peer relationships. The coping theme consists of two subthemes: engagement coping and disengagement coping. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that adolescents with a high risk of depression had more stressors and used more disengagement-coping techniques. It is recommended that to prevent depression among adolescents, school nurses should take initiatives to strengthen the coping strategies of adolescents with high risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özkul
- Burcu Özkul, MSc, RN, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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49
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Li Y, Hu F, He X. How to Make Students Happy During Periods of Online Learning: The Effect of Playfulness on University Students' Study Outcomes. Front Psychol 2021; 12:753568. [PMID: 34690899 PMCID: PMC8526718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.753568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
University students’ study outcomes, their psychological wellbeing in particular, have been considered closely by both education researchers and practitioners. It is worth exploring ways to improve the quality of life of students, especially during the pandemic period when millions of students around the world have taken online courses at home. This paper tests the influence of playfulness on the levels of life satisfaction and school burnout of college students. To examine our hypotheses, we distributed our survey to 353 Chinese university students (mean age 20.10 years) in their online learning semester in 2020 due to the outbreak of COVID-19. Correlation analysis and path analysis were applied to analyze the data. The results show that playfulness positively relates to life satisfaction and negatively correlates to school burnout. Moreover, a sense of control mediates these relationships. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Li
- School of Teacher Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengfei Hu
- School of Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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50
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Dysthe KK, Haavet OR, Røssberg JI, Brandtzaeg PB, Følstad A, Klovning A. Finding Relevant Psychoeducation Content for Adolescents Experiencing Symptoms of Depression: Content Analysis of User-Generated Online Texts. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28765. [PMID: 34591021 PMCID: PMC8517813 DOI: 10.2196/28765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Symptoms of depression are frequent in youth and may develop into more severe mood disorders, suggesting interventions should take place during adolescence. However, young people tend not to share mental problems with friends, family, caregivers, or professionals. Many receive misleading information when searching the internet. Among several attempts to create mental health services for adolescents, technological information platforms based on psychoeducation show promising results. Such development rests on established theories and therapeutic models. To fulfill the therapeutic potential of psychoeducation in health technologies, we lack data-driven research on young peoples’ demand for information about depression. Objective Our objective is to gain knowledge about what information is relevant to adolescents with symptoms of depression. From this knowledge, we can develop a population-specific psychoeducation for use in different technology platforms. Methods We conducted a qualitative, constructivist-oriented content analysis of questions submitted by adolescents aged 16-20 years to an online public information service. A sample of 100 posts containing questions on depression were randomly selected from a total of 870. For analysis, we developed an a priori codebook from the main information topics of existing psychoeducational programs on youth depression. The distribution of topic prevalence in the total volume of posts containing questions on depression was calculated. Results With a 95% confidence level and a ±9.2% margin of error, the distribution analysis revealed the following categories to be the most prevalent among adolescents seeking advice about depression: self-management (33%, 61/180), etiology (20%, 36/180), and therapy (20%, 36/180). Self-management concerned subcategories on coping in general and how to open to friends, family, and caregivers. The therapy topic concerned therapy options, prognosis, where to seek help, and how to open up to a professional. We also found young people dichotomizing therapy and self-management as opposite entities. The etiology topic concerned stressors and risk factors. The diagnosis category was less frequently referred to (9%, 17/180). Conclusions Self-management, etiology, and therapy are the most prevalent categories among adolescents seeking advice about depression. Young people also dichotomize therapy and self-management as opposite entities. Future research should focus on measures to promote self-management, measures to stimulate expectations of self-efficacy, information about etiology, and information about diagnosis to improve self-monitoring skills, enhancing relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim K Dysthe
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole R Haavet
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan I Røssberg
- Division of Psychiatric Treatment Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter B Brandtzaeg
- Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,SINTEF Digital, Software and Service Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Følstad
- SINTEF Digital, Software and Service Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Klovning
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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